N TCH HP I

Tn ti: Thit k ch to mch o v hin thi cng t trng trn LCD

Gio vin hng dn:
Nhm sinh vin thc hin:

V nh t
1. Nguyn Kha Huy
2. Nguyn Tin Tung

Lp

: _TK10.1

Kho hc: 2012 2016

Ngnh o to: T ng Ha Cng Nghi p
Ni dung cn hon thnh:
1. Thit k, tnh ton v ch to mch in o hin th cng t trng trn
LCD.
2. Sn phm ca ti phi m bo k thut, m thut.
3. Quyn thuyt minh.

MC LC
PHN I. GII THIU5
1. Li ni u.....................5
2. Gii thiu chung v mch......6
PHN II. NI DUNG7
Chng I. Cc linh kin s dng .....7
1.1. Gii thiu v LCD 16TC2A....7
1.2. Gii thiu v PIC 16F877A...10
1.3. Cm bin t trng A1302....14
Chng II. Thit k tnh ton v ch to........17
2.1. Thit k s mch...17
2.1.1. S khi mch.....17
2.1.2. Khi ngun.....17
2.1.3. Khi cm bin.17
2.1.4. Khi hin th...17
2.1.5. Khi iu khin.... ..18
2.1.6. S nguyn l ca mch..20
2.1.7. S board mch...22
2.1.8. Tnh ton cng t trng.....22
2.2. Chng trnh..23
2.2.1. Lu thut ton23
2.2.2. Th vin LCD.23
2.2.3. Chng trnh iu khin.....26

Chng III. Kim th sn phm..........27

PHN III. KT LUN.28
3.1. u im28
3.2. Nhc im..28
3.3. Li cm n........29

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

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Hng Yn, ngy

thng nm 2015

Ch k gio vin

PHN I. GII THIU

LI NI U
Trong nhng thp nin gn y cng nghip ho hin i ho ngy cng pht
trin mnh m. K thut in t c nhng bc pht trin mnh c bit l trong
k thut iu khin t ng, k thut vi iu khin.
nc ta hin nay, vic lp trnh ghp ni my tnh s dng vi iu khin
v ang l cng c c ng dng rng ri trong lnh vc t ng ho. N pht trin
nhanh chng, mang li nhng thay i to ln trong cng ngh cng nh trong i
sng hng ngy.
Sau mt thi gian tm hiu v nghin cu, cng vi nhng li ng gp kin
chn thnh t cc Thy(C) gio cng cc bn sinh vin, c bit c s hng dn
nhit tnh ca thy V nh t nhm n chng em quyt nh chn v thc
hin ti:
Thit k ch to mch o v hin thi cng t trng trn LCD
Tuy nhin, c c sn phm c tnh n nh cao, m bo v cht lng l
tng i kh khn. V thi gian hon thnh n ny cng c hn, v tm hiu
bit ca nhm thc hin vn cn hn ch nn ti kh trnh khi nhng thiu st,
nhng khuyt im khng mong mun. Nhm n chng em rt mong c c
nhng kin ng gp qu bu, chn thnh ca qu thy c cng cc bn sinh vin
ti ny c hon thin hn.

2. GII THIU CHUNG V MCH

2.1. Chc nng ca mch:
Mch o v hin th cng t trng trn LCD" c cc chc nng sau:
o cng t trng .
Hin th nhi t trn mn hnh LCD.
2.2. Cc thnh phn chnh ca mch o v hin th cng t trng .
1: LCD 16x2_R2.
2: Cm bin t trng A1302.
3: Vi iu khin PIC 16F877A.
4: Cc nt nhn,i n tr, t i n
, ..
2.3. Yu cu thit k:
Mch hot ng ng chc nng ca ti.
Mch hot ng c n nh v chnh xc cao.
Thit k gn nhe.
Gi thnh ph hp.

