Sinaarsi

1. saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebi.

es naSromi mitropolitma anania jafariZem dawera
gamosca gamomcemlobam meranma sami wignis saxiT.
esenia:

2003-2004

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos
manglis-walkis eparqia
saqarTvelos teqnikuri
universitetis Teologiis
kaTedra

mitropoliti anania jafariZe

saqarTvelos
saeklesio
krebebi
I

mitropoliti anania jafariZe

sakanonmdeblo krebebi
XII-XX saukuneebSi

wlebSi.

naSromSi ganxilulia saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebi, romelnic

uaRresad
mniSvnelovanni
arian
saeklesio
samarTlisa
da
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis Sesaswavlad, krebaTa analizs Tan
erTvis maT mier gamocemuli kanonikuri samarTlis Zeglebi.

recenzentebi:

istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori

giuli alasania
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori

sergo vardosaniZe

1. Sesavali
saqarTvelos wmida eklesia warmoadgens erT-erT nawils sayovelTao
msoflio eklesiisa, amitomac misi samarTlis wyaroebi igivea, rac msoflio
eklesiisa, Tumca cxadia, mas viTarca adgilobriv eklesias sakuTari
wyaroebic aqvs, esenia saqarTvelos saeklesio krebaTa dadgenilebani,
eklesiis meTaurTa, kaTalikos-patriarqTa epistoleebi da dadgenilebani,
saxelmwifo kanonmdeblobani saeklesio saqmeTa Sesaxeb, samoqalaqo xasiaTis
iuridiuli dokumentebi eklesiis Sesaxeb, agreTve eklesiis avtoritetul
mamaTa ganmartebani.
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis mniSvnelovan nawils warmoadgens
qarTuli saeklesio samarTali, romlis mTavari wyaro adgilobrivi
saeklesio krebebi da misi kanonmdeblobaa. marTalia, CvenSi saeklesio
krebebs uZvelesi droidanve iwvevdnen, magram, samwuxarod, aqamde arc
adgilobrivi
saeklesio
kanonebis
krebuli
da
arc
TviT
krebaTa
ganzogadebuli analizi gagvaCnda. am ukanasknelTa Seswavlis mxriv, CvenSi
garkveuli CamorCena igrZnoba. marTalia, XX s-is dasawyisSi niko maris, ivane
javaxiSvilis, korneli kekeliZisa da sxva did mecnierTa RvawliT safuZveli
Caeyara qarTuli samarTlis zogadi istoriis Seswavlas, magram aTeisturi
reJimis dros, XX s-is 20-iani wlebidanve CaiSala saeklesio samarTlis
Seswavlis axalwamowyebuli saqme. wyaroebis naklebobasTan erTad, albaT
amiT unda aixsnas, rom samecniero literaturaSi mxolod ramdenime
saeklesio krebaa ganxiluli, maSin, roca IV saukunidan XX-mde, TiTqmis 1600
wlis manZilze, saqarTveloSi asobiT saeklesio kreba unda yofiliyo
mowveuli, dReisaTvis maTi umravlesoba araTu Seswavlili, gamovlenilic ki
ar aris.
amasTanave unda aRiniSnos, rom Znelia saeklesio krebebis gamovlena zRva
saistorio masalidan, ar arsebobs am krebebis Sesaxeb pirdapiri miTiTeba,

zogierTi gamonaklisis garda. mkvlevari iZulebulia sxvadasxva sigelgujarsa da matianeebSi eZios mxolod iribi miniSneba anda mowmoba
adgilobriv saeklesio krebaTa Sesaxeb, maTi gamovlenis gareSe ki, rogorc
aRiniSna, SeuZlebelia samarTlis istoriisa da, maSasadame, saqarTvelos
eklesiis sruli istoriis dawera. mociqulTa, wmida mamaTa da msoflio
krebaTa kanonebze dafuZnebuli saeklesio samarTali ZvelTaganve moqmed
samarTals warmoadgenda saqarTveloSi1. am codnas efuZneboda wmida eqvTime
mTawmidelisa da arsen iyalToelis mier gamocemuli `mcire~ da `didi~
sjuliskanonebi. CvenSi, rogorc Cans, aseve icnobdnen msoflio krebebis
kanonebis ganmmarteblebis: balsamonis, zonaras, aristinesa da maTeos
blastaris Sromebs, amitomac am ukanasknelis `alfabeturi sintagmisa~ da
armenopulos SromaTa Targmanebi `mefe rjulmdeblis~, vaxtang VI-is RvawliT
gamokrebili saxiT miecaT qarTvelebs. es gvafiqrebinebs, rom Tu ara
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmeba ucxo Zalebis mier, ueWvelad,
saeklesio samarTali saqarTveloSic miaRwevda Sesabamis simaRles. erT
umcires, mokrZalebul nabijad am gzaze albaT SeiZleba miviCnioT qvemdebare
naSromi, romelic daiwera Cveni uflisa da macxovris, ieso qristes
sadideblad.
naSromis mizania vrceli saistorio masalidan saqarTvelos adgilobrivi
krebebis
Sesaxeb
monacemebis
gamovlena,
maTi
analizi
istoriulfilologiuri TvalsazrisiT da maTi dalageba garkveuli principebis
Sesabamisad (qronologiurad da sistematurad), amasTanave, nakvlevis Sejereba
msoflio saeklesio samarTlis Tanamedrove donesTan, SesaZleblobis
farglebSi. ivane javaxiSvilis aRniSvniT, samarTlis sferoSi momuSave unda
iyos istorikos-filologosi da amasTanave unda hqondes specialuri
iuridiuli ganaTleba, amitomac Cven, viTarca mxolod istorikosi da ara
iuristi, ufro metad vixilavT saeklesio krebebs istoriul-filologiuri
TvalTaxedviT da naklebad vexebiT maT dogmatikur-kanonikuri mxriv, Tumca
ki mogvaqvs uxvi masala mis Sesaxebac. amasTanave, 20-ze meti wlis manZilze
Cemi episkoposobis dros, rogorc eparqiaSi, ise wmida sinodSi xSiri Sexeba
mqonda
saeklesio-kanonikur
samarTalTan,
am
praqtikulma
saqmianobam
cotaodnad gaamdidra Cemi codna am sferoSi. vloculobT, raTa Semdgom
Taobas, ufro metad daxelovnebuls iuridiul sferoSi, Cveni naSromi
gamoadges, viTarca erTi safexuri ufro maRal simaRleze asasvlelad.
gamokvlevis
sagani.
istoriulad
saqarTvelos
adgilobrivi
eklesiisaTvis
savaldebuloa
msoflio
sayovelTao
eklesiis
mier
SemuSavebuli
sakanonmdeblo
Zeglebi,
amitomac
qarTuli
saeklesio
samarTali, erTi mxriv, umTavresad msoflio eklesiis kanonmdeblobas
emyareba da misi saeklesio kanonmdeblobis saTaves msoflio krebebi
Seadgens, meore mxriv ki, aseTs warmoadgens saqarTvelos adgilobrivi
krebebi, rogorc ivane javaxiSvili uwodebda _ `adgilobiTi krebani~2.
Cveni gamokvlevis sagans warmoadgens saqarTvelos adgilobrivi krebebi.
rogorc aRiniSna, saqarTvelos eklesiis, viTarca saxelmwifo mniSvnelobis
saeklesio organizaciis oficialurad arsebobis Teqvsmeti saukunis manZilze,
mravali kreba unda mowveuliyo. kanonikuri samarTali iTvaliswinebda
weliwadSi ramdenime saeklesio krebis mowvevas, Tumca mas sxvadasxva
Sesabamis konkretul mizezTa gamoc iwvevdnen. miuxedavad mowveul krebaTa

siWarbisa, maT Sesaxeb pirdapiri cnobebi metad mcire raodenobiT SemorCa.

sxvadasxva wyaroTa monacemebze dayrdnobiT, Cven mier SesaZlebeli gaxda 40mde saqarTveloSi Catarebuli anda qarTuli eklesiisadmi miZRvnili krebis
gamovlena XIX s-mde, xolo XX s-Si Catarebuli krebebis ricxvi aWarbebs 50-s.
isini davyaviT 2 ZiriTad jgufad _ pirvelia krebebi, romelnic iyvnen
mowveulni kanonmdeblobiTi moRvaweobisaTvis anda Seikribnen sagangebod
pirvelxarisxovani sakiTxebis gansaxilvelad da kanonebic gamosces, meore
jgufs
ki
ganekuTvnebian
isini,
romelnic
ar
yofilan
mowveulni
kanonmdeblobiTi moRvaweobisaTvis, aramed sxvadasxva mimdinare saeklesio
sakiTxis gadasaWrelad Sedga. Cven vixilavT rogorc pirvelxarisxovan, ise
Cveulebriv krebebs. agreTve, rogorc aRvniSneT, calke jgufad gamovyaviT is
krebebi, romelnic ucxoeTSi iqnen mowveulni saqarTvelos eklesiis
sakiTxebis gadasaWrelad, aseve msoflio krebebi, romlebSic qarTveli
episkoposebi monawileobdnen.
saqarTvelos adgilobriv krebebze miRebuli dadgenilebebi savaldebulo
iuridiuli normebis xasiaTis matarebeli iyo saqarTvelos saeklesio
cxovrebaSi3. iseve, rogorc savaldebulos warmoadgenda msoflio eklesiis
mamaTa ganmartebani, kaTalikos-patriarqTa da moZRvarTa epistoleebi,
samoqalaqo xasiaTis iuridiuli kodeqsebi gamocemuli eklesiis mimarT. isini
mimoxilulia naSromis pirvel nawilSi - saeklesio wyaroTa mimoxilvisas,
naSromis II, ZiriTad nawils TviT adgilobriv krebaTa ganxilva warmoadgens,
III nawili ki eZRvneba saeklesio ierarqiis, diaspora-diptiqis, saeklesio
enisa da sxva sakiTxebs.
problemis Seswavlis mdgomareoba da sakiTxis istoriografia.
samarTlis mecniereba Seswavlis sagans warmoadgenda ZvelTaganve: aTenis,
aleqsandriis, antioqiis, romis da Semdeg konstantinopolis umaRles
skolebSi. aq miiRes iuridiuli ganaTleba wmida basili didma, grigori
RvTismetyvelma, ioane oqropirma, ambrosi mediolanelma. 534 wlamde am
Tavisebur universitetebSi Warbobdnen warmarTi profesorebi, romelTac
imperatorma iustinianem aukrZala leqciebis wakiTxva. skolaTa nawili amis
gamo daixura. universitetebi darCa romsa da konstantinopolSi. am epoqis
bizantiaSi saero da kanonikuri samarTali ar ganirCeoda erTmaneTisagan da
konstantinopolis skolis samarTalmcodneebi makedonelTa dinastiis epoqaSi
monawileobdnen sakanonmdeblo krebulebis: `proqironis~, `epanagogis~ da
`basilikis~ gamocemebSi4.
XI s-Si konstantinopolis wm. giorgis eklesiaSi gaixsna pirveli
specialuri iuridiuli skola. misi meTauri atarebda `nomofilaqsis~
(kanonTa damcvelis) tituls. am skolasTanaa dakavSirebuli avtoritetuli
kanonistebis - aleqsi aristines, ioane zonaras da Teodor balsamonis
Sromebi.
aristinem
da
balsamonma,
romelnic
Tavis
dros
skolas
xelmZRvanelobdnen kidec nomofilaqsis tituliT, da zonaram Seadgines
vrceli
egzegetikuri
ganmartebani
kanonikuri
korpusis
mTeli
Sedgenilobisa5. konstantinopolis jvarosanTagan gaTavisuflebis Semdeg,
XIV s-Si, bizantiaSi Seadgines cnobili `sintagma~ mRvdel-monazon maTe
blastarisa da `eqvsi wigni~ (`egzabiblosi~) Tesalonikeli nomofilaqsisa,
konstantine armenopulosi.

saqarTveloSi bizantiuri saeklesio samarTlis es bolo monapovrebic ki

cnobili iyo, amas miuTiTebs maTe blastaris `sintagmisa~ da konstantine
armenopulos Sromebis Targmna gamokrebili saxiT samTavisis episkoposis
kviprianes mier vaxtang VI-is dros. mas samTavisis kaTedraze miuRia Txovna
batoniSvil vaxtangisagan qarTulad gadmoeRo blastarisa da armenopulos
naSromebi. am naSromebs hqonda praqtikuli xasiaTi, Targmani sasamarTlo
praqtikaSi gamosayeneblad iyo gansazRvruli.
saqarTveloSi ufro adre, praqtikuli da ara samecniero-kvleviTi mizniT,
SemoqmedebiTi
midgomiT
iTargmneboda
kanonikuri
Zeglebi,
iqmneboda
sakanonmdeblo Zeglebis krebulebi. esaa _ eqvTime aTonelis `mcire
sjuliskanoni~ da arsen iyalToelis `didi sjuliskanoni~. pirveli
Sedgenili iqna qarTvelTa monasterSi, aTonis wmida mTaze, meore ki, albaT,
gelaTis monasterSi. qarTuli monastrebi _ saswavlo kerebic iyo, rogorc
amJamad uwodeben _ `akademiebi~. albaT maTSi Sesabamis iuridiul ganaTlebas
iRebdnen sasuliero pirebi, yovel SemTxvevaSi, TviT XVIII s-is dasawyisSic ki
samTavisis kaTedraze iseTi ganaTlebuli piris yofna, romelmac `sintagmisa~
da `eqvsi wignis~ gaanalizeba da DSesabamisi muxlebis Targmna SeZlo, unda
adasturebdes zemoTqmul mosazrebas.
1852-1859 wlebSi aTenSi ralisa da potlis redaqciiT gamovida 6-tomiani
`sintagma saRmrTo da wmida wignebisa~. masSi Sedis kanonikuri korpusi - `14titlovani nomokanoni~, maTe blastaris `sintagma~, aristines, zonaras da
balsamonis
ganmartebani,
agreTve,
bolo
drois
konstantinopolis
sapatriarqosa da saberZneTis samefoSi gamocemuli kanonebi eklesiis Sesaxeb.
saqarTveloSi TiTqmis erTi saukuniT adre msgavsi krebuli Seadgina
`rjulmdebelma~ vaxtang VI-m. krebuli warmoadgens samoqalaqo da saeklesio
samarTlis kodeqss. igi vaxtangma Seadgina domenti kaTalikosisa da grigol
episkoposis TanadgomiT. krebuli, moses samarTlis garda, moicavs e.w.
`siriul-romaul
samarTals~,
`berZnul
samarTals~
(blastarisa
da
armenopulos Sromebidan gamonakreb muxlebs), e.w. somxur samarTals (Cans,
istoriuli saqarTvelos samxreT provinciebSi gamosayenebel samarTals),
vaxtangis krebulSi Sedis saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo saeklesio krebaTa
mier miRebuli kanonebi - `kaTalikozTa samarTali~, Wulevis krebis mier
damtkicebuli kanonebi - `beqas da aRbuRas samarTali~ `bagrat kurapaltis
samarTali~, giorgi brwyinvales `Zeglis dadeba~ da krebulis bolo nawilia
`samarTali batoniSvilis vaxtangisa~. esaa qarTuli erovnuli samarTlis
yvelaze srulyofili Zegli da marTlmsajulebis ZiriTadi saxelmwifo wigni.
igi gamoiyeneboda XIX s-is 30-ian wlebamde. XIX s-Si Sewyda sakanonmdeblo
Zeglebze muSaoba, radganac saqarTvelos eklesiam dakarga avtokefalia. XX
s-Si, mxolod aTeistebis batonobis Semdeg, 90-ian wlebSi daarsebul
Tbilisis sasuliero akademiaSi Seudgnen saeklesio samarTlis Seswavlas.
rogorc
cnobilia,
saeklesio
samarTlis
disciplinis
qarTuli
saxelmZRvanelo, jerjerobiT, ar dawerila. sazogadod, saeklesio samarTals
swavloben universitetebis Sesabamis iuridiul skolebSi. aseTi qarTuli
skola,
jerjerobiT,
Camoyalibebuli
ar
aris.
saRvTismetyvelo
da
samomavlod iuridiul fakultetebze, albaT, saeklesio samarTlis Seswavlis
saqmes yuradReba mieqceva. miuxedavad Sesabamisi samecniero skolebis
ararsebobisa, saqarTveloSi saeklesio samarTals swavlobdnen cnobili
mecnierebi, istorikosebi da filologebi. rogorc zemoT ukve aRvniSneT,

ivane javaxiSvils miaCnda, rom samarTlis mecnierebas, misi specifikurobis

gamo, unda swavlobdes Sesabamisi iuridiuli ganaTlebis mqone piri `samarTlis istorikosi unda iyos erTsa da imave dros iuristica da
filologos istorikosi, rac rasakvirvelia iSviaT SemTxvevas warmoadgens6.
albaT saeklesio samarTlis mkvlevari, iuridiulTan erTad, saRvTismetyvelo
ganaTlebis mqone istorikos-filologi unda iyos. qarTuli samarTlis
iuridiuli institutebi da samarTlebrivi debulebebi asaxulia samarTlis
wignebSi, sigel-gujrebsa da CveulebiT samarTalSi.
rogorc aRiniSna, qarTuli samarTlisa da kanonmdeblobis istoriaSi
gansakuTrebuli roli ekuTvnis sjulmdebel mefe-mecniers vaxtang VI-s. man
Seqmna sakodifikacio komisia, Seadgina samarTlis wignTa didi krebuli.
agreTve, Seadgina qarTuli saxelmwifo samarTlis didebuli Zegli
`dasturlamali~. misi mefobis periodi iyo qarTuli sjulmdeblobis
ganaxlebisa da ayvavebis xana.
qarTuli
samarTlis
istoriis
sakiTxebi
ganxilulia
vaxuSti
batoniSvilis, ioane da daviT batoniSvilebis naSromebSi, romelTac
wyaroTmcodneobiTi mniSvneloba aqvT7.
ramdenime mniSvnelovani saeklesio krebis Sesaxeb cnobas gvaZlevs
vaxuSti batoniSvili, kerZod, igi ruis-urbnisis krebis Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs:
`ganixila mefeman, rameTu saxlni RvTisani quab avazakTa qmnil iyvnen,
mwyemsni _ ara mwyemsni, garna mgelni, amisTvis Sekribna kaTalikozepiskopozni da samRvdeloni mamulisa Tvisisani da sxua-kerZonica, qmna kreba
q~sa C~rg [1103 w.] qarTulsa t~kg, da TviTca mun mjdomi ara viTarca mefe,
aramed viTarca mona, ganamtkices i~b krebaTa damtkicebuli WeSmariti
sarwmunoeba, uRirsni gankueTnes da daaweses erad, xolo Rirsni saydarTa
maTTa dasxes~8.
vaxuStis cnobiT, ruis-urbnisis kreba Sedga daviT aRmaSeneblis mier
kaxeT-hereTis SemoerTebamde, radganac am krebas eswreboda samRvdeloeba ara
marto mefe daviTis `mamulidan~, aramed `sxva - kerZonica~. mefis `mamulis~
qveS igulisxmeba `afxazTa da qarTvelTa~ samefoebi, `sxva - kerZonis~ qveS ki,
cxadia, kaxeT-hereTisa, Tbilisis da qvemo qarTlis samRvdeloeba. krebis
damTavrebis Semdeg mefem SemoierTa `hereT-kaxeTi~1, amitomac, misi azriT,
ruis-urbnisis kreba Sedga ara 1104 anda 1105 wels, kaxeT-hereTis SemoerTebis
Semdeg, aramed iqamde, aseTia vaxuStis cnoba.
imereTis saeklesio krebis Sesaxeb vaxuSti wers - `JamTa amaT Sina, iqmna
ganteveba colTa, klva kacTa da idumal tyvis yidva da usjuloni sjulsa
zeda mravalni imereTsa Sina. amisaTvis Sekrbnen qarTlisa kaTalikozi
malaqia, afxazTa kaTalikozi evdemon da yovelni episkopozni imereTodiSisani. xolo episkopozni eseni iyvnen: quTaTeli svimon, genaTeli antoni,
Wyondideli, bedieli, moqveli, drandeli filipe, cagereli kozman, xoneli
zaqaria, nikorwmindeli ioakim, Caiseli kvirile. amaT ganaCines moqmedTa
maTTaTvis jerovani Serisxuani, dawernes da SeaCuenes moqmedni misni, viTarca
gvauwyebs aRwerili maTi~9.
ioane bagrationis `sjuldeba~ warmoadgens saqarTvelos saeklesio
samarTlis istoriisaTvis mniSvnelovan Zegls, masSi gvxvdeba mosazrebani
saqarTvelos eklesiis umaRlesi sammarTvelo organos - `dikasteriis~,

eklesiis meTaur `kaTalikosis~, eklesiebSi `saqveyno saqmeTa gancxadebis~,

qarTvel mefeTagan TavianT kaTedrebze `episkoposTa dasmis~, samxedro `jaris
mRvdelTa~, `samRvdelo wesdebisa~ da sxvaTa Sesaxeb.
i. bagrationis `sjuldebis~ teqstis gamomcemlis, ivane surgulaZis
TvalsazrisiT, es Zegli arasodes yofila `sakanonmdeblo aqti~, imJamindeli
samarTlis wyaro, aramed mxolod proeqts warmoadgenda, romelic avtorma
miarTva mefe giorgi XIII-s, magram, Cveni TvalsazrisiT, mas garkveuli formiT
gavlena mouxdenia saqarTvelos eklesiis samarTalze mogvianebiT, kerZod,
avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg. Cven vgulisxmobT im garemoebas, rom ioane
batoniSvilis
mier
dikasteriisaTvis
dakisrebuli
funqcia
da
misi
Semadgenloba gvagonebs 1917-1927 wlebSi saqarTvelos eklesiaSi moqmed 1917
wlis krebis mier dadgenil `sakaTalikoso sabWos~. saqme isaa, rom
`sjuldebis~ mniSvnelovani nawili daibeWda da gamoqveynda sasuliero
organoSi `mwyemsi~, romelsac d. RambaSiZe redaqtorobda, 1894-1896 wlebSi. igi
am sasuliero JurnalSi uwyvetad, TiTqmis ori wlis manZilze ibeWdeboda
(sul daibeWda 16 nomerSi), rogorc cnobilia, TiTqmis amave epoqaSi daiwyo
avtokefaluri moZraoba, qarTveli samRvdeloeba im dros eZebda momavali
sakaTalikoso eklesiis mmarTvelobis formebs. Cans, am dros momavali
sakaTalikoso sabWos Semadgenlobisa da funqciis gansazRvrisas maTze
zegavlena iqonia i. batoniSvilis sjuldebis qveTavma `samRvdelo wesdeba~,
romelSic
paragrafia
saTauriT:
`dikasteriisa
anu
sasuliero
10
wesdebisaTvis~ . dikasteria asea ganmartebuli - `dikasteria (anu sasuliero
samarTali), anu saeklesio saqmeebi. sakurTxi mRvdelni, arqimandritni,
episkoposni iyos gamorCeviT dikasteriis wevrTagan. dikasteriis wevrni iyvnen
Semdegni: 1. kaTalikosi; 2. tfileli; 3. ori arqimandriti; 4. ori dekanozi; 5.
mefis moZRvari; 6. mefisagan miCenili Tavadi (sasulieros mTavari); 7. samni
anu orni mweralni. ese yovelni Sekrbebodnen kviraSi orjer orSabaTs da
paraskevs
da
yovelni
sasuliero
saqme
da
samarTali
amaT
mier
ganixilebodes~11. i. batoniSvilis dikasteria 10-12 wevrisagan Sedgeba. 1917
wlis `eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebis~ mixedviT `sakaTalikoso sabWo~
Sedgeba 12 wevrisagan, maT Soris pirveli kaTalikosi iyo. sabWos igive
funqcia eniWeboda, rac dikasterias. `sabWos dadgenilebani savaldebuloa
yvela saeklesio dawesebulebaTa da eklesiis wevrTaTvis ($8), igive funqcia
aqvs `dikasterias~ - `yoveli sasuliero saqme da samarTali~ mas ekuTvnis.
iv.surgulaZe dikasterias ase ganmartavs - `kolegialuri xasiaTis
sasuliero dawesebuleba administraciuli da sasamarTlo funqciebiT~12.
`kalmasobaSi~ i. bagrationi dikasteriis Sesaxeb wers
- `dikasteria ars
berZnuli sityva, romelic niSnavs upirveles samsajulsa da samsajulTa
SesakrebelTa adgilTa~13. rusuli eklesiis mmarTvelobis Sesabamisad, es
dawesebuleba
anton
II-is
mmarTvelobis
bolo
wlebSi
qarTlis
sakaTalikosoSic
dainerga,
arsebobda
egzarqosobis
pirvel
xanaSic.
i.batoniSvilis `dikasteriac~ emsgavseba rusul saeklesio mmarTvelobis
formas. magaliTad, dikasteriis wevri e.w. `mefisagan miCenuli Tavadi
(sasuliero mTavari)~ igivea, rac rusul uwmides sinodSi saimperatoro
xelisuflebis mier daniSnuli oberprokurori. am `sjuldebiT~ kaTalikosis
funqcia SezRudulia dikasteriis mier, es ukanaskneli eklesiis faqtobrivi
mmarTvelia. mefisagan `miCenili sasuliero mTavari~ saero xelisufalia,

romelic kontrols uwevs sasuliero xelisuflebas, mis xelSia sasuliero

ganaTlebis saqmec kaTalikosTan erTad. proeqtis mixedviT, qarTul
saxelmwifoSi grigorianuli da kaTolikuri eklesiebisaTvis da mahmadianebisaTvisac
unda
Camoyalibebuliyo
Sesabamisi
dikasteriebi.
ioane
batoniSvilisaTvis, iseve, rogorc mamamisisaTvis giorgi XIII-isa da papisaTvis
(erekle II-isaTvis) rusuli saxelmwifoebrivi wyobileba misabaZ magaliTs
warmoadgenda. ioanec cdilobs mis gadmonergvas saqarTveloSi, adgilobriv
wyobilebasTan mis SeTavsebas. ruseTSi 1721 w. petre pirvelma gaauqma
patriarqoba. saqarTveloSi kaTalikosobis instituti ise Zlieri iyo, rom
TviT proeqtSic ki mas batoniSvili ver Seexo, Tumca, rogorc aRiniSna, misi
Zalaufleba SezRuda. misi azriT, `kaTalikosi Rirsebisamebr da ara mefis
ZeobiT ikurTxebodes kaTalikosad, vinc iyos mecnier da patiosani~14. Tu
iqamde kaTalikosis xelSi iyo eklesiis mTeli Semosaval-gasavali, proeqtiT
mas daeniSna xelfasi wliurad 250 Tumani vercxlis fuli, garda amisa, mas
sakaTalikosos Semosavlidan unda miscemoda mudmivad `eqvsi sulisa
sadilisa da vaxSmisa xoragi~. kaTalikosis mudmiv damxare TanamSromlad
iniSnebodnen - `ori arqimandriti, eqvsi mRvdel-monazoni, oTxi mTavardiakoni,
ori diaCoqi (kerZo diakoni) lamprisa da kverTxis mWerali, ori moJamne, erTi
xelis dambani, erTi mwignobari, rva mgalobeli~, amaT garda `Semosavlebis
mcvelni da eklesiis nivTebis mcvelni, erTi ikonomosi da saWmlis rigis
mimcemi ori mwerali, ori mzareuli, ori mepure, oTxi yuluxCi (mcveli
mxlebeli), oTxi fareSi, ori mekare da ezos mgveli, erTi eklesiis damgveli,
sami mejinibe da ezos mejore da ise xuTi mosamsaxure~15. maTTvis kaTalikoss
`sakaTalikoso Semosavlidan~ miecemoda Sesabamisi `xoragi~ da saxarjo.
`odes mefes an sxvaT miiwvevs kaTalikosi, maSin Semosavlidam aqvs neba
daxarjos
weliwadSi
oTxgzis
stumrobisaTvis~
da
sxva
msgavsi
gansazRvrebani gvxvdeba sjuldebaSi.
asevea gansazRvruli episkoposTa xarjebic, kerZod, mTavarepiskoposebs:
alaverdels, bodbels, mrovels da nekresels eZlevaT TanamSromlad `TiTo
arqimandriti, oTx-oTxi mRvdelmonazoni an mRvdeli, or-ori mTavardiakvani,
sam-sami mgalobeli, or-ori moJame mwignobari, orni diakonni, sam-sami msaxuri,
erTi mzareuli, erTi mepure, ori fareSi anu karis mcveli da damgveli, TiTo
mejinibe, sami mosamsaxure. maT eZlevaT `jamagiri TeTrad~ da `ulufa
eklesiidam~.
sxva
episkoposebsac
msgavsadve
odnav
Semcirebuli
TanamSromlebi eZlevaT. amis garda, maT xelSia `kondakiT naSovni~ anu
sxvadasxva wesis SesrulebisaTvis miRebuli Semosavali `saimtverio da
sawiravi TviT moixmaron~16. XX s-Si gardacvlilis WirisuflebisaTvis
mezobel-naTesavTa mier mitanil Sesawevar fuls `gadasaxuravi~ erqva
(imereTSi), rogorc Cans, imave mniSvnelobisaa `wasaxuravi~ sjuldebaSi. mefis
gardacvalebis dros `episkoposni wasaxuravs nurRa miarTmeven mefeTa, nuca
saimtveriosa aRiReben amisTvis, radgan mefeTa arian dasmulni episkoposad da
samRvdelod ganwesebulni~17.
aq sainteresoa is, rom saepiskoposo kaTedrebze episkoposebi Zvel
saqarTveloSi `daismebodnen mefeTa mier~. kaTedra mefis iyo. rogorc sxva
sabuTebidan Cans, mitropolitis da sxva msgavs wodebasac mefe iZleoda.
rusuli wesdebis mixedviT nakurTx episkoposs kaTedras mefe aZlevda

` -
~18.
ganvixiloT `samarTali batoniSvilis daviTisa~ (teqsti gamosca da
gamokvleva daurTo daviT furcelaZem, Tb., 1964). qarTl-kaxeTis bolo mefis,
giorgi XII-is brZanebiT, mis vaJs, daviT batoniSvils moqmedi samarTlis
mosawesrigeblad daevala Seedgina samarTlis wigni, romelic wodebulia
viTarca `samarTali batoniSvilis daviTisa~. esaa XVIII-XIX saukuneTa mijnaze
Sedgenili Zegli, Sedgenili imdroindeli rusuli samarTlis Zeglebis
gaTvaliswinebiT.
daviT batoniSvilis samarTali saqarTvelos eklesiisa sasuliero pirebis
mimarT moiTxovs pativiscemas, rasac Sesabamisad asabuTebs kidec, kerZod 149-e
muxlSi
naTqvamia
`qveyana
Cveni
Soris
warmarTTa
ars
mdebare,
romlisaTvisca xams yovelTa samRvdeloTa pativiscema~19; batoniSvili
daviTi iyo eklesiisa da sarwmunoebis moyvaruli, keTilmorwmune. zrunavda
eklesiis gaZlierebisa da ayvavebisaTvis, rac aisaxa kidec misi samarTlis
muxlebSi. mease muxlSi naTqvamia: `eklesia aris gvirgvini mefisa da dideba
da wyaro yovlisa bednierebisa, da gaaxlebuli kacisa RvTisa Tana, da
mpoebeli bednierebisa viTarca dausrulebelsa mas saukunesa, egreTve
dasrulebadsaca amas, amisaTvis xams, romel mefeTagan da erTa iyos
pativcemul da didebul~20.
eklesia bednierebis wyaroa, rogorc am wuTisofelSi (`dasrulebadsa amas
saukunesa~), ise im qveynad. daviTi wuxs, rom saqarTvelos eklesia TiTqmis
`dacemisadmi miwevnul ars~ imis gamo, rom `arca mefeTa, arca TavadTa,
aznaurTa da glexTa aqunda misadmi zrunva~, ufro metic, ersa Tu bers mis
mimarT guli gagrilebuli aqvs, amitomac arian kidec damdablebuldaglaxakebulni, TviT meurveebi Zarcvavdnen (`krexden~) eklesiebs da
saeklesio qonebas aZlevdnen TavianT naTesavebsa da aznaurebs. amis
mxilvelio, wers batoniSvili daviTi, `aRvityine SuriTa~ (e.i. vinebe), raTa
samociqulos wesdebis msgavsad Semedgina saeklesio wesdeba, raTa eklesia
daubrundes Tavis Zvel didebas, rogorc hqonda Cveni winaprebis droso.
daviTi miiCnevs, rom episkoposTa raodenoba unda Semcirdes, radganac
maTi siWarbe aglaxakebs eklesias. saqarTveloSi mravali episkoposia, wers
daviTi, magram maT ara hyavT imdeni mrevli, ramdenic episkoposebs unda
hyavdeT saerTod. `ese ars pirveli mizezi daglaxakebisa eklesiisa~ imis gamo,
rom maT gasavals Semosavali ver eTanxmeba, `ara Sesworebis~, xolo Tu
episkoposi daglaxakda (e.i. gaRaribda), es ar ekadreba mis xarisxsa da
Rirsebas, Tu Tavisi Rirsebis Sesabamisad moiqceva, misi Semosavali amas ver
gawvdeba, amitomac gadavwyviteT, rom saqarTveloSi (gulisxmobs qarTlkaxeTs) sul oTxi episkoposi eyolebaT, maT gauCndebaT ufro meti samwyso da
TavianTi xarisxis Sesabamisad moiqcevian, maTi movaleoba aris qadageba
saxarebisa, warmarTTa moqceva, radganac isini arian eris moZRvarTa Tavni21.
sxvaTaSoris, TiTqmis saukunis Semdeg kaTolikos-patriarq kalistrates
piriqiT miaCnda, rom saqarTveloSi episkoposTa ricxvi usaTuod unda
gazrdiliyo, raTa maTi swavleba da madli mrevlamde misuliyo22. marTlac,
XIX s-Si eparqiaTa gauqmebam mZime sarwmunoebrivi Sedegi gamoiRo23.

