FIG.

10-1
Nomenclature
A
Ai
Ab
Ax
At

=
=
=
=
=

area of heat transfer surface, sq ft

inside surface of tube, sq ft
outside bare tube surface, sq ft
outside extended surface of tube, sq ft
tube inside cross-sectional area, sq in. (see Fig 9-25)

ACFM = actual cubic feet per minute

APF = total external area/ft of fintube, sq ft/ft
APSF = external area of fintube, sq ft/sq ft of bundle face area
AR

= area ratio of fintube compared to the exterior area of 1 in. OD

bare tube
= correction factor, psi (see Fig 10-14)
= specific heat at average temperature, Btu/(lb F)

NR
Nt
P
PF
a

=
=
=
=
=

w
P
PWL

=
=
=

PWLN =
Q
rd

=
=

rf

= overall weighted level of sound at a point distant from noise

source based on "A" weighting system

rmb

D
Di
Do
DR

=
=
=
=

fan diameter, ft
inside tube diameter, in.
outside, tube diameter, in.
density ratio, the ratio of actual air density to the density of dry
air at 70 F and 14.7 psia, 0.0749 lb/cu ft (see Fig 10-16)

rmx
R
R
RPM

=
=
=
=

f
F
Fa
Fp

=
=
=
=

friction factor (see Fig 10-15)

correction factor (see Fig 10-8)
total face area of bundles, sq ft
air pressure drop factor, in. of water per row of tubes

S
SPL
t
T

=
=
=
=

B
Cp

CMTD = corrected mean temperature difference, F

dB(A)

FAPF

= fan area per fan, ft2/fan

FPM
g

= fan tip speed, feet per minute

= local acceleration due to gravity, ft/s2

W
Y

=
=

G
Ga

= mass velocity, lb/(sq ft s)

= air face mass velocity, lb/(hr sq ft) of face area

=
=

Gt

= tubeside mass velocity, lb/(sq ft s)

ha
hs

= air side film coefficient, Btu/(h sq ft F)

= shell side film coefficient based on outside tube area, Btu/(h sq
ft F)
ht
= tube side film coefficient based on inside tube area, Btu/(h sq
ft F)
HP
= fan horsepower
J
= J factor (see Fig 10-13)
k
= thermal conductivity, Btu/[(hr sq ft F)/ft]
L
= length of tube, ft
LMTD = log mean temperature difference, F
N
= number of rows of tubes in direction of flow
Nf
= number of fans
NP
= number of tube passes

Subscripts
a
b
s
t
x
1
2

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

e
modified Reynolds number, (in lb)/(sq ft s cp)
number of tubes
pressure drop, psi
fan total pressure, inches of water
density of air, lb/cu ft
density of water, lb./cu ft
temperature ratio (see Fig 10-8)
sound pressure level
PWL for Nf fans
heat transferred, Btu/h
fouling resistance (fouling factor), (hr ft2 F/Btu)
fluid film resistance (reciprocal of film coefficient)
metal resistance referred to outside bare surface
metal resistance referred to outside extended surface
distance in feet (see Eq 10-6)
temperature ratio (see Fig 10-8)
fan speed, rotations per minute

specific gravity (water = 1.0)

sound pressure level
temperature air side, F
temperature tube side, F
overall heat transfer coefficient, Btu/(h ft2 F)
mass flow, lb/hr
correction factor, psi/ft (see Fig 10-14)
temperature change, F
viscosity, cp
viscosity at average tube wall temperature, cp
viscosity gradient correction

Subscripts
air side
bare tube surface basis
shell side
tube side
extended tube surface basis
inlet
outlet

Example 10-1 Procedure for determining a rough, preliminary heat transfer surface area, required plot space, and fan p
exchanger
Required data
Fluid
Heat Load, Q

=
=

Process Cooling Water

20,000,000

=
=
=
=
=
=

300
150
100
0.002
Linear
0.25

=
=
=
=

Forced draft, 2 fans

1 in OD, 5/8 in high fins
2-3/8 in triangular
4 tube passes, 6 rows of tubes

1. Pick an appropriate overall heat transfer

coefficient, Ux

5.2

2. Determine the appropriate external area of

fintube per sq.sf. of bundle area

169.6

3. Determine the LMTD correction factor

4. Assume t2 and calculate the CMTD, with

countercurrent temperature profile.

