ATSEP12 Aviation Law Booklet

2015
JEANSON
Philippe
ATSEP12 Aviation law

ATS regulation
ATSEP12
AVIATIONLAW
Courseprsentation
1.
ICAO Presentation and Regulation Texts
2.
Altimetry and Altimeter Setting
3.
Aircraft, Air traffic, Rules of the Air, Flight Plan
4.
ATS Route, Airspace, Aerodrome, Services, Units
5.
Phraseology, Clearances and Co-ordinations
6.
Aerodrome Control
7.
Approach Control
8.
En-route Control
9.
Alerting Services
1.
ICAOPresentation andRegulation Texts
International CivilAviation Organisation
Some events ...
1919:ParisConvention
1928:Panamerican ConventionofHavana
7december 1944:ChicagoConvention
Chicago sConvention
Aims :
- internationalcivilaviationshall be developed ina
safe andorderly manner
- internationalairtransportservicesshall be
established onthebasisofequality ofopportunity and
operated soundly andeconomically
safe
In1944,52Statessigned theConvention
Today,191Statessigned it
ICAO
Structure:
- anassembly (legislative body)
- acouncil (executive body)
- theairnavigationcommission
ICAO
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
ICAO
decisions
ICAO
executive
COUNCIL
Special
Permanents Commissions
recommendations
ANC
Air Transport
Finance
Comittee
Comittee
Committees
FANS ..
Experts groups from Commissions
SARPS
PANS
Manuals
ATMCP, AWOP, AMCP, ATNP, OPLINK

(ADSP), SASP ( RGSSP), GNSSP (NSP:
Navigation Systems Panel), SCRSP (SICASP)
General
Secretary
General Secretary
Divisions
- Air Nav Bureau
- Air Transport Bureau
- Technical Coop Bureau
- Legal Bureau
- Administration and Services
Planification
activities
Regional
Meetings
Regional
Offices
ICAO
Mainpublications:
Standards& Recommended Practices(SARPs)
Procedures forAirNavigationServices(PANS)
Complementary regional procedures (SUPPS)
Manuals
ANNEXEStotheConventiononICAO
Annex 1
Annex 19
Annex 01
Licences
Annex 02
Airrules (SERAat European Level)
Annex 03
Meteorological assistancetotheinternationalaviation
Annex 04
Aeronautical maps
Annex 05
Measurements units
Annex 06
Aircraft technical exploitation(3volumes)
Annex 07
Aircraft identification
Annex 08
Aircraft navigability certificate
Annex 09
Facilitation
Annex 10
Aeronautical telecommunications (5volumes)
Annex 11
Airtraffic services(SERAatEuropean Level)
Annex 12
Search AndRescue
Annex 13
Accidentsinvestigation
Annex 14
Airfield (vol1,2)
Annex 15
Aeronautical InformationsServices
Annex 16
Environment
Annex 17
Safety
Annex 18
Safety according tothedangerous goods
Annex 19Safety Management

PANSRAC
doc4444ATM(RAC3at frenchnationallevel )
PANSOBS
technical exploitationof aircraft (vol1,2)
PANSABC
ICAOcodesandacronyms
Doc7030
supplementary regional procedures
ICAO
Standards& Recommended Practicesarespecified in
the annexes totheconvention.Thereare19annexes.
Examples:
Annex 1:personnellicencing
Annex
2:rules
oftheair
Annex
2: rules
of the air
.....
Annex 10:aeronautical telecommunications
Annex
11:airtraffic
services
Annex
11: air traffic
services
.....
Annex 15:aeronautical informationservice
ICAO
Standards:
Any specification which is recognized as necessary forthe
safety orregularity ofinternationalairnavigation
Contracting stateswill comply with theconvention.
Ifunable tocomply,they havetonotify differences tothe
council.
Example ofstandard:
when two aircraft areonahead oncourse,or
approximately so andthere is dangerofcollision,each shall
alterits heading totheright
ICAO
Recommended practices:
Any specification wich is recognized asdesirable inthe
interest ofthesafety,regularity orefficiency ofinternationalair
navigation
Contracting stateswill endeavour comply with theConvention.
Example ofrecommended practice:
Recommendation:
Thedetection ofanoccupied channel should occur within 0.5
milliseconds
ICAO
Procedures forairnavigationservices(PANS):
These manuals describe precisely theprocedures tobe used by
controllers,pilots,maintenanceandengineeringteams,etc..
DOC9426:Airtraffic servicesplanificationmanual
DOC7605:Meteorology
DOC8400:ICAOabbreviations andcodes
etc.
Thespecific docforcontrollers is the
DOC4444: AirTrafficManagement
TheICAO
6majorfreedoms
Freedom tooverfly thestateairspace
Freedom foratechnical stopover
Freedom tocarrypassengers,mailandfretfrom theaircraft
registrationcountry.
Freedom tocarrypassengers,mailandfrettotheaircraft
registrationcountry.
Freedom tocarrypassengers,mailandfretbetween 2countries
that ratified theChicagoconvention.
Freedom tocarrypassengers,mailandfretbetween 2countries
situated onboth sides ofcountriesthat signed theconvention.
4 National/internationalorganizations
International Civil
Aviation Organization
(ICAO)
European Aviation
Safety Agency
(EASA)
European Civil
Aviation Conference
(ECAC)
Functional Airspace Blocks
EUROCONTROL
Direction Gnrale
Aviation Civile
(DGAC)
European Civil Aviation Conference

(ECAC)
Intergovernmental organisation founded in 1955 under the auspices of the
ICAO and the European Union. Its headquarters are based near Paris in
Neuilly/Seine.
44 members currently.
ECACs objective is to promote the continued development of a safe,
efficient and sustainable European air transport system.
ECAC seeks to:
harmonise civil aviation policies and practices amongst its member
States,
promote understanding on policy matters between its member
States and other parts of the world.
European Civil Aviation Conference : (ECAC)
European Aviation Safety Agency

(EASA)
EASA is the centrepiece of the European Unions strategy for aviation safety.
The Agency promote the highest common standards of safety and
environmental protection in civil aviation.
Its headquarter are based in Germany, in Cologne since its creation in 2003.
Its mission was defined in 2008 by the European Commission such as:
- the EU technical expertise in new regulation definition
- Staff certification
- Safety review
10
North European FAB (Estonia, Finland,
Iceland, Latvia & Norway)
Danish Swedish
FAB
FAB UK - Ireland
Baltic FAB (Lithuania &

Poland)
FAB Europe Central

(Belgium, France, Germany,
Luxembourg, Netherlands,
Switzerland & Eurocontrol
Maastricht)
FAB Central Europe (Austria,

Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech
Republic, Hungary, Slovak Rep. &
Slovenia
Danube FAB (Bulgaria &
Romania)
FAB Blue MED (Cyprus,
Greece, Italy & Malta (Albania,
South West FAB (Spain &

Portugal)
Egypt, Tunisia, Jordan &

Lebanon))
9FABswith
commonobjectives
Safety
Improved
safety level
despite
traffic
growth
Capacity
Environment
Costeffectiveness
Improved
safety level
despite
traffic growth
Balance the cost

operations
thanks to more
effective route
structure and
ATC
Environmental
impact reduction
through
improved routes,
flight profiles &
distances flown
Military
mission
effectiveness
Training
capabilities and
readiness
postures
improvement
11
TheFABECExample
Initiative driven by the ministries of
Transport and Defense of :
- Belgium
- France,
- Germany,
- Luxembourg
- The Netherlands
- Switzerland
Eurocontrol
Organisation founded in 1963 to ensure air traffic safety and management.
The primary objective is the development of a seamless, pan-European Air
Traffic Management system.
Its main recent realisations are:
The creation of the CFMU in march 1996.
The FUA concept in 1996.
The introduction of RVSM in january 2002
The Network Manager, 1st of September 2011
12
Eurocontrol
ENDOFTHELESSON
13
ATSEP12
AVIATIONLAW
Courseprsentation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Aerodrome Control
7.
Approach Control
8.
En-route Control
9.
Alerting Services
2.ALTIMETERSETTING
Unitsofmeasurement
StandardICAOatmosphere
Definitions
Altimeter
Altimetersetting
Exercise
Measurementunits
TOBEMESAURED
UNIT
Distances
NauticalMiles(Nm)
Altitudes,heights
Metres(m)orFeet(ft)
HorizontalSpeed
Knot(kt)
VerticalSpeed
Feetperminute(ft/min)
Windspeed
Knot(kt)
Winddirection
Degrees( )
MagneticNorth
(Takeoff&Landing)
Winddirection
(otherpurposes)
Degrees( )
GeographicNorth
Measurementunits
TOBEMESAURED
UNIT
Altitude/Heightofclouds
Metres(m)orFeet(ft)
Visibility
Kilometres(km)orFeet(ft)
Atmosphericpressure
Hectopascal
Temperature
DegreeCelsius(
Weight
Tonne(t)orKilogram(kg)
Time
Hours(h)and/orMinutes(min)
Measurementunits
TOBEMESAURED
ASSOCIATEDSYMBOLS
EQUIVALENTS
NauticalMiles
Nm
1Nm=1852m
Feet
Ft
1m=3,28ft
Hectopascal
hPa
100Newton/m2
Knot
Kt
1Kt=1Nm/h
1Kt=1,852km/h
UniversalTimeCoordonnated
UTC
Z
Localtime 1(winter)
Localtime 2(summer)
MEASURES:ConversionMethods
Conversion method: meters into feet
meters x 3,3
Example: 1.500m x 3,3
5.000ft
Conversion method: feet into meters

feet x 0,3
Example: 5.000ft x 0,3 = 1.500m
Altimetry overview
based onthestandardatmosphere model
temperature andgradientassumptions
atmospheric pressureandgradientassumptions
this modelis less accurate inhighaltitudes
allows toperform autonomous verticalmeasurement
temperature andgradientassumptions
atmospheric pressureandgradientassumptions
Airisdryanditschemicalcomposition(oxygen,nitrogen,)isconstant
Atthesealevel,temperatureis15
Itdecreasesby2
C.
Cper1000ft(300m)approximatelydowntominus56
05C
07C
09C
11C
2C/1000ft
13C
15C
Atsealevel,atmosphericpressureis1013,25hPa
Itdecreaseby1hPaevery28ft(8,5m).
1008 hPa
1009 hPa
1010 hPa
1011 hPa
1012 hPa
1013 hPa
1hPa / 28ft
Itisanidealatmosphere.
Actually,isobarsarenothorizontalorequidistant...
Nevertheless,wellusethismodel(1hPa=28ft)tocalculate
distances
betweenanaircraftandtheground(orwater)
betweentwoaircraftsinflight
minimumseparation
Furthermore,wellconsiderinthatcoursethatthe1013hPaisobar
mayvarytothedailymeteorologicalconditions:
Abovesealevel(anticyclonic pressures)
...Orbelowthesealevel(cyclonicpressures)
1011 hPa
1012 hPa
1013 hPa
1014 hPa
1015 hPa
1016 hPa
1009 hPa
1010 hPa
1011 hPa
1012 hPa
1013 hPa
1014 hPa
Temperatureandpressureversusaltitude
H(m)
H(km)
8,68
H(km)
32
1hPa pour 8,3

m ou 27 ft
540
+1/km
0
54,74
20
1050
950
1013,25
0
226,32
11
-300
-6,5/km
0
t(C)
-44,5
-56,5
15
1013,25
P(hpa)
Inthevicinity of1013.25Hpa,thecurve is closetoalinear

