Quadratic equation forms the basic part of algebra in JEE mathematics.

A bit on this topic is already learnt by

many students in their previous classes. A quadratic equation is relatively easy to understand. Like
trigonometry, direct questions from quadratic equation are rarely asked in JEE Advance. Question from
quadratic equation will always be clubbed with any other part of the JEE math syllabus. But for JEE Main,
which is relatively simple there will be direct questions from the topic.
Graphical representation of the given quadratic equation is very useful. Always try to solve questions by
graphical methods as they consume less time and efforts. Within a limited time, you can solve the question
quickly. As you know that equation of the parabola is quadratic, and its proficiency in quadratic equation will
definitely help you for topic co-ordinate geometry.
Here are some points that you must keep in your mind while solving questions of quadratic equation to avoid
getting wrong answers:
1. Pay attention to signs of roots (positive and negative) to avoid getting negative marks after solving complete
questions.
2. After getting the solution of an equation, fill in back the solution in equation to check whether its actually a
solution or not. There are some cases when the solution you get doesnt satisfy the equation and you end up
getting negative marks.
3. Many conditions and standard result which is there in quadratic equation are quite confusing and therefore
try to remember conditions using their graphical representation so that it will be retained in your memory for a
long time.
Quadratic equation plays important role in physics questions as well as in some part of chemistry, so dont
neglect it. Also Quadratic equation is well related to complex numbers, as the origin of complex numbers is
because of no real solution condition of quadratic equations.

Sequences and series mainly cover arithmetic progression, geometric progression and harmonic progression.
These, along with some other special series can be very frustrating to many IIT aspirants, as they require
cumbersome calculations and predictions which may go wrong most of the times. However, the formulae are
easy to remember, but difficult to apply. The arithmetic progression or AP contains the maximum type of
questions, therefore varieties are also present in it.
The questions asked are not usually formulae based and require the ability to predict the series by
understanding. They usually consume much time and a lot of practice is required to proceed in the correct
direction. The experience required comes from gradually increasing the level of practice problems and even
then a lot of intuition is required to complete it. Sometimes, algorithms can be developed for approaching a
certain type of problem, but they fail too easily if the series has changed even a little.
In the olden pattern, the JEE used to contain many long questions about the series, but since the change in
pattern, it has been converted into small questions which can be completed in a reasonable time. Therefore, it
is advisable to master the easy questions involving small tricks and not waste too much time trying to crack
hard questions which have no chance of coming in the JEE.
This topic is usually taught well in the coaching institutions and relevant questions can also be obtained from
the study material provided. Selective study is the best way to approach it and remember that most of the other
aspirants also find this topic tough, so dont be discouraged if you are not able to solve a problem.

