Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sept 2002
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Stretching materials
Lesson 4
Lesson 5
Friction
Lesson 6
Lesson 7
Lesson One
Lesson Objective:
Extension
Find out about Isaac Newton and his work on
Gravity
Homework opportunities:
Learn keywords
Technicians notes
List of Apparatus
Toy car, slope, block to pull with Newton
meter, at least two surfaces with differing
friction, balloon and cloth, pair of magnets,
beakers of fresh/salty water and objects
which just sink/float, beaker, filter paper and
pin.
Resources:
AV
IT
Special instructions/Chemicals
As this is better done as a circus, at least
two sets of each apparatus should be set up
at stations around the room.
Book references
Hodder A p72-73
SS2 Chapter 13
Teacher ref: Hodder
A resources p107
Worksheets
7K1a forces
keywords
7K1b measuring
forces
7K1c measuring forces
Lesson Two
Lesson Objective: To investigate upthrust and density (floating and sinking)
Statement of Attainment: 4.2
Previous Relevant Knowledge: How to measure force with a forcemeter
Lesson Content:
1.Introduction: remind pupils of different forces, explain that more than one force can be acting on
an object at any one time, when an object floats (or sinks) the forces involved are UPTHRUST and
GRAVITY. Draw diagram on board of boat ask pupils which direction they think the forces are acting in
this is a good opportunity to show arrow notation and also to show that the arrow can be places
anywhere as it is the direction of the arrow that indicates the force not its position around the object.
2. Demo :- two cans of coke, one diet and one normal. Place in a large beaker of water, one floats and
one sinks. AND/OR diver worksheet 7K2a Im getting that sinking feeling and worksheet
7K2a (teacher ref) technical advice for the diver.
Pose question why this is happening? Discuss how it feels when your body is floating in water.
3. Class prac.:- Activity 6.5 measuring combined force in air and water p117 Hodder A
resources. Worksheet 7K2b floating and sinking is an excellent support resource for this same
experiment. Weigh objects in air and water. What observations can be made? What forces are acting
and why do floating objects appear to have no weight?
4. Refer back to last lesson experiment with object floating in fresh/salty water. Demo to remind.
Introduce idea of density and how density of object and liquid are related. Worksheet 7K2f floating
and sinking (salty water)outlines a simple practical that can be done as a demo with the pupils fillin
g in the table and answering the questions.
5. If have time Demo:- measuring density of a cuboid ( if plastic bricks are used they can be
combined to show that if there are more bricks then both mass and volume increase but density
remains constant)
6. Plenary Ask pupils a series of questions to check their understanding i.e.
a. Why is a cork so light?
b. Why did they say that the Titanic was unsinkable?
c. Why did it sink?
d. Why did the iceberg float? Does it have air in it?
e. How do submarines sink when they have air in them?
f. Why do people float?
g. If we breathe out, do we sink?
h. If you through a key and a wooden stick in the river, which one floats? Why is this?
Risk Assessment:
Differentiation:
Support
Extension
Homework opportunities:
Find out about Archimedes experiment (worksheet 7K2c Archimedes can also be used)
Homework sheet 6.5 Force predictions p118 Hodder A resources
Technicians notes
List of Apparatus
Special instructions/Chemicals
Resources:
AV
IT
Book
references
Hodder A p78-79
Teacher ref:
Hodder A
resources p116
Worksheets
7K2a Im getting that sinking feeling
7K2a (teacher ref) technical advice for the
diver
7K2b floating and sinking
7K2c Archimedes
7K2d swim bladders
7K2e floating and sinking
7K2f floating and sinking (salty water)
Lesson Three
Lesson Objective: How materials stretch
Statement of Attainment:
4.2
Risk Assessment: Goggles must be worn as springs can break, take care of masses
falling off the bottom of springs. G-clamps should be used to prevent retort stands from
toppling over.