200

Calculate CMTD = (F)(LMTD)

72.1

5. Calculate Ax

53,319

6. Based on APSF, calculate the air-side face

area, Aa

314.4

7. Calculate the air side mass flow rate(Wa)

using Aa and based on a typical face velocity of
600 Std. ft/min

848,829

8. Check actual t2 from exchanger (t2,actual)

194.25

Temperature In
Temperature out
Ambient temperature
Fouling factor
Heat release curve
Cp air
Basic Assumptions
Type
Fintube
Tube pitch
Bundle layout
First Trial

9. Repeat steps 4 through 8 by iterating t2 until

convergence is achieved

196.2

Recalculation of Step 4, CMTD

Recalculation of Step 5, Ax
Recalculation of Step 6, Aa
Recalculation of Step 7, Wa
Recalculation of Step 8, t2,actual

=
=
=
=
=

73.65
52,219
307.9
831,321
196.2

The recalculated Step 6, face area (Aa), shows a bay size of 10 ft X 30 ft (300 sq.ft) will be adequate.
Bay width
Bay length

=
=

10
30

Calculate fan horsepower by extrapolating from

two 40 BHP fans on a 15 ft X 45 ft unit.

18

Length to width ratio is typically 3:1

Truck shippable units do not exceed 15 ft X 45 ft

The sample calculations, equations and spreadsheets presented herein were developed using examples published in the Enginee
While every effort has been made to present accurate and reliable technical information and calculation spreadsheets based on
The Calculation Spreadsheets are provided without warranty of any kind including warranties of accuracy or reasonableness of
In no event will the GPA or GPSA and their members be liable for any damages whatsoever (including without limitation, thos
These calculation spreadsheets are provided to provide an Operational level of accuracy calculation based on rather broad as

ce area, required plot space, and fan power for an air-cooled

Btu/hr
F
F
F
hr-ft2-degF/Btu
Btu/lb-degF

Btu/hr-ft2-degF (see Fig 10-10, for Process Water and 5/8 inch by 10)

ft2/ft2

Dimensionless. Use 1.0 for 3 or more tube passes, otherwise use Figs. 10-8 or 109.
degF
degF
sq. ft.
sq. ft.

lb/hr

F
F
sq. ft.
sq. ft.
sq. ft.
F

(300 sq.ft) will be adequate.

ft
ft
bhp per fan (two required)

using examples published in the Engineering Data Book as published by the Gas Processor Suppliers Association as a service to the gas pro
n and calculation spreadsheets based on the GPSA Engineering Data Book sample calculations, the use of such information is voluntary and
ranties of accuracy or reasonableness of factual or scientific assumptions, studies or conclusions, or merchantability, fitness for a particular
oever (including without limitation, those resulting from lost profits, lost data or business interruption) arising from the use, inability to , ref
acy calculation based on rather broad assumptions (including but not limited to; temperatures, pressures, compositions, imperial curves, site

Example 10-1 Procedure for determining a rough, preliminary heat transfer surface area, required plot space, and fan p
cooled exchanger
Required data
Fluid
Heat Load, Q

=
=

Process Cooling Water

20,000,000

=
=
=
=
=
=

300
150
100
0.002
Linear
0.25

=
=
=
=

Forced draft, 2 fans

1 in OD, 5/8 in high fins
2-3/8 in triangular
4 tube passes, 6 rows of tubes

1. Pick an appropriate overall heat transfer

coefficient, Ux

5.2

2. Determine the appropriate external area

of fintube per sq.sf. of bundle area

169.6

3. Determine the LMTD correction factor

4. Assume t2 and calculate the CMTD, with

countercurrent temperature profile.

200

Calculate CMTD = (F)(LMTD)

72.1

5. Calculate Ax

53,319

6. Based on APSF, calculate the air-side

face area, Aa

314.4

7. Calculate the air side mass flow rate(Wa)

using Aa and based on a typical face
velocity of 600 Std. ft/min

848,829

8. Check actual t2 from exchanger

(t2,actual)

194.25

Temperature In
Temperature out
Ambient temperature
Fouling factor
Heat release curve
Cp air
Basic Assumptions
Type
Fintube
Tube pitch
Bundle layout
First Trial

9. Repeat steps 4 through 8 by iterating t2

until convergence is achieved

196.2

Recalculation of Step 4, CMTD

Recalculation of Step 5, Ax
Recalculation of Step 6, Aa
Recalculation of Step 7, Wa
Recalculation of Step 8, t2,actual

=
=
=
=
=

73.65
52,219
307.9
831,321
196.2

The recalculated Step 6, face area (Aa), shows a bay size of 10 ft X 30 ft (300 sq.ft) will be adequate.
Bay width
Bay length

=
=

10
30

Calculate fan horsepower by extrapolating

from two 40 BHP fans on a 15 ft X 45 ft
unit.

