Modul Fizik X A PLUS 2015

Name:
2015
Class/School..
BPSBP
Bahagian Pengurusan
Sekolah Berasrama
Penuh
PHYSICS X A-PLUS
Learning Material
PHYSICS X A- PLUS PANELS

NOR SAIDAH HASSAN, TKC (Head Of Panels)
HASLINA ISMAIL, SEMASHUR JENNYTA NOORBI, SASER NOOR RIZAH BONGKEK, STF
Modul Fizik X A PLUS 2015
September 2015
CONTENT
SET
LEARNING AREA
Page
Force and Motion
Forces and Pressure
Heat
16
Electricity
25
Radioactivity
39
Light
49
Wave
58
Electromagnet
63
Electronic
73
Notes
ATTITUDE
When you say you cannot, know that can comes before not
- Dr. Billy Kueek -
SET 1
September 2015
Force And Motion
Question 1
(a)
Diagram 1.1 shows a cargo ship is being towed by two towing boats using the same force 1200
N each. The resultant force from the two boats causes the cargo ship to move forward.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan sebuah kapal kargo ditunda oleh dua buah bot penunda masingmasing menggunakan daya-daya yang sama 1200 N. Daya paduan daripada kedua-dua bot
tunda tersebut menyebabkan kapal kargo itu bergerak ke depan.
Diagram 1.1
Based on Diagram 1.1:
Berdasarkan Rajah 1.1:
(i)
Sketch the resolution of force F to its components.

Lakarkan leraian daya F kepada komponen-komponennya.
[1 mark]
Answer
(ii)
Important!
Calculate the magnitude of the resultant force acting on the cargo ship.
Hitungkan magnitude daya paduan yang bertindak ke atas kapal kargo itu.
[2 marks]
Answer
Important!
(b)
September 2015
Diagram 1.2 shows a speed boat is being towed by two towing boats using forces of F1 and F2.
The resultant force from the two boats causes the speed boat to move forward.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan sebuah bot laju ditunda oleh dua buah bot penunda masing-masing
menggunakan daya-daya F1 and F2. Daya paduan daripada kedua-dua bot tunda tersebut
menyebabkan bot laju itu bergerak ke depan.
Diagram 1.2
Based on Diagram 1.2:
Berdasarkan Rajah 1.2:
(i)
Sketch the resolution of forces F1 and F2 to its components.

Lakarkan leraian daya F1 dan F2 kepada komponen-komponennya.
[1 mark]
Answer
(ii)
Answer
Important!
Calculate the magnitude of the resultant force acting on the speed boat.
Hitungkan magnitud daya paduan yang bertindak ke atas bot laju itu.
[2 marks]
Important!
September 2015
Question 2
Diagram 2 shows a box with mass m1 going down a distance s on an inclined plane with a slope of
angle when the box is coupled by a rope and a pulley to a bucket with mass m2. The friction force is
Fg.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan sebuah kotak dengan jisim m1 sedang menuruni satu jarak s di atas satah
condong dengan sudut apabila kotak tersebut diikat bersama oleh tali dan takal kepada sebuah
bakul yang mempunyai jisim m2. Daya geseran adalah Fg.
Diagram 2
(a)
Mark all the forces that affect the box and the bucket
Tanda semua daya yang bertindak terhadap kotak dan bakul tersebut
(b)
Write the motion equation for the box and the bucket.
Tulis persamaan gerakan untuk kotak dan bakul tersebut.
[5 marks]
Important!
Answer
Question 3
Diagram 3 shows a lawnmower. Usually, we will pushed the lawnmower while cutting grass. What will
happen if we pull the lawnmower? Explain your answer.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan sebuah mesin rumput. Biasanya, kita akan menolak mesin rumput itu semasa
memotong rumput. Apakah yang akan terjadi sekiranya kita menarik mesin rumput tersebut. Jelaskan
jawapan anda.
[4 marks]
Diagram 3
September 2015
Important!
Answer
Question 4
Compare between v1 and v2. Explain the situation
Bandingkan antara v1 dan v2. Terangkan situasi tersebut.
[4 marks]
Diagram 4.1
Answer
Diagram 4.2
Important!
September 2015
Question 5
Diagram 5 shows the speed limit and the load limit of heavy vehicles such as buses and lorries.
Rajah 61 menunjukkan had laju dan had muatan kenderaan berat seperti bas dan lori.
Diagram 5
Using the concepts of momentum and inertia, explain why the speed limit and the load limit must be
imposed on heavy vehicles.
Dengan menggunakan konsep momentum dan inersia, terangkan mengapa had laju dan had
muatan mesti dikenakan ke atas kenderaan berat.
[4 marks]
Answer
Important!
SET 2
September 2015
Force And Pressure
Question 1
Diagram 1 shows what happens when a wooden block is released into the water.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan apa yang berlaku apabila sebuah blok kayu dilepaskan ke dalam air.
Diagram 1
When the wooden block is released, it falls into the water and goes completely under the water
surface. Then it moves upwards and floats on the water surface.
Apabila blok kayu dilepaskan, blok ilu jatuh ke dalam air dan tenggelam sepenuhnya di bawah
permukaan air. Kemudian blok itu bergerak ke atas dan terapung pada permukaan air.
Using the concept of buoyant force, explain why the wooden block moves upwards and then floats on
the water surface.
Dengan menggunakan konsep daya apung, terangkan mengapa blok kayu itu bergerak ke atas dan
kemudian terapung pada permukaan air.
[3 marks]
Important!
Answer
Question 2
Diagram 2
(a)
At a hot air balloon carnival, the balloons that are rising up in the air will stop at a certain height.
Explain the situation
Di suatu carnival belon panas,belon-belon yang naik ke atas di dalam udara akan berhenti
pada suatu ketinggian yang tertentu. Terangkan situasi tersebut.
[4 marks]
Important!
Answer
(b)
September 2015
The best time to launch the hot air balloon is in early morning, why?
Masa yang paling baik untuk melancarkan belon udara panas ini adalah pada awal pagi,
mengapa?
[4 marks]
Important!
Answer
Question 3
Diagram 3.1 shows a fisherman starting his fishing journey in the morning.
Diagram 3.2 shows the fisherman returning with a boat loaded with fish. The boat sinks deeper into the
water. Explain the situation
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan seorang nelayan memulakan perjalanan memancingnya pada waktu pagi
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan nelayan tersebut pulang dengan sampan penuh dengan ikan. Sampan itu
tenggelam lebih dalam di dalam air. Terangkan situasi tersebut.
[4 marks]
Diagram 3.1
Diagram 3.2
September 2015
Important!
Answer
Question 4
(a)
Diagram 4 shows a same boat is at different levels in the sea and in the river, explain why.
Rajah 5 menunjukkan sebuah sampan yang sama berada pada aras yang berbeza di dalam
laut dan di dalam sungai, terangkan kenapa.
[4 marks]
Diagram 4
Answer
Important!
10
(b)
September 2015
If the volume of the boat that sinks in sea water is 250 m3 and the density of sea water is
1080 kgm-3, calculate
Jika isipadu kapal yang tenggelam dalam air laut ialah 250 m3 dan ketumpatan air laut adalah
1080 kgm-3, kirakan
(i)
upthrust which acts on the boat.