functoin.Sobetween 950et1050hPa,thepressurevariationis
considered aslinear.Inthis case,theverticalpressuregradient
used is 1hPa per8,3m(27ft )
Definitions
Height: verticaldistanceofalevel,apointoranobject(eg:anaircraft)
consideredasapoint,measuredfromaspecifieddatum(eg:theground)
Altitude: verticaldistanceofalevel,apointoranobjectconsideredasapoint,
measuredfrommeansealevel(MSL)
Flightlevel: surfaceofconstantatmosphericpressurewhichisrelatedtoa
specificpressuredatum(1013.2hPa)andisseparatedfromothersuchsurfaces
byspecificpressureintervals
Definitions
Height
Altitude
FL
1013,25 hPa
Mean Sea Level
TheQcode
veryoldcommunicationcodedevelopedwhencommunicationswhere
basedontheMorsecode
AllmessagesstartwiththeletterQ
Today,somevaluesorconceptsarestilldesignatedwiththeQcode:
QDM:MagneticBearingtoaStation
QFU:MagneticBearingoftheRunwayinuse
QSL:acknowledgement
...etc.
TheQ code
Thepressureestablishedattheaerodromeleveliscalled:QFE
Thepressurecomputed(inthisatmospherewhere
8,5m=1hPa)atthesealeveliscalled:QNH
Theverticaldistancebetweenthosetwopressuresisthe
aerodromealtitude(Zt).
Definitions/Altimetersettings
Height
Altitude
1013,25 hPa
QFE
QNH
FL
1013,25 hPa
Mean Sea Level
495 hPa
Definitions/Altimetersettings
500 hPa
995 hPa
1000 hPa
1005 hPa
1010 hPa
1013 hPa
1015 hPa
QFE
Zt
QNH
1020 hPa
10
TheALTIMETER
face
Two
pointers
window
showing
pressure setting
setting knob
TheALTIMETER
..pointers turn
clockwise . . .
. . . and
pressures
decrease
When turning the knob to the right . . .
11
TheALTIMETER
..pointers turn
anticlockwise . . .
. . . and
pressures
increase
When turning the knob to the left . . .
TheALTIMETER
0
1
0
1
1012
6
1000ft
1012
4
6
5
200ft
5
6500ft
4
8
1012
6
5
12
ThepressureontheGroundis1012hPa
If,byturningtheknob ,wedisplaythegroundpressureinthewindow.
0
1
. . . Thepointerswillpointtozero(height=0ft)
2
1012
Theaircraftisontheground
6
5
Conversely,ifwiththeknob, wemovethepointerstozero(heightofthe
aircraft)...
...thewindowwillindicatethegroundpressure
0
1
Theaircraftisstillontheground
2
1012
6
5
13
If,with theknob ,wedisplaythegroundpressureinthewindow...
Theaircraftis1000ft
abovetheaerodrome
0
1
...Thepointerswillindicate1000ft
1012
4
6
5
Thesealevelpressureis1022hPa
If, with the knob, wedisplaysealevel pressureinthewindow...
0
1
...thepointerswillindicatetheaerodromealtitude !
Theaircraftisontheground
1022
Altitude=280ft
6
5
14
ALTIMETERSETTING:TheQFE
QFE
AnaltimetersettotheQFEofanaerodromeindicatesthe
height oftheaircraftonorabovethisaerodrome
ThealtimeterissettotheQFE(1012hPa)
0
1
1012
Thealtimeter
reads1000ft
Theaircraftis1000ft
abovetheaerodrome
15
ThealtimeterissettotheQFE(1012hPa)
0
1
1012
Theaircraftis
ontheground
Thealtimeter
readszero
ThemainuseoftheQFE
settingisduringthelanding
andtakeoffphases
(neartheground)
16
ALTIMETERSETTING:TheQNH
QNH
ThegroundpressurecalculatedatsealevelfromtheQFE,usingthe
standardatmosphere(1hPa=28ft)is calledtheQNH
Example:thealtitudeofanaerodromeis280ft.
Thisaerodromeis280ftabovesealevel
Inthestandardatmosphere,280ftcorrespondsto:
280/28=10hPa
Onthisaerodrome,theQFEis1012hPa
QNHwillbe:
1012+ 10=1022hPa
(pressuredecreasewhenaltitudeincrease)
AnaltimetersettotheQNHindicatesthealtitudeoftheaircraft.
ThealtimeterissettotheQNH(1022hPa)
0
1
1022
Theaircraftis
ontheground
6
5
Thealtimeter
reads280ft
280ft
17
ThealtimeterissettotheQNH(1022hPa)
0
1
1022
4
6
5
Thealtimeter
reads1280ft
Theaircraftis1000ft
abovetheaerodrome
1000m
+
280ft
ThemainuseoftheQNH
settingis
approximatelybetween
1000ftand6000fttoavoid
obstacles
18
ALTIMETERSETTING:TheFL
FL(flightlevel)
Whenthealtimeterissetto1013hPa,aircraftflyata
flightlevel(FL)
IFR flights
VFR flights
IFR flights
VFR flights
19
Thealtimeterissetto1013hPa
0
1
1013
Theaircraftfliesat
6.500ft:FL65
6
5
Thealtimeter
reads6500ft
1013hPa
FL65
Themainuseofthe1013
settingisatmeanandhigh
altitudetoprovide
separationbetween
aircraft
1000ft
FL60
1013hPa
20
EXERCISE
Theheightofanaircraftaboveanaerodromeis4500ft
TheQFEoftheaerodromeis979hPa
Theaerodromealtitudeis1448ft
1 Whatisthealtitudeoftheaircraft?
2 WhatistheQNH?
3 Whatistheflightlevelofthisaircraft?
EXERCISE
1 Altitude
Z=4500+1448= 5948ft
h=4500ft
Z=1448ft
21
EXERCISE
2 QNH
1hPa=28ft
1448/28= 52hPa
QNH=979+52=
1031hPa
QFE=979hPa
Z=1448ft
QNH=1031hPa
EXERCISE
3 FL
p =1031 1013=
18hPa
p=18hPa =18*28=
504ft
FL = 5948-504 = 5444
1013hPa
QNH=1031hPa
FL=5444
FL = ?
Z=5444ft
p
22
ENDOFTHELESSON
23
AATM/AGCSE2014
BASICREGULATIONANDCONCEPTS
AIRTRAFFICSERVICES
ATSEP12
AVIATIONLAW
Courseprsentation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Aerodrome Control
7.
Approach Control
8.
En-route Control
9.
Alerting Services
3.Aircraft,Airtraffic,RDA,Flightplan
3.1TheAircraft
3.2TheAirTraffic
3.3AirTrafficServices
3.4Units
3.5ResponsabilityforcompliancewiththeRulesoftheAir
3.6ExamplesofgeneralRulesoftheAir
3.7CompliancewiththeRulesoftheAir
3.8VisualFlightRules(VFR)
3.9InstrumentalFlightRules(IFR)
3.10FlightPlan
3.11Strip
3.1Theaircraft
Definition:
Any machinethat can derive supportintheatmosphere
from thereactions oftheairother than thereactions ofthe
airagainst theearth surface
Thereare:
aerodynes
aerostats
Annex 2/definitions
3.1Theaircraft
Aerodyne
Aerostat
Aerodynamic forces
Aerodynamic reactions on
fixed surfaces
Airplane
with
engine
Glider
without
engine
Buoyancy intheair
Reaction ofaironrotors
turning onverticalaxes
Helicopter
Rotorsdriven by
anengine
Autogiro
free
rotors
Airship
with
engine
Balloon
without
engine
Aircraft
Aerodyne
Aerostat
Aerodynamicreactions
Onsurfaceswhichremainfixed
undergivenconditionsofflight
Onrotorsrotatingaround
almostverticalaxis
motorized
non
motorized
Floatabilityinair
motorized
freely
rotor
movingrotor
non
motorized
motorized
Aircraft
Aerodyne
Aerostat
Onsurfaceswhichremainfixed
undergivenconditionsofflight
motorized
Floatabilityinair
almostverticalaxis
non
motorized
freely
motorized
rotor
movingrotor
non
motorized
motorized
Aeroplane
Aircraft
Aerodyne
Aerostat
Onsurfaceswhichremainfixedunder
givenconditionsofflight
non
motorized
Aeroplane
motorized
Floatabilityinair
almostverticalaxis
motorized
rotor
freely
movingrotor
non
motorized
motorized
Glider
Aircraft
Aerodyne
Aerostat
motorized
Aeroplane
Floatabilityinair
almostverticalaxis
non
motorized
freely
motorized
rotor
movingrotor
Glider
non
motorized
motorized
Helicopter
Aircraft
Aerodyne
Aerostat
motorized
Aeroplane
Floatabilityinair
almostverticalaxis
non
motorized
motorized
rotor
movingrotor
Helicopter
Autogyro
Glider
freely
non
motorized
motorized
Aircraft
Aerodyne
Aerostat
non
motorized
Aeroplane
motorized
Glider
Floatabilityinair
almostverticalaxis
motorized
freely
rotor
movingrotor
Helicopter
Autogyro
non
motorized
motorized
Airship
Aircraft
Aerodyne
Aerostat
motorized
Aeroplane
Floatabilityinair
almostverticalaxis
non
motorized
freely
motorized
rotor
movingrotor
Helicopter
Autogyro
Glider
non
motorized
Airship
motorized
Balloon
3.1Theaircraft
Registration:
Allaircraft areregistered:FBFGV
F BFGV
Nationality mark
Registrationmark
Registration
G BXYP
D ATIW
N35564ED
10
3.2AirTraffic
Definition:
Allaircraft
inflight
oroperatingonthemanoeuvring areaofan
aerodrome
Annex 2/definitions
3.2AirTraffic
Aerodrome areas:
Any aerodrome is divided into two parts:
11
3.2AirTraffic
Manoeuvring area:
partofanaerodrome tobe used forthetake off,landing
andtaxiing,excluding aprons
Annex 2/definitions
3.2AirTraffic
Movement area:
Manoeuvring area+Aprons
Annex 2/definitions
12
3.2AirTraffic
Airspace users:two different kinds ofairtraffic

Generalaviation(GAT)
Military (OAT)
Objectivesofairtraffic services(GAT):
1preventcollisionsbetween aircrafts (midaircollision)
2preventcollisionsbetween aircrafts onthemanoeuvring area,
prevent obstructionsonthis area
3expediteandmaintain anorderly flowofairtraffic
4provideuseful advice andinformationtoconduct safe andefficient
flights
5notifyappropriate organizations regarding aircraft inneed ofsearch
andrescue aid,andassist such organizations asrequired
Annex 11/2.2
13
Divisionsofairtraffic services:
Airtraffic servicesshall comprisethree services:
Airtraffic controlservice(divided into three parts)
areacontrolservice
approach controlservice
aerodrome controlservice
Flightinformationservice
Alerting service
Annex 11/2.3
Conclusion
prevent collisionsbetween aircrafts
prevent collisionsbetween
aircrafts onthemanoeuvring areaprevent
AirTrafficControlservice
obstructionsonthis area
expedite andmaintain anorderly flowofairtraffic