daviT batoniSvilis Tanaxmad, `pirveli episkoposi~ TbilisSi unda iyos,

mas mitropolitis wodeba eqneba, viTarca dedaqalaqis mRvdelmTavars. misi
samwyso aris mcxeTamde diRomi, Tbilisis garemoni, walka-TrialeTi, qvemo
qarTli, kaxeTis nawili. meore episkoposi arqiepiskoposis wodebiT bodbeli
unda iyos, mis samwysoSi Seva gaRmarTi da gamoRmarTi kaxeTi, e.i.
alaznisiqiTa mxare (gaRmarTi) kaxeTi, anu dRevandeli saingilo da
alaznisaqeTa teritoria. mesame iwodeba gorisa da mcxeTis, anu qarTlis
episkoposad. misi samwyso mTeli qarTlia samaCablomde. meoTxe episkoposi
`ars mTebisa: didisa liaxvisa, patarisa, qsanisa, aragvisa, TuSisa, fSavisa da
xevsureTisa da eseve ars xarWaSnelica~24.
daviT batoniSvilis samarTali CvenTvis imiTaa saintereso, rom
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebis Semdeg eparqiaTa ricxvis
Secirebisa da axali eparqiebis ricxvis gansazRvris dros, rogorc Cans,
ruseTis saeklesio da saxelmwifo xelisuflebas usargeblia daviT
batoniSvilis samarTlis wignis aRniSnuli mease muxliT. rogorc cnobilia,
rusulma xelisuflebam aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi erT periodSi marTlac
oTxi saepiskoposo daarsa. rusebma erT periodSi marTlac daarses `mTis
eparqia~ daviTis zemoaRniSnuli muxlis Sesabamisad, masSi Seiyvanes
saqarTvelos mTianeTis mosaxleoba, oRond rusebma mas ratomRac `oseTis
eparqia~ uwodes. masSi aragvis xeobac Sedioda. amasTanave, rusebi gamudmebiT
unergavdnen am eparqiis mrevls, rom isini eTnikurad osebi iyvnen (es sakiTxi
sxvagan gvaqvs ganxiluli).
amasTanave, daviTi miiCnevs, rom arqimandritebis ricxvic oTxiT unda
ganisazRvros, maTi Semosavali mefis xazinaSi unda Sevides, saidanac miecemaT
`jamagiri
sakmao~,
gauqmebuli
saepiskoposoebis
Semosavali
`daidvas
SkolaTaTvis da saswavloTa da stambisaTvis~.
batoniSvil daviTs surda saqarTvelos eklesiasa da saxelmwifos Soris
damyarebuliyo iseTive damokidebuleba, rogoric iyo imJamindel ruseTSi.
kerZod, eklesiis mmarTvelobiT organod moiazrebs dikasterias. imave mease
muxlis Tanaxmad, `upirvelesi dikasteria, romlisa mierca imarTebis
saqarTvelos sasuliero jer-ars ese tfilissa Sina yofad~25.
dikasteria
Sedgeboda
zemoaRniSnuli
4
mRvdelmTavrisagan
(erTi
mitropoliti da sami episkoposi). amasTanave, mitropoliti mudmivi wevria,
xolo sxva episkoposebi oTx-oTxi TviT asruleben wevris movaleobas
dikasteriisa. maT garda dikasteriis wevrebi arian karis moZRvari, mefis
moZRvari, karis dekanozi da sionis dekanozi. am ukanasknelis Secvla SeuZlia
romelime sxva `swavlul da Rirs~ mRvdels.
dikasterias unda hyavdes erTi prokurori mefisa. igi ucxadebs
dikasterias
`mefis
brZanebas~.
es
prokurori
dikasteriis
wevrebis
meTvalyurea (`mWvreteli~), raTa raime sakiTxi ukanonod ar gadawydes.
dikasteriaSi yoveli saqme unda gadawydes `sjulis kanoniTa, dadebuliTa
wmidaTa mamaTaTa, raica ara ipoebodes mun, ixmaron aRsavsebelad kanoni
berZenTa mefeTani26, e.i. e.w. `samarTali berZuli~, an `kanoniTa Cemgan
dadebuliTa~ - wers daviT batoniSvili. misive azriT `kerZo dikasteria~ unda
arsebobdes eparqiebSi episkoposis karze. misi wevrebi arian iqauri
arqimandriti da eparqiis pirveli dekanozi. daviTis azriT, eklesiaSi
sasuliero pirebis (e.i. `moweseTa~) ricxvi didi ar unda iyos, radganac maTi

simravle iwvevs `friadsa mwirobasa~ (e.i. siRaribes). dikasteria ikribeba

oTxSabaT-paraskevs.
monofizitebisaTvis (somxuri eklesiis mrevlisaTvisac) unda arsebobdes
e.w. `somxis dikasteria~. saqarTvelos mefes gansakuTrebuli damokidebuleba
aqvs axpatis somxuri saepiskoposos mimarT. es eparqia teritoriulad
mdebareobda saqarTvelos saxelmwifoSi, amitomac `axpatis monasteri ars
mefisa da mamulica imisi mefisa~, mis mimarT eCmiawinis kaTalikoss `ara
aqus araraime samarTali~. axpatis episkoposs saqarTvelos mefe akurTxebinebs
kaTalikoss eCmiawinisas. am episkoposs mefe gamoirCevs da Semdeg mis
kurTxevas Txovs kaTalikoss27.
sazogadod, somexi mRvdlis kurTxevis nebarTvac mefem unda misces,
radganac Tu `pirveli moqalaqeni da vaWarni~ miatoveben Tavis saqmes (e.i.
vaWrobas) da xucesad ekurTxebian, amiT samefos Semosavali moakldeba28.
Tu SevadarebT, daviT batoniSvili winaaRmdegia ara marto qarTveli (e.i.
marTlmadidebeli) samRvdeloebis gamravlebisa, aseve winaaRmdegia somexi (e.i.
monofiziti) samRvdeloebis gamravlebisa, radganac `amiT isini miatoveben
vaWrobas, rac saxelmwifos Semosavlis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani wyaroa~.
aqedan Cans, rom xelmwifis kars qveyanaSi somxuri mosaxleobis yofna
sasargeblod miaCnia. amiT unda iyos gamowveuli erT-erTi kanoni, romelic
nebas rTavs marTlmadidebelTa, monofizitTa da kaTolikeTa (qarTvelTa,
somexTa da frangTa) SeuRlebas - `Tvinier yovlisa winaaRmdegobisa~28.
mahmadianTa meCeTebic mefis prokuroris meTvalyureobis qveS imyofeba.
daviTi qarTuli eklesiis sakuTrebas mkveTrad mijnavs saxelmwifo
sakuTrebisagan. amiTaa gamowveuli arsi me-17 muxlisa. kanoni ukrZalavs
martoxelas berad Sedgomisas Tavisi miwa-wylis eklesiisaTvis gadacemas.
miiCneva, rom mamuli mefisaa, xolo eklesiisaTvis Sewirvis Semdeg ukve
aRar iqneba mefisa. `nu ikadrebs yovladisa mamulisa Tvisisa eklesiisadmi
Sewirvasa, romelica ese ars mefisa, raTa ara waruwydes samefosa da
sazogadoebasa~29.
saerTod, rogorc daviT batoniSvilis samarTlidan Cans, misi drois
samefo karis (XVIII s. bolo wlebSi) pirveli piri mzad iyo gaeuqmebina
kaTalikos-patriarqis Tanamdebobac ki (mis dikasteriaSi ar Cans qarTuli
eklesiis tradiciuli pirveli ierarqi), oRondac rogorme qarTuli
samarTali damsgavseboda rusuls. xolo es ukanaskneli, e.i. rusuli
samarTali, Cans, ruseTis imperiis warmatebis erT-erT safuZvlad miiCneoda.
faqtobrivad ki daviTma instruqcia `moumzada~ ruseTis xelisuflebasa da
sinods qarTuli eklesiis tradiciuli iersaxis Sesacvlelad.
Zvel saqarTveloSi, rogorc sjuldebidan Cans, iyo `samxedros jaris
mRvdelTa ufrosis~ Tanamdeboba, e.i. samxedro mRvdlebic. maT imdenad didi
mniSvneloba eniWebodaT, rom `jaris mRvdelTa ufrosi~ dikasteriis sxdomebs
eswreboda da eqvemdebareboda `sulier mTavars~, anu mefis warmomadgnels
dikasteriaSi.
aleqsandre
amilaxvarma
(1750-1802)
Tavis
TxzulebaSi
`brZeni
aRmosavleTisa, anu saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis mowyobis misi gansazRvra~
meoTxe Tavi miuZRvna `saeklesio wesebs~. misi TvalsazrisiT, `saeklesio
wesebi~ dasabamiTve keTili ganzraxviT iqna SemoRebuli, raTa adamianTa
boroteba SeezRuda da daemSvidebina~30. am Tavs aleqsandre amilaxvari

amTavrebs mosazrebiT, rom mRvdelmTavrebi `am qveynis meurveebad arian

dadginebulni~, amitomac maT Sesabamisi pativi unda mivagoT, amasTanave, unda
gavarCioT isini (samRvdeloeba) am qveynis Cveulebrivi xalxisagan (`sofluri
kacebisagan~), isini ar unda ereodnen im saqmeebSi, romelnic maT ar
SeeferebaT. aleqsandre amilaxvari gamoTqvams wuxils, rom qristes
moZRvrebis da misi cxovrebis zogierTi gamgrZelebeli (e.i. zogierTi
samRvdelo piri) simSvidis nacvlad, SfoTs Tesavs, ara marto Tavis qveyanaSi,
aramed mTel qveyanaze (e.i. msoflioSi): `qriste siRaribeSi cxovrobda misi
(moZRvrebis)
gamgrZelebelT
ki
mefobaze
rCebaT
Tvali.
qriste
erTmaneTisaTvis locvas gvaswavlida, eseni ki erTmaneTs SeaCveneben...
marTlac erTi eklesia meores SeaCvenebs~31. aleqsandre amilaxvari askvnis,
rom miviRoT rCeva - `ar SevaviwrovoT sxva sarwmunoebis mimdevarni da neba
davrToT, Tavisi rjulis Sesabamisad ilocon~31, magram maT, e.i. sxva
sarwmunoebis mqone xalxsa da eklesias unda davudoT garkveuli zRvari,
romelsac aRar gadavlen, radganac qveyanaze araferia usazRvro da arafris
keTeba ar gamodgeba uzomod~31. aleqsandre amilaxvari specialistebis
TvalsazrisiT imJamindeli evropeli moazrovneebis mimdevaria da maTgan
gadmoaqvs qarTul sinamdvileSi zogierTi Tvalsazrisi. Tumca ki is
warmoadgens Rrmad morwmune qristians da wers kidec, rom RmerTi, Semoqmedi
yvelaze maRalia, Cven mis winaSe yvelani Tanasworni varT, igi gvexmareba, rom
Cveni amqveyniuri sicocxlis dReni mSvidobiT ganvvloT, xolo imqveyniuri,
anu saukunovani cxovrebis dros ufali RmerTis winaSe warvdgeT
`arawinaaRmdegobiT aRsavseni~32. samwuxarod, aleqsandre amilaxvris meore
naSromidan `georgianuli istoria~ Cans, rom misi avtori sinamdvileSi
warmoadgens
separatistuli
Tvalsazrisis
mqone
adamians,
romelic
ewinaaRmdegeba saqarTvelos erTianobis ideas. misi azriT, mefe Teimuraz II
mxolod kaxeTis mefea da qarTlis samefos amklebi33, romelic qarTlis
samefo taxts `ukanonod, mimZlavrebiT daepatrona~. qarTlis taxtis
memkvidreebi SeiZleba ufro amilaxvarTa sagvareulo iyos, vidre kaxeTis
bagrationebi34.
saqarTvelos saeklesio samarTlis pirvel mkvlevarad iTvleba nikoloz
Tadeozis Ze xizanaSvili, niko urbneli (20.09.1851, sof. maRladovleTi, goris
mazra - 28.12.1906, Tbilisi), qarTveli mecnieri, iuristi, istorikosi,
eTnografi, publicisti, literaturis kritikosi. 1870 wels daamTavra
Tbilisis sasuliero seminaria, 1876 wels novorosiis universitetis (odesa)
iuridiuli fakulteti, muSaobda gamomZieblad. xizanaSvilis samecniero
moRvaweobis mTavari dargi qarTuli samarTlis istoria iyo. am dargis
specialobiTi kvleva-Zieba pirvelad xizanaSvilma daiwyo. Zveli qarTuli
samarTlis umniSvnelovanesi sakiTxebisadmi miZRvnil monografiebs Soris
gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia misi ori naSromi: `aTabagi beqa da aRbuRa da maTi
samarTali~ da `Zeglisdeba mefe giorgi brwyinvalesi~. xizanaSvilma
safuZvlianad Seiswavla qarTuli samarTali da ostaturad gamoiyena igi
sakanonmdeblo ZeglebiT gaTvaliswinebuli institutebis gamosakvlevad.
xizanaSvilis iuridiul naSromebs fuZemdebluri mniSvneloba aqvs qarTuli
samarTlis istoriis mecnierebisaTvis. xizanaSvils ekuTvnis mravalmxriv
saintereso publicisturi werilebi, misi naSromebidan saeklesio samarTali

Sesulia TxzulebebSi: 1. eTnografiuli nawerebi, Tb., 1940 (masalebi

saqarTvelos eTnografiisaTvis); 2. rCeuli iuridiuli nawerebi (i.doliZis
gamocema, Tb., 1982).
n. urbnelma Seiswavla ruis-urbnisis kreba da miiCnia qarTuli samarTlis
saukeTeso
Zeglad35,
agreTve,
1543-49
w.w.
krebis,
e.w.
`kaTalikozTa
samarTali~36.
qarTuli samarTlisa da, kerZod, saeklesio samarTlis udidesi
mkvlevaria didi ivane javaxiSvili. iv. javaxiSvilma gamoaqveyna Sesabamisi
Sromebi: 1. `socialuri brZolisa da demokratiuli reformebis Sesaxeb IX-XI
saukuneebis qarTul eklesiaSi~, 1904 w. rusul enaze37; 2. `saxelmwifo
wyobileba Zvel saqarTvelosa da Zvel somxeTSi~, 1905; 3. `saqarTvelos mefe
da misi uflebis istoria~38; 4. `zneobrivi moZRvrebis istoria~39 (exeba
samonastro cxovrebas); 5. `qarTuli samarTlis istoria~ (wigni I, 1919,
quTaisi); 6. `qarTuli samarTlis istoria~ (wigni I da wigni II, 1928).
iv. javaxiSvilis `qarTuli samarTlis istoriis~ pirvel wignSi Sesabamisi
siRrmiT aris ganxiluli `saqarTvelos adgilobrivi krebebis Zeglebi~.
adgilobriv krebebs iv. javaxiSvili or jgufad yofs. pirvel wignSi Sedis
krebebi,
romelnic
gankuTvnili
ar
yofila
kanonmdeblobiTi
moRvaweobisaTvis, aramed moiwvies saeklesio kanoniT dawesebuli normis
Sesabamisad,
meoreSi
ki
aTavsebs
kanonmdebel
krebebs,
romelnic
pirvelxarisxovani sakiTxebis gansaxilvelad iqna mowveuli40.
iv.
javaxiSvili
darwmunebulia,
rom
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
organizaciulad CamoyalibebisTanave, anu `TviTmwysobis pirvelad SemoRebis~
Semdegve, Catarda mravali adilobrivi kreba, magram Sesabamisi dadgenilebani
Cvenamde ar aris moRweuli, rogorc, magaliTad, javaxeTis IX s-is Sua wlebSi
Sekrebili krebis Sesaxeb giorgi merCules mier Semonaxuli cnoba, `Rrtilas
krebis~ Sesaxeb bagrat mefis sigelSi da sxv. ivane javaxiSvili daaskvnis `ramdeni namdvili saeklesio kreba yofila saqarTveloSi, rom maTi kvali am
Jamad an gamqrala, an jer aRmoCenili ar aris~41. ivane javaxiSvili
gamowvlilviT mimoixilavs saqarTvelos 4 saeklesio krebas, romelTa
Sesaxebac meti cnobebi iqna Semonaxuli. esenia - 1. ruis-urbnisis kreba; 2.
`1263 w. axlo drois saqarTvelos saeklesio krebis moxseneba da
dadgenileba~; 3. `samarTali kaTalikozTa da krebisa mier~; 4. `1767-8 w.
ganCineba~.
ivane javaxiSvils miaCnia, rom ruis-urbnisis kreba Sedga 1103 wels. igi
`Semokrba
brZanebiTa
mefisa~,
Tumca
kreba
`RvTiv-Sekrebilad~
aris
gamocxadebuli. krebis mowvevis Taosnoba daviT aRmaSenebels ekuTvnis, rasac
arsen monazoni krebis saxeliT daweril `samadlobel qeba-didebaSi~
aRniSnavs. kreba winaswar ganzraxuli mizniTa da gegmis gansaxorcieleblad
yofila mowveuli da igi sagangebo yriloba iyo42. krebis mizani `saeklesio
weswyobilebis, samRvdelmsaxuro wesebis da mrevlis zne-CveulebaTa da
DSecodebulebis ganmarTva da mowesrigeba yofila~42. kreba ruis-urbnisis
maxloblad, jerovan adgilas, mravali dRis manZilze grZeldeboda,
episkoposTa, mRvdelTa, diakonTa, monazonTa, dayudebulTa da meudabnoeTa
monawileobiT. mefes mouwvevia `eri mravalni~, `mecnierni~. sarwmunoebrivi
sakiTxi krebas ar miuCnevia ganxilvis sagnad, radganac saqarTveloSi daculi

sarwmunoeba ubiwo iyo `ara Tu ubiwoebasa qarTvelTa sarwmunoebasa biwi

raime Sehxeboda~. krebas ioane kaTalikosi Tavmjdomareobda, romlis tituli
iyo - `yovlad Rirsi mTavarepiskoposi da yovlisa saqarTveloisa didi
mamamTavari~. mamamTavari igivea, rac patriarqi. `Tvali wmidisa amis krebisa~
yofila giorgi monazoni da mwignobarTuxucesi. krebis mdivani, ivane
javaxiSvilis sityviT, yofila arsen monazoni43. misive azriT, ruis-urbnisis
krebis Zegliswera oTxi mTavari nawilisagan Sedgeba (I nawili - Sesavali, II dadgenileba krebisa, III - daviT aRmaSeneblisadmi miZRvnili saqebeli, misi
saTauria `mefe daviTs monazoni arseni~, IV nawili - mravalJamieri cocxali
moRvaweebisa da micvalebulTaTvis saukuno xseneba44. I nawilSi saqarTvelos
pirvelgzisi da meoregzisi gaqristianebisa da qarTuli eklesiis dafuZnebis
Sesaxebaa saubari efrem mciris mier Seqmnili koncefciis mixedviT. mas
mosdevs saeklesio kanonmdeblobisa da samarTlis Zeglebis aRnusxva,
bunebiTi da dawerili samarTlis ganviTarebis mimoxilva.
ruis-urbnisis krebis kanonebi T. Jordanias dauyvia 15 muxlad, iv.
javaxiSvili ki mas 17 muxlad yofs.
meore saeklesio kreba, romelsac iv. javaxiSvili ganixilavs, Semdgara
1263 wlis axlo dros. g. gozaliSvilma aRmoaCina krebis mefisadmi mimarTvis
ara dedani, aramed samuSao piri, savaraudod, XIII saukunisa. iv. javaxiSvilis
azriT, saeklesio miwebis gacema, romlis winaaRmdegac iyo mimarTuli kreba,
laSa giorgis Zis mefe daviTis sibaze siarulis Semdgom daiwyo, e.i. 1263
wels, am saqmeSi basili Wyondidel-ujarmels miuRia monawileoba. igi
gandidebula, mbrZaneblad qceula mefis sibaze siarulisas45.
mesame kreba saqarTvelos eklesiisa, romelsac ganixilavs iv. javaxiSvili,
Semdgara 1543-49 wlisaTvis. es Zegli Seuswavlia n. urbnels monografiiT
`Cveni saeklesio istoriidan. samarTali kaTalikozisa~46. iv. javaxiSvili
aRniSnavs, rom `kaTalikozTa samarTlis~ wigni vaxtang VI-is krebulSi 23
paragrafs Seicavs da daTariReba krebisa daudgenlad miaCnia. vaxuSti
batoniSvili krebis mowvevas aTariRebs XVII s-is dasawyisiT, m. brose XVI sis 70-iani wlebiT, s. kakabaZe 1544-62 wlebiT. k.kekeliZe 1543-49 wlebiT, rasac
ufro eTanxmeba iv. javaxiSvili. misi azriT, Tavdapirvelad krebis kanonebi
mTavrdeboda 22-e muxliT, Semdeg mas
daurTes 23-e muxli, anda teqstis
mermindel gadamwers SecdomiT gamotovebuli muxli bolos miuweria. Zeglis
kanonebi
dalagebulia
Sinaarsis
mixedviT,
misi
teqsti
pirvandeli
saxiTYSenaxuli ar aris. Semdegdroindeli danarTi unda iyos krebis
monawileTa xelrTvis Semdeg moTavsebuli muxli, romelic Seexeba `colis
ubralod damagdebs~, romelsac aqvs xalxuri zne-Cveulebisa da uflebrivi
azrovnebis gavlena47. `kaTalikozTa samarTlis~ Zeglis Semdgenlebi cdilan
Zeglis Sinaarsi sistemurad daelagebinaT. saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi
am krebaSi monawileobda viTarca qarTuli eklesiis uzenaesi saWeTmpyrobeli,
magram kreba dasavleT saqarTveloSi gaimarTa. Zegli 1913 wels gamosca s.
kakabaZem. `kaTalikozTa samarTlis wigni XVI s. dasavleT saqarTvelos
uflebrivi da socialuri mdgomareobis Sesaswavlad mniSvnelovani Zeglia~48.
meoTxe
kreba
saqarTvelos
eklesiisa,
romelsac
ganixilavs
iv.
javaxiSvili, warmoadgens 1767-68 wlebis krebis ganCinebas, romelic 1768 wels
daumtkicebiaT erekle mefesa da anton kaTalikozs. es ganCineba yovel

episkoposs unda waekiTxa Tavisi samwysos saydrebSi, Sedgeba 13 muxlisagan,

gamosca T. Jordaniam. kreba saeklesio sakiTxebis garda, zogierTi arajansaRi
xalxuri wesis da sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulis aRmosafxvreladaa
gamiznuli.
qarTul saeklesio samarTls mravalsaukunovani istoria aqvs, Tumca mis
Seswavlas mxolod XX s-is dasawyisSi Cauyara safuZveli ivane javaxiSvilma.
man gamoikvlia, rom qarTul eklesias ZvelTaganve hqonda Tavisi sasamarTlo,
Tavisi ekonomikuri politika, hyavda sakuTari jari, Tavisi ymebi, amasTanave,
rac CvenTvis sainteresoa, `moepoveboda saxelmwifo marTva-gamgeobis wesebze
mowyobili moxeleoba, da amitom bevris mxriT saxelmwifoebrivi sxeulis
Tvisebebi etyoboda... am
mxriv qarTuli saeklesio samarTali romis
kaTolikeTa eklesiis `Corpus iuris canonici~-s ufro miagavs, vidre berZenTa da
rusTa saeklesio samarTals. aseve, msgavsad amisa, qarTuli eklesia Tavis
wes-wyobilebis bevri TvisebiT ufro romis saSualo saukuneebis eklesias
miagavda, vidre erTmorwmune berZenTa da rusTa eklesiebs~49.
ivane javaxiSvili garkveviT wers, rom sarwmunoebrivi aRmsareblobiT
qarTuli eklesia mudamJams marTlmadidebluri iyo da `erTmorwmune~, anu
Tanamorwmune berZnuli da rusuli eklesiebisa, amitomac mis saeklesio
samarTals safuZvlad edo msoflio eklesiis Sesabamisi samarTali,
dadgenilni msoflio krebebisa da sxva samarTlebrivi institutebis mier,
magram igi (saqarTvelos eklesia), viTarca `saxelmwifo cxovrebasa da weswyobilebaSi gansakuTrebuli upiratesobis mqone~ erTeuli ara mxolod
saeklesio dawesebuleba iyo, aramed TavisTavadi saxelmwifoebrivi sxeulic.
amitom misi samarTali ufro rTuli Sesaswavlia, vidre erTmorwmune rusuli
da berZnuli eklesiebisa. ivane javaxiSvilis Tanaxmad, qarTuli eklesiis
aRniSnul ufleba-upiratesobaTa Sesaxeb cnobebis miReba mxolod sigelgujrebidan SeiZleba. am sabuTebSi mravali cnoba exeba saqarTvelos eklesiis
kaTalikos-patriarqebis mier centraluri sasamarTlos organizacias50.
Sesabamisad, rogorc aRiniSna, ivane javaxiSvilis kvlevis Tanaxmad,
saqarTvelos eklesias Tavisi marTva-gamgeoba mowyobili hqonda `saxelmwifo
marTva-gamgeobis wesebze~51.
qarTuli
samarTlis
wyaroebis
mimoxilvisas,
iv.
javaxiSvili
Tavdapirvelad ixilavs msoflio krebebis kanonmdeblobas, miaCnia, rom
saqarTveloSi moqmedi kanonmdebloba iyo msoflio eklesiis krebebis
kanonmdeblobani
da
berZnuli
sjuliskanoni,
`didi
sjuliskanoni~
upirvelesad, romelic ukve IX-X saukuneebSi qarTuladac unda yofiliyo
naTargmni, arsen iyalToelma igi xelaxla Targmna52.
ruis-urbnisis krebas arsen iyalToelis naTargmni sjuliskanonisagan
srulebiT gansxvavebuli redaqcia hqonia53. iv. javaxiSvils gamokvleuli aqvs,
rom ruis-urbnisis krebis dadgenilebiT qarTuli eklesiis mier cnobili iyo
`didisa klimentosis mier~ dawerili mociqulTa `kanonni saeklesioni~, Svidi
msoflio kreba (nikeisa, konstantinopolisa, efesoisa, qalkidonisa, 2
konstantinopolisa, samefosa palatisa gumbadsa Sina momxdari e.w. trulisa, 2
nikeisa), eqvsi adgilobiTi kreba (ankviriisa,
Rangrisa,
antioqiisa,
laodikiisa, frigiisa, karTa-genisa), 8 ganTqmul mamaTa mier ganCinebulni da
TanaaRricxulni kanonni da kanoniani epistoleebi petre aleqsandrielisa,

grigol neokesarielisa, basili didisa, diodoresa, grigol xucisa,

xorepiskoposTa, queSeTTa episkoposTa da amfiloqesa mimarT, grigol
noselisa, timoTe aleqsandrielisa, filoTeos aleqsandrielisa RvTis
gamocxadebisaTvis, avginosi, agaTonisa minais episkoposTa mimarT, kvirile
aleqsandrielisa da gennadi konstantinopolelisa~54. arseni iyalToels
`didi sjuliskanoni~ xelaxla uTargmnia swored im mizeziT, rom ruisurbnisis krebas sxva redaqcia hqonia xelT55. ivane javaxiSvili Semdgom
paragrafSi ixilavs eqvTime mTawmindelis naSromebsa da saredaqcio muSaobas
am sferoSi. adgilobrivi krebebis ganxilvis Semdeg, exeba saqarTvelos
eklesiis upiratesobaTa simtkicis wignebs. ixilavs saqarTvelos eklesiis
uzenaesi saWeTmpyroblis gansakuTrebul uflebebs sakuTari jaris yolisa,
laSqar-nadirobaSi gancalkevebuli samxedro erTeulis saxiT monawileobis
uflebas da miaCnia, rom es ufleba eklesias miuRia daviT aRmaSeneblisa da
Tamaris Semdeg56.
monastris wes-gangebaTa ganxilvis Semdeg, ivane javaxiSvili ganixilavs
saero kanonmdeblobis Zeglebs, romlebSic mravali sakiTxi exeba saeklesio
samarTals: a) garigeba xelmwifis karisa, b) wesi da gangeba mefeTa
kurTxevisa, g) `dasturlamali~. `bagrat kurapalatis samarTlis wignis
nawyvetis~ ganxilvis dros mecnieri miiCnevs, rom bagrat kurapalatis
samarTlis wignidan aris Setanili aRbuRas kanonebSi zogierTi muxli,
magaliTad, `...meore mefe episkoposi aris da qristianeTa sjulisa
damamtkicebeli~57, aRniSnavs, rom, rogorc beqas kanonebSi, ise sakuTriv
aRbuRas kanonebSi arsad mefe moxseniebuli ar aris, yovelTvis patron
aTabagzea saubari57. iv. javaxiSvili aRniSnavs, rom zogierTi muxlis
Sinaarsi beqa-aRbuRas droindel sazogadoebriv viTarebas ar Seesabameba, aq
episkoposi da, sazogadod, samRvdeloeba srul batonad aris gamoyvanili, maT
winaaRmdeg mefe uZluria, araferi ar SeuZlian... amitom es samive muxli (101,
102, 103 kanoni) iseT xanas unda ekuTvnodes, roca samRvdeloeba saqarTveloSi,
sruli batoni iyo da saero mTavrobaze maRla eWira Tavi, ese igi daviT
aRmaSeneblis uwinaresi xanisa unda iyos. swored am dros iyvnen monazonebi
batonad da mTavris mowvevis baraTze pasuxad SeeZloT SeeTvalaT, bers
SenTan `ara hnebavs mosvlao~... am dros beri-arqimandriti iyo imdenad Zlieri,
rom Tavisuflad mefes satrfos arTmevda, monasterSi hketavda. aseT xanas
daadgendnen: `rac unda Sescodos episkoposma, moZRvarma, mRvdelma, Tu
monazonma mefeso, mainc xeli ar axloTo, imitom rom, meore mefe episkoposi
aris... arca mefesa sjulisa saqme aqvso~58. iv. javaxiSvili daaskvnis aRbuRas
kanonebis 101, 102, 103 muxlebis mimarT _ `erTi sityviT, TviT am kanonebis
Sinaarsi gviCvenebs, rom isini TiTqos ufro IX saukunis sazogadoebrivi
ganwyobilebis gamomxatvelia..... kanonTa es muxlebi TiTqos ufro bagrat I
kurapalatis droindelad gamodis~59.
ivane javaxiSvili ganixilavs sakanonmdeblo krebis muSaobas, romelmac
gamosca `Zeglis dadeba~ giorgi brwyinvalisa: `sakanonmdeblo krebas es
Zegli ramdenime mTavar nawilad dauyvia~60. da am sakanonmdeblo krebas
Zeglis dadebis Sedgenis dros saqarTveloSi arsebuli kanonmdeblobiT unda
exelmZRvanela. `sakanonmdeblo krebis wevrT xelT marto qarTuli samarTlis
Sesaxebi cnoba ki ar moepoveboda, aramed imis gamokvlevac SeeZlo, Tu ama Tu

im sakiTxze ucxo qveynis samarTlis wignebSi ra ewera, amitom safiqrebelia,

rom mezobel erTa samarTlis Zeglebis dednad Tu naTargmni am drosac
saqarTveloSi unda hqonodaT da angariSi gauweviaT~61.
beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis wignis ganxilvis dros ivane javaxiSvili miiCnevs,
rom aRbuRas Tavis samarTlis wigni sakanonmdeblo krebaze Seudgenia. aTabagamirspasalar aRbuRas am krebaze mouwvevia mawyvereli, Tavisi `biZa-Ze SaSia
da misi Zma safaris moZRvari pafnote, `xuTisave Temisa samcxisa~ taoelTa,
klarjTa, SavSvTa da ueWvelia javaxTa da mesxTa `episkoposni, meudabnoeni~,
warCinebulnic da ufrosi moxelenic, sakanonmdeblo kreba `WolevTa~-s
Seyrila... saWirod ucvnia beqas kanonebisaTvis daematebina axlad gaCenil
danaSaulebaTa dasasjelad gankuTvnili muxlebi~ kerZod, beqas 65 kanons
daerTo 32 muxli.
ivane javaxiSvili Sesabamis paragrafSi ganixilavs vaxtang VI-is
samarTlis wignTa krebulSi beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis boloSi darTul e.w.
`kanonikur samarTals~ da miiCnevs, rom isini SecdomiT aris darTuli62.
rogorc cnobilia kanonikuri samarTlis muxlebs boloSi miwerili aqvs
wyevlaTa formula damnaSavis mimarT - `krul da wyeul, SeCvenebul iyvn~,
amasTanave, zogierTi misi muxli emsgavseba, zogjer ki mTlianad imeorebs
beqasa Tu aRbuRas samarTlis muxlebs. amis gamo isini miCneul iqna
dauTariRebel kanonebad, romelTa `sadaurobis gamokvleva da daTariReba
Cveni mecnierebis morig sakiTxad unda iqnas miCneuli~63. amasTanave, rogorc
ivane javaxiSvili aRniSnavs, misi kanonebi `wyevla-krulviTa da nawilobriv
sasjelTa simkacriT mxolod kaTalikozTa samarTlis wigns uaxlovdeba~63.
Cven amave naSromSi gamovTqviT mosazreba, rom aRbuRam Wulevis monasterSi
moiwvia saeklesio kreba - saxelmwifo darbazi, romelsac gansaxilvelad da
dasamtkiceblad gadasca iqamde mis mierve Sedgenili e.w. `aRbuRas
samarTali~,
agreTve
amave
krebas
dasamtkiceblad,
Zveli
simtkicis
gansaaxleblad gadasca misi uSualo winapris, `beqas samarTali~ da uZvelesi
`bagrat kurapalatis samarTali~. samive es wigni krebam daamtkica da zed
daurTo e.w. `kanonikuri samarTali~ Tavisi wyevlaTa formuliT. saeklesio
krebas, rogorc sxva krebaTa masalebSic Cans, aseTi ufleba hqonda.
maSasadame, e.w. `kanonikuri samarTali~ warmoadgens Wulevis saeklesio
sakanonmdeblo krebis mier gamocemul kanonebs, romelic Tan daerTo krebis
mierve damtkicebul beqas, aRbuRas da bagrat kurapalatis kanonebs. maTi da
kanonikuri samarTlis erTiani numeraciac miuTiTebs, rom aseTi mosazreba
hqonda vaxtang VI-is komisiasac, romelmac gamosca vaxtangis samarTlis
wignTa krebuli.
vaxtang VI-is samarTlis wignTa krebulis ganxilvis dros ivane
javaxiSvili mimoixilavs XVIII saukunes: `swored gasaocari xana iyo es xana,
aseTi dauRalavi, medgari muSaoba, romelsac erTi sazogado mimarTuleba
hqonda da farTo da Rrma niadagi epyra, uflebas gvaZlevs qarTuli
mwerlobis am xanas enciklopediuri xana davarqvaT saxelad. TiTqmis yvela
amdroindel moRvawes azri da goneba im fiqrisken iyo mimarTuli, rom
qarTveli xalxis SemoqmedebiTi niWis mravali saukunis namuSevari da
naWirnaxulevi SeekribaT, SeeswavlaT da CamomavlobisaTvis, damTavrebuli,
yovelmxrivi warmodgena da cnoba gardaecaT. am diadi saqmis moTaved da
sulis Camdgmelad giorgi XI da metadre didebuli, dauviwyari vaxtang VI

iyo. man Sekriba Cveni qveynis warsulisa da matianeebis daxelovnebuli

mcodne pirebi, maTi daxmarebiT saistorio masalebs erTad Tavi mouyara,
Zveli Seavso da Seaswora. manve Seagrova qarTuli samarTlis Zveli naSTebi,
Zeglebi da samarTlis wignebis kodiko Seadgina, manve gamgeobisa da
moxeleobis Sesaxebi masalebi Seagrova da erTi qarTuli saxelmwifo
samarTlis wigni `dasturlamali~ Seadgina~64. vaxtang VI-m Sekriba qarTuli
Zveli samarTlis wignebi, `kaTalikozisa da mefis giorgisa da beqas
ganCinebuli samarTlebi~, zed daurTo `dabadebisa moses mier qmnilni
samarTalni da kualad berZenTa da somexTa wignTagan gardmoTargmnilni~. am
Sromis Semdeg man didebulTa samRvdeloebisa da moxeleebis TandaswrebiT
`darbazis erTa, WkuaTa myofelTa da moxucebulTa kacTa~ TanamSromlobiT
axali samarTlis wigni Seadgina, `romelsa zeda mowmoba darTes erTa CvenTa
srulobiT saRmrToTa da gina samxedroTa, brZenman da monaxulman yovelmanve
erTbamaT~65.
am wignis `berZnulidan naTargmni kanonebis Sesaxeb TavianTi azri akad.
brosesagan moyolebuli bevr mecniers aqvs gamoTqmuli... v. sokolskis
monografiaSi `Uhtrj_hbvcrjt ghfdj d ekj;tybb uhepbycrjuj wfhz Df[nfyufVI~66
gamoTqmuli azriT, vaxtangis kodikoSi Setanili `berZnuli samarTlis wigni~
blastaris sintagmis Semoklebas warmoadgens armenopulosa da sxva
wyaroebiTgan Sevsebuls67.
ivane javaxiSvili aRniSnavs, `samarTlis istoriisaTvis Zvirfasi cnobebi
metadre sigel-gujrebSi aris Senaxuli. swored daufasebeli ganZia es
ukanaskneli wyaro imitom, rom igi moqmedi samarTlis viTarebas gvisuraTebs
da piruTvnel sabuTs warmoadgens~68.
iv. javaxiSvilis azriT, eklesias hqonda sagadasaxado Seuvaloba
nawilobriv, magram saqarTvelos eklesias hqonda sasamarTlo Seuvalobis
uflebac da misi ymebi mxolod saeklesio sasamarTlos emorCilebodnen69.
ivane javaxiSvili Tavisi samarTlis istoriis meore wignis meore
nakveTis mesame Tavs mTlianad uZRvnis eklesias. ganxiluli aqvs eklesiis
msaxurTa ufleba-movaleobani, ixilavs eklesiis msaxurTagan xelisuflebis
miRebis wess, qristianobisa da samonastro moZraobis Tavdapirvel idealebs
sakuTrebisa
da
Sromis
problemisaTvis,
udabnoebsa
da
monastrebs,
monastrebis pirad Semadgenlobasa da mis ufleba-movaleobas, exeba giorgi
mTawmindelis
mcdelobas
eklesiaSi
demokratiuli
wes-wyobilebis
dasamyareblad,
monastrebSi
wes-wyobilebis
monarqiuli
principis
70
respublikuri wesiT Secvlas ; monasterSi qonebisa da Sromis problemas,
imave problemas eriskacTa Soris71.
rogorc zemoT aRniSnulidan Cans, ivane javaxiSvili sagangebod
ganixilavs saqarTvelos sul oTx saeklesio sakanonmdeblo krebas. korneli
kekeliZe ki ganixilavs Semdeg krebebs saqarTvelos eklesiisas: ruis-urbnisis
krebas (1103 w.), romelmac gamosca `Zegliswera~, da XVI s-is krebas, romelmac
`sakaTalikozo kanonebi~ gamosca imereTSi. agreTve, exeba 1748 wlis, 1755 wlis
16 dekembris, 1756 wlis 4 aprilis krebebs da 1762 wels mowveul krebas.
k. kekeliZe sagangebod Seexo saeklesio kanonikas Tavis wignSi `Zveli
qarTuli literaturis istoria~. k. kekeliZis azriT, X saukunis bolomde
qarTuli saeklesio-iuridiuli mwerloba, am sityvis namdvili mniSvnelobiT,

ar arsebobda72, magram saeklesio kanonikis cnobili mkvlevaris, vl.

