Corinne Cal

Carlos Nah
Elvis chi
Succession

1.
a. Barren
b. No
c. There is no soil, only rock, so roots would not be able to take hold and there
is also a lack of nutrients
2.
a. Small ferns, mosses and lichens
b. Seed blown by the wind, dropped by birds, etc.
3.
a. Diagram B
b. Low nutrient requirements, small or low growing shallow roots systems
4. Taller plants can receive more sunlight and shade out smaller plants therefore
decreasing the competition. More sunlight would increase the rate of
photosynthesis helping the plant grow
5. The number of pioneer organisms because they are struggling to survive
6. As the plant dies out, they decay and enrich the composition of the soil, adding
humus and nutrients.
7. Grazing animals would leave footprints for the seeds to lie in and leave manure to
fertilize the seeds. They consume early pioneer species to make room for the next
colonizers and aid in seed dispersal
8. The level of grazing can impact any further succession as the animals eat the
young plant shoots
9. Primary succession in the successive rise and fall of population of plants from
original colonizers to mature trees and shrubs, beginning with barren rock that has
no initial soil layer
10.
11.
The trees are taller so they can out-compete other plants for light, they are
slower growing so they can withstand short term changes in conditions
12.
Temperature, amount of light and length of day and water availability.
13.
a. The climax community
b. A fire has burned the forest and destroyed it
c. Natural lightning or man started the fire
d. The process of succession will have to start over again
14.
Yes evidence is provided in diagram F, where once again a climax community
is established
15.
There is no colonizing by lichens and mosses as soil or some other substrate
is already present. This speeds up the recovery time from hundreds of years to
tens of years
16.
Because the already present climax community was set back by the fire and
is starting form an area with soil rather than starting from a barren land
17.

a.
b.
c.
d.

Primary succession
Secondary succession
Secondary succession
Primary succession
18.
Not always. Man is responsible for deforestation by cutting down trees for
lumber or land development
19.
Forest managements, controlled burning, managed animal grazing
20.
Selective logging will open up small spaces for light penetration, which
allows existing saplings to grow rapidly and fill in the gaps. Clear cutting of large
areas will open up land and begin the process of full decondary succession so the
area will take longer to regenerate.