You are on page 1of 61

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN


....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
Ngy.,thng..,nm..
Ch k ca gio vin hng dn
(k v ghi r h tn)

n tch hp 1

Page 1

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

MC LC
LI NI U.......................................................................................................4
1.1. Gii thi u v LCD 16TC2A............................................................................5
1.1.1: S chn cua LCD 16TC2A:.................................................................5
1.1.2.Chc nng va nhi m vu cua cac chn........................................................6
1.1.3. Gia tri i n ap...........................................................................................8
1.2.Gi thi u v PIC 16F877................................................................................9
1.2.1. S chn va s nguyn l cua PIC16F877A......................................9
1.2.2. Nhn xt..................................................................................................10
1.2.3. Khai quat v chc nng cua cac port trong vi iu khin PIC16F877A 11
1.3. Gii thi u v cam bin nhi t LM 35........................................................13
1.4. Gii thiu v cam bin m DHT11..........................................................14
1.5. Gi thiu v phn t bn dn Triac..............................................................18
1.5.1. Cu to va k hiu...................................................................................18
1.5.2. c tuyn V-A.........................................................................................20
1.6. Cc linh kin in t th ng......................................................................20
1.6.1. in tr...................................................................................................20
1.6.2. Bin tr....................................................................................................22
1.6.3. Tu in.....................................................................................................22
1.6.4. Diode.......................................................................................................24
1.7. Linh kin in t tch cc.............................................................................26
1.7.1. Gii thiu v vi mch TCA 785...............................................................26
CHNG 2: TNH CHN LINH KIN............................................................36
2.1. Mch o m v nhit ...........................................................................36
2.1.1. o nhi t ..............................................................................................36
2.1.2.o m..................................................................................................36
2.2.1.Chn Triac va Cu ch bo v..................................................................37
CHNG 3: THIT K MCH............................................................................39
n tch hp 1

Page 2

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

CHNG 4: KT LUN...................................................................................60
u im:..............................................................................................................60
Ti Li u Tham Khao...........................................................................................61

LI NI U
Trong nhng nm gn y, nn kinh t ca nc ta pht trin rt mnh
m v nhanh chng, t c kt qua ny th c s ng gp rt ln ca
n tch hp 1

Page 3

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

ngnh k thut in t, k thut vi x l. Vi s pht trin nh v bo nh hin


nay th k thut in t, k thut vi x l ang xm nhp vo tt ca cc ngnh
khoa hc k thut khc v p ng c hu ht nhu cu ca ngi dn.
S ra i ca cc vi mch iu khin vi gi thnh giam nhanh, kha nng lp
trnh ngy cng cao mang li nhng thay i su sc trong ngnh k thut
in t.
Vic ng dng cc k thut ny vo thc t s gip ch rt nhiu cho mi
ngi. gp mt phn nh vo vic ny chng em thc hin ti Thit
k ch to mch o nhi t va m trong l nhit hin th trn LCD.
Thng qua ti ny chng em s c nhng iu kin tt nht hc hi, tch
ly kinh nghim qu bu, b xung thm vo hnh trang ca mnh trn con
ng chn trong tng lai.
Trong thi gian nghin cu v lm n da vo kin thc c hc
trng, qua mt s sch, ti liu c lin quan cng vi s gip tn tnh ca
cc thy c gio,cc bn v c bit l vi s hng dn tn tnh ca thy
Nguyn Vit Ng chng em hon thnh c n mn hc ln ny.
Mc d c gng hon thnh nhng vi kinh nghim v kha nng cn
hn ch nn chng em khng th trnh khi nhng sai st v nhm ln, v vy
chng em rt mong cc thy, c gio cng cc bn ng gp nhng kin qu
bu n mn hc ca chng em c hon thin hn.
Chng em xin chn thanh cm n!
Nhm sinh vin thc hin
ao Vn Nam - Ng Vn Ngc.

n tch hp 1

Page 4

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

CHNG 1: C S L THUYT
1.1. Gii thi u v LCD 16TC2A
LCD (Liquid Crytal Direct) TC16C2 l mn hnh hin thi th lng gm c:
+ LCD
+B Driver (Mch iu khin )
Mn hnh LCD v b Driver c thit k tch hp sn vi nhau bi nh san
xut, khi s dng chi cn giao tip vi b Driver qua cc chn LCD TC16C2. L
loi mn hnh hin thi c 16 k t x2 dng, bao gm tt ca cc k t chun v
m t s k t c bi t nhng khng c k t c du ting Vi t.
1.1.1: S chn ca LCD 16TC2A:

Hnh 1: S chn ca LCD 16TC2A

1.1.2.Chc nng va nhi m vu cua cac chn


STT chn K hi u
Chc nng chn
n tch hp 1

Page 5

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

Vss

Chn ni t cho LCD, khi thit k mch ta ni


chn ny vi GND ca mch iu khin

Vdd

Chn cp ngun cho LCD, khi thit k mch ta


ni chn ny vi VCC=5V ca mch iu khin

Vee

RS

La chn tng phan ca mn hnh


Chn chn thanh ghi (Register select). Ni
chn RS vi logic 0 (GND) hoc logic 1 (VCC)
chn thanh ghi.
+ Logic 0: Bus DB0-DB7 s ni vi thanh ghi lnh
IR ca LCD ( ch ghi - write) hoc ni vi b
m ia chi ca LCD ( ch c - read)
+ Logic 1: Bus DB0-DB7 s ni vi thanh ghi d
liu DR bn trong LCD.

R/w

Chn chn ch c/ghi (Read/Write). Ni


chn R/W vi logic 0 LCD hot ng ch
ghi, hoc ni vi logic 1 LCD ch c.

Chn cho php (Enable). Sau khi cc tn hiu


c t ln bus DB0-DB7, cc lnh chi c chp
nhn khi c 1 xung cho php ca chn E.
+ ch ghi: D liu bus s c LCD chuyn
vo(chp nhn) thanh ghi bn trong n khi pht hin
mt xung (high-to-low transition) ca tn hiu chn
E.
+ ch c: D liu s c LCD xut ra DB0-

n tch hp 1

Page 6

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

DB7 khi pht hin cnh ln (low-to-high transition)


chn E v c LCD gi bus n khi no chn E
xung mc thp.