PHN II. NI DUNG

CHNG I. CC LINH KIN S DNG
1.1. Gii thi u v LCD 16TC2A
LCD (Liquid Crytal Direct) TC16C2 l mn hnh hin th th lng gm c:
+ LCD
+B Driver (Mch iu khin )
Mn hnh LCD v b Driver c thit k tch hp sn vi nhau bi nh sn
xut,khi s dng chi cn giao tip vi b Driver qua cc chn. LCD TC16C2.
L loi mn hnh hin th c 16 k t x2 dng, bao gm tt c cc k t chun
v m t s k t c bi t nhng khng c k t c du ting Vi t.
1.1.1. S chn ca LCD 16TC2A:

Hnh 2.1: S chn ca LCD 16TC2A

1.1.2. Chc nng v nhi m v ca cc chn:
STT chn
1

K hi u
Vss

Chc nng chn

Chn ni t cho LCD, khi thit k mch ta ni
chn ny vi GND ca mch iu khin

Vdd

Chn cp ngun cho LCD, khi thit k mch ta

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ni chn ny vi VCC=5V ca mch iu khin

3

Vee

RS

La chn tng phn ca mn hnh

Chn chn thanh ghi (Register select). Ni chn
RS vi logic 0 (GND) hoc logic 1 (VCC) chn
thanh ghi.
+ Logic 0: Bus DB0-DB7 s ni vi thanh ghi lnh
IR ca LCD ( ch ghi - write) hoc ni vi b
m a chi ca LCD ( ch c - read)
+ Logic 1: Bus DB0-DB7 s ni vi thanh ghi d
liu DR bn trong LCD.

R/w

Chn chn ch c/ghi (Read/Write). Ni

chn R/W vi logic 0 LCD hot ng ch
ghi, hoc ni vi logic 1 LCD ch c.

Chn cho php (Enable). Sau khi cc tn hiu

c t ln bus DB0-DB7, cc lnh chi c chp
nhn khi c 1 xung cho php ca chn E.
+ ch ghi: D liu bus s c LCD chuyn
vo(chp nhn) thanh ghi bn trong n khi pht hin
mt xung (high-to-low transition) ca tn hiu chn E.
+ ch c: D liu s c LCD xut ra DB0DB7 khi pht hin cnh ln (low-to-high transition)
chn E v c LCD gi bus n khi no chn E
xung mc thp.

D0

D1

D2

10

D3

11

D4

Tm ng ca bus d liu dng trao i

thng tin vi MPU. C 2 ch s dng 8 ng bus
ny :
8

+ Ch 8 bit : D liu c truyn trn c 8 ng,

12

D5

vi bit MSB l bit DB7.

13

D6

+ Ch 4 bit : D liu c truyn trn 4 ng t

14

D7

DB4 ti DB7, bit MSB l DB7

15

Vdd

Ngun dng cho en nn

16

Vss

GND cho en nn

Bng 2.1: Chc nng v nhi m v ca cc chn

1.1.3. Gi tr i n p:
K

iu

hi u

ki n

i n p
vo

Vdd

Gi tr chun

Min

Typ

Max

Vdd = +5v

4,7

5,3

Vdd= +3v

2,7

5,3

Vdd= 5V

Dng
cung cp
hi n thi

i n
p
nhi t
bnh

Idd

Vdd
Vo

1,2

3
-

mA

-200C

00C

4.2

4.8

5.1

250C

3,8

4,2

4,6

500C

3,6

4,0

4,4

700C

4,2

4,6

thng
i n
p led
mn hnh

VF

250C

LCD

2.2: Bng gi tr i n p ca mn hnh LCD

1.2. Gii thi u v PIC 16F877A
1.2.1. S chn v s nguyn l ca PIC16F877A
S chn

nguyn l :
1.2.2. Nhn xt
T s chn v s nguyn l trn, ta rt ra cc nhn xt ban u nh sau:
-

PIC16F877A c tt c 40 chn.

40 chn trn c chia thnh 5 PORT, 2 chn cp ngun, 2 chn GND, 2

chn thch anh v mt chn dng RESET vi iu khin.

