Unit B - Functions

Checklist of Things You Should Know

How to determine if a relation is a function: ordered pairs or graph
How to determine if a function is one-to-one: ordered pairs or graph
Find values of f(x) from a graph given x.
Find values of x from a graph given f(x).
Determine the domain and range of a function: ordered pairs and graph
Functions that have restrictions on the domain (there are three in this unit)
lii Graph the following functions from their equation: line, quadratic,
absolute value, square root, cube root, exponent, logarithm
Calculate the value in an account with compounded interest (given the
formula)
Find the inverse of a function: algebraically, graphically, ordered pairs
Write in words what an exponential or logarithm equation represents.
Find the equivalent exponential function given a logarithm function.
Find the equivalent logarithm function given an exponential function.

Be sure to go to MyMathLab under the Homework tab and scroll below all of the
quizzes to the 'Practice' problems. Review problems from sections for which you need
more practice. This is not graded so you can jump around and find problems you need
to work, use the help features, and check your answers.
Also make sure to look at the activities we worked on in class. Make sure you have the
correct answers and that you understand how to do the problems.

3.6 Activity
Functions
WARM-UP
1. The set of possible values for the input or x-coordinate of a function of x is
called the
2. The set of possible values for the output or y-coordinate of a function of x
is called the
3. When we talk about determining the domain of a function, what are the
two types of functions that can cause restrictions? How do we find the domain
of those functions?

4. How can you tell by looking at ordered pairs if they are a function or not?

5. How can you tell by looking at a graph if it represents a function or not?

xj7 - zx= (x)f

t+ zx- =(x)f

tOpom
inoic mous) saniun uopounj paluollpu! am pug tuogounj uant2 amp lima JoA t7

Hi

. p

i Jo udaT2

Si

*o

uogounj
gova Jamatim autItualap of Tsai aun feopiaA am asil E
`(I --`g) `0 -`L)) .44

{(z`i-)`(o`i-)`(z-`t-)`(7`T-)1 -e
-

uopounj u swasaidal sltuod Jo las amp atuullaTaa

*Z

{0-`0`0-`0`0-`0`(T-`L)}

:11

:a

{(z`t-)`(o` T-) `(z-I-)`( eT -)1

:uogelou has u! suopuiai 5u!molloj a pjo a5uui pur u!utuop

331131/11d

alpm .1

5. Find the domain of each of the following functions. Write your answer in
interval notation:
a. f (x) = 3x 2

b. f (x)= 2x + 5

c. f (x)=

d.

f(
.x./

2x
3x-4

6. Use the graphs below to answer the given questions:

a.

f (-2) =

Find the value(s) of x where/ (x) =1.

f(5) =
)= -3
f(
Find the value(s) of x where f (x) = 2.
Write the domain off :
Write the range off :

b.

t4

g(2) =
Find the value( i) of x where g(

- - - 4.

g(0)=

g(___)= 2
What is the slope, m, of this line?
Write the domain of g :
Write the range of g :

c.

-6 . -4

1 : 1

1,61

- -2
-4

h (-1) =

Find the value(s) of x where h(x)= 0.

h(-4) =
h(

). 2

Find the value(s) of x where h(x) = 2.

Write the domain of h :
Write the range of h :

d.

p(4)=
Find the value(s) of x where p(x) =1.
p(-2).
Find the value(s) of x where p(x) = 4.
What is the slope of p where x > 2?
Write the domain ofp :
Write the range of p :

illitl
-6 . -4 . -2

I P"
r. V

8.2 Activity
Function Graphs
WARM-UP

Draw the basic shape of each of the following functions:

Linear

Square Root

Quadratic (x2)

Absolute Value

PRACTICE

A bit of review first:

Use the graph of the function f(x) to find each value.

Use the graph of the function f(x) to find each value.

