EJEMPLOS DE ARMADURA

:EX (1)
Determine the force in each member of the
truss, and state if the members are in tension
.or compression

Solution
:Free Body Diagram

:First, we should calculate reactions at A and B

MA =0
0 = (4) (600) + (2) (900) + (2) ( By)
By = -2100 N = ...
2100N
Fy =0
Ay - By = 0

Ay = B y

Ay = -2100N = 2100 N
Fx = 0
Ax Bx + 900+ 600 = 0

:Node A

Ax Bx = -1500 ----------(1)

Ax = 0
F1 = 2100 N

(Tension)

:By substituting in eqn 1, we get

Bx =1500 N

:Node D

F6 + 600 = 0

F6 = -1341.6 N

F6 = 1341.6 N
F2 -

2
5

F2 = 1200

1
5

( compression )

(1341.6) = 0
(Tension)
N

:Node c

CE is a zero force member,so F3 = 0

1341.6 N (compression)

and F6 = F5 =

:Node E

F4 sin45 = -900
F4 = -1272.8 N = 1272.8 (compression)

:EX(2)
The truss, used to support a balcony, is
subjected to the loading shown. Approximate
each joint as a pin and determine the force in
each member. State whether the members are
in tension or compression. Set P1 = 3 KN, P2 = 2
.KN

Solution
:Free Body Diagram

MC =0
Ex (1) = 0

Ex = 8 KN - (2)3 + (1)2

Fx = 0
Cx - Ex = 0
Cx = 8 KN
Fy = 0

C x = Ex

Cy + Ey - 2 3 = 0

Cy + Ey = 5---------(1)

:Node E

Ey = 0
F1 = -8

F1 = 8 KN

(compression)

:By substituting in eqn 1, we get

Cy = 5 KN

:Node C

F2 = 5 2

F2 sin45 = 5
F2 cos45 + F3 = 8
F3 = 3 KN

:Node B

(Tension)

= 7.07 KN ( Tension )

5 2 cos45 + F3 = 8

F5 = 3 KN

(Tension)

F4 = 2 KN

(Tension)

:Node A

Fy = 0
F6 sin45 = 0 + 3
F6 = 3 2 = 4.24 KN

(Tension)

:EX(3)
Determine the force in each member of the
truss and state if the members are in tension or
compression. Set P1 = 2 KN and

.P2 = 1.5 KN

Solution
:Free Body Diagram

MA =0
Ex (2 3 ) = 0 + (3) (2)+(6) (1.5)
Ex = - 4.33 KN = 4.33
KN
Fx = 0

Ax + (- 4.33) = 0

Ax = 4.33 KN

Fy = 0
Ay + Ey = 3.5 ..(1)

:Node C

F2 sin30 = 1.5
F1 + 3cos30 = 0

F2 = 3 KN

(Tension)

F1 = - 1.5 3 = -2.6 KN=2.6 KN

(compression)

:Node D

F3 = 2 KN (Tension)
F4 = - 2.6 KN =2.6 KN (compression)

:Node E

F5 cos30 + 4.33 - 2.6 = 0

F5 = - 2 KN = 2 KN (compression)
Ey + (-2) sin30 = 0

Ey = 1 KN

By substituting in eqn(1), we get

Ay + 1 = 3.5

Ay = 2.5 KN

:Node A

F6 cos60 = 2.5
F6 = 5 KN (Tension)

:EX(4)
Determine the force in each member of the
truss and state if the members are in tension or
.compression. Set P1 = 4 KN and P2 = 0

Solution
:Free Body Diagram

MA =0
Ey (4) (4) (2) = 0

Ey = 2 KN

Fy = 0
Ay + 2 = 0

Ay = -2 KN = 2 KN

Fx = 0
Ex - Ax = 0

Ex = Ax ---------(1)

FD & BG are zero force members, so

F9 = 0

and

F2 = 0

and as a result

AG & GC & FC & FE became zero force members,so

F1 = F3 = F10 = F8 = 0

:Node A

F4 = 2(0.75/1.25)
F4 = 10/3 = 3.33 KN (Tension)
Ax = (1/1.25) F4 = 8/3 = 2.67 KN
By substituting in eqn (1), we get
Ex = 2.67 KN