D0

D1

D2

10

D3

thng tin vi MPU. C 2 ch s dng 8 ng

11

D4

bus ny :

12

D5

13

D6

14

D7

15

Vdd

Ngun dng cho en nn

16

Vss

GND cho en nn

1.1.3. Gia tr i n ap
K
Hi u
i n
p vo

Vdd

Tm ng ca bus d liu dng trao i

+ Ch 8 bit : D liu c truyn trn ca 8


ng, vi bit MSB l bit DB7.
+ Ch 4 bit : D liu c truyn trn 4 ng
t DB4 ti DB7, bit MSB l DB7

iu

Gi tri chun

Min

Typ

Max

Vdd = +5v

4,7

5,3

Vdd= +3v

2,7

5,3

ki n

vi

Dng
n tch hp 1

Page 7

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

cung cp

Idd

Khoa in - in T

Vdd= 5V

1,2

mA

hi n thi

i n
p
nhi t
bnh

Vdd
Vo

-200C

00C

4.2

4.8

5.1

250C

3,8

4,2

4,6

500C

3,6

4,0

4,4

700C

4,2

4,6

thng
i n
p led
mn hnh

VF

250C

LCD

Bang gi tri i n p ca mn hnh LCD

1.2.Gi thi u v PIC 16F877


1.2.1. S chn va s nguyn l cua PIC16F877A
S chn:

n tch hp 1

Page 8

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

Hnh 2: S chn ca PIC

S nguyn l:

n tch hp 1

Page 9

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

1.2.2. Nhn xt
T s chn v s nguyn l trn, ta rt ra cc nhn xt ban u nh sau:
- PIC16F877A c tt ca 40 chn
- 40 chn trn c chia thnh 5 PORT, 2 chn cp ngun, 2 chn GND, 2
chn thch anh v mt chn dng RESET vi iu khin.
- 5 port ca PIC16F877A bao gm :
+ PORTA: 6 chn
+ PORTB: 8 chn
+ PORTD: 8 chn
+ PORTC: 8 chn
+ PORT E: 3 chn

1.2.3. Khai quat v chc nng cua cac port trong vi iu khin PIC16F877A
PORTA
n tch hp 1

Page
10

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

PORTA gm c 6 chn. Cc chn ca PortA, ta lp trnh c th thc hin


c chc nng hai chiu: xut d liu t vi iu khin ra ngoi vi v nhp d
liu t ngoi vi vo vi iu khin.
Vic xut nhp d liu PIC16F877A khc vi h 8051. tt ca cc PORT ca
PIC16F877A, mi thi im chi thc hin c mt chc nng :xut hoc nhp.
chuyn t chc nng ny nhp qua chc nng xut hay ngc li, ta phai x l
bng phn mm, khng nh 8051 t hiu lc no l chc nng nhp, lc no l
chc nng xut.
Trong kin trc phn cng ca PIC16F877A, ngi ta s dng thanh ghi
TRISA ia chi 85H iu khin chc nng I/O trn. Mun xc lp cc chn no
ca PORTA l nhp (input) th ta set bit tng ng chn trong thanh ghi TRISA.
Ngc li, mun chn no l output th ta clear bit tng ng chn trong thanh
ghi TRISA. iu ny hon ton tng t i vi cc PORT cn li
Ngoi ra, PORTA cn c cc chc nng quan trng sau :
- Ng vo Analog ca b ADC : thc hin chc nng chuyn t Analog sang
Digital
- Ng vo in th so snh
- Ng vo xung Clock ca Timer0 trong kin trc phn cng : thc hin cc
nhim v m xung thng qua Timer0
- Ng vo ca b giao tip MSSP (Master Synchronous Serial Port)
PORTB
PORTB c 8 chn. Cng nh PORTA, cc chn PORTB cng thc hin c 2
chc nng : input v output. Hai chc nng trn c iu khin bi thanh ghi
TRISB. Khi mun chn no ca PORTB l input th ta set bit tng ng trong
thanh ghi TRISB, ngc li mun chn no l output th ta clear bit tng ng
trong TRISB.
n tch hp 1

Page
11

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

Thanh ghi TRISB cn c tch hp b in tr ko ln c th iu khin c


bng chng trnh.
PORTC
PORTC c 8 chn v cng thc hin c 2 chc nng input v output di s
iu khin ca thanh ghi TRISC tng t nh hai thanh ghi trn.
Ngoi ra PORTC cn c cc chc nng quan trng sau :
- Ng vo xung clock cho Timer1 trong kin trc phn cng
- B PWM thc hin chc nng iu xung lp trnh c tn s, duty cycle:
s dng trong iu khin tc v vi tr ca ng c v.v.
- Tch hp cc b giao tip ni tip I2C, SPI, SSP, USART
PORTD
PORTD c 8 chn. Thanh ghi TRISD iu khin 2 chc nng input v output
ca PORTD tng t nh trn. PORTD cng l cng xut d liu ca chun giao
tip song song PSP (Parallel Slave Port).
PORTE
PORTE c 3 chn. Thanh ghi iu khin xut nhp tng ng l TRISE. Cc
chn ca PORTE c ng vo analog. Bn cnh PORTE cn l cc chn iu
khin ca chun giao tip PSP.

n tch hp 1

Page
12

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

1.3. Gii thi u v cm bin nhi t LM 35

Hnh 3: s chn ca cam bin nhi t LM 35


LM35 l cam bin nhi t analog ,nhi t c xc inh bng cch o
hi u i n th ng ra ca LM 35
n vi nhi t :0C
C mc i n p thay i trc tip theo 0C ( 10 mV/0C)
C hi u nng cao,cng sut tiu th l 60 uA
San phm khng cn phai cn chinh nhi t i khi s dng
chnh xc thc t : 1/4 0C nhi t phng v 0C ngoi khoang -55
0

C ti 150 0C

Chn + Vs (1) l chn cung cp i n p cho LM 35 DZ hot ng t 4 20


V
Chn Vout ( 2) l chn i n p u ra LM35 c a vo chn Analog ca
cc b ADC
n tch hp 1

Page
13

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

Chn GND l chn ni mass: Chn ny ny trnh hng cam bin cng nh
lm giam sai s qu trnh o.
1.4. Gii thiu v cm bin m DHT11
. Gii thiu:
- DHT11 l cam bin nhit v m. N ra i sau v c s dng
thay th cho dng SHT1x nhng ni khng cn chnh xc cao v nhit
v m.

