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TMT4145 Ceramics

Engineering
Professor Mari-Ann Einarsrud
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
Chemistry Building II

TMT4145 Ceramics Engineering

August 17, 2009

Aim of course

What is a ceramic material?


What kind of properties?
What kind of applications?
How do we make ceramic
materials?
How do we design with
ceramics?
Build up own database of
properties.
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TMT4145 Ceramics Engineering

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What is a ceramic material?


Traditional ceramics
Clay based products

Structural ceramics
Used for their mechanical properties

Functional ceramics
Used for other properties than mechanical strength, i.e.
electrical, optical, magnetic properties

TMT4145 Ceramics Engineering

August 17, 2009

What is a ceramic material?


Glass
Porselen (China)
Glass ceramics
Polycrystalline inorganic
materials

TMT4145 Ceramics Engineering

August 17, 2009

Types of ceramic materials

Glass
Amorphous, non-crystalline

Porselen (China)
Large crystals in glass matrix
Heterogeneous microstructure

Glass ceramics
Small crystalline precipiates in glass
matrix

TMT4145 Ceramics Engineering

August 17, 2009

Types of ceramic materials


Polycrystalline ceramics, ex.
Alumina
Barum titanate
Silicon carbide

What will determine the


properties:
Chemical composition
Microstructure/Nanostructure
Defect structure

TMT4145 Ceramics Engineering

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Polycrystalline ceramics
Structural
Functional

TMT4145 Ceramics Engineering

August 17, 2009

Properties and applications Structural ceramics

High hardness
High strength
Brittle
Chemically stable
Refractory

Cutting tools
Abrasives
Part subjected to abrasion
Temperature durable
ceramics

Alumina Al2O3
Zirconia ZrO2
Silicon carbide SiC
Silicon nitride Si3N4
SiAlON
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Properties and applications Structural ceramics, SiC

High strength
Ideally: Theoretical strength
Really: Fracture strength much lower
due to defects/microstructure

?
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TMT4145 Ceramics Engineering

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Applications of structural ceramics

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Cutting tools
Abrasives
Part subjected to abrasion
Temperature durable ceramics
Materials for metallurgical
industry

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Applications of structural ceramics, ex.


Car parts

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TMT4145 Ceramics Engineering

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How to make the ceramics less brittle?

Introduce mechanisms absorbing energy


during crack propagation
Grain pullout
Grain bridging
Domene reorientering

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TMT4145 Ceramics Engineering

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Properties and applications


Functional ceramics

Properties

Applications of functional materials materials often invisible


for us

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Optical
Electronic and ion conducting
Catalytic
Magnetic

Information and communication technology


Energy technology
Process technology - catalysis
Environmental technology
Medical technology
Sensor technology

TMT4145 Ceramics Engineering

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Optical properties

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TMT4145 Ceramics Engineering

August 17, 2009

Electrical properties
Electrical insulators (Al2O3)
Ferroelectrica (BaTiO3)
Piezoelectrica (PZT)
Semiconductors (GaN)
Electrical conductors (TiO, SnO2)
Ionic conductors (YSZ)
Mixed conductors (LaCoO3)
Superconductors (YBCO)

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TMT4145 Ceramics Engineering

August 17, 2009

Ex.: Use of ionic conductor

Solid oxide fuel cell


Oxygen ion or proton conducting
ceramics

Conversion of natural gas or


hydrogen to electrical power
Low emission of CO2
No emission of NOx

La(Sr)MnO3

H+
LaNbO4

TMT4145 Ceramics Engineering

Ni-LaNbO4

H2

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e-

e-

H2O
O2

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Ceramics for catalysis

Car catalyst
Cordierite, alumina, zirconia

Diesel truck filter


SiC

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TMT4145 Ceramics Engineering

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Effect of micro/nanostructure important


How to control
micro/nanostructure?
Determined by the
preparation of the
ceramics

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TMT4145 Ceramics Engineering

August 17, 2009

How do we make ceramic materials?


Powder
Consolidation

Green body
Heat treatment

Polycrystalline ceramics

1 m
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TMT4145 Ceramics Engineering

August 17, 2009

Properties Chapter 7,8,9


Physical
Thermal
Mechanical

Processing Chapter 12,13,14+Comp.


Powder processing
Shaping
Densification

Ceramics

Design Chapter 17,18,19,20


Design
Failure analysis
Toughening

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TMT4145 Ceramics Engineering

Glass/Glass-ceramics Comp.