FlightInformationService
- provide useful advice
andinformationtoconduct safe andefficientflights
notify appropriate organizations
regarding aircraft inneed ofsearch and
Alerting Service
rescue aid,andassist such organizations asrequired
Annex 11/2.2
14
3.4Units
Units providing airtraffic controlservice,theflightinformationservice

andthealerting service:
Aerodrome controltower
(TWR)
Approach controlcenter
(APP)
Areacontrolcenter
(ACC)
Units providing only flightinformationserviceandalerting service:
Flightinformationcenter
(FIC)
Aerodrome flightinformationservice
(AFIS)
Annex 11/2.2
3.5Responsibilityforcompliancewiththe RulesoftheAir
Pilotincommand
Thepilotresponsible fortheoperation andsafety ofthe
aircraft during flighttime
Annex 2/2.3
15
3.5Responsibility forcompliancewith the Rules oftheAir
Responsability ofpilotincommand
Thepilotincommandhastoobey thegeneral rules oftheair
Except ifit is absolutely necessary intheinterest ofsafety
Annex 2/2.3
3.6ExamplesofgeneralrulesoftheAir
anaircraft shall notbe operated inanegligent manner
Annex 2/3.1
16
anaircraft shall notbe flown overcongested areasorcities

()unless atsuch aminimumheight ...
Annex 2/3.1
when two aircrafts areonaheadoncourse,()each shall

alterits heading totheright.
Annex 2/3.2
17
3.7CompliancewiththerulesoftheAir
Theoperation ofanaircraft either inflightoronthemovement

areaofanaerodrome shall be incompliancewith thegeneral
rules and,inaddition,when inflight,either with:
a)visual flightrules (VFR)or
b)instrumentflightrules (IFR)
Annex 2/2.2
These rules apply when themeteorological conditionsare

VMC (VisualMeteorological Conditions)
Visualmeteorological conditionsaredefined according to:
horizontalvisibility
distancefrom theclouds (HandV)
18
Example:
SF
C
HD>1500m
HV>5km
VD>300m
SFC
3.9InstrumentalFlightRules(IFR)
These rules apply when themeteorological conditionsare

IMC (InstrumentMeteorological Conditions)
Meteorological conditionsareIMCwhen they arenotVMC
19
Apilotincommandhastofly inIFRwhen themeteorological
conditionsareIMC
Apilotincommandmay fly inIFRifthemeteorological
conditionsareVMC
Apilotincommandmay flightinVFRifandonly ifthe
meteorological conditionsareVMC
3.10FlightPlan
Informationrelativetoanintended flightorportionofaflight,
tobe provided toairtraffic serviceunits shall be intheform of
aflightplan
Thepilotfills in:
callsign
departure anddestinationfield
route
persons onboard,equipment,
...
20
Callsign
Typeofaircraft
F BFGV
EA31
Departure
aerodrome
LFBO
TOU LMG AMB CDN
Route
Destination
aerodrome
LFPO
Person
onboard
139
Etc...
ICAO REGION DESIGNATOR

B
C
K
T
P
M
H
W
S
Y
N
21
EBBDZMFP,LFPYZMFP
F BFGV
EA31
Adresses
LFBO
After it hasbeen
filled,theflight
planis sentto
ATSunits
LFPO
3.10FlightPlan
InEurope,thepilotflightplanis treated byautomatic systems

Firstit is converted into aflightplanmessage:
ZCZC MSB018
FF EBBDZMFP LFPYZFMP
120630 LFBOZPZX LFBBZFZX
(FPL-FBFGV-IM
-EA32/M
-LFPO1000
N0150F080 TOU LMG AMB CDN
ORW
-LFPO1205 LFPB
-OPR/ENAC STS/NONRVSM)
NNNN
1st step
2nd step
22
3.11Strip
Theflightplanmessageis converted into a strip which is directly
printed onthecontrolposition:
ZCZC MSB018
FF EBBDZMFP LFPYZFMP
120630 LFBOZPZX LFBBZFZX
(FPL-FBFGV-IM
-EA32/M
-LFPO1000
N0150F080 TOU LMG AMB CDN
ORW
-LFPO1205 LFPB
-OPR/ENAC STS/NONRVSM)
NNNN
<6726>
F BFGV
3rd
step
080
EPL
080
080
TOU
EA32 150 FFBO LFPO

150
LMG
36
02
RLP
BALAN
59
10
10
SW
AMB
38
10
11
3.11Strip
This strip allows tothecontroller tosee alldetails oftheflightplanhe
is interested in:
Call sign
Departure
aerodrome
F BFGV
<6726>
Flight
levels
080
EPL
080
080
TOU
EA32 150 LFBO LFPO

150
02
RLP
Aircraft
type
Airspeed
10
Destination
Aerodrome
LMG
BALAN
36
10
AMB
59
10
SW
38
11
Route&
estimated time
23
ENDOFTHELESSON
24
ATSEP12
AVIATIONLAW
Courseprsentation
1.
ICAOPresentationandRegulationTexts
2.AltimetryandAltimeterSetting
3.
Aircraft,Airtraffic,RulesoftheAir,FlightPlan
4.ATSRoute,Airspace,Aerodrome,Services,Units
5.Phraseology,ClearancesandCoordinations
6.AerodromeControl
7.ApproachControl
8.EnrouteControl
9.AlertingServices
4.ATS Routes,Airspaces,Aerodromes.
4.1ATSRoutes
4.1.1Principle
4.1.2Two typesofSignificant points
4.1.3Example
4.1.4ATSRouteIdentification
4.2Airspace
4.2.1DivisionofAirspace
4.2.2Verticaldivision
4.2.3Horizontaldivision
4.3Airspace description
4.3.1Controlled Airspaces
4.3.2ATSAirspace Classes
4.4Aerodromes
4.4.1Presentation
4.4.2NonControlled Aerodromes
4.4.3Controlled Aerodromes
4.1ATSroutes
To fly from an aerodrome to another one, pilots

follow air traffic services routes with significant
points along them
4.1ATSroutes
4.1.1Principle
AirportB
WP4
WP2
AirportA
WP3
WP1
4.1ATSroutes
4.1.2Twotypesofsignificantpoints:
significant pointsmarked bythesiteofaradio

navigationaid (radioelectric points)
significant pointsnotmarked bythesiteofaradio
navigationaid (nonradioelectric points)
4.1ATSroutes
4.1.3Example :
LeBourget
BAMES
nonradioelectric
significant
points
Chteaudun
Amboise
radioelectric
significant
points
BALAN
Limoges
Toulouse
4.1ATSroutes
4.1.4ATSroutesidentification:
ATSroutesareidentified with aletter (A,G,W,)andwith a

number between 1and999
Example:routeA5 wich linksthenorth ofEuropetoSpain
4.2Airspace
4.2.1Divisionofairspace:
Since 7December 1944,airspace hasbeendivided allaround

theEarth
4.2Airspace
4.2.2Verticaldivision...
Unlimited
FL195
ground/water
4.2Airspace
4.2.3Horizontaldivision
4.2Airspace
Above FL195:upper airspace
Unlimited
Upper airspace
FL195
4.2Airspace
UnderFL195:lower airspace
Lower airspace
4.2Airspace
Inlower airspace,thedivisionoftheairspace is called FIR :
FlightInformationRegion
FL195
FLIGHTINFORMATIONREGION
4.2Airspace
InFrance,there are5 FIRs :
PARIS
REIMS
BREST
BORDEAUX
MARSEILLE
4.2Airspace
Inupper airspace,thedivisionofairspace is called UIR :Upper
InformationRegion
FL195
UPPER INFORMATION REGION
4.2Airspace
FranceUIR
FranceFIRs
4.2Airspace
FIR&UIRarenoncontrolled airspace.
Itmeans that inthose airspaces,theairtraffic controlserviceis
notprovided
FL195
ground/sea
10
4.2Airspace
But,duetogrowth orairtraffic,it was necessary tocreate,within theFIR,
controlled airspace:
Inthis controlled airspace,airtraffic units provide airtraffic controlservice
FL195
ground/sea
4.3Airspace Description
4.3.1Controlled airspaces
Controlled airspaces aredivided into:
controlzones
controlareas
specific areas
11
UIR
UIR
ControlAreas
FIR
FIR
Init_13 ControlZone
UIR
23
UIR
TSA
ControlAreas
FIR
FIR
Restricted Area
Dangerous
Prohibited
Area
Init_13
Area
ZRT
24
12
ATSairspaces aredivided into seven classes :

5classesforcontrolled airspace:classesA,B,C,D&(E)
2classesfornoncontrolled airspace:classesF&G
Classificationofairspace
NON
CONTROLLED
CONTROLLED
13
Ineach classofairspace,airtraffic servicesaredifferent:

informationservice&alert serviceareprovided inthe
sixclasses
controlserviceis provided asfollow:
toIFRflights inA,B,C,D&Eclasses
toVFRflights inB,C&Dclasses
Classificationofairspace
CONTROLLED
NONCONTROLLED
IFR
IFR
VFR
IFR
VFR
IFR
VFR
IFR
VFR
IFR
VFR
IFR
VFR
ATCS
IFR/IFR
ATCS
forallflights
ATCS
IFR/IFR
IFR/VFR
ATCS
IFR/IFR
ATCS
IFR/IFR
-
Traffic
Traffic
Traffic
information
information information
IFR/VFR
IFR/VFR
VFR/VFR
VFR/IFR
VFR/IFR
VFR/VFR
VFR/VFR
Asfaras
practical
14
UIR
UIR
CLASSG
FL195
FL195
CLASSG
FIR
FIR
G
UIR
FL660
G
UIR
FL660
UTA
CLASSC
FL195
FL195
FIR
FIR
15
G
UIR
FL660
G
UIR
FL660
UTA
C
FL195
LTA
CLASSD
FL115
FL195
FL115
FIR
FIR
G
UIR
FL660
G
UIR
FL660
UTA
C
FL195
FL115
AWY
LTA
CLASSD
CLASSD
FL195
FL115
CLASSE
FIR
FIR
16
G
UIR
FL660
G
UIR
FL660
UTA
C
FL195
FL115
TMALTA
D,CorA
CLASS D
AWY
CLASSD
FL195
LTA
D
FL115
CLASSE
E,D,CorA
FIR
FIR
G
UIR
FL660
G
UIR
FL660
UTA
C
FL195
FL115
TMALTA
D,CorA
CLASS D
AWY
CLASSD
FL195
LTA
D
FL115
CLASSE
E,D,CorA
FIR
FIR
G
CTR
CTR
17
4.4Aerodromes
4.4.1Presentation:
Therearetwo typesofaerodromes:
noncontrolled aerodromes
controlled aerodromes
Controlled ornoncontrolled,aerodromes may be located:
inacontrolled airspace
inanoncontrolled airspace (FIR)
4.4Aerodromes
4.4.2Noncontrolledaerodromes
Two typesofnoncontrolled aerodromes:

aerodromes where there is anairtraffic serviceunit
aerodromes where there is noairtraffic serviceunit
18
4.4Aerodromes
4.4.2Noncontrolledaerodromes
Onaerodromes with noATSunit,noairtraffic serviceis

provided
Itis uptopilotstoensure thesafety offlights.
Butonmajornoncontrolled aerodromes,there is anATSunit:

