Integral Waterproofing Solutions for Concrete

Presented by:
Joshua J. Edwards, P.E. Director of Engineering
Bill Frazier & Dan Lien - Sales

Learning Objectives
1.

Understand the possibilities and implications of using integral waterproofing

and corrosion control solutions versus conventional waterproofing/corrosion
control methodologies

2.

Understand why integral waterproofing approaches are sustainable and reduce

environmental impact compared to traditional techniques

3.

Understand why integral waterproofing solutions can be more economical and

provide greater life cycle value

4.

Understand why integral waterproofers offer superior performance over

membranes and other coatings

Integral Waterproofing: Agenda

1.

Why is there a need for concrete waterproofing?

2.

What are the traditional approaches for concrete waterproofing?

3.

Existing issues with conventional waterproofing methods

4.

What is integral waterproofing?

5.

Environmental benefits of integral solutions

6.

Project and worksite advantages of integral waterproofing

7.

How can integral waterproofing be achieved? Hydrophobics in depth.

8.

Applications for integral waterproofing

Major Problem
(Capillary Wicking Action)

Concrete is hydrophilic. Moisture

contacting the concrete surface is
quickly drawn through the matrix into
the structure through the capillaries,
cracks and voids

External Protection Systems

Cold applied asphalt/coal-tar

Rubberized asphalt sheets
Asphalt modified poly-urethanes
Hot/Cold polymer modified asphalt
Cementitious systems and Bentonite clay systems

External Protection Issues

Requires nearly 100% perfect workmanship
Risk of weather delay
Vulnerable to damage
Reduced lay down areas on jobsite
Expensive or impossible to repair
(finger pointing when leaks occur)
Typically not recyclable
High VOC, safety issues
Increased liability fears

External Protection Issues Continued

Complex design
Significant amount of material needed
Typically not environmentally friendly
Numerous man-hours required
Costly Repairs

Market Impact
Over $16 Billion per year in material and labor to
externally protect concrete structures from water
intrusion.

There is a direct correlation between the ability

to waterproof and corrosion control.
Better waterproofing = Better corrosion control
The global annual cost of corrosion exceeds $200
Billion

Something isnt working!

Environmental Impacts
Waste materials from the built environment are known as
Construction and Demolition debris (C&D), and account for
a large percentage of the waste stream:

C&D accounts for approximately 1/3 of total annual
landfill waste generated in the United States, nearly 140
million tons

Building renovation and demolition accounts for
91% of the C&D generated each year, while new
construction accounts for only 9%

Concrete represents 40-50% of C&D of which a

significant portion is membrane related

What are the Alternatives to Help

Your Clients ?

To Attack the Problem at the Root

Value Proposition Redefined:

Introducing Integral Waterproofing
Integral waterproofing solutions have
a 40+ year history

Water/Salt

Integral
Waterproof
Solution

Admixtures that simplify design and

offer real-time high performance
waterproofing solutions
Capillary transport is shut down
Concrete becomes hydrophobic
Less than 1% water absorption
Steel Reinforcement

Environmental Benefits
Elimination of membranes
enables significant
amounts of landfill
savings
Green approach working
toward LEED points
Recyclability of concrete
and sustainable design
Reduced carbon footprint

Project Advantages
Superior Protection, Increased ROI

Accelerated construction
Design simplification
Real-time waterproofing
Increased structural life
Attractive life cycle value
Early completion (faster revenue generation)
Risk reduction
Safer Sites and Expanded Lay Down Areas

Integral Waterproofing Tools

Two Classes of Integral Products
1. Permeability Reducer

Fly ash, slag, silica fume

Treated silicates crystal growth products

2. Hydrophobic Admixtures

Liquid-based ammonia emulsion admixture

Water-based environmentally friendly admixture

Permeability Reducers
1. Flyash, Slag, Silica Fume
Renewable building materials

2. Treated Silicates Crystal Growth

Hydrophobic Admixtures
1. Ammonia Emulsion

2. Water-Based

Hydrophobic Technology Migration

Australia: 1960s
Hong Kong, Philippines, UK: 1980s
U.S. : 1999

Hydrophobic Concrete
Systems approach combing
four components
1.
2.
3.
4.