August 17, 2009

TMT4145 Ceramic Engineering


Teacher:

Professor Mari-Ann Einarsrud


Room 116 KII, Phone 73594002
e-mail: Mari-Ann.Einarsrud@material.ntnu.no
Student assistant:
Student Mette Grorud
e-mail: mettegr@stud.ntnu.no
Time:
Tuesday 1215-1400/R4 (EU-109 Realfagbygg)
Thursday 1215-1400/R4
Friday 1315-1400/R5 (NEW TIME???)
Examination: December 18, 2009
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Curriculum
-

D. W. Richerson: "Modern Ceramic Engineering", Taylor and


Francis, Third ed, 2006.
Compendium containing:
- J. Zarzycki: "Glasses and the Vitreous State", Cambridge
University Press, 1991.
- I.C. McColm og N.J. Clark: "High-Performance Ceramics",
Blackie and Son, 1988.
- H.M. Jang, "Colloid Interface Science for Ceramic Powder
Processing", in Chemical Processing of Ceramics, B.I. Lee and
E.J.A. Pope, eds., Marcel Dekker, New York, 1994.

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Course information
13 exercises will be given throughout the semester. At least 7
have to be handed in and approved by the stud. ass.
Mandatory project work which covers most of the curriculum.
Group work.
Portfolio assessment: Final written exam (75%) and project
work (25%).
Information and exercises will be given on Its learning.
Excursion in October/November.
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CURRICULUM
1. CERAMICS PROCESSING/MATERIALS PROPERTIES
a) D. W. Richerson: "Modern Ceramic Engineering Properties, Processing and Use in Design ",
Taylor&Francis, 2006:
Part I
Chap. 7:
"Physical and Thermal Behavior", p. 183-209
Chap. 8:
"Mechanical Behavior and Measurement", p. 211-242.
Chap. 9.
" Time, Temperature, and Environmental Effects on Properties", p. 243-283.
Part II
Chap. 12:
"Powder Processing", p. 371-402.
Chap. 13:
"Shape-Forming Processes", p. 403-476.
Chap.14:
"Densification", p. 477-527.
Part III
Chap. 17:
"Design Considerations", p. 573-579.
Chap. 18:
"Design Approaches", p. 581-594.
Chap. 19:
"Failure Analysis", p. 595-623.
Chap. 20:
"Toughening of Ceramics", p. 625-682.

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b)

I.C. McColm and N.J. Clark: "High-Performance Ceramics", Blackie and Son, 1988:
Chap. 1:
"Introduction and Identification of Study Areas: Interface and Defect
Science", p. 30 - p. 36 and p. 50 - p. 51.
Chap. 4:
"Processing stage 3 - Transformation to final shape", p. 208 - p. 246.

c)

H.M. Jang, "Colloid Interface Science for Ceramic Powder Processing", in Chemical Processing of
Ceramics, B.I. Lee and E.J.A. Pope, eds., Marcel Dekker, New York, 1994. 24 pages.

TMT4145 Ceramics Engineering

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CURRICULUM

2. GLASS AND GLASS CERAMICS


J. Zarzycki: "Glasses and the vitreous state",
Cambridge University Press, 1991:
Chap. 3:
"Condition for vitrification - Kinetic
theories", p. 48-64.
Chap. 6:
"Phase separation in glasses", p. 148160.
Chap. 16:
"Glass ceramics", p. 422-431
Chap. 17:
"Elements of glass technology", p. 432436.

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WEEK
DAY
TOPIC
TEACHER
____________________________________________________________________

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Tuesday
Chapter 7 Richerson
Einarsrud
Thursday
Chapter 7 Richerson
Einarsrud
Friday
Chapter 8 Richerson
Einarsrud
_____________________________________________________________________
Tuesday

Chapter 8 Richerson

Einarsrud

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Thursday
Exercise 1
Grorud
Friday
Exercise 2
Grorud
_____________________________________________________________________

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Tuesday
Thursday

Chapter 8 Richerson
Chapter 9 Richerson

Einarsrud
Einarsrud

Friday
Exercise 3
Grorud
_____________________________________________________________________
Tuesday
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Einarsrud

Thursday
Chapter 12 Richerson
Einarsrud
Friday
Chapter 12 Richerson
Einarsrud
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Tuesday

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Chapter 9 Richerson

Exercise 4

Grorud

Thursday
Chapter 12 Richerson
Einarsrud
Friday
Project work 1
Einarsrud/Grorud
_____________________________________________________________________

TMT4145 Ceramics Engineering

August 17, 2009

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