beneSeviCis azriT, X saukuneSi qarTul enaze ukve arsebobda didi, anu 14titlovani sjuliskanoni foti patriarqisa73. am azrs iziarebs iv.
javaxiSvili
Tavis
`qarTuli
samarTlis
istoriaSi~74.
k.
kekeliZe
gamowvlilviT ixilavs aRniSnul mecnierTa argumentebsa da uaryofs maT.
misi azriT, didi sjuliskanoni qarTulad iTargmna ruis-urbnisis krebis
Semdeg75, arsen iyalToelis mier, romelic Semdeg SeuvsiaT sxvadasxva
statiiT.
k. kekeliZis azriT, saerTod, kanonikuri krebulebis TargmnisaTvis
pirvelad CvenSi xeli moukidia eqvTime aTonels. praqtikulad, yoveldRiuri
saWiroebisaTvis, redaqciis cotaodeni cvlilebiT, qarTul sinamdvilesTan
SefardebiT.
k. kekeliZe ikvlevs, rom bizantiaSi eklesiis yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi
saxelmZRvanelod
adgendnen
sxvadasxva
patara
krebuls,
praqtikuli
moTxovnilebebisaTvis, zogierTi aseTi krebuli qarTuladac uTargmniaT.
k. kekeliZe ikvlevs, rom saqarTvelos eklesia Tavis marTva-gamgeobaSi
xelmZRvanelobda agreTve saeklesio, adgilobrivi kanonmdeblobiT, romlis
organod da wyarod iTvleboda: a) kerZo pirTa ganmartebani; b) kaTalikospatriarqTa epistoleni; g) samoqalaqo xasiaTis iuridiuli kodeqsebi; d)
qarTul adgilobriv krebaTa dadgenilebani. kerZo pirTa ganmartebebTan
dakavSirebiT, romelic gamoiyeneboda saqarTvelos eklesiis adgilobrivi
kanonmdeblobis wyarod, k. kekeliZe wers, rom rodesac wamoiWreboda
romelime gadauWreli sakiTxi an problema, qarTuli eklesia mimarTavda
saberZneTis praqtikas, risTvisac sazRvargareTis qarTuli monastris
warmomadgenlebs sTxovdnen Sesabamis ganmartebas. magaliTad, giorgi
Wyondidels miumarTavs eqvTime aTonelisaTvis, romelsac Sesabamisi pasuxi
da ganmartebani Seudgenia76.
meore
wyaros,
k.
kekeliZis
azriT,
saqarTvelos
saeklesio
kanonmdeblobisa
warmoadgenda
`kanonikuri
epistoleebi~.
Cvenamde
SemorCenilia mxolod erTi, kaTalikos anton pirvelisa, romelic gamoucia
1767 wels. es epistole Seicavs 15 muxls. k. kekeliZis azriT, `kanonikuri
epistoles~
xasiaTi aqvs im `sasjulo mcnebas~, romelic XV s-Si miucia
antioqiel-ierusalimel patriarqs mixails ioakime bedielisaTvis afxazeTis
kaTalikosad dadginebis gamo77.
samoqalaqo
xasiaTis
iuridiuli
dokumentebidan,
romelnic
warmoadgendnen wyaros saqarTvelos eklesiis adgilobriv kanonmdeblobisa, k.
kekeliZe miakuTvnebs giorgi brwyinvales Zeglisdebas da beqa-aRbuRas
samarTals, Tumca mxolod nawilobrivad, radganac isini mainc samoqalaqo
kanonmdeblobis
kodeqsebs
warmoadgens
da
saeklesio
samarTlis
istoriisaTvis mniSvnelovania imdenad,
ramdenadac maTSi alag-alag
laparakia eklesiisa da mis msaxurTa Sesaxebac. amave wres miakuTvnebs k.
kekeliZe `xelmwifis karis garigebas~. maTSi saeklesio instituti sakmaod
reliefuradaa warmodgenili, magaliTad, Wyondideli da moZRvarTmoZRvari:
`saeklesio da sasuliero saqmeebis gamge, am ZegliT aris Wyondideli,
gelaTis monastris garda yvela saydari, eklesia da monasteri, xucesi,
monazoni da saeklesio dasni misi saxeloisani iyvnen. vezirTa Soris mas

pirveli adgili ukavia. aq moxsenebuli arian mcxeTisa da afxazeTis

kaTalikosi da episkoposebi: quTaTeli, bedieli, iSxneli, mawyvereli, anCeli
da golgoTeli, da ara Tu ubralod arian moxsenebulni, maTi ierarqiuli
upiratesobac aris aRniSnuli. maT Soris yvelaze meti pativi iSxnelsa da
quTaTels
aqvs.
am
muxlSi
es
Zegli
SesamCnevad
gansxvavdeba
im
dokumentebisagan, romelsac ewodeba `wesi da gangeba kurTxevisaTvis mefisa
Tu
viTar
dasxden
mRvdelmTavarni
sruliad
saqarTvelosni~
an
`aRsavalTaTvis samRvdelmoZRvaroTa saydarTa~, romelic `karis garigebis~
Semdeg unda iyos Sedgenili. sakmaod vrcladaa `karis garigebaSi~ laparaki
`moZRvarTmoZRvris~
Sesaxeb.
is
yovelTvis
pirvelad
ixsenieba
oTx
didxarisxovan berTa an monazonTa Soris, romlebic arian: moZRvarTmoZRvari,
Wyondideli da kaTalikosni qarTlisa da afxazeTisa. mas meti pativi aqvs,
Tumca is ubralo episkoposia, vidre kaTalikosebs. pativi misi zogjer
Wyondidelis
pativsac
aWarbebs.
mefe
darbazSi
mas
gansakuTrebuli
yuradRebiT epyroba~78.
ruis-urbnisis krebis dadgenileba, romelsac ewodeba `Zegliswera wmidisa
da RvTivSekrebulisa krebisa~, k. kekeliZis TvalsazrisiT, Seicavs sam nawils:
1. prologs an Sesavals, romelSic gaTvaliswinebulia eklesiis daarseba
sazogadod da saqarTveloSic, kerZod, msoflio da adgilobriv krebaTa
sakanonmdeblo moqmedeba da maT msgavsad am ruis-urbnisis krebis mowveva; 2.
ruis-urbnisis krebis kanonmdeblobas da 3. sinodikons, romelSic redaqtori
eubneba cocxlebs (mefe-dedoflebs, kaTalikos-mRvdelmTavrebs da cnobil
sasuliero moRvaweebs) `mravalJamiers~, xolo micvalebulebs - `saukuno
xsenebas~.
`Zegliswera~ k. kekeliZes TvalsazrisiT, Sedgenilia arsen beris mier.
krebas `dausxams~ da daudgenia 15 kanoni: 1. uRirs mRvdelmTavarTa gankveTis
aucilebloba; 2. asaki xeldasxmaTa da dro maTi xeldasxmisa; 3. giorgi
mTawmidelis `kurTxevanis~ sanqcia; 4. e.w. simonia an xeldasxmisaTvis qrTamis
micema; 5. samRvdeloTa WurWelTa da eklesiisadmi SewirulTa siwmideTa,
Tvinier maTi daniSnulebisa, moxmarebis dauSvebloba; 6. gvirgvinis kurTxeva;
7. asaki dasaqorwinebelTa; 8. ierarqiul pirTa jerovani momzadeba; 9.
monastrebis moZRvrebisaTvis, maTi ricxvi da xarisxi; 10. monastrebSi
vaWrobis uadgiloba; 11. sad, rogor da rodis unda sruldebodes
micvalebulTa da cocxalTa mosaxsenebeli Jamiswirva da locva; 12.
marTlmadideblebad momavalni somexni unda naTelRebul iqnen, viTarca
warmarTni; 13. marTlmadidebelTa da warmarTTa SeuRleba akrZalulia; 14.
kidiskide ara erTgan kurTxeva gvirgvinisa dauSvebelia; 15. sodomis codvis
Sesaxeb.
`Zegliswera~ metad sayuradRebo naSTia qarTuli iuridiuli mwerlobisa,
masSi
aRibeWda
sazogado
saeklesio-iuridiuli
normebi
(uTiTebs
n.
79
urbnels ).
k. kekeliZe ganixilavs `sakaTalikoso kanonebs~, anu `samarTals
kaTalikosisa~ da miiCnevs, rom igi aris 1543-1549 wlebSi qarTlis kaTalikos
malaqias
da afxazeTis kaTalikosis evdemon I CxetiZis dros imereTis
saeklesio krebis mier gamocemuli kanonebi, romelnic damyarebuli yofila
`sjuliskanonze~. k. kekeliZis TqmiT, esaa `didi sjuliskanoni~. am Zeglidan
Cans, rom saeklesio samarTlis iurisdiqcias CvenSi am dros eqvemdebareboda

sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulebani zogierT SemTxvevaSi (uTiTebs n.

urbnels80).
k. kekeliZis TvalsazrisiT, `sigel-gujrebs didi mniSvneloba aqvs
eklesiisa da saxelmwifos urTierTSoris damokidebulebis gaSuqebisaTvis,
saeklesio
samarTlis,
mflobelobisa
da
baton-patronobis
gasaTvaliswineblad. isini xSirad Seicaven mTel kanonmdeblobiT kodeqss
eklesiis saqmeTa gamo. magaliTad, biWvinTis gujari. maTi dawvrilebiTi,
mecnieruli
Seswavla
Cven
warmogvidgens
saeklesio-samoqalaqo
81
kanonmdeblobis mTlian suraTs~ .
k. kekeliZe, Tavis cnobil naSromSi `kanonikuri wyobileba Zvel
saqarTveloSi~82
gamoTqvams
mniSvnelovan
mosazrebebs,
romelic
Camoyalibebulia daskvnebis saxiT:
1.
vaxtang
gorgaslamde
iberiis
eklesia
warmoadgenda
erT
administraciul organizms, romelsac ganagebda erTi mwyemsmTavari.
2. eparqialuri mRvdelmTavris garda, Zvel iberiaSi cnobili iyo agreTve
instituti
`mefis
saxlis~
episkopozisa,
romelsac
administraciuli
funqciebi ar unda hqonoda.
3. Tavdapirvelad iberiaSi umaRlesi ierarqiuli postebi ekavaT rogorc
qarTvelebs, ise berZnebs, sirielebsa da somxebs; nacionalizacia ierarqiisa
mxolod VI saukunis gasulisaTvis Cans damTavrebulad.
4. vaxtang gorgasalma iveriis eklesia 467 wels dayo 13 eparqiad; aman
gamoiwvia eklesiis saWeTmpyroblisaTvis kaTolikozis titulis SemoReba,
Tumca am tituls misi matareblis saeklesiaTaSoriso mdgomareobaSi
araviTari cvlileba ar mouxdenia.
5. mefobis gauqmebis Semdeg iberiaSi kaTolikozis kandidats iZleva ori
saxli an gvari, romelTagan erTi unda iyos elinofiluri partiisa, xolo
meore sparsofiluris warmomadgeneli.
6. iberiis eklesia Tavdapirvelad mtkice kavSirSi imyofeboda somexTa
eklesiasTan.
7. 609 wels iberiis eklesiam gawyvita kavSiri somxis eklesiasTan, erTerTi mTavari motivi amisa iyo kirion kaTolikozis mier bizantiaSi
SeTvisebuli pentarqiuli Teoria.
8. somexTagan ganSorebis Semdeg iberiis eklesia, pentarqiuli Teoriis
karnaxiT, daeqvemdebara antioqiis sapatriarqos.
9. damokidebuleba antioqiis sapatriarqoze, romelmac VII saukunidanve
nominaluri xasiaTi miiRo, sabolood Sewyda XI saukunis naxevarSi, rodesac
saqarTvelo gaerTianda da Zlier saxelmwifod iqca.
10. dasavleT saqarTvelos, afxazeTis, sakaTalikozo faqtiurad yalibdeba
X saukunis II naxevridan, rodesac moxda likvidacia aq arsebulis lazikis
berZnuli mitropoliisa da abazgiis avtokefaluri arqiepiskopiisa.
11. afxazeTisa da mcxeTis kaTolikozebi iyvnen sworuflebiani gamgeni
TavianTi samwysosa, xolo urTierTdamokidebulebaSi mcxeTis kaTolikozs,
rogorc sataxto qalaqsa da `mefeTa-mefis~ ierarqs, miniWebuli hqonda
upiratesoba pativisa83.
saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebs did adgils uTmobs mRvdeli polievqtos
karbelaSvili Tavis wignSi `ierarqia saqarTvelos eklesiisa, kaTalikosni da
mRvdel-mTavarni~ (Tbilisi, 1900). polievqtos karbelaSvili saqarTvelos

eklesiis istoriis mniSvnelovani mkvlevaria, yovel SemTxvevaSi, maT Soris,

romelTac saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria sagangebod ukvleviaT. samwuxarod,
ratomRac misi saxeli miiCqmala. zemoaRniSnuli wigni warmoadgenda k.
kekeliZis samagido wigns, mravaljer uTiTebs Tavis `qarTuli literaturis
istoriaSi~. am wigns kargad icnobda ivane javaxiSvili da polievqtos
karbelaSvilis zogierT daskvnas iRebda mTlianad, yovelgvari kritikis
gareSe
(magaliTad,
p.
karbelaSvilis
Tvalsazrisi,
rom
mcxeTasTan
dakavSirebiT aTabagebis `ugunurma~ saeklesio politikam sabolood xeli
Seuwyo mesxeTis swraf gamahmadianebas). p. karbelaSvilis mier ganxiluli
krebebis gadmocemamde ganvixiloT misi zogierTi saintereso mosazreba
samarTlis sferoSi.
p. karbelaSvilis TqmiT, mociqulTa swori wm. bagrati, romelsac eklesia
9 Tebervals da 9 ivliss ixseniebs, iyo mTavari kapadokieli da, maSasadame,
qarTveli da igi moaqcia petre mociqulma. bagratma iqadaga italiaSi, I
saukuneSi. misive TqmiT, qarTvelebi (kapadokielebi) iyvnen SavizRvispira
kaTedrebis pirveli mRvdelmTavrebi: andria mociqulis mowafe filologi
(sinopis kaTedra),
foti (trapizoneli), meleti, ipati, stratofilosi,
epaciani da sxvani. misive azriT, imperatorma traianem kolxeTSi (kerZod,
klarjeTSi) gamoaZeva (gadmoasaxla) romis episkoposi, petre mociqulis
mowafe, klimentiosi da, agreTve, pontoeli (kapadokieli) episkoposi palmosi,
warmoSobiT
qarTveli,
romlis
Svili,
fazisis
episkoposi
markioni
mwvalebeli iyo. markioni SendobisaTvis misula romis pap anikitesTan84. p.
karbelaSvilis TqmiT,
wm. giorgi iyo wm. ninos biZaSvili. saqarTvelos
pirveli episkoposi ioane warmoSobiT iyo qarTveli (kapadokieli), igi Cveni
eklesiis ierarqi yofila 318 wlidan. maSasadame, Cveni eklesia daarsda, anu
eri moiqca 318 wels. mtkvris piras dResac mdgari Zveli OoTxkuTa Senoba
imJamindel `mTavarTa sanaTlavs~ warmoadgenda. matianeebSi moxmobili `zemo
saydari~ - axlandeli dedaTa monasteria samTavroisa. mcxeTis `samirones~
(kvarTze aRmarTul nagebobas) p. karbelaSvilis dros hqonia vercxlis kari
mefe mirianis, viTarca wmidanis gamoqandakebiT. karbelaSvilis TqmiT, ioane
mTavarepiskoposobda 318-327 wlebSi. mis dros mirian mefem imogzaura
ierusalimSi, iq mirianma aaSena jvris monasteri, romelic X s-is damlevs
ganaaxla berma proxorem, igi XIX s-mde qarTvelebs ekuTvnodaT. meore
mTavarepiskoposis, iakobis (328-360) dros qarTul enaze gadmoiTargmna wmida
werili
ebraulidan.
iobi
iyo
episkoposad
360-374
wlebSi,
meoTxe
mTavarepiskoposis elias (375-394) dros mirdat mefem aaSena bolnisis taZari,
romelSic wirva-locva gauqmda rusebis mmarTvelobis dros, 1809 wels.
simeonis dros (395-411) Seipyres da baRdadSi awames sparselebma mirdat mefe.
ionas (412-415) dros daiSala mirianis mier aSenebuli xis taZari
sveticxovlisa. TviTon wmida sveti gadausvenebiaT gareubnis (samTavros)
eklesiaSi. karbelaSvilis azriT, glonoqori, igive mobidani anu mobidagea
(432-448) - mTavarepiskoposi, meTauri qarTuli eklesiisa. momdevnom, miqaelma
(449-472) qvebiT Caqola q. dvinSi krebaze antioqiis patriarqi, somexTa
moZRvari petroz mkawvreli. aqedan Cans, rom petroz mkawvreli (petre
fuloni) ar SeiZleboda yofiliyo xeldamsxmeli petre kaTalikosisa,
rogorc fiqrobs zogierTi Tanamedrove istorikosi. p. karbelaSvilis TqmiT,
ierusalimSi iloca vaxtang gorgasalma.

rac Seexeba msoflio saeklesio krebebs, p. karbelaSvilis azriT, maTi

mowvevis saWiroeba warmoSva iman, rom IV s-is dasawyisSi, saxelmwifos mier
qristianobis aRiarebis dros, jer kidev ar iyo romis imperiaSi
`SemuSavebuli da gamorkveuli saRmrTo msaxurebaTa aRsrulebis rigi, ar iyo
dakanonebuli
saqristiano
doRmatni
da
kanon-mdebloba
eklesiaTa
gamgeblobisaTvis.
eklesiis gamgeni xSirad Taviseburad asrulebdnen
eklesiur samsaxursa. Taviseburad esmodaT da xsnidnen saqristiano
doRmatTa. amis gamo mcire aziaSi male iCina Tavi sxvadasxva mwvaleblobam.
amitom saWiro Seiqmna msoflio krebaTa mowveva `ganmarTvad saqristiano da
saeklesio wesTa~85. `sul Svidi msoflio kreba moxda: 1) nikiisa 325 w; 2)
konstantinopolisa 381 w; 3) efesoSi 431 w; 4) xalkidonisa 451 w; 5)
konstantinopolisa II 553 w; 6) konstantinopolisa III 680 w. da 7) nikiisa II,
787 w.86. aRsaniSnavia, rom p. karbelaSvili V s-is qarTvel petre ibers,
maiumels wmidanad moixseniebs3. mohyavs sabuTi, romliTac, misi azriT,
mtkicdeba, rom mefe mirianis dros qarTul enaze `iswavleboda da
imoZRvreboda qarTveli eri da mTavar-episkoposni da mRvdelni kapadukielni
iyvnen qarTuli enis kargi mcodneni~87. amitom petre qarTvelis mier
ierusalimSi daarsebuli qarTuli monastrebi `savseni ber-monazvnebiT~
qarTul enaze aRasrulebdnen RvTismsaxurebas. isini modiodnen `samSobloSi
da Tan mohqondaT qristianobis da erovnuli grZnobis ganmamtkicebeli
swavla-moZRvreba da saeklesio wignni da arigebdnen eklesiebSi, sadac
saWiro iyo~88.
saqarTveloSi saeklesio samarTlis Sesaxeb p. karbelaSvili gamoTqvams
Semdeg mosazrebas: `kaTalikozs mieca taxtad sveticxovlis taZari,
iwodeboda
kaTalikozad
mcxeTisa
da
iveriisa
TiTqmis
1400
wlis
ganmavlobaSi...
kaTalikoz-patriarqi
mcxeTidan
Tavisuflad
ganagebda
saqarTvelos saeklesio saqmeebsa da angariSs aravis aZlevda. kaTalikozis
xelqveiTTa-morCilTa Seqmnes samefo samefoSi, rogorc Cans, Zvel sigelgujrebidan da vaxtang VI_is samarTlis wignidan, im saxiTve, rogorc
feodalebma dasavleT evropaSi. kaTalikozi iTvleboda sulier mefed
qveynisa. mefe da kaTalikozi erTnairi pativiTa da uflebiT sargeblobdnen.
Seuracxyofa kaTalikozisa udrida mefis Seuracxyofas. misi Semdegi
ierarqiis sasulierno wevrni gaTanasworebulni iyvnen saero ierarqiis
wevrebTan~1.
p. karbelaSvilis TvalsazrisiT qveynis maRali fenis sagvareuloebi
cdilobdnen TavianT ojaxs da sagvareulos gamoezarda Tavisi wiaRidan erTi
sasuliero piri mainc: `kaTalikozni, mRvdel-mTavarni da sxvani sasuliero
warCinebulni pirni STamomavlobiT ufro xSirad samefo da didebulTa
gvarisani iyvnen da igini pataraobidanve Sesaferis aRzrdasa da ganaTlebas
iRebdnen xolme. yoveli SeZlebuli sagvareulo cdaSi iyo, rom Tavisi
saxlidan erTi mwirvel-mlocveli da RvTis mavedrebeli hyoloda saydarSi.
amitom TiToeuli sagvareulo sakuTar saydars iSenebda da swiravda
SeZlebasa da gvarad uZrav-moZrav qonebasa, romlis SemosavliTac uzrunvelyofiliyvnen saydari da `saydris Svilni~ (samRvdeloni) momavalSi~2. amis
gamo `eklesia samRvdeloebianad Seiqmna didi mamul-dedulis da mTabaris
patroni~2. 1498-1559 w-is saeklesio gujrebSi eklesias ekuTvnoda 237 sofeli

glexebiT da aznaurebiT. kaTalikosis dawesebuli mouravebi krebdnen

saeklesio gadasaxads (maxta, kuluxi) - fuliT da mosavliT. p. karbelaSvili
miiCnevs, rom samefo gadasaxads isini aRar ixdidnen `samefo gadasaxadis
samagierod~90. kaTalikozs ekuTvnoda samefoSi arsebuli zogierTi sabaJo,
samRebro da saTevzao adgilebi mtkvarze, alazanze, xramsa da sxva
mdinareebze.
gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa p. karbelaSvilis mosazreba, rom saeklesio
soflebSi rogorc sisxlis, ise samoqalaqo samarTlis sferos ganagebda ara
saero xelisufleba, aramed saeklesio. sasuliero wodebis samarTlis sferos
gavlenis sferoSi Sedioda ara mxolod saeklesio soflebi, aramed qveynis
danarCeni mosaxleobac - `saeklesio soflebSi samarTali da msjavri,
samoqalaqo da sasisxlo saqmeebi irCeodnen kaTalikozisagan, anu misis
davalebiT romelime sasuliero pirisagan. danarCeni samefo da warCinebulTa
saymonic ver icilebdnen Tavidan sasuliero wodebis samarTalsa da
gavlenasa~91.
saqarTvelos eklesiis kanonmdeblobis Sesaxeb p. karbelaSvili wers `samRvdeloebam Sehqmna sakuTari kanonmdebloba, SemuSavebuli mRvdelmTavarTa krebaTa mier erovnul niadagzed~91.
p. karbelaSvili, iseve rogorc Semdeg iv. javaxiSvili, saqarTvelos
eklesiis iurisdiqciis saxes adarebs dasavleT evropisas, igi wers `gaZlierda da gavrcelda saero xasiaTi sasuliero wodebisa, amis ganmarteba
unda veZeboT xalxis gadaWarbebul sarwmunoebriv midrekilebaSi, rogorc
erTxel dasavleT evropaSi iyo~91. e.i. p. karbelaSvilis azriT, saqarTvelos
sasuliero
wodebas
hqonda
agreTve
saero,
saqveyno
mmarTvelobaze
xelmwifeba, aseve iyo dasavleT evropaSi, ufro metad pirvel aTaswleulSi.
am msgavsebis mizezad mkvlevars miaCnia qarTvelTa didi sarwmunoebrivi
simxurvale, msgavsad aRniSnul dros dasavleT evropisa. igi aRniSnavs, rom
`saeklesio glexni Tavisufalni iyvnen yoveli saero gadasaxadisagan~91.
sisxlis Tu samoqalaqo danaSaulis dros maRali wodebis pirs danaSauli
epatieboda `jarimis gadaxdis Semdeg sasargeblod eklesiisa~92, bermonazonTa Sesaxeb wers - `igini muqTaT ara sWamdnen sxvis ofliT moyvanil
pursa. dRedaRam swerdnen, sTargmnidnen saWiro wignebsa, mxatvrobiT
amkobdnen wignebsa, eklesiebsa, amSvenebdnen taZrebsa... ebrZodnen mters
samSoblos da sarwmunoebis dasacavad~93.
saeklesio jaris Sesaxeb p. karbelaSvili wers - `kaTalikozsa hyavda
sakuTari mxedroba imave wesrigiT rogorc mefesa. spasalarebs, aTasis Tavs,
asis Tavs da sxva moxeleT TviT kaTalikozi niSnavda. omSi an TviT
kaTalikozi da episkoposni winamZRvrobdnen, an spasalarni, rogorc dro da
garemoeba moiTxovda. calke jarebs agrovebdnen, roca saWiro iyo episkoposni
da monasterTa winamZRvarni da brZolis velze gahyavdaT da maTTan erTad
Rvridnen sisxlsa~94.
mkvlevaris azriT, kaTalikozi petre I (472-510 w.) warmoSobiT iyo
kapadokieli qarTveli, grigol nazianzelis mowafe, iyo qalkedonizmis
erTguli damcveli, ebrZoda monofizit somxebs. daeswro 490-493 wlebis
vaRarSapadis krebas. mohyavs `qarTlis moqcevis~ cnoba, rom VI s-is 50-ian
wlebSi sakaTalikoso taxtze ori `saxlis~, anu sagvareulos wevrebi

cvlidnen erTmaneTs. p. karbelaSvili erT-erT SeniSvnaSi aRniSnavs, rom XVII

saukunis
damdegs
arsebobda
qarTuli
mxedruli
asoebiT
dawerili
sparsulenovani saxareba, romelic saqarTvelos samefo ojaxs ekuTvnoda95.
amave epoqaSi, XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi qarTuli asoebiT werdnen somxurenovan
saxarebebs, agreTve iwereboda Turqulenovani saxarebebic qarTuli asoebiT.
mizezi amisa, rogorc Cven mier aris gamorkveuli, iyo is, rom am epoqaSi
saqarTvelos
saxelmwifoebriobis
daSlisa
da
gauqmebis
kvaldakval,
mimdinareobda
qarTvelTa
denacionalizacia
sxvadasxva
sarwmuneobriv
konfesiaSi gadasvlis gziT, anu Turqebsa da sparselebs miuCneviaT, rom
sakmaod mravalricxovani qarTuli mosaxleoba mesxeTsa da qarTl-kaxeTSi,
TandaTanobiT, etapobrivad SeeyvanaT Turqulenovan da sparsulenovan wiaRSi.
isini Tavdapirvelad, qarTvelebs ar uginebdnen qristianul siwmideebs, magram
eklesiebSi wmida saxarebas asmeninebdnen Turqul da sparsul enebze.
qarTvelebi amiT eCveodnen sparsul da Turqul enebs. aRar aSinebdaT es
samyaro, eTvisebodnen mas, rac sabolood maT asimilacias aadvilebda. amave
mizniT, sparsTa da osmalTa mier waxalisebuli somxurenovani eklesia Tavis
samwysoSi
ierTebda
mravalricxovan
qarTvelobas
saqarTveloSive.
qarTvelebisaTvis eklesiebSi somxurad ikiTxeboda qarTuli asoebiT naweri
wmida saxareba. qarTuli asoebiT sparsuli, Turquli da somxuri saxarebani
iwereboda imis gamo, rom rogorc mrevli, ise samRvdeloeba, qarTvelebi
iyvnen. cxadia, eklesiebSi sparseli da osmalo moxeleebi ar waikiTxavdnen
saxarebas. saxarebas rogorc Turqul, ise sparsul da somxur enebzec,
eTnikurad qarTveli RvTismsaxurebi kiTxulobdnen, da radganac maT werakiTxva icodnen mxolod qarTulad, amitom maTTvis qarTuli asoebiT
iwereboda sparsulenovani, Turqulenovani da somxurenovani locvebi da
saxarebani, anu rogorc mrevli, ise sasuliero wodeba, qarTuli iyo,
ganwirulni sarwmunoebrivi gziTac ki asimilaciisaTvis. mxolod qarTuli
marTlmadidebeli
eklesia
icavda
im
dros
qarTul
nacionalur
TviTSemecnebas, maSasadame, qarTvelobas.
zogierT wreSi amJamad gakvirvebiT aRniSnaven, rom anton I kaTalikozpatriarqis taxtze asvlis dros iyo mxolod 25 wlisa. es asaki gamonaklisi
ar aris. p. karbelaSvilis mier dadgenilia, rom amave asakisa, 25 wlisa iyo
cnobili kirion I (572-598) sakaTalikozo taxtze asvlis dros96. aseve 26
wlisa iyo bolo patriarqi anton II aRsaydrebis dros97, ufro axalgazrda 24
wlisa iyo kaTalikoz-patriarqi daviT III (1427-1430)98 da sxv.
saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebTan dakavSirebiT p. karbelaSvili aRniSnavs
Semdegs - misi azriT, dvinis cnobili saeklesio kreba somxeTSi, romelzec
Seikribnen qarTveli, albaneli da somexi ierarqebi, Sedga 596 wels. kirionma
somxebs gaugzavna msoflio saeklesio krebaTa dadgenilebani, `amaT Tanaxmad
imwyseba saqarTvelos eklesiao~96. misi azriT, somxebma mogvianebiT mainc
aRiares qalkedonis kreba96, albaT gulisxmobs VII saukunes.
qarTlis kaTalikosi barTlome (613-620 ww.), romelic p. karbelaSvilis
sityviT, SesaZloa gadaayena herakle keisarma, RirsebiT miuRia Sio mRvimis
`ZmaTa krebas~. aq sityva `krebas~ ara Sekrebis, aramed `saZmos~ mniSvnelobiT
xmarobs mkvlevari. namdvili `episkoposTa kreba~ Sekrebila, mkvlevaris TqmiT,
kaTalikos sarmeanes (760-774 ww.) dros, romelsac iakobituri moZRvreba