tujahan yang bertindak ke atas kapal.
[3 marks]
Important!
Answer
(ii)
the volume of water displaced when the boat is in the river.

[Density of river water = 1000 kgm-3]
isipadu air yang disesarkan apabila kapal itu berada dalam sungai.
[Ketumpatan air sungai = 1000 kgm-3]
[2 marks]
Important!
Answer
Question 5
Diagram 5 shows a man is having difficulty to pull out a fish from the water when half of the fish body is
already out of the water. Explain the situation
Rajah 5 menunjukkan seorang lelaki mengalami kesukaran untuk menarik keluar seekor ikan daripada
air apabila separuh badan ikan itu sudah keluar daripada air. Terangkan situasi tersebut.
[4 marks]
Diagram 4
Diagram 5
11
September 2015
Important!
Answer
Question 6
Diagram 6 shows a cylindrical glass tube of uniform cross sectional area of 3 cm2. The glass tube
contains lead shots and floats upright in water.
Rajah 6 menunjukkan sebatang tiub kaca dengan luas keratan rentas seragam 3 cm 2. Tiub kaca itu
mengandungi butir-butir plumbum dan sedang terapung tegak di dalam air.
Glass tube
Tiub kaca
4 cm
10 cm
Lead shots
Butir-butir
plumbum
Diagram 6
(a)
Mark two forces acted on the glass tube.

Labelkan dua daya yang bertindak ke atas tiub kaca tersebut.
[1 mark]
Important!
Answer
(b)
The density of water is 1 g cm3,

Ketumpatan air ialah 1 g cm3,
(i)
calculate the total mass of the glass tube and the lead shots.
hitungkan jumlah jisim tiub kaca dan butir-butir plumbum.
[2marks]
Answer
Important!
12
(ii)
September 2015
The tube is then placed in another liquid of greater density. Determine what happen to
depth of the glass tube immersed? Why?
Tiub itu kemudiannya diletakkan di dalam cecair dengan ketumpatan yang lebih
tinggi. Tentukan apakah yang berlaku kepada kedalaman
tiub kaca yang
tenggelam? Mengapa?
[1mark]
Important!
Answer
Question 7
Diagram 7.1 and Diagram 7.2 show a Bunsen burner and its inner structure. Based on Diagram 7.2
explain how a blue flame can be produced.
Rajah 7.1 dan Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan sebuah penunu Bunsen dan struktur dalamannya. Berdasarkan
kepada Rajah 7.2, terangkan bagaimana nyalaan biru dapat dihasilkan.
[4 marks]
Diagram 7.1
Answer
Diagram 7.2
Important!
13
September 2015
Question 8
Diagram 8 shows an apparatus used to remove water from beaker A to beaker B.
Rajah 8 menunjukkan satu susunan radas untuk mengeluarkan air dari bikar A ke bikar B.
Diagram 8
(a)
Explain how the water flows from beaker A to beaker B as shown in the diagram.
Terangkan bagaimana air mengalir dari bikar A ke bikar B seperti yang ditunjukkan di dalam
rajah
[4 marks]
Important!
Answer
(b)
Explain how do we stops the water from flowing to the beaker B.

Terangkan bagaimana kita boleh menghentikan air itu dari mengalir ke bikar B.
[1 mark]
Answer
Important!
14
September 2015
Question 9
Diagram 9 shows a hydraulic system used to raise a load by a distance of X. A force of 50 N is applied
on piston A of cross sectional area 2 cm2. Load is placed on piston B of cross sectional area 15 cm2.
Rajah 9 menunjukkan satu sistem hidraulik yang digunakan untuk mengangkat satu beban melalui satu
jarak X. Daya sebanyak 50 N dikenakan ke atas omboh A yang mempunyai luas keratan rentas 2 cm2.
Beban diletakkan ke atas omboh B yang mempunyai luas keratan rentas 15 cm2.
Diagram 9
(a)
Explain briefly how the car can be lifted up when the force is exerted on Piston A.
Terangkan bagaimana beban itu boleh diangkat ke atas apabila daya dikenakan keatas
omboh A
[4 marks]
Important!
Answer
(b)
Calculate the force acting on piston B.

Kira daya yang bertindak ke atas omboh B.
[2 marks]
Answer
Important!
(c)
Calculate the distance, X, moved by piston B if the distance moved by piston A is 21 cm.
Kira jarak, X, yang digerakkan oleh omboh B jika jarak yang digerakkan oleh omboh A adalah
21 cm.
[2 marks]
Important!
Answer
15
SET 3
September 2015
Heat
Question 1
Diagram shows a radiator of a car
Water is used as a cooling agent in a radiator. Explain how water is used.