theAFIS(aerodrome flightinformationservice)
4.4Aerodromes
4.4.3Controlledaerodromes
Onallcontrolled aerodromes,there is anATSunit
19
ENDOFTHELESSON
20
ATSEP12
AVIATIONLAW
4.5 ATS SERVICES AND ATS UNITS
4.5ATSSERVICESANDATSUNITS
4.5.1ATSServices
4.5.2ATSUnits
4.5.2.1TheFIC
4.5.2.2TheAFIS
4.5.2.3Theotherunits
4.5.2.4Theunitsrelationship
4.5.2.5Examples
4.5.1ATSServices
Inside non-controlled airspaces & non-controlled aerodromes, ATS units
provide flight information service and alert service
FL195
Information &Alert
Ground/sea
4.5.1ATSServices
Insidecontrolled airspaces &controlled aerodromes,ATSunits provide
control,information &alert services
FL195
Control,Information &Alert
Ground/sea
4.5.2ATSUnits
4.5.2.1TheFIC
Insidenon controlled airspaces theunitwhich provides information &
alert servicesis the FlightInformationCenter (FIC)
FL195
FIC(FlightInformationCenter)
Ground/sea
4.5.2ATSUnits
4.5.2.2TheAFIS
Onnon controlled aerodromes theunitwhich provides
information &alert servicesis the AFIS
FL195
AFIS aerodromes
(Aerodrome FlightInformationService)
Ground/sea
4.5.2ATSUnits
4.5.2.3TheOtherUnits
Inside controlled airspace,theunits which provide control,information &
alert services are:
FL195
AreaControlCenters (ACC)
Approach controloffices(APP)
Ground/sea
Aerodrome controltower (TWR)
4.5.2ATSUnits
4.5.2.3TheOther Units
InFrancethere are5ACC:
FIR s
UIR s
PARIS
ACC
BREST
ACC
BORDEAUX
ACC
REIMS
ACC
MARSEILLE
ACC
REIMS
ACC
BREST
ACC
PARIS
ACC
BORDEAUX
ACC
MARSEILLE
ACC
4.4.5ATSUnits
4.5.2.3TheOtherUnits
InFrancethere are5ACC...
...approximately 750aerodromes
80aerodromes forusebyinternationalandcommercial
scheduled airtraffic
4.5.2ATSUnits
4.5.2.3TheOther Units
Oncontrolled aerodromes,theunits which provide control,information &
alert servicesare:
FL195
Approach controloffice
Ground/sea
Aerodrome controltower
4.5.2ATSUnits
4.5.2.4TheUnits Relationship
Areacontrolservice:
Theareacontrolserviceprovides airtraffic servicestoaircraft:
atendofclimb
cruising
atbeginning ofdescent
PHASESOFFLIGHT: gate to gate operation

pre
surface
departure
movement
climb
en-route
descent
surface
post
movement arrival
cruise
approach
departure
IAF
FAF
taxi starttake-off
up
taxi
termination
landing
airport
management
airport
management
4.5.2ATSUnits
4.5.2.4TheUnits Relationship(1)
Theareacontrolserviceis provided by:
FL195
Areacontrolcenters (ACC)
Ground/sea
4.5.2ATSUnits
Approach controlservice:
Approach controlserviceprovides airtraffic servicestoaircraft:
ondeparture,from beginning ofclimb until cruising level
onarrival,from beginning ofdescent until theproximity of
destinationaerodrome
4.5.2ATSUnits
Onarrival
FL195
Ground/sea
4.5.2ATSUnits
Ondeparture
FL195
Ground/sea
4.5.2ATSUnits
Approach controlserviceis provided by
FL195
Ground/sea
Aerodrome controltowers (TWR)
4.5.2ATSUnits
4.5.2.4TheUnitsRelationship(6)
Aerodrome controlservice:
Theaerodrome controlserviceis meant to:
prevent collisionsbetween aircrafts
prevent collisionsbetween aircraft onthemanoeuvring
areaandobstructionsonthis area
expedite andmaintain anorderly flowofairtraffic
4.5.2ATSUnits
Aerodrome controlserviceis provided by:
Aerodrome control towers (TWR)
10
4.5.2ATSUnits
FIC
Alert
Non
controlled
Information
4.5.2ATSUnits
FIC
Alert
AFIS
Information
Non
controlled
11
4.5.2ATSUnits
FIC
Alert
AFIS
Information
ACC
Area
control
Non
controlled
Approach
control
Controlled
4.5.2ATSUnits
FIC
Alert
AFIS
Information
ACC
Area
control
APP
Approach
control
Non
controlled
Controlled
12
4.5.2ATSUnits
FIC
Alert
AFIS
Information
ACC
Area
control
APP
Approach
control
TWR
Aerodrome
control
Non
controlled
Controlled
4.5.2ATSUnits
non
controlled
Airspace
Aerodrome
controlled
FIC
Alert
AFIS
Information
ACC
Area
control
APP
Approach
control
TWR
Aerodrome
control
13
4.5.2ATSUnits
4.5.2.5Examples
Toillustrate therelationship between services&units,we ll
follow two examples:
aVFRflightfrom AurillactoPrigueux
anIFRflightfrom ToulousetoMarseille
Bordeaux
Prigueux
Bordeaux
FIR
Aurillac
Toulouse
14
Ondeparture,AurillacAFISaerodrome will provide tothis flight

...Information &Alert services
FL195
BordeauxFIR
Aurillac
Prigueux
Incruise,BordeauxFIC(located atMrignac,near Bordeaux)

will provide tothis flight...
FL195
BordeauxFIR
Aurillac
Prigueux
15
Onarrival,PrigueuxAFISaerodrome will provide tothis

aircraft ...
FL195
BordeauxFIR
Aurillac
Prigueux
Example ofaflight
Bordeaux
FIR
Marseille
FIR
Toulouse
Marseille
16
Ondeparture,Toulousecontroltower will provide tothis

aircraft ...
...Control,Information &Alert services
FL195
BordeauxFIR
MarseilleFIR
TWR
Marseille
Toulouse
After tower,Toulouseapproach controlwill provide tothis aircraft .

..
FL195
APP
BordeauxFIR
MarseilleFIR
TWR
Marseille
Toulouse
17
After approach,theBordeauxareacontrolcenter(located,like the

FICinMrignac,near Bordeaux)will provide tothis aircraft ...
FL195
APP
ACC
BordeauxFIR
MarseilleFIR
TWR
Marseille
Toulouse
Thereafter,Marseilleareacontrolcenter(located inAixen
Provence,near Marseille)will provide ...
FL195
APP
ACC
ACC
BordeauxFIR
MarseilleFIR
TWR
Marseille
Toulouse
18
Next,Marseilleapproach controloffice...
FL195
ACC
APP
ACC
APP
BordeauxFIR
MarseilleFIR
TWR
Marseille
Toulouse
And,lastly,Marseilleaerodrome controltower ...

FL195
ACC
APP
ACC
APP
BordeauxFIR
MarseilleFIR
TWR
TWR
Marseille
Toulouse
19
If,incruise,thepilotwants tofly below controlled airspace,it is

theFlightInformationCenters that will provide ...
FL195
APP
ACC
BordeauxFIC
APP
MarseilleFIC
TWR
TWR
Marseille
Toulouse
ENDOFTHELESSON
20
24/02/2015
ATSEP12
AVIATIONLAW
Courseprsentation
1.ICAOPresentationandRegulationTexts
3.Aircraft,Airtraffic,RulesoftheAir,FlightPlan
5.Phraseology,ClearancesandCo ordinations
6.AerodromeControl
7.ApproachControl
8.EnrouteControl
9.AlertingServices
24/02/2015
5.1Needs forPhraseology
5.1.1Definitions andGeneralPrinciples
5.1.2Aeronautical Alphabet
5.1.3Numbers
5.1.4Callsigns
5.1.5Establishmentandcontinuationofcommunication
5.2Clearances
5.2.1ATCServiceOperation
5.2.2Separation
5.2.3Responsability ofControl
5.2.4ClearanceProvision
5.2.5Examples
5.3Coordinations
5.3.1Clearancecoordination
5.3.2Example
5.1NeedsforPhraseology
5.1.1Definitions&Generalprinciples
Aeronautical fixed service(AFS).
Atelecommunication servicebetween specified fixed points
provided primarily forthesafety ofairnavigationandforthe
regular,efficientandeconomical operation ofairservices.
Aeronautical fixed station.

Astationintheaeronautical fixed service.
Air ground communication.

Twoway communicationbetween aircraft andstationsor
locationsonthesurfaceoftheearth.
24/02/2015
Airtraffic controlclearance:
Authorization foranaircraft toproceed under conditions
specified byanairtraffic controlunit.
Note1. Forconvenience,theterm airtraffic control
clearanceis frequently abbreviated toclearance
when used inappropriate contexts.
Note2. Theabbreviated term clearancemay be
prefixed bythewords taxi,takeoff,departure,
enroute,approachorlandingtoindicate the
particular portionofflighttowhich theairtraffic
controlclearancerelates.
Airtraffic controlinstruction:
Directivesissued byairtraffic controlforthepurpose of
requiring apilottotake aspecific action.
24/02/2015
Radiotelephonyisawayforpilotsandcontrollers
tocommunicate witheachother.
Itisawaytodeliverairtrafficcontrolclearances,
airtrafficcontrol instructions and/orimportant
information relatedtoairtrafficsafety
Incident/accidentinvestigationsidentify
Approximatephraseology
UnappliedRadiotelephonyprocedures
...assignificant contributoryfactors.
24/02/2015
Thefollowing transmitting techniqueswill assist in
ensuring that transmitted speechis clear and
satisfactorily received:
a) before transmitting,listen outonthefrequency tobe
used toensure that there will be nointerference
with atransmissionfrom another station;
b) be familiar with goodmicrophoneoperatingtechniques;
c) useanormalconversational tone,andspeak clearly and
distinctly;
d) maintain aneven rateofspeechnotexceeding 100

words perminute.When it is known that elements
ofthemessagewill be written downbytherecipient,
speak ataslightly slower rate;
e) maintain thespeaking volumeataconstantlevel;
f) aslight pausebefore andafter numbers will assist in
making them easier tounderstand;
24/02/2015
g) avoid using hesitation sounds such aser;

h) be familiar with themicrophoneoperating
techniques,particularly inrelationtothe
maintenanceofaconstantdistancefrom the
microphoneifamodulator with aconstantlevel is
notused;
i) suspendspeechtemporarily ifit becomes necessary
toturn thehead away from themicrophone;
j) depress thetransmitswitchfully before speaking and

