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Khoa in - in T
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Khoa in - in T
MC LC
LI NI U.......................................................................................................4
1.1. Gii thi u v LCD 16TC2A............................................................................5
1.1.1: S chn cua LCD 16TC2A:.................................................................5
1.1.2.Chc nng va nhi m vu cua cac chn........................................................6
1.1.3. Gia tri i n ap...........................................................................................8
1.2.Gi thi u v PIC 16F877................................................................................9
1.2.1. S chn va s nguyn l cua PIC16F877A......................................9
1.2.2. Nhn xt..................................................................................................10
1.2.3. Khai quat v chc nng cua cac port trong vi iu khin PIC16F877A 11
1.3. Gii thi u v cam bin nhi t LM 35........................................................13
1.4. Gii thiu v cam bin m DHT11..........................................................14
1.5. Gi thiu v phn t bn dn Triac..............................................................18
1.5.1. Cu to va k hiu...................................................................................18
1.5.2. c tuyn V-A.........................................................................................20
1.6. Cc linh kin in t th ng......................................................................20
1.6.1. in tr...................................................................................................20
1.6.2. Bin tr....................................................................................................22
1.6.3. Tu in.....................................................................................................22
1.6.4. Diode.......................................................................................................24
1.7. Linh kin in t tch cc.............................................................................26
1.7.1. Gii thiu v vi mch TCA 785...............................................................26
CHNG 2: TNH CHN LINH KIN............................................................36
2.1. Mch o m v nhit ...........................................................................36
2.1.1. o nhi t ..............................................................................................36
2.1.2.o m..................................................................................................36
2.2.1.Chn Triac va Cu ch bo v..................................................................37
CHNG 3: THIT K MCH............................................................................39
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CHNG 4: KT LUN...................................................................................60
u im:..............................................................................................................60
Ti Li u Tham Khao...........................................................................................61
LI NI U
Trong nhng nm gn y, nn kinh t ca nc ta pht trin rt mnh
m v nhanh chng, t c kt qua ny th c s ng gp rt ln ca
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CHNG 1: C S L THUYT
1.1. Gii thi u v LCD 16TC2A
LCD (Liquid Crytal Direct) TC16C2 l mn hnh hin thi th lng gm c:
+ LCD
+B Driver (Mch iu khin )
Mn hnh LCD v b Driver c thit k tch hp sn vi nhau bi nh san
xut, khi s dng chi cn giao tip vi b Driver qua cc chn LCD TC16C2. L
loi mn hnh hin thi c 16 k t x2 dng, bao gm tt ca cc k t chun v
m t s k t c bi t nhng khng c k t c du ting Vi t.
1.1.1: S chn ca LCD 16TC2A:
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Vss
Vdd
Vee
RS
R/w
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D0
D1
D2
10
D3
11
D4
bus ny :
12
D5
13
D6
14
D7
15
Vdd
16
Vss
GND cho en nn
1.1.3. Gia tr i n ap
K
Hi u
i n
p vo
Vdd
iu
Gi tri chun
Min
Typ
Max
Vdd = +5v
4,7
5,3
Vdd= +3v
2,7
5,3
ki n
vi
Dng
n tch hp 1
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cung cp
Idd
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Vdd= 5V
1,2
mA
hi n thi
i n
p
nhi t
bnh
Vdd
Vo
-200C
00C
4.2
4.8
5.1
250C
3,8
4,2
4,6
500C
3,6
4,0
4,4
700C
4,2
4,6
thng
i n
p led
mn hnh
VF
250C
LCD
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S nguyn l:
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1.2.2. Nhn xt
T s chn v s nguyn l trn, ta rt ra cc nhn xt ban u nh sau:
- PIC16F877A c tt ca 40 chn
- 40 chn trn c chia thnh 5 PORT, 2 chn cp ngun, 2 chn GND, 2
chn thch anh v mt chn dng RESET vi iu khin.
- 5 port ca PIC16F877A bao gm :
+ PORTA: 6 chn
+ PORTB: 8 chn
+ PORTD: 8 chn
+ PORTC: 8 chn
+ PORT E: 3 chn
1.2.3. Khai quat v chc nng cua cac port trong vi iu khin PIC16F877A
PORTA
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C ti 150 0C
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Chn GND l chn ni mass: Chn ny ny trnh hng cam bin cng nh
lm giam sai s qu trnh o.