daugmia da iakobitTa mier kaTalikosisaTvis mirTmeuli ZRveni uaruyvia. `am

dros mRvdelmTavarTa krebam episkopos filipes xeliT warmouvlina
sarmeanes Semdegi werili: `didsa mamamTavarsa, meufesa Cvensa sarmeanes,
gixaroden, Svilni Senni da siwmidisa Senisa mrwemni, yovelni episkoposni
gauwyebT, raTa arRa daaSrobde moxucebulsa gvamsa Sensa, rameTu mowyale
hyves RmerTi didebulisa mamisa wmidisa Siosa meoxebiT... TviToeulsa
gvibrZana `miuteva RmerTman sarmeanes kaTalikozsa bralni misni da aw
Seuorguleblad miiyvaneT mwyemsi Tqveni~99. saqme is iyo, rom kaTalikosma
SecdomiT iakobitebi aziara. roca Tavis Secdomas mixvda, Sio mRvimis
monasterSi ufals cremlebiT Sendobas sTxovda, e.i. sakaTalikoso taxti
datova. amitomac krebam zegardmo Cvenebis gamo igi ukanve miiwvia taxtze.
p. karbelaSvili eyrdnoba matianeTa Cvenebas da miiCnevs, rom VII s-Si
stefanozis mTavrobis dros dawesda episkoposTa kreba kaTalikozis
moTaveobiT, jvarpatiosanSi xuTSabaTsa da paraskevs: `adidian paraskevi
viTarca didi paraskevi, xolo sakaTalikozo arn kreba yovelTa xuTSabaTTa
da adidian wmidai sioni, viTarca didsa xuTSabaTsa, saidumloTa Tana
xorciTa da sisxliTa, xolo mcxeTas saepiskopozosa (samTavro) arn krebai
yovelTa SabaTTa da xseneba pirvel mowamisa stefanesi da wmidisa abibos
nekreselisa
episkopozisa~100.
Semdegi
kreba,
romelsac
ixseniebs
p.
karbelaSvili, aris ruis-urbnisisa, romelic Semdgara ioane IV safarelis
(1090-1127) dros. Tamaris dros ki, nikoloz I-is kaTalikosobis Semdeg, miqael
III-is kaTalikosobisas (1160-1187 ww.) mowveul iqna saeklesio kreba.
p.karbelaSvilis azriT, 1186 wels. igi mowveuli yofila `ganmarTvad
saeklesio da qristianebrivTa wesTa~. am krebaze Tavmjdomareobda zemoT
aRniSnuli yofili kaTalikosi nikolozi, romelic Tamars ierusalimidan
mouyvania. `Semokrbes yovliT kerZo samefosa misisa episkoposni... miegebeboda
maT wmida Tamar didiTa simdabliTa, viTarca erTi kaci Seuracxi, da ara
viTarca mefe, viTar angelozTa da ara kacTa... dasxna saydrebiTa (maRali
dasajdomeli - kaTedra), xolo TviT dajda Soris maTsa martod da ara
mefobiT... jda ukve Tamar mcired Jam Soris maTsa, mere moiRo kurTxeva
maTgan da warvida palatad Tvisad... xolo ara ineba maSindelman man miqael
kaTalikozman Soris maTsa (krebisa) yofa, rameTu wina ukmo iyo wesTagan
saeklesioTa da Wyondidel-mawyverloba da mwignobarTa uxucesobaca mas
(miqaels) moexveWa uflisagan - aramed ver ganayenes, daRacaTu friad
iRvawes...~ krebis Semdeg miqaeli male gardaicvala101.
Semdegi kreba, p. karbelaSvilis aRweriT, Semdgara laSa giorgis dros,
kaTalikosi arseni (1213-1234) `krebiT amxilebda laSa-giorgis ugvansa
cxovrebasa da garyvnilebaSi dros gatarebasa, vera gziT ver daiTanxmes
laSa kanonikurad eqorwina~102.
p. karbelaSvili axsenebs saeklesio krebas, romelic Semdgara giorgi V-is
mefobisas, basilis kaTalikozobis dros, 1344 wels. `hqmna mefe giorgi V
kreba gansamtkiceblad qristianobisa `ganaxlebisaTvis saeklesio wesTa,
ganmarTvad da dadgenad moweseTa wesTa zeda TvisTa da uwesoTa
gankveTad~103.
p. karbelaSvils moaqvs mTlianad teqsti im krebisa, romelic, iv.
javaxiSvilis kvleviT, Semdgara daviT laSas Zis mefobisas da romlis
dadgenilebis Savi piri Semdgom, 1925 wels gozaliSvils centrarqivSi

aRmouCenia. masze adre es teqsti gamoaqveyna p. karbelaSvilma, magram mas

miaCnda, rom misi gamomcemeli kreba Sedga XV saukuneSi. kreba exeba
saeklesio mamulebis gacemas mefis xelisflebis mier. XV saukuneSive, abraam
II-is kaTalikozobisas, mefed meored kurTxevisas (1492-1495 wlebSi) mefe
konstantinem `moaxdina kreba kaTalikoz ebiskoposTa da samefo didebulTa
da
warCinebulTagan
`rai
yofad
damSvidebisaTvis
mTavarTa
da
ganmtkicebisaTvis
erTmTavrobisa~.
krebam
daadgina:
`vinaidgan
imerni
erTguloben bagrats, her-kaxni giorgis da samcxelni aTabags baadurs vacadoT brZolad. dro-Jami uked ganagebs mefobaso~104.
Semdegi kreba melqisedek II (imave basilis) kaTalikosobis dros (1517-1529
wlebi) Semdgara, igi yofila Zma bagrat mefe muxranbatonisa. am mefis
iZulebiT kaTalikoss saeklesio mamulebi gaucia, kerZod ki miucia
ufliswulebisaTvis,
anu
Tavisi
ZmisSvilebisaTvis,
ris
gamoc
igi
kaTalikosobidan
gadauyenebiaT.
amis gamo p. karbelaSvili wers `samRvdeloTa krebam kaTalikosi basili (melqisedeki) sxvaTa Soris mcxeTis
mamulebis
gacemis
gulisTvis
gansdevna
armazis
monasterSi
da
kaTalikosobidan daamxo: `q. kaTalikozma patronma basili ZmiswulTaTvis
daiWira kunenelTa sami kuamli kaci da sxva srulad patrons bagrats misca
da misaqcieli, Tekena da werovnis naxevari. kopinasSvilebi daasaxla da
daukarga mcxeTas. asre rome ... ragvarac TviTan moekida mcxeTas dasaqcevrad,
aRarca sxvaTa gamoenaxva. miyves xeli Sinaurma da gareulma mcxeTis mamulsa
sasyidrad, da asre daikarga, rome rac sofeli aris zogan naxevari, zogan
mesamedi aklia - daikarga mcxeTisTvis... mcxeTis damqcevni arian. rogorc es
yuela mcxeTis daqceva da Secodeba gamoaCnda, mefeman saekudro waarTva da
gaagdo da amisave brZanebiTa Cven martaci wavarTviT da issav memkvidresa
miuboZeT~. kaTalikosoba CamoerTva 1527-1529 wlebs Sua da mis magier
kaTalikozad dadginda germane~105. aqedan Cans, rom mefea meTauri eklesiisa.
1531-1549 wlebSi qarTlis kaTalikosis malaqias dros Sedga saeklesio
kreba, romelic malaqiasTan erTad moiwvia afxazeTis kaTalikosma evdemosma.
maT Seadgines da saxelmZRvanelod gamosces sakaTalikozo kanonebi.
kaTalikoz domenti qaixosros Ze muxranbatons 1663 wels dausaflavebia
astarabadidan Camosvenebuli gvami Teimuraz I-isa `didis samRvdelo
krebiT~106. aq `kreba~ niSnavs krebuls, iseve rogorc nikoloz kaTalikosis
sigelSi, XVII s-is bolos. `ese nikolozi Tavis krebiT swers 1676 w. 6
Tebervals moskovis mefes Teodore aleqsis Zes gramotas - Semweoba gagviwie
winaSe sparseTis yeenisao~107.
p. karbelaSvilis wignidan Cans, rom sparseTis mier dapyrobil
aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, romelic ukve sparseTis imperiis nawilad
miiCneoda iranelTa mier XVI s-is bolodan, qarTlis kaTalikosis dadgenaSi
saWiro gamxdara nebarTva iranis Sahisa. `1687 wels Sah-solimani swers
firmanSi ioane kaTalikozs `radgan Tqveni wina moadgile (nikolozi) ar
daemorCila nazarali xans, igi ganvkveTeT da Tqven ioane dagadgineTo~108. am
kaTalikoz ioanes, mefe erekle I-is TanxmobiT, mouwvevia mRvdelmTavarTa
kreba 1680 wlis 12 marts, romelic Seexeboda daviT garejas samonastro
cxovrebis aRdgenas Sah-abasis mier aoxrebis Semdeg. rac man 1615 wels
aRdgomas diliT daviT garejaSi 60000 ber-monazoni gaJlita, garejas udabno
mere veRar aRorZinebula, Tumca Semdegi mefeebi cdilan gansakuTrebiT

`Sanaozis Ze, mefed dadginebuli arCili~. krebam ganawesa erTi winamZRvari

`mama~, romelsac unda damorCileboda daviT-garejas yvela beri. yovelgvari
Semosaval-Sesawiri berebs am mamisTvis unda CaebarebinaT. krebam sastiki
sasjeli daado am krebis damrRvevs. 1680 wlis krebas xeli moawera: bodbelma,
rusTvelma,
alaverdelma,
samebelma,
ninowmidelma,
tfilelma
mTavarepiskoposma domentim da mTavarepiskoposma qristeforem109.
1703 wels Semdgarma `samRvdeloTa krebam~ sakaTalikozo taxtze aiyvana
domenti axlad mosuli ruseTidan, kaTalikozad akurTxes 1705 wels. krebas
uari uTqvams kaTalikozobis ori kandidatisTvis. yofili kaTalikosis
evdemos II-sa da aseve yofili kaTalikozis nikolozisTvis110.
kaxeTSi saeklesio mamulebs dauwyes dataceba da ciloba. amis gamo, 1707
wels, `domenti wavida yeenTan saCivlelad da misi wyalobis firmaniT kaxeTSi
Cavida imam yuli xanTan. gaariga saqme da mivida mcxeTaSi~111. iranis Sahebis
didi gavlenis Sesaxeb p. karbelaSvili wers: `iese aRiZra SuriT da vaxtangi
daabezRa yeenTan - `TaTrobis mteriao, miwaze daaxeTqa yurani da mere
cecxlSi dawvao~. yeenma gamomZiebeli gamogzavna. svimon batoniSvilic ieses
miemxro, vaxtangs ar Ralatobda mxolod samRvdeloeba... domentim da TiToorola samRvdeloT uneblieT umowmes vaxtangis winaaRmdeg~112. 1713 wels iese
gamefda, `svimonma Seipyro domenti kaTalikozi da baqars gaugzavna Tvalebis
dasaTxrelad `sparseTSi myofs vaxtangs rad emxrobio~, magram dedofalma
rusudanma (vaxtang VI-is meuRle) ar uyo. domentim krebisaTana daswyevla
svimoni, gaCnda saSineli Wirianoba da svimons col-Svili erTianad
amouwyda~113.
kaTalikosis sikvdilis win `Tamarma moaxdina samRvdeloTa kreba da
domentis CvenebiT aRirCies kaTalikozad ieses Ze antoni, im dros quTaTeli,
antonma uari sTqva~114.
qarTuli eklesiis saqmeebSi yeenis garda ereoda, agreTve, osmalos faSa,
Tbilisis dapyrobis Semdeg. 1727 wels ieses daxmarebiT besarion orbelians
miumxria isay-faSa, `Seapara qrTami da miiRo kaTalikozoba, 1728 w.~115.
1755 wlis 16 dekembers samRvdeloTa krebam mcxeTaSi antons `axada
kaTalikozobis xarisxi da mRvdelT moqmedeba aukrZala, xolo misi
Tanamoazreni da megobarni dasajes, am krebazed antonma aRiara Tavisi
Secodeba, xolo Semdeg krebazed, 4 aprils 1756 w. Seinana Tvisi danaSauli da
gamoutyda krebas yvelaferSi. gamosTxova Teimuraz mefes nebarTva mRvdelmoqmedebisa da ruseTSi wasvlisa~116.
1720 wlis 17 oqtombers, dabadebuli antoni 18 wlis asakSi berad aRikveca
gelaTSi, 2 Tebervals. 3 Tebervals, SabaTs, diakvnad akurTxa eqvTime
gaenaTelma mitropolitma. 20 wlisas xeli daasxa mitropolitad afxazeTis
kaTalikosma grigolma quTaisis taZarSi - 27 seqtembers, SabaT dRes. 22 wlisa
naTlismcemlis monasterSi Sevida mowesed, 1743 wlis 5 ianvars kaTedris
datovebis Semdeg117. qarTlis yofil samefoSi, vaxtang VI-is da antonis mamis
ieses kraxis Semdeg, givi amilaxvari uZlieres didebulad gadaiqca. masTan
antonis damoyvrebis cnobili marcxis Semdeg antonis berad Sedgoma 1720 w. p.
karbelaSvils miaCnia kaxeTis samefo dinastebis, Teimuraz I-isa da erekle IIis politikur moxerxebad. maT gza gaexsnaT qarTlis taxtisaken, romelzedac
pretenzias acxadebda Teimurazis meuRle dedofali Tamari, vaxtang VI-is

qali. givi amilaxvari `sikvdilamde ebrZoda sparsebs da qarTlis samefos ar

anebebda Teimurazsa da erekles, jer vaxtangis Svilebs iwvevda qarTlSi
gasamefeblad da mere abdula-begi, igive arCili wamoayena qarTlis
memkvidred~118. abdula-begi antonis Zma iyo. sakaTalikozo taxtze Teimurazis
mier antonis mowveva politikuri angariSianobiT iyo ganpirobebuli. qarTlis
taxtis memkvidris antonis sakaTalikoso taxtze asvliT samefo taxtze misi
pretenziebi unda ganeitralebuliyo, magram anton kaTalikosma `saqarTvelos
Sinaur cxovrebaSi gacilebiT meti gavlena moipova, vidre erekle mefem~119.
qonebrivadac antoni ufro mdidari iyo, vidre mefe Teimurazi, amis gamo
antoni mefes `Semweobas aZlevda saeklesio qonebidan gaWirvebis dros~1.
p. karbelaSvili, Sesabamis wyaroebze dayrdnobiT mkveTrad acxadebs, rom
`antoni mainc yovel SemTxveviT sargeblobda qarTlis taxti CamorTmeoda
Teimurazs~120. 1747 wels antonis Zmam abdula-begma ganizraxa qarTlis taxtis
daWera ajanyebiT. TbilisisaTvis aTi Tve sisxlis Rvra iyo, `anton
kaTalikozma mxari dauWira abdula begs (Tavis Zmas) da dauloca amisTana
safaTerako ganzraxva. bolos TviTonve Seariga gamarjvebul erekles~2, am
dros Teimuraz mefe sparseTSi iyo... Teimurazis gamarjvebis da ganmtkicebis
Semdeg qarTlis taxtze, antoni krebam `daamxo, gandevna da wirvisagan
daayena~. antoni daapatimres, igi werilSi madlobs Teimurazs, `rom ar
mokla~121.
marTalia, antoni TbilisSi aRiarebda, rom `Sevcdi am ors sityvaze:
sulisa wmidis saqmezed da papis ufrosobazed~, magram peterburgSi
CasvlisTanave igi kategoriulad uaryofda am braldebas, uwodebda
ciliswamebas, amtkicebda Tavis srul marTlmadideblobasa da agreTve imas,
rom mefe Teimurazma igi sakaTalikoso taxtidan Camoagdo politikuri
mizezebis gamo, radganac `qarTlis samefo taxtis kanonieri memkvidre me var,
xolo Teimuraz I ara qarTlis, aramed kaxeTis mefeao~. ruseTis wmida sinodi
mravali Semowmebis Semdeg darwmunda antonis srul marTlmadideblobaSi da
aiyvana ruseTis eklesiisaTvis erT-erT umaRles samRvdelo kaTedraze vladimirisa
da
ieropolis
eparqiaSi
mTavarepiskoposis
tituliT.
mogvianebiT ruseTis wmida sinodis wevradac ki daniSna. antoni ruseTSi
darCa 1763 wlamde.
antonis nacvlad qarTlis kaTalikosis saydarze asuli iosebis (1755-1763)
dros erekle mefem saeklesio kreba moiwvia, mis dadgenilebas aqvs 11 muxli.
esaa mimarTva episkoposTa da samRvdeloTa mimarT saeklesio saqristiano
wesrigis moTxovniT. krebis oqms xels awers, pirvel rigSi, erekle mefe,
Semdeg ki kaTalikos-patriarqi iosebi. krebis oqmidan Cans, rom kaxeTis
samRvdeloebas centraluri samefo da saeklesio xelisufleba sifrTxiliT
epyroba, radganac Cans gaRvivebulia is Wiri, romelmac aTabagebis dros
mesxeTis eklesiis separatistuli gandgoma gamoiwvia. oqmSi amitomac
naTqvamia: - `erekle mefisagan da yovlisa saqarTvelosa kaTalikoz
patriarqisa iosebisagan esreT siyvaruliT euwyos miss siwmides yovlad
samRvdelos arqiepiskopos amba alaverdels zenons, wmidasa da yovlad
samRvdelos nekresel episkoposs dosiTeoss da wmidasa da yovlad
samRvdelos samebel episkoposs ioanes122.

1755-1756 wlebTan dakavSirebiT p. karbelaSvili wers, rom `antoni da misi

Tanaziarni (magaliTad, anCisxatis dekanozi aleqsi) krebis ganCinebisamebr
gakriWes (Tma da wveri)~123. antoni werda vladimiridan aleqsi dekanozs, `maT
egonaT Cveni mRvdlobis Zala TmebSia~124. antoni 11 Tve patimari yofila,
mxolod 1756 w. aprilSi gamgzavrebula ruseTSi _ moskovSi 1757 wlis
ianvarSi, peterburgSi ki martSi Casula. rogorc aRiniSna, igi ruseTis erTerT
umTavres
kaTedraze
aiyvanes
mRvdelmTavrad,
miuxedavad
amisa,
saqarTveloSi mwvaleblobad CaTvales da dawves antonis Txzuleba `miwyales
Targmaneba~. `vinc antonis megobari darCnen saqarTveloSi, ioseb kaTalikozma
dausjeli aravin gauSva~124. udanaSaulod, antonTan megobrobis gamo dasaja,
adgilidan gadaayena da mRvdelmoqmedeba aukrZala anCisxatis saxelovan
dekanozs aleqsis, romelsac antoni swerda: `Tavisi sakuTari saxeliT
mosulebma, Cven uflis saxeliT mosulebi gangvdevnes, maT mier daTxeuli
Seni sisxli uflis winaSe adioda abelis sisxlis msgavsad... Sen Tavs
upativcemulod moepyrnen avazakebi, romelTa bunebrivi saqme iyo sxvisi
qonebis mtacebloba, sxvisi saxlis Tavis saxlTan mierTeba da sxvisi mamulis
Tavis mamulTan mierTeba~ (`SemrTavi saxlTa saxlisa mimarT da agarakTa
agarakisa mimarT~)124.
p. karbelaSvilis azriT, anCisxatis saxelovani dekanozi aleqsi mxolod
antonisadmi siyvarulis gamo cildawamebuli kaTolikur mwvaleblobaSi,
yovelmxriv Seuracxyofili sami dRe atares Tbilisis moednebsa da quCebSi,
imave mizeziT ki cemiT mokles antonis deida xvaraSani - mefe erekle I-is
asuli. igi `cilwamebuli ZaRlTa da mxecTa misagdeblad daisaja~125. antoni
ruseTSi mTeli Tavisi yofnis manZilze, ara mxolod ruseTis uwmidesi
sinodis, aramed yoveli kacis winaSe mudam ambobda, rom mas udanaSaulod
cili daswames da arasodes igi kaTolikur mwvaleblobas mikedlebuli ar
yofila. antonis am udanaSaulo dasjas saqarTveloSic Sinagani daZabuloba
da mRelvareba mohyolia, amitomac igi werda: - `maT egonaT, rom Cemi
sakaTalikoso taxtidan CamogdebiT saqarTveloSi mSvidoba damyardeboda,
magram ar dacxra RvTis risxvis berva da mRelvarebis qari~. amis gamo erekle
II-s mamamisTan, mefe TeimurazTan didi usiamovneba hqonda da dReniadag
ayvedrida antonis gaZevebas. gaigo Tu ara ereklem ruseTSi myofi mamis,
Teimurazis sikvdilis ambavi, maSinve kaci afrina antonTan ruseTSi da
saqarTveloSi moiwvia sakaTalikoso taxtze kvlav asasvlelad. antons
samgzavrod ruseTis sinodma gamouyo Tanxa.
saqarTveloSi antonis CamosvlisTanave, erekle mefem da antonma 1764 wlis
2-18 oqtombers moiwvies saeklesio kreba. krebas daeswrnen mefe erekle, anton
kaTalikosi, mTavarepiskoposi kirile, episkoposi besarioni, tfileli
qristefore, mroveli germane, ninowmideli saba, mangleli nikolozi,
rusTveli
iosebi
(im
dromde
kaTalikosi).
krebam
aRiara
antonis
mowinaaRmdegeTa cilismwamebloba, e.i. saeklesio krebam kidev erTxel aRiara
antonis sruli udanaSauloba, kaTolikur mwvaleblobaSi misi ubraloeba da
amitomac sastikad dasaja is sasuliero pirebi, vinc antons cili daswama~126.
pirvel rigSi ki is, romelmac SecdomaSi Seiyvana wina saeklesio kreba,
mRvdeli zaqaria gabaSvili, mZvinvare mteri kaTalikosisa. mas CamoarTves
mRvdloba da ereklem qveynidanac ki gaaZeva. amiT saqarTvelos eklesiis

mmarTvelobam sinanuli gamoTqva antonis umizezod dadanaSaulebisa da

kaTalikosobidan gadayenebis gamo, da ufro metic, sixaruliT daubruna mas
pirvelmRvdelmTavris taxti. saqarTvelos eklesias ruseTis sinodis winaSe
uCivla gankveTilma zaqariam, ruseTis sinodma upasuxa - `wadi da anton
kaTalikoss Sendoba Txove~127.
antonma daaarsa sasuliero gamgeoba, anu `dikasteria~, imgvaradve, rogorc
ruseTSi iyo. antonis mier amoqmedebuli stamba, romelic ruseTSi misi
gadasaxlebis dros gauqmda, antonis dabrunebis Semdeg kvlav amoqmedda. aq
antoni beWdavda rusulis mixedviT Sesworebul qarTul saeklesio wignebs
`antoni didaT xels uwyobda saqarTvelos ruseTTan daaxloebas, 1769 w.
pirvelad daibara mironi ruseTidan~128. 1783 w. ivlisSi ruseTTan dadebuli
traqtatis ZaliT antoni aRiarebul iqna ruseTis sinodis wevrad. `am
windauxedavma saqmem Searyia Tavisufleba saqarTvelos aTas oTxaswlovani
eklesiisa da nel-nela daumorCila sinods 28 wlis ganmavlobaSi. anton
kaTalikosi didi madlieri iyo ruseTisa. misi mxriv didi Secdoma iyo, rom
qarTuli saeklesio wignebi slavianurzed Seaswora, anu TviT Seadgina
zogierTi sagalobelni da ugulebel hyo Zveli qarTvel mamaTagan Sedgenili
sakiTxav-sagalobelni: slavianur saeklesio wignebis Secdomani Semoitana
qarTulSi enis ucodinrobis gamo. ruseTidan mobrunebuli mudam cdaSi iyo
saqarTvelo daeaxlovebina ruseTisaTvis...~129.
p. karbelaSvilis mixedviT, ruseTis wmida sinodis mier saqarTvelos
eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis xelSi aReba daiwyo anton kaTalikosis dros jer
misi ruseTis wm. sinodis wevrad SesvliT, ruseTidan mironis miRebiT,
yovelive rusuli saeklesio wesrigis saqarTveloSi gadmonergviT da misken
miswrafebiT. antonis am `did Secdomas~, rogorc is uwodebs,
uZebnis
Tavisebur axsnas. antons rogorme Tavidan unda aecilebina zaqaria
gabaSvilis, misi frTisa da maT ukan mdgomi didi politikuri Zalis
ciliswameba antonis aramarTlma-dideblobis Sesaxeb. antonma verafriT
daarwmuna isini, rom igi erTguli iyo mamapapuri marTlmadideblobisa.
sabolood gare YTvalnaTeli magaliTebis daxmarebiT, rogoricaa ruseTidan
mironis miReba saqarTvelos eklesiis saWiroebisaTvis, ruseTis wmida sinodis
wevroba, qarTuli saeklesio wignebis rusulis mixedviT `gasworeba~, Tumca
amis saWiroeba, p. karbelaSvilis sityviT, ar arsebobda, aiZulebda
mowinaaRmdegeebs veRar gaebedaT antonis marTlmadideblobaSi eWvis Setana.
amis Sedegad saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmeba, misi gadaqceva
rusuli saxelmwifos administraciul-Cinovnikur erTeulad da qarTveli
xalxis eklesiisadmi gulmxurvalebis ganeleba mohyva, rac z. gabaSvilisa da
misi aRmZvreli politikuri Zalebis mizeziT moxda. es iyo maTi qmedebis
saboloo Sedegi.
meliton kelenjeriZe Tavis `saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso eklesiis mokle
istoriaSi~130 mimoixilavs saeklesio samarTalsac. misi azriT, `saqarTvelos
eklesia Tavisi organizaciiT Zalian mogvagonebs dasavleT evropis
feodalizms Sua saukuneebSi. am mxriv yvelaze ufro sami movlena ipyrobs
yuradRebas: a) memkvidreobiTi principi,
b) samoqalaqo samsaxuri da g)
eklesiis samxedro organizacia131. misi azriT, saqarTvelos eklesiaSi
`farTo
demokratizmi
iyo
daculi~,
magram
zogierTi
Tanamdeboba

memkvidreobiT
gadadioda
mamidan
Svilze
(mag.,
jvarTmtvirTveloba,
mouravoba, xSirad `karis dekanozoba~, kandelakoba da sxv).
`sasuliero
wodebas
samoqalaqo
da
samxedro
funqciebic
epyra.
magaliTad, Tbileli aTanase `naibadaa~ wodebuli, grigol wurwyabeli
episkoposi erisTavicaa e.i. olqis ufrosi. erisTavia saba mtbevaric...
glonoqor mTavarepiskoposi erisTavadac iyo `barzabod pitiaxSisagan qarTls
da hereTs~. amaSi kidev ufro gvarwmunebs Wyondidelis Tanamdeboba...
WyondidelobaSi, rogorc fokusSi, Tavmoyrilia saeklesio, samoqalaqo da
samxedro moxeleoba... vaxuStis azriT, `misi xelisani iyvnen qvriv-obolni,
Sewuxebulni da SeWirvebulni. es iuwyebda amaTTa yovelsave mefesa. eseve iyo
mwignobarTuxucesi. ese miscemda mefisagan brZanebasa eklesia-monasterTa da
laSqarTa mowvevad da maTTa samWirnoTa moxsenebad mefesa~. erT sabuTSi
Wyondideli ixsenieba rogorc `patroni~, `proto upertimosi~ da `vazirTa
yovelTa upirvelesi~.
Wyondideli
sasaxlis
ministricaa,
ganaTlebisac
da
samxedroc.
Wyondideli pirveli kaci iyo mefisa da kaTalikosis Semdeg... Wyondideli
sasaxleSi Sinauria, rogorc sasaxlis ministri. es iqidan Cans, rom axal
wels igi yvelaze adre ulocavda mefes da yoveli krizisis dros mefe
pirvelad
Wyondidels
ekiTxeboda.
Wyondidels
xmalic
ertya
da
132
sardlobda~ .
m. kelenjeriZis TvalsazrisiT, `eklesia Zlieri samxedro organizacia iyo
da did monawileobas iRebda samSoblos dacvis saqmeSi... omSi midiodnen
kaTalikosic, episkoposic da saeklesio ymebic. saba mtbevari episkoposi omSia
laSqriT, malaqia gurieli jiqeTSi gahyva mTavrebs saomrad, maqsime
jumaTelma afxazebi daamarcxa erkeTSi, Wyondidels xmali ekida, Tumca
`ridebiTa monazonebisaiTa ara ixada xrmali~133. mroveli episkoposi
avaliSvili 1624 wlis marabdis brZolaSi monawileobda Tavisi droSiTa da
laSqriT. brZolis win episkoposma miugo jars: `dRes brZola aris
sarwmunoebisa da qristes mcnebisa da ara mxolod Cem zeda, amisTvis ara vyo,
ukeTu uwinares Tqvensa ara davTxio sisxli Cemi maxvilis amRebman~,
saspaspeto droSa hqonda bodbelsa da nekreselsac. yvelaze mniSvnelovani
samxedro roli rusTvels eniWeboda, episkoposebSi zogi mTavarsardlobda,
zogic mTavarsardlis droSis qveS idga. ase rom, zog episkoposs sxva
episkoposebi Tavis droSis qveS hyavda, rogorc generals oficrebi.
rusTveli mTavarsardlobda. mas saolqo droSa hqonda, igi qiziyis mouravis
toli iyo, iseTive droSa hqonda133. m. kelenjeriZe ixilavs sul 5 saeklesio
krebas (anCis, javaxeTis, ruis-urbnisis (1103), XVI s. imereTis, goris (17551756)134.
qarTuli
samarTlis
istoriis
SeswavliT
gansakuTrebiT
iyo
dainteresebuli niko mari, `saxelmoxveWil akademikoss ganzraxuli hqonda
moemzadebina saTanado specialisti saeklesio samarTlis ganxriT~135. niko
mari monawileobas iRebda im saeklesio `winaswar sakrebulos~ sxdomaSi, 1906
wlis 1 dekembers, romelsac xelewifeboda qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis
Sesaxeb kompetenturi azris gamoTqma.
sxdomas eswrebodnen umaRlesi sasuliero pirebi, saeklesio istoriisa da
saeklesio
samarTlis
specialistebi
arqiepiskopos
nikandris
TavmjdomareobiT. krebas eswreboda imereTis episkoposi leonide, mogilevis

episkoposi stefane, sami rusi dekanozi, profesorebi - berdnikovi,

briliantovi, a. cagareli, a. xaxanaSvili, i. popovi, sokolovi, ostroumovi,
zaozerski, almazovi, butkeviCi, glubokovski, palmovi, Seini. niko marma
waikiTxa moxseneba `qarTuli eklesiis istoriis narkvevi uZvelesi droidan~,
romelic exeboda saeklesio samarTlis sakiTxebs, kerZod, aRniSnavda, rom
qarTuli eklesiis ierarqia saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi yalibdeboda136. `jer
kidev V s. iakob curtavelis TxzulebaSi ixsenieba `Tavi igi episkoposTa samoel, pirveli kaTalikosi... saqarTvelos eklesiis meTauri, rogorc Cans,
ukve meeqvse saukuneSi ierarqiulad arsebiTad damoukidebeli iyo da
kaTalikosis titulsac atarebda, xolo grigol xanZTelis xanaSi, mecxre
saukuneSi, rogorc Cans, patriarqis (mamamTavris) wodebas iferebda~137.
qarTveli da somexi pirvelierarqebi `erTmaneTis kaTalikosobas saeWvod ar
Tvlidnen~138. n. mari gamoTqvamda araswor Sexedulebas, TiTqosda somxuri
qalkedonituri saepiskoposoebi VIII s-is mcxeTis kaTalikoss daeqvemdebara da
amis Sedegad aRmoCnda qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi, aseTebad mas miaCnda
`iSxnis, anCis, valaSqertis, banis, anisa da yarsis eparqiebi~138, sinamdvileSi,
samxreT saqarTvelos mkvidri qarTuli mosaxleoba Seqmnili politikuri
viTarebis
gamo,
VIII-IX
saukuneebamde
imyofeboda
somxuri
eklesiis
iurisdiqciiis qveS (VI s-dan), gaTavisuflebis Semdeg VIII-IX ss. daubrunda
qarTuli dedaeklesiis wiaRs, xolo somxeTSi mcxovrebma qarTvelebma
(magaliTad, anisSi da sxvagan) daaarses qarTuli saepiskoposoebi139.
n. maris azriT, bizantiaSi xatmebrZolobis epoqaSi `erT mxares idgnen
umaRlesi saero moxeleebi da episkoposebi, romelnic imis momxreni iyvnen,
rom imperators Tvalyuri edevnebina eklesiisaTvis da waremarTa kidec misi
saqmianoba, xolo meore mxares idgnen berebi... isini im mosazrebiT
xelmZRvanelobdnen, rom saero xelisufleba ar unda ereodes sasuliero
wodebis saqmeSi. es mimarTuleba damarcxda bizantiaSi~.
saqarTveloSi, mesxeTSi ki piriqiT, n. maris azriT, gaimarjva meore
mimarTulebam. aq, eklesiis meTaurebi `Zlier Zalad grZnobdnen Tavs da
eklesiis damoukideblobas saero xelisuflebisgan gaSmagebiT icavdnen~
(eyrdnoboda
giorgi
merCules
Txzulebas).
g.
nadareiSvili
amasTan
dakavSirebiT wers - `samecniero literaturaSi aRniSnulia,
rom
`saqarTvelos istoriam icis iseTi xana, roca qveynis ideur-politikur
cxovrebaSi gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWebaT mesxeTis udabnoebis anu
monasterTa winamZRvrebsa da saqarTvelos amave mxaris episkoposebs, es aris
mecxre saukune~140. g. nadareiSvili ganagrZobs - `sasuliero pirTa
gansakuTrebiT maRali mdgomareoba Cans beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis wignisaTvis
darTul e.w. bagrat kurapalatis samarTlis wignidanac, romelsac a. kikviZe
mecxre saukunis Zeglad miiCnevs da arcTu usafuZvlod. aq Semonaxuli
samarTlebrivi normebis mixedviT episkoposi `meore mefed~ aris miCneuli.
Tumca samarTliani sababiT mefe episkoposs `xelTa~ ver Seipyrobs, `amisTvis
rome meore mefe ebiskopozi aris da qristianeTa sjulisa damamtkicebeli~
($102). maSindel mesxeTSi sasuliero pirebi, gansakuTrebiT, berebi, did Zalas
warmoadgendnen.
araiSviaTad
isini
Tavis
damoukideblobas
saero
xelisuflebis
winaSe
warmatebiT
usvamdnen
xazs.
giorgi
merCules
moTxrobili aqvs, Tu rogor SeZlo klarjeTis udabnoTa arqimandritma

grigol
xanZTelma
guaram
mamfalis
survilis
winaaRmdeg
arsenis
kaTalikosad datoveba. beri saba iSxneli bagrat kurapalatis mier weriliT
dabarebuli urCobas iCens da ar cxaddeba mis winaSe... da mxolod mas Semdeg,
rac saba iSxneli grigol xanZTelis baraTTan erTad xelmwifis meore
ustars Rebulobs, cxaddeba mis winaSe. sasuliero pirebi, araiSviaTad,
saeklesio xelisuflebis saxelmwifo xelisuflebis winaSe upiratesobasac ki
usvamdnen xazs. isini TiTqos Teoriuladac asabuTebdnen samRvdeloebis
upiratesobas saero mTavrobasTan SedarebiT, magram saganTa logikis ZaliT
iZulebulni iyvnen saero xelisuflebasTan konfliqtebs moridebodnen~141.
n. maris azriT, bizantiis kanonmdebeli imperatoris, basili pirvelis (867886) mowiwebiTi damokidebuleba saerTod qarTuli eklesiisadmi da, kerZod,
wmida ilarion qarTvelisadmi imiT yofila gamowveuli, rom basili pirveli
diofiziti somexi iyo, am xanebSi ki somexi marTlmadideblebi mcxeTis
taxtis xelqveiTni iyvnen141, sinamdvileSi ki basili imperatori qarTul
eklesiasa da ilarion qarTvels pativs miagebda maTi siwmidisa da qristes
mcnebebis erTgulebis gamo, rogorc es marTlmadidebel imperatorebs
ekadrebodaT. man kargad icoda saqarTvelos monastrebis wesisa da kanonis
damdeb wmida ilarion qarTvelis sulieri Zliereba, madlmosileba. Tumca
isicaa SesaZlebeli, rom eTnikuri warmoSobiT imperatori basili pirveli
qarTveli iyo da mas romelime wyaro grigol bakurianis Zis msgavsad
`somexs~ uwodebda. miT umetes, rom imperatori basili I Tavis Svilebs
qarTul enas aswavlida ilarion qarTvelis `cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad142. ilarion
qarTvelis mowafe qarTvel berebs imperatorma basilim `mohgvara orni Zeni
Tvisni leon da aleqsandre da hrqua: `aswaveT amaT enai da wigni Tqueni!~142
rogorc cnobilia,
basilis Svili leon brZeni Semdgom foti patriarqma
aRzarda.
n.
maris
mixedviT,
`patriarqis
wodeba
qarTveli
kaTalikosis
titulaturaSi maSin Cndeba, rodesac misi iurisdiqcia gafarTovda da
gavrcelda dasavleT saqarTvelosa da didi somxeTis marTlmadideblur
eparqiebze. somxuri marTlmadidebluri eparqiebi uSualod mcxeTis patriarqs
emorCilebodnen. amave dros maTi gansakuTrebuli interesebis damcvelad
mcxeTis kaTalikosTan sapatio adgilze zis specialuri sasuliero moxele
mitropolitis wodebiT, romelic didi somxeTis sulieri moTavea~143. rac
Seexeba dasavleT saqarTvelos, n. maris azriT, mTeli saqarTvelos
gaerTianebis Semdeg mcxeTis kaTalikoss afxazeTis kaTalikosTan SedarebiT
garkveuli upiratesoba eniWeboda. amasTan dakavSirebiT n. mari miuTiTebda,
rom is, rogorc es 1020 wlis cnobili dokumentidan Cans, `mama kaTalikosad~
iwodeboda. sazeimo dReebSi mcxeTis kaTalikosis Semdeg meore sapatio
adgili
Wyondidels,
xolo
mesame
didi
somxeTis
mitropolits
ganekuTvneboda~143.
n. maris mixedviT, is, rom qarTul eklesias hyavda Tavisi kaTalikosi,
maCvenebelia eklesiis avtokefalobisa144. e. i. IX s-Si qarTuli eklesia
avtokefaluri iyo. ufro adre ki (gulisxmobs VII-VIII ss) bizantiuri
saeklesio samarTlis normebis Sesabamisad kidev erTxel miiRo Tavisi
damoukideblobis dadastureba antioqiisagan145.