5 port ca PIC16F877A bao gm :

+ PORTA : 6 chn
+ PORTB : 8 chn
+ PORTD : 8 chn
+ PORTC : 8 chn
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+ PORT E : 3 chn

1.2.3. Khi qut v chc nng ca cc port trong vi iu khin PIC16F877A

PORTA :
PORTA gm c 6 chn. Cc chn ca PortA, ta lp trnh c th thc hin c
chc nng hai chiu : xut d liu t vi iu khin ra ngoi vi v nhp d liu t
ngoi vi vo vi iu khin.
Vic xut nhp d liu PIC16F877A khc vi h 8051. tt c cc PORT ca
PIC16F877A, mi thi im chi thc hin c mt chc nng :xut hoc nhp.
chuyn t chc nng ny nhp qua chc nng xut hay ngc li, ta phi x l bng
phn mm, khng nh 8051 t hiu lc no l chc nng nhp, lc no l chc nng
xut.
Trong kin trc phn cng ca PIC16F877A, ngi ta s dng thanh ghi TRISA
a chi 85H iu khin chc nng I/O trn. Mun xc lp cc chn no ca PORTA
l nhp (input) th ta set bit tng ng chn trong thanh ghi TRISA. Ngc li,
mun chn no l output th ta clear bit tng ng chn trong thanh ghi TRISA.
iu ny hon ton tng t i vi cc PORT cn li
Ngoi ra, PORTA cn c cc chc nng quan trng sau :
- Ng vo Analog ca b ADC : thc hin chc nng chuyn t Analog sang
Digital
- Ng vo in th so snh
- Ng vo xung Clock ca Timer0 trong kin trc phn cng : thc hin cc
nhim v m xung thng qua Timer0

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- Ng vo ca b giao tip MSSP (Master Synchronous Serial Port)

PORTB:
PORTB c 8 chn. Cng nh PORTA, cc chn PORTB cng thc hin c 2
chc nng : input v output. Hai chc nng trn c iu khin bi thanh ghi TRISB.
Khi mun chn no ca PORTB l input th ta set bit tng ng trong thanh ghi
TRISB, ngc li mun chn no l output th ta clear bit tng ng trong TRISB.
Thanh ghi TRISB cn c tch hp b in tr ko ln c th iu khin c bng
chng trnh.
PORTC:
PORTC c 8 chn v cng thc hin c 2 chc nng input v output di s
iu khin ca thanh ghi TRISC tng t nh hai thanh ghi trn.
Ngoi ra PORTC cn c cc chc nng quan trng sau :
- Ng vo xung clock cho Timer1 trong kin trc phn cng.
- B PWM thc hin chc nng iu xung lp trnh c tn s, duty cycle: s
dng trong iu khin tc v v tr ca ng c v.v.
- Tch hp cc b giao tip ni tip I2C, SPI, SSP, USART.
PORTD:
PORTD c 8 chn. Thanh ghi TRISD iu khin 2 chc nng input v output ca
PORTD tng t nh trn. PORTD cng l cng xut d liu ca chun giao tip song
song PSP (Parallel Slave Port).
PORTE:
PORTE c 3 chn. Thanh ghi iu khin xut nhp tng ng l TRISE. Cc chn
ca PORTE c ng vo analog. Bn cnh PORTE cn l cc chn iu khin ca
chun giao tip PSP.

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1.3. Gii thi u v cam bin t trng A1302

Hnh 2.2: s chn ca cm bin t trng A1302

Mt thit b hiu ng Hall to ra mt in p khi c t trong mt
t trng . Di y l mt s m n gin s dng mt cm
bin hiu ng A1301 hoc A1302 Hall, trong cung cp u ra t
l thun vi cng trng. ( Cm bin hiu ng Hall khc c th
l n gin v ch cn chuyn i hoc tt khi t trng vt qu
mt gi tr nht nh ) .
Nu khng c t trng p dng cc kt qu u ra cm bin
khong mt na s in p cung cp , thng l 2.5V , gi s vic
cung cp l 5V . Sn lng gim ti 0V hoc tng i vi 5V, theo
phn cc t, vi tc 2.5mV / Gauss cho A1301 , hoc 1.3mV /
Gauss cho A1302.
Hng dn la chn:

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Absolute maximum ratings(xp hng ti a tuyt i):

Pin out drawings(Pin ra bn v):

Danh sch u ra:

14

c im thit b:

15

CHNG II. THIT K TNH TON

2.1. Thit k s mch

2.1.1. S khi ca mch

Khi ngun

Khi cm
bin

Khi iu
khin

Khi hin th
LCD

2.1.2. Khi ngun

Chc nng: Bin i dng in xoay chiu thnh dng mt chiu 5V cp cho chn
vo ca PIC 16F877A.
X2-1~x2-2: Cp ngun 12v xoay chiu.
Cu chinh lu B1: Bin i t dng xoay chiu thnh dng mt chiu.
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T C1: san phng in p.