donotreleaseit until themessageis completed.
Thiswill ensure that theentire messageis transmitted;
k) thetransmissionoflongmessagesshould be
interrupted momentarily from timetotimetopermit
thetransmitting operator toconfirm that the
frequency inuseis clear and,ifnecessary,topermit
thereceiving operator torequest repetition ofparts
notreceived.
24/02/2015
Anirritating andpotentially dangerous situationin
radiotelephony is astuckmicrophonebutton.
Operators should always ensure that thebutton is
released after atransmissionandthe
microphoneplaced inanappropriate place
ensuring that it will notinadvertently be
switched on.
Generalprinciple
Approximate
Phraseology
Unapplied
Radiotelephony
Procedures
Need to comply
with
radiotelephony
procedures
Use standardised
expressions and
phraseology
Contributory factors to
incidents & accidents
24/02/2015
Toexpedite communications,theuseofphonetic
spelling should be dispensed with ifthere is norisk of
this affecting correctreception andintelligibility of
themessage.
With theexceptionofthetelephony designator andthe
typeofaircraft,each letter intheaircraft callsign
shall be spoken separately using thephonetic
spelling.
Thewords inthetablebelow shall be used when using
thephonetic spelling.
5.1.2AeronauticalAlphabet
A
Alpha
al fah
Bravo
bra vo
Charlie
char li
Delta
del tah
Echo
k o
Foxtrot
fox trott
Golf
golf
Hotel
ho tll
24/02/2015
I
India
in di ah
Juliette
djou li tt
Kilo
ki lo
Lima
li mah
Mike
mak
November
no vmm ber
Oscar
oss kar
Papa
pah pah
Quebec
k bk
R
Romeo
ro mi o
Sierra
si r rah
Tango
tang go
Uniform
you ni form
Victor
vik tar
Whiskey
ouiss ki
X-ray
kss r
Yankee
yang ki
Zulu
zou lou
24/02/2015
5.1.3Numbers
Zero
zi ro
Five
Fa f
One
ouann
Six
siks
Two
tou
Three
tri
Four
Seven Svn
Eight
et
nine
Na
neu
fo eur
5.1.3Numbers
decimal
d si mal
00
Hundred Hun dred
000
thousand taou zend
10
24/02/2015
5.1.4Call signs(Doc9432 2.7.2 )
Aeronautical stationsareidentified bythename ofthelocationfollowed byasuffix.Thesuffix indicates
thetypeofunitorserviceprovided.
Unitorservice
Areacontrolcentre
Radar(ingeneral)
Approach control
Approach controlradararrivals
Approach controlradardepartures
Aerodrome control
Surfacemovement control
Clearancedelivery
Precision approach radar
Directionfinding station
Flightinformationservice
Aproncontrol
Company dispatch
Aeronautical station
Callsign suffix
CONTROL
RADAR
APPROACH
ARRIVAL
DEPARTURE
TOWER
GROUND
DELIVERY
PRECISION
HOMER
INFORMATION
APRON
DISPATCH
RADIO
5.1.4Call signs(Doc9432 2.7.2)
Anaircraft callsign shall be oneofthefollowing types:
a) thecharacters corresponding totheregistrationGABCDormarking of
theaircraft;
Example:GABCDorCessna GABCD
b)thetelephony designator oftheaircraft operatingagency,followed by
thelastfourcharacters oftheregistrationmarking oftheaircraft;or
Example:FASTAIRDCAB
c)thetelephony designator oftheaircraft operatingagency,followed by
theflightidentification.
Example:FASTAIR345
Note. Thename oftheaircraft manufacturerorname ofaircraft modelmay be used
asaradiotelephony prefix totheTypea)above.
11
24/02/2015
5.1.4Call signs(Doc9432 2.7.2)
After satisfactory communicationhasbeenestablished,and
provided that noconfusionis likely tooccur,aircraft callsigns
may be abbreviated asfollows:
a)thefirstandatleastthelasttwo characters oftheaircraft
registration;
Example:CDorCessna CD
b)thetelephony designator oftheaircraft operatingagency
followed byatleastthelasttwo characters oftheaircraft
registration;
Example FASTAIRAB
c)noabbreviated form.
5.1.4Call signs(Doc9432 2.7.2 )
Anaircraft shall useits abbreviated callsign only after it hasbeen
addressed inthis manner bytheaeronautical station.
Anaircraft shall notchangeits typeofcallsign during flight
except when there is alikelihood that confusionmay occur
because ofsimilar callsigns;insuch cases,anaircraft may be
instructed byanairtraffic controlunittochangethetypeofits
callsign temporarily.
Aircraftintheheavy wake turbulencecategory shall include the
word HEAVYimmediately after theaircraft callsign inthe
initialcontactbetween such aircraft andATSunits.
12
24/02/2015
5.1.5Establishmentandcontinuationofcommunication(Doc9432 2.8)
When establishing communications,anaircraft should

usethefullcallsign ofboth theaircraft andthe
aeronautical station.
Example:
GABCDSTEPHENVILLETOWER
STEPHENVILLETOWERGABCD
5.1.5Establishmentandcontinuationofcommunication(Doc9432 2.8 )
When aground stationwishes tobroadcastinformation,

themessageshould be prefaced bythecallALL
STATIONS.
Example:
ALLSTATIONSALEXANDERCONTROL,
FUELDUMPINGCOMPLETED
13
24/02/2015
When anaircraft wishes tobroadcast

informationtoaircraft inits vicinity,the
messageshould be prefaced bythecallALL
STATIONS.
Example:
ALLSTATIONSGCDABWESTBOUND
MARLOVORTOSTEPHENVILLE
LEAVINGFL260DESCENDINGTOFL150
Phrase
SAYAGAIN
Meaning
Repeat entire message
SAYAGAIN...(item)
Repeat specific item
SAYAGAINALLBEFORE...
Repeat partofmessage
(thefirstword satisfactorily received)
SAYAGAINALLAFTER...
(thelastword satisfactorily received)
SAYAGAINALLBETWEEN...AND...
14
24/02/2015
Issueofclearanceandread backrequirements
Readbackrequirements havebeenintroduced intheinterests offlightsafety.
Thefollowing shall always be read back:
a)ATCrouteclearances;
b)clearancesandinstructionstoenter,landon,take offfrom,hold shortof,crossand
backtrack onany runway;and
c)runwayinuse,altimeter settings,SSRcodes,level instructions,heading andspeed
instructionsand,whether issued bythecontroller orcontained inATIS
broadcasts,transitionlevels.
Other clearancesorinstructions,including conditional clearances,shall be read backoracknowledged
inamanner toclearly indicate that they havebeenunderstood andwill be complied with.
Testprocedures
Testtransmissionsshould take thefollowing form:
a)theidentificationoftheaeronautical stationbeing called;
b)theaircraft identification;
c)thewords RADIOCHECK;and
d)thefrequency being used.
Thereadability oftransmissionsshould be classified in
accordancewith thefollowing readability scale:
1.Unreadable.
2.Readable now andthen.
3.Readable butwith difficulty.
4.Readable.
5.Perfectly readable.
15
24/02/2015
Andrememberthat
Approximate
Phraseology
Unapplied
Radiotelephony
Procedures
Need to comply
with
radiotelephony
procedures
Use standardised
expressions and
phraseology
Contributory factors to
incidents & accidents
5.2Clearances
5.2.1ATCServiceOperation
Inorder toprovide airtraffic controlservice,anATCunitshall:
1 be provided with informationontheintended movement of
each aircraft
2 determine thepositionofknown aircraft toeach other
3 issueclearanceandinformationforthepurpose of
preventing collisionsandexpediting andmaintaining anorderly
flowoftraffic
clearance
4 coordinate clearanceswith other units
co-ordinate
16
24/02/2015
5.2Clearances
5.2.2Separation
Separation byanATCunitshall be obtained byatleastoneofthe

following:
1 verticalseparation,obtained byassigning different levels
2 horizontalseparation,obtained byproviding:
longitudinalseparation,bymaintaining aninterval between
aircraft operatingalong thesame/converging/reciprocal tracks,expressed
intimeordistance
lateral separation,bymaintaining aircraft ondifferent routesor
different geographical areas
5.2Clearances
5.2.2Separation
Toprovide controlservice,airtraffic controllers usespacing

between aircraft:
lateral separation:
17
24/02/2015
5.2Clearances
5.2.2Separation

between aircraft:
longitudinalseparation:
10mn
5.2Clearances
5.2.2Separation

between aircrafts:
radarseparation
5NM
18
24/02/2015
5.2Clearances
5.2.3ResponsabilityofControl
Acontrolled flightis under theresponsibility ofasingleATCunitat

any given time.
5.2Clearances
5.2.4Clearanceprovision
Toprovide separation between aircraft,controllers issue

clearances topilots.
19
24/02/2015
5.2Clearances
5.2.5Examples
AFR454,Blagnactower,ACCclearance:cleared flightplanroute,
flightlevel 350,reportready totaxi
BAW2356,Pariscontrol,forspacing turn right heading 350
AAL589,Blagnacapproach,descend 2500feet QNH1002,reduce

speed210kt,cleared forILSapproach runway 15
5.3Coordination
5.3.1Clearancecoordination
Clearancesareco ordinated between ATCunits
20
24/02/2015
5.3Coordination
5.3.2Example
ACC/E
TWRAPP
ACC/N
ACC/O
LFPO
AMB
LMG
ACC/SO
LFBO
TWRAPP
ACC/SE
5.3Coordination
5.3.2Example
1 Ondeparture,aircraft contacttower torequest start up

clearance.
Blagnactower,FBFGV,destinationParis
request start upclearance
21
24/02/2015
5.3Coordination
5.3.2Example
2 Thecontroller checks ifhe hasreceived therelevantstrip:
<6726> 080
F BFGV
EPL
080
080
TOU
LMG
BALAN
AMB
SW
DC3 150 LFBO LFPO

150
02
10
RLP
36
10
59
10
38
11
5.3Coordination
5.3.2Example
3 Then thetower controller calltheapproach officeandthe

approach officecalltheareacontrolcentertoask fortheenroute
clearance:
Blagnac tower
Bordeaux control
Blagnac approach
F BFGV
080
<6726> 080 EPL
080
TOU
LMG
BALAN
AMB
SW
DC3 150 LFBO LFPO

150
RLP
02
10
36
10
59
10
38
11
22
24/02/2015
5.3Coordination
5.3.2Example
4 Thetower issuestheclearancetothepilot:
FBFGV,Blagnactower,cleared tostart up.
Enrouteclearance:cleared flightplanroute
REYMIclearancelimit,flightlevel 80
reportready totaxi
5.3Coordination
5.3.2Example
5 Afewminuteslater,theaircraft is ready totake off:
FBFGV,Blagnactower,cleared totake off,

wind 310degrees,15knots
23
24/02/2015
5.3Coordination
5.3.2Example
6 After take off,thetower contacttheapproach officetogive

him thetake offtime
7 Theapproach officecontactsBordeauxACCtotransmitthe
take offtime.Atthis moment,theACCknows that theaircraft is
airborne andhe will be incontactwith it inafewminutes
Now this is automatic coordinationinmany places
5.3Coordination
5.3.2Example
8 After ensuring proper separation from his traffic,thetower

controller transfers theaircraft toapproach
FBFGV,Blagnactower,contact
BlagnacApproach on119.7
24
24/02/2015
5.3Coordination
5.3.2Example
9 Theapproach controller provides separation between

arrivals anddeparture flights.Thereafter,he transfers theaircraft
totheBordeauxareacontrolcenter
FBFGV,Blagnacapproach,contact
Bordeauxcontrolon121.25
5.3Coordination
5.3.2Example
10 Then,BordeauxACChandsovertheflighttoParisACC...
ParisACCtoOrlyApproach ...OrlyApproach toOrlytower.
25
24/02/2015
ENDOFTHELESSON
26
24/02/2015
ATSEP12
AVIATIONLAW
Courseprsentation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Aerodrome Control
Approach Control
En-route Control
Alerting Services
24/02/2015
6.AERODROMECONTROL
6.1AerodromeTraffic
6.2TheRunway
6.3.1Definition
6.3.2Othercriteriathanwind
6.3.3TheRWYinusechoiceaccordingtothewind
6.4AerodromeTrafficCircuit
6.2.1Definition
6.2.2Caracteristics
6.2.3Theorientation
6.2.4RWYIdentification
6.3TheRWYinuse
6.1.1Definition
6.1.2ManoeuvringArea
6.1.3Vicinityofanaerodrome
6.4.1Definition
6.4.2Examples
6.4.3Keypositions
6.5Controlofaerodrometraffic
6.5.1General
6.5.2ControlofTaxiingaircraft
6.5.3ControlofDepartingaircraft
6.5.4Conroloftrafficinthetrafficcircuit
6.5.5ControlofArrivingaircraft
24/02/2015
6.1Aerodrome traffic
6.1.1Definition
1 alltraffic onthemanoeuvring areaofanaerodrome
2 allaircraft flying inthevicinity ofanaerodrome
6.1.2Manoeuvring Area
24/02/2015
6.1.2Manoeuvring Area
6.1Aerodrometraffic
6.1.3VicinityofanAerodrome
1 alltraffic onthemanoeuvring areaofanaerodrome
2 allaircraft flying inthevicinity ofanaerodrome
24/02/2015
6.1Aerodrometraffic
Anaircraft is inthevicinity ofanaerodrome when it is in,

entering orleaving anaerodrome traffic circuit
6.1Aerodrometraffic
24/02/2015
6.2TheRunway(RWY)
6.2.1Definition
Adefined rectangular areaonalandaerodrome prepared for

thelandingandtake offofaircraft
24/02/2015
6.2TheRunway(RWY)
6.2.2Caracteristics
Arunway is defined according tothefollowing elements:

identification
dimensions
surface
strength
usablesdistances
6.2TheRunway(RWY)
6.2.2Caracteristics
Surface
Usables
Identification
Dimensions
Strength
& orientation distances
24/02/2015
6.2TheRunway(RWY)
6.2.3TheOrientation
Theorientationis defined according tomagnetic North