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How to master complex Numbers?
The complex number is one of the interesting topics in JEE mathematics. And this topic is also important from
the view of IIT-JEE and AIEEE. This topic is newly introduced in the syllabus therefore, students find it a bit
difficult to understand and solve problems initially. But as you solve more and more problems on the topic you
will get familiar with the topic. And then the question will look easy for you. A complex number is closely
associated with the geometry so we can use one another in solving questions. Here are some tips:
1. Geometrical Representation: Some questions became very easy when we solve solve it using the
geometrical representation of the equations. Complex numbers easily relate to coordinate geometry. Some
equation of a complex number is transformed into the corresponding equation of geometric figures, and their
solutions is locus of that point.
2. Interpretation of arguments: Correct interpretation of the argument will avoid negative marking.
Understand argument and principal argument in all the types of cases. Solving questions using the Euler
representation of a complex number will simplify the question to a great extent.
There are some common mistakes people commit in solving the question of complex number and they end up
in getting negative marks.
1. Argument: Consider the sign while finding the arguments of complex numbers
2. Arithmetic Operation: Arithmetic operation on complex number should be done in vectors. Like adding real
and imaginary part separately.
3.While considering the solutions of equations in the form of exp(i theta) be careful with the principal
arguments.
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Best Way to Master Algebra
Usually algebra is not a favorite topic of any student, since it involves an abstract concept with little or no easy
applications which could be understood at the students level viz. Complex numbers, binomial theorem and
matrices seem like totally unnecessary. The lack of proper motivation results in a loss of interest and thus
algebra is one of the most common weakness of many students. This article deals with how to handle algebra
and master the topic despite its boring nature.
1) Start with the topics you might find interesting- Permutations and combinations is an excellent choice to
start with. Involving little or no cumbersome calculations, the situations can be easily analyzed and help in
developing a positive attitude towards algebra in the beginning. Probability is another interesting topic that can
be followed for encouraging students to study algebra.
2) Practice hard- Any topic in algebra requires a large amount of practice to make the student comfortable with
the ideas, cultivate the ability to solve any kind of problems. It requires a tremendous amount of patience on the
part of students to keep attempting different types of problems, but that has to be done in order to gain
confidence.
3) Try interlinking different topics- Application of some boring topics can be found out in other topics too, for
example binomial theorem is useful in probability, complex number has some geometrical applications and
modulus/log are widely used in other subjects too. Therefore questions which contain a mix of different topics
usually serve as a motivation for practicing them.

These are just some of the options that you can use for mastering algebra. You can easily devise some new
ways to do so just by thinking what works for you and gradual improvisation of ideas.
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Differential Equations
Differential equations are kind of real life application of what you have learnt in differential calculus and integral
calculus. But dont worry, because the questions in JEE will not be based on real life problems. JEE question
will be about any particular type of simple differential equation. The only thing you have to do is arrive at the
solution by forming some particular steps.
So, prerequisite for learning differential equation is differential calculus and integral calculus. Its not that you
must be master in these topics before going for a differential equation, but you must have a good
understanding of the topics. Here are some ways which will help you to cover the topic in easy ways:
1. Dont waste too much time in reading theory and making notes on this topic, as this will not help you for
these kinds of topics.
2. As there are different kinds of differential equations, questions can be classified into different categories.
Each category has its different solving method. So be clear in mind with all the categories and their methods.
3. Solve examples of all types so that you wont get confused in categories during the exam time. Not just
solving examples, but also question from basic level to JEE level will help.
The understanding of differential equation will also help in concepts of physics like in Simple Harmonic Motion.
Topic differential equation is neither time consuming nor difficult to understand, so you must neglect this topic.
This topic is easy and scoring one and important from the JEE point of view.
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Matrices And Determinants

Matrices and determinants are considered as one of the easiest topics in the JEE maths syllabus. Even though
it may be new for most of students in 11th class, but as time passes they will find it very easy. I am not saying
that this topic is scoring. The question may be quite difficult and lengthy in JEE. But overall topic is easy. Here
are some ways which will help you to get hold over the topic matrices and determinants:
1. There is no prerequisite for this topic, so you can start it at any point of time. But it will be better for you to
start it as early as possible because question from this topic may be clubbed with any other question from
trigonometry, algebra or from functions and graphs.
2. As with all other topics of mathematics, this topic also does not require much of the theory, so just read it
once as it's not difficult to understand. And go ahead with the problems from basic to JEE Advance level.
3. Making notes for this topic will certainly help. There are several points and small definitions you need to
remember for this topic. Also there so many standard results which you can remember to simply solve lengthy
question and avoid wastage of time during the examination. So, do remember the small standard result.