18

Length to width ratio is typically 3:1

Truck shippable units do not exceed 15 ft X 45 ft

pliers Association as a service to the gas processing industry. All information and calculation formulae has been compiled and edited in coo
the use of such information is voluntary and the GPA and GPSA do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, efficacy or timeliness of such
s, or merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose or non-infringement of intellectual property.
uption) arising from the use, inability to , reference to or reliance on the information in thes Publication, whether based on warranty, contrac
ressures, compositions, imperial curves, site conditions etc) and do not replace detailed and accurate Design Engineering taking into accoun

ransfer surface area, required plot space, and fan power for an air-

Btu/hr
F
F
F
hr-ft2-degF/Btu
Btu/lb-degF

rows of tubes

Btu/hr-ft2-degF (see Fig 10-10, for Process Water and 5/8 inch by 10)

ft2/ft2

Dimensionless. Use 1.0 for 3 or more tube passes, otherwise use Figs. 10-8 or 10-9.

degF
degF
sq. ft.
sq. ft.

lb/hr

F
F
sq. ft.
sq. ft.
sq. ft.
F

ft X 30 ft (300 sq.ft) will be adequate.

ft
ft
bhp per fan (two required)

ulation formulae has been compiled and edited in cooperation with Gas Processors Association (GPA).
accuracy, completeness, efficacy or timeliness of such information. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, calculation metho

thes Publication, whether based on warranty, contract, tort or any other legal theory and whether or not advised of the possibility of such da
d and accurate Design Engineering taking into account actual process conditions, fluid properties, equipment condition or fowling and actua

l product, calculation method, process, or service by trade-name, trademark, and service mark manufacturer or otherwise does not constitute

of the possibility of such damages.

ondition or fowling and actual control set-point dead-band limitations.

r otherwise does not constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation or favoring by the GPA and/or GPSA.

Example 10-2 Part 1 -- Procedure for estimating transfer surface, plot area, and horsepower
Given Data:
Required Data For Hot Fluid
Name and Phase
Physical Props at avg temp
Specific Heat
Cp
Viscosity

Thermal Conductivity k
Heat Load
Q
Flow Quantity
Wt
Temperature In
T1
Temperature Out
T2
Fouling Factor
rdt
Allowable Press Drop Pt
Required Data For Air
Ambient Temperature t1
Elevation
CPair
Air density, 70 degF, sea level
Density Ratio Air DR, air
Basic Assumptions
Type
Fintube
Do

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

48API
200
0.55
0.51
0.0766
15,000,000
273,000
250
150
0.001
5

hydrocarbon liquid
F
Btu/(lb F)
cp
Btu/[(hr sq ft F)/ft]
Btu/hr
lb/hr
F
F
(hr sq ft F)/Btu
psi

=
=
=

100
Sea level
0.24

F
See Fig 10-16 for Altitude Correction
Btu/(lb F)

0.0749

0.94

dimensionless

=
=

2
1
0.625
2.5
3
4
30

Fans, Forced Draft

in. OD
in. high fins
in. triangular ()
tube passes
rows of tubes
ft long tubes

107.2
5.58

sq.ft./sq.ft.
sq ft/ft
in2
in.
dimensionless

Tube pitch
=
Bundle Layout
NP
=
N
=
L
=
Data Collected From Figures in Text
APSF
=
APF
=
At
Di

=
=
=

0.5945
0.87
0.96

k [(Cp )/k]1/3
AR

=
=

0.12
21.4

lb/cu.ft

sq.ft./sq.ft.
sq ft/sq ft

To determine Approximate Air Temperature Rise

ta

[(Ux+1)/10] [((T1+T2)/2)-t1]
See Intermediate Calculations below.

To determine t2
t2

t1 + ta

LMTD

(GTTD-LTTD)/ln(GTTD/LTTD)

CMTD

LMTD F1

To determine LMTD

To determine CMTD

To determine Outside Extended Surface of Tube

Ax

Q/(Ux CMTD)

To determine Total Face Area of Bundles

Fa

Ax/APSF

Width

Fa/L

Ax/(APF L)

To determine the Unit Width

To determine the Number of Tubes

Nt

To determine the Tubeside Mass Velocity

Gt

(144 Wt Np)/(3600 Nt At)

To determine the Modified Reynolds Number

NR

To determine the Tube-Side Pressure Drop

(Di Gt)/

Pt

[(f Y L Np)/] + (B Np)

Intermediate Calculations (not shown)

1. Pick Approximate Overall Transfer Coefficient from Fig 10-10
Ux
2. Calculate Approximate Air Temperature Rise
ta
=
t2

[(4.2+1)/10] [((250+150)/2)-100]

3. Calculate CMTD
Hydrocarbon
Air

100 + 52
hot side
250
152
98

cold side
150
100
50

GTTD
LTTD
LMTD

(98-50)/[ln(98/50)]
Alternatively, use Fig. 9-3 LMTD diagram

71.3 1.0

15000000/(4.2 53.5)

