MANUAL BOT WITH RELAY CIRCUIT

THINGS REQUIRED
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Manual Toy Car (previously done)

12 volt relays(4)
Dot Matrix Board
1 amp diodes(IN4*** series)
Wire connectors

RELAY
1. Relay is used widely in electrical and electronic circuits due to its excellent ability of switching.
2. It is used because it can apply brakes to the vehicle immediately .
3. It helps the vehicle not to skid after applying brakes.
RELAY PRINCIPLE
There are five terminals in a relay.
If we face the terminal side of a relay ,the top most terminal is called the Common terminal from which
we connect the output (to motors).
Then the top left and top right terminals are the supply terminals and the bottom ones are the terminals
named as NC and NO.
*In the picture it is shown that the NO is in the left and the NC is in the right but in actual practice
usually it is opposite .However, in the circuit diagram it is shown correctly.
NC Normally Closed(the common and the NC terminals are already connected inside the relay)
NO-Normally Open
When we apply any amount of potential difference in between the supply terminals , the NC connection
brakes and the common terminal is switched to the NO terminal .In this way the switching is done in
case of relays .
Principle of relay operation is mostly electro magnetic induction.
Two relays are required to drive two motors(either left or right)
The direction is determined by the DPDT which was previously discussed.(clockwise or anticlockwise)

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM FOR ONE PAIR OF MOTORS

POWER SUPPLY
Power supply is connected to the DPDT mid terminals(violet lines) and also the NC and NO terminals.
The NC terminals of the relays are connected to the negative (sky blue lines) and the NO terminals are
connected to the positive (black lines) terminal of the eliminator.
The common terminals are connected to the motors as shown in the diagram.
PRINCIPLE
In either upper throw or lower throw of the DPDT one of the diodes will conduct whereas the other will
not.

The diode which now conducts will provide a potential difference (green wires ,upper left terminal)(
same as the eliminator) (because the other side of the upper right terminals are connected to the DPDT
ground terminal)to either of the relays( relay1 or relay2).
And as we know if there is even a small amount of potential difference between the upper terminals of
the relays , the connection brakes from NC and the common is connected to the NO.
Let say relay 1 has the potential difference of 12 volts from the DPDT.
Then the common terminal is now switched to the NO terminal of the relay1 and as we know that the
relay2 is not switched so it is already connected to the ground of eliminator.
Now the NO of relay1 is at 12 volts and the NC of the relay 2 is at 0 volts.
So the circuit completes here and the motors will rotate having a potential difference as that of the
eliminator.(completed circuit(ELIMINATOR+VE -> NO OF RELAY1 -> COMMON OF RELAY1 ->
MOTORS -> COMMON OF RELAY 2 -> NC OF RELAY2 -> ELIMINATOR -VE))
For the reverse direction
.(completed circuit(ELIMINATOR +VE -> NO OF RELAY2 -> COMMON OF RELAY2 -> MOTORS ->
COMMON OF RELAY 1 -> NC OF RELAY1 -> ELIMINATOR -VE))
CONSTRUCTION
You have to make the relay circuit on a dot matrix board and to connect the terminals soldering is
required . To connect the wires from the eliminator or to motors from the circuit board ,you have to use
wire connectors .

DOT MATRIX BOARD

Zairza Technical Society,CETb