n. maris mixedviT, qarTul eklesias IX s-mde ar hqonda mironis kurTxevis

ufleba. rogorc grigol xanZTelis cxovrebidan Cans, es ufleba man moipova
842-859 wlebSi, roca man Sewyvita ierusalimidan mironis Semotana (iqve, gv.
20),
sinamdvileSi
ki,
rogorc
es
garkveulia
Cven
mier,
qarTlis
sakaTalikosoSi mironi IV-V saukuneebidanve ikurTxeboda. mogvianebiT
daarsebul
lazikis
samitropolitos
bazaze
aRmocenebul
afxazeTis
sakaTalikosoSi, konstantinopolSi xatmebrZoluri eresis gavrcelebis gamo,
mironis Semotana daiwyes ierusalimidan (konstantinopolis nacvlad), IX sdan
ki
efrem
didi
mawyverelis
mecadineobiT
saeklesio
normebis
gaTvaliswinebiT,
ierusalimis
sapatriarqos
TanxmobiT,
dawesda,
rom
afxazeTis (da ara `aRmosavleTis~) kaTalikosebs mironi ierusalimis nacvlad
adgilzeve, qarTlSi unda mieRoT, radganac `afxazeTic qarTlia~, saeklesio
erTianobis gamo afxazeTisTvis saWiro mironis kurTxeva `qarTls ganewesa~
IX s-dan146.
karTagenis krebis me-6 muxlidan Cans, rom V s. 20-ian wlebamde mironis
kurTxevis neba ara mxolod episkoposebs, mRvdlebsac ki hqondaT, rac
akrZala krebam: `sacxebeli (mironi) mRvdlis mier ar unda damzaddes~147,
magram mironis kurTxevis ufleba dautova episkoposebs.
qarTuli samarTlis istoriisaTvis sainteresoa n. maris mosazreba, rom
`Zvel saqarTveloSi saero da sasuliero Zalauflebis erToba warmoadgenda
udavo faqts~148. Wyondideli mwignobarTuxucesis Tanamdeboba (saxelo) n.
mars miaCnda `saqarTveloSi odesRac arsebuli sasuliero da saero
Zalauflebis erT xelSi Tavmoyris tradiciis gviandel gadmonaSTad. amasTan
dakavSirebiT man yuradReba miaqcia xevisberobis instituts moxeveebSi da
a.S.~148 am sakiTxis gasaSuqeblad dauweria specialuri gamokvleva `xelmwifis
karis garigebis Sesaxeb~, romelic jerjerobiT gamoqveynebuli ar aris148.
gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa n. maris dakvirveba somxuri `vardapetis~
institutis mimarT, romelic mogvagonebs XII s-mde qarTul eklesiaSi
arsebul `moZRvrobis~ instituts149.
n. maris azriT, somxuri eklesiis wyaroebis mixedviT, vardapeti niSnavda
ara bers, anda ubralod arqimandrits, aramed moZRvars (maswavlebels). `Zvel
somxur eklesiaSi vardapetis, rogorc moZRvar-maswavleblis roli da
avtoriteti
metad
mniSvnelovani
iyo
rTuli
sasuliero
sakiTxebis
gadawyvetaSi, rogorc Cans, mas ufro meti wona hqonda, vidre episkoposs an
Tundac kaTalikoss... vardapetebs ara mxolod maswavlebloba-moZRvrobis
ufleba hqondaT, aramed mosamarTlisac. maT xelSi iyo msajulobac~150.
am mxriv, aRsaniSnavia, rom qarTvel `moZRvarsac~ ruis-urbnisis krebamde,
Cans, iseTive uflebebi gaaCnda, rac somxur vardapets. moZRvari eklesiis
maswavlebeli iyo da, Cans, mosamarTlec. amas unda migvaniSnebdes is, rom
qarTveli mefis darbazis karze myofi `moZRvarT-moZRvari~, umaRlesi
msajulisa da mosamarTlis uflebiT iyo aRWurvili. moZRvari, romelsac
msajulis funqciebi ekisreboda, Cans, qarTulad `merCuled~, rjulis mcodned
da amave dros mosamarTled (msajulad) iwodeboda. unda vifiqroT, rom VII-IX
saukuneebSi, saqarTvelos daSlilobisas qveynis gaerTianebamde eklesiis
xelSi Zalauflebis Tavmoyrisa da zogjer saero da sasuliero Zalauflebis
erT xelSi Tavmoyris dros (romlis tradiciul gadmonaSTad n. mars miaCnda

Wyondidel-mwignobarTuxucesis Tanamdeboba), moZRvarTa instituts iseTive

didi mniSvneloba hqonda saqarTveloSi, rogorc vardapets somxeTSi. magram
imis Semdeg, rac saqarTvelo gaerTianda da TviTmpyrobelobisaken moswrafe
mefis xelisuflebam Tavis gverdiT ver igua saero xelisuflebisagan
ukiduresad damoukidebeli da amave dros Zlieri Zalis mqone eklesia,
saxelmwifos saWirod miuCnevia moZRvrobis institutis Sekveca. amas unda
migvaniSnebdes ruis-urbnisis krebis me-12 kanoni, `moZRvrad wodebulTa maT
monazonTa~ Sesaxeb: `pirvelad amas ganvsazRvrebT raTa umRvdelosa ara
xelewifebodes ganmkiTxvelobad sulTa, araTu episkoposi iyos, anu mRvdeli
anu diakoni, rameTu pirvelad Sekvrisa da ganxsnisa xelmwifebasa uxms
qonebad da egreTRa gankiTxvisa sulTaisa xel-yofad~151.
maSasadame codnas, mecnierul ganaTlebas, romlis gamoc beri iRebda
`moZRvris~ wodebas, amis Semdeg ukve mniSvneloba aRar eniWeboda, aramed
moZRvris wodeba SeiZleboda miniWeboda naklebmcodnes, magram nakurTx, anu
xeldasxmul sasuliero pirs. amas axsnas kreba me-12 kanoniT imiT uZebnis, rom
`Sekvrisa da ganxsnis xelmwifeba~ marTlac aqvs mociqulTagan memkvidreobiT
xeldasxmul `episkoposs, mRvdelsa da diakons~. rogorc aRiniSna, niko maris
Tanaxmad vardapetis umTavresi Tviseba esaa mecnieruli codna, am codnis
gamo mopovebuli ufleba msajulobisa, maswavleblobisa. ruis-urbnisis
krebis Semdeg ki, rogorc aRiniSna naklebi mcodnec xeldasxmis meoxebiT
SeiZleboda `moZRvari~ gamxdariyo, anu `sulTa ganmkiTxveli~. unda iTqvas,
rom somxur eklesiaSi vardapetobis instituti warmoadgenda sasuliero
wodebis mecnierTa gansakuTrebul korporacias152. vardapetebi iyvnen
saeklesio moZRvrebaTa da gadmocemaTa erT-erTi kompetenturi damcvelni,
amxsnel-ganmmarteblebi da ganmaviTarebelnic. n. mari Tvlida, rom Zveli
somxeTis
vardapetebi
TavianTi
maRali
uflebamosilebis
simaRleze
Rirseulad idgnen. Zveli somxuri saeklesio wyobilebis Tanaxmad, maT
sapatio
adgili
hqondaTY
gankuTvnili
sazogadoebriv
urTierTobaTa
sistemaSi da maT Soris samarTalSemoqmedebis sferoSiac. swavluli
vardapetebis korporaciam somxuri samarTlis istoriaSi didi roli iTamaSa,
da radgan n. maris TvalsazrisiT feodaluri somxeTi qarTuli saxelmwifos
SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda eklesiurad da istoriuli tao-klarjeTic somxeTis
yofil nawilad miaCnda, amitom am instituts qarTul eklesiazec gavlena
unda moexdina. sinamdvileSi, marTalia, VI saukunis Semdeg qarTvelTa qveyana
tao da nawilobriv misi mimdebare qarTuli mxareebi somxuri eklesiis
gavlenis sferoSi imyofeboda, arabTa Semosevebis Semdeg bizantielTa
gavleniT am qarTulma kuTxeebma Tavi daaRwies somxur saeklesio batonobas
da VIII-X saukuneebSi daubrundnen qarTul dedaeklesias. rac Seexeba
merCule-moZRvar-maswavleblobis instituts, mas didi avtoriteti unda
moepovebina arabTa mier qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis dasustebis gamo
saeklesio gavlenis gaZlierebis dros. vardapetis xelSeuvali avtoriteti
Taobidan Taobas, maswavleblidan moswavles gadaecemoda somxuri masalebis
mixedviT152. aseve unda yofiliyo saqarTveloSic, magaliTad, 985 wels sinas
mTaze gadawerili iakobis Jamis wirvis anderZebSi ioane zosime ixsenebs
Tavis moZRvrebs, viTarca ucilobel avtoritetebs, romelTagan miiRo codna,
`viTa me vicode moZRvarTagano~, wers igi. am SemTxvevaSi maT (anu moZRvarTa)
xelSia wmida werilis teqstebze zrunva, rac TavianT movaleobad miaCniaT.

mxiTar goSis samarTlis wignis mixedviT, vardapetobis kandidats evaleboda

`Zveli da axali aRqmis wignebisa da kanonikuri dadgenilebebis safuZvliani
codna. Tanac gamocdis dros gamosacdels dawvrilebiT unda moeTxro
gamomcdelisaTvis `sad da visTan Seiswavla man saRvTo werilis TiToeuli
wigni~153. ioane zosimec aseve axsenebs Tavis mecnier moZRvars, kerZod,
zemoaRniSnul wignTan dakavSirebiT gvauwyebs: `am wignis dedani Tavidan
bolomde nakluli iyo da imas ar udgeboda, rac me maswavleblebisagan
mqonda naswavli an Cemi Jamis wirvis wignebSi ewera, amitomac ar momwonda,
mexveweboda: rac magaSi sweria, marto is damiwereo, mec marto is davwere,
rac dedanSi ewerao~... mas, vinc ioane zosimes am davalebas aZlevda, z.
WumburiZis azriT, `kargad hqonda Segnebuli Zveli wignebis mecnieruli
Rirebuleba da sagangebod uvlida maT, esenia moZRvrebi, romelnic
`mecnieruli interesebiT swavlobdnen Zvel xelnawerebs, uvlidnen da
icavdnen mas~154.
amave movaleobas wignebis mimarT, n. maris azriT, asrulebdnen
vardapetebic. isini iyvnen saRvTo werilis tradiciuli teqstebis damcvelni
da maTze mzrunvelni, zogjer daxelovnebuli kaligrafebi, Zveli da axali
aRTqmis wignebis pirveli mTargmnelebi. patriarq sahakis 36-e kanonSi
naTqvamia, rom `wmida da ubiwo sarwmunoebis saWeTmpyrobelni arian
mociqulebi, winaswarmetyvelebi da vardapetebi~. partavis saeklesio krebis
meeqvse kanonSi aRniSnuli iyo, somxeTis miwaze RvTisSemecnebis madlis
Semnaxvelebi arian vardapetebi da unda vizrunoT maTi rigebis zrdisaTviso.
somxeTis saeklesio krebis muSaobaze did gavlenas axdendnen vardapetebi.
anisis saeklesio krebaze didi roli iTamaSa vardapetma mxiTar goSma.
vardapetebs ara mxolod maswavlebloba-moZRvrobis ufleba hqondaT, aramed
mosamarTleobisac.
maT
xelSi
iyo
marTlmsajulebac.
am
garemoebam
gamoxatuleba pova vardanis igavTa krebulSi. `mxiTar goSi, _ aRniSnavda niko
mari, _ avtori saeklesio da saero kanonebis krebulisa, vardapeti iyo. es
sakmarisi aRmoCnda imisaTvis, rom mis wigns oficialuri samarTlis wignis
mniSvneloba moepovebina. am samarTlis wignis I nawilis 70-e muxlis mixedviT,
Tundac patriarqs ar SeeZlo araviTari siaxlis SemoReba saeklesio krebis
gareSe im sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, rac eparqiebs, kaTedrebsa da samwysos Seexeba.
mxiTar goSis samarTlis wigni vardapetebis mimarT maT sasuliero da
samoZRvro-samaswavleblo saqmianobis sferoSi araviTar SezRudvas ar
iTvaliswinebda, piriqiT, imisTvis, rom vardapetebis sapatio wodebisaTvis
Crdili ar mieyenebinaT, kanoni maT Soris mwvave davasa da kamaTs krZalavda.
rogorc Cans, fiqrobdnen, rom vardapetebis ideur Sejaxebas sarwmunoebisa da
eklesiisaTvis zianis motana SeeZlo. amitom im monasterSi, sadac erTi
vardapeti mainc iyo, am ukanasknelis mowvevis gareSe stumrad ar SeiZleboda
misuliyo meore vardapeti~155.
mxiTar goSis samarTlis wignis es muxli exmianeba ruis-urbnisis krebis
me-12 muxls. magram msgavseba mxolod garegan mxares Seexeba. pirveli (mxiTar
goSisa) ar zRudavs monasterSi vardapetebis ricxvs, aramed mxolod
momsvlel, ucxo vardapets ukrZalavs monasterSi adgilobrivi (Tundac
erTaderTi) vardapetebis nebarTvis gareSe misvlas. ruis-urbnisis krebis me-12
muxliT ki aikrZala monastrebSi moZRvrebis simravle (`mravalsa SfoTsa da
ganxeTqilebisa mizezsa SemoiRebs simravle maTi~), dawesda did monasterSi

mxolod or-ori, mcireSi ki erTaderTi moZRvris arseboba, magram gacilebiT

ufro arsebiTia is, rom, rogorc aRiniSna, axla moZRvrad ukve ara
mecnieruli codnis mixedviT dadgindeboda, aramed mxolod sasuliero
kurTxevis meSveobiT, rac, safiqrebelia, mizezi unda gamxdariyo qarTul
eklesiaSi mecnieruli codnis donis dacemisa. marTlac XII saukunis Semdgomi
saeklesio cxovrebis duRili da samecniero-saRvTismetyvelo-saliteraturo
kvleva-Zieba (igulisxmeba XIII-XVII) verafriT Seedreba VIII-XI saukuneebis
gasaocar simaRles saeklesio mecnierebis zrda-ganviTarebisa. Tumca isic
unda aRiniSnos, rom XII saukuneSi jer kidev didi iyo Zala moZRvrobis
institutisa, rasac mowmobs daviT aRmaSeneblis anderZi, roca man mTeli
Tavisi qoneba monastrebs dautova Tavisi moZRvris xeliT: Cemma Svilma
demetrem `yoveli misces moZRvarsa Cemsa... raTa romelni monasterni mamulisa
Cemisani gamimwarebian, moZRvarman Cemman ukan cemiTa maTiTa alocnes
CemTviso~.
niko mari zrunavda qarTuli samarTlis istoriis Sesaswavlad, radganac
igi ar iyo saTanado doneze damuSavebuli. revoluciis Semdeg ki, aTeistebis
batonobis dros, cxadia, qarTuli saeklesio samarTlis istoria ar
ganviTarebula, amis gamo kidev ufro dasafasebelia niko maris nafiqri am
sferoSi. igi ikvlevda qarTul saero samarTalsac. n. mari fiqrobda, rom
warmarTuli epoqis saqarTveloSi mefe Tavis xelSi aerTianebda saero da
sasuliero Zalauflebas. igi amave dros qurumTuxucesi iyo156. `qarTuli
samarTali da sarwmunoeba adreul ZeglebSi erTi sityviT gamoixateboda~.
mefe pirvandeli iafeturi sazogadoebrivi warmodgeniT RvTis nacvalia,
misave qurumi, mRvdeli~157. n. maris mixedviT qarTuli ena, misi kultura da
eTnosi uZvelesia da mas `saerTo aqvs mTeli kacobriobis aRorZinebasTan~,
man ori anbani Seqmna (xucuri da mxedruli) imis gamo, rom misi erovnuli
sulieri Semoqmedeba ukidures simaRleze iyo atanili158. anbanis Seqmnas
warmarTobis epoqaSi debda, amiT exmianeboda Teimuraz batoniSvils,
romelsac anton II-is biblioTekaSi upovia wigni `matiane SemecnebaTa~,
romlis mixedviTac qarTvelebs farnavazamde hqoniaT anbani, damwerloba,
oRond igi xevisberTa, anu qurumTa wreSi yofila farulad mosaxmari - es
iyo xucuri anbani, igi ebraulis mixedviT yofila Seqmnili. farnavazs misgan
ganuviTarebia mxedruli anbani159. samarTlis terminologiis dadgenis dros
n. mari misula daskvnamde, rom sityva `sazepuro~ - sparsuli warmoSobisaa
(zenduri `visoputra~, aqedan `sepuh~) da niSnavs `sakuTars~, `sobstvenni~,
Semdeg miiRo warCinebulis mniSvneloba. TviTon `samarTlis~ fuZe `marTalSi~
gamoyo fuZe `arT~ `arta~. Zveli induri `arta~, `rta~ niSnavda simarTles,
siwmindes. Zvel sparsulSi `arta~ (arTa) erqva RvTaebasac (magram gvaqvs
waRmarTi, ukuRmarTi, aRmarTi, daRmarTi, mimarTva, momarTva da sxva).
aleqsandre vaCeiSvilma 1946-48 wlebSi gamoaqveyna Tavisi naSromi
`narkvevebi qarTuli samarTlis istoriidan~.
al. vaCeiSvilis azriT, ivane javaxiSvilma safuZveli Cauyara qarTuli
samarTlis
istoriis
sakiTxebis
mecnierul
Seswavlas,
mohyavs
iv.
javaxiSvilis Tvalsazrisi, rom qarTuli samarTlis istoriis Seswavlas
abrkolebs qarTuli iuridiuli Zeglebis kritikulad gadasinjuli da
dadgenili teqstebis gamoucemloba.

al. vaCeiSvilis azriT, `Zveli drois saero kanonmdeblobidan Cven xanamde

qarTuli iuridiuli Zeglebi ar Semonaxula~160. Semonaxulia mxolod erTi
iuridiuli Zeglis nawyveti - `bagrat kurapalatis samarTlis wignis
nawyveti~, romelic iv. javaxiSvilis azriT, bagrat III-is xanas, XI s. damdegs
ekuTvnis. ucxoeli mkvlevaris, karstis SexedulebiT, X-XI ss-Si Sedgenili
bagratis kodeqsi xelaxla gadamuSavebuli da Sevsebuli kanonikuri
samarTlis elementebiT da saepiskoposo-saeklesio samarTlis zegavleniT
moTavsebulia aRbuRas kodeqsSi161. am kodeqsis daniSnulebaa Seqmnil iqnes
Sereuli iurisdiqciis dargi, romelic ganawilebulia saero xelisuflebasa
da eklesias Soris, rac gasagebs xdis kanonikuri samarTlis im Zlier
elements, romelsac vnaxulobT am kanonmdeblobaSi162.
saero xelisuflebis sasjelis garda, kanoni damnaSaves aseve emuqreba
saeklesio xasiaTis sasjeliT (igulisxmeba beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis e.w.
`kanonikuri samarTali~), es ukanaskneli ki metad sastiki iyo163. iv.
javaxiSvili ambobs: `SeCvenebuls veravin miekareboda, aravis ar unda eSvela
misTvis, Tund rom gaWirvebuli yofiliyo, imitom rom vinc ki mas miiRebda,
isic wyeul-SeCvenebuli gaxdeboda~.
al.
vaCeiSvilis
SexedulebiT,
bizantiis
sakanonmdeblo
Zeglebi
saqarTvelos saeklesio cxovrebaSi moqmed samarTlad iyo miCneuli. qarTuli
eklesiis iuridiul normebs Zlieri gavlena hqondaT saero samarTalze.
zogierTi saero samarTlis institutis wyaro saeklesio kanonmdeblobaSi
unda veZioT. Zvel saqarTveloSi, gansakuTrebiT X-XI ss-Si metad farTo iyo
saeklesio sasamarTloebis iurisdiqcia. maT eqvemdebareboda iseTi saqmeebi,
romlebic Semdgom saukuneebSi saero sasamarTloebis xelSi gadavida164. iv.
javaxiSvilis sityviT, `qarTuli saeklesio samarTlis moqmedebis asparezi
wmida saeklesio cxovrebis mowesrigebiT ar ganisazRvreboda, aramed
gacilebiT ufro farTo daniSnuleba da sarbieli hqonda165.. saeklesio
samarTlis Zeglebis gziT aris Semosuli qarTul sasamarTloSi sxvadasxva
iuridiuli cneba. am mxriv saqarTvelo gamonakliss ar warmoadgens, radgan
imave movlenas adgili aqvs dasavleT evropis xalxTa iuridiul cxovrebaSi
da agreTve rusuli samarTlis istoriaSic~166.
al. vaCeiSvilis dakvirvebiT, evropeli mkvlevaris, karstis SexedulebiT
saqarTveloSi ori umaRlesi xelisuflebis saeklesio da saeros arsebobam gamoiwvia umaRlesi iurisdiqciis or dargad dayofa, sasulierod,
romelic ekuTvnoda kaTalikoss da saerod, romelic mefis xelT iyo. ori
iurisdiqciis arsebobas karsti did rols miawers. am faqts, misi sityviT,
Tanamedrove iuristebma ar miaqcies saTanado yuradReba. am dayofas karsti
gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aniWebs, radganac sisxlis samarTlis dargi
saerTod, principialurad,
kaTalikosis saeklesio kompetenciaSi Sedioda,
samoqalaqo iurisdiqciis dargis saojaxo da saqorwino samarTalic
eklesiis xelSi iyo167. amiT xsnis karsti im garemoebas, rom samefo kanoni
sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebis ganxilvisas meryeobas iCens da Cveulebriv maT
akuTvnebs kaTalikozis kompetencias, amave faqtSi eZebs igi imis axsnas, rom
kaTalikosTa kanonebi arsebiTad sisxlis samarTlis dargs ekuTvnian da
sikvdiliT dasjas da gaZevebas aweseben. politikuri mosazrebis gamo
kaTalikozi `nebayoflobiT uTmobs~ sisxlis samarTlis iurisdiqciis nawils

mefes, gansakuTrebiT ganaCenTa aRsrulebis sferoSi da im dargs, rac

sxeulis sasjelebTan aris dakavSirebuli (dasaxiCreba, asoTmiReba, Tvalebis
daTxra)~. maSasadame, karstis mtkicebiT, sisxlis samarTlis samarTlis
saqmeebi
eqvemdebareboda
kaTalikozs,
xolo
samoqalaqo
samarTlisa,
zogierTi gamonaklisiT mefes. al. vaCeiSvilis azriT, aseTi daskvna
faqtebs, saqmis namdvil viTarebas ar Seesabameba. misi azriT, iurisdiqcias
sisxlis samarTlis dargSi Sereuli xasiaTi hqonda. orive, rogorc
sasuliero,
ise
saero
marTlmsajulebis
ganxorcielebis
saqmeSi
monawileobda vaxtangis kanonebis zogierTi im muxlis Tanaxmad, sadac
erTad aris moxseniebuli mefisa da kaTalikosis iurisdiqcia168.
iv. surgulaZis SexedulebiT arsebobda danaSaulTa specialuri sfero,
romelic mxolod eklesiis iurisdiqciis sagans Seadgenda (sarwmunoebrivi,
zneobrivi da ojaxuri urTierTobis niadagze warmoSobili danaSauli),
magram amave dros saerTo xasiaTis danaSauls (mkvleloba, qurdoba da sxva)
iTvaliswinebs da sjis Tavisi dadgenilebebiTa da sanqciebiT. amis mizezad
mkvlevars miaCnia is faqti, rom saqarTveloSi eklesia mxars uWers
xelisuflebas da TanamSromlobs danaSaulis devnasa da dasjaSi170.
`saeklesio samarTali, rogorc saqarTvelos saxelmwifo cxovrebaSi
bizantiis gavlenis Semomtani da gamomsaxveli, sisxlis samarTlis dargSi
ueWvelad sajaro sawyisebs icavda... romlis Tanaxmad, damnaSave unda
daisajos ara dazaralebuli piris, aramed saxelmwifos interesebis
dasakmayofileblad... kaTalikozTa samarTalSi sasjeli swored sajaro
safuZvelzea agebuli~171.
al. vaCeiSvilis SexedulebiT, eklesia Zlier politikur da ideologiur
gavlenas axdenda mTel imdroindel sazogadoebriv urTierTobebsa da yofacxovrebaze, sazogadoebis msoflmxedveloba, kultura, zne-Cveuleba da
samarTali religiuri suliskveTebiT iyo gamsWvaluli. zogierT qveyanaSi
eklesia aRwevda kidec politikur upiratesobas. eklesiis Zlieri politikuri
mdgomareobis Sesabamisad misi iurisdiqciac farTo iyo. XII s-isaTvis
eklesiam safrangeTSi moipova vrceli kompetencia, mas eqvemdebareboda
sisxlis
samarTlis
da
aseve
samoqalaqo
saqmeebi,
Tumca
zogjer
paralelurad saero xelisuflebis organoebTan171. amis mizezad al.
vaCeiSvils miaCnia saxelmwifo xelisuflebis daknineba, saxelmwifos ideis
dasusteba, meore mizezad Tvlian imas, rom sazogadoebrivi azri eklesiis
sasamarTloTa mxareze iyo, isini udavod ufro maRla idgnen, vidre saero
xasiaTis sasamarTloebi. eklesia Zalian farTod avrcelebda Tavis
iurisdiqcias saero pirebze.
saqarTveloSi eklesias gaaCnda farTo iurisdiqcia sxvadasxva sakiTxSi172.
vaxtang VI-is samarTlis wignis 61-e muxlidan Cans, rom kaTalikosis
kompetencia gansazRvruli iyo sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebSi. sxva zogierT
muxlSi laparakia eklesiis sasamarTlo kompetenciaze (muxli 24, 62, 64, 65, 66,
78, 79, 81, 82, 95, 96, 97, 155, 262). zogierTi muxlis Tanaxmad, saqmis ganxilvis
ufleba ekuTvnis mxolod kaTalikoss, zogierT muxlSi kanonmdebeli
iTvaliswinebs kaTalikosis da mefis SeerTebul iurisdiqcias (igulisxmeba
vaxtang VI-is kanonebi).
beqas kanonebidan gamomdinare, karstis SexedulebiT, mawyvereli araa
mxolod saaTabagos uzenaesi pontifi, igi imave dros saero batonia, romelic

inawilebs aTabagTan sakanonmdeblo da umaRles xelisuflebas, mis

iurisdiqcias ekuTvnis 1. Ralati, 2. SebrZolebani da Tavdasxmebi feodalebs
Soris, sadac mawyverels hqonda Carevis da arbitraJis ufleba, romelsac igi
iyenebda vetos dadebis da zavis Camogdebis gziT; 3. mZime danaSaulni,
Cadenilni erTi da imave ojaxis an gvaris wevrebs Soris, 4) saojaxo,
saqorwino da memkvidreobis anu kanonikuri, sasamarTloebi, romlebic
mawyverels eqvem-debarebian.
al.
vaCeiSvilis
SexedulebiT
karstis
mier
gamoTqmuli
azri
gadaWarbebuli araa da istoriul sinamdviles Seesabameba. karsti laparakobs
mawyverelze, magram es Seexeba saerTod qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqcias, mis
mdgomareobasa da uflebebs marTlmsajulebis dargSi, am mxriv saaTabagoSi
miRebuli saeklesio cxovrebis wesebi da eklesiis privilegiebi qarTuli
eklesiis privilegirebuli mdgomareobis gamomxatveli iyo173.
iv. surgulaZe `narkvevebi saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da samarTlis
istoriidan~ ganixilavs saeklesio gadasaxdelebs. Zlier gavrcelebuli
sayovelTao saeklesio gadasaxadi iyo drama, `am gadasaxdelis Sinaarsi
mdgomareobda garkveuli raodenobis xorbleulis gadasaxdelSi. XVII-XVIII
saukuneebSi drama fulidan produqtebis gadasaxdelad gadaiqca~174. sxva
gadasaxdeli iyo `sakanono~. mas eklesia iRebda damnaSavisagan. `saeklesio
sasamarTlos eqvemdebareboda garkveuli sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebi~174,
magaliTad, erTi cnobiT mkvlel damnaSaves gadaaxdevines sakanonod erTi
xari, jvardauwerel qmars ori xari da sxva. uziareblad gardacvalebisas
Wirisuflis sakanono iyo erTi xari. mesame gadasaxdeli iyo `niSani~ - esaa
gamosaRebi, romelsac eklesiis msaxurni iRebdnen vismes gardacvalebis
SemTxvevaSi175. mas ixdida mosaxleobis yvela fena episkoposis sasargeblod.
amis garda, sxvadasxva wesis Sesrulebisas monaTvla, gvirgvinis kurTxeva,
gardacvalebisas ixdidnen morwmuneni176.
iv. surgulaZe naSromSi `qarTuli samarTlis istoriis wyaroebi~, exeba
xevsureTSi SemorCenil wess, roca mniSvnelovani saqmis garCevis dros
ganaCenis an gadawyvetilebis gamosatanad mimarTavdnen `bWes~ an `rjulis
kacs~ - aseTi `rjulis kacebi~ mravalia xevsureTis sxvadasxva sofelSi.
`rjulis kaci~ Wkua gonebiT saxelganTqmuli xnieri kacia, cnobilia, viTarca
Cvevebis didi mcodne. Tu saqme mniSvnelovani iyo da imave dros aseTi saqmis
Sesaxeb garkveuli wesi ar axsovdaT an sakiTxi sadavo iyo, maSin `rjulis
kacebs~ iwvevdnen xevsureTis yvela soflidan da isini erTad Sekrebilni
arCevdnen saqmes. es wesi177, romelic SemorCa xevsureTSi, Zvel saqarTveloSi
odesRac arsebuli wesrigis anarekli unda iyos. TviT sityva `rjulis kaci~,
igivea, rac Zveli qarTuli `merCule~, `merjule~, rjulis, e.i. kanonis, wesis
mcodne. merCuleTa anu `rjulis kacTa~ erTad Sekreba albaT anareklia
krebisa, sasamarTlo Sekrebisa, anu Tu gnebavT saeklesio krebisa, radganac
`rjuli~, swored saeklesio sferos ganekuTvneba, Tumca ZvelqarTulad
rjuli igivea, rac kanoni, wesi, romlis damcveli yovelTvis eklesia iyo.
iv. surgulaZe aRniSnavs, rom `saeklesio Sinaarsis Zeglebs qristianul
qveynebSi, da kerZod, saqarTveloSi moqmedi samarTlis mniSvneloba hqondaT.
aseTi Zeglebi orgvaria: msoflio saeklesio krebebis kanonmdebloba,
romlebic gadmoTargmnili iyo qarTulad da qarTuli, e.i. adgilobrivi

saeklesio krebebis dadgenilebani. saeklesio Sinaarsis Zeglebi qarTuli

saxelmwifosa da samarTlis istoriis SemswavlelTaTvis mravalmxriv aris
sayuradRebo: maTSi moipoveba saintereso masala saxelmwifo samarTlis,
sisxlisa da samoqalaqo samarTlis institutebis Sesaxeb. am Zeglebis
saSualebiT SeiZleba gaTvaliswinebul iqnes saxelmwifosa da eklesiis
damokidebulebis sakiTxebi, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania es Zeglebi saojaxo
samarTlis institutebis Sesaswavlad, radganac, rogorc cnobilia, eklesia
saojaxo sakiTxebis mimarT gansakuTrebul interess iCenda. qarTuli
samarTlis istoriis Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelovania
adgilobrivi,
qarTuli
saeklesio
krebebis
dadgenilebani.
saeklesio
sasamarTlos eqvemdebareboda zogierTi saero Sinaarsis saqme qorwinebis,
gayris, col-qmarTa damokidebulebisa da sxv. amasTanave, sisxlis samarTlis
zogierTi saqme, saero sasamarTlo sasjelis garda, damatebiTi saxiT,
saeklesio sasamarTlos sasjelsac iwvevda. amasTanave, eklesia garkveul
urTierTobaSi imyofeboda samefo xelisfulebasTan: hyavda jari, moxeleebi,
hqonda Tavisi droSa da sxv.~178.
iv. surgulaZis azriT - `kanons Zvel qarTulSi sjuli ewodeboda.
tipikonSi gvxvdeba termini `Sjulis-deba~ e.i. sjuldeba179,
romliTac
aRiniSneba gangeba,
wesdeba,
TviT tipikoni. samefo xelisuflebis mier
Sedgenil kanonebs sjuldeba erqva180.
`beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis wignis e.w. `danarTi muxlebis~ raobisa da
mniSvnelobis garkvevis sakiTxi... sakuTriv beqa-aRbuRas samarTali Sedgeba 98
muxlisagan (aqedan beqas ekuTvnis 65, aRbuRas 33 muxli), am samarTals
vaxtangiseul nusxaSi axlavs 72 e.w. `danarTi muxli~, romelTagan 62 muxli
(99-160), ukanaskneli gamokvlevebiT, miCneulia bagrat kurapalatis samarTlad,
xolo 10 muxli (161-170) kanonikuri samarTlis fragmentad. qarTul
istoriografiaSi amJamad gabatonebulia Tvalsazrisi, romlis mixedviT es 72
muxli TiTqos SecdomiT aris darTuli beqa-aRbuRas samarTalze da,
maSasadame, ar warmoadgens beqa-aRbuRas saxeliT cnobili Zeglis nawils...
Tvalsazrisi, TiTqos zemoT xsenebuli 72 muxli SecdomiT iyo darTuli beqaaRbuRas samarTalze, swori ar aris aseve mcdaria azri, TiTqos danarTi
muxlebis ZiriTadi nawili (99-160) marto bagrat kuparalatis samarTals
warmoadgendes181.
z. ratiani SeniSnavs, rom beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis wignis danarTi muxlis
arseboba pirvelad iv. javaxiSvilma SeniSna. manve gamoTqva mosazreba, TiTqos
es muxlebi `SemTxveviT da SecdomiT~ iyos darTuli beqa-aRbuRas
samarTalze. is. doliZis azriT, am muxlebis damateba unda mieweros vaxtang
mefis sakodifikacio komisias182. frangi mecnieris ak. karstis SexedulebiT,
bagratis kodeqsi Sedga X-XI saukuneebSi, Semdegi redaqcia mas gaukeTa daviT
aRmaSenebelma, SemdgomSi es bolo redaqcia gadamuSavda da Seivso
saepiskopos-saeklesio samarTlis mcodneTa mier da moTavsda aRbuRas
kodeqsSi. z. ratiani aRniSnavs, rom karsts Tavisi Tvalsazrisi dasabuTebuli
ara aqvs. z. ratiani gamoricxavs imis SesaZleblobas, rom vaxtang VI-is
swavlul kacTa komisias daeSva Secdoma da beqa-aRbuRas kanonebisaTvis
miewera e.w. danarTi muxlebi183. z. ratiani askvnis, rom e.w. danarTi muxlebi
sinamdvileSi
warmoadgens
beqa-aRbuRas
samarTlis
organul
nawils,