1.4. Gii thiu v cm bin m DHT11
. Gii thiu:
- DHT11 l cam bin nhit v m. N ra i sau v c s dng
thay th cho dng SHT1x nhng ni khng cn chnh xc cao v nhit
v m.
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- Thng s k thut:
o Do m: 20%-95%
o Nhit : 0-50C
o Sai s m 5%
o Sai s nhit : 2C
2. Nguyn l hot ng:
- S kt ni vi x l:
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- Bc 1: gi tn hiu Start
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Bit 1:
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10
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5W
6 ,8
10W
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in tr thng
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in tr Cng Sut
in tr Cng
Bin Tr
Sut
b.Phn loi.
- in tr thng: in tr thng l cc loi in tr c cng sut nh t
0,125W n 0,5W.
- in tr cng sut: l cc in tr c cng sut ln hn t 1W, 2W, 5W, 10W.
- in tr s, in tr nhit: L cch gi khc ca cc in tr cng sut, in tr
ny c v bc s, khi hot ng chng ta nhit.
- in tr dy cun: Loi in tr ny dng dy in tr qun trn than lp cch
in thng bng s, c tri s in p thp nhng cng sut lm vic ln t 1W
n 25W.
- in tr mng kim loi: Ch to theo cch kt lng mng Ni-Cr.
Tr thng
1.6.2. Bin tr.
- Bin tr l cc thit bi c in tr thun c th bin i c theo mun .
Chng c th dc s dng trong cc mch in iu chinh hot ng ca mch
in.
- in tr ca thit bi c th c thay i bng cch thay i chiu di ca dy
dn in trong thit bi, hoc bng cc tc ng khc nh nhit thay i bng
cach sthay i chiu di ca dy dn in trong thit bi, hoc bng cc tc ng
khc nh nhit thay i, nh sang hoc bc x in t,
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Khoa in - in T
1.6.3. Tu in
a. Khai nim.
- Khi nim: T in l linh kin in t th ng c s dng rt rng ri trong
cc mch in t, chng c s dng trong cc mch lc ngun, lc nhiu, mch
truyn tn hiu xoay chiu, mch to dao ng.
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T ha
T gm .
b.Phn loi :
- i vi t in c rt nhiu loi nhng thc t ngi ta phn ra thnh hai loi
chnh l t khng phn cc v t phn cc.
- T khng phn cc: Gm cc l kim loi ghp xen k vi lp cch in mng,
gi tri ca n thng t 1,8pF - 1F. Cn gi tri t ln hn th s c kch thc rt
ln khng tin ch to.
- T phn cc: C cu to gm 2 cc in cch ly nhau nh mt lp cht i phn
mng lm ijn mi. Lp in mi cng mng th tri s in dung cng cao. Loi
t ny c s phn cc c ghi trn than ca t, v th nu ni nhm cc tnh th
lp ijn mi s bi ph hy lm h hng t.
- Trong thc t chng ta thng gp cc loi t nh sau:
+ T gm: in mi bng gm thng c kch thc nh, dng ng hoc dng a
c trng kim loi ln b mt, tri s t 1pF - 1F v c in p lm vic tng i
cao.
+ T mica: in mi lm bng mica c trng bc, tri s t 2,2pF 10nF v thng
lm vic tn s cao, sai s nh, t tin.
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b. Cu to va nguyn l hot ng
Cu to: Diode bn dn c cu to da trn chuyn tip P N ca hai cht
bn dn khc loi. in cc ni vi bn dn P gi l Anot cn in cc ni vi bn
dn N gi l Katot. Trong k thut in thng c k hiu nh sau:
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Nguyn l hot ng: Diode s dn in theo hai chiu khng ging nhau. Nu
phn cc thun th diode s dn in gn nh bo ha. Nu phn cc nghich th
diode dn in rt yu, thc cht chi c dng in r. Ni mt cch gn ng th
xem nh diode chi dn in mt chiu t Anot sang Katot, v y chnh l c tnh
chinh lu ca Diode bn dn.
c. Phn loi
- Theo cng dng th ta c: Diode n p, Diode pht quang, Diode thu quang,
Diode bin dung, Diode xung, Diode tc song, Diode tch sng.
+ Diode pht quang c s dng iu khin tivi, en led bin quang co, n
pht ra nh sang.