:Node B
F4 = F5 = 3.33 KN (Tension)

:Node F

F7 = 2 (0.75/1.25)

F7 = 10/3 =3.33 KN (Tension)

:Node D
F7 = F6 = 3.33 KN (Tension)

:EX(5)
Determine the force in each member of the
truss and state if the members are in tension or
compression. Set P1 = 1200 N and

.P2 = 1500 N

Solution
:Free Body Diagram

Mc =0
Bx 500(3.6) =0 1.5
Bx = 1200 N
Fx =0
Cx +1200 +1200 =0
Cx = - 2400 N
Fy =0
Cy 500 = 0

Cy = 500 N

:Node D

F2 = - 500
(compression)

F2 = - 1300 N = 1300 N (1.5/3.9)

F1 + (3.6/3.9)F2 = 1200

F1 = 2400 N (Tension)

AB & AC are zero force members, so

F3 = F 5 = 0
:Node B

F4 = -500 N = 500 N (compression)

:EX(6)
Determine the force in each member of the
truss and state if the members are in tension or
.compression

Solution
:Free Body Diagram

Mc =0
Ay(2.4) = 0 - (3.6)4.5 + (1.2)3
Ay = 8.25 KN
Fx =0
Fy =0

Cx = 0

Cy + 8.25 3 4.5 - = 0

Cy = 0.75 KN

BD and EA are zero force members, so

F3 = F 8 = 0
:Node C

F4 = 0.75

F4 = 1.25 KN (Tension)(0.9/1.5)

F1 +(1.2/1.5) (1.25) = 0
F1 = - 1 KN = 1 KN (compression)
:Node B
F1 = F2 = 1 KN (compression)
:Node D

F5 + 0.75 + 3 = 0(0.9/1.5)

F5 = -6.25 KN = 6.25 KN (compression)

F6 5 = 0 1
F6 = - 4 KN = 4KN

(compression)

:Node E
F6 = F7 = 4 KN (compression)
:Node F

F9 = 4.5 (0.9/1.5)
F9 = 7.5 KN

(Tension)

:EX(7)
Determine the force in members GE, GC, and
BC of the truss. Indicate whether the
.members are in tension or compression

Solution
Choose section a-a since it cuts through the three members
Draw FBD of the entire truss

Fx = 0;

400N - Ax = 0

MA = 0;
Fy = 0;

Ax = 400N

-1200(8) - 400(3) + D y(12) = 0

Dy = 900N
Ay 1200 + 900 =0

A y +
= 300N

Draw Free Body Diagram for the section portion

MG = 0;

- 300(4) 400(3) + FBC(3) = 0

MC = 0;

- 300(8) + FGE(3) = 0

+ Fy = 0;

300 -

3
5

FGC = 0

FBC = 800N

(Tension)

FGE = 800N

(Compression)

FGC = 500N

(Tension)

EX(8):

Determine the force CF of the truss shown in the figure. Indicate

whether the member is in tension or compression. Assume
each member is pin connected.

Solution
:Free Body Diagram

Section aa will be used since this

section will expose the internal force in member CF as external
on the free-body diagram of either the right or left portion of the
truss. It is first necessary, however, to determine the support reactions
on either the left or right side.
The free-body diagram of the right portion of the truss, which is the
easiest to analyze, is shown in the following figure:

Equations of Equilibrium: We will apply the moment equation

about point 0 in order to eliminate the two unknowns F FG and FcD.
The location of point 0 measured from E can be determined from
proportional triangles. i.e. 4/(4 + x) = 6/(8 + x ) . x = 4 m. Or,
stated in another manner. The slope of member GF has a drop of 2 m
to a horizontal distance of 4 m. Since FD is4 m. Fig. then from
D t0 O the distance must be 8 m.
An easy way to determine the moment of FCF about point O is to use
the principle of transmissibility and slide FCF to point C. and then
resolve FCF into its two rectangular components. We have

;MO = 0 +
FCF sin45 (12) + 3(8) 4.5(4) = 0 FCF = 0.589 KN (compression)

:EX(9)

Determine the force in member EB of the roof truss

shown in the figure. Indicate whether the member is in
.tension or compression

Solution