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Dr. MOHD. HAMRAJ et al.

DATE OF PUBLICATION: DEC 03, 2014

ISSN: 2348-4098
VOL 2 ISSUE 8 NOV-DEC 2014

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON BINARY BLENDED HIGH STRENGTH STEEL FIBRE


REINFORCED CONCRETE USING ALCCOFINE AS MINERAL ADMIXTURE

Dr. MOHD. HAMRAJ
Professor, Civil Engineering, MJ College of Engineering and Technology, Telangana, INDIA
Email: hamraj567@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Cement concrete is the most widely used material for various constructions. The amount of cement production emits
approximately equal amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Availability of mineral admixtures marked opening of a
new era for designing concrete mix of higher and higher strength. Research work has been done on the properties of durability
of concrete binary blended with ALCCOFINE 1203 without steel fibres. Hence an attempt has been made in this investigation
on partial replacement of cement with ALCCOFINE 1203 along with incorporation of crimped steel fibres of two aspect ratios
with different percentages of the volume concrete. To attain the setout objectives of the present investigation, M50 grade
concrete has been taken as reference concrete. Fresh concrete properties like slump, compaction factor and hardened concrete
properties like residual compressive strength and weight loss have been studied. It is found that the Residual Compressive
Strength of blended concrete is 4 to 9% greater than the OPCC mix after immersion in HCl, 7 to 10% greater than the OPCC
mix after immersion in H2SO4 and 4 to 8% greater than the OPCC mix after the immersion in MgSO4 for duration of 30 to 90
days. The loss in weight of blended concrete is 4 to 7% lesser than the OPCC mix after the immersion in HCl, 6 to 14% lesser
than the OPCC mix after the immersion in H2SO4 and 5 to 7% lesser than the OPCC mix after the immersion in MgSO4 for
duration of 30 to 90 days.

1. NEED OF THE PRESENT STUDY


Many researchers have studied the properties of
ordinary Portland cement concrete and fibre reinforced
concrete using Fly ash, Silica fume, Metakaoline, Rise
husk ash, GGBS, etc., as cement replacement materials.
Very few researchers have done work using Alccofine
1203 as cement replacement material. No researchers
have made an attempt with addition of steel fibres to
binary blended concrete using Alccofine 1203 as mineral
admixture. Due to the associated environmental
pollution caused in the production of cement to reserve
the virgin raw materials used in cement making for
future generations and at the same time due to the
availability of supplementary cementing materials like
Alccofine 1203 which is an engineered material, an
attempt has been made to study strength and durability
properties of concrete blended with Alccofine 1203 with
and without crimped steel fibres. Not much literature is
available on durability properties of binary blended
concrete using Alccofine 1203. Also no compressive
study was done on strength and durability properties of
Alccofine 1203 blended concrete using crimped steel
fibres.

2. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM

2.1 Mix Design of M50 Grade Concrete


In the present study high strength concrete of M50
grade. The investigation has adopted Erntroy and Shack
Lock method of mix design. Using this method the mix
proportions obtained is Fine aggregate: Coarse
aggregate: Cement is 1:0.95:2.68 with Water Cement
Ratio: 0.33.
2.2 Compressive Strength of Concrete
A test on Compressive strength was conducted on
universal testing machine on different mixes of M50
grade, before and after the immersion of specimens in
acids namely HCl, H2SO4 and MgSO4. The specimens
which are immersed in the acids are tested after a period
of 30, 60 and 90 days and residual compressive strength
and percentage weight loss is determined and compared
with the ordinary Portland cement. The comparison
indicates an increase in the residual compressive
strength and decrease in the percentage weight loss as
shown in Table 1.

Hence, considering the gap in existing literature an


attempt has been made to study the strength and
durability properties of Alccofine blended concrete with
and without crimped steel fibres.
1.1 Objectives of the Present Study

as mineral admixture by incorporating crimped steel


fibres of different aspect ratios.
To determine the residual compressive strength and
percentage weight loss of binary blended steel fibre
reinforced concrete.