Hnh 4 : S chn Cam bin DHT11

- DHT11 c cu to 4 chn nh hnh. N s dng giao tip s theo chun 1


dy.
n tch hp 1

Page
14

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

- Thng s k thut:
o Do m: 20%-95%
o Nhit : 0-50C
o Sai s m 5%
o Sai s nhit : 2C
2. Nguyn l hot ng:
- S kt ni vi x l:

- Nguyn l hot ng:


c th giao tip vi DHT11 theo chun 1 chn vi x l thc hin theo 2
bc:
o Gi tin hiu mun o (Start) ti DHT11, sau DHT11 xc nhn li.
o Khi giao tip c vi DHT11, Cam bin s gi li 5 byte d liu v
nhit o c.
n tch hp 1

Page
15

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

- Bc 1: gi tn hiu Start

o MCU thit lp chn DATA l Output, ko chn DATA xung 0 trong


khoang thi gian >18ms. Khi DHT11 s hiu MCU mun o gi tri nhit
v m.
o MCU a chn DATA ln 1, sau thit lp li l chn u vo.
o Sau khoang 20-40us, DHT11 s ko chn DATA xung thp. Nu >40us
m chn DATA ko c ko xung thp ngha l ko giao tip c vi
DHT11.
o Chn DATA s mc thp 80us sau n c DHT11 ko nn cao trong
80us. Bng vic gim st chn DATA, MCU c th bit c c giao tip
c vi DHT11 khng. Nu tn hiu o c DHT11 ln cao, khi hon
thin qu trnh giao tip ca MCU vi DHT.
- Bc 2: c gi tri trn DHT11
o DHT11 s tra gi tri nhit v m v di dng 5 byte. Trong :
Byte 1: gi tri phn nguyn ca m (RH%)
n tch hp 1

Page
16

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

Byte 2: gi tri phn thp phn ca m (RH%)


Byte 3: gi tri phn nguyn ca nhit (TC)
Byte 4 : gi tri phn thp phn ca nhit (TC)
Byte 5 : kim tra tng.
Nu Byte 5 = (8 bit) (Byte1 +Byte2 +Byte3 + Byte4) th gi tri m v
nhit l chnh xc, nu sai th kt qua o khng c ngha.
o c d liu:
Sau khi giao tip c vi DHT11, DHT11 s gi lin tip 40 bit 0 hoc 1
v MCU, tng ng chia thnh 5 byte kt qua ca Nhit v m.
Bit 0:

Bit 1:

n tch hp 1

Page
17

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

Sau khi tn hiu c a v 0, ta i chn DATA ca MCU c DHT11


ko ln 1. Nu chn DATA l 1 trong khoang 26-28 us th l 0, cn nu tn
ti 70us l 1. Do trong lp trnh ta bt sn ln ca chn DATA, sau
delay 50us. Nu gi tri o c l 0 th ta c c bit 0, nu gi tri o c
l 1 th gi tri o c l 1. C nh th ta c cc bit tip theo.
1.5. Gi thiu v phn t ban dn Triac
1.5.1. Cu to va k hiu

Hnh 5: Cu to v k hiu ca triac.


Triac l linh kin bn dn tng t nh hai Thyristor mc song song ngc,
nhng chi c mt cc iu khin. Triac l thit bi bn dn ba cc, bn lp. C th
n tch hp 1

Page
18

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

iu khin cho m dn dng bng ca xung dng (dng i vo cc iu khin) ln


xung dng m (dng i ra khi cc iu khin). Tuy nhin xung dng iu khin
m c nhy km hn, ngha l m Triac s cn mt dng iu khin m ln hn
so vi dng iu khin dng. V vy trong thc t am bao tnh i xng ca
dng in qua Triac th s dng dng iu khin m l tt hn ca.
*Nguyn l hot ng.
C 4 t hp in th c th m Triac cho dng chay qua:
B2

Trng hp MT2 (+), G(+). Thyristor T m cho dng chay qua nh mt


Thyristor thng thng.
Trng hp MT2 (-), G(-). Cc in t t N2 phng vo P2. Phn ln bi trng
ni ti EE1 ht vo, in p ngoi c t ln J 2 khin choBarie ny cao n mc
ht vo nhng in tch thiu s(cc in t ca P 1) v lm ng nng ca chng
ln b gy cc lin kt ca cc nguyn t Sillic trong vng. Kt qua l mt
phan ng dy chuyn th T m cho dng chay qua.

n tch hp 1

Page
19

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

1.5.2. c tuyn V-A.

Hnh 6: c tuyn V-A ca triac


Triac c ng c tnh V-A i xng nhn gc m trong ca hai chiu.
1.6. Cac linh kin in t thu ng.
1.6.1. in tr
a. Khai nim: in tr l linh kin in t th ng, dng lm vt can tr dng
in theo mong mun ca ngi s dng, i khi ngi ta dng in tr to ra
s phn cp in p mi vi tr bn trong mch in. i vi i tr th n c kha
nng lm vic vi ca tn hiu mt chiu (DC) v xoay chiu (AC) v c ngha l n
khng ph thuc vo tn s ca tn hiu tc ng nn n.
Trng hp i vi mt dy dn th tri s in tr ln hay nh s ph thuc vo
vt liu lm dy dn (in tr sut) v n ti l thun vi chiu di dy, t l nghich
vi tit din dy dn.

10

n tch hp 1

5W

6 ,8

10W

Page
20

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

in tr thng

Khoa in - in T

in tr Cng Sut

in tr Cng
Bin Tr
Sut

b.Phn loi.
- in tr thng: in tr thng l cc loi in tr c cng sut nh t
0,125W n 0,5W.
- in tr cng sut: l cc in tr c cng sut ln hn t 1W, 2W, 5W, 10W.
- in tr s, in tr nhit: L cch gi khc ca cc in tr cng sut, in tr
ny c v bc s, khi hot ng chng ta nhit.
- in tr dy cun: Loi in tr ny dng dy in tr qun trn than lp cch
in thng bng s, c tri s in p thp nhng cng sut lm vic ln t 1W
n 25W.
- in tr mng kim loi: Ch to theo cch kt lng mng Ni-Cr.

Tr thng
1.6.2. Bin tr.
- Bin tr l cc thit bi c in tr thun c th bin i c theo mun .
Chng c th dc s dng trong cc mch in iu chinh hot ng ca mch
in.
- in tr ca thit bi c th c thay i bng cch thay i chiu di ca dy
dn in trong thit bi, hoc bng cc tc ng khc nh nhit thay i bng
cach sthay i chiu di ca dy dn in trong thit bi, hoc bng cc tc ng
khc nh nhit thay i, nh sang hoc bc x in t,
n tch hp 1

Page
21

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

K hiu ca bin tr trong s mch in c th cc dng nh sau:

1.6.3. Tu in
a. Khai nim.
- Khi nim: T in l linh kin in t th ng c s dng rt rng ri trong
cc mch in t, chng c s dng trong cc mch lc ngun, lc nhiu, mch
truyn tn hiu xoay chiu, mch to dao ng.