Use Fig 9-4 to Find F1

F1
CMTD
4. Calculate Required Surface
Ax

5. Calculate Face Area Using APSF factor from Fig 10-11

Fa

6. Calculate Unit Width with Assumed Tube Length

Width
=

50,700/107.2

465/30

7. Calculate the Number of Tubes Using APF factor from Fig 10-11
Nt
=
50,070/(5.58 30)

8. Calculate Tube-Side Mass Velocity from Assumed number of passes and reading At from Fig 9-25 for a 1 in. OD x 16 BWG
Gt

(144 273000 3)/(3600 299 0.5945)

9. Calculate Modified Reynolds number

NR
=

(0.87 184)/0.51

10. Calculate Tube-Side Pressure Drop using Equation from Fig 10-14 and Fig 10-15
Use Fig 10-14 to find Y and B
Y
B
Use Fig 10-15 to find f using NR
f
Pt
=
[(0.0024 14.5 30 3)/0.96] + (0.25 3)
CONTINUED ON NEXT TAB "EXAMPLE 10-2 PART 2"

The sample calculations, equations and spreadsheets presented herein were developed using examples published in the Enginee
While every effort has been made to present accurate and reliable technical information and calculation spreadsheets based on
The Calculation Spreadsheets are provided without warranty of any kind including warranties of accuracy or reasonableness of
In no event will the GPA or GPSA and their members be liable for any damages whatsoever (including without limitation, thos
These calculation spreadsheets are provided to provide an Operational level of accuracy calculation based on rather broad as

ower

Example 10-2 Part 1 -- Procedure for estimating transfer

Given Data:
Required Data For Hot Fluid
Name and Phase
Physical Props at avg temp
Specific Heat
Cp
Viscosity

Thermal Conductivity k
Heat Load
Q
Flow Quantity
Wt
Temperature In
T1
Temperature Out
T2
Fouling Factor
rdt
Allowable Press Drop Pt
Required Data For Air
Ambient Temperature t1
Elevation
CPair

or Altitude Correction

Air density, 70 degF, sea level

Density Ratio Air DR, air
Basic Assumptions
Type
Fintube
Do

Fig 10-11
Fig 10-11

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Tube pitch
=
Bundle Layout
NP
=
N
=
L
=
Data Collected From Figures in Text
APSF
=
APF
=

Fig 9-25
Fig 9-25
Fig 10-19

At
Di

=
=
=

Fig 10-12
Fig 10-11

k [(Cp )/k]1/3
AR

=
=

To determine Approximate Air Temperature Rise

ta

To determine t2
t2

LMTD

CMTD

To determine LMTD
Fig 9-3
To determine CMTD

To determine Outside Extended Surface of Tube

Ax

To determine Total Face Area of Bundles

Fa

Width

To determine the Unit Width

To determine the Number of Tubes

Nt

To determine the Tubeside Mass Velocity

Gt

To determine the Modified Reynolds Number

NR

To determine the Tube-Side Pressure Drop

Fig 10-14, 10-15

Pt

Intermediate Calculations (not shown)

1. Pick Approximate Overall Transfer Coefficient from Fig
=

4.2

Btu/(h ft2 F)

52

152

Ux
2. Calculate Approximate Air Temperature Rise
ta
=
t2

3. Calculate CMTD
Hydrocarbon
Air

=
=

98
50

F
F

GTTD
LTTD

71.3

LMTD

Use Fig 9-4 to Find F1

=

1.00

71.3

F1
F

CMTD

4. Calculate Required Surface

=

50,070

ft2

Ax

5. Calculate Face Area Using APSF factor from Fig 10-11

=

465

ft2

15.50

ft

299

184

6. Calculate Unit Width with Assumed Tube Length

Width
=

7. Calculate the Number of Tubes Using APF factor from F

Nt
=

Fig 9-25 for a 1 in. OD x 16 BWG tube

=

Fa

8. Calculate Tube-Side Mass Velocity from Assumed numbe

lb/(ft2 sec)

Gt

314

9. Calculate Modified Reynolds number

NR
=

=
=

14.5
0.25

10. Calculate Tube-Side Pressure Drop using Equation from

Use Fig 10-14 to find Y and B
Y
B

0.0024

4.0

psi/ft
psi/tube pass

Use Fig 10-15 to find f using NR

f
psi

Pt

examples published in the Engineering Data Book as published by the Gas Processor Suppliers Association as a service to the gas processin
calculation spreadsheets based on the GPSA Engineering Data Book sample calculations, the use of such information is voluntary and the G
s of accuracy or reasonableness of factual or scientific assumptions, studies or conclusions, or merchantability, fitness for a particular purpo
(including without limitation, those resulting from lost profits, lost data or business interruption) arising from the use, inability to , reference
alculation based on rather broad assumptions (including but not limited to; temperatures, pressures, compositions, imperial curves, site cond

ure for estimating transfer surface, plot area, and horsepower

48API
200
0.55
0.51
0.0766
15,000,000
273,000
250
150
0.001
5

hydrocarbon liquid
F
Btu/(lb F)
cp
Btu/[(hr sq ft F)/ft]
Btu/hr
lb/hr
F
F
(hr sq ft F)/Btu
psi