To study the durability properties of binary blended


steel fibre reinforced concrete with Alccofine 1203

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Dr. MOHD. HAMRAJ et al.


DATE OF PUBLICATION: DEC 03, 2014

ISSN: 2348-4098
VOL 2 ISSUE 8 NOV-DEC 2014

Table 1 Compressive Strength of OPCC, BBC and BB


SFRC Mixes
2)

3)

4)

2.3 Trial Mix Proportions and Compressive Strength


of Binary Blended Mixes
Five trail mixes were conducted with M50 grade
concrete with partial replacement of cement with
different percentages of Alccofine 1203 i.e., 5%, 10%,
15% and 20% and then evaluating the compressive
strength as shown in Table 2.

5)

Table 2 Trial Mix Proportions and Compressive Strength


of Binary Blended Mixes
6)

30 days, zero to eight percent for a period of 60 days


and zero to ten percent for a period of 90 days
respectively.
Table 3 gives the percentage weight loss of BBC mix
after immersion in 5% HCl solution. These values
vary from zero to one percent for a period of 30
days, zero to three percent for a period of 60 days
and zero to four percent for a period of 90 days
respectively.
Table 3 gives the percentage weight loss of SFRC mix
of type SFRC (1.560) after immersion in 5% HCl
solution. These values vary from zero to two percent
for a period of 30 days, zero to two percent for a
period of 60 days and zero to three percent for a
period of 90 days respectively.
Table 3 gives the percentage weight loss of mix of
type SFRC (1.5100) after immersion in 5% HCl
solution. These values vary from zero to three
percent for a period of 30 days, zero to three percent
for a period of 60 days and zero to four percent for a
period of 90 days respectively.
Table 3 gives the percentage weight loss of mix of
type BBSFRC (1.560) after immersion in 5% HCl
solution. These values vary from zero to one percent
for a period of 30 days, zero to two percent for a
period of 60 days and zero to two percent for a
period of 90 days respectively.
Table 3 gives the percentage weight loss of mix of
type BBSFRC (1.5100) after immersion in 5% HCl
solution. These values vary from zero to one percent
for a period of 30 days, zero to two percent for a
period of 60 days and zero to two percent for a
period of 90 days respectively.
The percentage weight loss of OPCC, BBC, SFRC and
BBSFRC mixes increases after immersing in 5% HCl
solution corresponding to the time of exposure as
shown in Fig 1.

Table 3 Loss in weight of OPCC, SFRC & BBSFRC mixes


after immersion in

3. DISCUSSIONS OF EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS


3.1 Durability studies of OPCC, BBC, SFRC AND BB
SFRC mixes when exposed to different solutions for
30, 60 and 90 days

Tables 3 to 5 give the values of loss in weight due to


chemical attack in 5% HCl, 5% H2SO4 and 5% MgSO4.
Tables 6 to 8 give the values of loss in compressive
strength due to chemical attack in 5% HCl, 5% H2SO4
and 5% MgSO4.

3.2 Studies of loss in weight of OPCC, BBC, SFRC and


BBSFRC mixes after immersion in different
solutions
3.2.1 Loss in weight of specimens after immersion in
5% HCl Solution
1) Table 3 gives the percentage weight loss of OPCC
mix after immersion in 5% HCl solution. These
values vary from zero to six percent for a period of

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Dr. MOHD. HAMRAJ et al.


DATE OF PUBLICATION: DEC 03, 2014

ISSN: 2348-4098
VOL 2 ISSUE 8 NOV-DEC 2014

Table 4 Loss in weight of OPCC, SFRC & BBSFRC mixes


after immersion in H2SO4 (5% dilution)