4. Concepts of matrices and determinants are used to solve systems of equations. So learning matrices and
determinants will help you in many other parts of JEE mathematics and JEE physics syllabus.
Permutation And Combination
Permutation and combination is one of the most confusing topics in the JEE math syllabus. There are pretty
good chances of going wrong and end up in getting negative marks for questions about this topic. But if you are
good at basic and you have done enough number of practice problems, then you may find questions easy.
A prerequisite for this topic is sequenced and binomial theorem. If you are good at binomial theorem and
sequence, you wont get trouble in the calculative part of the question. If you havent mastered binomial
theorem and the sequence you will waste, most of your time will go in doing calculations and getting frustrated.
And finally youll leave the question after wasting enough time on it and ultimately losing precious marks. Here
are some tips which might help you for topic permutation and combination:
1. Clearly understand the difference between permutation and combination, not in terms of formula, but in
terms of its physical meaning and where to apply which one. Because people often make mistakes in this and
they end up getting negative marks.
2. If you are not getting the answer, dont look for the solution immediately. Take your own time in solving
questions and explore every possibility of getting an answer.
3. After getting the correct answer, even if you have doubts, then clarify it as soon as possible. Because even
that small doubt is enough to create big confusion in your mind during the examination.
4. Try to avoid lengthy calculation as far as possible. Do calculation at the end, as there are chances that terms
get cancelled out and youll get the answer easily.
Understanding permutation and combination will help you for probability. Without it you wont even understand
a word of probability. As probability is an important topic from the viewpoint of JEE, you cant afford to neglect
permutation and combination.

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Vectors
For many students, vectors will be the most interesting topic that they will encounter in JEE mathematics. This
is partly due to the fact that vectors are easy to imagine and there seem to be many practical applications of
this topic, which increases the motivation and interest of students in this topic. But even after being interesting,
it is not considered such an easy topic that troubles many JEE aspirants.
Lets dive into the below sections to know more about Vectors.
Like almost every other topic, this also requires a lot of hard work and practice. The questions require both practice for remembering the formula correctly and understanding to solve the problems. The questions are
very logical and demand a little mental exercise, although sometimes straightforward questions based on
formula might be asked which are very easy for everyone. But this is not the case always. Therefore, to avoid
the pressure of tricky questions and pass with flying colors, you can take advantage of JEE Crash Course This
package gives you an advantage over others, who might not be able to tackle it well.
What is the right approach towards Vectors?

The correct way to approach this topic is to read the theory and understand the formula first. Take help
if you feel that this is very tough and construct a solid base over which you can build up concepts to
solve problems.

Analogy from coordinate geometry can also be utilized to understand it better. Also, most problems are
similar to the coordinate geometry, but determinants can also be combined to make it more complex.
Therefore, it is always wise to be prepared in advance. Once you know the basics and important
concepts, it becomes simple to solve the equations. Also, the derivation of the formula is not too tricky.
You can buy video lectures to prepare for the JEE test.

A genuine piece of advice, focus on your efforts and this topic will become one of the easiest subjects you are
going to face in JEE.

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Probability
Probability is generally taught at the end of JEE preparation. But this fact doesnt make it a less important topic
for JEE. In fact, this is a most confusing topic as well as most challenging topics in the JEE Mathematics
syllabus. But the fact that this topic is confusing and there are lots of chances of going wrong with the questions
makes it important for competitive exams like JEE, where they want to eliminate students.
A prerequisite for probability is binomial theorem and permutation and combination. Without the sound
knowledge of the binomial theorem and P & C, you wont understand even the iota of probability questions.
Here are some points that one should keep in mind while you prepare the topic Probability for JEE:
1. This topic is not a theoretical topic, so dont waste time on basic theory; just read it once. And if you
understand a bit of it, then go ahead and start solving problems from basic level to JEE level.
2. There are different types of question in the probability. So make sure that you have learned all the types of
problems and the theory and procedure to be applied to get the answer. Practice enough problems under all
the categories so that you wont get confused between them.
3. If you wont get the right answer in first time, dont straight away go for solutions, instead look for the other
possible ways. Before looking into the solution explore all other ways and convince yourself.
4. Even if you get the answer correct and you still feel doubtful about it, then it is useful to discuss the problem
with your friend or teacher and get the concepts clear. Because questions of probability are confusing and you
can easily get a wrong answer.