romelnic avseben da srulyofen mas184. z. ratians mohyavs aRniSnuli

`danarTi muxlebis~ SesavalSi arsebuli winadadeba - `saxeliTa RmrTisaiTa
daiwyebis saRmrToisa gaCenili da gasaCeneli, pirvelad daviTian bagrat
kurapalatisa da aRmaSenebelTa mefeT-mefeTa brZanebiTa da merme ebiskoposTa
didebulTa da aznaurTa da WkuianTa kacTa mefeTa winaSe erTbamad gaCenili
gangebiTa RmrTisaiTa~.
aq naxsenebi `aRmaSenebelTa mefeT-mefeTa brZanebiTa~ z. ratians
ganmartebuli aqvs TiTqosda saubaria daviT aRmaSenebelze185, sinamdvileSi
ki aq saubaria ara erT `aRmaSenebel~ mefeze, aramed mraval `aRmaSenebel~
mefeze. aRmaSenebeli ar ewodeboda mxolod daviT aRmaSenebels, aramed yvela
keTilmorwmune, qveynis maSenebel mefes, aseTni ki mravalni iyvnen aRmavlobis
gzaze mdgar tao-klarjeTis `qarTvelTa samefosa~ da saqarTvelos sxva
adgilobriv samefo erTeulebSi, Tu aras vityviT gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos
pirvel mefeebze. aq `aRmaSenebel mefeebSi~ unda igulisxmebodes bagrat
kurapalatis (IX s) Semdgomi mefeebi, romelnic arabTa mier ganadgurebuli
qveynis marTlac rom aRmaSenebelni iyvnen. ase rom, aq daviT aRmaSenebeli ar
unda igulisxmebodes.
z. ratiani gamoTqvams mosazrebas, rom monRolTa Semosevebis dros
`yvelaze naklebad eklesia dazianda~186. amitomac Tavisi mdgomareobis
SenarCunebis mizniT saeklesio pirebis mier moxda bagrat-daviTis samarTlis
axali redaqcia monRolTa Semosevis momdevno periodSi 1249-1316 wlebSi. is
`gaZlierebulma samRvdeloebam Tavisi interesebis Sesaferisad gadaakeTa~187.
es mosazreba usafuZvloa. z. ratiani samarTlianad SeniSnavs, rom beqaaRbuRas samarTals Zvel saqarTveloSi `beqasagan ganaCeni samarTali~
ewodeboda. z. ratiani yuradRebas apyrobs samcxis samTavros uzenaes
sasuliero xelisufals mawyverel-episkoposs. aRniSnavs, rom `faqtiurad
mawyverelis gavlena arcTu Camouvardeba, aramed aWarbebs kidec mTavris
gavlenas~188. `samarTlidan Cans, rom mawyverelis sisxli iseve araa
gansazRvruli, rogorc aTabagisa, maSasadame, oriveni kanonze maRla dganan,
rogorc uzenaesi xelisufalni. aTabagi umaRlesi saero xelisufalia,
mawyvereli umaRlesi sasuliero xelisufali. rogorc aTabagi ar scnobs
mefis
xelisuflebas,
aseve
mawyvereli
ar
scnobs
kaTalikosis
xelisuflebas~188.
`samarTlidan Cans, rom mawyvereli ara marto sasuliero saqmeebs
ganagebda, aramed saerosac, rasac ukve pirvelive muxli gvimowmebs. gamodis,
rom mawyverelis xelisufleba ufro vrceli iyo, vidre aTabagisa, radgan
aTabagi mxolod saero gamgebelia, mawyvereli ki, garda Tavisi ZiriTadi,
sasuliero moRvaweobisa, saero saqmeebSic ereoda~188. z. ratiani aRniSnavs,
`kanons warmoudgenlad miaCnia moZRvris Sepyroba (episkoposze rom araferi
vTqvaT) ... sakuTriv mRvdeli da monazoni, viTarca sasuliero pirni, maRla
dganan maT saero moZmeebze~189.
g. nadareiSvili friad sayuradRebosa da swors uwodebs iv. javaxiSvilis
mosazrebas, rom `qarTuli saeklesio samarTali marto SinaarsiT ki ar iyo
saeklesio, aramed warmomdinareobiTac. am mxriv qarTuli saeklesio
samarTali ufro romis kaTolikeTa eklesiis `Corpus iuris cononici~-is miagavs,
vidre aRmosavleTis eklesiis, berZenTa da rusTa saeklesio samarTals,

imgvaradve, rogorc qarTuli eklesia Tavisi wes-wyobilebiT bevri TvisebiT

ufro romis saSualo saukuneebis eklesias miagavda, vidre erTmorwmune
berZenTa da rusTa eklesiebs~190.
g. nadareiSvili SeniSnavs, rom `qarTuli feodaluri wyobileba~
analogiuria ufro dasavlur-evropulisa, vidre musulmanur-aRmosavlurisa.
aseve saSualo saukuneebis qarTuli saojaxo samarTalic met siaxloves
amJRavnebs evropis qveynebis saojaxo samarTlis institutebTan~191.
g. nadareiSvili saojaxo-saqorwino urTierTobis sakiTxebze didi
mniSvnelobis wyarod miiCnevs mociqulebisa da msoflio da adgilobriv
krebaTa kanonebs. aseve berZnulidan SerCeviT Targmnil kanonikuri samarTlis
Zeglebs... `basili makedonelis proxironis meSvide tituli, romelic
naTesaobis xarisxs exeba, saqarTveloSi moqmed sakanonmdeblo normad unda
CaiTvalos. aseve moqmed an nawilobriv moqmed samarTlad unda CaiTvalos
vaxtangis krebulSi Sesuli e.w. `berZnuli kanonebi~, romlebic maTe
blastaris
sintagmas
armenopulos
eqvs
wignTagan
Sevsebuls
unda
warmoadgendes~192.
`gacilebiT ufro didi mniSvnelobis wyarod unda CaiTvalos qarTuli
adgilobrivi
saeklesio
krebebis
dadgenilebebi,
kaTalikos-patriarqTa
epistoleebi, samarTlis wignebi da sasamarTlo praqtika, agreTve naratiuli
wyaroebi...
Sua
saukuneebis
saqarTveloSi
specialuri
saxelmwifo
sakanonmdeblo organo ar arsebobda. erTaderTi kanonmdebeli iyo mefe... aseve
saeklesio krebebic mefeTa dasturiT da mis moxeleTa monawileobiTve
eweodnen sakanonmdeblo saqmianobas~193.
1975 wels gamoqveynda qarTuli kanonikuri samarTlis mniSvnelovani Zegli
`didi sjuliskanoni~, Tavis dros Targmnili arsen iyalToelis mier. mis
winasityvaobaSi enriko gabiZaSvili wers saqarTvelos adgilobriv krebebTan
dakavSirebiT: `qarTuli eklesiis istoria misi uZvelesi periodidanve Zneli
warmosadgenia adgilobrivi saeklesio krebebis gareSe, xolo adgilobrivi
krebebi, imisda mixedviT, Tu ra rangisa iqnebodnen isini - kanonmdeblobis
gareSe. marTalia, yvela adgilobrivi kreba saeklesio kanonmdeblobas ar
iTvaliswinebda da mxolod eklesiis mimdinare wvrilmani sakiTxebis
gadawyvetiT
kmayofildeboda~194,
miuxedavad
saqarTvelos
xangrZlivi
saeklesio istoriisa, `originaluri kanonikuri mwerlobis arc erT Zegls
Cvenamde ar mouRwevia XII s. dasawyisamde. bednier gamonaklisad ruis-urbnisis
1105 w. saeklesio krebis Zegliswera unda CaiTvalos, romelic ramdenime
nusxiTaa Semonaxuli... rac Seexeba saeklesio kanonmdeblobis naTargmn
Zeglebs, arc amiTaa mdidari Zveli qarTuli mwerloba.
meaTe saukunemde, qarTul enaze ar SemogvrCenia aramcTu raime Targmnili
kanonikuri krebuli, aramed kanonikuri xasiaTis statiac ki195.
e. gabiZaSvili eTanxmeba iv. javaxiSvils, rom XII saukunemdec unda
arsebuliyo saqarTvelos saeklesio krebaTa mier gamocemuli Sesabamisi
dadgenilebani da ganCinebani werilobiTi saxiT gadmocemulni, magram dRemde
maT ar mouRweviaT - `krebaTa aqtebi anu `Zegliswera~, iseve rogorc sxva
saeklesio krebaTa dadgenilebani, romelTa Sesaxeb ubralo cnobebic ki ar
gvaqvs, dReisaTvis dakargulad unda miviCnioT~195.

e. gabiZaSvili ar eTanxmeba iv. javaxiSvils, romelic fiqrobda, rom VII s.

dasawyisSi, `epistoleTa wignis~ mixedviT kirionma III epistoles Tanaxmad
specialurad Targmna da somex mRvdelmTavrebs gaugzavna `oTxTa krebaTa
wignebi~, rac miuTiTebs, rom `VI-VII ss saqarTvelos eklesias msoflio
krebebis ZeglisweraTa wigni hqonia, da amgvarad qarTuli kanonikuri
mwerloba, am SemTxvevaSi msoflio eklesiis kanonebis saxiT, mainc arsebobda,
rasakvirvelia, adgilobrivi krebebis ZeglisweraTa wignebic iqneboda~196. e.
gabiZaSvili eTanxmeba k. kekeliZes, romlis azriTac, `epistoleTa wignis
cnobaSi saubari pirveli oTxi msoflio krebis sarwmunoebis simbolos exeba,
`miT umetes, rom nikeis I da konstantinopolis II msoflio krebaTa aqtebi,
krebis sxdomaTa zustad Cawerili oqmebi, rogoric yvela sxva msoflio
krebis Sesaxeb gvaqvs, saerTod ar unda arsebuliyo~197.
e. gabiZaSvilis azriT, saqarTveloSi kanonikur mwerlobas safuZveli
Caeyara eqvTime mTawmidelis mTargmnelobiTi moRvaweobis Sedegad. marTalia
iqamde grigol oSkels (X s. dasawyisi) somxuridan uTargmnia grigol
nazianzelis erTi Txzuleba, romelsac garkveuli kavSiri hqonda I da II
msoflio krebebze arianelTa sakiTxis irgvliv ganviTarebul kamaTTan,
magram igi e. gabiZaSvils mainc miaCnia ara kanonikuri literaturis Zeglad,
aramed dogmatikur-polemikurad da fiqrobs, rom pirveli kanonikuri krebuli
`mcire rCuliskanoni~ eqvTime mTawmidelma Seadgina berZnulidan Targmnili
sxvadasxva kanonikuri statiis safuZvelze, qarTuli eklesiis praqtikuli
saWiroebisaTvis. krebulSi Sesuli: 1. `wesi da gangeba da rCuliskanoni
meeqvsisa krebisa~, warmoadgens trulis 691 wlis krebis saxecvlil krebuls.
2. `kanoni SecodebulTani~, avtorad ioane mmarxveli (konstantinopolis V s.
mTavarepiskoposi) aris dasaxelebuli, rac simarTles ar Seefereba, vinaidan
Zegli VIII-IX saukuneebSi Seqmnilad aris miCneuli. 3. `kanoni dRiTi-dReTa
cTomaTani~, romlis avtorad basilia dasaxelebuli, kidev ufro gviandeli
unda iyos. 4. `Zegliswera~ sarwmunoebisa, romeli aRwers wmidaTa mamaTa
konstantinopoles SekrebilTa, wmidaTa xatTa TayvaniscemisaTvis~198.
e. gabiZaSvilis daskvniT, eqvTimes es naSromi warmoadgens Tavisebur
kanonikur krebuls, Sedgenils trulis 691 wlis krebis kanonebisa da basili
didis kanonebis safuZvelze, romelsac damatebuli aqvs TviT mTargmnelis
mier sxvadasxva wyaros mixedviT Sedgenili kanonebic, maT Soris qarTuli da
somxuri eklesiebis Sesaxebac199.
samarTlis sferoSi, aRniSnulis garda, eqvTimes dauweria kanonikurliturgikuli Sroma, romelSic ganmartebulia disciplinaruli xasiaTis
sxvadasxva sakiTxi. Txzuleba warmoadgens pasuxs giorgi beris SekiTxvaze,
romelic mas Wyondididan eqvTimesaTvis gaugzavnia200. e. gabiZaSvili wers,
rom eqvTimes garda zemoaRniSnulisa, uTargmnia `mcneba da gangeba
msoflioTa xucesTa berZnuli, romeli gardmosca qarTulad didma
efTvimi~201.
giorgi mTawmidels uTargmnia Txzuleba `mcneba mRvdelTa mimarT~,
`mcneba wmidisa Jamiswirvisa mimarT, raTa ara wirviden dResa Sina orgzis,
aramed erTgzis~. e. gabiZaSvilis azriT, SesaZloa giorgi mTawmidelma
agreTve Targmna mesame msoflio krebis irgvliv Seqmnili epistolaruli
memkvidreobis nawili, romelsac Cvenamde ar mouRwevia. igi eTanxmeba k.

kekeliZes, rom giorgi mTawmidelis redaqtors an gadamwers Secdoma mouvida

da mas miaweres `wigni meeqvsisa krebisas~ Targmna, agreTve aRniSnavs, rom
marTalia, qarTul naTargmn litera-turaSi bevri Txzuleba Seexeba
saeklesio krebaTa istorias da dogmatikur sakiTxebs, magram maT kanonikur
mwerlobasTan mxolod zogadi Sexeba aqvs (nawili maTi Tavmoyrilia arsen
iyalToelis `dogmatikonSi~)202.
`did sjuliskanonTan~ dakavSirebiT, e. gabiZaSvilis azriT, arsen
iyalToelis mier Targmnili aRniSnuli krebuli berZnuli 14-titlovani
nomokanonis - ZiriTadi kanonikuri kodeqsis erTaderTi Targmania qarTulad
da es Zegli arc manamde da arc Semdeg ar yofila gadmoRebuli203.
e. gabiZaSvilis azriT, arsen iyalToelma `didi sjuliskanoni~ Targmna
1105 wlamde, ruis-urbnisis krebis mowvevamde, radganac krebis `Zeglisweras~
didi sjuliskanonis qarTuli Targmanis kvali atyvia204. misi Targmna ruisurbnisis krebis mzadebasTan yofila dakavSirebuli. amitom misi Targmna XI s.
miwurulSi an XII s. pirvel naxevarSi aris savaraudebeli205. arsen
iyalToels SeurCevia nomokanonis is redaqcia, romelic qristianulma
eklesiam 920 wlis konstantinopolis erT-erT udides krebaze oficialur
kanonikur kodeqsad aRiara. e. gabiZaSvilis azriT, termini `sjuliskanoni~ ar
aris `nomokanonis~ Targmani. `nomos~, misi azriT, qarTulad ar udris
`sjuls~.
sjuli
aq
sarwmunoebrivi
samarTlis
mniSvnelobas
unda
gulisxmobdes206.
e.
gabiZaSvili
xangrZlivi
kvleviT
askvnis,
rom
ruis-urbnisis
`Zeglisweris~ erT-erTi ZiriTadi wyaro `didi sjuliskanonia~207 da
Sedgenil iqna am krebis mowvevamde. misi azriT, ruis-urbnisis kreba mowveul
iqna ara 1103 wels, aramed 1105 wels, Tumca vaxuSti miuTiTebs 1103 wels anu
qarTuli qoronikonis 323 wels208. e. gabiZaSvils mohyavs Tavisi angariSi am
krebis mowvevisa, rac damajereblad ar gveCvena209.
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis cnobil mkvlevars babilina lominaZes
mravali naSromi aqvs Cveni eklesiis istoriis calkeuli periodebisa. maTSi
uxvad aris gabneuli mniSvnelovani mosazrebani saeklesio samarTlis
Sesaxebac. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia babilina lominaZis gamokvlevaL
`afxazeTis sakaTalikosos sinodis mier miRebuli kanonebi (XVI s)~.
misi gamokvlevis Tanaxmad, es e.w. `kaTalikosTa samarTalis~ saxeliT
cnobili saeklesio-iuridiuli Zegli gamosca dasavleT saqarTvelos, anu
afxazeTis sakaTalikosos saeklesio krebam (mas mkvlevari `sinods~ uwodebs),
afxazeTis kaTalikosis evdemon CxetiZis dros (1557-1578 ww.). am saeklesio
krebam `SeimuSava kanonebi mosaxleobaSi darRveuli samoqalaqo da saeklesio
wesebis aRsadgenad~210.
babilina lominaZis azriT, `krebis mowvevis dros saqarTvelo mZime
sagareo da saSinao mdgomareobaSi imyofeboda... qveyanas Zirs uTxrida tyveTa
syidva (romlis bazari TurqeTSi iyo, umetesad, afxazeTis meSveobiT).
mosaxleobaSi, gansakuTrebiT afxazeTSi, qristianuli `rjulis garyvna~ am
droisaTvis TiTqmis masobrivi gaxda, radgan yovelmxriv dauZlurebul bars
mieZala
mTieli
mosaxleoba
(adgilobrivi
da
Crdilo
kavkasiidan
gadmosulebi), romlebmac Tan moitanes naxevrad warmarTuli qristianoba...

yovelive am Znelbedobam daarRvia mosaxleobis samoqalaqo da saeklesio

cxovrebis wesrigi~210.
`xsenebuli krebis mier SemuSavebuli kanonebi da windarTuli Sesavali
reliefurad gvamcnobs, Tu saxeldobr ra saxis `uwesobani yofila
mosaxleobaSi gavrcelebuli. SesavalSi naTqvamia (mogvaqvs SemoklebiT): `me....
yovlisa saqarTvelosa kaTalikozman patriarqman malaqia, me... afxazeTisa
kaTalikozman mamaTmTavarman evdemon, davsxediT da SevkribeniT yovelni
episkoposni afxazeTisani da didi siymili movida codvaTa CuenTagan, mravali
uwesoba da ujero saqme Semovida: kacis kvla, kacis syidva, eklesiis krexva
da uxvedroba. davideviT sjuliskanoni... da sjulis kanonica asre
brZanebs~211.
`garda zemoxsenebuli ori kaTalikosisa, krebas eswreboda yvela
episkoposi dasavleT saqarTvelodan (`afxazeTidan~) - sul aTi: quTaTeli
mitropoliti svimoni, gelaTeli mTavarepiskoposi antoni, mama Wyondideli,
bedieli mitropoliti, moqveli mTavarepiskoposi, drandeli mitropoliti
filipe, cagareli mamamTavari kozman, xoneli mTavarepiskoposi zaqaria,
nikorwmindeli episkoposi iovakim, CaiSeli mamamTavari kirile. am pirebs
daumtkicebiaT krebis oqmi xelis moweriT boloSi `kanoniTa vamtkiceb~.
damswreTa raodenoba 12 akmayofilebda krebis kanonikur wess~212.
b. lominaZe wers,: `krebam SeimuSava metad mkacri sasjelebi, romlebic
gaaforma daaxloebiT 23 muxlSi (kanonSi). `samarTali~ umaRlesi fizikuri
sasjelisagan (sikvdilisagan) ar indobs kacis gamyidvels, romel wodebasac
ar unda ekuTvnodes is. tyvis gamyidveli Tu ver daabrunebs da gamoixsnis
tyves, `veram saqmem ver ixsnas, ukanonodca ars, - Zels mieces~ (CamoxrCobil
iqnes), Tu gamoixsnis tyvis gamyidveli, maSin `SeCvenebul iyos~ (mux. 1). `vinc
eklesia gatexos da xati gaZarcos, ukanonod Zels mieces~ (muxl. 2) aq or
SemTxvevaSi miTiTeba `ukanonod~ imas niSnavs, rom damnaSavis sikvdiliT
dasja Sesruldes sakanonos gareSe, e.i. damnaSaves aRsarebis (sinanulis) da
ziarebis miRebis ufleba (mRvdlis winaSe) warTmeuli aqvs~213.
`is faqti, rom aseTi ganaCeni iSviaTia TviT am `samarTalSic~, mowmobs
aseTi danaSaulis sixSires. misi simkacre imaSi mdgomareobs, rom damnaSave
ispoba aramarto fizikurad, aramed suliTac, romlis xsna sruliad aRar
SeiZleba (is ver moxvdeba sasufevelSi). sikvdiliT dasja Sefardebuli iyo
mefis RalatisaTvis (muxl. 16), colis `dagdebisaTvis~ bralis gareSe (muxl.
23), qristianuli Cveulebis darRvevisaTvis, rogoric iyo rZlis colad
SerTva, dawesebulia SeCveneba, amasTanave, SesaZleblad sanqcirebulia orives,
kacisa da qalis `dakirva~ (muxl. 22). `samarTalSi~ sxvadasxva fizikuri
sasjelebi gaTvaliswinebulia sisxlis Semdegi danaSaulebebisaTvis: Zmisa da
mamis mkvlelisaTvis xelis moWra (muxl. 4); udanaSaulod kacis mokvlisaTvis
dawesebulia jarima - sisxlis fasi mixedviT imisa, Tu romel wodebas
ekuTvnis mokluli (muxl. 5); aseve dawesebulia jarima qurdobisaTvis (muxli
6)~ (Jurn. `gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademiis uwyebani~)214.
`eklesiebisa da monastrebis adgil-mamulebis dacvisaTvis `samarTalSi
Setanilia muxli, romlis Tanaxmad, vinc miiTvisebs saydris sofels, venaxs
da a.S. `SeCvenebul iyos~ (muxli 20); vinc eklesiaSi Seva da `saqonels~

gamoitans, man unda daabrunos saqoneli da amis Camdeni `daSavdes~ (aq

igulisxmeba materialuri an fizikuri sasjeli) (muxli 3)~214.
`sakaTalikoso kreba SeebrZola adgilebze episkoposisagan saeklesio
wesebis darRvevebs, rogoric iyo uRirsi mRvdlis da diakonis xeldasxma,
amisaTvis qrTamis aReba; rom episkoposebi TavianT samwysoSi drodadro ar
dadian rjulis saqmeebis mosawesrigeblad, saydars ar uvlian, ar zrunaven
misTvis mamulebis SematebisaTvis; saydris `SekazmisaTvis~ saWiro inventariT;
zogierT saepiskoposoSi ziarebas saero kacis xeliT agzavnian an saero
pirebi aziareben. yvela am danaSaulisaTvis `samarTali~ awesebs episkoposis
`SeCvenebas~ (muxlebi: 7, 8, 9, 10, 11); episkoposi, romelic ar gaigonebs
kaTalikosis mxilebas mis danaSaulSi da ar gamoswordeba, mefis mier
gaiZeveba saydridan (muxli 15). (aqedan Cans, rom saepiskoposo kaTedras
mRvdelmTavars aZlevs mefe da ara kaTalikosi). qorepiskoposebi, romlebic
ar asruleben TavianT movaleobas, sasjelad imsaxureben SeCvenebas (muxli
12). `samarTalSi~ ganmartebulia, rom Tu saero piri episkoposs da
qorepiskoposs xels SeuSlis samwyso saqmeebis gangebaSi, `sasjelis~
(gadasaxadis) aRebaSi `SeCvenebul ars~ (muxli 13, 14); `vinc kaTolikozsa da
episkoposs aginos da upatiuroba hkadros,
rarigadac sjulis kanonSi
eweros, imrigad ganipatiJos~ (muxli 17)215.
`bolos, krebis `samarTali~ sasjelad awesebs dakrulva-SeCvenebas
imisaTvis, vinc ar Seiwynarebs am `sjulis wigns~ da ar daemorCileba
kaTolikoss (muxli 21)~216.
`unda aRvniSnoT `samarTlis~ Tavisebureba, rac imaSi mdgomareobda, rom
aq erTad aris ganxiluli saeroTa mier Cadenili danaSauli da sasulieroTa
mimarT Cadenili sxvadasxva danaSauli. aseve saeklesio pirTa mier
Tanamdebobrivi da disciplinaruli darRvevebi da maT mimarT Cadenili
sxvadasxva danaSauli. sxvanairad rom vTqvaT, is faqti, rom `samarTalSi~
erTadaa ganxiluli saeklesio da saero xasiaTis danaSaulobebi Sesabamisi
fizikuri da sasuliero sasjelebiT, miuTiTebs iseT Tvisebaze, rac qarTul
samarTalSi Cveulebrivi ar aris~216.
b. lominaZe aRniSnavs, rom `gansaxilvel `samarTalSi~ aRniSnuli
Tavisebureba SeniSna iurist-mkvlevarma niko xizaniSvilma (XIX s.). is wers:
`samarTali~ Seicavs, `saeklesios garda, zog danaSauls, romelic sisxlis
samarTals Seexeba (mag. kaciskvla...). magram faqtis axsnas, rasac avtori iqve
iZleva, ver daveTanxmebiT. misi azriT: `samoqalaqo da sisxlis samarTlis
`ganucalkevebloba~,
rac
`samarTals
axasiaTebs,
niSnavs
`iuridiul
azrovnebiTs ganuviTareblobas... da kidev imas, rom saqarTveloSi eklesia
mowyobili iyo feodalurad, rac gamoixateboda, rom is Tavis sabrZanebelSi
arCevda yovelgvar danaSauls~. `amiTY aixsneba~, dasZens avtori, rom
samarTalSi `moipoveba iseTi zogierTi danaSauli, romelic saeklesio kanons
ar Seesabameboda~216.
`marTalia, eklesia Sua saukuneebSi `mowyobili iyo feodalurad~, magram
saqme isaa, rom sasamarTlo saqmeebis aseTi ganuyoflobis sistema, romelic
am `samarTalSi~ aris daculi, axasiaTebda saqarTveloSi mxolod, da isic
nawilobriv, iseT zogierT saeklesio senioriebs (mag. samefo monastrebs _
SiomRvimes, gelaTs da mcxeTis sapatriarqos - sveticxovlis saydars mefis
xeldebuls), romlebic sargeblobdnen sasamarTlo imunitetiT. rogorc

sasisxlo (mag., qurdoba, mkvleloba...), ise rjulis saqmeebi, magram mas ar

hqonda ufleba gaerCia iseTi saqme, romelic sasjelis umaRles zomas _
sikvdils moiTxovda. es ukanaskneli mxolod mefis sasamarTlos prerogativa
iyo. saeklesio senioriis sasamarTlo, sadac msajulebad da saqmis gamrCevad
an kaTalikosi, an episkoposi, monastris winamZRoli an mTavardiakoni
(saerTod,
eklesiis
ufrosoba)
gamodioda,
ganaCenSi
kmayofildeboda
damnaSavis jarimiT (dazaralebulis sisxlis fasis mixedviT), amasTan erTad,
sxvadasxva saxis sakanonos dadebiT, eklesiidan gaZevebiT da a.S. rac Seexeba
imas, rom am `samarTalSi~ TiTqos Candes `iuridiuli azris ganuviTarebloba~
(saqmeebis `ganucalkeveblobis~ gamo), arc es aris misaRebi. piriqiT, qarTulma
iuridiulma azrovnebam aseTi tipis `samarTliT~ monaxa gamosavali, rom
arsebul situaciaSi (romelSic qveyana am dros imyofeboda), saxelmwifosa da
eklesias mieRwiaT saerTo miznisaTvis - mZime danaSaulebaTa aRmofxvrisaTvis,
rac eris arsebobas Zirs uTxrida~217.
b. lominaZe aRniSnavs, `samarTlis~ kidev erTi Tavise-burebas: Tormeti
mRvdelmTavris mier SemuSavebul `samarTalSi~, sul 23 muxlidan, sasjelis
umaRlesi zoma - sikvdili sanqcirebulia danaSaulis xuT SemTxvevaSi; sxva
saxis fizikuri sasjeli
Sefardebulia danaSaulis or-sam SemTxvevaSi
(mkvlelobisaTvis, qurdobisaTvis...). saerTod, damnaSavis fizikuri dasja
qarTul marTlmadidebel eklesias da arc msoflios sxva marTlmadidebel
eklesiebs ar axasiaTebT. fizikuri sasjelebi arsebobda dasavleT evropis
romis kaTolikur eklesiaSi, sadac XIII s-Si daarsda sagangebo saeklesio
sasamarTlo inkviziciis saxiT (iarseba XVIII s-mde). inkvizicia arCevda
mosaxleobaSi mxolod gavrcelebul mwvalebelTa (eretikosTa) saqmeebs.
eresSi SemCneul da msjavrdadebul pirovnebas usjida sikvdils cecxlSi
dawviT, wamebas, dapatimrebas da sxv.218.
`samarTalSi~ SeCveneba (anaTema) gamoyenebulia 13 SemTxvevaSi. aqedan
episkoposis mimarT 6 SemTxvevaSi, saeros mimarT 7 SemTxvevaSi
(sakanono
mRvdlis mimarT 3 SemTxvevaSi, saeros mimarT 2 SemTxvevaSi). SeCveneba iyo
sulieri sasjelis umaRlesi zoma. simkacriT is aRemateboda xorciel
umaRles sasjels _ sikvdils, radgan is gulisxmobda sulis sikvdils
(SeCvenebis Teologiuri arsi is aris, rom SeCvenebulis suli xorcieli
gardacvalebis Semdeg veRar moxvdeboda sasufevelSi, qristes meored
mosvlis Semdeg sayovelTao gankiTxvis dros misi suli daemkvidreba
jojoxeTSi... mis suls ver ixsnis veraviTari saSualeba: qvelmoqmedeba, wirvalocva da a.S.), magram mainc aris gamosavali isev eklesiis meSveobiT:
kaTalikosma an episkoposma, romelmac misi suli `Sekra~, masve SeuZlia suli
`axsnas~. episkoposis mimarT SeCvenebis sixSire mowmobs imas, rom saeklesio
danaSaulic Sors yofila wasuli. saerTod ki SeCvenebas umaRles sasjelTa
Soris ukavia pirveli adgili, meorezea fizikuri sasjeli~219.
b. lominaZis azriT, `afxazeTis sakaTalikosos sinodis mier SemuSavebuli
kanonebi (e.w. `samarTali kaTalikosTa~) xasiaTdeba sasjelis simkacriT,
`samarTalSi~ sasjelis umaRles zomad gamoyenebulia sami saxis zoma:
sikvdili, sikvdili `ukanonod~ (mxolod ori saxis danaSaulisaTvis) da
SeCveneba. es garemoeba TavisTavad mowmobs imas, rom mZime danaSauli xSiria
(tyvis gayidva, eklesiis gatexa-gaZarcva... da danaSaulebaTa siRrme imdenad
sagangaSoa, rom am dros mefis Zalaufleba sakmarisi ar aris maT mosaspobad,

saWiro gamxdara eklesiis avtoriteti da misi qmediTi Careva, rac gamoixata

swored amgvari `samarTlis~ SemuSavebaSi. aman, Tavis mxriv, aamaRla eklesiis
roli saxelmwifoSi. amrigad, aseTi `samarTali~ didi Sedegis momtani unda
yofiliyo
dasavleT
saqarTvelos
saero
da
saeklesio
cxovrebis
220
gasajansaReblad~ .
cnobili qarTveli samarTalmcodne da samarTlis Zeglebis gamomcemeli
isidore doliZe ixilavs saqarTvelos saeklesio samarTalsac221.
is. doliZis azriT, Sua saukuneebis saero samarTlis Zeglebze didi
gavlena iqonia kanonikurma samarTalma. sasuliero wodeba feodaluri
sazogadoebis Zlier Zalas warmoadgenda. eklesia Tavisi weswyobilebiT meore
saxelmwifo iyo saxelmwifoSi. igi farTo politikuri da uflebrivi
SeuvalobiT sargeblobda, mas damoukidebeli sasamarTlo iurisdiqcia hqonda.
amave dros saero samarTlisa da samoqalaqo cxovrebis mTeli rigi sakiTxebi
kanonikuri samarTlis normebiT wesrigdeboda da saeklesio sasamarTloebis
kompetencias
Seadgenda.
feodalur
samarTalSi
saeklesio
dogmebi
batonobdnen da samarTlis mecnierebac RvTismetyvelebis mTliani batonobis
qveS imyofeboda, mis dargad iTvleboda. samRvdeloebisa da RvTismetyvelebis
batonobam mTel sazogadoebaze gansazRvra saeklesio samarTlis didi roli
saero samarTlis normebisa da institutebis warmoqmnasa da CamoyalibebaSi.
qarTuli
saero
samarTlis
mTeli
rigi
institutebi
saeklesio
samarTlidan momdinareoben. saeklesio sasamarTloebis farTo iurisdiqcia
xels uwyobda mis gavlenas saero samarTalze. saero sasamarTloebis
saqmeebis mTeli rigi winaT saeklesio sasamarTloebs eqvemdebareboda.
amasTan, saWiroa gaviTvaliswinoT is garemoeba, rom qarTuli saeklesio
samarTlis `moqmedebis asparezi marto wminda saeklesio cxovrebis
mowesrigebiT
ar
ganisazRvreboda,
aramed
gacilebiT
ufro
farTo
daniSnuleba da sarbieli hqonda. eklesias saqarTveloSi Tavisi jari da
moxeleebi
hyavda.
qarTuli
saeklesio
samarTali
marto
eklesiis
sarwmunoebriv saqmianobas ki ar exeboda, aramed saxelmwifoebriv yofacxovrebasac.
qarTul
eklesias
saxelmwifoebrivi
wyobilebis
bevri
damaxasiaTebeli niSani aqvs. akad. iv. javaxiSvilis azriT, eklesiis
kanonikuri samarTali ufro romis kaTolikeTa eklesiis kanonikuri
samarTlis krebuls, corpus iuris canonici-s miagavs, vidre aRmosavleTis eklesiis,
berZenTa da rusTa saeklesio samarTlisas imgvaradve, rogorc qarTuli
eklesia Tavisi weswyobilebis bevri TvisebiT ufro romis saSualo
saukuneebis eklesias miagavda, vidre erTmorwmune berZenTa da rusTa
eklesiebs. `qarTuli samarTlis istoriis Sesaswavlad didi mniSvneloba
metadre adgilobriv, qarTul saeklesio sjuldebas aqvs, magram msoflio
eklesiis krebebis dadgenilebani da berZnuli sjulis kanonic Zvirfasia
mkvlevarTaTvis, jer erTi imitom, rom kanonmdeblobis es Zeglebic moqmed
samarTlad iyvnen saqarTveloSi. akademikosi ivane javaxiSvilis azriT, `didi
sjulis kanoni~ naTargmni unda iyos IX-X saukuneebSi, roca samcxisa da taoklarjeT-SavSeTis qarTul samonastro centrebSi samwerlobo moRvaweoba
gaCaRda da bizantiis ganaTlebis umTavres savaneebTan mWidro sulieri
kavSiri Seiqmna. es metad sayuradRebo da mniSvnelovani garemoebaa beqaaRbuRas samarTlis wyaroebis Sesaswavlad da kerZod im azris naTelsayofad,
rom samarTlis wignis erT-erT wyaros saeklesio samarTali warmoadgenda~.