Figure 1: Percentage Loss in Weight of all Mixes when
immersed in 5% HCl for different number of days
3.2.2 Loss in weight of specimens after immersion in
5% H2SO4 Solution
1) Table 4 gives the percentage weight loss of OPCC
mix after immersion in 5% HCl solution. These
values vary from zero to nine percent for a period of
30 days, zero to fourteen percent for a period of 60
days and zero to twenty two percent for a period of
90 days respectively.
2) Table 4 gives the percentage weight loss of BBC mix
after immersion in 5% HCl solution. These values
vary from zero to three percent for a period of 30
days, zero to five percent for a period of 60 days and
zero to eight percent for a period of 90 days
respectively.
3) Table 4 gives the percentage weight loss of SFRC mix
of type SFRC (1.560) after immersion in 5% HCl
solution. These values vary from zero to four
percent for a period of 30 days, zero to seven
percent for a period of 60 days and zero to eleven
percent for a period of 90 days respectively.
4) Table 4 gives the percentage weight loss of mix of
type SFRC (1.5100) after immersion in 5% HCl
solution. These values vary from zero to four
percent for a period of 30 days, zero to ten percent
for a period of 60 days and zero to fourteen percent
for a period of 90 days respectively.
5) Table 4 gives the percentage weight loss of mix of
type BBSFRC (1.560) after immersion in 5% HCl
solution. These values vary from zero to two percent
for a period of 30 days, zero to four percent for a
period of 60 days and zero to six percent for a period
of 90 days respectively.
6) Table 4 gives the percentage weight loss of mix of
type BBSFRC (1.5100) after immersion in 5% HCl
solution. These values vary from zero to two percent
for a period of 30 days, zero to six percent for a
period of 60 days and zero to seven percent for a
period of 90 days respectively.
Percentage Loss in Weight of all Mixes when
immersed in 5% H2SO4 for different number of days
as shown in Fig. 2.


Fig.2 Percentage Loss in Weight of all Mixes when
immersed in 5% H2SO4 for different number of days
3.2.3 Loss in weight of specimens after immersion in
5% MgSO4 Solution
1) Table 5 gives the percentage weight loss of OPCC
mix after immersion in 5% HCl solution. These
values vary from zero to seven percent for a period
of 30 days, zero to ten percent for a period of 60
days and zero to twelve percent for a period of 90
days respectively.
2) Table 5 gives the percentage weight loss of BBC mix
after immersion in 5% HCl solution. These values
vary from zero to two percent % for a period of 30
days, zero to four percent for a period of 60 days and
zero to five percent for a period of 90 days
respectively.
3) Table 5 gives the percentage weight loss of SFRC mix
of type SFRC (1.560) after immersion in 5% HCl
solution. These values vary from zero to three
percent for a period of 30 days, zero to three percent
for a period of 60 days and zero to five percent for a
period of 90 days respectively.
4) Table 5 gives the percentage weight loss of mix of
type SFRC (1.5100) after immersion in 5% HCl
solution. These values vary from zero to four

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58

Dr. MOHD. HAMRAJ et al.


DATE OF PUBLICATION: DEC 03, 2014

ISSN: 2348-4098
VOL 2 ISSUE 8 NOV-DEC 2014

percent for a period of 30 days, zero to five percent


for a period of 60 days and zero to five percent for a
period of 90 days respectively.
5) Table 5 gives the percentage weight loss of mix of
type BBSFRC (1.560) after immersion in 5% HCl
solution. These values vary from zero to one percent
for a period of 30 days, zero to two percent for a
period of 60 days and zero to three percent for a
period of 90 days respectively.
6) Table 5 gives the percentage weight loss of mix of
type BBSFRC (1.5100) after immersion in 5% HCl
solution. These values vary from zero to two percent
for a period of 30 days, zero to three percent for a
period of 60 days and zero to three percent for a
period of 90 days respectively.

The percentage weight loss of BBC and BBSFRC
mixes is decreasing due to the partial replacement of
cement with 15% ALCCOFINE and 20% FLY ASH and
due to addition of steel fibres to BBC when
compared to SFRC mixes without mineral
admixtures.
This may be due to the reduced permeability of BBC,
better pore refinement due to mineral admixtures
and due to addition of fibres to BBC mixes.
The percentage loss in weight due to chemical attack
is increasing with the age of exposure in 5% HCl, 5%
H2SO4 and 5% MgSO4.
The percentage weight loss in 5% H2SO4 is higher in
5% HCl and 5% MgSO4 solution.
Percentage Loss in Weight of all mixes when
immersed in 5% MgSO4 for different number of days
as shown in Fig. 3.