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Differential Calculus
Calculus is at the heart of the JEE Maths syllabus. Calculus consists of two parts - Differential Calculus and
Integral Calculus. Here we are concerned about only differential calculus. Students in 11th class might find it bit
difficult to understand the topic as it is something totally new to them. But as the familiarity level increases this
topic will look simple. It is said that if you are not good at Differential Calculus, then it will be difficult for you to

get good marks because the concepts of calculus may be integrated with several other concepts in a single
question.
The Prerequisite for differential calculus is Functions and Graph. You must be comfortable with concepts and
questions about the topic Function and Graphs. If you are not clear with function and graph, go back and read
them instead of making futile efforts and wasting time in understanding Differential Calculus.
If you dont know anything about the calculus, then best way to begin Differential Calculus is NCERT book. But
dont pay much attention on reading theory as it will not help you. Instead, start solving questions of all the
types which you can find. Initially you may find it a bit difficult to grasp the concept, but as you solve few
questions you will get it.
In Differential Calculus you also have to remember some standard result like differentiation of some functions,
so as to minimize your time consumption in question. Differential Calculus includes the topic of limits and
continuity, tangent to a function at a point and finding out the nature of curves like concave or convex. Finding
roots of equations is important, as this will help in the entire math syllabus. So dont neglect it!

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Co-ordinate Geometry
Co-ordinate Geometry is an area you should take seriously, while you prepare for JEE. It is one of
the largest topics in the JEE math syllabus. Co-ordinate Geometry is vast and you need to devote
much of your time to get comfortable with the topic. The length of this topic makes it dull and bit
boring. But as long as your preparation is well planned and you have done enough questions you
dont need to worry. Here are some strategies which will help you to cover this vast topic of the JEE
mathematics syllabus:
1. There are many conic sections involved in coordinate geometry like straight lines, parabola,
hyperbola etc. So you must study each topic differently and not doing two at a time. This will create
confusion in your mind and out of frustration you might leave the topic.
2. In this topic, all you have to do is learn so many new equations and new formulae, different
conditions and apply them to question. So, practice questions as much as you can.
3. Questions of coordinate geometry are lengthy unless you solve them using shortcut methods.
Shortcut method includes substitution and eliminating options methods. To solve question quickly
you must remember some quick result which will lead you to the answer without wasting much time.
4. Making tables of all the formulae for all the conic sections, and figuring out the differences and
similarities will definitely help. Keep revisiting the formulae sheet on a daily basis. So that you can
easily recall them during the exam hours. Even though you may have studied every conic section
separately, you must be prepared for solving integrated type of questions because JEE may ask
some integrated questions. Also, this topic may be linked with complex numbers and trigonometry to
increase the difficulty level.

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Functions and Graphs

Function and graphs are blood and flesh of the JEE mathematics syllabus. For solving most of the
JEE mathematics problems, you must have very sound knowledge of graphs and function. Functions
and graphs can be easily related to algebra, trigonometry and calculus. If you are good at functions
and graphs then you can easily find the alternative and easy way of solving question rather than
going through long conventional method.
There is not much theory that you will find in the books for function and graphs. In theory part the
only thing we have is definition of functions and categories of function and some special types of
function. But the questions from functions and graphs topic are of wide range. There are different
categories and types of questions based on this topic. Also, there are no particular steps of solving
the questions. Each question has got its new solving style. The ability to solve function and graphs
will only come through experience. As far as this topic is concerned, practice as much as question
you can, to gain familiarity level with question and to develop ability to solve any type of the question
from this topic.
Here are some tips which you should keep in mind while solving questions from the topic functions
and graphs to avoid negative marking:
1. While drawing graphs of function, pay attention to boundary conditions also. Some boundary
conditions are very crucial in deciding the answer, and if you neglect it you might get wrong answer.
2. As there are so many terminology involved in the topic, they create confusion in your mind during
the exam time. Remembering them using acronym will help you to remember them for a long time
and help you to avoid confusion.