- Hnh anh t in:

n tch hp 1

Page
22

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

T ha

T gm .

b.Phn loi :
- i vi t in c rt nhiu loi nhng thc t ngi ta phn ra thnh hai loi
chnh l t khng phn cc v t phn cc.
- T khng phn cc: Gm cc l kim loi ghp xen k vi lp cch in mng,
gi tri ca n thng t 1,8pF - 1F. Cn gi tri t ln hn th s c kch thc rt
ln khng tin ch to.
- T phn cc: C cu to gm 2 cc in cch ly nhau nh mt lp cht i phn
mng lm ijn mi. Lp in mi cng mng th tri s in dung cng cao. Loi
t ny c s phn cc c ghi trn than ca t, v th nu ni nhm cc tnh th
lp ijn mi s bi ph hy lm h hng t.
- Trong thc t chng ta thng gp cc loi t nh sau:
+ T gm: in mi bng gm thng c kch thc nh, dng ng hoc dng a
c trng kim loi ln b mt, tri s t 1pF - 1F v c in p lm vic tng i
cao.
+ T mica: in mi lm bng mica c trng bc, tri s t 2,2pF 10nF v thng
lm vic tn s cao, sai s nh, t tin.
n tch hp 1

Page
23

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

+ T giy polyste: Cht in mi lm bng giy p tm polyester c dng hnh tr,


c tri s t 1nF - 1F.
+ T ha (t in phn): C cu to l l nhm cng bt dung dich in phn cun
li t trong v nhm, loi ny c in p lm vic thp, kch thc v sai s ln,
tri s in dung khoang 0,1 F 4700 F.
+ T tan tang: Loi t ny c ch to hai dng hnh tr c u ra dc theo trc
v dng hnh tan tan.
T ny c kch thc nh nhng tri s in dung cng ln khoang 0,1 F - 100 F.
+ T bin i: L t xoay trong radio hoc t tinh chinh.
1.6.4. Diode
a. Khai nim: Diode l linh kin in t th ng, cho php dng in i qua n
theo mt chiu , s dng cc tnh cht ca cc cht bn dn.

b. Cu to va nguyn l hot ng
Cu to: Diode bn dn c cu to da trn chuyn tip P N ca hai cht
bn dn khc loi. in cc ni vi bn dn P gi l Anot cn in cc ni vi bn
dn N gi l Katot. Trong k thut in thng c k hiu nh sau:

n tch hp 1

Page
24

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

Nguyn l hot ng: Diode s dn in theo hai chiu khng ging nhau. Nu
phn cc thun th diode s dn in gn nh bo ha. Nu phn cc nghich th
diode dn in rt yu, thc cht chi c dng in r. Ni mt cch gn ng th
xem nh diode chi dn in mt chiu t Anot sang Katot, v y chnh l c tnh
chinh lu ca Diode bn dn.
c. Phn loi
- Theo cng dng th ta c: Diode n p, Diode pht quang, Diode thu quang,
Diode bin dung, Diode xung, Diode tc song, Diode tch sng.
+ Diode pht quang c s dng iu khin tivi, en led bin quang co, n
pht ra nh sang.

+ Diode chinh lu c ng dng trong b i ngun.

+ Diode bin dung c dng nhiu trong cc b thu pht sng in thoi, sng
cao tn, siu cao tn.
+ Diode tch sng l loi diode nh, v bng thy tinh v cn c gi l diode
tip im v mt tip xc gia hai cht bn dn P-N ti mt im trnh in
dung k sinh, Diode tch sng thng dng trong cc mch cao tn dng tch
song tn hiu.

n tch hp 1

Page
25

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

+ Diode nn in: L diode tip mt dng nn in trong cc b chinh lu


ngun AC 50 Hz. Diode ny thng c 3 loi l: 1A, 2A v 5A.
- Diode Zenner c cu to tng t nh diode thng nhng c hai lp bn dn PN ghp vi nhau. Diode Zener c ng dng trong ch phn cc ngc. Khi
phn cc thun Diode zenner nh diode thng nhng khi phn cc ngc Diode
Zenner s ghim li mt mc in p c ingj bng gi tri ghi trn Diode.

Diode Zenner
1.7. Linh kin in t tch cc.
1.7.1. Gii thiu v vi mch TCA 785.
Gii thiu chung: Vi mch TCA 785 l vi mch phc hp thc hin 4 chc nng
ca mt mch iu khin: To in p ng b, to in p rng ca, so snh v to
xung ra. TCA 785 do hang Simen ch to c s dng iu khin cc thit bi
chinh lu, thit bi iu chinh dng xoay chiu.
c trng:
-

D pht hin vic chuyn qua im khng.


phn vi ng dng rng ri
C th dung lm chuyn mch im khng.
Tng thch LSL.
C th hot ng 3 pha (3 IC).
Dng in ra 250 mA.
Min dc dng ln.

n tch hp 1

Page
26

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

- Dai nhit rng.


Nhim vu
To ra xung iu khin m thyristor vi gc m giam dn tng in p tai
n in p phng in.
K hiu:

Hnh 7 : S chn ca IC TCA785

Chc nng:
Chn

K hiu

Chc nng

GND

Chn ni t

Q2

u ra 2 ao

QU

Du ra U

n tch hp 1

Page
27

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

Q1

u ra 1 ao

VSYNC

Tn hiu ng b

Tn hiu cm

QZ

u ra z

VREF

in p chun

R9

in p to xung rng ca

10

C10

T to xung rng ca

11

V11

in p iu khin

12

C12

T to rng xung

13

Tn hiu iu khin xung ngn,


xung rng

14

Q1

u ra 1

15

Q2

u ra 2

16

VS

in p ngun nui

S cu to

n tch hp 1

Page
28

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

Hnh 8 : S cu to bn trong ca TCA 785

Dng sng dng in:


n tch hp 1

Page
29

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

Cac thng s cua TCA 785:


n tch hp 1

Page
30

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

Thng s

Dng tiu th

Gi tri Gi tri tiu Gi


min
biu(F= 50 max
HZ. VS=5V)
IS

in p vo iu khin , V11
chn 11tr khng vo
R11

tri n vi

4,5

6,5

10

MA

0,2

15

V10

MAX

1000

VS-2

300

Mch to rng ca
Dng np t

I10

Bin rng ca

V10

in tr mch np

R9

10
80
3

Thi gian sn ngn ca tP


xung rng ca

Ms

Tn hiu cm vo, chn 6


Cm

V6I

3.3

Cho php

V6H

3.3

Xung hp

V13

3.5

2.5

Xung rng

2.5

V
V

rng xung ra, chn 13

3.5

2.5

V
V

Xung ra chn 14,15

n tch hp 1

Page
31

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

in p mc cao

V14/V

VS-13

VS-2.5

VS

in p mc thp

15

0.3

0.8

1.0

rng xung hp

V14/V

20

30

rng xung rng

15

530

620

40

s/n

760

3.1

3.4

2x10-4

5x10-4

1/K

tP
in p iu khin
in p chun

VREF

2.8

Gc iu khin ng vi rsef
in
p chun

Tnh toan cac phn t bn ngoai


-Xung rng ca:
Ta c f = 50Hz => T = 1/f = 20ms
=>1 chu k xung rng ca : T1 = 10ms.
Sn ln : 9.5 ms
Sn xung : 0.5ms
Chn t rng ca:
C10
Thi im pht xung:

n tch hp 1

500pF (min)
tTr =

1 F (max)

V11 .R9 .C10


Vref .K

Page
32

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

Dng np t:

