EXERCISE 2(B)

Q.1

dy
yn2 = 2sinx. (cos x 1) n2
dx

Sol.

n2dx e
I.F. e
x

e n2

2x

n 2 dx

e n 2.x

2 x

dy
y.2xn2 = 2x. 2sinx (cosx 1)n2
dx

d
(y.2x) = 2sinx x (cosx 1) n2
dx

d(y.2x) = 2sinxx(cosx 1) n2 dx
sin x x

d(y.2 x ) = n2 2

y. 2x = n2

.(cos x 1) dx

2sin x x
+c
n2

y = 2sinx + c2x
lim
y = finite (it's possible only when c = 0)
x
y = 2sinx

Q.2

Sol.

dy

= y + k1
dx

dy
=y+
dx

y dx

...(i)

let
k

ydx
1

dy
dx
y k1
n(y + k1) = x + c
y + k1 = k2ex
...(ii)
(0, 1) 1 + k1 = k2 ....(iii)
putting the value of y (from equation (ii) in equation (i))

1
dy
x
x
= (k2e k1) + (k 2e k1 )dx
dx
0

dy
= (k2 ex k1) + [k 2e x k1x]10
dx

dy
= k2ex k1 + k2e k1 k2
dx

dy = (k2ex + k2e 2k1 k2)dx

y

dy (k 2e x k 2e 2k1 k 2 ) dx
1

y 1 = [k 2e x (k 2e 2k1 k 2 )x]0x
y 1 = k2ex + (k2 e 2k1 k2)x k2 ...(ii)
since equation (i) & (iv) are similar
k2e 2k1 k2 = 0 & 1 k2 = k1
k2e k2 = 2k1 ...(v)
solving equation (iii) & (v) we get,
k2 =

2
e 1
, k1 =
3 e
3 e

from equation (ii),

y + k1 = k2ex
y=

2 x e 1
e
3 e
3 e

1
(2ex e + 1)
3 e
Sol.
Equation of tangent at point p(x1, y1)
dy
y y1 =
(x x1)
dx
dy
y = y1 +
(x x1)
dx
dy

Q 0, y1 x1

dx
A/c to question.
PQ = 2 PQ2 = 4

y=
Q.3

dy

x12 + y1 y1 x1 = 4

dx
2

4 x12
dy

dx
x12

dy
dx

=
(x1 ,y1 )

4 x12
x12

dy
4 x2

dx ( x,y)
x2

dy

4 x2
dx
x2

4 x2
dx
x2

let I =

x = 2sin y
dx = 2cosd

4 4sin 2
2 cosd
(2sin ) 2

2cos
=
2cosd
2sin

= 2

x
P(

,y

(2, 0)

1 sin 2
cos 2
d
d = 2
sin
sin

= 2 (cos ec sin ) d
= 2 cosec d 2 sin d
= 2n (cosec cot) + 2cos + c

2
4 x2
4 x2
= 2n
c
+2
x
2
x
y

dy
0

4 x2
dx
x2
x

2 4 x2
y = 4 x 2 2n

2 4 x2
y = 4 x 2 2 n

Q.4

Sol.

x dy + y dx +

xdy ydx
0
x 2 y2

xdy ydx
x2
d(xy) +
=0
2
x y2
x2

 y
d
x
d(xy) +
=0
y
1 2
x

d(xy) +

y
d
x
y
1
x

y
xy + tan1 = c
x

Q.5

ydx xdy
dx

(x y)
2 1 x2

Sol.

ydx xdy
dx
y2

=
2
2 1 x2
(x y)
y2

x
d
y
x
y 1

x
d
y
x
y 1

dx
2 1 x2

dx
2 1 x2

1
sin 1 x

k1
x
2
1
y

y
sin 1 x

= k1 ...(i)
xy
2

(1, 2)

2
sin 1 1

k1
1 2
2

k1 =

2
4

putting value of k1 in equation (1)

y
1

sin 1 x = 2
xy 2
4

Q.6

dy
+ P(x)y = Q(x) ...(i)
dx

Sol.