5

1. f(2)

5. f(0)

2. f( 1)

6. f(l)

3. Find x such that f(x) = 3.

7. Find x such that f(x) = 2.

4. Find x such thatf(x) = 0.

8. Find x such that f(x) = 3.

Sketch the following graphs (use tables where indicated)

9. f(x) = x

10

10

f(x) = x+3

2
1111111111

2 4 6 8 10

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2

No table needed

-2

2 4 6 8 10

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2
-2

No table needed

-4

-4

-6

-6
-8

-8

-10

-10

f(x) = x2 -F 3

10. f(x) = x2

10

10

f(x)

f(x)

8
6

6
4

2
i

-10 -8 -6

-4

-2

10

til

-4

ti

illia

-10 -8 -6

-2

-2

-4

-4

-6

-e

-8

-8

-10

-10

ll

li

III

10

f(x) = I x- 31

11. f(x)= Ix1- 3

10

10 -

-2

f(x)

8-

f(x)

6-

4-

4
2_

2ii11111111

2 4 6 8 10

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2

1111111

- 2 4 6 8 10

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2

-2

-2

-4

-4

-6

-6

-8

-8
-10

-10

Remember that there are restrictions on the domain of square root functions. First determine the
domain of the function, then create the table and graph it.
f(x) = ../. 4

12. f(x) =

10

10

f(x)

f(x)

8
6

i 6 6 ib

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2

-2

-4

-4

-6

-6

-8

-8

-10

-10

13. f(x) = Vx 4

10
8
6
4
2
-

2 4 6 8 10

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2

-2

10 -8 -6 -4 -2
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10

10

13. Match the story on the left with a graph on the right.

As an example for #6, Tom starts out walking so the f(x) value should be increasing at a steady rate
because the distance from home is increasing. When he stops at the store he remains the same
distance from home so f(x) should remain constant. Then he runs home so f(x) should be decreasing.
Since E and G both meet this criteria we have to look at the slope. Walking would be a flatter slope than
running which would be steeper.
A

1 Tom ran from his home to the bus

stop and waited. He realized that
he had missed the bus so he
walked home.

2 Opposite Tom's home is a hill.

Tom climbed slowly up the hill,
walked across the top. and then
ran quickly down the other side.

Tune

Time
D

3 Tom skateboarded from his

house, gradually building up
speed. He slowed down to avoid
some rough ground, but then
speeded up again.

4 Tom walked slowly along the road,

5 Tom left his home for a run, but he

was unfit and gradually came to a
stop!

6 Tom walked to the store at the end

stopped to look at his watch,

realized he was late, and then
started running_

nr'''' ''''''..2

of his street. bought a newspaper,

and then ran all the way back.

Tome

7 Tom went out for a walk with some

friends. He suddenly realized he
had left his wallet behind. He ran
home to get it and then had to run
to catch up with the others.

8 This graph is just plain wrong

How can Tom be in two places at
once?

Time
9 After the party, Tom walked slowly
all the way home.

10 Make up your own story!

Tome
F

a _Ad
5

Tune

ml
.o....''''......

Time
I

Time

6
Time

111IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIho..

10.1 Activity
Graphing Roots
WARM-UP

1. When graphing roots, what type of roots have restrictions on their domain?

2. Sketch the basic shape of the following roots:

Cube Root

Square Root

PRACTICE
Sketch the following graphs (use tables), first indicate the domain:

f (x)

1- 3
f(x) =157

1.

10

10

f(x)

= Vi 2

f(x)

2
2 4 6 8 10

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2

2 4 6 8 10

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2

-2

-2

-4

-4

-6

-6

-8

-8

-10

-10

11

.t.oloao
111

h
X

X
i

a)

ta. 01 CO 0
11111111

1111111111

/4J

01

co

OD

11.11

12.2 Activity
Inverse Functions - Graphs and Algebra
WARM-UP
1. What does it mean for a function to be one-to-one?

2. Give an example of a one-to-one function and an example of a function that

is not one to one.
a. Ordered pairs for a one-to-one function
b. Ordered pairs that are not a one-to-one function
c. Graph a one-to-one function d. Graph a function that is not one-to -one
10