+ Diode bin dung c dng nhiu trong cc b thu pht sng in thoi, sng
cao tn, siu cao tn.
+ Diode tch sng l loi diode nh, v bng thy tinh v cn c gi l diode
tip im v mt tip xc gia hai cht bn dn P-N ti mt im trnh in
dung k sinh, Diode tch sng thng dng trong cc mch cao tn dng tch
song tn hiu.
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Diode Zenner
1.7. Linh kin in t tch cc.
1.7.1. Gii thiu v vi mch TCA 785.
Gii thiu chung: Vi mch TCA 785 l vi mch phc hp thc hin 4 chc nng
ca mt mch iu khin: To in p ng b, to in p rng ca, so snh v to
xung ra. TCA 785 do hang Simen ch to c s dng iu khin cc thit bi
chinh lu, thit bi iu chinh dng xoay chiu.
c trng:
-
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Chc nng:
Chn
K hiu
Chc nng
GND
Chn ni t
Q2
u ra 2 ao
QU
Du ra U
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Q1
u ra 1 ao
VSYNC
Tn hiu ng b
Tn hiu cm
QZ
u ra z
VREF
in p chun
R9
in p to xung rng ca
10
C10
T to xung rng ca
11
V11
in p iu khin
12
C12
T to rng xung
13
14
Q1
u ra 1
15
Q2
u ra 2
16
VS
in p ngun nui
S cu to
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Khoa in - in T
Thng s
Dng tiu th
in p vo iu khin , V11
chn 11tr khng vo
R11
tri n vi
4,5
6,5
10
MA
0,2
15
V10
MAX
1000
VS-2
300
Mch to rng ca
Dng np t
I10
Bin rng ca
V10
in tr mch np
R9
10
80
3
Ms
V6I
3.3
Cho php
V6H
3.3
Xung hp
V13
3.5
2.5
Xung rng
2.5
V
V
3.5
2.5
V
V
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in p mc cao
V14/V
VS-13
VS-2.5
VS
in p mc thp
15
0.3
0.8
1.0
rng xung hp
V14/V
20
30
15
530
620
40
s/n
760
3.1
3.4
2x10-4
5x10-4
1/K
tP
in p iu khin
in p chun
VREF
2.8
Gc iu khin ng vi rsef
in
p chun
n tch hp 1
500pF (min)
tTr =
1 F (max)
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Dng np t:
I10 =
in p trn t:
V10 =
Vref .K
R9
Vref .K .t
R9 .C10
Dng in ng b:
T in:
Tn s xung ra:
C10 = 0,5 ( F)
f = (10 500) Hz
Chn gi tri ngoi thc t: C10 = 104, C12 = 473 ,R9 = 33k.
Bin tr VR1= 10k.
- in p iu khin chn VR2 = 10k.
- Khu ng pha chn Rng pha = 1M.
Nguyn l lam vic cua TCA 785:
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Khoa in - in T
=>T yu cu thc tin ta chn IC TCA 785 do hng SIMEN san xut cng cc
linh kin i kem sau: C10= 104, C12= 473, R9= 33k ,R5= 1M,VR1= VR2= 10k
n tch hp 1
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Khoa in - in T
; ng vi i n p 5V
; ng vi i n p ( x*5)/1023 (V)
; ng vi 1 0C
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2.2.1.Chn Triac va Cu ch bo v.
Da vo cc yu t c ban dng tai, s cn chn, iu kin tan nhit, in
p lm vic.
P: Cng sut inh mc ca tai Pm=100 W
U: in p inh mc U=220V
I : Dng in inh mc I=0.45 A
Khi :
- in p lm vic cc i ca triac:
U = K .U =
.220 = 311,13 V
- in p ca van cn chn:
U = Kdt . U = 1.8.311,13 = 560,034 V
Kdt l h s d tr in p. Chn Kdt=1.8
-
Chn iu kin lm vic ca van: c cnh tan nhit khng c qut i lu.
Dng in inh mc ca van cn chn:
Ilv =30%Idmvan
=> Idmvan =0.45/0.3=1.5A
Vi cc thng s trn theo datasheet cng nh ph bin ngoi thi trng
chng em quyt inh la chn loi van sau :
BT-136 600E c cc thng s sau:
in p inh mc: Um = 600 V.
Dng in inh mc: Im = 4 A.
Dng in iu khin: Ik = 50 m A.
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in p iu khin: Uk = 1.5V.