Differentiation:
Support
Extension
Homework opportunities:
Technicians notes
List of Apparatus
Retort stands, bosses and clamps, springs,
elastic bands, meter rulers, goggles.
Resources:
AV
IT
Special instructions/Chemicals
G-clamps should be used to prevent retort
stands from toppling over.
Book references
Hodder A p73
Worksheets
7K3a stretching forces
7K3b recording sheet
(stretching forces)
Lesson Four
Lesson Objective: To understand the difference between mass and weight
Statement of Attainment:
Previous Relevant Knowledge: Weight is a force.
Lesson Content:
Introduction: ask pupils what they think they would weigh on the moon (most pupils will know that it
is less) Ask them if they had lost any weight? It is important here to explain the terms mass and weight
and that in everyday language we refer to mass as weight!
Class prac.:- weigh objects on a balance in Kg/g and also on Newton scales/ Newton meter. Plot
graph of mass versus weight what is the link?
Discuss the link, what is the difference between mass the amount of material, weight the force of
gravity?
Discuss what mass/weight would be on the Moon or Jupiter where the force of gravity is different.
Worksheet 7K4a resource sheet 2 Weights on other planets gives good examples and can
be used here. Extension: Work out weight of everyday marked objects e.g. bag of sugar using the
graph.
Video either Scientific Eye or Science in Action Gravity.
Plenary: pupils are aware of the difference between mass and weight and that their weight can
change due to gravitational force but that their mass remains constant.
Risk Assessment:
Differentiation:
Support
Extension
Homework opportunities:
SS2 pg. 75 Questions (sheet in filing cabinet).
Technicians notes
List of Apparatus
Special instructions/Chemicals
Resources:
AV
Tape 3 Scientific Eye
Tape 66 Science in
Action
IT
Book references
SS2 pg. 72/73
Worksheets
7K4a resource sheet 2
Weights on other
planets
7K4b resource sheet 1
Galileo, Newton and
gravity
7K4c resource sheet 3
Newton
Lesson Five
Lesson Objective: Friction uses and disadvantages
Statement of Attainment: 4.2e
Previous Relevant Knowledge: Friction is a type of force.
Lesson Content:
Introduction: Discuss what pupils already know about friction. Two surfaces rubbing together
experience friction, due to microscopic surfaces not lining up. Friction always acts to oppose motion.
Uses e.g. standing up, car tyres on road. Problems e.g. wear in car engines. Friction produces heating
and can be reduced by lubricants. Air and water can also cause friction; this can be reduced by
streamlining.
Worksheet 7K5c friction: friend or foe? can be used to ascertain pupil understanding. If the pupil
is struggling then worksheet 7K5d friction gives a much more simplified approach. More able
students may wish to use worksheet 7K5e friction to extend there understanding.
Demo/Class prac 1.:- Friction grip test. Pupils pull blocks holding masses across various surfaces.
Measure force with Newton meter.
AND/OR
Class prac 2:- worksheet 7K5a Investigating forces (support) or worksheet 7K5b
Investigating shoes similar idea to above but includes more variables. Weaker students will not be
able to comprehend multiple variables and will need to consider each variable individually making a
comparison at the end of the practical, more able students should be encouraged to hypothesise the
impact of multiple variables.
Video either Scientific Eye or Science in Action Friction. This will be approx. 25mins.
discuss applications of friction further and link into road safety for homework task.
Plenary: students must understand what is meant by friction and be able to give some examples
where it occurs.
Risk Assessment:
Differentiation:
Support
Extension
Homework opportunities:
Worksheet 7K5f stopping distances of motor vehicles
Worksheet 7K5g stopping distances
Technicians notes
List of Apparatus
Special instructions/Chemicals
Resources:
AV
Scientific Eye
:Friction
Science in Action:
Friction
IT
Research
hwk into
stopping
distances
Book
references
Hodder A p76-77
SS2 pg. 76/79
Worksheets
7K5a Investigating forces
7K5b Investigating shoes
7K5cFriction- Friend or Foe.