Table 5 Loss in weight of OPCC, SFRC & BBSFRC mixes
after immersion in MgSO4 (5% dilution)


Fig.3 Percentage Loss in Weight of all mixes when
immersed in 5% MgSO4 for different number of days
3.3 Studies of Loss in Compressive strength of OPCC,
BBC, SFRC and BBSFRC mixes after immersion in
different solutions
3.3.1 Loss in Compressive Strength of specimens
after immersion in 5% HCl Solution
1) Table 6 gives the percentage loss of compressive
strength of OPCC mix after immersion in 5% HCl
solution. These values vary from zero to eight
percent for a period of 30 days, zero to eleven
percent for a period of 60 days and zero to fifteen
percent for a period of 90 days respectively.
2) Table 6 gives the percentage loss of compressive
strength of BBC mix after immersion in 5% HCl
solution. These values vary from zero to three
percent for a period of 30 days, zero to four percent
for a period of 60 days and zero to six percent for a
period of 90 days respectively.
3) Table 6 gives the percentage loss of compressive
strength of SFRC (1.560) mix after immersion in 5%
HCl solution. These values vary from zero to three
percent for a period of 30 days, zero to four percent
for a period of 60 days and zero to seven percent for
a period of 90 days respectively.
4) Table 6 gives the percentage loss of compressive
strength of SFRC (1.5100) mix after immersion in
5% HCl solution. These values vary from zero to
three percent for a period of 30 days, zero to five
percent for a period of 60 days and zero to eight
percent for a period of 90 days respectively.
5) Table 6 gives the percentage loss of compressive
strength of BBSFRC (1.560) mix after immersion in
5% HCl solution. These values vary from zero to two
percent for a period of 30 days, zero to three percent
for a period of 60 days and zero to five percent for a
period of 90 days respectively.
6) Table 6 gives the percentage loss of compressive
strength of BBSFRC (1.5100) mix after immersion
in 5% HCl solution. These values vary from zero to
two percent for a period of 30 days, zero to four
percent for a period of 60 days and zero to six
percent for a period of 90 days respectively.
The Percentage loss of Compressive strength of
OPCC, BBC, SFRC & BBSFRC mixes is increasing
after immersion in 5% HCl solution corresponding
to the time of exposure as shown in Fig 4.

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59

Dr. MOHD. HAMRAJ et al.


DATE OF PUBLICATION: DEC 03, 2014

ISSN: 2348-4098
VOL 2 ISSUE 8 NOV-DEC 2014

Table 6 Loss in Compressive strength of OPCC, SFRC &


BBSFRC mixes after immersion in HCl (5% dilution)

ten percent for a period of 30 days, zero to fifteen


percent for a period of 60 days and zero to eighteen
percent for a period of 90 days respectively.
5) Table 7 gives the percentage loss of compressive
strength of BBSFRC (1.560) mix after immersion in
5% H2SO4 solution. These values vary from zero to
six percent for a period of 30 days, zero to eight
percent for a period of 60 days and zero to nine
percent for a period of 90 days respectively.
6) Table 7 gives the percentage loss of compressive
strength of BBSFRC (1.5100) mix after immersion
in 5% H2SO4 solution. These values vary from zero to
seven percent for a period of 30 days, zero to nine
percent for a period of 60 days and zero to eleven
percent for a period of 90 days respectively.
The Percentage loss of Compressive strength of
OPCC, BBC, SFRC & BBSFRC mixes is increasing
after immersion in 5% H2SO4 solution corresponding
to the time of exposure as shown in Fig 5.
The strength in 5% H2SO4 is higher than in 5% HCl
solution.
The strength loss is increasing with the age of
exposure from 30 to 90 days 5% HCl and 5% H2SO4.
The loss in compressive strength in BBC and BB
SFRC mixes is decreasing due to the partial
replacement of cement with 15% of Alccofine and
20% of Fly ash, addition of Steel fibres of 15% of
volume of concrete to BBC mixes. This may be due to
the reduced permeability and better pore
refinement of mineral admixtures.
Sulfuric acid involves the dissolution and leaching of
dissolved constituents of hardened cement from the
concrete leading to the loss in its compressive
strength.
Deterioration of concrete may involve the removal
of material from the surface by a dissolution
mechanism which leads to deterioration of concrete.
But the partial replacement of cement with
Alccofine and fly ash and addition of steel fibres has
increased the resistance of OPC concrete to chemical
attack.
Percentage Loss in Compressive Strength of all
Mixes when immersed in 5% H2SO4 for different
number of days as shown in Fig. 5.


