ArduDroid: Simple Bluetooth control for Arduin...

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ArduDroid: A Simple 2-Way Bluetooth-based Android

Controller for Arduino

(/uploads/2/0/3/1/20316977/9848991_orig.png)

(https://play.google.com/store
/apps/details?id=com.techbitar.android.Andruino)
UPDATES
October 30, 2013 - 7PM (GMT+2) The new official name for this app is ArduDroid
and it can be installed from Google Play. I changed the name to avoid a naming
conflict with another app.
September 15, 2013: I Have won a Nexus 7 tablet for this project part of a competition
held by Instructables.com (http://www.instructables.com/contest/rc2013/) Thanks to
everyone who voted.
August 18, 2013: I have uploaded the Anrduino 0.11 alpha version with fixes to key bugs
reported by users.
July 10, 2013: Featured on MAKEZINE http://makezine.com (http://makezine.com
/page-2/)
July 8, 2013: Featured on Hackaday http://goo.gl/Lim0W (http://goo.gl/Lim0W)
July 7, 2013: I have completed a comprehensive round of testing and will be uploading the
beta, with minor UI updates.
July 4, 2013: Featured on Dangerous Prototypes http://goo.gl/HZatN (http://goo.gl/HZatN)
INTRODUCTION
ARDUDROID (formerly Andruino) is a simple Android app to help you control the pins of your
Arduino Uno (or clone) from your Android phone wirelessly. It's both an Android app and an
Arduino program. ArduDroid employs a simple Android user interface to 1) control Arduino Uno's
digital and PWM pins 2) send text commands to Arduino 3) and receive data from Arduino over
Bluetooth serial using the ever popular and really cheap (less than $10 from ebay
(http://www.ebay.com/itm/30ft-Wireless-Bluetooth-RF-Transceiver-Module-serial-RS232-TTL-HC05-for-arduino-/310540196588?pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item484da35aec)) HC-05
Bluetooth over serial module.
This app has been tested and designed for the HC-05 Serial Bluetooth module. Other
Bluetooth modules may or may not work. Also, while I used Arduino Uno in this prototype, feel
free to experiment with other models of Arduino.
I have published a guide before on building and programming a circuit with the HC-05 Bluetooth
(http://www.instructables.com/id/Cheap-2-Way-Bluetooth-Connection-BetweenArduino-a/) module and Arduino but I will briefly describe again in this guide how to wire the circuit
using a breadboard and jumper wires.
Special thanks to engineer Jafar Quttaineh for testing the app and for his invaluable input.

How to use ArduDroid

You can use ArduDroid to send commands to Arduino to control a relay to turn electric gadgets
on/off, control a robot servo, increase/decrease speed of a motor and reverse direction, dim a
light, speed up a fan, and so on. Furthermore, you can read Arduino pins and sensors then
transmit the data back to your android phone.

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ARDUDROID: The 2-Way Android Controller for Arduino vi...

ArduDroid Components
Hardware
Android device running version 2.3.3 or higher with Bluetooth.
Arduino Uno or compatible,
CD4050 (http://www.ebay.com/itm/10pcs-TI-CD4050BE-DIP-16-CD4050-100-original/330827278591?pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&hash=item4d06d7a8ff)level shifter IC or 2K
Ohms & 1K Ohms resistors as voltage dividers.
HC-05 (http://www.ebay.com/itm/30ft-Wireless-Bluetooth-RF-Transceiver-Module-serialRS232-TTL-HC-05-for-arduino-/310540196588?pt=LH_DefaultDomain_0&
hash=item484da35aec) Bluetooth module. Other Bluetooth over serial modules may or
may not work.
Breadboard & jumper wires.
Power source.
Arduino IDE Software
Arduino IDE (http://arduino.cc/en/main/software) 1.05 or later
You can install the latest version of ArduDroid from Google Play.
Certificate fingerprints for 0.11 Alpha (before Google Play):
MD5 : BA:80:C2:6A:68:31:8F:21:D6:FC:08:8E:09:D8:F5:CF
SHA1: 04:EA:2E:47:80:71:BE:D9:D2:ED:86:5F:15:1F:1E:9E:77:62:DB:85
Bug fixes:
- Annoying disconnect message removed .
- Bluetooth connection no longer disconnects when device orientation changes.
2) The ardudroid.ino is the accompanying sketch/firmware for the Arduino Uno
(/uploads/2/0/3/1/20316977/ardudroid.ino)
ardudroid.ino

Download File (/uploads/2/0/3/1/20316977/ardudroid.ino)

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/*
PROJECT: ArduDroid
PROGRAMMER: Hazim Bitar (techbitar at gmail dot com)
DATE: Oct 31, 2013
FILE: ardudroid.ino
LICENSE: Public domain
*/
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define
#define