100
Sea level
0.24

F
See Fig 10-16 for Altitude Correction
Btu/(lb F)

0.0749

lb/cu.ft

0.94

dimensionless

2
1
0.625
2.5
3
4
30

Fans, Forced Draft

in. OD
in. high fins
in. triangular ()
tube passes
rows of tubes
ft long tubes

107.2
5.58

sq.ft./sq.ft.
sq ft/ft

0.5945
0.87
0.96

in2
in.
dimensionless

n Text

0.12
21.4

sq.ft./sq.ft.
sq ft/sq ft

emperature Rise
[(Ux+1)/10] [((T1+T2)/2)-t1]
See Intermediate Calculations below.

t1 + ta

(GTTD-LTTD)/ln(GTTD/LTTD)

LMTD F1

Surface of Tube
Q/(Ux CMTD)
Bundles
Ax/APSF

Fa/L

Ax/(APF L)
Velocity
(144 Wt Np)/(3600 Nt At)

olds Number

sure Drop

(Di Gt)/

[(f Y L Np)/] + (B Np)

shown)

ansfer Coefficient from Fig 10-10

=

4.2

[(4.2+1)/10] [((250+150)/2)-100]

52

100 + 52

152

=
=

98
50

71.3

1.00

71.3 1.0

71.3

15000000/(4.2 53.5)

50,070

50,700/107.2

465

465/30

15.50

299

emperature Rise

hot side
250
152
98

cold side
150
100
50

(98-50)/[ln(98/50)]
Alternatively, use Fig. 9-3 LMTD diagram

PSF factor from Fig 10-11

sumed Tube Length

es Using APF factor from Fig 10-11

50,070/(5.58 30)

locity from Assumed number of passes and reading At from Fig 9-25 for a 1 in. OD x 16 BWG tube
(144 273000 3)/(3600 299 0.5945)

184

number
(0.87 184)/0.51

314

=
=

14.5
0.25

0.0024

4.0

e Drop using Equation from Fig 10-14 and Fig 10-15

[(0.0024 14.5 30 3)/0.96] + (0.25 3)

service to the gas processing industry. All information and calculation formulae has been compiled and edited in cooperation with Gas Pro
mation is voluntary and the GPA and GPSA do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, efficacy or timeliness of such information. Referen
fitness for a particular purpose or non-infringement of intellectual property.
e use, inability to , reference to or reliance on the information in thes Publication, whether based on warranty, contract, tort or any other lega
s, imperial curves, site conditions etc) and do not replace detailed and accurate Design Engineering taking into account actual process cond

Fig 10-11
Fig 10-11
Fig 9-25
Fig 9-25
Fig 10-19
Fig 10-12
Fig 10-11

Fig 9-3

Fig 10-14, 10-15

Btu/(h ft2 F)

F
F

F
F
F

ft2

ft2

ft

BWG tube
lb/(ft2 sec)

psi/ft
psi/tube pass

psi

compiled and edited in cooperation with Gas Processors Association (GPA).

ficacy or timeliness of such information. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, calculation method, process, or service by tr

based on warranty, contract, tort or any other legal theory and whether or not advised of the possibility of such damages.
gineering taking into account actual process conditions, fluid properties, equipment condition or fowling and actual control set-point dead-b

hod, process, or service by trade-name, trademark, and service mark manufacturer or otherwise does not constitute or imply endorsement, re

ctual control set-point dead-band limitations.

does not constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation or favoring by the GPA and/or GPSA.

Example 10-2 Part 2 -- Procedure for estimating transfer surface, plot area, and horsepower Continued

Given Data:
Required Data For Hot Fluid
Name and Phase
Physical Props at avg temp

=
=

48 degAPI

hydrocarbon liquid
F

Specific Heat
Cp
Viscosity

Thermal Conductivity k
Heat Load
Q
Flow Quantity
Wt
Temperature In
T1
Temperature Out
T2
Fouling Factor
rdt
Allowable Press Drop Pt
Required Data For Air
Ambient Temperature t1
Elevation
CPair

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

200
0.55
0.51
0.0766
15,000,000
273,000
250
150
0.001
5

=
=
=

100
Sea Level
0.24

Air density, seal level, 70

degF
Density Ratio Air DR, air
Basic Assumptions
Type
Fintube
Do

0.0749

lb/cu ft

0.94

lb/cu ft

=
=

2
1
0.625
2.5
3
4
30

Fans, Forced Draft

in. OD
in. high fins
in. triangular ()
tube passes
rows of tubes
ft long tubes

107.2
5.58

sq ft/ft

Tube pitch
=
Bundle Layout
NP
=
N
=
L
=
Data Collected From Figures in Text
APSF
=
APF
=
At
Di