[4 marks]
Answer
Important!
Question 2
Diagram shows the air pressure in the tire of a car being measured by a pressure gauge.
Based on kinetic theory of gasses, explain why the air pressure in the tire increases after the car has
completed a long journey.
[4 marks]
Answer
Important!
16
September 2015
Question 3
Diagram 3 shows air bubbles produced by an air pump in an aquarium filled with fresh water.
Explain why the volume of an air bubble increases as it moves towards the surface.
Answer
[4 marks]
Important!
Question 4
4.0.004 m3 of cooking oil was heated by using electric deep fryer of power rating 240V, 2500W. The
temperature of the oil rises from 30C to 160 C. Assuming all the electrical energy was used to
increase the temperature of oil only and no heat loss to the surrounding.
Calculate:
(i)
mass of the cooking oil
(ii)
the time taken to heat the cooking oil.
[Specific heat capacity of oil is 2000J kg-1 C-1. Density of oil is 800 kg m-3]
[5 marks]
Answer
Important!
17
September 2015
Question 5
Diagram shows a manometer is connected to a gas tank. When the clip is opened the positions of
mercury level at point X and Y are 45 cm and 25 cm respectively. The temperature of the gas is 127 oC.
[Atmospheric pressure = 75 cm of Hg]
(a)
Determine the pressure

(i)
at point X
(ii)
of the gas in the gas tank
[3 marks]
Important!
Answer
(b) When the gas is cooled down to T oC, the mercury level, Y increasing and X decreasing until X and Y
at same level. Based on the kinetic theory of gases explain why the mercury level X decreased,
[Specific heat capacity of oil is 2000J kg1 C1. Density of oil is 800 kg m-3]
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Answer
What is the pressure of the gas at To C?

Calculate the value of T.
Name the law involved in b (iii).
[2 marks]
[5 marks]
Important!
18
September 2015
Question 6
The blocks P and Q in Diagram 6.1 have the same mass. They are immersed in boiling water for a long
time. P and Q are then transferred into beakers X and Y respectively as shown in Diagram 6.2.
Diagram 6.1
Diagram 6.2
The mass of water in both beakers X and Y is 0.25 kg and the initial temperature of the water in each
beaker is the same.
Specific heat capacity of P is 900 J kg-1 o C-1
Specific heat capacity of Q is 390 J kg-1 o C-1
Specific heat capacity of water is 4 200 J kg-1 o C-1
(a) (i) State the initial temperature of the blocks.
[1 mark]
(ii) Why is the final temperature of the water in beaker X higher than that in beaker Y?
[1 mark]
Answer
Important!
(b) (i) Calculate the rise in temperature of water in beaker Y if block Q release 8 400 J of heat energy.
[3 marks]
(ii) State one assumption which you have made in b (i).
[1 mark]
Important!
Answer
19
September 2015
Question 7
Diagram 7.1 shows a metal P at 100C being placed in a beaker of water at 28 oC. After a few minutes
thermal equilibrium state is achieved.
The mass of metal P and the water are 0.4 kg and 0.2 kg respectively.
Diagram 7.2 shows a temperature against time graph of the water in the beaker.
Diagram 7.1
(a)
(i)
Diagram 7.2
What is the meaning of thermal equilibrium?

[1 mark]
Important!
Answer
(ii)
Based on the graph in Diagram 15.2, what is the temperature when the thermal
equilibrium is achieved?
[1 mark]
Important!
Answer
(iii)
Answer
(b)
What is the purpose of wrapping the beaker with cotton layer?

[1 mark]
Important!
(i)
Calculate the specific heat capacity of metal P. (Specific heat capacity of water is
4200 J kg-1 C -1)
[3 marks]
Answer
Important!
20
September 2015
(ii) State the assumption you made in (b) (i)

[1 mark]
Important!
Answer
Question 8
An 800 W electric heater is used to boil water. What is the time required to reduce the mass of water by
4 kg after the water has reached its boiling point?
[Specific latent heat of vaporization of water = 2.26 x 106 J kg -1]
[2 marks]
Important!
Answer
Question 9
0.5 kg of a solid is heated by a 100 W heater. The graph shows how the temperature substance varies
with time.
Diagram 9
(a) What is the temperature of substance Y after 300 s ?
[1 mark]
Answer
Important!
21
September 2015
(b) Based on Diagram 9,

(i)
determine the melting point of the solid substance Y?

[1 mark]
Important!
Answer
(ii)
calculate the heat energy absorbed by the substance Y at region KL.

[3 marks]
Important!
Answer
(iii)
calculate the specific heat capacity of solid substance Y.

[3 marks]
Important!
Answer
(iv) calculate the specific latent heat of the solid substance Y.

[3 marks]
Important!
Answer
(c) Using kinetic theory of matter, explain why

(i)
At section LM, the temperature is remains constant?

[1 mark]
(ii)
at section KL the temperature increases

[1 mark]
Answer
Important!
22
September 2015
Question 10
Diagram 10 shows beaker is inverted and immersed in water at a depth, h from the water surface,
Diagram 10
(a) By using the kinetic theory of gases explain how the air molecules result in a pressure exerted
by the air on the walls of the beaker?
[4 marks]
Important!
Answer
(b) Sketch the graph to show the relationship between the following physical quantities:
(i)
Pressure of water, Pw and depth of water h.

[1 mark]
Important!
Answer
(ii)
Pressure of air trapped, Pa and depth of water h.

[1 mark]
Answer
Important!
23
(iii)
September 2015
Pressure of air trapped, Pa and the volume of air trapped L.
Answer
[1 mark]
Important!
(b) Name the law involved in (b) (iii).

[1 mark]
Answer
Important!
(d) If the volume of the beaker is 500 cm3 and L = 150 cm3, determine the value of h.
[Atmospheric pressure= 10 m of water]
[3 marks]
Answer
Important!
24
SET 4
September 2015
Electricity
Question 1
Diagram 1 shows a polystyrene ball that coated with metallic paint is hung in an electric field between
two metal plates.
Diagram 1
(a)
(i)
What is the meaning of electric field?