I10 =

in p trn t:

V10 =

Vref .K
R9

Vref .K .t
R9 .C10

TCA 785 do hng SIEMEN ch to c s dng iu khin cc thit bi chinh


lu, thit bi chinh dng in p xoay chiu.
C th iu chinh gc t 00 n 1800 in. Thng s ch yu ca TCA l:
- in p ngun nui: US= 15V
- Dng in tiu th: IS= 10mA
- in p ra: I= 50mA
- in p rng ca: URC max= (US- 2) V
in tr trong mch to in p rng ca: R9= (20 500) k
in p iu khin: U11 = - 0,5 (US 2) V
IS = 200 ( A)

Dng in ng b:
T in:
Tn s xung ra:

C10 = 0,5 ( F)
f = (10 500) Hz

Chn gi tri ngoi thc t: C10 = 104, C12 = 473 ,R9 = 33k.
Bin tr VR1= 10k.
- in p iu khin chn VR2 = 10k.
- Khu ng pha chn Rng pha = 1M.
Nguyn l lam vic cua TCA 785:

n tch hp 1

Page
33

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

TCA 785 l mt vi mch phc hp thc hin 4 chc nng ca mt mch iu


khin: t u in p ng b to in p rng ca ng b, so snh v to xung
ra. Ngun nui qua chn 16. Tn hiu ng b cly qua chn s 5 v s 1. Tn
hiu iu khin c a vo chn 11. Mt b nhn bit in p 0 s kim tra in
p ly vo chuyn trng thi v s chuyn tn hiu ny n b phn ng b. B
phn ng b ny s iu khin t C10; T C10 s c np n in p khng i
(quyt inh bi R9). Khi in p V10 t n in p V11 th mt tn hiu s c
a vo khu logic. Tu thuc vo bin in p iu khin V 11, gc m c th
thay i t 0 n 180o. Vi mi na chu k song mt xung dng xut hin Q 1,
Q2 . rng trong khoang 30-80s.
rng xung c th ko di n 180o thng qua t C12.
Nu chn 12 ni t th s c xung trong khoang n 180o.
Nguyn l hot ng ca khu to xung iu khin Thyristor:

in p li sau khi qua my bin p c h xung 12VAC a vo chn


s 5 v chn s 1 qua in tr R. Tn hiu iu khin Vdk c a vo chn 11 so
snh vi in p rng ca to bi t C10 cho ta xung iu khin thyristor c gc m
tng dn u ra chn 14 v 15. Khi xay ra ngn mch chn 16 nhn c tn
hiu cm, ti chn 14 v 15 khng cn tn hiu u ra.

n tch hp 1

Page
34

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

=>T yu cu thc tin ta chn IC TCA 785 do hng SIMEN san xut cng cc
linh kin i kem sau: C10= 104, C12= 473, R9= 33k ,R5= 1M,VR1= VR2= 10k

n tch hp 1

Page
35

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

CHNG 2: TNH CHN LINH KIN


2.1. Mch o m va nhit .
2.1.1. o nhi t
S dng cam bin LM35 vi phn giai l 10 mV/ 0C,dai nhi t o
c t -550C n 1500C .
c c gi tri ADC ta dng hm read_adc();
T gi tri ADC c c ta quy i li nhi t :
Chn ch ADC 10 bit ( ngha l ADC c gi tri t 0 n 1023 )
Ta c : read_adc() =1023
read_adc() = x
M t khc: C 10 ( m V )

; ng vi i n p 5V
; ng vi i n p ( x*5)/1023 (V)
; ng vi 1 0C

V y (x*5*10^3)/1023 (mV) ; ng vi (x*5*10^3)/(1023*10) = 0,489x 0C


2.1.2.o m
S dng cam bin DHT11 l cam bin o nhit v m nhng do gii hn
nhit o t 0-50 0C khng ph hp o nhit vi yu cu ca ti nn chi
s dng o m. L do chn DHT11 l v y l cam bin thng dng gi
thnh ph hp v kt ni giao tip vi MCU n gian.
Thng s k thut:
o Do m: 20%-95%
o Nhit : 0-50C
o Sai s m 5%
o Sai s nhit : 2C
2.2. Mch iu khin l nhit
Mch iu khin l nhit l mt mch iu p xoay chiu mt pha s dng IC tch
hp TCA785 iu chinh gc m ca Triac t iu chinh c in p lm
thay i sng bng en si t gip thay i nhit .
n tch hp 1

Page
36

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

2.2.1.Chn Triac va Cu ch bo v.
Da vo cc yu t c ban dng tai, s cn chn, iu kin tan nhit, in
p lm vic.
P: Cng sut inh mc ca tai Pm=100 W
U: in p inh mc U=220V
I : Dng in inh mc I=0.45 A
Khi :
- in p lm vic cc i ca triac:
U = K .U =

.220 = 311,13 V

- in p ca van cn chn:
U = Kdt . U = 1.8.311,13 = 560,034 V
Kdt l h s d tr in p. Chn Kdt=1.8
-

Dng in lm vic ca van c tnh theo dng hiu dng

Chn iu kin lm vic ca van: c cnh tan nhit khng c qut i lu.
Dng in inh mc ca van cn chn:
Ilv =30%Idmvan
=> Idmvan =0.45/0.3=1.5A
Vi cc thng s trn theo datasheet cng nh ph bin ngoi thi trng
chng em quyt inh la chn loi van sau :
BT-136 600E c cc thng s sau:
in p inh mc: Um = 600 V.
Dng in inh mc: Im = 4 A.
Dng in iu khin: Ik = 50 m A.
n tch hp 1

Page
37

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

in p iu khin: Uk = 1.5V.
Dng in r: Ir = 500 A .
Dng in duy tr: Ih = 15 mA.
St trn van khi m: U = 1.65 V.
Thi gian gi xung iu khin: tx = 2 s
Tc tng in p:

du
dt

= 500 V/ s.

Nhit lm vic cc i: T0C = 1250C.