=
=
=

0.5945
0.87
0.96

k [(Cp )/k]1/3
AR

=
=

0.12
21.4

Btu/(lb F)
cp
Btu/[(hr sq ft F)/ft]
Btu/hr
lb/hr
F
F
(hr sq ft F)/Btu
psi
F
See Fig 10-16 for Altitude Correction
Btu/(lb F)

in2
in.

sq ft/sq ft

Calculated Data from Example 10-2 Part 1

Assumed Ux
ta
t2
CMTD

=
=
=
=

4.2
52
152
71.33

Btu/(h ft2 F)
F
F
F

Ax

50070

ft2

Fa
Width
Nt

=
=
=

465
15.50
299

ft2
ft

Gt
NR
Pt

=
=
=

184
314
4.0

lb/(ft2 sec)
psi

To determine the Tube-Side Film Coefficient

ht

Wa

[J (k ((Cp )/k)1/3) ]/Di

See Intermediate Calculations below.

To determine Air Quality

Q/(0.24 ta)

To determine Air Face Mass Velocity

Ga

Wa/Fa

Ax/Ai

(AR Do)/Di

To determine Ax/Ai

To determine Overall Transfer Coefficient

1/Ux

[(1/ht) (Ax/Ai)] + [(rdt (Ax/Ai)] + rmx + (1/ha)

To determine Minimum Fan Area Per Fan

FAPF
To determine Fan Diameter

(0.4 Fa)/Nf

[(4 FAPF)/]0.5

To determine Air Static Pressure Drop

Pa

(Fp N)/DR

Wa/(DR 60 DR, air)

Pa + [ACFM/(4005 (( D2)/4))]2 DR

To determine Actual Air Volume

ACFM
To determine the fan Total Pressure
PF

To determine the Brake Horsepower Per Fan

bhp

[(ACFM/fan) PF]/(6356 0.7)

Intermediate Calculations (not shown)

11. Calculate Tube-Side Film Coefficient using Equation from Fig 10-13
Using Fig 10-13 to find J Factor using NR = 314 from Part 1.
J
ht

(1900 0.12 0.96)/0.87

Wa

15000000/(0.24 52)

12. Calculate Air Quantity

13. Calculate Air Face Mass Velocity

Ga
=

1201923/465

14. Read Air-Side Film Coefficient from Fig 10-17

ha
15. Calculate Overall Transfer Coefficient
Ax/Ai
=
1/Ux

(21.4 1.0)/0.87
[(1/252) 24.6] + (0.001 24.6) + (1/8.5)
Note: rmx is ommitted since metal resistance is small
compared to other resistances

Ux

1/0.240
If Ux calculated is equal or slightly greater than Ux
assumed at beginning and calculated pressure drop is
within allowable pressure drop then the solution is
acceptable. Otherwise repeat steps 1-15 assuming a new
Ux between original assumed value and calculated value

16. Calculate Minimum Fan Area

FAPF

(0.4 465)/2

[(4 93)/]0.5

17. Calculate Fan Diameter

D

18. Calculate Air Static Pressure Drop

Ta, avg
=

(100+152)/2

Use Fig 10-18 to find Fp using Ga

Fp

Use Fig 10-16 to find DR using Ta, avg

DR
Pa

(0.1 4)/0.94

19. Calculate Actual Air Volume using DR of Air at Fan Inlet

ACFM
=
1201923/(0.94 60 0.0749)
20. Approximate Fan Total Pressure using DR of Air at Fan and Fan Area
PF

0.43 + [142261/(4005 (( 112)/4))]2 0.94

21. Approximate Brake Horsepower Per Fan, using 70% Fan Efficiency
Fan Efficiency
bhp
=
(142261 0.56)/(6356 0.7)
Actual Fan Motor needed for 92% Efficient Speed reducer
bhp
Calculate Extended Surface Area

17.81/0.92

15.5 30

465 107.2

One Unit having

49,848
11
2

ft2 of extended area

ft diameter fans
hp fan drivers

The sample calculations, equations and spreadsheets presented herein were developed using examples published in the Enginee
While every effort has been made to present accurate and reliable technical information and calculation spreadsheets based on
The Calculation Spreadsheets are provided without warranty of any kind including warranties of accuracy or reasonableness of
In no event will the GPA or GPSA and their members be liable for any damages whatsoever (including without limitation, thos
These calculation spreadsheets are provided to provide an Operational level of accuracy calculation based on rather broad as

epower Continued

Example 10-2 Part 2 -- Procedure for estimating transfer

Given Data:
Required Data For Hot Fluid
Name and Phase
Physical Props at avg temp
Specific Heat
Cp
Viscosity