[1 mark]
Important!
Answer
(iii)
Answer
(b)
(i)
Answer
State the change on the strength of the electric field when the potential difference of
the high voltage supply increases.
[1 mark]
Important!
The polystyrene ball then is touched to the negative plate. State the type of charge
received by the polystyrene ball.
[1 mark]
Important!
25
(v)
September 2015
What happen to the polystyrene ball when it is released from negative plate?
[1 mark]
Important!
Answer
(iii)
The polystyrene ball in Diagram 1 is replaced by a burning candle. On Diagram 2, draw

the shape of the candle flame
[1 mark]
Diagram 2
(iv) Explain why the shape of the candle flame observed as drawn in answer (c) (i).
[4 marks]
Answer
(c)
Important!
Why E.H.T is used?

[1 mark}
Answer
Important!
26
September 2015
Question 2
Diagram 1.1 and 1.2 shows two identical bulbs connected to one cell and two dry cell respectively. The
bulb connected to two dry cells lights up brighter
Diagram 1.1
(i)
Diagram 1.2
What is meant by the value 9 V labeled on the dry cell?

[1 mark]
Answer
(ii)
Important!
Explain why the bulb connected to two dry cells is brighter.

[3 mark ]
Answer
Important!
27
September 2015
Question 3
The figure show a circuit containing two resistors P and Q , a bulb L, two switches S1 and S2, ammeter,
voltmeter and a battery.
(a)
When the switches S1 and S2 is opened, the reading of ammeter and voltmeter are 0.3 A and
2.4 V respectively.
Calculate,
(i)
the resistance of the bulb
[2 marks]
Important!
Answer
(ii)
the resistance of the resistor

[2 marks]
Important!
Answer
(iii)
The power dissipated in P

[2 marks]
Answer
Important!
28
(b)
September 2015
Compare the brightness of the bulb in the situation (a) when

(i)
only the switch S1 is closed
[1 mark]
Important!
Answer
(ii)
both the switches S1 and S2 are closed.

[1 mark]
Important!
Answer
(c)
The resistance of the resistor Q is 8. When the switch S2 is closed and the switch S1 is
opened, what is the reading of
(i)
the voltmeter
[3 marks]
Important!
Answer
(ii)
the ammeter
[2 marks]
Answer
Important!
29
September 2015
Question 4
The diagram shows a circuit containing voltmeter, ammeter, two switches S1 and S2, two bulbs M1 and
M2 and a battery with internal resistance of 1.
(a)
When the switches S1 and S2 are opened, the reading of the voltmeter is 12 V.
What is the e.m.f. of the cell?
[1 mark]
Important!
Answer
(b)
When the switch S1 is closed and the switch S2 is opened, the reading of the ammeter is 3.0 A.
Calculate
(i)
the reading of the voltmeter?
[2 marks]
Important!
Answer
(ii)
the resistance of bulb M1 ?

[2 marks]
Answer
Important!
30
(c)
September 2015
When the switches S1 and S2 is closed, the reading of the ammeter is 6.0 A .
Calculate
(i)
the resistance of bulb M2?
[2 marks]
Important!
Answer
(ii)
the reading of the voltmeter?

[3 marks]
Important!
Answer
Question 5
Diagram 54 shows an electric circuit. Voltmeters V1, V2 and V3 have high resistance. Ammeter A1, A2
and A3 and battery have small internal resistance that can be neglected. Bulbs M1, M2 and M3 have
same resistance.
(a)
Based on diagram 9.1, compare the readings of ammeter A1 and ammeter A 3, when the
switch S1 is on and switch S2 is off.
[1 mark]
Important!
Answer
(b) When switch S1 and switch S2 are on,

(i)
Compare the brightness of bulb M1 and M2.

[1 mark]
Answer
Important!
31
(ii)
September 2015
Compare the readings of voltmeter V1 and voltmeter V2

[1 mark]
Important!
Answer
(iii)
Write down the equation to relate the readings of voltmeter V1 , V2 and V3 .

[1 mark]
Important!
Answer
(iv)
Write down the equation to relate the readings of ammeter A1 , A2 and A3

[1 mark]
Important!
Answer
(c)
(i)
Important!
Answer
(i)
Answer
by referring to (a) state the type of circuit connection for the bulb if only bulbs M1
and M3 light up.
[1 mark]
Is the circuit connection above suitable to be used in a domestic wiring system? Give
a reason for your answer.
Important!
32
September 2015
Question 6
Diagram 6 shows a dry cell connected to a voltmeter and a rheostat. The reading of the voltmeter
is 1.0 V. If the slider on the rheostat is now moved a little, the reading on the voltmeter becomes
1.2 V.
V
Cell
Rheostat
Diagram 6
What are the changes made to the circuit when the rheostat slider is moved?
Explain your answer regarding,
(a) The internal resistance of the cell
(b) Current in the cell and
(c) Resistance of the rheostat
[5 marks]
Answer
Important!
33
September 2015
Question 7
Diagram shows an electric motor lifting a 2.0 kg load. When the motor is switched on, the load moved
through a height of 1.5 m in 2.5 s with constant speed. The current flowing in the circuit is 1.7 A and the
potential difference across the motor is 10.0 V.
Diagram 30
(a)
State the changes in energy that occur when the motor is switched on.
[1 mark]
Important!
Answer
(b)
Calculate,
(i) the electrical power supplied when the motor is lifting the load.
[2 marks]
Important!
Answer
(ii)
the output power of the motor when the load moved through a height of 1.5 m in 2.5s.
[2 marks]
Important!
Answer
(iii)
the efficiency of the electric motor.

[2 marks]
Answer
Important!
34
September 2015
Question 8
Diagram 8 shows one bulb connected to one dry cell.
Diagram 8
(a)
What is meant by the label 9V, 20W on the bulb?

[1 mark]
Important!
Answer
(b)
Based on Diagram 8, calculate

(i)
current flowing through the bulb.