Dng in r: Ir = 500 A .
Dng in duy tr: Ih = 15 mA.
St trn van khi m: U = 1.65 V.
Thi gian gi xung iu khin: tx = 2 s
Tc tng in p:
du
dt
= 500 V/ s.
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3.1.1.S khi.
Ngun nui
Khi hin
thi
Khi iu
khin
Cam bin
Chc nng: Bin i dng in xoay chiu thnh dng mt chiu 5V cp cho
chn vo ca PIC 16F877A v LCD.
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Nguyn l hot ng: Dng in 12V xoay chiu qua cu chinh lu 3A lm bin
i t dng xoay chiu thnh dng mt chiu. Khi qua IC n p 7805 s cho dng
in c in p 5V n inh. Sau khi chinh lu cu in p 5V c cho qua t
1000F san phng in p to in p n inh cho IC n p 7805 v mc song
vi mt t gm loi b thnh phn sng hi ca in p xoay chiu sau IC
7805ta mc song song vi mt led bo mch iu khin c ngun.
3.1.3. S nguyn l mch o m va nhit
Hnh 10 : S nguyn l
3.1.4. Nguyn l lam vi c cua mch:
n tch hp 1
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Khoa in - in T
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Ngun
nui
Mch iu
khin
Mch
cch ly
Mch
lc
Chc nng: Bin i dng xoay chiu in p 15V thnh dng mt chiu cp cho
chn vo ca TCA785.
Nguyn l hot ng: Dng in 15V xoay chiu qua cu chinh lu 3A lm bin
i t dng xoay chiu thnh dng mt chiu.Khi qua IC n p 7815 s cho dng
in c in p 15V n inh.Sau khi chinh lu cu in p 15v c cho qua t
2200F san phng in p to in p n inh cho IC n p 7815 v mc song
vi mt t gm loi b thnh phn sng hi ca in p xoay chiu sau IC 7815
ta mc song song vi mt led bo mch iu khin c ngun.
n tch hp 1
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3.3. Khai bao, dinh nghia mot so thah ghi cho PIC16F887
#ifndef __DEF_16F887_H
#define __DEF_16F887_H
#byte PORTA
= 0x05
#byte PORTB
= 0x06
#byte PORTC
= 0x07
#byte PORTD
= 0x08
#byte PORTE
= 0x09
= 0x85
#byte DDRB
= 0x86
#byte DDRC
= 0x87
#byte DDRD
= 0x88
#byte DDRE
= 0x89
/*********************PORTA**********************/
#bit PORTA4
= PORTA.4
= PORTA.3
= PORTA.2
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#bit PORTA1
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= PORTA.1
= PORTA.0
= DDRA.0
#bit DDRA1
= DDRA.1
#bit DDRA2
= DDRA.2
#bit DDRA3
= DDRA.3
#bit DDRA4
= DDRA.4
/*********************PORTB**********************/
#bit PORTB7
= PORTB.7
= PORTB.6
= PORTB.5
= PORTB.4
= PORTB.3
= PORTB.2
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#bit PORTB1
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= PORTB.1
= PORTB.0
= DDRB.0
#bit DDRB1
= DDRB.1
#bit DDRB2
= DDRB.2
#bit DDRB3
= DDRB.3
#bit DDRB4
= DDRB.4
#bit DDRB5
= DDRB.5
#bit DDRB6
= DDRB.6
#bit DDRB7
= DDRB.7
/*********************PORTC**********************/
#bit PORTC7
= PORTC.7
= PORTC.6
= PORTC.5
= PORTC.4
= PORTC.3
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= PORTC.2
= PORTC.1
= PORTC.0
= DDRC.0
#bit DDRC1
= DDRC.1
#bit DDRC2
= DDRC.2
#bit DDRC3
= DDRC.3
#bit DDRC4
= DDRC.4
#bit DDRC5
= DDRC.5
#bit DDRC6
= DDRC.6
#bit DDRC7
= DDRC.7
/*********************PORTD**********************/
#bit PORTD7
= PORTD.7
= PORTD.6
= PORTD.5
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#bit PORTD4
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= PORTD.4
= PORTD.3
= PORTD.2
= PORTD.1
= PORTD.0
= DDRD.0
#bit DDRD1
= DDRD.1
#bit DDRD2
= DDRD.2
#bit DDRD3
= DDRD.3
#bit DDRD4
= DDRD.4
#bit DDRD5
= DDRD.5
#bit DDRD6
= DDRD.6
#bit DDRD7
= DDRD.7
/*********************PORTE**********************/