Thermal Conductivity k
Heat Load
Q
Flow Quantity
Wt
Temperature In
T1
Temperature Out
T2
Fouling Factor
rdt
Allowable Press Drop Pt
Required Data For Air
Ambient Temperature t1
Elevation
CPair

or Altitude Correction

Air density, seal level, 70 degF

Density Ratio Air
Basic Assumptions
Fintube

DR, air
Type
Do

Fig 10-11
Fig 10-11

Tube pitch
Bundle Layout
NP
N
L
Data Collected From Figures in Text
APSF
APF

Fig 9-25
Fig 9-25
Fig 10-19

At
Di

Fig 10-12
Fig 10-11

k [(Cp )/k]1/3
AR

Calculated Data from Example 10-2 Part 1

Assumed Ux
ta
t2
CMTD
Ax
Fa
Width
Nt
Gt
NR
Pt
To determine the Tube-Side Film Coefficient
Fig 10-13

ht
To determine Air Quality
Wa
To determine Air Face Mass Velocity
Ga
To determine Ax/Ai
Ax/Ai
To determine Overall Transfer Coefficient
1/Ux
To determine Minimum Fan Area Per Fan
FAPF
To determine Fan Diameter

D
To determine Air Static Pressure Drop
Pa
To determine Actual Air Volume
ACFM
To determine the fan Total Pressure
PF
To determine the Brake Horsepower Per Fan
bhp

Intermediate Calculations (not shown)

1,900

252

11. Calculate Tube-Side Film Coefficient using Equation fro

Using Fig 10-13 to find J Factor using NR = 314 from Part 1
J
ht
12. Calculate Air Quantity

1,201,923

lb/hr

Wa
13. Calculate Air Face Mass Velocity

2,585

8.5

24.6

0.240

lb/hr-sq.ft. face area

Btu/(hr-degF-ft2)

Ga
14. Read Air-Side Film Coefficient from Fig 10-17
ha
15. Calculate Overall Transfer Coefficient
Ax/Ai
1/Ux

4.17

Btu/(h ft2 F)

Ux

16. Calculate Minimum Fan Area

=

93.0

ft2

FAPF
17. Calculate Fan Diameter

11

126

ft

18. Calculate Air Static Pressure Drop

Ta, avg
Use Fig 10-18 to find Fp using Ga

0.1

0.94

0.43

=
=

22,671
11,335

in. H2O/row of tubes

Fp

Use Fig 10-16 to find DR using Ta, avg

DR
in. H2O

Total
per Fan

Pa

19. Calculate Actual Air Volume using DR of Air at Fan Inl

ACFM

20. Approximate Fan Total Pressure using DR of Air at Fan

=

=
=

0.43

in. H2O

PF

21. Approximate Brake Horsepower Per Fan, using 70% Fa

Fan Efficiency
bhp

0.7
1.09

Actual Fan Motor needed for 92% Efficient Speed reducer

=
=
=

0.92
1.2
2

hp
hp

bhp
Calculate Extended Surface Area

465

ft2

49,848

ft2

A
One Unit having

g examples published in the Engineering Data Book as published by the Gas Processor Suppliers Association as a service to the gas process
d calculation spreadsheets based on the GPSA Engineering Data Book sample calculations, the use of such information is voluntary and the
ies of accuracy or reasonableness of factual or scientific assumptions, studies or conclusions, or merchantability, fitness for a particular purp
r (including without limitation, those resulting from lost profits, lost data or business interruption) arising from the use, inability to , referen
calculation based on rather broad assumptions (including but not limited to; temperatures, pressures, compositions, imperial curves, site con

cedure for estimating transfer surface, plot area, and horsepower Continued

id
=

48 degAPI

hydrocarbon liquid

200

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

0.55
0.51
0.0766
15,000,000
273,000
250
150
0.001
5

Btu/(lb F)
cp
Btu/[(hr sq ft F)/ft]
Btu/hr
lb/hr
F
F
(hr sq ft F)/Btu
psi

=
=
=

100
Sea Level
0.24

F
See Fig 10-16 for Altitude Correction
Btu/(lb F)

0.0749

0.94

dimensionless

=
=
=
=
=
=

2
1
0.625
2.5
3
4
30

Fans, Forced Draft

in. OD
in. high fins
in. triangular ()
tube passes
rows of tubes
ft long tubes

=
=

107.2
5.58

sq ft/ft

=
=
=

0.5945
0.87
0.96

=
=

0.12
21.4

lb/cu ft

es in Text

in2
in.

sq ft/sq ft

mple 10-2 Part 1

=
=
=
=

4.2
52
152
71.33

Btu/(h ft2 F)
F
F
F

50070

ft2

=
=
=

465
15.50
299

ft2
ft

=
=
=

184
314
4.0

lb/(ft2 sec)
psi

Film Coefficient
=

[J (k ((Cp )/k)1/3) ]/Di

See Intermediate Calculations below.