Figure 4: Percentage Loss in Compressive Strength of all
Mixes when immersed in 5% HCl for different number of
days
3.3.2 Loss in Compressive Strength of specimens
after immersion in 5% H2SO4 Solution
1) Table 7 gives the percentage loss of compressive
strength of OPCC mix after immersion in 5% H2SO4
solution. These values vary from zero to seventeen
percent for a period of 30 days, zero to twenty
percent for a period of 60 days and zero to twenty
three percent for a period of 90 days respectively.
2) Table 7 gives the percentage loss of compressive
strength of BBC mix after immersion in 5% H2SO4
solution. These values vary from zero to nine
percent for a period of 30 days, zero to twelve
percent for a period of 60 days and zero to fourteen
percent for a period of 90 days respectively.
3) Table 7 gives the percentage loss of compressive
strength of SFRC (1.560) mix after immersion in 5%
H2SO4 solution. These values vary from zero to nine
percent for a period of 30 days, zero to fourteen
percent for a period of 60 days and zero to fifteen
percent for a period of 90 days respectively.
4) Table 7 gives the percentage loss of compressive
strength of SFRC (1.5100) mix after immersion in
5% H2SO4 solution. These values vary from zero to

Table 7 Loss in Compressive strength of OPCC, SFRC &


BBSFRC mixes after immersion in H2SO4 (5% dilution)

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Dr. MOHD. HAMRAJ et al.


DATE OF PUBLICATION: DEC 03, 2014

ISSN: 2348-4098
VOL 2 ISSUE 8 NOV-DEC 2014

Table 8 Loss in Compressive strength of OPCC, SFRC &


BBSFRC mixes after immersion in MgSO4 (5% dilution)


Figure 5: Percentage Loss in Compressive Strength of all
Mixes when immersed in 5% H2SO4 for different number
of days

3.3.3 Loss in Compressive Strength of specimens
after immersion in 5% MgSO4 Solution
1) Table 8 gives the percentage loss of compressive
strength of OPCC mix after immersion in 5% MgSO4
solution. These values vary from zero to nine
percent for a period of 30 days, zero to fourteen
percent for a period of 60 days and zero to sixteen
percent for a period of 90 days respectively.
2) Table 8 gives the percentage loss of compressive
strength of BBC mix after immersion in 5% MgSO4
solution. These values vary from zero to five percent
for a period of 30 days, zero to seven percent for a
period of 60 days and zero to eight percent for a
period of 90 days respectively.
3) Table 8 gives the percentage loss of compressive
strength of SFRC (1.560) mix after immersion in 5%
MgSO4 solution. These values vary from zero to four
percent for a period of 30 days, zero to eight percent
for a period of 60 days and zero to nine percent for a
period of 90 days respectively.
4) Table 8 gives the percentage loss of compressive
strength of SFRC (1.5100) mix after immersion in
5% MgSO4 solution. These values vary from zero to
six percent for a period of 30 days, zero to nine
percent for a period of 60 days and zero to eleven
percent for a period of 90 days respectively.
5) Table 8 gives the percentage loss of compressive
strength of BBSFRC (1.560) mix after immersion in
5% MgSO4 solution. These values vary from zero to
two percent for a period of 30 days, zero to four
percent for a period of 60 days and zero to seven
percent for a period of 90 days respectively.
6) Table 8 gives the percentage loss of compressive
strength of BBSFRC (1.5100) mix after immersion
in 5% MgSO4 solution. These values vary from zero
to four percent for a period of 30 days, zero to six
percent for a period of 60 days and zero to eight
percent for a period of 90 days respectively.