Thereis a180 difference between thetwo orientationsso
that therunway is used inonedirectionortheother
211
031
6.2TheRunway(RWY)
Thetwo firstdigitsoftheorientationareneeded toidentify

therunway
211
031=03
211=21
031
24/02/2015
6.2TheRunway(RWY)
Thetwo digitsarepainted atthebeginning ofthetake offand

landingway.
211
031
6.3TheRunwayInUse
6.3.1Definition
The term runway in use is used to indicate that

the runway at a particular time is considered by a unit
providing aerodrome control to be the most suitable for
use by aircraft.
Normally an aircraft lands and takes off into wind
unless safety, the runway configuration or air traffic
conditions determine that a different direction is
preferable
24/02/2015
6.3TheRunwayInUse
6.3.2Othercriteriathanwind
aerodrome traffic circuits

length andslope ofrunways
approachandlandingaidsavailable
positionofthesun
etc..
6.3TheRunwayInUse
6.3.3TheRWYinusechoiceaccordingtothewind(1/3)
Windfrom 090
/15kt
Runway facing 093
/273
10
24/02/2015
6.3TheRunwayInUse
Crosswind component
Wind from 120
/ 15kt
Frontwind component
6.3TheRunwayInUse
Windfrom 190
/15kt
11
24/02/2015
6.4.1Definition
DOC4444/dfinitions
Thespecified path tobe flown byaircraft

operatinginthevicinity ofanaerodrome
6.4.2Examples
12
24/02/2015
6.4.2Examples
6.4.2Examples
13
24/02/2015
6.4.3KeyPositions
1 Apron
6.4.3KeyPositions
2 Holdingpoint
14
24/02/2015
6.4.3KeyPositions
3 Lineup
7.4.3KeyPositions
4 Initialclimb
15
24/02/2015
6.4.3KeyPositions
5 Crosswind
5
6.4.3KeyPositions
6 Downwind
16
24/02/2015
6.4.3KeyPositions
Baseleg
6.4.3KeyPositions
8 Turning final
17
24/02/2015
6.4.3KeyPositions
9 Longfinal
6.4.3KeyPositions
10
Final
10
18
24/02/2015
6.4.3KeyPositions
11 Clear ofrunway
11
6.4.3KeyPositions
3 Line up
2 Holding point
4
Initial climb
1 Apron
19
24/02/2015
6.4.3KeyPositions
Base leg
7
6
Downwind
8
Final
5 Crosswind
10
9
Long
final
Turning final
11
Clear of runway
6.5ControlofAerodromeTraffic
6.5.1General
Aerodrome controltowers issueinformationand

clearancestoaircraft toachieve asafe,orderly and
expeditious flowofairtraffic with theobject of
preventing collisionsbetween:
- aircraft flying in the aerodrome traffic circuit
- aircraft operating on the manoeuvring area
- aircraft landing and taking off
- aircraft / vehicles operating on the manoeuvring area
- aircraft on the manoeuvring area and obstructions on
that area
20
24/02/2015
6.5.2ControlofTaxiingAircraft
Whiletaxiing,apilot svisionislimited.
Itis importanttherefore foraerodrome controlunits
toissueconciseinstructionsandadequate information
tothepilottoassist him todetermine thecorrecttaxi
routesandtoavoid collisionwith other aircraft or
objects
6.5.2ControlofTaxiingAircraft
Blagnactower,FGV,
ready totaxi
FGV,Blagnactower,taxi
holdingpointrunway 07,
give way toCessna 172leaving
taxiwayBravo,reportholding
point
21
24/02/2015
6.5.3ControlofDepartingAircraft
Adeparting aircraft will notnormally be allowed to

start take offuntil
thepreceding departing aircraft hascrossed
theendoftherunway
oruntil allpreceding landingaircraft areclear
oftherunway
a)Behind departing traffic:
FGV,lineupandhold
position,I ll callyou back
FGV,ready
22
24/02/2015
FGV,hold position,I ll callyou

back
FGV,ready totake off
FGV,cleared totake off,

wind 120 /8kt
FGV,cleared
totake off
23
24/02/2015
b)Behind arriving traffic:
FGV,hold position,I ll callyou

back
FGV,ready totake off
b)Behind arriving traffic:
FGV,cleared totake off,

wind 120 /8kt
FGV,cleared
totake off
24
24/02/2015
6.5.4Controloftrafficinthetrafficcircuit
To provide separation, aerodrome controllers

issue clearances at the key positions of the
aerodrome circuit
6.5.4.1Clearancesatthekeypositions
FGV,downwind
Thelandingnumber is
issued
atthedownwind position
FGV,n 2,traffic preceding a
Cessna 172onbaseleg,report
baseleg
25
24/02/2015
6.5.4.1Clearancesatthekeypositions
10
Clearancetoland
is issued infinal
FGV,cleared toland,wind
120 /10kts
FGV,final
10
6.5.5ControlofArrivingAircraft
A landing aircraft is not normally allowed to cross the

beginning of the runway on its final approach until
the preceding departing aircraft has crossed the end
of the runway or until all preceding landing aircraft
are clear of the runway
26
24/02/2015
Behind departing traffic:

FGV,final
FGV,departing
traffic on
runway,report
shortfinal
Behind departing traffic:
FGV,clear to
land,wind 120 /
12kts
27
24/02/2015
Behind arriving traffic:

FGV,final
FGV,traffic on
runway,report
shortfinal
Behind arriving traffic:
FGV,clear to
land,wind 120 /
12kts
28
24/02/2015
ENDOFTHELESSON
29
24/02/2015
ATSEP12
AVIATIONLAW
Courseprsentation
1.
6.AerodromeControl
7.ApproachControl
8.EnrouteControl
9.AlertingServices
24/02/2015
7. APPROACH CONTROL
7.1ApproachControlService
7.1.1ServiceProvision
7.1.2SeparationofAircraft
7.2InstrumentalFlightProcedure
7.2.1Definition
7.2.2Description
7.2.3NonPrecisionApproach
7.2.4PrecisionApproach
7.2.5RNAVProcedure GNSSProcedure
7.2.6CDAConcept
7.1Approach controlservice
Annex 11/3.2
Approach controlserviceis provided :

1 byanaerodrome controltower (TWR)oranarea
controlcenter(ACC)when it is necessary ordesirable to
combineunder theresponsibility ofoneunitthefunctions of
theapproach controlservice,theaerodrome controlservice
ortheareacontrolservice.
2 byanapproach controlunitwhen it is necessary or
desirable toestablish aseparate unit
24/02/2015
7.1Approachcontrolservice
FL195
Ground/water
FL195
Aerodrome controltower (TWR)

Ground/water
24/02/2015
FL195
Approach controlunit(APP)
Ground/water
Theapproach controlserviceprovides airtraffic

servicestoaircraft:
onarrival,from beginning ofdescent tothevicinity of
destinationaerodrome
ondeparture,from beginning ofclimb tocruising level
24/02/2015
Onarrival:
FL195
Ground/water
Ondeparture:
FL195
Ground/water
24/02/2015
7.1.2SeparationofAircraft
Theseparationminimausedbyanapproachcontrollerare
thesameasforareacontrol:
Verticalseparation
Longitudinalseparation
Radarseparation
7.2.1Definition
Seriesofpredeterminedmanoeuversbyreferenceto
flightinstruments.
Thesemanoeuversarebasedonfacilitiesor
waypointsforaircraftoperatingunder
InstrumentFlightRules(IFR)
24/02/2015
7.2.2Description
TP
IAF
MAPT
FAF
IF
MISSEDAPPROACH
FINAL
INITIAL
INTERMEDIATE
HOLDING
IAF
Arrival
segment
24/02/2015
IAF
Initial,intermediate,final
segments
Arrival
segment
IAF
Arrival
segment
segments
Landing
24/02/2015
IAF
Arrival
segment
segments
Missed approach
segment
IAF
Holding
procedure
Arrival
segment
segments
Missed approach
segment
24/02/2015
Runway
inuse
(southbound)
Arrival
segments
(example)
10
24/02/2015
initial
intermediate,
final
segments
Missed
approach
segment
11
24/02/2015
Holding
procedure
7.2.3NonPrecisionApproach
Horizontaltrackguidanceisprovidedfortheinstrument
finalapproachsegmentby:
VOR
NDB,Locator
LLZ
RNAV
12
24/02/2015
7.2.4PrecisionApproach
Horizontalandverticaltrackguidanceareprovidedforthe
instrumentfinalapproachsegmentby:
ILS
MLS
7.2.5RNAVProcedure GNSSProcedure
EGNOS:GPSsignal
enforcement
TheEuropean program:
GALILEO
13
24/02/2015
7.2.6CDAConcept
TheCDOContinuous Descent OperationsProcedure
ThePrincipeis tosubstituteacontinuous descent tothe
alternancedescent/levelled/descent during thearrival
phaseofanIFRflightifpossiblefrom theendofthecruise
phase.
Avoid thevariationintheengine thrust so astolower the
noisepollution,thefuelconsumption andtheexhaust
fumes.
Fully utilisetheFMStooptimisethetrajectory inthe
verticalplan.
7.2.6CDOConcept
14
24/02/2015
ENDOFTHELESSON
15
24/02/2015
ATSEP12
AVIATIONLAW
Courseprsentation
1.
6.AerodromeControl
7.ApproachControl
8.En routeControl
9.AlertingServices
24/02/2015
8.THEAREACONTROLCENTER
8.1AreaControlService
8.1.1TheAreacontrolserviceprovision
8.1.2TheservicestheACCcan provide
8.1.3Theseparation
8.1.3.1VerticalSeparation
8.1.3.2HorizontalSeparation inNonRadarenvironment
8.1.3.3HorizontalSeparation inRadarenvironment
8.1.4AirTrafficControlClearances
8.1.4.1Departing aircraft
8.1.4.2EnRouteaircraft
8.1.4.3ContentofClearances
8.1.5Coordinationbetween units providing areacontrolservices

