Pavement Structure

Chapter 5

Life without Pavements

CIVL 3137

Pavement Types

Flexible

Rigid
CIVL 3137

Load Distribution

CIVL 3137

Rigid Pavements

Simply supported beam

CIVL 3137

Rigid Pavements

Beam on elastic foundation

CIVL 3137

Rigid Pavements

CIVL 3137

Source: WSDOT Pavement Guide Interactive CD-ROM

Rigid Pavement Structure

Compacted Subgrade
Natural Subgrade

CIVL 3137

Source: WSDOT Pavement Guide Interactive CD-ROM

Flexible Pavements

CIVL 3137

Flexible Pavements

CIVL 3137

Source: WSDOT Pavement Guide Interactive CD-ROM

10

Flexible Pavement Structure

Compacted Subgrade
Natural Subgrade

CIVL 3137

Source: WSDOT Pavement Guide Interactive CD-ROM

12

Pavement Design Factors

Wheel Loads Applied to Pavement
Magnitude of Wheel Loads
Type of Wheel Loads (Single or Tandem Axles)
Number of Wheel Load Applications
Changes over Time

Subgrade Support Provided

Seasonal Changes in Subgrade Support

CIVL 3137

13

FHWA Vehicle Classes

CIVL 3137

14

Damage Factors
Mazda Miata

Curb weight = 2300 lb

1
dM
NM
CIVL 3137

Ford Excursion

Curb weight = 6300 lb

1
dF
NF
15

Standard Vehicle

Curb weight = 4000 lb

1
dS
NS
CIVL 3137

16

Equivalency Factors
Mazda Miata
dM
FM
dS

CIVL 3137

Ford Excursion
dF
FF
dS

17

Typical Axle Loads

12,000

CIVL 3137

32,000

32,000

18

Standard Axle
9000 lb

9000 lb

Single Axle, Dual Wheels

CIVL 3137

19

AASHTO Equivalency Factors

CIVL 3137

20

Weigh Station

CIVL 3137

21

Axle Load Histogram

250

Frequency

200

150

100

50

0
600011999

1200017999

1800023999

2400029999

3000031999

3200033999

3400035999

3600037999

3800039999

4000041999

Tandem Axle Load (lbs)

CIVL 3137

22

Equivalent Single Axle Loads

12,000

32,000

32,000

ESAL = ??
CIVL 3137

23

FHWA Truck Classes

Class

Type

EALF

Motorcycles

negligible

Passenger Cars

negligible

Other Two-Axle, Four-Tire Single Unit Vehicles

negligible

Buses

0.57

Two-Axle, Six-Tire, Single Unit Trucks

0.26

Three-Axle Single Unit Trucks

0.42

Four or More Axle Single Unit Trucks

0.42

Four or Less Axle Single Trailer Trucks

0.30

Five-Axle Single Trailer Trucks

1.20

10

Six or More Axle Single Trailer Trucks

0.93

11

Five or Less Axle Multi-Trailer Trucks

0.82

12

Six-Axle Multi-Trailer Trucks

1.06

13

Seven or More Axle Multi-Trailer Trucks

1.39