IC7805: chuyn dng in v 5V.
T gm C2: loi b thnh phn sng nhiu ca in p xoay chiu.
T C3: san phng dng in.
LED1 : bo c dng din.
Nguyn l hot ng: Dng in 12V xoay chiu qua cu chinh lu lm bin i t
dng xoay chiu thnh dng mt chiu ri s c san phng qua t C1. Khi qua IC
n p 7805 s cho dng in c in p 5V n nh. Sau in p 5V c cho qua
tC3 san phng in p. IC n p 7805 mc song vi mt t gm loi b thnh
phn sng nhiu ca in p xoay chiu. IC 7805ta mc song song vi mt led bo
mch iu khin c ngun.
2.1.3. Khi cm bin
Cm bin t trng A1302: Chn 1 l Vout,chn 2 l GND,chn 3 l Vcc. D li u
chn 1 s c a vo b c v chuyn i ADC c tch hp trong b x l
thng qua knh AN0.
2.1.4. Khi hin th

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Khi hin th LCD, gm 1 LCD 16x2. LCD c truyn d li u 4 bt t vi iu khin

qua cc chn D4, D5, D6, D7. Cn li D0, D1, D2, D3 khng x dng c ni GND.
Ta cp ngun cho led mn hnh LCD thng qua chn 15 v 16 ca LCD.

2.2.5. Khi iu khin

Khi iu khin l pic16f877a:

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2.1.6. S nguyn l ca mch

19

 Nguyn l lm vi c ca mch: Khi b x l c cp ngun, vi x l s khi

to truyn d li u cho LCD hin th. Tip theo b vi x l s c d li u gi
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v t cm bin A1302. D li u ny s c x l v tnh ton theo thu t ton

m ngi vit l p trnh. Sau khi c x l, b x l s gi kt qu ra mn
hnh LCD.
Nguyn l hot ng ca mch:
-

Nt nhn S1 l nt reset: 1 u ni GND, u cn li ni vi tr treo to

mc ln Vcc v ni vo chn MCLR/Vpp ca vi x l. Khi cha tc ng
chn MCLR/Vpp mc cao, b vi x l hot ng bnh thng. Khi c
tc ng th chn MCLR/Vpp c a xung mc thp, b x l ngay
l p tc c reset nhy v thc hi n cu l nh ngn nh u tin ca b
nh.

A1302: Chn 1 l Vout,chn 2 l GND,chn 3 l Vcc. D li u chn 1 s

c a vo b c v chuyn i ADC c tch hp trong b x l
thng qua knh AN0.

Khi to dao ng: gm thch anh 20MHz v 2 t t 33pF

Khi hin th LCD, gm 1 LCD 16x2. LCD c truyn d li u 4 bt t vi

iu khin qua cc chn D4, D5, D6, D7. Cn li D0, D1, D2, D3 khng x
dng c ni GND. Ta cp ngun cho led mn hnh LCD thng qua chn
15 v 16 ca LCD.
mch ny ta chi x dng chc nng ghi d liu ln LCD ln chn RW
ta ni GND.
Bin tr tinh chinh R4 c tc dng iu chinh tng phn cho LCD

Khi mch np: Gm c chn 1 chn Reset, chn 2 l chn Vcc, chn 3 l
chn ni GND, chn 4 l chn PGD, chn 5 l chn PGC ( chn PGD v
PGC dng truyn d li u t my tnh thng qua mch np vo IC.

