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In this report I will be describing the application and limits of procedural, object
oriented and event driven programming paradigms, I will also be describing the
factors influencing the choice of programming language, explaining the sequence,
selection and iteration as used in computer programming, outlining the benefits of
having a variety of data types available to the programmer, explaining the role of
software design principles and software in the IT systems development lifecycle,
and finally use appropriate tools to design a solution to a defined requirement.
Programming Paradigms
Procedural Programming Paradigms
Procedural programming is the programming which is similar to an instruction
manual or a step by step guide, to enable the programming to work, you must
create a few steps in order, and then allow the computer to make the program
work. The programming will do the first step, then the second step, then the third,
and so on. Some examples of procedural programming languages are C++, C,
Fortran, Pascal & Basic.
The application of procedural programming paradigms can help users solve
scientific and engineering calculations.
The limitations of procedural programming languages include: the modifications are
extremely difficult to change due to the layout, and thus you have to go through the
entire program to find the error.
Object Oriented
Object Oriented Programming Paradigms
Object Oriented Programming or OOP is a programming language which is
organised around logic and objects rather than actions and data. Object Oriented
Programming also describes databases of data structures; it is a programming
concept which uses object to develop systems, examples of Object Oriented
Programming languages include C++, and Java.
The Application of OOP is that it is easier to modify the code and change them
around, as the language allows the user to place code in classes, the data is
accessed by special rules which are called methods to change code.
The limitations of object oriented programs are that they have a bigger file size as
they have many lines of code for standard applications and due to this they are
more likely to run slower as they require a larger amount of storage to run.
Event-Driven
Event-Driven Programming Paradigms
Event-driven programming is a programming in which the flow of the program is
established by clicking of the mouse, pressing of keys, and messages from
programs, etc. An example of event-driven programming is when the user hovers
over an object with the cursor, the computer waits for user input or displays what
you want to see before clicking such as the full name of the file or program.
The application of event-driven programming is that it can be modified easily if the
user/programmer wants to change something in the code, another advantage is
programs which use event-driven programming can be made as easily due to the
lack of difficulty of learning and understanding the language.
The limitations of event-driven programming are that the programs which are
created through event-driven programming have huge file sizes and thus are
memory intensive. Event-driven programs are commonly known to slow down the
computer as the computer uses a lot of processing power to carry out calculations
which make the programs run
Organisational Policy
An organisational policy is the rules and regulations which the company uses, A
company for example, Apple has a organisational policy which only allows the Apple
industry programmers to use Apple software to code, whereas Microsofts
programmers will only use Microsofts softwares. Other smaller companies may
have different organisational policies where they are only allowed to use one
operating system, or software from one company, the policy is used to choose the
correct software, operating system, etc in the organisation.
The program which is made should be reliable, and easy to use, with a strong
network system, different programming languages have different features built-in.
Some softwares have no network systems and thus are likelier not to work.
Expandability
Many softwares support the usage of hundreds of thousands of people at the same
time, many softwares which do support these large numbers are more than likely to
crash. Some softwares have better features which support larger systems.
Development and maintenance costs
Maintenance costs and development costs are extremely high, if large companies
such as Apple or Microsoft make any errors, the profit will decrease. Large
companies will hire programmers that have a lot of knowledge as theyre more
reliable.
Suitability in terms of features and tools
Many programming languages are used for specific applications and softwares, and
thus have unique features and tools which support these applications.
Sequence
In terms of procedural programming, sequence is a group of statements which is
each executed in the orderly fashion they are written in. The sequence can contain
any number of actions, but actions cannot be skipped in the sequence. A simplistic
algorithm, for brushing teeth may be:
1. Put toothpaste on toothbrush
2. Use toothbrush to clean teeth
3. Rinse toothbrush
A toothbrush will still be used to clean the teeth, toothpaste will still be put on the
brush, but as step 1 and 2 are in the incorrect sequence, the teeth won't be cleaned
and the toothpaste will be wasted.
Selection
Iteration
Iteration is a process which is repeatedly executed. An example of iteration is a
loop, Iteration uses the "while" and "do while" variables. A "while" loop is
programmed to repeat itself, and will continuously repeat itself until the function is
true.
Finally boolean, it expresses a series of data with true or false statement, it can be
written in coding or algorithm. Boolean is a series of statements which can be true
or false. If statements consist of a Boolean expression followed by one or more
statements.
users, so the program need to be suitable for any hardware and any language used
on the hardware.
Maintainability is much easier if the software is of high standards. With any program
once its run it is likely that it will have an error or a bug that was overlooked whilst
testing - they then fix it. Functionality will also be maintained by keeping the
software updated. Maintenance is easier with high standards because the
programmers have included comments, software structures and good variable
names. This doesn't just keep the maintainability but also the readability, so its
easier to detect errors. Other then that there are other methods of maintenance like
documenting the technical details of the location of the error.
References.
Marvel Adesile. (2014). Describing Applications and Limits. Available:
https://prezi.com/cv64ffdbghcx/p1-describe-the-application-and-limits-of-procedural-objec/.
Last accessed 13th June 2016.
Helal Baksh. (2014). Software Design and Development. Available:
https://prezi.com/scp4pz0dyd1s/unit-6-p1-and-p2-software-design-and-development/. Last
accessed 13th June 2016.
Unknown. (2014). Applications and Limits. Available:
https://prezi.com/mu0t3rasowoz/describe-the-application-and-limits-of-procedural-object-or/.
Last accessed 13th June 2016.
Unknown. (Unknown). Sequencing in algorithms. Available:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/guides/zsf8d2p/revision. Last accessed 14th June 2016.