(i) y = u(x) & y = v(x) is a solution of above equation

d u(x)
+ p(x) u(x) = Q(x)
dx
d(u(x))
+ p(x) v(x) = Q(x)
dx

...(ii)

...(iii)

from equation (i) (ii)

d
(y u(x)) + (y u(x)) p(x) = 0
dx

...(iv)

from equation [(ii) (iii)]

d
(u(x) v(x)) + (u(x) v(x)) p(x) = 0
dx

from equation (iv) & (v)

d
(y u(x))
y u(x)
dx
=
u(x) v(x)
d
(u(x) v(x))
dx

d(u(x) v(x))
d(y u(x))
=
u(x) v(x)
y u(x)

n(y u(x)) =n(u(x) v(x))

5

 y = u(x) + k(u(x) v(x)); k R

(ii) y = u(x) + v(x) is a solution of above equation
u(x) + v(x) = u(x) + k(u(x) v(x))
comparing coeff. of u(x) & v(x)
=1+k, =k
+=1
(iii) Again y = w(x) is also a solution of above equation
w(x) = u(x) + k(u(x) v(x))
w(x) u(x) = k[u(x) v(x)]

Q.7

u(x) v(x) 1

w(x) u(x) k

v(x) u(x)
1
which is a constant no.
w(x) u(x)
k

Sol.
y y1 =

Equation of normat on given at point P(x1, y1) is

1
(x x1)
dy
dx

dy

Q .y1 x1 ,0
dx

middle point of segment PQ, R lies on curve 2y2 = x

dy

x
y x
1 dx 1 1 y1
,
R
2
2

y
2 1 =
2
2
y1 2x1

dy
y
dx 1
2

2x1

dy
y1
dx

dy
dx

(x1 ,y1 )

y1 = y12 2x1

dy
y = y2 2x
dx (x ,y)

dy
y = y2 2x
dx

dy dt

dx x
dy
1 dt

y
dx
2 dx

Let. y 2 t 2y

1 dt
= t 2x
2 dx

dt
2t + 4x = 0
dx

y
P(x1, y1)
R

I F e

e2x

2dx

e2x

dt
2x t + 4xe2x = 0
dx 2e

d 2x
(e .t) + 4xe2x = 0
dx

d(e2x . t) + 4xe2x dx = 0

dx

I xe2 x dx x e2 x e2x x x
x

xe2 x 1 2x
e x
2
2
1
1
xe2 x e 2x
2
4

d(e 2 x t) + 4xe 2 x dx = 0
xe 2 x e2x

k
e2xt + 4
4
2

t = 2x + 1 + ke2x
y2 = 2x + 1 + ke2x
above curve passes through point (0, 0)
0=0+1+k
k = 1
hence equation of curve is
y2 = 2x + 1 e2x
x

Q.8

t f (x t)dt = f (t)dt + sin x + cosx x 1 apply Leibnitz's rule,

Sol.

tf '(x t)dt + xf(x x) = f(x) + cosx sinx 1

0

t f '(x t)dt xf (0) = f(x) + cosx sinx 1

0

dt

t f '(x t)dt t f '(x t)dt dt f '(x t) t f (x t) f (x t)dt

[t f (x t)]0x f (x t) dt x f(0)
0

= f(x) + cosx sin x 1

x

xf(0) f (x t) dt + xf(0) = f(x) + cosx sinx 1

0

2xf(0) f (x t) dt = f(x) + cosx sinx 1

0

Again apply Leibnity rule.

2f(0) f(0) = f '(x) sinx cosx

dy
= sinx + cosx + f(0)
dx

Q.9

(1 x2)dy + ( x 1 x 2 x 1 x 2 )dx 0

Sol.

x 1 x2
dy
y

=
(1 x 2 )2
dx (1 x 2 ) 1 x 2
dx

I.F. = e
I =

(1 x 2 )

1 x 2

dx

Let x = sin

(1 x ) 1 x 2

dx = cos d
=

cos d
cos 2 .cos

= sec 2 d = tan
=

x
1 x2

x
1 x 2

I.F. = e

x
x

1 x 2

dx

dy
e
y= e

dx (1 x 2 )3 / 2

let t =

ye

d y e

I =e

1 x 2

1 x 2

1 x 2

x
1 x 2

= e

=e

x
1 x 2

x
1 x 2

1 x 2

x 1 x2

2 2
(1 x )

x 1 x2

2 2
(1 x )

x 1 x2

dx
2
(1 x )

x 1 x2
dx

2 2
(1 x )
x

1 x2

 1
2x.x
dt =

dx
1 x 2 2(1 x 2 )3/ 2
1

x2

dx
dt =
2 3/ 2
2
(1 x )
1 x
dt =

1 x2 x2
dx
(1 x 2 )3/ 2

dt =

dx
(1 x 2 )3/ 2
x

I = e

1 x 2

x 1 x2
dx

(1 x 2 )3/ 2
2
1 x

1 x 2

= e

dx
1
(1 x 2 )3/ 2
1 x
x

= e t (t 1)dt
= tet

1 x2

.e

1 x 2

Differential equation is,

d(y e

1 x 2

1 x 2

) =e

y. e
y =

Q.10

1 x 2

x
1 x

1 x2

x 1 x2
dx

2 2
(1 x )