[2 marks]
Important!
Answer
(ii)
resistance of the filament of the bulb?

[2 marks]
Answer
Important!
35
(c)
September 2015
Table 8 shows three different types of filament to be used in bulb in

Diagram 8 above.
Filament
Filament
Power supplied to the bulb

Kuasa dibekalkan kepada mentol
Power produced
(Light) Kuasa dihasilkan (Cahaya)
-1
20Js
-1
15 J s
-1
30Js
-1
28 J s
-1
50Js
-1
43 J s
Table 8
(i)
State the effect of thickness of wire of the filament to the rate of energy
loss in the filament.
[1 mark]
Important!
Answer
(ii)
Calculate the efficiency of each filaments P, Q and R.

[4 marks]
Important!
Answer
(iii)
Suggest the most suitable filament to be used in the bulb. Justify your choice.
[2 marks]
Answer
Important!
36
September 2015
Question 9
Diagram 9 shows an electrical circuit. The reading of voltmeter V1 is 2 V. [Ignore the internal resistance
of the cell]
V1
Nichrome wire
Dawai nikrom
6V
5
V2
Diagram 9.
(a)
(ii)
(iii)
State the reading of voltmeter V2.

Calculate the current in the circuit.
What is the resistance of the nichrome wire?
[5 marks]
Answer
Important!
37
September 2015
Question 10
An electric motor is used to lift a load of mass 2 kg to a height 5 m in 2.5 s. If the supply voltage is 12 V
and the flow of current in the motor is 5.0 A, calculate
(a)
Energy input to the motor
(b)
Useful energy output of the motor
(c)
Efficiency of the motor
[6 marks]
Answer
Important!
38
SET 5
September 2015
Radioactivity
Question 1
Diagram shows how a system is used in a factory to ensure the thickness of paper sheets are uniform.
The system uses radioisotope Strontium 90 as the radioactive source.
Explain how Strontium-90 is used to measure the thickness piece of paper?

[4 marks]
Important!
Answer
Question 2
Radioisotopes can be used as tracers to detect leaks from pipes underground. Diagram 30 shows a
leak that occurred in an underground water pipe.
(a)
Answer
What is meant by radioisotopes?
[1 mark]
Important!
39
(b)
September 2015
With the aid of diagram, explain how radioisotopes can be used to detect the location of the
leakage as shown in Diagram.
[3 marks]
Answer
Important!
Question 3
The following equation shows a fission reaction of Uranium-235.
Nuclear fission produces a chain reaction.

Describe how the chain reaction occurs in a nuclear fission of an atom of Uranium- 235.
[4 marks]
Answer
Important!
Question 4
A cup of milk is contaminated with iodine-131. The half-life of iodine-131 is 8 days.
(i)
Iodine-131 is no longer a threat once its activity decays to one-eighth of its original activity. After
how many days will the milk be safe to drink?
[2 marks]
Answer
Important!
(ii)
40
(ii)
September 2015
The initial mass of a sample of iodine-131 is 20 mg. How much of iodine-131 will remain after 32
days?
[2 marks]
Important!
Answer
Question 5
Diagram 5 shows the rate of decay of radioactive substance, Iodine-131.
DIAGRAM 3.1
a).
what is meant by half life?

[1mark]
Answer
b)
Important!
Based on Diagram 3.1, what is the half life of Iodine?

[1mark]
Answer
Important!
41
c)
September 2015
What happen to the activity of Iodine-131 after 24 days?

[1mark]
Important!
Answer
d)
When Iodine-131 decays, it produces a beta particle and Xenon-131(Xe).

( i)
What is beta particle?

[1mark]
Important!
Answer
(ii)
Complete the following equation for the decay of Iodine-131.
[1 mark]
Important!
Answer
Question 6
Polonium-210 undergoes alpha decay to become plumbum-206. The equation for the decay is:
210
206
4
Po
Pb + He + energy
82
84
2
Additional information:
Mass Po
= 209.982 u
1u
= 1.66 x 10-27kg
Mass Pb= 205.969 u

c = 3 x 108 ms-1
Mass He
= 4.004 u
Using the equation and the information above, calculate

(a)
The mass defect
[2 marks]
Answer
Important!
42
(b)
September 2015
The energy released

[2 marks]
Important!
Answer
(c)
The power generated in 2 ms

[2 marks]
Important!
Answer
Question 7
Number of nutron
(a) Diagram 5.1 shows a graph of the number of neutron and proton in the stable nucleus.
Number of proton
DIAGRAM 5.1
Phosporus-32 atom has 17 neutrons.
(i)
(ii)
Calculate the number of proton in the nucleus phosporus-32?

mark]
On the graph in Diagram 5.1, mark X to show the position of phosporus-32.
[1
[1 mark]
Answer
Important!
43
(iii)
September 2015
According to graph in Diagram 5.1, explain why phosporus-32 is radioactive?
.
[1 mark]
Important!
Answer
(b) P and Q are 2 elements whose half life is 12 hours and 2.6 years respectively. Both elements
undergo radioactive decay and emitted ray to become stable.
(i)
State the change to proton number and nucleon number of element P after emitting ray.
[2 marks]
Important!
Answer
(ii)
State the change to the activity of element P and Q after 24 hours.

[2 marks]
Important!
Answer
(iii)
State the change in mass from the original mass after 12 hours.
[1 mark]
Important!
Answer
(c)
A factory produces aluminium plate 1 mm thick. The thickness of aluminium plate can be
detected by a detector which is connected to radioactive counter equipment as shown in
Diagram 5.2. Radioactive source emitting ray is used.
Diagram 5.2
44
(i)
Explain why radioactive source that emitted
September 2015
ray and ray are not suitable?