Technology
Service
Operations
Warranty

Technology

Test Results
Chloride
Diffusion
Comparison
between
Chloride
Diffusion
Comparison
CN/SF/FA
Combo.
between
CN/SF/FA
Combo and
and
Hycrete
Concrete
Hydrophobic Concrete

Diffusion Coefficients
3.00E-12

2.50E-12

2.00E-12

1.50E-12

1.00E-12

5.00E-13

Hydrophobic
Hycrete

Chloride Concentration (lbs/CY)

50
SF + FA + CN

Surface to 0.5 inches

0.5 to 1inch

40

1 to 1.5 inches
1.5 to 2 inches

30
20
10
0

0.00E+00

Control

CN/SF/FA

CN = Calcium Nitrite, SF = Silica Fume, FA = Fly Ash

Hydrophobic
HYCRETE

Test Results
Evapo-transpiration Relative Permeability Testing

Independent Shotcrete Absorption Testing

Hycrete
Control Control Hydrophobic
Waterproof
Performance
Specification
Line

2.00%

1.00%

Hydrophobic
Acceptability
Range
0.00%
Control

Crystal
Growth

Hydrophobic
Ammonnia
Emulsion 6
Gallons

Hydrophobic
Water-Based
1 Gallon

140
120
M L / M IN x 1 0 0 , 0 0 0

% Absorption BSI - 1881

3.00%

100
80
60
40
20
0
7

28

56
Sample Age

90

Corrosion Testing Results

Testing

Tcorr of Bars in 3-in Lollipops

Stopped
At 96 weeks

Time to Corrosion (Weeks)

3-in Lollipops
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Control

Calcium Nitrite

Proprietary
Alternative

Hydrophobic

Corrosion Rates of Bars in 3-in Lollipops

3-in Lollipops

Corrosion Rate (umho/cm 2)

1000

100

10

0.1

0.01
Control

Calcium Nitrite

Proprietary
Alternative

Hydrophobic

Corrosion Rate of Bars in Pre-cracked Concrete

Pre-Cracked Lollipops (After 35 Weeks)

Corrosion Rate (umho/cm 2)

250

200

150

100

50

0
Control

Calcium Nitrite

Proprietary
Alternative

Hydrophobic

Shrinkage Testing Results

ASTM C157 Drying Shrinkage
300

Shrinkage ( meter )

250
200
150
100
50
0
Control

Hydrophobic

Nelson Testing
Labs, Chicago, IL
40/60 Structural Mix

.40 W/C 565 lbs.

Cementitious
24% Type F Fly ash
Water Reducer

Service

Due Diligence
Full Plan Review
Detailing Review
Pre-Construction
Coordination Meeting
Pre-Pour Site Inspection
Placement Inspection
Post Placement Inspection
Pre-Delivery Preparation

Plan Review
Is the proposed application
appropriate for the use of
hydrophobic concrete?
Does the design meet
specifications?
Are modifications to
structure or design
needed?
Does the project qualify
for warranty?

Detail Selection
What details are appropriate for the
proposed construction methods?

Pre-Construction
Coordination Meeting
Educate the team on the use of waterproof
concrete construction methods.
Coordinate inspection and placement
protocol.
Answer any questions prior to placement.

Pre-Pour Inspection

Placement Inspection

Operations

Computer Controlled Quality

Ready Mixed and Ready to Go

Applications for Waterproof Concrete

Foundations, basements,
tunnels, retaining walls

Elevated decks
Traffic decks / plaza
areas
Roofs, bridge
structures

Corrosive environments
Transportation,
parking structures
Marine

Questions?