EE 4183-Laboratory Practice VI

INTRODUCTION TO PSCAD
Semester 7

Instructed by: Ms. Roshani Peiris

Group Members:
M.A.L.K.Munasinghe

120407A

Name

D.S.Saputhanthri
T.M.Senarath
H.N.T.Wijesekara

120589F
120598G
120716U

Index No.
Group

Field

: Electrical Engineering

Date of Perform

: 21/06/2016

: H. N. T. Wijesekara
: 120716 U
: G-12

Date of Submission

: 05/07/2016

Simulation Conditions

Here all the loads are purely resistive. These pure resistive loads are implemented using Fixed load
in the master library. It was assumed that the line to ground fault occurs at Phase A. Also it was

assumed that the breaker operates at 1.04 s after the start time of the simulation. Simulation time was
taken as 2 s.

Simulation Diagram and Results

Discussion

1) Discuss about the important system models used in this simulation

Below given system models were used in this simulation

Sources:
A 3 phase voltage source model was used in the simulation.

Transmission lines:
When drawing transmission lines, transmission lines with single conductor was used. The steady
state frequency of the line used was 60 Hz. Geometry of the conductor arrangement could be
seen by double clicking on this element. Also we can change the geometry by double clicking on
the geometry figure which appears after double clicking the transmission line element.

3 phase transformers:
Here a 3 phase two winding 12.5/230 kV step-up transformer was used. We can its parameters
such as winding types, reactance, losses by double clicking on the element.

Single phase breaker:

This breaker is a directional breaker. We can edit its parameters such as current chopping
limit, breakers open/close resistance, breaker operation time, etc.

Fixed load:
This is a special type of load. We can fabricate any type of fixed load with different resistance
and inductance by changing its parameters. This element was used to fabricate a totally
resistive load by changing its reactive power parameter to zero.

Voltmeters, Ammeters:
These are used to measure the currents in transmission lines and the voltage levels of
different places in the system.

Logic Modules:

Here two types of logics were used namely the timed fault logic and timed breaker logic.
Timed fault logic was used to set the fault time of a line to ground fault. Timed breaker logic
was used to set the breaker operation time.

Fault modules:
Fault modules are used to create faults in order to observe the behaviour of the system at a
fault. Here a line to ground fault was used.

2) System behaviour before the fault, during the fault and after the
fault.

Before the fault

Before the fault (from t = 0 s to t = 1.0 s) the system is well balanced. But voltage and currents
are transient till t = 0.25875 s. But they stay in steady state till the fault occurs at t = 1.0 s. Ia, Ib,
Ic values at t = 1.0 s 2.96 A. Ea, Eb ,Ec stay at 1551.6 V. Eab, Ebc stay at 2371.1 V and
Eab_initial is 132.65 V.

During the fault

Duration of the fault is from t =1.0 s to t = 1.04 s where the breakers operate. During this time
period Ia rises to 4.726 A, Ib rises to 3.226 A, Ic rises to 3.286 A , Ea starts dropping down to 0 V.
Eb rises to 1706.63 V and Ec rises to 1738.67 V. Eab drops to 1732.07 V , Ebc drops to 2445.38
V and Eab_initial rises to 138.63 V.

After the fault

After the fault is from t = 1.04 s onwards. Now Ia, Ib, Ic reduce to 0 A gradually with time. Ea,
Eb, Ec also drop down to 0 V. Also Eab, Eac drop down to 0 V while Eab_initial rise to a value
more than 215 V.