Fig.6 Percentage Loss in Compressive Strength of all
Mixes when immersed in 5% MgSO4 for different
number of days

4. CONCLUSIONS
The following conclusions are drawn from the various
experimental results reported in the project.
1.

2.


3.

4.

15% cement replacement with Alccofine gave


optimum strength and workability for Binary
Blended Concrete. Hence Binary Blended Concrete
consisted of 85% OPC and 15% of Alccofine.
The workability of SFRC mixes is decreasing with
fibre addition of 0.5% to 1.50%, but the mixes were
workable after addition of super plasticizer at the
rate of 1.0% of weight of binding material.
The workability of SFRC mixes is improved with the
partial replacement of cement with Alccofine.
The compressive strength of BBC mix is 17% greater
than the compressive strength of OPCC mix.

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Dr. MOHD. HAMRAJ et al.


DATE OF PUBLICATION: DEC 03, 2014

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

ISSN: 2348-4098
VOL 2 ISSUE 8 NOV-DEC 2014

The compressive strength of OPCC and SFRC mixes


is increasing with the 15% replacement of cement
with Alccofine and Steel fibres of higher content and
of higher aspect ratio. The reason may be due to the
high Pozzolanic reaction of the Alccofine and
presence of crimped steel fibre in the OPCC mix.
The percentage increase in compressive strength of
SFRC with an addition of 0.50% to 1.50% of steel
fibres with higher aspect ratio is found to vary from
3.80% to 10.30% when compared with OPCC mix.
The percentage increase in compressive strength of
BBSFRC mixes with an addition of 0.50% to 1.50%
of crimped steel fibres with higher aspect ratio is
found to vary from 19.20% to 21.80% when
compared with OPCC mix.
The percentage loss in compressive strength of
OPCC, SFRC mixes is decreasing with age of
exposure to acid due to the presence of Alccofine
and Steel fibres.
The percentage loss in compressive strength in 5%
H2SO4 is higher than with other two solutions.
The percentage loss in compressive strength is
increasing with the time of exposure from 30 to 90
days in 5% HCl, 5% H2SO4 and 5% MgSO4 solution.
The percentage loss in weight of OPCC and SFRC
mixes is decreasing with the age of exposure due to
the presence of Alccofine and crimped steel fibres.
The percentage loss in weight due to acid attack is
increasing with the time of exposure in 5% HCl, 5%
H2SO4 and 5% MgSO4 solution.
The percentage loss in weight is higher when
immersed in 5% H2SO4 solution than in other two
solutions.
The BBC showed more resistance to acid attack.
The present study revealed that 15% replacement of
cement with Alccofine is more durable when
compared to normal concrete after exposure to acid
attack.

7) Parviz Soroushian & Ziad Bayasi., FibreType


Effects on the performance of steel fibre reinforced
concrete, ACI Materials Journal, MarchApril 1991,
pp. 129134
8) Saluja, S.K. et al., Compressive strength of fibrous
concrete, the Indian Concrete Journal, February
1992, pp. 99102
9) Faisal ., Wafa & Samir, et al. Mechanical properties
of high strength fibre reinforced concrte, ACI
Materials Journal, SeptemberOctober 1992, pp. 449
454
10) O.Kayali, M.N. Haque, B.Zhu., Some Characteristics
of high strength fibre reinforced light weight
aggregate concrete, Cement & Concrete
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13) Mr. Sunil Suthar, Dr. (Smt.) B.K. Shah, Prof. P.J. Patel,
et al. Study on effect of Alccofine and Fly Ash
addition on the Mechanical properties of High
performance concrete, International Journal for
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14) Suthar Sunil B, Dr. (Smt.) B.K. Shah, et al. Studied
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Research, Vol. 2, Issue 3, March 2013, pp. 102104
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