[2 marks]
Answer
Important!
(ii) Between element P and element Q, which the more suitable element to be used as
radioactive source in radioactive counter above. Give a reason for your answer.
[2 marks]
Answer
Important!
Question 8
The diagram shows the graph activity against time for radioactive material.
Based on the graph above, determine the half-life of the radioactive material.
Answer
Important!
45
September 2015
Question 9
234
Diagram shows a nuclide Thorium-234, 90Th is placed in a container. Thorium-234 nuclide decays to a
nuclide Radium-226,
226
88 Ra
by emitting particle and particle.
Diagram 9
(a) What is meant by radioactive decay?
[1 mark]
Important!
Answer
(b) (i)
In Diagram 9, draw the path of particle and particle.

[2 marks]
Important!
Answer
(ii)
Explain your answer in (b) (i).

[2 marks]
Answer
Important!
(c) Calculate the number of particle and particle that emitted in the Thorium-234 decays.
[2 marks]
Answer
Important!
(d) Thorium-234 has half-life of 20 days and initial mass of 48 g. Calculate the mass of not decayed
Thorium-234 after 60 days.
[2 marks]
Answer
Important!
46
September 2015
Question 10
Diagram 10 shows a method used to detect leakage of pipes lay underground. A little radioisotope
substance is dissolved in the water that flows in the pipes. A Geiger-Muller tube which is connected to
the rate meter is then moved over the pipes according to the layout plan of the underground pipes.
Diagram 10
Location of Geiger-Muller Tube

Reading of the rate meter / counts per minutes
300
295
284
372
290
216
Table 10.1
Table 10.1 shows the readings of the rate meter at the different locations.
(a)
What is meant by radioisotope?

[1 mark]
Important!
Answer
(b)
Based on table 10.1, state the location on the pipe where the leakage takes place.
State reason for your answer.
[2 marks]
Important!
Answer
Table 10.2 shows the time taken for radioisotope of sodium-24, cobalt-60 and radium-226 to decay to
12.5% from initial activity and the radioactive emission.
Radioisotope
Time taken to decay to 12.5%
Radioactive emission
Sodium-24
45 hours
Beta
Cobalt-60
15.9 years
Gamma
Radium-226
4860 years
Alpha
Table 10.2
47
(c)
Based on Table 10.2,

(i) Write the decay equation for radium-226 ( 226 Ra) if it decay to radon
88
September 2015
222
Rn)
86
[2 marks]
Answer
Important!
(ii) Calculate the half life for every radioisotope.

[3 marks]
Answer
Important!
(e)
Based on your answer in (c) (ii) and Table 10.2 suggest the suitable radioisotope to detect the
leakages of underground pipe. Gives 2 reasons for your answer.
[3 marks]
Answer
Important!
48
SET 6
September 2015
Light
Question 1
Light of frequency 4.6 1014 Hz travels at a speed of 1.24 108 ms-1 in diamond.
(a) Calculate the refractive index of diamond for this colour of light.
(b) What is the frequency of the light in air
(c) State whether the light changes its wavelegth as it passes from air to diamond. Explain your
answer.
[5 marks]
Important!
Answer
Question 2
Diagram 1 shows a ray of blue light of frequency 4.8 10 14 Hz travels from a piece of clear plastic to air,
The refractive index of the plastic is 1.48.
Diagram 1
Calculate
(a) the angle of refraction.
(b) the wavelength of the light in air.
(c) the wavelength in plastic
49
September 2015
Important!
Answer
Question 3
A ray of red light is incident on a triangular prism made from clear plastic as shown in Diagram 2. The
refractive index of the plastic is 1.46 for the red light.
Diagram 2
Calculate
(a) The critical angle of the prism
(b) The angle of refraction as the ray of red light leaves the prism.
(c) [5 marks]
Answer
Important!
50
September 2015
Question 4
(a) Diagram 3 shows Mr. Zain is having a hair cut in a barbers shop.
http://www.jantoo.com/cartoons/keywords/barbershops
http://www.jantoo.com/cartoons/keywords/bar
1m
0.2 m
bershops
Diagram 3
The barber uses plane mirror Q to help Mr. Zain to see the back of his head. If Mr. Zain is facing
plane mirror P, where Mr. Zain can see the first image of the back of his head formed by plane
mirror P?
Important!
Answer
(b) Two adjacent plane mirrors form a right angle, as shown in Diagram 4
Diagram 4
A light ray is incident upon one of the mirrors at an angle of 30 to the normal.
(i)
What is the angle at which the light ray is reflected from the second mirror?
(ii)
The mirrors in Diagram 4 are a retroreflector. A retroreflrector is a device that reflects
incoming light rays back in a direction opposite to that of the incident rays. Copy the
diagram above and draw the reflected light rays to show that this mirror system acts as a
retroreflector.
51
September 2015
Important!
Answer
Question 5
Diagram 5 shows a diamond ring.
Diagram 5
Explain why the diamond ring in air sparkles more than under water.
[4 marks]
Answer
Important!
52
September 2015
Question 6
Explain why a person in a dark room looking through a window can clearly see a person outside in the
daylight, whereas the person outside cannot see the person inside.
[4 marks]
Answer
Important!
Question 7
Diagram 3 shows a shaving mirror that makes use of concave mirrors because of their curved and
reflective surface.
With the help of a ray diagram, explain how the image is produced. State the characteristics of the
image formed.
Answer
Important!
53
September 2015
Question 8
Diagram 6 shows a cross section of a simple camera.
Diagram 6
(a) In terms of focal length, how far behind the lens is the film located when very distant objects are
being photographed? Explain your answer.
Answer
Important!
(b) Why the image is blurred when the objects close to the camera are being photographed?
Answer
Important!
(c) State where the camera lens should be located if the camera to capture the photograph of closer
object.
Answer
Important!
54
September 2015
Question 9
A 7.6 cm diameter ball is located 22.0 cm from a convex mirror with a radius of curvature of
60.0 cm. Draw a ray diagram to determine
(a)
The balls image position
(b)
The balls image diameter?
Important!
Answer
Question 10
Diagram 7 shows two different types of mirage.
Diagram 7
By using diagrams, explain how they form.
[4 marks]
Answer
Important!
55
September 2015
Question 11
Bella put up a four-digit numbered poster on a wall in front of a mirror as shown below
(a) Draw the reflected image of the four-digit number seen on the mirror.
Answer
Important!
(b) Draw a ray diagram to proof your answer in (a).