8.1.6Computerassisted coordination
8.2ATFM
8.3TCAS
8.4STCA
A quick overview
24/02/2015
1.
2.
3.
4.
Un nouvel environnement
Les textes rglementaires
La RCA et le contrleur
Notre programme
THECONTROLROOM
1960
24/02/2015
THECONTROLROOM
Today
THECONTROLPOSITION
2008
24/02/2015
THETOOLS
Freq.
Printer
Strip/Stripboard
Phone
Radarimage:
labels
FlightPlanInfos
Miscellaneous
informations(NOT
AM,Weather)
8.1Areacontrolservice
8.1.1TheAreaControlServiceProvision
Annex 11/3.2
Areacontrolserviceis provided
1 byanareacontrolcenter(ACC)
2 bytheunitprovidingapproachcontrol
serviceinacontrolzoneorcontrolarea
primarilydesignatedfortheprovisionof
approachcontrolservice
24/02/2015
FL195
Approach controloffice(APP)
Ground/sea
Theareacontrolserviceis aserviceprovided to
aircraft:
cruising
endofclimb
beginning ofdescent
24/02/2015
8.1.2TheServicestheACCcanProvide
FL195
ACCACC
ACC
APP
APP
APP
8.1.3TheSeparation
Separation byanairtraffic controlunitshall be obtained byatleast
oneofthefollowing:
1 verticalseparation,obtained byassigning different levels
2 horizontalseparation,obtained byproviding:
longitudinalseparation,bymaintaininganinterval
betweenaircraftoperatingalongthesame,convergingorreciprocal
tracks,expressedintimeordistance
lateralseparation,bymaintainingaircraftondifferent
routesorindifferentgeographicalareas
24/02/2015
8.1.3TheSeparation
8.1.3.1VerticalSeparation
Verticalseparation inRVSMAirspace:
1000ftseparation minimumuptoFL410
2000ftseparation minimumabove FL410
TheRVSM,Where????
24/02/2015
(DOC4444/III)
8.1.3TheSeparation
8.1.3.2HorizontalSeparationinNONRADARENVIRONMENT
Lateral
separation
15NM
15
Longitudinal
Separation
10mn
10mn
24/02/2015
8.1.3TheSeparation
8.1.3.3HorizontalSeparationinRADARENVIRONMENT
(DOC4444/VI 6.5)
8.1.3TheSeparation
8.1.3.3HorizontalSeparationinRADARENVIRONMENT
Radarseparation technic
5NM
10
24/02/2015
(DOC4444/III 10.1)
8.1.4.1DepartingAircraft
Area control centers forward a clearance to

approach control centers or aerodrome
control towers with the least possible delay
after receipt of request made by these units
(DOC4444/III 10.2.1)
8.1.4.2En RouteAircraft
Airtraffic controlclearancesmustbe issued early

enough toensure that they aretransmitted tothe
aircraft insufficient timeforit tocomply with them
11
24/02/2015
(DOC4444/III 11.1)
8.1.4.3ContentofClearances
Clearancescontain positiveandconcisedataand
shall,asfaraspracticable,be phrased inastandard
manner (phraseologies)
(DOC4444/VIII 4.2.1)
8.1.5Coordinationbetweenunitsprovidingareacontrol
services
Areacontrolcenters forward from centretocentre,asthe

flightprogresses,necessary flightplanandcontrol
information
F BFGV
<6726> 080
EPL
080
080
TOU
DC3 150 LFBO LFPO

150
RLP
02
10
LMG
BALAN
36
10
AMB SW
59
10
38
11
12
24/02/2015
STRIPEXEMPLES
8.1.5Coordinationbetweenunitsprovidingareacontrol
services
Theinformationistransmittedinsuchatimetoallow
receptionandanalysisofthedatabythereceivingcentreand
necessarycoordinationbetweenthetwocentresconcerned.
Coordinationisachievedbymeansof:
phone(vocal)
computers(data)
13
24/02/2015
8.1.6ComputerAssistedCoordination
Bymeansofcomputers,coordinationisautomatic
Thestripsareupdatedforeachcoordinationandtheyare
suppliedtoeachcontrolpositionconcerned,attherighttime
andautomatically.
Ifthereisaproblematanytime,controllersareabletostop
theautomaticcoordinationandreverttotelephoneco
ordination
8.2AirTraficFlowManagement(ATFM)
InEurope,theNetworkManagerOperationsCenter(NMOC
(exCFMU)) locatedinBelgium,isinchargeofAirTrafficFlow
Management(ATFM) .
TheNMOChasbeensetupwithaviewtoincreaseAirTraffic
FlowManagementefficiency
14
24/02/2015
8.2AirTraficFlowManagement(ATFM)
AirtrafficservicesprovideaFlowManagementPosition
(FMP) ineachACCtolinkATC,AO(aircraftoperators)andthe
NMOC
ATSataerodromesshallensurethatflightsadheretothe
departureslotsissuedbytheATFMservices
8.3TCASTrafficalert andCollisionAvoidance System
15
24/02/2015
TCAS
TCAS
16
24/02/2015
8.3TCASTrafficalertandCollisionAvoidanceSystem
Whatdoesthatmean?
The Traffic alert and Collision Avoidance System (or TCAS) is
an aircraft collision avoidance system designed to reduce the
incidence of midair collisions between aircraft. It monitors
the airspace around an aircraft for other aircraft equipped
with a corresponding active transponder, independent of air
traffic control, and warns pilots of the presence of other
transponderequipped aircraft which may present a threat of
midair collision (MAC). It is an implementation of the
Airborne Collision Avoidance System mandated by
International Civil Aviation Organization to be fitted to all
aircraft over 5700 kg or authorised to carry more than 19
passengers.
TCASMessages
TA seulement
TA + RA
17
24/02/2015
8.4STCAShortTimeConflict Alert
Common Goal
Collision
prevention
18
24/02/2015
CommonGoal
CommonGoal
Collision
prevention
Collision
prevention
19
24/02/2015
Date&Location
Tokyo
Yaizu
31 January 2001
Aircraft
JAL958 DC10
Pusan TokyoNarita
237passengers
+3cockpitcrew
+10cabincrew
JAL907 B747400
TokyoHaneda Naha
411passengers
+4cockpitcrew
+12cabincrew
20
24/02/2015
ATC
TokyoACC:
RadarTrainee
RadarInstructor
Coordinator
15:46:38 (LT)
Tokyo
Yaizu
JAL907 B747
Passing FL216
Cleared FL390
JAL958 DC10
FL370
21
24/02/2015
15:54:14
JAL907
B747
366 390
JAL958
DC10
370 370
5344
4334
3324
2314
134
30
134
30
STCA
ATC/RT
TCAS B747
TCAS DC10
B747
366
DC10
370LVL
15:54:15
JAL907
B747
367 390
JAL958
DC10
370 370
5344
4334
3324
2314
STCA
ATC/RT
TCAS B747
TCAS DC10
B747
367
DC10
370LVL
22
24/02/2015
15:54:18
JAL907
B747
367 390
JAL958
DC10
370 370
5344
4334
3324
2314
134
30
STCA
ATC/RT
TCAS B747
TA
TCAS DC10
TA
B747
367
DC10
370LVL
15:54:22
ATC:Hem.JAL907,correDisregard
JAL907
B747
369 390
JAL958
DC10
370 370
5344
4334
3324
2314
134
30
STCA
ATC/RT
TCAS B747
TA
TCAS DC10
TA
B747
367
DC10
370LVL
23
24/02/2015
JAL907,descendandmaintain
FL350,begindescenddueto
traffic
15:54:27
JAL907
B747
369 390
JAL958
DC10
370 370
5344
4334
3324
2314
134
30
STCA
ATC/RT
TCAS B747
TA
TCAS DC10
TA
JAL907
350
B747
367
369
DC10
370LVL
370LVL
JAL907,descendandmaintain
FL350,trafficinsight
(climb,climb,climb)
15:54:34
JAL907
B747
370 350
JAL958
DC10
370 370
5344
4334
3324
2314
134
30
STCA
ATC/RT
TCAS B747
TA
TCAS DC10
TA
JAL907
350
JAL907
350
B747
367
369
371
DC10
370LVL
370LVL
370LVL
24
24/02/2015
JAL958,flyheading130for
spacing
15:54:38
JAL907
B747
371 350
JAL958
DC10
370 370
5344
4334
3324
2314
134
30
STCA
ATC/RT
TCAS B747
TA
TCAS DC10
TA
JAL907
350
JAL907
350
B747
367
369
371
DC10
370LVL
370LVL
370LVL
15:54:49
JAL958
H130
JAL958,flyheading13..140for
spacing
JAL907
B747
371 350
JAL958
DC10
369 370
5344
4334
3324
2314
134
30
STCA
ATC/RT
TCAS B747
TA
TCAS DC10
TA
JAL907
350
JAL907
350
JAL958
H130
JAL958
H140
B747
367
369
371
372
DC10
370LVL
370LVL
370LVL
370
25
24/02/2015
15:54:55
JAL957,begindescend
JAL907
B747
369 350
JAL958
DC10
369 370
5344
4334
3324
2314
134
30
STCA
ATC/RT
TCAS B747
TA
TCAS DC10
TA
JAL907
350
JAL907
350
JAL958
H130
JAL958
H140
JAL957
B747
367
369
371
372
367
DC10
370LVL
370LVL
370LVL
370
366
15:55:02
JAL907,climbandmaintain
FL390
JAL907
B747
366 350
JAL958
DC10
366 370
5344
4334
3324
2314
134
30
STCA
ATC/RT
TCAS B747
TA
TCAS DC10
TA
JAL907
350
JAL907
350
JAL958
H130
JAL958
H140
JAL957
B747
367
369
371
372
367
DC10
370LVL
370LVL
370LVL
370
366
JAL907
390
26
24/02/2015
JAL907
B747
364 350
15:55:06
JAL958
DC10
363 370
5344
4334
3324
2314
134
30
STCA
ATC/RT
TCAS B747
TA
TCAS DC10
TA
JAL907
350
JAL907
350
JAL958
H130
JAL958
H140
JAL957
JAL907
390
B747
367
369
371
372
367
362
DC10
370LVL
370LVL
370LVL
370
366
361
15:55:11
JAL907
B747
360 350
JAL958
DC10
359 370
5344
4334
3324
2314
134
30
STCA
ATC/RT
TCAS B747
TA
TCAS DC10
TA
JAL907
350
JAL907
350
JAL958
H130
JAL958
H140
JAL957
JAL907
390
B747
367
367
371
372
367
362
DC10
370LVL
370LVL
370LVL
370
366
361
27
24/02/2015
135m(
30m)
9seriouslyinjured
91minorinjures
130ft (
70ft)
28
24/02/2015
Pilotstatements:
DC10Captain:
IcouldvisuallyseethetopoftheB747fuselage.
Abigaircraftpassedbelowouraircraftinaninstant.
DC10Copilot:
Isawtheotheraircraftbecomelargerandlarger
[it]wassoclosethatIthoughtitstailwouldsnagour
aircraft.
B747Captain:
TheDc10appearedtofillthewindshield
Isolatedevent?
Similareventshaveoccurredagain
Characteristicsofthecollisionpreventionactors
theyhaveaccesstotwodifferentalertingsystem
theymighthavedivergentplans
theyarenotinformedabouteachothersplans
theymightworkonanoverlappingtimeframe
theyareworkingunderextremepressure
Trainingcanmitigateadversesystemeffects,butthecauses
willcontinuetoexist.
29
24/02/2015
ENDOFTHELESSON
30
24/02/2015
ATSEP12
AVIATIONLAW
Courseprsentation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Aerodrome Control
7.
Approach Control
8.
En-route Control
9.
Alerting Services
24/02/2015
09 Alerting service
09.1 General
09.2 Operationsnormal
09.3 Provisionofalerting service
09.4 Phasesoftheemergency
09.5 NotificationofRCC
09.6 Informationtotheoperator
09.7 Informationtoaircraft
Annex2
Definitions
09.1 General
9.1.1 definition
Aserviceprovided tonotify appropriate
organizations regarding aircraft inneed ofsearch
andrescue aid,andassist such organizations as
required.
24/02/2015
Annex11 5.1.1
9.1.2 beneficiaries
Alerting serviceshall be provided :
a)forallaircraft provided with airtraffic controlservice;
b)inso faraspracticable,toallother aircraft having filed a
flightplanorotherwise known totheairtraffic services;
c)toany aircraft known orbelieved tobe thesubject of
unlawful interference.
Doc4444 9.2.1.1
9.2 operations normal

