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If the short circuit is on one of two parallel linesand isnot

ateitherendoftheline,orifthe shortcircuitis of another type than three-phase-that


is, one-line-to-ground, line-toline, or two-line-to-ground-then some synchronizing
power can still be transmitted past the fault, but the amplitude of the powerangle curveisreducedin comparisonwith thatofthe pre-faultcondition. In some
cases the system will be stable even with a sustained short circuit, whereas in
others the system will be stable only if the short circuit Is cleared with sufficient
rapidity. Whether the system is stable during faults willdepend not only on the
system itself, butalsoonthe type of fault, location of fault, rapidity of clearing,
and method of clearing-that is, whether cleared by the sequential opening of two
or more breakers, or by simultaneous opening-and whether or not the faulted
line is reclosed, For any constant set of these conditions, the question ofwhether
thesystem isstable dependsupon howmuch power it was carrying before the
occurrence of the fault. Thus, for any specified disturbance, there is a value of
transmitted power, called the transient stability limit, below which the system is
stable and above which it is unstable. The stability limit isonekind of power limit,
butthepowerlimitofa system is not always determined by the question of stability.
Even in a system consistingofa synchronous generator supplying powerto a
resistance load, there is a maximum power received by the load as the
resistance of the load is varied. Clearly there is 8. power limit here with no
question of stability. Multimachine systems. Few, if any, actual power systems
consist of merely one generator and one synchronous motor. Most power
systems have many generating stations, each with several generators, and many
loads, most of which are combinations of synchronous motors, synchronous
condensers, induction motors, lamps, heating devices, and others. The stability
problem on such a power system usually concerns the transmission of power
from one group of synchronous machines to another. As a rule, both groups
consist predominantly of generators. During disturbances the machines of each
group swing more or less together; that is, they retain approximately their
relative angular positions, although these vary greatly with respect to the
machines of the other group. For purposes of analysis the machinesofeachgroup
can be replaced by oneequivalent machine. If this is done, there is one
equivalent generator and one equivalent synchronous motor, even though the
latter often represents machines that are actually generators.

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