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Integral Calculus
Calculus is the heart and soul of the JEE Maths syllabus. Calculus consists of two parts, Differential Calculus
and Integral Calculus. Here we are concerned about only integral calculus. In the beginning, it might look
difficult when you will be introduced to this new concept. But as you move ahead, you may find it simple (to
some extent). There is no such confusing concept that you wont understand in it. The concepts are easy and
you will get them easily. But problem arises when you are not getting the question.
The only way to master integral calculus is to solve as many questions as you can. The only thing that you
should do to get comfortable and get confident in integral calculus is Practice. As it is rightly said, Practice
Makes Man Perfect. Simply, solving basic questions wont help, you must solve different types of question from
very basic NCERT book level to JEE advance level to get hold over the topic.
There are so many formulae in integral calculus like integration of any particular type of function and also
integration of some tricky function that you need to remember while solving questions. You must revisit the
formula on a weekly basis so that you can recall them easily in examination and save your time. Questions
from integral calculus may be clubbed with differential calculus, and sequence and series, so as to be
comfortable with both before moving to integral function.

Lastly, there are some functions whose integration is not possible, so have a look at that function and avoid
wasting your time on integrating such functions.

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Trigonometry and Solution of Triangle
Trigonometry and solution of Triangle are related to both algebra and functions. Even though it is a separate
topic, but its not a discrete one. Concepts of trigonometry and trigonometric functions can always be clubbed
with any question from any part of the JEE mathematics syllabus. And therefore this topic is important in the
JEE. There are rare cases that question is solely based on trigonometry, but you will always get trigonometric
function involved in many questions in JEE.
Trigonometry is not something totally new youll encounter during your JEE preparation in class 11th. Students
already know about it since the 9th or 10th class. This fact makes trigonometry easy to understand, but even
after it you will face difficulty in solving the question unless and until you have adequate practice. Here are
some points which will help you to tackle trigonometry and solutions of the triangle problem easily:
1. Avoid reading theory much, as you will not get anything useful. Instead, focus on different types of problems.
2. Try solving questions of type solution of trigonometric equation using graphical method as it is very much
easier and less time consuming.
3. Practice the graphs of trigonometric and inverse trigonometric function with special focus on principal range
and principal domain.
4. After getting the solution of a trigonometric equation, substitute back the solution in equation to check
whether it actually satisfy the equation or not. There are questions when solution you get doesnt satisfy the
question and you end up in getting negative marks.
5. For solutions of triangle question, try solving the question by substitution method and hence eliminating the
option and arriving at correct one, rather than going through the long and tedious method of solving the
question.
6. As there are lots of formulae involved in it along with some standard result, make tables of these formulae
and visit them on a weekly basis, so that it will be easy for you to recall them at the time of examination.

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Matrices and Determinants
Matrices and determinants are considered as one of the easiest topics in the JEE maths syllabus. Even though
it may be new for most of students in 11th class, but as time passes they will find it very easy. I am not saying
that this topic is scoring. The question may be quite difficult and lengthy in JEE. But overall topic is easy. Here
are some ways which will help you to get hold over the topic matrices and determinants:
1. There is no prerequisite for this topic, so you can start it at any point of time. But it will be better for you to
start it as early as possible because question from this topic may be clubbed with any other question from
trigonometry, algebra or from functions and graphs.

2. As with all other topics of mathematics, this topic also does not require much of the theory, so just read it
once as it's not difficult to understand. And go ahead with the problems from basic to JEE Advance level.
3. Making notes for this topic will certainly help. There are several points and small definitions you need to
remember for this topic. Also there so many standard results which you can remember to simply solve lengthy
question and avoid wastage of time during the examination. So, do remember the small standard result.
4. Concepts of matrices and determinants are used to solve systems of equations. So learning matrices and
determinants will help you in many other parts of JEE mathematics and JEE physics syllabus.