1.

The following appeared as part of an annual report sent to stockholders by Ol

ympic Foods, a processor of frozen foods.
13
2. The following appeared in a memorandum from the business department of the Ap
ogee Company. 14
3. The following appeared in a memorandum issued by a large city s council on the
arts. 14
4. The following appeared in a report presented for discussion at a meeting of t
he directors of a company that manufactures parts for heavy machinery. 15
5. The following appeared in an announcement issued by the publisher of The Merc
ury, a weekly newspaper.
16
6. The following appeared as part of an article in a magazine devoted to regiona
l life. 17
7. The following appeared in the health section of a magazine on trends and life
styles. 18
8. The following appeared in the editorial section of a corporate newsletter.
18
9. The following appeared in the opinion column of a financial magazine.
19
10. The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper.
21
11. The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper.
22
12. The following appeared as part of a promotional campaign to sell advertising
space in the Daily Gazette to grocery stores in the Marston area.
23
13. The following appeared as part of a campaign to sell advertising time on a l
ocal radio station to local businesses. 24
in which only five percent of 15,000 randomly-selected residents couhaving a sim
ilar effect on the sales of the store.
In conclusion, the management s argument is not well-reasoned. To strengthen the c
onclusion, the management must provide additional evidence linking the addition
of the pharmacy section to the increase in total sales. It must also show that t
here are no exceptional reasons for the sales increase due to the pharmacy secti
on that would not apply to the other proposed additions.
45. The following appeared as part of a column in a popular entertainment magazi
ne.
The producers of the forthcoming movie 3003 will be most likely to maximize ld na
me the athlete seems reliable, the results For example, if the four days during wh
ich the poll was conducted preceded Thanksgiving and the advertised items were t
raditionally associated with this holiday, then the results of the poll would be
extremely biased and unreliable.
Moreover, the author assumes that the poll indicates that advertising certain sa
le will cause a general increase in sales. But the poll does not even address th
e issue of increased overall sales; it informs us mainly that, of the people who
purchased sales items, more had read the ad than not. A much clearer indicator
of the ad s effectiveness would be a comparison of overall sales on days the ad ra
n with overall sales on otherwise similar days when the ad did not run.
In sum, this argument is defective mainly because the poll does not support the
conclusion that sales in general will increase when reduced-price products are a
dvertised in the Daily Gazette. To strengthen the argument, the author must, at
the very least, provide comparisons of overall sales reports as described above.
13. The following appeared as part of a campaign to sell advertising time on a l
ocal radio station to local businesses.
The Cumquat Cafe began advertising on our local radio station this year and was o
f the second survey are questionable on two grounds. First, the argument provide
s no information regarding how many residents were polled in the second survey o
r how they were selected. Secondly, the argument does not indicate the total num
ber of respondents to the second survey. In the absence of this information abou
t the second survey, it is impossible to determine the significance of its resul
ts.
In conclusion, Big Board s argument is not convincing. To strengthen the argument,

Big Board must provide additional information regarding the manner in which the
second survey was conducted. It must also provide additional evidence that an i
ncrease in name recognition will result in an increase in sales.
58. The following appeared as part of an article on government funding of enviro
nmental regulatory agencies.