Answer
Important!
Question 12
Bob constructs her own pinhole camera as shown in Diagram 8.
56
September 2015
However, the disadvantages of using this simple camera are the image formed is not bright and clear
for different locations of objects. The camera is also not portable and cannot be used for taking pictures
of moving object. As optical engineering students, you and Bob are recquired to design and create a
new camera. Help Bob by explaining the modifications based on the following aspects:
(i)
Type of lens used
(ii)
The arrangement of the lens in the camera
(iii)
Additional features that are recquired
[10 marks]
Answer
Important!
57
SET 7
September 2015
Waves
Question 1
(a)
Explain how microbats use echolocation to navigate and hunt.
Answer
(b)
Important!
Determine the time delay between the sending of a pulse and the return of its reflection from an
object located 12.5 m away. Approximate the speed of the sound waves as 345 m/s
Answer
Important!
Question 2
In an interference experiment, red light with the wavelength 600 nm passes through a double slit. On a
screen 1.5 m away, the distance between the 1st and 11th dark bands is 13.2 cm.
(a) What is the separation of the slits?
Answer
Important!
(b) What would the spacing be, between adjacent nodal lines, if blue light with the frequency 500 THz
were used?
Answer
Important!
58
September 2015
Question 3
Explain how energy is transferred in
(a) Ultrasonic waves
(b) Water waves
Use diagram to explain your answer.
Answer
Important!
Question 4
Explain how energy is transferred in X-ray. Use diagram to explain your answer.
Answer
Important!
59
September 2015
Question 5
Ultrasound is the name given to sound waves that have frequencies greater than 20000Hz. It's too high
pitched for human hearing, but many animals, such as dogs, cats and bats can hear ultrasound.
Diagram 1
Diagram 1 shows a photograph of a fetus at 4 months seen via ultrasound. Explain how ultrasound is
applied in medicine to produce the medical images of foetus.
Important!
Answer
Question 6
Diagram 2 shows several "snapshots" of the production of a wave within a rope. The motion of the
disturbance along the rope after every one-fourth of a period is captured.
Diagram 2
From your observation on the time it takes from the first to the last snapshot and the leading edge of the
disturbance has moved,
(a) explain how the mathematical relationship between the speed of a wave, v, its wavelength,
and the frequency, f is produced. State the relationship.
Answer
Important!
60
September 2015
(b) Sketch a graph of

i.
against v
ii.
against f
iii.
v/ against
to represent the motion of the wave.
Important!
Answer
Question 7
Diagram 2 shows a system used at an airport to locate aeroplanes and co-ordinate them so that they
can land safely, avoiding collisions.
Diagram 2
Explain how the distance to the aeroplane is calculated using the data collected. Draw a labelled
diagram to explain your answer.
Answer
Important!
61
September 2015
Question 8
Woodwind instruments have a long, thin column of air. Some of the woodwind instruments are shown in
Diagram 3(a). Attached to the instrument, is reed (Diagram 3(b)) air jet that excites the vibration.
Diagram 3(a)
Diagram 3(b)
Diagram 3
The operation of a woodwind instrument is often modeled in a Physics class using a plastic straw. A Vshaped point as shown in Diagram 3(b) on the end of the straw woodwind act as a double reed.
Diagram 3(c)
Blowing on the reed when it is put in the mouth can produce sound.
Explain how the straw woodwind can produce a loud sound,

Answer
Important!
62
SET 8
September 2015
Electromagnetism
Question 1
Diagram shows a U-shaped soft iron core is wound with insulated copper wire PQ and RS. An a.c. supply
of 240 V is connected at the ends of PQ and a bulb of 12V, 60W is connected at the ends of RS.
(i)
(ii)
(ii)
If the bulb lights up with normal brightness, determine the ratio of the number of turns in the coil
PQ to the number of turns in the coil RS.
Calculate the output current.
If the efficiency of the transformer is 80%, calculate the current in the primary coil.
Answer
Important!
Question 2
The diagram shows a transformer has the number of turns of the primary coil and the secondary coil
4000 turns and 300 turns respectively. The input voltage of the transformer is 240 V.
(a)
Calculate the output voltage of the transformer.
63
(b)
September 2015
A lamp 36W 18V is connected across the secondary coil. The lamp light up with normal
brightness.
Calculate
(i)
the current in the secondary coil?
(ii)
the resistance of the filament bulb?
(iii)
the efficiency of the transformer when the current in the primary coil is 0.2 A.
Answer
Important!
Question 3
The diagram shows the Model of an Electricity Transmission System. The electrical power of 24 W is
transmitted at a voltage 12 V. The voltage reaches at a village across a bulb is 9V.
(a)
Why is the voltage decreases when reaches at the village?
Answer
Important!
64
(b)
Two identical ammeters A1 and A2 are connected as shown in the diagram above.
(i)
What is the reading of ammeter A1?
(ii)
Compare the reading of ammeter A2 and ammeter A1?

Important!
Answer
(c)
September 2015
Calculate
(i)
the power loss in the transmission line
(ii)
the total resistance of the transmission lines.
Important!
Answer
Question 4
The diagram shows part of a hydroelectric power station.
80 m
(a) State the changes in energy that occur during the generation of electricity power in the
hydroelectric power station.
(b)
Answer
Important!
65
(b)
September 2015
Given that 0.5 m3 s-1 of water flows down the pipe.[Density of water = 1 000 kgm-3 ]
Determine the power delivered to the water-turbine, assuming that no energy is lost in the pipe.
Important!
Answer
Question 5
Figure (b) shows a circuit consisting of a transformer, an ammeter and two light bulbs. The ammeter
reading is 0.5 A and both bulbs light up with normal brightness.
Figure (b)
(a)
(b)
What is the output voltage of the transformer?