10

2
2 4 6 8 10

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2
-2
-4
-6
-8
-10

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2

2 4 6 8 10
-2
-4
-6
-8

-10

3. For inverse functions, what two key components switch places with each
other?

4. What are the steps for finding an inverse of a function algebraically?

PRACTICE

1. Determine whether each is a function and if it is a one-to-one function. If it is

one-to-one, list the inverse function. If it is not a function write "Not a Function"
if it is not one-to-one write "Not 1-1".

a. f = {(5,-8),(-1,-2),(-4,1),(2,-5)1

f l=

b. g = {(2,19),(1,7),(-1,7),(0,3))

c. h = {(6,4),(3,2), (-3, 2),(0,0)1

h'=
q -1 =

d. q = {( 1, 2),( 5, 4), (3, 2),(7,-4)1

-

t ={(7,6),(3,1),(-7,2),(0,1)}

t -I =

f. v =1(14, 5), (7, 1), (6, 0), (5, 4)1

v -1 =

g. w =1(3, 2), (9,14), (0,2), (3,6))

w=

h. k = 1(0,1),(2,0), (-2, 8),(4,1)1

k'_

e.

2. Recall that iff and f' are inverse functions, then they should be symmetric over
the line
c. Also, if (a, b) is a point on the graph off the (b,a) will be a point on
the graph off '. One each graph, draw a dashed line for y=x and then use the
graph off to graph's-ion the same axes. The first one has been started for you.

2. (continued) Graph the line dashed line y--x and then graph the inverse.

3. Let f (x) =

x+3.

a. The point (2,6) is on the graph of f . What point must be on the graph of
f' ?

b. Find f -' (x) algebraically .

c. Graph f and f -1 on the axes and label which is which. Draw a dashed
line for y = x.
10
8
6
4
2
i

lllllll

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2

llllll

2
-2
-4
-6
-8

-10

4 6 8 10

REVIEW

1. Sketch an example of the following functions. If they are one-to-one, sketch

their inverse on the same axes. List the coordinates of at least four points for both
functions.
10

Square Root

8
6

f(x)

4
2
1111111111

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2

.......

11

2 4 6 8 10

-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
10
8

Cube Root

6
4

f(x)

f(x)

2
1111111111111

.......

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2

2 4 6 8 10

-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
10

Quadratic

8
6
4
2
1111111111

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2

_ 2 4 6 8 10
-2
-4
-6

-8
-10

12.3 Activity
Graphing Exponentials
WARM-UP

1. For the basic function f (x) = bX what ordered pair is on the graph regardless of
what 'b' is?
2. The domain of the basic exponential function f (x) = bX is

and the

range is
PRACTICE

Sketch the following graphs (use tables). List the domain and range of each function.
f(x) = 2x

1.

R:

D:

2. f (x) = 2x - 1 D:

R:
10

10

f(x)

f(x)

2
2 4 6 8 10

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2

-4

-6

-6

-8

-8

-10

-10

4.

R:

f(x) = -2 x D:

R:
10

10

f(x)

lb

-2

-4

f (x) = 2 x-1 D:

2 4 6 8

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2

-2

3.

f(x)

6
4

2
2 4 6 8 10

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2

2 4 6 8 10

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2

-2

-2

-4

-4

-6

-6

-8

-8

-10

-10

f(x) = D r

5.

D:

R:

6.

f(x) = ( 21 r - 1 D:

R:
10

10

f(x)

f(x)

2
,

llllll

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2

1111

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2

2 4 6 8 10

2 4 6 8 10

-2

-2

-4

-4

-6

-6

-8

-8

-10

-10

Application:
A common application of an exponential functions involves financial calculations
r rt
represents the amount of
involving compounded interest. The formula A = P (1 +
;7,-

money in an account (A) when a principle (P) amount is invested at a given percentage
rate (r) in decimal form, for a given number of years (t), when the interested is
compounded (n) times a year.
Determine the Amount accrued in an account (write out the equation and round answers
to the nearest penny):
1. Initial investment = $2000, interest rate = 5.2% compounded monthly, invested
for 7 years.