+ ke

1 x 2

x
1 x 2

;kR

3x2y2 + cos(xy) xy sin(xy) +

Sol.

dy
{2x3y x2 sin (xy)}= 0
dx

Let
xy t y

t
x

dy 1 dt
t

2
dx x dx x

10

3x2y2 + cos(xy) xy sin(xy) + x2

dy
(2xy sin(xy)) = 0
dx

t
1 dt

3t2 + cost t sint + x2

(2t sint) = 0
x dx x 2
dt
t (2t sint) = 0
3t2 + cost tsint + x
dx

t 2 cos t 2t 2 t sin t
dt
0
t+
2t sin t
dx

dt
t 2 cos t
t
t0
dx
2t sin t

dt t 2 cos t

0
dx 2t sin t

(2t sin t)
dx
dt
0
2
t cos t
x
n(t2 + cost) + nx = k1
x(t2 + cost) = k
x(x2y2 + cos(xy)) = k; k R

Q.11

Sol.
Equation of tangent at point P.

y y1 =

dy
(x x1)
dx (x1 ,y1 )

Equatio of tangent at Q.
dy
y y2 = dx

(x1 ,y1 )

y y1 = f '(x1) (x x1)

y y2 = f '(x1) (x x1)

y1
,0
R x1
f '(x1 )

y
S x1 2 , 0
f (x1 )

(x x1)

A/c to questin,
RS
x1

y1
y2
= x1
f '(x1 )
f (x1 )

f '(x1 ) y1
f (x ) y
1
2

11

f '(x1 )
f (x )
x1 1

f (x1 )
f (t)dt

y1 f (x1 )

x1
y f (t)dt
2

x1

f 2 (x1 )
f '(x1 )

f (t)dt =

On Generative, we set

f 2 (x)
f 1 (x)

t(t)dt =

Differentiating both sides w.r. to x

f(x) = 2f(x)

f "(x)
f '(x) 2
f (x)
(f '(x)) 2
f '(x)
y

f (t)dt

P(x1, y1)

Q(x1, y2)

dy
=f '(x1 )
dx

(0, 1)

1 = 2 f(x)

f(x)

(0, 1/2)
x

dy
=f (x 1 )
dx ( x1 ,y2 )
S

f "(x)
(f '(x)) 2

f "(x)
f "(x)
f '(x)
dx =
1
dx
2
f '(x)
(f "(x))
f '(x)

n f '(x) = n f(x) + k1
f '(x) = k2f(x)

f '(x)
f '(x)
dx = k 2dx
= k2
f (x)
f (x)

nf(x) = k2x + k3
x

f(x) = k4. e k 2 x
x

2nd curve y = f (t)dt = k 4ek 2 x dx =

k 4 k 2x x
[e ]
k2

12

y =

k 4 k2x
e
k2

1st curve

2nd curve,

y k 4ek 2 x

y=

of passes through (0, 1)

1
at passes through 0,
2

1 = k4e0

1 1 0
e k 2
2
2 k2

k 4 k 2x
e
k2

Hence equation of 1st curve is y e2x

Q.12

Sol.

x(1 xny)

dy
(x x2 n y) + y = 0
dx

x x2 ny +

dy
+y=0
dx

dx
y=0
dy

dx
y + x = x2 ny
dy

Let
xy t y

dx
dt
x
dy
dy

dt t 2
n y dt ny dy

t 2 y2
dy y 2
I =

ng
dy ,
y2

u = ny

dx =

dy
y
13

u
du
eu

= ue u du = ueu + e u du = ueu eu
= eny (ny + 1) = y(ny +1)

1
1
= y (ny + 1) + k1
= y (ny + 1) + k1
xy
t

Above curve passes through (1, 1/e)

e = 1/e (n, 1/e + 1) + k1 k1 e
xy [y(ny + 1) + e] = 1
Q.13

Sol.
y y1 =

Equation of tangent at point P(x1, y1) on curve,

dy
dx

(x x1)
(x1 ,y1 )