START_CMD_CHAR '*'
END_CMD_CHAR '#'
DIV_CMD_CHAR '|'
CMD_DIGITALWRITE 10
CMD_ANALOGWRITE 11
CMD_TEXT 12
CMD_READ_ARDUDROID 13
MAX_COMMAND 20 // max command number code. used for error checking.
MIN_COMMAND 10 // minimum command number code. used for error checking.
IN_STRING_LENGHT 40
MAX_ANALOGWRITE 255
PIN_HIGH 3
PIN_LOW 2

String inText;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.println("ArduDroid 0.12 Alpha by TechBitar (2013)");
Serial.flush();
}
void loop()
{
Serial.flush();
int ard_command = 0;
int pin_num = 0;
int pin_value = 0;
char get_char = ' ';

//read serial

// wait for incoming data

if (Serial.available() < 1) return; // if serial empty, return to loop().
// parse incoming command start flag
get_char = Serial.read();
if (get_char != START_CMD_CHAR) return; // if no command start flag, return to loop
// parse incoming command type
ard_command = Serial.parseInt(); // read the command
// parse incoming pin# and value
pin_num = Serial.parseInt(); // read the pin
pin_value = Serial.parseInt(); // read the value
// 1) GET TEXT COMMAND FROM ARDUDROID
if (ard_command == CMD_TEXT){
inText =""; //clears variable for new input
while (Serial.available()) {
char c = Serial.read(); //gets one byte from serial buffer
delay(5);
if (c == END_CMD_CHAR) { // if we the complete string has been read
// add your code here
break;
}
else {
if (c != DIV_CMD_CHAR) {
inText += c;
delay(5);
}
}
}
}
// 2) GET digitalWrite DATA FROM ARDUDROID
if (ard_command == CMD_DIGITALWRITE){
if (pin_value == PIN_LOW) pin_value = LOW;
else if (pin_value == PIN_HIGH) pin_value = HIGH;
else return; // error in pin value. return.
set_digitalwrite( pin_num, pin_value); // Uncomment this function if you wish t
return; // return from start of loop()
}
// 3) GET analogWrite DATA FROM ARDUDROID
if (ard_command == CMD_ANALOGWRITE) {
analogWrite( pin_num, pin_value );
// add your code here
return; // Done. return to loop();
}
// 4) SEND DATA TO ARDUDROID
if (ard_command == CMD_READ_ARDUDROID) {
// char send_to_android[] = "Place your text here." ;
// Serial.println(send_to_android);
// Example: Sending text
Serial.print(" Analog 0 = ");
Serial.println(analogRead(A0)); // Example: Read and send Analog pin value to Ar
return; // Done. return to loop();
}
}
// 2a) select the requested pin# for DigitalWrite action
void set_digitalwrite(int pin_num, int pin_value)
{
switch (pin_num) {

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case 13:
pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(13, pin_value);
// add your code here
break;
case 12:
pinMode(12, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(12, pin_value);
// add your code here
break;
case 11:
pinMode(11, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(11, pin_value);
// add your code here
break;
case 10:
pinMode(10, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(10, pin_value);
// add your code here
break;
case 9:
pinMode(9, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(9, pin_value);
// add your code here
break;
case 8:
pinMode(8, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(8, pin_value);
// add your code here
break;
case 7:
pinMode(7, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(7, pin_value);
// add your code here
break;
case 6:
pinMode(6, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(6, pin_value);
// add your code here
break;
case 5:
pinMode(5, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(5, pin_value);
// add your code here
break;
case 4:
pinMode(4, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(4, pin_value);
// add your code here
break;
case 3:
pinMode(3, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(3, pin_value);
// add your code here
break;
case 2:
pinMode(2, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(2, pin_value);
// add your code here
break;
// default:
// if nothing else matches, do the default
// default is optional
}
}

Wiring the Circuit

Please note that while my actual prototype uses the CD4050 IC to level shift from 5V to 3.3V, in
the diagram below I am using a voltage divider because I believe it will be simpler for most people
to acquire the resistors than the IC. You only need to drop the Arduino's TX voltage to 3.3V to
match the RX of the HC-05. The Arduino's RX pin can handle the HC-05 incoming TX signal
which is 3.3V.
I used 2K and 1K ohms resistors in my circuit diagram to drop 5V to 3.3V but you can use
different resistor values. Google "voltage divider calculator" and use the myriad calculators to
determine what other resistor values work best for you.

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Andruino running on my android and next to it a test circuit using the HC-05 Bluetooth module.