When so required bytheappropriate ATS
authority tofacilitate theprovisionofalerting and
search andrescue services,anaircraft,prior to
andwhen operatingwithin orinto designated
areasoralong designated routes,shall comply
with theprovisionsconcerning thesubmission,
completion,changing andclosing ofaflightplan.
24/02/2015
Doc4444 9.2.1.29
Inaddition,aircraft shall reportduring theperiod

twenty toforty minutesfollowing thetimeoflast
contact,whatever thepurpose ofsuch contact,
merely toindicate that theflightis progressing
according toplan,such reporttocomprise
identificationoftheaircraft andthewords :
Operationsnormal.
Doc4444 9.2.1note
Whenever applied,theprocedures forthe

provisionofairtraffic controlserviceorairtraffic
advisory servicetake theplaceoftheOperations
normalprocedures,except when relevant
procedures donotcallformorethan hourly
positionreports,inwhich casetheOperations
normalprocedure applies.
24/02/2015
Annex11 Definitions
9.3 Provisionofalerting service

9.3.1 Rescue Cordination Centre:definition
Aunitresponsible forpromoting efficient
organization ofsearch andrescue servicesandfor
coordinating theconduct ofsearch andrescue
operations within asearch andrescue region.
24/02/2015
Annex11 5.1.2
9.3.2 Centralpoint
Flightinformationcentresorareacontrolcentres
shall serveasthecentralpointforcollecting all
informationrelevanttoastateofemergencyofan
aircraft operatingwithin theflightinformation
region orcontrolareaconcerned andfor
forwarding such informationtotheappropriate
rescue coordinationcentre.
Annex11 5.1.3
9.3.3 Inanaerodrome controltower oraproach

controlunit
Intheevent ofastateofemergencyarising toan
aircraft while it is under thecontrolofTWRor
APP,such unitshall notify immediately theflight
informationcentreorareacontrolcentre(ACC)
responsible which shall inturn notify therescue
coordinationcentre(RCC).
24/02/2015
A F
C I
C S
TWR / APP
R
C
C
Annex11 5.1.3.1
Nevertheless,whenever theurgency ofthesituationso requires,

theaerodrome controltower orapproach controlunit
responsible shall firstalert andtake other necessary steps to
setinmotionallappropriate localrescue andemergency
organizations which can give theimmediate assistance
required.
24/02/2015
Doc4444 9.2.2.2
9.3.4 Positionoftheaircraft is indoubt

When thepositionoftheaircraft is indoubt andtheflight
is operated through morethan oneFIRorcontrolarea,
responsibility forcoordinating alerting serviceshall rest
with theATSunitoftheFIRorcontrolarea:
a)within which theaircraft was flying atthetimeoflast
radiocontact;
b)that theaircraft was abouttoenterwhen last
contactwas established atorclosetotheboundary of
two FIRs orcontrolareas;
Doc4444 9.2.2.2
c)within which theaircrafts intermediate stoporfinal

destinationpointis located :
iftheaircraft was notequipped with
radiocommunicationequipment ;or
was notunder obligationtotransmitpositionreports.
24/02/2015
Doc4444 9.2.2.3
9.3.5 Role oftheunitresponsible foralerting service

notify units providing alerting serviceinother affected
FIRs orcontrolareas,inadditiontonotifying therescue
coordinationcentreassociated with it ;
request those units toassist inthesearch forany useful
informationpertaining totheaircraft presumed tobe in
anemergency,byallappropriate means ;
Doc4444 9.2.2.3
collect theinformationgathered during each phaseof

theemergencyand,after verifying it asnecessary,
transmitit totheRCC;
announce thetermination ofthestateofemergencyas
circumstances dictate.
24/02/2015
9.4 Phasesoftheemergency
Uncertainty phase
Alert phase
INCERFA
ALERFA
Distress phase
DETRESFA
19
Annex 11 5.2.1
9.4.1 Uncertainty phase INCERFA

a)nocommunicationhasbeenreceived from an
aircraft within aperiod ofthirty minutesafter
thetimeacommunicationshould havebeen
received,orfrom thetimeanunsuccessful
attempt toestablish communicationwith such
aircraft was firstmade,whichever is theearlier,
orwhen
10
24/02/2015
Annex11 5.2.1
b)anaircraft fails toarrivewithin thirty minutes

oftheestimated timeofarrival lastnotified toor
estimated byairtraffic servicesunits,whichever
is thelater
except when nodoubt exists astothesafety ofthe
aircraft andits occupants.
Annex11 5.2.1
9.4.2 Alert phaseALERFA

a)following theuncertainty phase,subsequent attempts
toestablish communicationwith theaircraft orinquiries
toother relevantsourceshavefailed toreveal any news
oftheaircraft,orwhen
b)anaircraft hasbeencleared tolandandfails toland
within fiveminutesoftheestimated timeoflandingand
communicationhasnotbeenreestablished with the
aircraft,orwhen
11
24/02/2015
Annex11 5.2.1
c)informationhasbeenreceived which indicates that the

operatingefficiency oftheaircraft hasbeenimpaired,but
nottotheextent that aforced landingis likely,
except when evidence exists that would allay apprehension
astothesafety oftheaircraft andits occupants,orwhen
d)anaircraft is known orbelieved tobe thesubject of
unlawful interference.
Annex11 5.2.1
9.4.3 Distress phase DETRESFA

a)following thealert phase,further unsuccessful
attempts toestablish communicationwith theaircraft
andmorewidespread unsuccessful inquiries pointtothe
probability that theaircraft is indistress,orwhen
b)thefuelonboard is considered tobe exhausted,orto
be insufficient toenable theaircraft toreach safety,or
when
12
24/02/2015
Annex11 5.2.1
c)informationis received which indicates that the

operatingefficiency oftheaircraft hasbeenimpaired to
theextent that aforced landingis likely,orwhen
d)informationis received orit is reasonably certainthat
theaircraft is abouttomake orhasmadeaforced
landing,
except when there is reasonable certainty that theaircraft
andits occupantsarenotthreatened bygraveand
imminentdangeranddonotrequire immediate assistance.
13
24/02/2015
Annex 11 5.2.2
9.5 NotificationofRCC
Thenotificationshall contain such ofthefollowing information
asis available intheorder listed:
a)INCERFA,ALERFAorDETRESFA,asappropriate tothe
phaseoftheemergency;
b)agency andperson calling ;
c)natureoftheemergency;
d)significant informationfrom theflightplan;
e)unitwhich madelastcontact,timeandmeans used ;
Annex 11 5.2.2
f)lastpositionreportandhowdetermined;
g)colour anddistinctivemarksofaircraft;
h)dangerous goods carried ascargo;
i)any actiontaken byreporting office;and
j)other pertinentremarks.
14
24/02/2015
Annex 11 5.5.1
9.6 Informationtotheoperator
When anareacontroloraflightinformationcentre
decides that anaircraft is intheuncertainty orthealert
phase,it shall,when practicable,advise theoperator prior
tonotifying therescue coordinationcentre.
Ifanaircraft is inthedistress phase,therescue coordination
centrehastobe notified immediately.
Annex 11 5.5.1
Allinformationnotified totherescue coordinationcentre

shall,whenever practicable,also be communicated,
without delay,totheoperator.
15
24/02/2015
Annex 11 5.6.1
9.7 Informationtoaircraft
When it hasbeenestablished byanairtraffic servicesunit
that anaircraft is inastateofemergency,other aircraft
known tobe inthevicinity oftheaircraft involved shall,be
informed ofthenatureoftheemergencyassoon as
practicable.
Annex 11 5.6.1
When anairtraffic servicesunitknows orbelieves that an

aircraft is being subjected tounlawful interference,no
reference shall be madeinATSairground communications
tothenatureoftheemergencyunless
it hasfirstbeenreferred toincommunicationsfrom the
aircraft involved andit is certainthat such reference will
notaggravate thesituation.
16
24/02/2015
ENDOFTHELESSON
17

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ATSEP12 Aviation Law Booklet

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2015

ATSEP12 Aviation law

ICAO Presentation and Regulation Texts

Altimetry and Altimeter Setting

Aircraft, Air traffic, Rules of the Air, Flight Plan

ATS Route, Airspace, Aerodrome, Services, Units

Phraseology, Clearances and Co-ordinations

ICAOPresentation andRegulation Texts

International CivilAviation Organisation

Some events ...

Experts groups from Commissions

ATMCP, AWOP, AMCP, ATNP, OPLINK

Airrules (SERAat European Level)

Aircraft technical exploitation(3volumes)

Aircraft navigability certificate

Aeronautical telecommunications (5volumes)

Airtraffic services(SERAatEuropean Level)

Safety according tothedangerous goods

Annex 19Safety Management

technical exploitationof aircraft (vol1,2)

supplementary regional procedures

Functional Airspace Blocks

European Civil Aviation Conference

European Civil Aviation Conference : (ECAC)

European Aviation Safety Agency

Functional Airspace Blocks

Baltic FAB (Lithuania &

FAB Europe Central

FAB Central Europe (Austria,

South West FAB (Spain &

Egypt, Tunisia, Jordan &

Functional Airspace Blocks

Balance the cost

Functional Airspace Blocks

ICAO Presentation and Regulation Texts

Altimetry and Altimeter Setting

Aircraft, Air traffic, Rules of the Air, Flight Plan

ATS Route, Airspace, Aerodrome, Services, Units

Phraseology, Clearances and Co-ordinations

Conversion method: feet into meters

1hPa pour 8,3

Inthevicinity of1013.25Hpa,thecurve is closetoalinear

Mean Sea Level

Mean Sea Level

ICAO Presentation and Regulation Texts

Altimetry and Altimeter Setting

Aircraft, Air traffic, Rules of the Air, Flight Plan

ATS Route, Airspace, Aerodrome, Services, Units

Phraseology, Clearances and Co-ordinations

Airspace users:two different kinds ofairtraffic

prevent collisionsbetween aircrafts

expedite andmaintain anorderly flowofairtraffic

Units providing airtraffic controlservice,theflightinformationservice

Units providing only flightinformationserviceandalerting service:

anaircraft shall notbe operated inanegligent manner

anaircraft shall notbe flown overcongested areasorcities

when two aircrafts areonaheadoncourse,()each shall

Theoperation ofanaircraft either inflightoronthemovement

These rules apply when themeteorological conditionsare

These rules apply when themeteorological conditionsare

ICAO REGION DESIGNATOR

InEurope,thepilotflightplanis treated byautomatic systems

EA32 150 FFBO LFPO

EA32 150 LFBO LFPO