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2.1.7. S board mch:

S board mch iu khin:

Hnh 2.3. S board mch

2.1.8. Tnh ton cng t trng
i vi A1302: 1.3mV = 1Gauss
Chn ch ADC 10 bit ( ngha l ADC c gi tr t 0 n 1023 )
1024 bc tng t = 5V
c c gi tr ADC ta dng hm red_adc();
T gi tr ADC c c ta quy i li t cng t trng :1 gi tr ADC =
3756mG

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2.2. Chng trnh

2.2.1. Lu thu t ton:

Bt u

c d li u A1302

Tnh ton vi gi tr c c t A1302 ri

hin th ra LCD

Kt thc

Hnh 2.2. S lu thu t ton

2.2.2. Chng trnh iu khin.

#include <16F877A.h>
#device *=16 adc=10
#FUSES
NOWDT,HS,NOPUT,NOPROTECT,NODEBUG,NOBROWNOUT,NOLVP,N
OCPD,NOWRT
#use delay(clock=20000000) // DUNG THACH ANH 20MHz
#include <lcd_lib_4bit.c> // LCD 4 BIT
#byte porta=0x05

// KHAI BAO DIA CHI TRONG PHAN CUNG

#byte portb=0x06
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#byte portc=0x07
#byte portd=0x08
#byte porte=0x09

// Thu vien ham cho LCD

unsignedintnghin, tram,chuc,donvi; //BIEN SO

float value;

//BIEN TU TRUONG DO ADC

//========================================================
========;
voidhien_thi_so(unsigned char x); //HAM NGUYEN MAU
voidhien_thi_so(unsigned char x) //HAM HIEN THI SO LEN LCD
{
nghin=x/1000; x=x%1000;
tram =x/100; x= x%100;
chuc =x/10;
donvi =x%10;
nghin = nghin + 0x30; // CHUYEN DOI DE GUI LEN LCD
tram = tram +0x30;
chuc = chuc + 0x30;
donvi = donvi + 0x30;
LCD_Putchar(nghin); //GUI LEN LCD GIA TRI NGHIN TRAM CHUC DON
VI
LCD_Putchar(tram);
LCD_Putchar(chuc);
LCD_Putchar(donvi);
}
void main()
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{
set_tris_a(0xFF); //KHAI BAO PORTA LA DAU VAO
LCD_init();

//GOI HAM KHOI TAO LCD

//=========== Khoitaoche do chobo

ADC=====================================
setup_adc_ports(ALL_ANALOG);
setup_adc(ADC_CLOCK_INTERNAL);
while (true)
{
set_adc_channel(0);

//CAI DAT ADC 0

value = read_adc();

//DOC GIA TRI TU ADC 0

value=value-512; //TRU DI 512 DE LAY GIA TRI GOC CUA A1302

delay_ms(10);
value=value*3,756;
TRUONG

// TINH TOAN CHUYEN SANG CUONG DO TU

LCD_Putcmd(0x80);
LCD

//CHUYEN CON TRO VE DONG DAU TIEN

LCD_Putchar("DO TU TRUONG"); //VIET CHU LEN LCD

LCD_Putcmd(0xc0);
LCD

//CHUYEN CON TRO VE DAU DONG THU 2

LCD_Putchar("T= ");

//VIET CHU

hien_thi_so(value);

//HIEN THI GIA TRI TU TRUONG LEN LCD

LCD_Putchar(" GAUSS");

//VIET CHU

delay_ms(100);
}
}
25

CHNG III. KIM TH SN PHM

Hnh nh sn phm:

-Phn mm chy n nh .
- o c cng t trng v hin th trn LCD.

26

CHNG III. KT LUN

3.1. u im
- D thit k ch to.
- Gi thnh linh kin r, d tm.
- D thay th lp t.
3.2.Nhc im
- chnh xc cha cao, d b nhiu bi cc thit b sinh t trng xung quanh.

27

LI CM N
Chng em xin chn thnh cm n thy V nh t tn tnh chi dy hng dn,
ng gp nhiu kin qu bu v to iu kin cho chng em sa sai v hon chinh
kin thc ca mnh trong sut thi gian qua. S chi dy v nhng kin ca thy m
ng cho chng em nhanh chng khc phc c nhng khc mc kh khn v sm
tm ra c nhng phng n gii quyt hiu qu trong qu trnh thc hin ti tt
nghip ny.
Chng em xin cm n qu thy c trong khoa in - in t trng HSPKT Hng
Yn ht lng dy d, chi bo chng em trong thi gian qua.
Nhm thc hin n chng em xin chn thnh cm n nhng ngi bn, ngi thn,
bn be gip nhm chng em trong thi gian thc hin v hon thnh n.

Chng em xin chn thnh cm n!

Hng yn, Ngy

Thng

Nm 2015

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Ti liu tham khao

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