Calculate the efficiency of the transformer.
Answer
Important!
66
September 2015
Question 6
The figure show two iron nails hung in a solenoid.
What will happen to the rods when a current flows through the solenoid? Explain your answer.
[4 marks]
Answer
Important!
Question 7
Diagram 2 shows an electromagnet crane.
Explain how the electromagnet crane can be used to lift scrap metal.
Answer
[4 marks]
Important!
67
September 2015
Question 8
Diagram 3 shows a simple direct current electric motor.
Using the concept of the magnetic effect of an electric current, explain with the aid of diagrams how
forces are produced on a wire in the coil, as shown in the diagram above.
[4 marks]
Answer
Important!
Question 9
Diagram 3 shows the structure of a generator. Explain how the generator can be used to produce
electricity
[4 marks]
Answer
Important!
68
September 2015
Question 10
Diagram 4 shows a simple transformer.
(i)
What is meant by ideal transformer?

[1 mark]
Important!
Answer
(ii)
Explain the working principle of a transformer.

[4 marks]
Important!
Answer
Question 11
Diagram 5 shows the cross section of a magnet with a coil carrying a current is placed in the space
between the poles of the magnet.
Diagram 5
Describe and explain what happens to the current-carrying coil in the magnetic field.
[3 marks]
69
September 2015
Important!
Answer
Question 12
Diagram 6 shows the cross section of a moving-coil loudspeaker.
Diagram 6
Explain how the moving-coil loudspeaker producing sound.
[4 marks]
Answer
Important!
70
September 2015
Question 13
The diagram shows PQ and RS two insulated wires placed near to each other.
When the switch is closed and kept closed, explain what will happen to the pointer of the
galvanometer
[4 marks]
Answer
Important!
Question 14
Diagram 7 shows the structure of construction of a hydro power generating plant.
Base on the diagram, explain how the efficiency can be increased in the long distance transmission of
electricity by using the alternate-current.
[4 marks]
Answer
Important!
71
September 2015
Question 15
The diagram shows the circuit for the electric starter motor of a car. The circuit includes a relay switch,
which is a switch closed by an electromagnet. Explain how turning the ignition key causes the starter
motor to work.
[ 4 marks ]
Answer
Important!
72
SET 9
September 2015
Electronic
Question 1
A potential difference of 3 kV is applied across the cathode and anode of an electron gun. Calculate
the maximum velocity of the electron produced.
Given the charge of an electron, e = 1.6 x 10-19 C, mass of an electron, m = 9.0 x 10-31 kg.
Answer
Important!
Question 2
The figure shows a waveform obtained on the screen of CRO at an airport radar station. The point X
and Y indicate the time transmission to an aero plane and time of receiving the reflected signals by the
radar station.[Time-base control setting of the CRO = 50 ms cm-1 ]
Determine
(a)
The time travels of the radar from X to Y.
(b)
The distance between the radar station and the aero plane.
[Speed of light = 3 x 108 ms-1 ]
Answer
Important!
73
September 2015
Question 3
The diagram shows a transistor circuit. In order to trigger alarm X, the potential difference across NO
must be at least 1V.
(a)
What is the potential difference across MO?
Answer
(b)
When the resistance of resistors P and Q are 500 respectively,

(i)
what is the potential difference across MN?
(ii)
what happens to alarm X?
Answer
(c)
Important!
Important!
When the resistance of resistor Q is 500 and the resistance of resistor P is 4000 , Determine
the potential difference across the resistor Q to show that alarm X is not triggered.
Answer
Important!
74
(d)
September 2015
The table shows the variations of the resistance of a thermostat, T with temperature.
Temperature / o C
Thermostat resistance /
200
1750
100
3500
55
5000
30
6000
When resistor P is replaced by thermostat T, what is?

(i)
the resistance of resistor Q if alarm X is triggered at 200o C.
(ii)
the temperature required to trigger alarm X, when the resistance of resistor is
1000.
Important!
Answer
Question 4
Diagram 4 shows a transistor circuit. Resistor M is a variable resistor and resistor N is a fixed resistor. Bulb T
will light up when the potential difference across N is at least 1 V.
Diagram 4
If the potential difference between Y and Z is 1 V, calculate;
(i)
The potential difference between X and Y?
Answer
Important!
75
(ii)
September 2015
The maximum resistance, M that enables the bulb T is light up.

Important!
Answer
Question 5
Diagram 5 shows a transistor circuit. The transistor is on when the potential difference across PQ 0.7 V.
Diagram 5
By adjusting the rheostat AB, the minimum and maximum potential difference across PQ can be
produced. Calculate:
(i)
The minimum potential difference between P and Q?
(ii)
The maximum potential difference between P and Q?
(iii)
Value of the base current, Ib. when the potential difference between P and Q is a maximum.
Answer
Important!
76
September 2015
Question 6
1.
Diagram 1 shows a Cathode-Ray Oscilloscope.
Explain how the Cathode-Ray Oscilloscope can be used to measure the potential difference of a dry
cell.
[4 marks]
Answer
Important!
Question 7
Diagram 2 shows the bonding of silicon atoms, each with four valence electrons in its outermost shell.
By using the diagram, explain how ntype semiconductor is produced.

[4 marks]
Answer
Important!
77
September 2015
Question 8
Diagram 2 shows the bonding of silicon atoms, each with four valence electrons in its outermost shell.
By using the diagram, explain how ptype semiconductor is produced.

[4 marks]
Important!
Answer
Question 9
Diagram 3 shows a transistor circuit is used to light up a bulb at night.
Explain how the bulb light up at night.

[4 marks]
Answer
Important!
78
September 2015
Question 10
The diagram shows to bar magnets are placed in between a Maltese Cross tube.
In which direction will the shadow of the Maltese Cross is shifted? Explain your answer.
Important!
Answer
End Of Module
Your will and your skill

can help you climb the highest hill
Dr. Billy Kuek
79

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