Q/(0.24 ta)

Wa/Fa

(AR Do)/Di

[(1/ht) (Ax/Ai)] + [(rdt (Ax/Ai)] + rmx + (1/ha)

(0.4 Fa)/Nf

Velocity

er Coefficient

Area Per Fan

[(4 FAPF)/]0.5

(Fp N)/DR

Wa/(DR 60 DR, air)

Pa + [ACFM/(4005 (( D2)/4))]2 DR

[(ACFM/fan) PF]/(6356 0.7)

ure Drop

ume

essure

epower Per Fan

not shown)

m Coefficient using Equation from Fig 10-13

ctor using NR = 314 from Part 1.
=

1,900

(1900 0.12 0.96)/0.87

252

15000000/(0.24 52)

1,201,923

1201923/465

2,585

8.5

24.6

0.240

Velocity

fficient from Fig 10-17

er Coefficient
=
=

(21.4 1.0)/0.87
[(1/252) 24.6] + (0.001 24.6) + (1/8.5)
Note: rmx is ommitted since metal resistance is small
compared to other resistances

1/0.240
If Ux calculated is equal or slightly greater than Ux assumed at
beginning and calculated pressure drop is within allowable
pressure drop then the solution is acceptable. Otherwise repeat
steps 1-15 assuming a new Ux between original assumed value
and calculated value

4.17

(0.4 465)/2

93.0

[(4 93)/]0.5

11

(100+152)/2

126

0.1

0.94

(0.1 4)/0.94

0.43

1201923/(0.94 60 0.0749)

=
=

22,671
11,335

0.43

=
=

0.7
1.09

=
=
=

0.92
1.2
2

Area

sure Drop

ng Ga

ng Ta, avg

ume using DR of Air at Fan Inlet

=

Pressure using DR of Air at Fan and Fan Area

=

0.43 + [142261/(4005 (( 112)/4))]2 0.94

sepower Per Fan, using 70% Fan Efficiency

=

(142261 0.56)/(6356 0.7)

92% Efficient Speed reducer

Area

17.81/0.92

15.5 30

465

465 107.2

49,848

49,848
11
2

ft2 of extended area

ft diameter fans
hp fan drivers

n as a service to the gas processing industry. All information and calculation formulae has been compiled and edited in cooperation with Ga
nformation is voluntary and the GPA and GPSA do not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, efficacy or timeliness of such information. Re
ility, fitness for a particular purpose or non-infringement of intellectual property.
om the use, inability to , reference to or reliance on the information in thes Publication, whether based on warranty, contract, tort or any othe
sitions, imperial curves, site conditions etc) and do not replace detailed and accurate Design Engineering taking into account actual process

Fig 10-11
Fig 10-11
Fig 9-25
Fig 9-25
Fig 10-19
Fig 10-12
Fig 10-11

Fig 10-13

lb/hr

lb/hr-sq.ft. face area

Btu/(hr-degF-ft2)

Btu/(h ft2 F)

ft2

ft

in. H2O/row of tubes

in. H2O

Total
per Fan
in. H2O

hp
hp

ft2
ft2

d and edited in cooperation with Gas Processors Association (GPA).

timeliness of such information. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, calculation method, process, or service by trade-nam

n warranty, contract, tort or any other legal theory and whether or not advised of the possibility of such damages.
g taking into account actual process conditions, fluid properties, equipment condition or fowling and actual control set-point dead-band limi

cess, or service by trade-name, trademark, and service mark manufacturer or otherwise does not constitute or imply endorsement, recommen

trol set-point dead-band limitations.

constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation or favoring by the GPA and/or GPSA.

LIMITS
Limit air out temp to 200 degF. Prevent damaging fan blades, bearings, V-belts.
Use forced air fan for process fluids above 350 degF. Prevent fan blade and bearing failure.
Angle condensing surfaces to allow positive drainage.
Fan size ranges from 3 to 28 ft. diameter.
Limit fan tip air speed to 12,000 fpm.
Use V-belt drives up to about 30 bhp. Gear drives above 30 bhp.
Limit driver size to 50 bhp.
Use tension wrapped finned tubes for service below 400 deg F process fluid.
Air face velocity is typically 600 SCF/min.
For warm air recirculation, keep air flow below 500 ft/min.
Truck shippable air coolers do not exceed typically 15 ft X 45 ft
Avoid placing bank of coolers downwind from other heat gererating equipment.

Normally, the bank should be oriented such that the wind flows parallel to the long axis of the bank o

earing failure.

e long axis of the bank of coolers.