Trn y l thng s em chn ng vi tai l ng c in mt pha cng sut
nh.cc gi tri ca ngun kh c th vt qua gi tri ny nn chng em quyt inh
s dung TCA 600E lm van mch lc.
Cc gi tri trn em ly trn datasheet ca triac
Vi cc gi tri ca van u p ng v st cc thng s yu cu ca bng en
nn chng em quyt inh s dng van ny trong mch
Chn cu ch tc ng nhanh bao v ngn mch ngun:
Icc = 1,1Ilv = 1,1.0.45 = 0,5 A.
Chn mt cu ch loi 1A.

CHNG 3: THIT K MCH


3.1. Mch o m va nhit .

n tch hp 1

Page
38

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

3.1.1.S khi.

Ngun nui

Khi hin
thi

Khi iu
khin

Cam bin

Hnh 8: S khi ca mch


3.1.2. Khi ngun nui.

Hnh 9 : Khi ngun nui.

Chc nng: Bin i dng in xoay chiu thnh dng mt chiu 5V cp cho
chn vo ca PIC 16F877A v LCD.

n tch hp 1

Page
39

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

Nguyn l hot ng: Dng in 12V xoay chiu qua cu chinh lu 3A lm bin
i t dng xoay chiu thnh dng mt chiu. Khi qua IC n p 7805 s cho dng
in c in p 5V n inh. Sau khi chinh lu cu in p 5V c cho qua t
1000F san phng in p to in p n inh cho IC n p 7805 v mc song
vi mt t gm loi b thnh phn sng hi ca in p xoay chiu sau IC
7805ta mc song song vi mt led bo mch iu khin c ngun.
3.1.3. S nguyn l mch o m va nhit

Hnh 10 : S nguyn l
3.1.4. Nguyn l lam vi c cua mch:

n tch hp 1

Page
40

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

Khi b x l c cp ngun, vi x l s khi to truyn d li u cho LCD


hin thi. Tip theo b vi x l s c d li u gi v t cam bin nhi t LM
35. D li u ny s c x l v tnh ton theo thu t ton m ngi vit l p
trnh. Sau khi c x l, b x l s gi kt qua ra mn hnh LCD.
Nguyn l hot ng ca mch:
- Nt nhn S1 l nt reset: 1 u ni GND, u cn li ni vi tr treo to
mc ln Vcc v ni vo chn MCLR/Vpp ca vi x l. Khi cha tc
ng chn MCLR/Vpp mc cao, b vi x l hot ng bnh thng.
Khi c tc ng th chn MCLR/Vpp c a xung mc thp, b
x l ngay l p tc c reset nhay v thc hi n cu l nh ngn nh
u tin ca b nh.
- LM35: Chn 1 l GND,chn 2 l Vout,chn 3 l Vcc. D li u chn 2 s
c a vo b c v chuyn i ADC c tch hp trong b x l
thng qua knh AN0.
- DHT11 : Chn 1 l Vcc,chn 4 l GND. . D li u chn 2 s c a
vo b c v chuyn i ADC c tch hp trong b x l thng qua
knh T1OSO.
- Khi to dao ng: gm thch anh 20MHz v 2 t t 33pF
- Khi hin thi LCD, gm 1 LCD 16x2. LCD c truyn d li u 4 bt t
vi iu khin qua cc chn D4, D5, D6, D7. Cn li D0, D1, D2, D3
khng x dng c ni GND. Ta cp ngung cho led mn hnh LCD
thng qua chn 15 v 16 ca LCD.

n tch hp 1

Page
41

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

mch ny ta chi x dng chc nng ghi d liu ln LCD ln chn


RW ta ni GND.
Bin tr tinh chinh R3 c tc dng iu chinh tng phan cho LCD
- Khi nt nhn iu khin, 1 u ni GND, 1 u ni vo chn vi iu
khin, c gn tr treo ln Vcc inh mc. Khi cha tc ng, in p
chn vi iu khin l 5V, khi nt nhn c nhn, in p chn vi iu
khin c ko xung mc 0.
3.1.5. S mch boar.

n tch hp 1

Page
42

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

3.2. Mch iu khin l nhit.


3.2.1 S khi .

Ngun
nui

Mch iu
khin

Mch
cch ly

Mch
lc

3.2.2. S ngun nui:

Chc nng: Bin i dng xoay chiu in p 15V thnh dng mt chiu cp cho
chn vo ca TCA785.
Nguyn l hot ng: Dng in 15V xoay chiu qua cu chinh lu 3A lm bin
i t dng xoay chiu thnh dng mt chiu.Khi qua IC n p 7815 s cho dng
in c in p 15V n inh.Sau khi chinh lu cu in p 15v c cho qua t
2200F san phng in p to in p n inh cho IC n p 7815 v mc song
vi mt t gm loi b thnh phn sng hi ca in p xoay chiu sau IC 7815
ta mc song song vi mt led bo mch iu khin c ngun.

n tch hp 1

Page
43

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

3.2.3. S mch iu khin

3.2.4. Nguyn l hot ng.


Khi cp ngun cho mch iu khin qua khi chinh lu in p 15V AC vo
cc chn 13,6,16 cho TCA 785 chn 5 ca mch ni vi in p xoay chiu 15V
sau my bin p to in p ng vi mch lc (mch lc v mch iu khin
chung ngun). to c xung rng ca sau khi tham khao s chn ca
datasheet chng em ni chn 12 vi mt t khng phn cc 22nF to rng
xung v mt t 68nF vo chn 10 to bin cho mch iu khin iu
khin c triac dng 2 bin tr 50k vo chn 11 diu khin rng xung qua
iu chinh gc m cho triac v t nhn c mt gi tri in p tng ng
trn tai . (cc chn cn li khng dng chng em chn giai php trng khng
ni mt). Xung ra t chn iu khin 14 iu chinh gc m phn in p dng,
chn 15 pht xung iu khin m phn in p m m cho triac ta c th
nhn c gi tri in p tng ng t cho tai t iu chinh c tc ng
c theo mun . an ton cho mch iu khin khng bi in p ngc t mch
lc s dng 2 diot chng ngc dng v qua mch cch ly quang s dng MOC
3020 nh chng em gii thiu. Mch lc c bao v bi cu ch 1A

n tch hp 1

Page
44

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

iu khin tc ng c ngi iu khin chi cn vn bin tr R11


nhn c gi tri in p tng ng gc m cng nh th in p t trn tai cng
ln v ngc li. Bin tr R9 iu chinh min cho gc m nh iu chinh
bin ca xung rng ca.