Above curve also passes through point R

dy
y1
y1 =
dx
2
on generalise

(0 x1)
(x1 ,y1 )

y1 dy

x1
2 dx (x1 ,y1 )

y dy

x
2 dx

dx
dy
nx = 2ny + k1
2
x
y
nx = ny2 + k1

R is the mid point of segment PQ

y2 = kx , k R
Q.14

Sol.
y y1 =

Equation of tangent at point P(x1 , y1)

dy
(x x1)
dx (x1 ,y1 )

y y1 = f '(x1) (x x1)
AQ = a

| f '(x1 )(x1 x1 ) 0 y1 |
(f '(x1 ))2 1

14

 dy 2
2
2
y1 = a (f '(x1 )) 2 1 y1 a 1
dx

On generative
2

y 2 dy
1
a 2 dx
y

dy
=
dx

y = f(x)

y2 a 2
a2
P(x1, y1)

ady
y2 a 2

dx

R(0, y1/2)
Q
(x1, 0)

a n (y + y 2 a 2 ) = x
y +

x/a
y2 a 2 = e

y ex/a = y 2 a 2
y2 2ex/a y + e2x/a = y2 a2
2ex/a y = e2x/a + a2

e x / a a 2e x / a
y=
2
considering targent at point R1
y = a ( since distance from origin is a)
y

Q.15
Sol.

y = f(x)

Equation of tangent at point P

y y1 =

dy
(x x1)
dx (x1 ,y1 )

dy
Q 0, y1 x1
dx (x1 ,y1 )

SR = length of sub normal

P(x1 , y1)

R
Q
(a)

A(x1, 0)

sub tangent =

y1
f '(x1 )

15

= y1

dy
dx

(x1 ,y1 )

A/c to questions,
2

dy

y1 x1
x1y1
dx
=
2
dy
y1
dy
y1
f
'
.
dx
dx
f '(x1 )
On generalise
(y x f '(x)) 2
x.f '(x)

y f '(x)
(f '(x1 ))2
(y x f '(x))2 = xy
y x f '(x) =

xy

dy
y = xy
dx

xdy ydx
= xy
dx

xdy ydx
=
y2

dx
xy y 2

x
x dx
d .
=
y
y y

x
d
y
x
y

3/ 2

dx
x

x x dx
.
y y x

P(x 1, y1)
Q
R(0, y1 /2)
S

x
y

13/ 2

3
2

= nx

16

y

x

1/ 2

1
n x
2

y
nx = 2
x

1/ 2

1/ 2

2 y/ x
xe

Q.16

Sol.

A/c to question,

dA
A
dt

dA
= k1A
dt
A

dA
A A 0 k1dt
0

dB
B
dt

A
= k1t
A0

A
= e k1t
A0

A = A0 e k1t ; k1 R
Similarly
B = B0 e k 2t ; k2 R
At t = 0 A = 2B A 0 2B0
At t = 1 hr

A = 3/2 B

A0 e k1 = 3/2 B0 e k2
e

k 2 k1

e k 2 k1 =

3 B0
2 A0
3
k2 k1 = n 3/4
4

Let at t = t1, both reserroirs A & B has equal quantity of water.

A1 = A0 e k1t1
17

B1 = B0 e k 2t1
A1 = B1
A0 e k1t1 = B0 e k 2t 2
e (k 2 k1 ) t1 = B0/A0
(k2 k1) t1 = n (B0/A0)
1
2 n2
t1 =
3
4
n
n
4
3
n

t1 = log 24 / 3
Q.17

Sol.

At time

t=0

t=t

5gm salt 21t

.
1 it
1min

5gm salt 21t

.
1 it
1min

Vol. = 50 1t

Vol. = (50 + t)It

1 it
1min
Since amount salt at time t = t = m

1 it
1min

Initial volume of tenk = 50 lit.

volume of tenk at time t = (50 + 2t t)It
= (50 + t) It
Rate of charge of salt
= rate of salt coming inside the tenk rate of salt coming outside the tank

dm 5gm 2lt
mgm
1 lt

.
dt
1lg 1min (50 t)1t 1min

dm
m
= 10
dt
50 t

dm
m

10
dt 50 t

18

dt

I.F. e 50 t e n|50 t|
(50 t)

(50 + t)

dm
+ m = 10(50 + t)
dt

d
((50 t)m) = 10(50 + t) dt
dt

d((50 t)m) = 10(50 t)dt

t2
(50 + t)m = 10 50t c
2

At t = 0, m = 0
c = 0
(50 +t)m = 5(100t + t2)
m=

5t(100 t)
50 t

50 50 t
= 5t
50 t

50

m = 5t 1
gms
50 t

At, t = 10 min.
50
m = 5 10 1
50 10
5
6 5
= 50 1 = 50
6
6

= 50

11
6

2
= 91 gm
3

19

Q.18Sol.

