DIRECTING

MEANING:-
Directing is the function of management which is concerned with instructing,
guiding and inspiring people in the organization to achieve its objectives. It
ensures that people in an organization act efficiently and effectively.

IMPORTANCE OF MANAGEMENT:-
(1)Initiates action
(2)Integrates employees efforts
(3)Means of motivation
(4)Balance in the organization
(5)Facilitates change

ELEMENTS OF DIRECTING:-
(1)Supervision
(2)Motivation
(3)Leadership
(4)Communication

SUPERVISION
MEANING:-
The term supervision is normally used in management to mean, overseeing
the employees at work.

IMPORTANCE:-
(1)Ensure issuing instructions
(2)Facilitates control
(3)Optimal utilization of resources
(4)Maintenance of discipline
(5)Feedback
(6)Improves communication
(7)Improves motivation

MOTIVATION
MEANING:-
Motivation is the driving force that propels people to action and continues
them in action. Motivation is the set of forces that causes people to behave
in certain ways.

IMPORTANCE OF MOTIVATION:-
(1)Motivation sets in motion the action of people
(2)Improves efficiency
(3)Ensures achievement of organizational goals
(4)Motivation creates supportive work environment
(5)Reduction in resistance to change
(6)Reduction in employees

NEED HIERARCHY (ABRAHAM H. MASLAW):-

(1)Physiological needs
(2)Safety and security needs
(3)Social needs
(4)Esteem needs
(5)Self-actualization needs

LEADERSHIP
MEANING:-
Leadership is the ability to persuade others to seek defined objectives
enthusiastically. It is the human factor which binds a group together and
motivates it towards goals.

IMPORTANCE OF LEADERSHIP:-
(1)Helps in guiding and inspiring employees
(2)Secures cooperation of members of organization
(3)Creates confidence
(4)Improves productivity
(5)Improves job satisfaction
(6)Enhances group cohesion

QUALITIES OF GOOD LEADERSHIP:-

(1)Intelligence and scholarship
(2)Communication skills
(3)Listening skills
(4)Ability to inspire people
(5)Self confidence and sense of responsibility
(6)Empathy

COMMUNICATION
MEANING:-
Communication is a process which involves a sender of message and a
receiver, communication is complete only when the receiver is able to
interpret the message as desired by the sender and responds to it.
COMMUNICATION NETWORK:-
(1)Wheel
(2)Chain
(3)Circle
(4)All Channel

IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION:-
(1)Gains commitment of employees to organizational objectives
(2)Provides data necessary for decision making
(3)Classifies task responsibilities and authority positions
(4)Improves acceptance of org. rules by subordinates
(5)Helps the process of motivation and morale

FORMS OF ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION:-

(1)FORMAL COMMUNICATION:-
[i]Types of formal communication:-
(a)Downward communication
(b)Upward communication
(c)Horizontal communication
(d)Diagonal communication

[ii]Advantages of formal communication:-

(a)It is systematic and ensures orderly flow of information and ideas
(b)Source of communication can be easily located
(c)Provides support to authority of superiors
(d)Responsibilities of action taken can be easily fixed
(e)Control facilitated by it providing information about work force

[iii]Disadvantages of formal organization:-

(a)It is a slow process, particularly when it is routed through more than
one
authority level.
(b)It is mostly conveyed in an impersonal manner
(c)Accurate information may not be transmitted

(2)INFORMAL COMMUNICATION:-
[i]Advantages of informal organization:-
(a)Employees can develop friendly relations and derive social satisfaction
(b)Helps individuals to communicate on matters which can’t be done
through
official channel
(c)Provides means of useful communication between persons who may not
be
linked through official chain of command
 [ii]Disadvantages of informal organization:-
(a)Messages may be distorted as different pass on same message
(b)Often carry rumors and distorted facts
(c)It is unsystematic and cannot be relied upon
(d)Confidential information often leaks out

BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION:-

(1)Selective reception
(2)Poor listening skills
(3)Creditability of source
(4)Predispositions
(5)Status differences
(6)Screening or filtering
(7)Semantic problems
(8)Complex organizational structures

Compiled by,
Rizwan Basheer Ahmed