7K5d friction
7K5e friction
7K5f stopping distances of
motor vehicles
7K5g stopping distances
Lesson Six
Lesson Objective: Difference between balanced and unbalanced forces.
Statement of Attainment: 4.2 c,d
Previous Relevant Knowledge: Different types of forces and their effects
Lesson Content:
Introduction: Remind that weight and mass are different. Using a forcemeter involves balanced
forces. On Earth 100g is pulled downwards by a force of 1N. If forces are balanced the object will
remain still or move at constant speed (difficult). If forces are unbalanced the object will change speed,
direction or shape. Link to idea about Friction/air resistance from last lesson and the idea of Upthrust
and gravity covered in lesson 3.
Class prac. SS3 21.1 Activity 1 and 2, these experiments show the effects of unbalanced forces.
OR Activity sheet 6.3 steady motion, changing motion p111 Hodder resources A.
Video Search out Science, Balancing Act. (if available)
There are a large number of worksheets available that we help to test understanding and are well
differentiated. You may wish to run a flexible learning session allowing pupils to select which sheets
they want to do. Pupils will need a degree of guidance as weak students may chose sheets beyond
them at this time and more able students ay chose not to challenge themselves! (worksheets 7K6a
-7K6f)
Plenary: pupils should be aware that if forces are unbalanced the object will change speed, direction
or shape and if forces are balanced the object will remain still or move at constant speed (difficult).
Risk Assessment:
Differentiation:
Support
Extension
Homework opportunities:
Worksheet 7K6g forces homework sheet challenging!
Worksheet 7K6h Forces rubber band racer gives a fun and alternative homework pupils can bring
their racers in to the next lesson.
Homework sheet 6.3 balanced and unbalanced forces p112 Hodder resources A
Technicians notes
List of Apparatus
Short lengths of rubber tubing, erasers,
retort stand, bosses, clamps, variety of
small balls (table tennis, squash, golf),
meter rulers.
Resources:
AV
IT
Special instructions/Chemicals
Meter rulers need to have a hole drilled in
one end or a long piece of wood with a hole
would be equivalent.
Book
references
SS3 pg. 88/89
Worksheets
7K6a wheres the force?
7K6b investigating movement
7K6c balanced forces
7K6e forces
7K6f balanced and unbalanced
forces
7K6g forces homework sheet
7K6h Forces rubber band racer
Lesson Seven
Lesson Objective: Speed, time and distance
Statement of Attainment:
Previous Relevant Knowledge: Different types of forces and their effects,
unbalanced and balanced forces.
Lesson Content:
INTRODUCTION: discuss the fact that in the previous lesson the idea of balanced and unbalanced
forces was discussed ask pupils if they can remember what impact that they had on speed. (if the
forces are unbalanced the object will change speed, direction or shape and if forces are balanced the
object will remain still or move at constant speed (difficult). Link to this lesson looking at how speed is
measured.
It is worth going through basic idea of speed, distance, time calculations Hodder A p70-71 gives a
good outline and some quick questions that can be used to ascertain understanding before moving
onto the practical. OR Activity Sheet A6S1 time travellers 1 & 2 p29 Hodder A support materials
gives good calculations.
Practical 1: Activity 6.1 your speed on the track Hodder A resources p105
OR
Practical 2: worksheet 7K7a rolling marbles or worksheet 7K7b investigating movement
PLENARY: pupils need to have a basic understanding of calculating speed and linking this to how the
forces ar acting on the object.
Risk Assessment:
Differentiation:
Support
Extension
Homework opportunities:
Homework Sheet 6.1 speed tables p106 Hodder A resources
Technicians notes
List of Apparatus
Resources:
AV
IT
Lightgates could be
used with 7K7a &b
Special instructions/Chemicals
Book references
Hodder A p70-71
Worksheets
7K7a rolling marbles
7K7b investigating
movement