How to modify the Arduino companion program

On the Arduino side I have included a skeletal program that intercepts and processes
the ArduDroid Commands issued from your Android device. You can update the Arduino code
according to your project needs.
ArduDroid is both an Android app that sends/receives data from Arduino with the help of an
Arduino sketch named ardudroid.ino In this sketch, there are four code blocks supporting the four
key functions of ArduDroid. You can modify these code blocks to suit your requirements.
They are labeled according to their function in a comment line at the start of each code block. I
inserted a comment "// add your code here" to help you find and place your code, but you can
decide how you wish to modify the functional code blocks.

1) Control analogWrite pins

This is the code block that receives the PWM value from 0 to 255 that you send from Android to
control the PWM designated Arduino Uno pins 11,9,10,5,4,3. You can add code to control a motor
for a robot or fan, for example, to speed it up or slow it down. Or you can send a command to dim
a light.

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// 3) GET analogWrite DATA FROM ARDUDROID

if (ard_command == CMD_ANALOGWRITE) {
analogWrite( pin_num, pin_value );
// add your code here
return; // Done. return to loop();
}

2) Control digitalWrite pins

This is the code block that receives from Android the pin number and the ON/OFF (HIGH/LOW)
value to toggle the corresponding pin. You can turn a relay on /off to switch an electrical device.
Please note that this code block calls a function set_digitalwrite() which has a Switch/Case
structure to give you room to write code to act on each pin separately.
// 2) GET digitalWrite DATA FROM ARDUDROID
if (ard_command == CMD_DIGITALWRITE){
if (pin_value == PIN_LOW) pin_value = LOW;
else if (pin_value == PIN_HIGH) pin_value = HIGH;
else return; // error in pin value. return.
set_digitalwrite( pin_num, pin_value); // Uncomment this function if you wish to use
return; // return from start of loop()
}
// 2a) select the requested pin# for DigitalWrite action
void set_digitalwrite(int pin_num, int pin_value)
{
switch (pin_num) {
case 13:
pinMode(13, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(13, pin_value);
// add your code here
break;
. . .
. . .
. . .
case 2:

pinMode(2, OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(2, pin_value);
// add your code here
break;
// default:
// if nothing else matches, do the default
// default is optional
}}

3) Send text/command from Android to Arduino

This is the code block that handles the text you type in the field next to Send Data button. For
example, you can send a password to activate/login into a system. Or you can send text to an
LCD connected to Arduino to display something.
// 1) GET TEXT COMMAND FROM ARDUDROID
if (ard_command == CMD_TEXT){
inText =""; //clears variable for new input
while (Serial.available()) {
char c = Serial.read(); //gets one byte from serial buffer

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delay(5);
if (c == END_CMD_CHAR) { // if we the complete string has been read
// add your code here
break;
}
else {
if (c != DIV_CMD_CHAR) {
inText += c;
delay(5);
} } } }

4) Get text/command from Arduino

This code block sends anything you want from Arduino to your Android. In my sample code
below, I send the value of analog pin 0 whenever I press the Get Data button. Since analog pin is
not connected to anything in the demo video, I was getting ambient noise values. Please note
that there is no error detection/correction in my code block. If accuracy is critical to your app,
make sure you add error detection such as visual markers to enclose the data being sent or a
checksum .
// 4) SEND DATA TO ARDUDROID
if (ard_command == CMD_READ_ARDUDROID) {
// char send_to_android[] = "Place your text here." ;
// Serial.println(send_to_android); // Example: Sending text
Serial.print(" Analog 0 = ");
Serial.println(analogRead(A0)); // Example: Read and send Analog pin value to Arduino
return; // Done. return to loop();
}}

Alternatives to ArduDroid
There are a quite a few solutions to enable Android-Arduino integration. The more expensive
ones involve specialized and costly hardware such as Google's ADK, but by far the cheapest
and in my opinion the simplest is the Bluetooth integration using the HC-05. I expect WiFi to
eventually replace Bluetooth with the help of WiFi Direct (point to point WiFi communications
without a router) but his is a couple of years down the road.
As for Bluetooth-based solution for Android to Arduino communication, you can find a few
approaches to pick from depending on your project needs and the degree of abstraction you are
looking for. Some approaches use a terminal app on the Android such as Blueterm to send and
receive raw text data from Arduino over Bluetooth SPP. Others solutions employ a
comprehensive library such as Amarino. My ArduDroid sits in the middle.

License
Copyright 2013 Hazim Bitar Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you
may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
(http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is
distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND,
either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.

NOTES
I will do my best to support ArduDroid in my spare time and I am hoping those of you who find this tool useful will
share expertise with others. Please drop me a note if you run into any bugs running ArduDroid on your device. Kindly
note the device model and OS version as well as other useful info.
You can drop me a note via the contact form or email techbitar at gmail dot com.

FREE WEBSITE (HTTP://WWW.WEEBLY.COM/?UTM_SOURCE=INTERNAL&UTM_MEDIUM=FOOTER&UTM_CAMPAIGN=3)

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