3.2.5. S mch boar.

n tch hp 1

Page
45

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

3.3. Khai bao, dinh nghia mot so thah ghi cho PIC16F887
#ifndef __DEF_16F887_H
#define __DEF_16F887_H
#byte PORTA

= 0x05

#byte PORTB

= 0x06

#byte PORTC

= 0x07

#byte PORTD

= 0x08

#byte PORTE

= 0x09

//Thanh Ghi Huong


#byte DDRA

= 0x85

#byte DDRB

= 0x86

#byte DDRC

= 0x87

#byte DDRD

= 0x88

#byte DDRE

= 0x89

/*********************PORTA**********************/
#bit PORTA4

= PORTA.4

#define PINA4 PORTA4


#bit PORTA3

= PORTA.3

#define PINA3 PORTA3


#bit PORTA2

= PORTA.2

#define PINA2 PORTA2


n tch hp 1

Page
46

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

#bit PORTA1

Khoa in - in T

= PORTA.1

#define PINA1 PORTA1


#bit PORTA0

= PORTA.0

#define PINA0 PORTA0


#bit DDRA0

= DDRA.0

#bit DDRA1

= DDRA.1

#bit DDRA2

= DDRA.2

#bit DDRA3

= DDRA.3

#bit DDRA4

= DDRA.4

/*********************PORTB**********************/
#bit PORTB7

= PORTB.7

#define PINB7 PORTB7


#bit PORTB6

= PORTB.6

#define PINB6 PORTB6


#bit PORTB5

= PORTB.5

#define PINB5 PORTB5


#bit PORTB4

= PORTB.4

#define PINB4 PORTB4


#bit PORTB3

= PORTB.3

#define PINB3 PORTB3


#bit PORTB2

= PORTB.2

#define PINB2 PORTB2


n tch hp 1

Page
47

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

#bit PORTB1

Khoa in - in T

= PORTB.1

#define PINB1 PORTB1


#bit PORTB0

= PORTB.0

#define PINB0 PORTB0


#bit DDRB0

= DDRB.0

#bit DDRB1

= DDRB.1

#bit DDRB2

= DDRB.2

#bit DDRB3

= DDRB.3

#bit DDRB4

= DDRB.4

#bit DDRB5

= DDRB.5

#bit DDRB6

= DDRB.6

#bit DDRB7

= DDRB.7

/*********************PORTC**********************/
#bit PORTC7

= PORTC.7

#define PINC7 PORTC7


#bit PORTC6

= PORTC.6

#define PINC6 PORTC6


#bit PORTC5

= PORTC.5

#define PINC5 PORTC5


#bit PORTC4

= PORTC.4

#define PINC4 PORTC4


#bit PORTC3
n tch hp 1

= PORTC.3
Page
48

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

#define PINC3 PORTC3


#bit PORTC2

= PORTC.2

#define PINC2 PORTC2


#bit PORTC1

= PORTC.1

#define PINC1 PORTC1


#bit PORTC0

= PORTC.0

#define PINC0 PORTC0


#bit DDRC0

= DDRC.0

#bit DDRC1

= DDRC.1

#bit DDRC2

= DDRC.2

#bit DDRC3

= DDRC.3

#bit DDRC4

= DDRC.4

#bit DDRC5

= DDRC.5

#bit DDRC6

= DDRC.6

#bit DDRC7

= DDRC.7

/*********************PORTD**********************/
#bit PORTD7

= PORTD.7

#define PIND7 PORTD7


#bit PORTD6

= PORTD.6

#define PIND6 PORTD6


#bit PORTD5

= PORTD.5

#define PIND5 PORTD5


n tch hp 1

Page
49

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

#bit PORTD4

Khoa in - in T

= PORTD.4

#define PIND4 PORTD4


#bit PORTD3

= PORTD.3

#define PIND3 PORTD3


#bit PORTD2

= PORTD.2

#define PIND2 PORTD2


#bit PORTD1

= PORTD.1

#define PIND1 PORTD1


#bit PORTD0

= PORTD.0

#define PIND0 PORTD0


#bit DDRD0

= DDRD.0

#bit DDRD1

= DDRD.1

#bit DDRD2

= DDRD.2

#bit DDRD3

= DDRD.3

#bit DDRD4

= DDRD.4

#bit DDRD5

= DDRD.5

#bit DDRD6

= DDRD.6

#bit DDRD7

= DDRD.7

/*********************PORTE**********************/
#bit PORTE2

= PORTE.2

#define PINE2 PORTE2


#bit PORTE1
n tch hp 1

= PORTE.1
Page
50

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

#define PINE1 PORTE1


#bit PORTE0

= PORTE.0

#define PINE0 PORTE0


#bit DDRE0

= DDRE.0

#bit DDRE1

= DDRE.1

#bit DDRE2

= DDRE.2

/*********************PORTE**********************/
#define DDROUT
#define DDRIN

0
1

#endif

3.4. Chng trnh iu khin kt ni PIC16F877A vi LM35 va DHT11.


#include <16F877a.H>
#include "DEF_16F887.h"
#device adc=10
#fuses
NOWDT,PUT,XT,NOPROTECT,HS,NOPUT,NODEBUG,NOBROWNOUT,NOL
VP,NOCPD,NOWRT
#use delay(clock=20000000) // TAN SO HOAT DONG
#use fast_io(a) // CHO PHEP CAC PORT XUAT NHAP NHANH HON
#use fast_io(b)
#use fast_io(c)
n tch hp 1

Page
51

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

#use fast_io(d)
#use fast_io(e)
#define DHT_ER

#define DHT_OK

#define DHT_DATA_OUT PORTC0


#define DHT_DATA_IN

PINC0

#define DHT_DDR_DATA DDRC0


#include <lcd_lib_4bit.c>
int16 adc;
int16 nhiet_do;
int8 dh_nhiet_do,dh_do_am;
VOID chuyen_doi_adc (void)
{
set_adc_channel(0);
delay_us (10);
adc = read_adc();
nhiet_do=adc*0.4887;
}
int8 DHT_GetTemHumi (int *tem,int8*humi)
{
int8 buffer[5]={0,0,0,0,0};
int8 ii,i,checksum;
n tch hp 1

Page
52

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

DHT_DDR_DATA=DDROUT; // set la cong ra


DHT_DATA_OUT=1;
delay_us(60);
DHT_DATA_OUT=0;
delay_ms(25); // it nhat 18ms
DHT_DATA_OUT=1;
//delay_us(40); // doi DHT dap ung trong vong 20us-40us
DHT_DDR_DATA=DDRIN;
delay_us(60);
if(DHT_DATA_IN)return DHT_ER ;
else while(!(DHT_DATA_IN)); //Doi DaTa len 1
delay_us(60);
if(!DHT_DATA_IN)return DHT_ER;
else while((DHT_DATA_IN));