is. doliZis azriT, beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis Sedgenamde bevri saeklesio

kreba iqneboda albaT mowveuli, magram saeklesio sjulmdeblobas Cvenamde
ar mouRwevia. am mxriv gamonakliss warmoadgens ruis-urbnisis 1103 wlis
saeklesio kreba, romlis sakanonmdeblo moRvaweoba cnobilia CvenTvis
`Zeglis weris~ saxelwodebiT, aRniSnuli saeklesio krebis ZiriTadi mizani,
rogorc es `Zeglis weridan~ Cans, saeklesio weswyobilebis, samRvdelmsaxuro
wesebisa da mrevlis zneobaTa da Secodebulebis ganxilva da mowesrigeba
iyo, amitom aRniSnuli sjulmdeblobis mniSvneloba gaTvaliswinebul unda
iqnes beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis Seswavlisas. mniSvnelovania agreTve saeklesio
krebis moxseneba da dadgenileba, romelic 1263-65 wlebs Soris unda iyos
Sedgenili. saeklesio krebis aRniSnuli dadgenileba Seicavs debulebas
saeklesio mamulebis saxelmwifo xelisuflebis mier sxvebze gacemis Sesaxeb
da amitom mas didi mniSvneloba aqvs saqarTvelos ekonomikuri da socialuri
istoriis
Sesaswavlad.
dadgenileba
iZleva
sayuradRebo
cnobebs
saxelmwifosa da eklesiis uflebrivi damokidebulebis Sesaxeb, safiqrebelia,
rom orive saeklesio krebis zemoaRniSnul Zeglebs icnobdnen sjulmdeblebi
beqa da aRbuRa da, SesaZloa, iTvaliswinebdnen maT samarTlis wignis
Sedgenisas.
saeklesio samarTlis gavlena beqa-aRbuRas samarTalSi naTlad Cans
samcxe-saaTabagos mRvdelTmTavris, mawyverlis uflebrivi mdgomareobidan.
awyuris episkoposis sasamarTlo iurisdiqcias eqvemdebareboda mTeli rigi
mniSvnelovani sisxlisa da samoqalaqo samarTlis saqmeebi. mawyvereli
aTabagTan
erTad
axorcielebs
umaRles
sasamarTlo
xelisuflebas.
saaTabagos saqarTvelos samefosagan gandgomam didi gavlena moaxdina
mawyverlis damoukideblobasa da misi sasamarTlo iurisdiqciis zrdaze.
saaTabagoSi mawyvereli iseTive umaRlesi saeklesio Tanamdebobis piri iyo,
rogoric kaTalikosi saqarTveloSi. Tu aTabagi saqarTvelos mefes arafers
ekiTxeboda,
mawverelic
damoukidebeli
iyo
mcxeTis
saeklesio
kaTedralisagan.
samcxe-saaTabagoSi
igi
damoukideblad
axorcielebda
umaRles saeklesio xelisuflebas da sjul-mdeblobas. rogorc beqa-aRbuRas
samarTlis pirveli winasityva-obidan Cans, awyurisa da safaris eklesiebs
sakuTari
kanon-mdeblobac
hqoniaT,
romelic
`Cuen
ganaRamca
agreve
davamtkiceTo~, ambobs aRbuRa, awyursa da safaris kanondmeblobaze miTiTeba
cxadyofs saaTabagoSi mawyverlis umaRlessa da damoukidebel uflebriv
mdgomareobas. Tu saeklesio saqmeebSi mawyvereli uzenaesi piria, saero
samarTlis saqmeebSi is aTabagis Tanasworia, masTan erTad axorcielebs
umaRles marTlmsa-julebas.
is. doliZe wers: beqas samarTlis winasityvaobaSi aRbuRa didi
mokrZalebiT aRniSnavs, rom samarTlis wigni SevadgineT mawyverlisa da
samcxe-saaTabagos episkoposTa da meudabnoeTa moweseTa monawileobiT;
kanonis Sedgena rom ganvizraxeT, yvelaferi `movaxseneT patiosansa
mawyverelsa~ da `mindobilni RmrTisani da awyurisa RmrTismSoblisani~
SevudeqiT ganaCenis daweraso.
beqas samarTlis wignis pirveli muxlis mixedviT, roca didebulis mier
didebulis mokvlis SemTxvevaSi `patronisa jayelisa da mawyverelisa kacni~
damnaSaves adgilze miuswreben, mas aRar aqvs ufleba dazaralebuls kidev
sxva ziani miayenos da, Tu mas Semdegac emateba `patronisa da mawyverelis
patiji gadaixadoso~. `patiji~ gansakuTrebuli jarima iyo aTabagisa da

mawyverlis pativis SelaxvisaTvis. Tu damnaSave sisxlisa da patiJis

daurvebas ver SeZlebs, gaZevebul unda iqnes da misi `mamuli patronsa
aqundes - jayelsa da mawyuerelsao~.. aseTive mdgomareobas aqvs adgili
aznauris mier aznauris mokvlis SemTxvevaSic. Tu damnaSave kanoniT
gaTvaliswinebul sazRaurs ver gadaixdis, igi unda gadaixvewos da misi
mamuli patronsa da mawyverels unda gadaeces, rogorc sasamarTlo
xelisuflebis umaRles warmomadgenlebs. Zmam Tu Zma an axlo naTesavi mokla,
saqme aTabagsa da mawyverels unda moxsendes, radgan aseTi danaSauli
`saRmrTod bralia da sakanono askeci~. damnaSaves Cveulebriv sasjels garda
saeklesio sasjelic unda daedos - `episkopozman misi wesi icis, raca
marTebs, man uyoso~. damnaSave unda gadaixvewos, misi mamuli aTabagsa da
mawverels unda gadaeces. damnaSavis saqme, romelic Tavs daesxa sasaflaos,
gatexa an Seuracxyo eklesia, episkoposma unda ganixilos, rogorc umaRlesma
mosamarTlem, da iseTi sasjeli daados, rasac saWirod dainaxavs (`qristes
sisxlis pativsa mcnebulTa viTa uyvars, egeTi patiJi dauurvebinon~), radgan
aseTi mZime danaSaulisaTvis sasjelis gansazRvra SeuZlebeliao. aTabagTan
erTad mawyverlis sasamarTlo kompetencias Seadgenda mZime saxelmwifo
danaSauli, romelic cnobilia beqa-aRbuRas samarTalSi `Ralatis~ saxelwodebiT. Tu aTabagis mfarvelobaSi myofi kaci, vasali, anu `mindobili kaci~
RalatiT vinmes cixesa da saxl-kars waarTmevs, misi saqme aTabagTan erTad
mawyverelsac unda moxsendes (`patronma da mawyverelman cnas~). amrigad,
mawyvereli
aTabagTan
erTad
umaRlesi
sasamarTlo
xelisfulebis
warmomadgenelia. isini ganixilaven sisxlis samarTlis mZime danaSaulTa
saqmeebs (mkvlelobas, Tavdasxmas, Ralatsa da sxv.). aTabagi, rogorc umaRlesi
saero xelisuflebis warmomadgeneli, da mawyvereli, rogorc umaRlesi
sasuliero xelisuflebis warmomadgeneli, erTdroulad da Tanasworad
axorcieleben sasamarTlo xelisuflebas zemoaRniSnuli saqmeebis gamo.
aTabagisa da mawyverlis sasamarTlo xelisufleba SeerTebulia da mas
sisxlis samarTlis dargSi Sereuli xasiaTi aqvs. magram mawyverels amasTan
erTad Tavis samwysoSi calke damoukidebeli saeklesio iurisdiqcia aqvs.
sulisa da eklesiis saqme mxolod mas exeboda da aTabagi mis uflebebSi ver
Caereoda. saojaxo samarTlis dargic xom mawyverlis iurisdiqcias Seadgenda.
qorwinebisa da ojaxis saqme mawyverels ekiTxvis. Tu kaci gvariTa da
RirsebiT masze ufro sapatio cols gascildeba, sisxli Tavisi gvaris
mixedviT unda dauurvos, radgan `macxovarman dawyevasa Sigan esreT rqva:
qmrisamca Senisa mimarT ars moqceva Senio~. es aris norma, romelic
daamkvidra saeklesio samarTalma saojaxo samarTlis dargSi.
is. doliZis azriT memkvidreobiT samarTalSic cxadad igrZnoboda
saeklesio samarTlis gavlena. anderZiT memkvidreobis iuridiul Zalas mxars
uWers
da
mtkices
xdis
eklesia.
anderZi
samkvidros
damtoveblis
gardacvalebis Semdeg aris mtkice da namdvili, sicocxleSi ki samkvidros
damtovebels misi gauqmebac SeuZlia da ZalaSi datovebac. es wesi
`ganbrZnobili ars wmidaTa mamaTagan sjulTa samoZRvreblad, ebistoleTaca
Sigan esreT weril ars amisTanasa saqmesa Sigan kacTagan Sesvlaze, qveqceva
mal SeuZlebel ars da nuvin xelhyofso~. esec kanonikuri samarTlidan
Sesuli wesia beqas samarTalSi. msxvil feodalsa da mis vasals Soris rom
raime dava wamoiWreba, saqme sasamarTlom miudgomel da piruTvnel kacTa
monawileobiT unda gadawyvitos da Searigos modave mxareebi, radgan `caTa

da qveynisa Semoqmedsaca ezom undosa adamiansa Sua dasxmulni moZRvarni da

mecnierni kacni Seazavebeno~, naTqvamia aRbuRas samarTalSi. maSasadame,
saeklesio samarTali sasamarTlo warmoebis sakiTxebzedac avrcelebs Tavis
gavlenas. marTlmsajulebas RvTaebrivi Zala aqvs. mosamarTle RvTis moSiSi
da sulis saqmis pativis mcnebeli unda iyos. angareba da sixarbe RvTis
ganmarisxebeli saqmea da mosamarTle angarebiT saqmes nuravis daumtkicebso.
`ese sityva wmidaTa mamaTa ars, Tu - sixarbe bunebiT mxedvelobisa kapi ariso
da yoveli avi RmrTisa da kacTa ganmarisxebeli saqme mas zeda Camokidebuli
ariso~, ambobs aTabagi aRbuRa.
is. doliZe aRniSnavs, saeklesio samarTlis Zala da avtoriteti
gamoyenebulia valdebulebiTi samarTlis dargSic. es gansakuTrebiT naTlad
Cans
sesxis
xelSekrulebis
pirobebidan,
aRbuRas
samarTali
valis
xelSekrulebis dros krZalavs `didi sargeblis~ aRebas. Tu kreditorma didi
procenti aiRos msesxeblisagan, arakanonieria da unda daubrunos, radgan
`angareba Tavad codvad weres sjulis moZRvarTa kacTa wmidaTa~ da `vaxSis
sidide ganmarisxebelia RmrTisao~.
erT adgilas beqa moses kanonmdeblobasac imowmebs. roca Zmebi gaiyofian
samemkvidreo qonebis zedmeti wili - `sauxuceso~, - romelic winaparTa
pativiscemisa da sulis mosaxseneblad iyo gankuTvnili, ufros Zmas eZleva. am
wess `TviT moses piriTa dambadebeli `dabadebasa~ Sigan daswers~, romelic
Znelad moiSlebiso. amrigad, beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis wignis mTeli rigi
muxlebi Seicaven saeklesio samarTlis wesebsa da debulebebs. gansakuTrebiT
es gavlena, rogorc davinaxeT, igrZnoba samarTlis wignis im normebSi,
romlebic awesrigeben samoqalaqo, saojaxo da memkvidreobiT urTierTobas da
agreTve sasamarTlo warmoebasac. zemoaRniSnulidan savsebiT gasagebia
samcxe-saaTabagos episkoposis - mawyverlis - farTo ufleba-mosileba saero
iurisdiqciis dargSi.
is. doliZis azriT, scdeboda n. urbneli, romelic fiqrobda, rom beqaaRbuRas kanonebis boloSi darTuli 102-e da 103-e muxli, romlebSic
laparakia mefisa da episkoposis urTierTdamokidebulebis Sesaxeb, samarTlis
wignis organul nawils warmoadgenda da aqedan im araswor daskvnas akeTebda,
rom TiTqos aRniSnuli muxlebi gamoxatavdnen aTabagisa da mawyverlis
uflebriv mdgomareobas. mawyvereli `zogs SemTxvevaSi Tavis saero uflebiT
aTabagsac ki aRemateba... aTabags raRa ufleba hqonda episkopozzed? araferi... aTabags xom `mefe~ ar eTqmoda, `mefed~ moxsenebulia mxolod
episkopozi da es saxelwodeba cxadad amtkicebs mis upiratesobaso222.
is. doliZe mcdarad miiCnevs agreTve n. urbnelis azrs saaTabagos
sasuliero wodebis privilegiuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. raki 98-e muxlis
Semdgomi muxlebi beqa-aRbuRas samarTlad miiCnia, n. urbnelma daxata
saaTabagos sasuliero wodebis ierarqiuli struqtura zemoaRniSnul
muxlebSi sasuliero wodebis pirTaTvis gaakeTa, rom sasuliero wodebas
didi upiratesoba hqonda saero xelisuflebasTan SedarebiTo. aseTi
mdgomareoba urbnelis azriT imiT aixsneba, rom `saaTabagoSi aRorZinda
bizantiis ukiduresi orTodoqsuli moZRvreba, romelsac sulsa da saRmrTo
saqmeTa garda sxva araferi swamda. aseTma mimarTulebam metad ganadida
sasuliero wodeba da mTeli eris grZnoba am wodebas daumorCila223.

is. doliZe daaskvnis: sinamdvileSi zemoaRniSnuli muxlebi ar Seicaven

saaTabagos sasuliero wodebis uflebriv mdgomareobas, ar Seadgenen beqaaRbuRas samarTlis nawils da gamoxataven XI saukunis gaerTianebuli
saqarTvelos suraTs, roca samRvdeloebas maRla eWira Tavi.
TavianT SromebSi saeklesio samarTals tendenciurad ixilavdnen
qarTveli sabWoTa samarTalmcodneebic. sabWoTa samarTlis mixedviT, `masebis
motyuebis, brZolisunarianobis modunebis da, saerTod, ideologiuri
daTrgunvis erT-erT mniSvnelovan iaraRs burJuaziul weswyobilebaSic
warmoadgens iseTi reaqciuli organizacia, rogoricaa eklesia~224.
giorgi inwkirveli exeba kanonikur samarTalsac: `feodalizmis epoqaSi,
eklesiis rolisa da mdgomareobis Sesabamisad didi mniSvneloba hqonda
agreTve saeklesio samarTlis normebs, e.w. kanonikur samarTals. specialuri
saeklesio sasamarTloebic ki arsebobda, romlebic ganixilavdnen ara marto
sasuliero pirebis, aramed saero pirebis saqmeebsac, rac Seexeba saqorwino
da saojaxo sakiTxebs, maTi mowesrigeba TiTqmis mTlianad saeklesio
samarTlis normebis mixedviT xdeboda. amis Sesaxeb f. engelsi werda:
`eklesiis dogmebi amave dros politikur aqsiomadac iqca da bibliis
teqstebma yovel sasamarTloSi kanonis Zala miiRo~225.
qarTuli samarTlis istoriis calkeuli sakiTxebi ganxiluli aqvs m.
broses (`saqarTvelos istoria, naw. 1-2, Targmani s.RoRoberiZisa~, tf. 18951900), p.ioselians (Rhfnrfz bcnjhbz Uhepbycrjq Wthrdb- CG<= 1843),
e.TayaiSvils (`rCeuli nawarmoebebi~, t.1, 1968), s. kakabaZes (`saistorio
Ziebani~, tf., 1924, `sasisxlo sigelebis Sesaxeb~, tf., 1924, saqarTvelos
istoria (1500-1810), tf., 1922, `saqarTvelos istoria 1819 wlidan~, Tb., 1994).
e.xaxanaSvils (`Ljgjkytybt r uhepbycrbv rfnfkbrjcjdbv pfrjyfv$), mix.
TarxniSvils sxvadasxva SromaSi (m.TarxniSvili, werilebi, Tb., 1994). ucxoel
avtorebs maqsime kovalskis (Pfrjy b j,bxfq yf Rfdrfpf- 1886), v.sokolskis, vl.
beneSeviCs (D= Cjrjkcrbb Uhtrj_hbvcrjt ghfdj d ekj;tybb uhepbycrjuj wfhz
Df[nfyuf VI (:ehy= vby= yfh= ghjcd= 1897=IX, c= 56-93)- Dk=<tytitdbxUhepbycrbq Dtkbrbq Yjvjrfyjy gj cgbcrfv N,bkbccrjuj wthrjdyjuj veptz
({hbcnbfycr= Dtcnybr- I, II, c= 350-351) da sxv.
CvenTvis gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovnad miviCnieT saeklesio samarTlis
sferoSi CvenTvis xelmisawvdomi bolo naSromi rusuli samarTlis
istoriisa, esaa .. , , , 1994.Aam Sromas a.kartaSevisa da m.
posnovis zemoaRniSnul SromebTan erTad kritikulad viyenebT Cveni naSromis
pirveli
nawilis
Sesaval
TavSi226.
saeklesio
samarTali
kargadaa
227.
Seswavlili rusi saeklesio samarTalmcodneebis mier

nawili I.
saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi

Tavi I.
saqarTvelos saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi mTlianad aris gamomavali
msoflio eklesiis samarTlis saerTo wyarodan, amitomac zogadad SevexebiT
maT. movitanT vrcel amonaridebs ukanasknel dros gamocemuli qarTuli da
rusuli saeklesio literaturidan. samarTlis wyaroebs yofen or mTavar
jgufad. pirvelSi igulisxmeba pirebi da institutebi, romelTac Seqmnes
samarTlis normebi, meore ki warmoadgens dokumentebsa da Zeglebs,
romlebSic gadmocemulia aRniSnuli normebi.
axali aRTqmis, anu qristianuli eklesiis samarTali efuZneba eklesiis
mowyobis da saeklesio wesrigis SenarCunebis Sesaxeb wmida werilSi
gadmocemul ieso qristes swavlebas.
qristes mcnebebi warmoadgens eklesiis swavlebisa da cxovrebis
qvakuTxeds. ufalma daadgina saeklesio naTlobis saidumlo (mT. 28, 19),
evqaristiis saidumlo (luka 22, 19), sinanulis saidumlo da mociqulTa mier
codvaTa axsnis ufleba (mT. 18,18), macxovarma mianiWa samRvdeloebas ufleba
ecxovra samwysos xarjiT (luka 10, 7). qristem daawesa swavleba qorwinebis
Sesaxeb (mT. 19, 5-6, 9), mianiWa ufleba eklesias mosamarTleobisa Semcode
Zmebis mimarT (mT. 18, 15-17), dagvitova mcneba saxelmwifo xelisuflebasTan
Cveni damokidebulebis Sesaxeb (mT. 22,21).

qristes mcnebaTa garda, saeklesio samarTlis wyaroa agreTve mociqulTa

nawerebi, gadmocemulni wmida werilSi (mociqulTagan ki miiRes eklesiis
mamebma): episkoposTa da diakonTa Sesaxeb samarTlebrivi mcnebebi da
dadgenilebebi (1 tim. 3, 1-13), wesi Tu rogori saxis unda iyos samRvdeloeba
(tites mimarT epistole, agreTve 1 tim. 3, 2-7). morwmuneTa valdebuleba
daemorCilon mwyemss (ebr. 13, 17). saeklesio Temis valdebuleba mwyemsis
arCevisa (1 kor. 9, 13-14). swavleba qorwinebis Sesaxeb (kolas. 3, 18-21; 1 petr. 3,
1-2; 1 kor. 7, 10-13; 1 kor. 7,40). zeTis cxebis Sesaxeb (iak. 5, 14-15), SemcodeTa
mimarT mopyrobis Sesaxeb (2 efes, 3-6), mociqulTa mier mocemulia wesi
sasuliero piris mimarT saCivris miRebisa (1 tim. 5,19), saxelmwifo
xelisuflebasTan urTierTobis Sesaxeb (rom. 13, 1-7), sxva sarwmunoebis pirTan
damokidebulebis Sesaxeb (1 kor. 5,9-10, 12-13).
pirvelwyaros saeklesio samarTlisa warmoadgens saRvTo mcnebebi. isini
warmoadgens
saZirkvels
saeklesio
mowyobisa
da
saxelmZRvanelos
eklesiisaTvis. maTi daxmarebiT aRasrulebs eklesia Tavis misias - xsnisa. es
mcnebebi, rogorc iTqva, mocemulia wmida werilSi. eklesias dadgenili aqvs
Zveli da axali aRTqmis wmida wignebis nusxa.
qristianebisaTvis savaldebuloa moses mier mocemuli RvTis aTi mcneba,
sruli
Zala
SeinarCuna,
agreTve,
sisxlis-aRreviTi
qorwinebis
ZvelaRTqmiseulma akrZalvam. rogorc aRiniSna, eklesiisaTvis sayovelTaod
savaldebuloa qristes mcnebaTa dacva, axali aRTqma saeklesio samarTlis
umTavresi wyaroa, eklesiis wmida mamebma, romelTa goneba ganaTlebuli iyo
suli wmidis madliT, mogvces wmida werilis anu RvTis sityvis ganmarteba.
amitomac mamaTa swavleba - eklesiis swavlebaa. uflis mier uwyebuli
saRmrTo da wmida werili unda ganimartos ara nebismierad, aramed rogorc
ganmarta igi wmida eklesiam da icavs Tavis mier gamocemuli kanonebiT.
saeklesio samarTali, romlis mixedviTac aris mowyobili saeklesio
cxovreba, warmoadgens kanonebis sistematur gadmocemas. kanoni - saeklesio
cxovrebis wesia, discipli-naruli dadgenilebebi mociqulebisa, krebebisa da
wmida mamebisa.
saeklesio samarTlis Cvenamde moRweuli uZvelesi wyaroa `swavleba 12
mociqulisa (`didaqe~). ekuTvnis I da II saukuneTa mijnas. masSi ar
moixseniebian mRvdlebi (presviterebi), saubaria mxolod episkoposebsa da
diakvnebze, mogzaur mociqulebsa, winaswarmetyvelebsa da maswavleblebze.
amJamad kopturi da eTiopuri eklesiebis samarTalSi gamoiyeneba III s.
egvipteSi Sedgenili krebuli `wmida mociqulebis saeklesio kanonebi~. III
saukuneSive gamoCnda `didaskalia~ (mociqulTa darigeba), sxvaa `mociqulTa
dadgenileba~, romelic gamoCnda III s-is dasasrulsa da IV s-is dasawyisSi,
romelsac amJamad eklesiaSi ar aqvs iuridiuli Zala, samagierod, amJamad
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis kanonikuri kodeqsi, miRebuli mociqulTa mier
ierusalimis 45 wlis krebaze, gamoCnda IV s-Si. esaa `mociqulTa kanonebi~, is
ZvelTaganve miCneulia mociqulTa gadmocemis nawilad. marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis kanonikur kodeqsSi Sevida sami wmida mamis - wm. dionises, wm. petre
aleqsandrielisa da grigol neokesariel saswaulmoqmedis kanonebi.
nikeamdel epoqaSi qristianuli Temebi episkoposTa mier imarTebodnen
wmida werilSi gadmocemuli da mociqulTa mier dadgenili normebiT.
eklesiis erToba miiRweoda saeklesio Temebs Soris cocxali urTierTobiT.
sarwmunoebrivi
erTobis
miuxedavad,
zogierT
Tems
hqonda
Tavisi

saRvTismsaxuro gansxvavebuloba da gansakuTrebuli samarTlis normebi.

gaugebrobisa da sadavo sakiTxebis aRmosafxvrelad saeklesio Temebis
warmomadgenlebi iwvevdnen saeklesio krebebs. miRebuli krebis gansazRvrebebs
mrgvlivmosavleli epistoles saxiT ugzavnidnen im eklesiasac, romelTa
warmomadgenlebic am krebaSi ar monawileobdnen. epistoleebi exeboda,
ZiriTadad,
saeklesio-sakanonmdeblo
sakiTxebs.
zogierTi
kanonikuri
epistole iRebda savaldebulo iuridiul saxes da iqceoda saerTo saeklesio
samarTlis wyarod.
1. msoflio saeklesio krebebi da maTi kanonebi. 1. pirveli msoflio
saeklesio kreba mowveul iqna qalaq nikeaSi, 325 wels, romis imperatoris konstantine I didis (306-337) sagangebo brZanebiT da am krebasTan
dakavSirebuli yvela xarjic Tavad imperatorma gaiRo. `krebis ZiriTadi
mizani iyo oficialuri dadgenilebis gamotana, qristianobis, rogorc
saxelmwifoebrivad aRiarebuli sarwmunoebis Sesaxeb, romelic Tavisi
arsebobis pirvel xanebidan IV saukunis dasawyisSic ki mkacrad idevneboda
da, amasTan, ganxilva im umTavresi dogmatikur-kanonikuri da ierarqiuladministraciuli sakiTxebisa, romlebic im xanebSi erTob mwvaved ismoda da
romelTa
mogvareba-mowesrigeba
niSnavda
qristianobis
ukve,
rogorc
saxelmwifo religiis Zlierebasa da mis Semdgom ganviTarebas mTel
saqristiano msoflioSi. krebas eswrebodnen rogorc romis imperiaSi Semaval
qristianul organizaciaTa warmomadgenlebi (ZiriTadad, episkoposebi), aseve
mis farglebs gareT arsebul, sxva saxelmwifoTa qristianul organizaciaTa
warmomadgenlebic. krebaze monawileoba miiRo 300-mde episkoposma da dabali
xarisxis warmomadgenelma. krebas eswreboda sul 318 mama.
kreba, romelic evstaTi antioqielis TavmjdomareobiT grZeldeboda ornaxevar Tves, 19 ivnisidan 25 agvistomde, mimdinareobda eklesiis sasaxlis
erT-erT palataSi. krebaze nebadarTuli iyo saero pirebis daswrebac da
darbazSi zogjer 2000-mde kaci iyrida Tavs. darbazis irgvliv idga
savarZlebi episkoposebisaTvis, xolo SuaSi ki magidaze esvena saRmrTo
werili (biblia). imperatori konstantine Tavad eswreboda xolme sxdomebs da
zogjer maT sityviTac xsnida.
krebis ganxilvis erT-erT umTavres sakiTxs warmoadgenda ariozis
mwvalebluri azris uaryofa - ieso qristes araRvTaebriobis Sesaxeb. ariozi
daJinebiT icavda Tavis crumoZRvrebas da, ambobda, rom - iyo dro, roca Ze
RvTisa ar imyofeboda (e. i. `ar iyo Sobili uwinares yovelTa saukuneTa~) da
igi aris qmnilebao (amitom aris mrwamsSi mimatebuli sityvebi `Sobili da ara
qmnili~). ariozis moZRvrebas mxars uWerda zogierTi episkoposi, rogorebic
iyvnen: evsevi nikodimieli, Teognosti nikieli da marisi qalkedoneli. sajaro
paeqrobaSi
dasaxelebuli
mwvaleblebi
damarcxdnen.
maTi
moZRvrebis
uaryofaSi didi roli iTamaSes wm. nikoloz mironlukiis mTavarepiskoposma,
wm. spiridon trimiTuntelma, aleqsandrieli episkoposis diakvanma wm.
aTanasem da sxvebma. krebam erTxmad daadgina mwvalebel ariozis da mis
TanamoazreTa eklesiidan gankveTa, romlebmac TavianTi Secdomebi ar
moinanies. krebaze SemuSavda sarwmunoebis simbolos (kredos), anu rogorc
qarTulad ewodeba - mrwamsis (warmoebuli - mrwamsis pirveli sityvidan
`mrwams~) teqsti (sarwmunoebis simbolos teqsti Seivso, dazustda da misi

saboloo redaqcia miRebul da damtkicebul iqna konstantinopolis me-2

msoflio krebaze)228.
nikeis krebam dRis wesrigSi daayena aseve aRdgomis dResaswaulis
sakiTxic da dadginda, rom igi unda idResaswaulebodes erTdroulad yvela
eklesiaSi, e.i. gazafxulis mTvaris Sevsebis Semdeg pirvelsave kviras229.
krebaze damswre episkoposTa erT nawils surda daekanonebina mRvdlebisa
da diakvnebis uqorwinebloba, magram am wamoyenebuli winadadebis winaaRmdeg
mkacrad gailaSqra episkoposma pafnutim da krebas miuTiTa, rom `vaiTu
gadametebuli simkacriT ziani mivayenoT eklesiaso~, krebam, bWobis Semdeg,
mRvdlebisa da diakvnebis dauqorwineblobis Sesaxeb wamoyenebuli azri
uaryo da gaiziara pafnutis Sexeduleba.
krebam, aseve daamtkica ama Tu im eklesiis mTavar warmomadgenelTa
ierarqiuli da administraciuli normebi, urTierTSoris pativisa da
uflebrivi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. krebam gamosca sul 20 kanoni~.
krebis dadgenilebis 20-ive muxli krebis monawile episkoposebis mier maT
eparqiebSi, - Tav-TavianTi qveynebis mixedviT, - ecnoba yvela eklesias229.
2. meore msoflio saeklesio kreba mowveul iqna konstanti-nopolSi, 381
wlis maisSi imperator Teodoris brZanebiT. kreba, romelsac eswreboda 150
episkoposi, gaixsna wmida meleti antioqielis TavmjdomareobiT, romlis
gardacvalebis
Semdeg
krebis
Tavmjdomareoba
daevala
grigoli
RvTismetyvels da bolos konstantinopolel episkopos neqtarioss. krebam
ganixila makedonis da mis TanamoazreTa mwvalebluri swavleba, romelic
uaryofda suli wmidis RvTaebriobas.
sarwmunoebis simbolos, grigoli RvTismetyvelis miTiTebiT, wmida mamebma
daamates zogierTi gamoTqma Ze RvTisaze, moZRvreba wmida sulze (`da suli
wmida ufali da cxovelsmyofeli~...), eklesiis erTianobaze (`erTi wmida
kaTolike~...), naTlobis saidumloze (`aRviareb erTsa naTlisRebasa...~) da
mkvdreTiT aRdgomaze (`moveli aRdgomasa...~).
krebam, romelmac SeimuSava da daamtkica 7 kanoni, makedoni da misi
Tanamoazreni ganiota, e.i. gankveTa.
amave
wlis
sam
seqtembers,
akvileiSi
ambros
mediolanelis
TavmjdomareobiT mimdinareobda sami mitropolitis (milanis, akvileis da
sirmiis episkoposTa) kreba, - ariozelTa moZRvrebis dasagmobad. krebam
daadastura nikeis krebis dadgenilebani da gansakuTrebiT gausva xazi Ze
RmerTis maradiulobis, misi RvTaebrivi bunebis da mama RmerTTan
Tanatolobis moZRvrebas229.
meore msoflio krebam gamosca epistole, romelic Semdeg dayves Svid
kanonad. mesame kanons romis eklesia uaryofs, radgan am mesame kanonSi
amaRlebulia konstantinopolis episkoposis Rirseba romis episkoposis
darad: `radgan konstantinopoli axali romia~, e.i. mefis qalaqia (II ms. kr. III
kan.).
cnobilia, rom romSi kaTedrebis Rirsebas akavSirebdnen ara qalaqebis
politikur mniSvnelobasTan, aramed maTi Temis samociqulo warmoSobasTan,
amitomac diptiqSi pirvel adgilze ayenebdnen romis, aleqsandriis da
antioqiis eklesiebs, romelnic mociqul petres da misi mowafis markozis
mier iyvnen dafuZnebulni. romaeli episkoposebi ramdenime aswleulis

manZilze
jiutad
amaRlebas~230

ewinaaRmdegebodnen

konstantinopolis

kaTedris

3. mesame msoflio saeklesio kreba Sedga q. efesoSi, 431 wels, imperator

Teodosi mciris (408-450) mowveviT. krebas eswreboda 200 episkoposi. 7
ivnisisaTvis daniSnuli kreba, damabrkolebeli mizezebisa gamo, gaixsna 22
ivniss, yovladwmida RvTismSoblis taZarSi, romlis Sua, amaRlebul adgilas
esvena wmida saxareba. krebas Tavmjdomareobda kirile aleqsandrieli; krebis
ganxilvis sagans Seadgenda konstantinopolis mTavarepiskoposis - nestoris
mwvalebluri azris uaryofa, romelic amtkicebda, rom mariamma dabada kaci,
romelsac mere SeuerTda madliT sityva RvTisa, ase rom, mariami ar iyo
RvTis mSobelio. nestori, miuxedavad oTxgzis miwvevisa, krebaze ar
gamocxadebula. mas mxars uWerdnen zogierTi episkoposi da mefis
uwarCinebulesi pirebi (didebulebi). krebaze sajarod iqna wakiTxuli
sarwmunoebis simbolo da misi Zveli, nineuri varianti. krebam moismina
kirile aleqsandrielis kamaTi nestoris winaaRmdeg da am ukanasknelis
Txzuleba. krebam erTsulovnad scno wm. kiriles mier moyvanili argumentebis
SeTanxmebuloba nikeis (325 w.) krebis aRsarebasTan, xolo nestoris axsnaganmartebani ki crumoZRvrebad.
krebis monawile wmida mamaTa mier krebam damatebiT moismina saRmrTo
werilidan damowmebuli adgilebi RvTis sityvis (logosis) ganxor-cielebis
Sesaxeb, - eretikosebi damxobilad gamoacxades. krebam Tavisi dadgenileba,
meore dResve (23 ivniss) ganucxada nestors da werilobiT acnoba imperators.
krebaze, sxva sakiTxTan erTad gairCa kviproseli episkoposis - reginis
saCivari - ioane antioqiel episkoposze; es ukanaskneli cdilobda kviprosis
kunZulis Tavisadmi daqvemdebarebas, miuxedavad imisa, rom kviprosis eklesias
mociqulTa droidan marTavda damoukidebeli episkoposi, romelic kunZulis
episkoposTa mier iyo arCeuli, rasac, rogorc kanonikur aqts, ganamtkicebda
nikeis krebis is dadgenilebac, romlis mixedviT yvela eklesias (farTo
cnebiT) SenarCunebuli hqonda sakuTari upiratesoba marTva-gamgeobis mxriv.
sagulisxmoa, rom 8 ivniss, romlis wina dResac efesos krebis gaxsna iyo
navaraudevi, zemoxsenebuli ioane antioqieli, SeTanxmda episkoposTa erT
nawilTan da erToba ganucxada nestors. maT calke moiwvies kreba, razedac
kirile aleqsandrieli eretikosad, xolo misi kreba ki ukanonod gamoacxades.
moxda is, rom am orive krebis dadgenilebebi imperators erTdroulad
miuvida fostiT. imperatorma Tavdapirvelad ganizraxa nestorisa da kiriles
patimrobaSi ayvana, magram male gaecno saqmis namdvil viTarebas da wm.
kiriles TavmjdomareobiT Catarebuli msoflio krebis yvela dadgenileba
daamtkica (seqtemberSi), xolo nestori antioqiis maxloblad mdebare erTerT monasterSi Caamwyvdia. efesos krebam gamosca 8 kanoni da erTi epistole
pamfiliis krebisadmi (mcire aziaSi iyo), romelic me-9 kanonad iwodeba~231.
4. meoTxe msoflio saeklesio kreba mowveul iqna qalaq qalkidonSi, 451
wels. kreba, romelsac Tavmjdomareobda konstantinopoleli anatoli, gaixsna 8 oqtombers da dasrulda 1 noembers. krebaze monawileobas iRebda
saqristiano msoflios 630 episkoposi.