#bit PORTE2
= PORTE.2
= PORTE.1
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= PORTE.0
= DDRE.0
#bit DDRE1
= DDRE.1
#bit DDRE2
= DDRE.2
/*********************PORTE**********************/
#define DDROUT
#define DDRIN
0
1
#endif
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#use fast_io(d)
#use fast_io(e)
#define DHT_ER
#define DHT_OK
PINC0
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//Doi Data ve 0
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{
buffer[i]|=(1<<(7-ii));
while((DHT_DATA_IN));//Doi Data xuong 0
}
}
}
checksum=buffer[0]+buffer[1]+buffer[2]+buffer[3];
//DHT_DDR_DATA=DDROUT;
//DHT_DATA_OUT=1;
if((checksum)!=buffer[4])return DHT_ER;
*tem = buffer[2];
*humi = buffer[0];
return DHT_OK;
}
VOID MAIN()
{
SET_TRIS_A (0XFF);
SET_TRIS_B (0x00);
enable_interrupts(GLOBAL);
setup_adc_ports(all_analog);
setup_adc(adc_clock_internal);
lcd_init ();
n tch hp 1
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lcd_putcmd(0x80);
lcd_putchar("ok");
WHILE(TRUE)
{
chuyen_doi_adc();
lcd_putcmd(0x80);
printf(lcd_putchar,"Nhiet do:%3ld *C",nhiet_do);
if(DHT_GetTemHumi(&dh_nhiet_do,&dh_do_am))
{
lcd_putcmd(0xC0);
printf(lcd_putchar,"Do Am:
%u",dh_do_am);
lcd_putchar("%");
}
}
}
3.5. Chng trnh iu khin kt ni LCD vi PIC16F877A.
#include <stddef.h>
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// prototype statements
#separate void LCD_Init ( void );// ham khoi tao LCD
#separate void LCD_SetPosition ( unsigned int cX );//Thiet lap vi tri con tro
#separate void LCD_PutChar ( unsigned int cX );// Ham viet1kitu/1chuoi len LCD
#separate void LCD_PutCmd ( unsigned int cX) ;// Ham gui lenh len LCD
#separate void LCD_PulseEnable ( void );// Xung kich hoat
#separate void LCD_SetData ( unsigned int cX );// Dat du lieu len chan Data
// D/n Cong
#use standard_io ( B )
#use standard_io (A)
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{
LCD_SetData ( 0x00 );
delay_ms(2);
output_low ( LCD_RS );// che do gui lenh
LCD_SetData ( 0x03 );
LCD_PulseEnable();
LCD_PulseEnable();
LCD_PulseEnable();
LCD_SetData ( 0x02 );
LCD_PulseEnable();
LCD_PutCmd ( 0x2C );
LCD_PutCmd ( 0b00001100);
LCD_PutCmd ( 0x06 );
LCD_PutCmd ( 0x01 );
}
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LCD_PulseEnable();
}
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delay_us ( 10 ); // was 10
output_low ( LCD_EN );
delay_ms ( 5 ); // was 5
}
n tch hp 1
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CHNG 4: KT LUN
u im:
Phn cng c thit k nh gn v c lp rp theo kiu module nn d
dng thay th cng nh kim tra cc linh kin trong mch
Phn mm chy kh n inh, sai l ch nhi t trong khoang cho php.
C th ng dng trong thc t (o hin nhi t trong cc l p trng,trong cc
kho bao quan nng san, h gia nh ..)
Sau khi hon thnh n tch hp mc 1 " Thit k ch to mch o va hin
th nhi t m trong l in hin th trn LCD" chng em hc hi, trau
di c rt nhiu kin thc. Nhng kin thc ny c ch rt nhiu cho vic hc
tp v nghin cu chuyn ngnh in t cng nghip ca chng em. Chng em xin
chn thnh cam n thy Nguyn Vit Ng cng cc thy c gio trong b mn
gip chng em hon thnh n ny.
Trong qu trnh lm n do kin thc cn hn hp nn khng th trnh khi
nhng thiu st nn mong thy c v cc bn thng cam v b sung thm n
ca chng em c hon thin hn.
n tch hp 1
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n tch hp 1
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