2. Initial investment = $5300, interest rate = 3.25% compounded weekly, invested

for 5 years.

3. Initial investment = $200, interest rate = 4.5% compounded quarterly, invested for
10 years.

12.5 Activity

Graphing Logarithms and

Exponential and Logarithm Equivalencies
WARM-UP

1. A logarithm is the inverse of what type of function?

2. What is the domain of the basic logarithm f (x) = logs x?
3. What point is on the graph of the basic logarithm f (x) = logs x?
PRACTICE

Determine the inverse function of each logarithm and place values for that function
in the table with f -1 (x). Fill in the f(x) table and then plot both graphs on the same
axes. You may also draw the dashed line y = x.
1.

f (x) = 1092 x
10
x

f(x)

6
4
2
-10 -8 -6 -

_ 2 4 6 8 10
-2
-4
-6
-8

2.

-10

f (x) = log3 x

10
x

f(x)

6
4
2

,,,,,,,

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2

2 4 6 8 10
-2
-4
-6
-8

-10

The equation y = bx is equivalent to the equation x = logby and both can be read
as "x is the power to which b is raised to get y"
For each of the following, first write the equation in words and then write the
equivalent exponential equation.
3.

3 = 10918 1000

4.

4 = 1093 81

5.

5 = 1092 32

6.

2 = 1og8 64

For each of the following, first write the equation in words and then write the
equivalent logarithmic equation.
7.

43 = 64

8.

62 = 36

9.

5 5 = 3125

10.

106 = 1,000,000

Another Approach to Graphing Logarithms

In the video, the logarithm graphs were generated by:
1.

Finding the exponential ordered pairs (table)

2.

Switching the x and y coordinates to generate new ordered pairs (table)

3.

Plotting the new ordered pairs.

The purpose was so that you could really see that these functions (exponentials and logarithms)
are INVERSES of each other.
It is not the most efficient way to graph, so I want you to work on the more efficient way.
We are going to use the definition of a logarithm to figure out our coordinates.
For the function f (x) = log, x in Problem #1 on your handout, when we plug in a value for x, we
are trying to determine to what power we would raise 2 to get that value.
1

2 )= log,(2i means that we want to know 'to what power do I raise 2 to get 2 ?'
f

f (1) = log, 1

means that we want to know 'to what power do I raise 2 to get 1?'

f (2)

means that we want to know 'to what power do I raise 2 to get 2?'

= log 2 2

f (4) = log 2 4

means that we want to know 'to what power do I raise 2 to get 4?'

f (8) = log 2 8

means that we want to know `to what power do I raise 2 to get 8?'

Try creating the tables for each of the graphs using this technique.

Unit B Review
Use the graph of the function to find each value.

-4-11F

I )1

1. Find f(0).
2. Find f(-2).
3. Find all values of x such that f(x) = 3.

3.

4. Find all values of x such that f(x) = 0.

4.

5. Find the domain

5.

6. find the range.

6.

7. find the domain of the function f (x) = x

8. What other type of function do you have to

worry about when determining the domain?
Give an example and indicate the domain.

8.

2x 1

9. Sketch the graphs of the following functions:

a. f(x) =lx-21
b. f(x) = 3x-5
c. f(x) =

-1; + 5

d. f(x) =

+1

e. f(x) =
f. f(x) = log3x
g. f(x) = x2 3

10. If an investor has $12,000 and invests it in a

fund that pays 4.5% that is compounded daily for
8 years, how much money would they have at the
end of the 8 years?

10.

11. Give examples of the following:

a. 4 ordered pairs that would be a function

11 a.

b. 4 ordered pairs that would not be a function

11b.

c. 4 ordered pairs that would be a function, but

not one-to-one

11c.

12. What is the name of the test to determine if a graph

represents a function?

12.

13. What is the name of the test to determine if a function 13.

is one-to-one?
14. Rewrite 9 = 3 2 as a logarithmic equations

14.

15. Rewrite 2 = log11121 as an exponential equation

15.

16. Write your answer to #14 out in words

16.