//Doi Data ve 0

//Bat dau doc du lieu


for(i=0;i<5;i++)
{
for(ii=0;ii<8;ii++)
{
while((!DHT_DATA_IN));//Doi Data len 1
delay_us(50);
if(DHT_DATA_IN)
n tch hp 1

Page
53

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

{
buffer[i]|=(1<<(7-ii));
while((DHT_DATA_IN));//Doi Data xuong 0
}
}
}
checksum=buffer[0]+buffer[1]+buffer[2]+buffer[3];
//DHT_DDR_DATA=DDROUT;
//DHT_DATA_OUT=1;
if((checksum)!=buffer[4])return DHT_ER;
*tem = buffer[2];
*humi = buffer[0];
return DHT_OK;
}
VOID MAIN()
{
SET_TRIS_A (0XFF);
SET_TRIS_B (0x00);
enable_interrupts(GLOBAL);
setup_adc_ports(all_analog);
setup_adc(adc_clock_internal);
lcd_init ();
n tch hp 1

Page
54

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

lcd_putcmd(0x80);
lcd_putchar("ok");
WHILE(TRUE)
{
chuyen_doi_adc();
lcd_putcmd(0x80);
printf(lcd_putchar,"Nhiet do:%3ld *C",nhiet_do);
if(DHT_GetTemHumi(&dh_nhiet_do,&dh_do_am))
{
lcd_putcmd(0xC0);
printf(lcd_putchar,"Do Am:

%u",dh_do_am);

lcd_putchar("%");
}
}
}
3.5. Chng trnh iu khin kt ni LCD vi PIC16F877A.
#include <stddef.h>

#define LCD_RS PIN_B2


#define LCD_EN PIN_B3

#define LCD_D4 PIN_B4


n tch hp 1

Page
55

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

#define LCD_D5 PIN_B5


#define LCD_D6 PIN_B6
#define LCD_D7 PIN_B7

// misc display defines


#define Line_1 0x80
#define Line_2 0xC0
#define Clear_Scr 0x01

// prototype statements
#separate void LCD_Init ( void );// ham khoi tao LCD
#separate void LCD_SetPosition ( unsigned int cX );//Thiet lap vi tri con tro
#separate void LCD_PutChar ( unsigned int cX );// Ham viet1kitu/1chuoi len LCD
#separate void LCD_PutCmd ( unsigned int cX) ;// Ham gui lenh len LCD
#separate void LCD_PulseEnable ( void );// Xung kich hoat
#separate void LCD_SetData ( unsigned int cX );// Dat du lieu len chan Data
// D/n Cong
#use standard_io ( B )
#use standard_io (A)

//khoi tao LCD**********************************************


#separate void LCD_Init ( void )
n tch hp 1

Page
56

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

{
LCD_SetData ( 0x00 );
delay_ms(2);
output_low ( LCD_RS );// che do gui lenh
LCD_SetData ( 0x03 );
LCD_PulseEnable();
LCD_PulseEnable();
LCD_PulseEnable();
LCD_SetData ( 0x02 );
LCD_PulseEnable();
LCD_PutCmd ( 0x2C );
LCD_PutCmd ( 0b00001100);
LCD_PutCmd ( 0x06 );
LCD_PutCmd ( 0x01 );
}

#separate void LCD_SetPosition ( unsigned int cX )


{
/* this subroutine works specifically for 4-bit Port A */
LCD_SetData ( swap ( cX ) | 0x08 );
LCD_PulseEnable();
LCD_SetData ( swap ( cX ) );
n tch hp 1

Page
57

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

LCD_PulseEnable();
}

#separate void LCD_PutChar ( unsigned int cX )


{
/* this subroutine works specifically for 4-bit Port A */
output_high ( LCD_RS );
LCD_PutCmd( cX );
output_low ( LCD_RS );
}

#separate void LCD_PutCmd ( unsigned int cX )


{
/* this subroutine works specifically for 4-bit Port A */
LCD_SetData ( swap ( cX ) ); /* send high nibble */
LCD_PulseEnable();
LCD_SetData ( swap ( cX ) ); /* send low nibble */
LCD_PulseEnable();
}
#separate void LCD_PulseEnable ( void )
{
output_high ( LCD_EN );
n tch hp 1

Page
58

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

delay_us ( 10 ); // was 10
output_low ( LCD_EN );
delay_ms ( 5 ); // was 5
}

#separate void LCD_SetData ( unsigned int cX )


{
output_bit ( LCD_D4, cX & 0x01 );
output_bit ( LCD_D5, cX & 0x02 );
output_bit ( LCD_D6, cX & 0x04 );
output_bit ( LCD_D7, cX & 0x08 );
}

n tch hp 1

Page
59

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

CHNG 4: KT LUN
u im:
Phn cng c thit k nh gn v c lp rp theo kiu module nn d
dng thay th cng nh kim tra cc linh kin trong mch
Phn mm chy kh n inh, sai l ch nhi t trong khoang cho php.
C th ng dng trong thc t (o hin nhi t trong cc l p trng,trong cc
kho bao quan nng san, h gia nh ..)
Sau khi hon thnh n tch hp mc 1 " Thit k ch to mch o va hin
th nhi t m trong l in hin th trn LCD" chng em hc hi, trau
di c rt nhiu kin thc. Nhng kin thc ny c ch rt nhiu cho vic hc
tp v nghin cu chuyn ngnh in t cng nghip ca chng em. Chng em xin
chn thnh cam n thy Nguyn Vit Ng cng cc thy c gio trong b mn
gip chng em hon thnh n ny.
Trong qu trnh lm n do kin thc cn hn hp nn khng th trnh khi
nhng thiu st nn mong thy c v cc bn thng cam v b sung thm n
ca chng em c hon thin hn.

n tch hp 1

Page
60

Trng HSPKT Hng Yn

Khoa in - in T

Tai Li u Tham Kho


1. Gio trnh K thu t o Lng v Cam bin - Trng HSPKT Hng Yn
Ths Nguyn Ngc Minh
2. K thu t s PGS.TS Nguyn Quc Trung, Ths Bi Thi Kim Thoa
3. Ti li u vi iu khin PID 16F877A - Trng s quan chi huy k thu t
thng tin
4. Nguyn Thnh Long-in t c ban-Trng HSPKT Hng Yn-2010.
5. Xun Th-K thut in t-Trng H Bch Khoa-2006.
6. Gio trnh lp trnh C ng dng - Bi Trung Thnh.
7. Ti li u v Vi iu khin AT89C52

n tch hp 1

Page
61

You might also like