Equation of tangent at point P (x1, y1)

dy
y y1 = dx

(x1 ,y1 )

(x x1)

dy
Q = 0, y1 x1
dx (x1 ,y1 )

A/c to question,
y1 x1

dy
3
dx (x1 ,y1 ) x1

y1 x1

dy
dx

= k1x13

(k1 R)

(x1 ,y1 )

on Genalise,
y x

dy
= k1x3
dx

I.F. = e

dx
x

dy y
+ k1x2 = 0
dx x

n1/ x

= enx = e

1
x

1 dy y

+ k1x = 0
x dx x 2

d y
+ k1x = 0
dx x

y
d + k1x dx = 0
x

y
d k1xdx 0
x

y
x2
k1
k2
x
2

(k2 R)

2y + k1x3 = 2k2x
20

 2y + k1x3 = k3x
Q.19

(i) y = ax2

Sol.

(k3 R)
...(i)

dy
= 2ax
dx

ax =

1 dy
2 dx

putting value of an in equation (i)

y = x.

1 dy
2 dx

dy 2y

dx
x

for orthogonal trajectory replace

dx
dy
by
dy
dx
y

dx dy

dy x

2ydy + xdx = 0
Q

2ydy + xdx 0
P(x1, y1)
2

y2 +

x
= k1
2

2y2 + x2 = k,

kR

(iii) xk + yk = ak
kxk1 + kyk1

dy
=0
dx

for orthogonal trajectory equation

xk1 yk1

dx
0
dy

(iv) since angle between both curve is 45 (slope of 1st curve = m & slope of 2nd curve = m2)

m m2
m m2
m 1 1 m
tan 45 = 1 mm 1 mm = 1 m2 =
,
m 1 1 m
2
2
given equation is

21

x2 y2 = a2 2x 2y

Q.20

Sol.

dy
dy
0
=0xy
dx
dx

Let, we have an integral homogeneous curve f(x, y1 c) = 0. When we get

charge the valyue of arbitary constant only, then we have different curves but all curves are symmetrical in nature (i.e. all curves are parallel to each other)

,c)=0
f(x 1, y 1 1
,c)=0
f(x 1, y 1 1

21.

x yf ' x0 x0 y0 f ' x0
A x0 y0 f ' x0 , 0

x0
B 0, y0

f ' x0

1
1

1
OA OB

f ' x0
1

1
x0 y0 f ' x0 x0 y0 f ' x0

1 f ' x0 x0 y0 f ' x0

1 f ' x0 x0 y0 f ' x0
or 1 f ' x0 x0 y0 f ' x0
Integrating, we get,

x2 y 2 2x 2 y c
( c Real constant ( y f x ))

5, 4 lies on

y f x

Hence, possible curves are,

22

x 1 y 1
x 1 y 1
x 1 y 1

x 1 y 1
22.

Sol 6

25

or

41

or

61

or

45 .

Let the amount of salf in the vessel be c kg at time t,

balt enters at rate 1 kg / min and leaves at the rate

i.e.

c
kg / min.
100

dc
c
1

dt 100

dc 100 c

dt 100

dc
dt

100 c 100
Integrating from c 0 to c 50 ,

In 2

t
100

t 100 In 2 min .

23.
Sol
x, y

f x .dx 3 x f x

x 0

Differentiating, w.r.t. x,
1
f x f x xf ' x
3

2 f x xf ' x
2

dx dy

x
y

Integrating, 2 Inx In y c
x 2 ky

( k constant).

23

24.

Sol

mvdv GMm

dx
x2

dx
x2
As x , Vshould approach 0,
vdv GM

Intergrating from initial velocity v0 x R to

final velocity

v (same x )

1 1
v02 v2
GM
2
R x
as x , v 0
2
Hence, vesc

2GM
R

vesc
25.

2GM
R

vesc 0 .

Sol Velocity of swimmer at any y is,

V y y a y i V0 j
y V0t

(t is time)

dx
V0t a V0t
dt

dx V0 at V0t 2 dt

a
Intefrating from t 0 x 0 to t V
0

xfinal

a a 2 V a3
xfinal V0 2 0 3
2 V

0 3 V0

a3 1 1
V0 2
V0 2 3
a3

6V0
a3
,a
Hence, the final co-ordinats are,
6V0

24