krebis ganxilvis umTavres sakiTxs Seadgenda konstantinopoleli

arqimandritis - evtiqis mwvalebluri swavlebis uaryofa. evtiqi amtkicebda,
rom ieso qristeSi iyo mxolod erTi RvTaebrivi buneba da erTi nebisyofa.
kacis buneba da kacis nebisyofa ki CanTqmuli iyo RvTaebrivi bunebisa da
nebisyofis
miero.
am
swavlas
ewodeba
monofizitoba
(berZ.),
anu
erTbunebianoba. krebaze wakiTxul iqna pap levis werili, romelSic
gadmocemulia dogmati, rom `ieso qriste aris WeSmariti RmerTi da WeSmariti
kaci, Cveni msgavsi, codvis gareSe; ganxorcielebisas mas aqvs erTi piri da
ori buneba, SeerTebuli masSi erTpirad, Seurevnelad da ganuyofelad~.
meoTxe msoflio krebam `romelsac Zegl marTlmadideblobisa~ ewoda,
ganaCina, aRiaros qristeSi SeerTeba or bunebaTa: ganuyoflad, ganuyrelad,
Seurevnelad da uqcevelad. 1). ganuyoflad, e. i. ori buneba SeerTebuli
qristeSi, ar Seadgens calke arsebul pirovnebas, aramed orive buneba
SeerTebulia erTgvamovnad. 2) ganuyrelad, e. i. SeerTeba ori bunebisa,
dawyebuli RvTis sityvis ganxorcielebis pirvel wamidanve, gagrZelda da
grZeldeba maradis. kacoba iesoSi arasodes ar yofila gansakuTrebul
pirovnebad, aramed miRebul iyo misi RvTaebriobis pirovnebis erTobaSi erT
gvamovnebad. 3) Seurevnelad, e. i. ori buneba ieso qristeSi ar Sereula
erTmaneTSi ise, rom maTgan Semdgariyo mesame buneba, aramed orive buneba
imyofeba masSi, rogorc ori sxvadasxvagvari buneba. 4) uqcevelad, e. i. RvTis
Zisagan kacuri bunebis miRebiT ar Secvlila arc RvTaebrivi da arc kacuri
buneba, arc RvTaebrivi buneba qceula kacurad, arc kacuri - RvTaebrivad.
TiToeuli buneba, SeerTebis Semdegac, darCa ucvalebelad da mTelad.
krebam evtiqi da misi Tanamoazreni (monofizitebi) ganiota, e.i. gankveTa,
qristianul msoflioSi maT swavlas misdevs somexTa eklesia.
krebam gamosca sul 30 kanoni231.
5. mexuTe msoflio saeklesio kreba mowveul iqna iustiniane pirvelis (527565) brZanebiT, konstantinopolSi 553 wels. krebam muSaoba daiwyo 4 maiss da
daamTavra 2 ivniss. misi pirveli sxdoma Sedga patriarqis sasaxlis erT-erT
darbazSi, wm. sofiis maxloblad. Tavmjdomareobda patriarqi evtiqi. krebas
eswreboda sul 165 mama. imperators surda Seerigebina monofizitebi (e.i.
erTbunebianebi) da diofizitebi (e.i. orbunebianebi), anu marTlmadideblebi.
monofizitebi Serigebis pirobad sakiTxs ayenebdnen sam sasuliero pirze,
romlebic me-4 krebaze iqnen gasamarTlebulni. eseni iyvnen: Teodore
mofsueteli, iva edeseli da Teodorite kvireli. krebaze sazeimod iqna
damtkicebuli ra qalkidonis krebis yvela dadgenileba, mimdinare krebis me-5
da me-8 sxdomebze, daamxes zemoxsenebuli monofizitebi da maTi Txzulebani,
romlebiTac isini nestoris crumoZRvrebas esarClebodnen. amasTan erTad
krebam daamtkica wina msoflio krebaTa dadgenilebanic232.
6. meeqvse msoflio saeklesio kreba mowveul iqna imperator konstantine
poRonatis (668-685) brZanebiT 680 wels, qalaq konstantinopolSi. krebas
eswreboda 168 mama. krebis mizani iyo mwvalebel monoTelitebis damxoba,
romlebic monofizitebis Semdeg gaCndnen da saxelmwifoSi religiur
ganxeTqilebas qmnidnen. isini amtkicebdnen, rom ieso qristeSi iyo erTi,
RvTaebrivi nebisyofa.

`aman wmidaman krebaman sarwmunoebiT da mowled Seiwynara ebistole

wmidisa da netarisa agaTon hromTa papisai, mowerili RvTismsaxurisa mefisa...
konstantinesa, romelsa Sina weril ars saxeldebiT gankueTai da ganyrai
yovelTai, romelTa qadages erTi nebai da erTi saqme gankacebisa
gangebulebasa Sina qristes RmrTisa Cuenisasa egreTve saxed~ (mcire
sjuliskanonidan)232.
trulis krebis kanonebi. V da VI msoflio krebebze ganixileboda mxolod
dogmaturi sakiTxebi da disciplinaruli kanonebi mas ar gamoucia, magram VI
msoflio krebidan 10 wlis Semdeg, 691 wlis 1 seqtembers imperator
iustiniane II-is mowveviT sasaxlis trulis (`gumbaTis~) palataSi Seikriba 227
mama konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiis, ierusalimis patriarqebisa
da romis papis legatebis TavmjdomareobiT. krebis sxdomebi gagrZelda
zustad erTi weli, 692 wlis 31 agvistomde da Tavisi moRvaweoba gamoamzeura
saeklesio-disciplinaruli kanonebiT.
am mexuTe-meeqvsed wodebuli krebis 102 kanons marTlmadideblur
eklesiaSi aqvs msoflio krebaTa kanonebis avtoriteti232.
7. meSvide msoflio saeklesio kreba Sedga 787 wels, qalaq nikeaSi.
gagrZelda erTi weliwadi. krebas eswreboda sul 367 episkoposi. qristianeTa
ukanaskneli devna gamowveuli iyo xatTa Tayvaniscemis gamo da xsenebuli
krebis
mizanic
xatTa
Tayvaniscemis
aRdgeniT
gamoixateboda.
xatTa
TayvaniscemisaTvis qristianTa devna, iyo ukanaskneli da xangrZlivi. nikeis
krebam, romelmac gamosca 22 kanoni, ganamtkica xatTa Tayvaniscema233..
amis Semdeg, 843 wels, konstantinopolis adgilobrivma krebam, romelic
moiwvies bizantiis mcirewlovanma keisarma miqael III-m (842-867) da dedamisma
Teodoram, anaTema gamoucxada yvela xatmebrZols da xatTayvaniscemis
saboloo zeimi aRiniSna (saq. ekl. kalendari, 1974, gv. 133).
2. adgilobrivi krebebis kanonebi. ori adgilobrivi kreba, romelTa
kanonebi Sevida marTlmadidebluri eklesiis kanonikur kodeqsSi, Sedga I
msoflio krebamde. pirveli maTgani iyo ankirisa. moiwvies 314 w. galateas
provinciis mTavar qalaqSi.
kesaria-kapadokiaSi 314 welsave Sedga kreba, daaxloebiT 319 wels ki
neokesariis kreba moiwvies, daaxloebiT 340 wels Sedga Rangris (gangris)
kreba, maTi kanonebis Semdeg kanonikur krebulSi Sedis antioqiis krebis 25
kanoni. antioqiis aRniSnuli krebis (daaxl. 330-340 ww.) kanonebis Semdeg
kanonikur kodeqsSi Sesulia 60 kanoni laodikiis krebisa. aqvea sardikiis 343344 wlebis karTagenis (419) kanonebis da konstantinopolis 394 wlis
dadgenileba.
patriarq fotis saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli konstantinopolis sami kreba:
861, 869 da 879 wlebisa. pirvelma maTganma, orgzisma, Semdgarma wm.
mociqulebis taZarSi imperator mixeil III-isa, papis legatebisa da 318
episkoposis monawileobiT, daamtkica wm. fotis arCeva sapatriarqo kaTedraze
da wm. ignatis damxoba. 869 wlis krebam papis moTxovniT gaauqma wina krebis
dadgenileba, gamoacxada wm. fotis gadadgoma da dedaqalaqis kaTedraze
ignatis aRdgena. 879 wlis konstantinopolis kreba moiwvies wm. sofiis

taZarSi. mas Tavmjdomareobda sapatriarqo RirsebaSi aRdgenili wm. foti

ukve wm. ignatis sikvdilis Semdeg. krebaSi monawileobda 383 mama
aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis eklesiebisa. krebam aRadgina gawyvetili
urTierToba aRmosavluri da dasavluri eklesiebisa.
TiToeulma am krebam gamosca kanonebi. kaTolikuri eklesia aRiarebs 869
wlis krebas, rogorc VIII msoflios. amis sapirispirod marTlmadidebeli
eklesia kanonikur mniSvnelobas aniWebs mxolod orgzisi krebis kanonebs da
agreTve wm. sofiis taZris krebas da uaryofs 869 wlis krebas. orgzisma
krebam gamosca 17, wm. sofiis taZris krebam 3 kanoni234.
3. wmida mamaTa kanonebi. kanonikur krebebSi msgavsad nikeemdeli epoqis
wm. mamebis kanonebisa, Sevida aseve kanonebi 9 mamisa, romelTac ixsenebs
trulis krebis me-2 kanoni. esenia: wm. wm. aTanase didi, basili didi, grigoli
RvTismetyveli, grigoli noseli, amfiloqe ikonieli, kirile aleqsandrieli,
genadi konstantinopoleli, agreTve timoTe da Teofile aleqsandrielebi da
kanonikuri epistole wm. tarasi konstantinopolelisa, romelic iyo ukve
trulis krebis Semdeg.
wm. aTanase didi (+372 w.) - mebrZoli nikeis rwmenisa, marTlmadideblobis
mamad wodebuli, avtori dogmatikuri, apologetikuri da polemikuri
Txzulebebisa. kanonikur krebulSi Sevida misi sami epistole.
wm. basili didis (+379 w.) kanonebi gansakuTrebulad mniSvnelovania
saeklesio samarTlisaTvis. wm. basili aRizarda qristianul ojaxSi,
ganaTleba aTenSi miiRo. egviptis, siriis, palestinisa da mesopotamiis
monastrebis molocvis Semdeg wmidani ganmartovda Tavis megobar grigoli
nazianzelTan erTad udabur adgilas, saidanac 370 w. miiwvies saepiskoposo
samsaxurisaTvis kesaria-kapadokiaSi. wm. basili meTaurobda marTlmadidebel
episkoposebs pontos diocezisa da mTeli aRmosavleTis arianuli da
naxevrad
arianuli
eresis
winaaRmdeg
sabrZolvelad.
basili
didis
dogmatikuri Tzxulebani, rogorc nawerebi wm. wm. aTanase da grigoli
RvTismetyvelisa,
gaxda
safuZveli
marTlmadidebluri
trinitaruli
RvTismetyvelebisa. kanonikur krebebSi Sevida 92 kanoni wm. basilisa.
wm. grigol noseli (+395 w.), umcrosi Zma basili didisa, cnobilia Tavisi
daxvewili saRvTismetyvelo da filosofiuri ganaTlebiTa da moSurneobiT
WeSmaritebis dacvisaTvis cruswavlebisagan. kanonikur krebulSi Sevida misi
erTi epistole dayofili 8 kanonad.
grigoli RvTismetyveli (+389 w.), megobari iyo wm. basili kesarielisa.
kanonikur kodeqsSi Sesulia misi leqsad dawerili CamonaTvali Zveli da
axali aRTqmis wmida wignebisa.
wm. amfiloqe ikonielis (+395) analogiuri Sinaarsis epistolea Sesuli
kanonikur krebulSi.
timoTes, aleqsandrieli mTavarepiskoposis (+385 w.), wm. aTanases mowafis,
18 pasuxia Sesuli saeklesio wyaroebis krebulSi, es pasuxebi man gasca
episkoposebisa da samRvdeloebis kiTxvebs.
aleqsandrieli Teofiles 14 kanonia Sesuli kanonikur krebulSi. igi iyo
mdevneli wm. ioane oqropirisa, aleqsandriuli saRvTismetyvelo skola II-IV
saukuneebSi yvela sxva saeklesio skolas aRemateboda Tavisi swavlebiT. wm.
kirile
aleqsandrieli
(+444
w.)
iyo
mcveli
marTlmadidebluri

qristologiisa nestorianelTa eresisagan. kanonikur krebulSi moTavsebulia

agreTve epistole mTavarepiskopos genadisa (+471), konstantinopolis
459
wlis
krebis
mamebTan
erTad
simoniis
Sesaxeb
da
wm.
tarasis,
konstantinopoleli (+809) patriarqisa romis papis adrianesTan aseve simoniis
Sesaxeb. wm. tarasis epistoleTi mTavrdeba umTavresi kanonikuri krebuli
marTlmadidebluri eklesiisa.
zogierT umTavres krebulSi damatebiT Sesulia wm. ioane mmarxvelis (+595
w.) `kanonikoni~, SemdegSi damuSavebuli mRvdelmonazon maTeos blastaris
mier. igi iqca saxelmZRvanelod sasuliero pirebisaTvis (da CarTulia
berZnul kanonikur krebulebSi: `pidalionsa~ da `aTenis sintagmaSi~).
`pidalionis~ zogierT krebulSi Sesulia wm. nikifore aRmsareblis (+818)
kanonebi235.
4. kanonikuri krebulebi. msoflio krebaTa epoqaSi arsebobda uxvi
saeklesio kanonikuri masala, aman gamoiwvia aucilebloba misi kodifikaciisa,
Seiqmna krebulebi, romelTa daniSnuleba iyo, xeli Seewyo aRniSnuli masalis
praqtikuli gamoyenebisaTvis.
msoflio krebaTa epoqis krebulebi SeiZleba davyoT sam jgufad.
1. kanonikurni, romelnic Seicavs mxolod saeklesio kanonebs;
2. samoqalaqo, romelnic Seicavs mxolod saxelmwifo kanonebs saeklesio
saqmeTa Sesaxeb;
3. Sereuli krebulebi, romlebic Seicavs rogorc erT, ise meore kanonebs _
nomokanonebi (berZnuli sityvidan `nomo~ _ sjuli (pfrjys) da `kanoni~
(amJamad `nomo~ iTargmneba, rogorc kanoni, magram Cans, Zvel saqarTveloSi
`nomo~ iTargmneboda rogorc `sjuli~, `kanoni~ ki saeklesio sjuli).
kanonikur krebulebs yofdnen or tipad: qronologiurad, romelSic
krebaTa da mamaTa kanonebi qronologiuri mimdevrobiT iyo moyvanili da
sistematurad, romelSic saeklesio-samarTlebrivi masala dajgufebuli iyo
Tavebis, ganyofilebebis, rubrikeb-titulebis mixedviT.
pirveli CvenTvis cnobili qronologiuri krebuli dakavSirebulia
saqarTvelos mezobel pontos diocezTan - e.w. pontos krebuli, masSi Sevida
ankiris, kesariis da neokesariis krebebis kanonebi (Cemi azriT, Tu
saqarTvelos uSualo mezobel pontos diocezSi Rrma Seswavlis obieqti iyo
saeklesio kanonikuri samarTali, CvenSic unda hqonodaT warmodgena, Tu
praqtikuli gamoyeneba ara, aRniSnuli krebulis Sesaxeb).
SemdgomSi
pontos
krebuls
daemata
sxva
kanonebi
IV-V
ss-isa,
qronologiuri Sesabamisobis mixedviT. kerZod, gangrisa (Rangris) da
antioqiis krebebisa, sinopsisi _ Semoklebuli gadmocema _ kanonebisa,
gamocemulni aseve Cveni mezobeli frigiis provinciis krebebis mier,
romelTac ewodebodaT laodikiis krebis kanonebi da bolos II msoflio
krebis
epistole,
jer
kidev
kanonebad
dauyofeli.
am
krebuliT
sargeblobdnen qalkedonis krebis mamebi. IV msoflio krebam Tavisi 1 kanoniT
daamtkica saerTo saeklesio avtoriteti am kodeqsisa, romelsac ewoda
qalkedonis krebuli. gangra, frigia da laodikia, rogorc aRiniSna,
saqarTvelos mezoblad mdebareobdnen.
Seqmnili iyo sxva qronologiuri krebulebi, magram qronologiur rigze
dawyobili kanonebi mouxerxebeli iyo praqtikuli gamoyenebis drois,

Zneldeboda moZieba saWiro kanonisa, amitomac ukve VI saukunidan gamoCnda

saeklesio kanonebis pirveli berZnuli sistematuri krebuli, 60 titulovani
(titlovani). masSi mTeli masala dalagebuli iyo 60 Tavad, anu titulad Sinaarsis Sesabamisad.
Cvenamde moaRwia presviter ioane sqolastikosis (ase uwodebdnen im drois
advokatebs) sistemurma krebulma, romelsac uwoda `sinagoga saRmrTo da
wmida kanonebisa dayofili 50 Tavad (titulad)~.
VI-VII ss-Si konstantinopolSi gamoCnda kanonebis axali krebuli
`kanonikuri sintagma~ - gayofili or nawilad. pirveli nawili - sistematuria,
masSi mTeli masala dayofilia 14 rubrikad - titulad, romelnic, Tavis
mxriv, dayofilia Tavebad. meore nawilSi igive kanonebi ganlagebulia
qronologiuri
TanmimdevrobiT.
cnobilia
agreTve
sxva
sistematuri
krebulebic.
romaulma samoqalaqo samarTalma, saeklesios msgavsad, adrebizantiur
epoqaSi ganicada kodificireba (kodifikacia). Sedgenil iqna sakanonmdeblo
krebulebi, romlebSic Sevida rogorc qristianobamdeli imperatorebis, ise
qristiani imperatorebis kanonebi, adrebizantiuri sakanonmdeblo aqtebi
icemoda imperiis saxelmwifo laTinur enaze. 438 wels gamoica Teodosis
`kodeqsi~. kanonebi am `kodeqsSi~ dayofilia 16 wignad, romelnic dayofilia
Tavebad (titulebad). bolo me-16 wigni Seicavs saxelmwifo kanonebs,
romelnic Seexeba saeklesio saqmeebs.
iustiniane didma (527-565) gamosca fundamenturi krebulebi romauli
samarTlisa, romelTac uwodes `saero samarTlis korpusi~ (Corpus iuris civilis).
am korpusSi Sedis 4 krebuli
1. `dadgenilebaTa kodeqsi~. masSi Sevida imperatorTa kanonebi adrianedan (117
w.) iustinianes bolo kanonamde (534 w.). krebuli dayofilia 12 wignad,
TiToeuli wigni titulebad. saeklesio saqmeebs exeba pirveli wignis
dasawyisi titulebi. gamoica orjer 529 da 534 wlebSi, pirvels ewoda
`Zveli~, axals - `Sesworebuli~.
2. (meore krebuli iustinianesi) `digestebi~, anu `pandeqtebi~. gamoqveynda 533
w. dayofilia 50 wignad. Sedis warmodgenili epoqis iuristebis
ganmartebebi.
3. (mesame krebuli iustinianesi) - `institucia~, dayofilia 4 wignad. wignebi
titulebad, titulebi paragrafebad. is SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aris
saxelmZRvanelo samarTlebrivi masalis Sesaswavlad.
4. (meoTxe krebuli iustinianesi) - ewodeba `axali dadgenilebani~, anu
`novelebi~ - esaa iustinianes is kanonebi, romelnic gamoica `kodeqsis~
gamoqveynebis Semdeg. `novelebi~, ZiriTadad, dawerilia berZnul enaze.
pirveli TariRdeba 535 wliT.
saeklesio sakiTxSi iustinianes kanonebis ZiriTadi adresati, rogorc
wesi, konstantinopolis patriarqia236, magram brZanebebi sxva patriarqebsac
egzavnebodaT. `novelis~, anu brZanebis miRebis Semdeg patriarqebi maT
ugzavnidnen mitropolitebs, saidanac isini egzavnebodaT episkoposebs da ase
Semdeg _ monastrebsa da samrevloebs. es novelebi erT wignad Sekribes
iustinianes sikvdilis Semdeg.
741 wels gamoica lev isavrosisa da konstantine koprinimis (qarTvelebi
mas uwodeben konstantine skores) `kanonebis ekloga~. es imperatorebi

xatmebrZolebi iyvnen, amitomac igi marTlmadideblobis damtkicebis Semdeg

miaweres IX saukunis imperatorebs _ lev brZensa da mis Svils konstantines.
imperatorma basili makedonelma da misma Svilma lev brZenma gamosces
ramdenime krebuli romaul-bizantiuri samarTlisa. esenia: `proxironi~ da
`basiliki~. `basilikSi~ Sevida mxolod is Zveli kanonebi, romelTac ar
hqondaT Zala dakarguli imperator basili makedonelis mmarTvelobisas.
krebuli dayofilia 60 wignad. wignebi titulebad, titulebi Tavebad, Tavebi
paragrafebad. saeklesio saqmeTa Sesaxeb laparakia 1,3,4, da 5 wignebSi. am
basilisa da misi Svilebis sulieri mama-aRmzrdeli iyo ilarioni, qarTveli
wmidani.
XII s-Si bizantiaSi iuridiul Zalas aniWebdnen iustinianes `korpusis~
mxolod im kanonebs, romelnic `basilikebis~ krebulSi iyo Sesuli.
balsamonma aseve gadaxeda `nomokanonis~ kanonebs, am dros maTi mniSvnelobis
kriteriumad miiCnia Semdegi garemoeba: Setanili iyo Tu ara isini
`basilikSi~. es iyo bizantiuri samarTlebrivi reforma, romelic, Cveni
azriT, saeWvoa, rom asaxuliyo qarTul saeklesio samarTalSi, radgan,
rogorc cnobilia, arc `basiliki~ da arc balsamonis ganmartebebi qarTulad
Targmnili ar yofila (slavurSi ar Sevida amave mizeziT)237.
5. `nomokanonebi~. ase uwodebdnen Tavdapirvel krebulebs, romlebic
Seicavda rogorc saeklesio, iseve samoqalaqo kanonebs saeklesio saqmeTa
Sesaxeb.
uZvelesi `nomokanoni~ miewereba ioane sqolastikoss, Tumca misi avtoroba
saeWvodaa miCneuli. miakuTvneben VI saukunes.
yvelaze cnobili da istoriulad mniSvnelovani saeklesio-samarTlebrivi
krebulia
_
`nomokanoni
14-titulovani~.
misi
Seqmna
miewereba
konstantinopolel patriarqs wm. fotis. amJamad miiCneven, rom igi Sedgenilia
ori avtoris mier, da arsebobs misi ori redaqcia sxvadasxva epoqisa. pirveli
redaqcia miewereboda konstantinopolis patriarqs sergis (610-638) (es sergi
iyo kirosis, savaraudod qarTvelTa kaTalikosis kirionis, megobari).
`ToTxmettitulovani nomokanoni~ Sedgeba ori nawilisagan. pirveli
nawili, romelsac aseve `nomokanoni~ ewodeba, gayofilia 14 titulad,
titulebi Tavebad, aqvs kanonTa saCvenebeli. TiToeuli rubrikis qveS
gamoyofilia samoqalaqo kanonebi Tavisa da titulis Tematikis mixedviT.
krebulis meore nawils ewodeba `sintagma~, Sedgeba kanonebis teqstebisagan,
romelnic ganlagebulia qronologiuri TanmimdevrobiT.
`ToTxmettitulovani nomokanonis~ meore redaqcia Sedgenilia 883 wels.
zogierTi mecnieri mas miawers wm. fotis. fotis `nomokanonSi~ warmodgenilia
yvela kanoni, Setanili sakanonmdeblo kodeqsSi, romelsac dRes vicnobT. esaa
yvelaze sruli da saxmarad mosaxerxebeli krebuli, amitomac man berZnuli
eklesiidan gandevna yvela sxva kompilacia. aqedan gamomdinare, 920 wlis
konstantinopolis
krebam
sazeimod
daamtkica
`ToTxmettitulovani
nomokanoni~
rogorc
sayovelTaod
savaldebulo
kodeqsi
msoflio
eklesiisaTvis.
amJamad
fotis
`nomokanonis~
`sintagma~
warmoadgens
238
marTlmadidebluri eklesiis kanonikur krebuls .
imis gamo, rom 920 wlis konstantinopolis krebam `14-titulovani
nomokanoni~ sayovelTaod savaldebulod daamtkica msoflio eklesiisaTvis,

unda vifiqroT, rom iqamde qarTul eklesiaSi arsebuli Zveli saeklesiosamarTlebrivi kodeqsebi mouxmareblobisa da gadauwerlobis gamo TandaTan
amoRebul iqna xmarebidan da amdenad, ver moaRwia Cvenamde.
6. kanonTa ganmartebani, aristine, zonara, balsamoni. bizantiuri
epoqis saeklesio samarTlis damaxasiaTebeli niSania adre gamocemuli
kanonebis ganmartebani. kanonebis ganmartebebs berZeni iuristebi uwodeben
sqolioebs, xolo laTinebi glosebs.
Tavdapirvelad, sqolioebs werdnen xelnawerTa areebze. maT hqondaT
SeniSvnebisa da ganmartebebis xasiaTi calkeuli sityvisa Tu kanonebis
zogierTi adgilisaTvis. TandaTanobiT zogierTi Zveli sqolio Seitanes
samarTlis teqstSi anda TviTon gadaiqcnen TavisTavad kanonad.
aleqsi aristine eladeli iyo, miiRo iuridiuli ganaTleba, eWira maRali
samoqalaqo Tanamdeboba. konstantinopolSi miiwvia imperatorma ioane
komnenosma diakonobasTan erTad man daiWira umaRlesi saxelmwifo
Tanamdebobani nomofilaqsisa, da bolos, saeklesio Tanamdeboba _
sapatriarqo eklesiis didi ekonomosisa. gardaicvala 1166 wlis Semdeg.
imperatoris davalebiT ioane aristinem Seadgina kanonikuri `sinopsisis~
ganmartebani (daaxl. 1130 wels).
ioane zonara cnobili bizantieli kanonisti, cxovrobda imperatorTa:
aleqsis da ioanes dros. eWira didi saxelmwifo Tanamdebobani, col-Svilis
sikvdilis Semdeg berad aRikveca. dawera sxvadasxva Txzuleba, maT Soris
fotis `nomokanonis~ `sintagmis~ ganmarteba (daaxl. 1142 wlis Semdeg).
nomokanonis pirveli nawilis ganmarteba ar moucia (es nawili Seicavs
eklesiis Sesaxeb samoqalaqo kanonebs).
Teodor balsamoni iyo XII saukunis yvelaze avtoritetuli kanonisti.
daibada konstantinopolSi. imperator manuilis dros eWira sapatriarqo
nomofilaqsisa da xartofilaqsis Tanamdebobani. 1193 wels aiyvanes antioqiis
patriarqis taxtze, magram am dros antioqia jvarosnebs eWiraT, amitom
balsamons ar dautovebia konstantinopoli. es iyo imperator isaak angelosis
dros.
nikita xoniatis TqmiT, imperatori isaak angelosi dahpirda balsamons,
rom
konstantinopolis
patriarqis
kaTedraze
gadaiyvanda
antioqiis
patriarqis kaTedridan, Tuki igi am aqtis damamtkicebel ganmartebebs
Seadgenda. Sesabamisi ganmarteba balsamonma gadasca episkoposTa krebas,
magram
aRmoCnda,
rom
es
sabuTi
imperators
esaWiroeboda,
raTa
konstantinopolis kaTedraze gadmoeyvana misTvis sasurveli ierusalimeli
patriarqi dosiTeosi239.
(imperators SeeZlo sapatriarqo taxtze aeyvana misTvis sasurveli piri
anda
gadmoeyvana
sxva
kaTedridan.
konstantinopolis,
aleqsandriis,
ierusalimis, antioqiis sapatriarqoebi erT eklesias Seadgendnen erTi
`saeklesio wesierebis uzenaesi mcveliT~ (e.i. imperator-TaviT) da zogjer
saerTo sinodiT _ krebiT).
balsamonma miiRo davaleba, Seedgina mTliani `ToTxmettitulovani
nomokanonis~ ganmartebebi da ara mxolod `sintagmisa~. am droisaTvis
miiCneoda, rom `nomokanonSi~ Sesul iustinianes kanonebsa da im dros
bizantiaSi moqmed kanonmdeblobas Soris, romelic Sesuli iyo `basilikebSi~,
ar iyo Sesatyvisoba.

balsamonma `nomokanonis~ ganmartebis dros aRiara, rom Zaladakargulad

unda CaTvliliyo iustinianes is kanonebi, romelnic marTalia ASesuli iyo
`nomokanonSi~, magram ar iyo `basilikebSi~240.
balsamoni amarTlebs imperatorTa yovelgvar qmedebas saeklesio saqmeTa
marTvaSi.
icavs
konstantinopolis
patriarqis
upiratesobas
sxva
sapatriarqoebTan SedarebiT. balsamons aqvs agreTve 66 kanonikuri pasuxi,
romelic nomokanonis ganmartebasTan erTad Sevida `aTenis sintagmaSi~.
ukve XIII saukunidan `nomokanonebi~, romelTac ar gaaCndaT `ganmartebani~
(aRniSnuli kanonistebisa) iTvlebodnen moZvelebulad da gamovidnen
xmarebidan.
XIV saukuneSi aseTive samuSao maTe blastarma Seasrula241.
komentatorTa axali Taobis warmomadgenelni arian serbeTis episkoposi
nikodime242 da ioane smolenskeli episkoposi243.

Tavi II.
1. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebis pirveli qarTuli Targmanebi
saeklesio samarTali saeklesio-administraciuli mmarTvelobis sferoSi
garkveul cvlilebebs ganicdida epoqaTa Sesabamisad. sxvagvari iyo is
nikeamdeli da aseve qalkedonamdeli eklesiebisaTvis, sxvagvaria is e.w.
`axali
eklesiebisaTvis~
(igulisxmeba
is
eklesiebi,
romelnic
konstantinopolis wiaRidan gamovidnen da misgan miiRes avtokefalia. esenia,
ruseTis, bulgareTis, rumineTisa da sxva `axali~ eklesiebi).
nikeas I msoflio krebamde arsebuli eklesiebi erTmaneTis mimarT
damoukidebelni iyvnen da imarTebodnen mociqulTa 34-e kanonis Sesabamisad.
nikeamdeli eklesiebis es damoukidebuleba I, II da III msoflio krebebma ar
SezRudes, magram qalkedonis msoflio krebis Semdeg man garkveuli
cvlilebebi ganicada. am dros moxda eklesiaTa gaerTianeba avtokefaluri

eklesiebis Semcirebis kvaldakval. imis gasarkvevad, Tu administraciuli

mmarTvelobis mxriv ra uflebebiT sargeblobda saqarTvelos eklesia, unda
gairkves es eklesia qalkedonamdeli eklesiaa Tu qalkedoniis krebis Semdeg
Camoyalibda. wyaroebis analizi aCvenebs, rom saqarTvelos eklesia nikeamde
anda
nikeis
krebis
paralelurad
Camoyalibda
(amiT,
cxadia,
is
qalkedonamdeli eklesiaa). es asaxulia saeklesio terminologiaSic.
qarTvelebma qristianobis naTeli miiRes jer kidev romis imperiis
arsebobisas
maSin,
roca
imperiis
saxelmwifo
sarwmunoebas
marTlmadidebloba, xolo saxelmwifo enas laTinuri warmoadgenda. ramac
Tavisi asaxva pova qarTul sasuliero literaturaSi,
magaliTad, wmida
ninos `cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, wmida ninos ufalma laTinurad dawerili
mcnebebi gadasca, wmida ninos `romaelTa tyves~ uwodeben, mis sarwmunoebas ki
`romaelTa rjuls~244, wmida nino werils iRebs `romis patriarqisagan~,
masTan modis romaeli diakoni da sxv. romis imperiis arsebobis dros
Tavdapirvelad 100-ze meti avtokefaluri eklesia arsebobda245, amitom
provinciul da diocezur eklesiebs hqondaT administraciuli TavisTavadoba,
romelsac Semdeg avtokefalia ewoda246. unda vifiqroT, rom Camoyalibebis
dros I-IV saukuneebSi msoflio eklesiasTan sulierad umWidroesad
dakavSirebuli qarTuli eklesia iseTive administraciuli TavisTavadobiT
sargeblobda, rogoriTac sxva provinciebisa da diocezebis eklesiebi romis
imperiaSi.
miT
umetes,
rom
saqarTvelo
damoukidebel
saxelmwifos
warmoadgenda, rac cxadia, unda asaxuliyo misi eklesiis iuridiul statussa
da masSi moqmed kanonikur samarTalzec, romelTa arsebobis gareSe
eklesiuri cxovreba SeuZlebelia.
IV s-is ukve Sua wlebidan TandaTan viTareba Seicvala da bizantiis
imperiaSi ukve V-VI saukunisaTvis Camoyalibda ramdenime msxvili saeklesio
erTeuli (Semdgomi sapatriarqoebi), romelTac gamoamJRavnes miswrafeba
daeqvemdebarebinaT
mezobeli,
iqamde
administraciulad
damoukidebeli
eklesiebi. ZiriTadad, es SeZles kidec, Tumca kviprosis eklesiam SeinarCuna
Tavisi avtokefalia, raSic mas daexmara III msoflio kreba, roca antioqiis
saydari mis administraciul daqvemdebarebas cdilobda. kviprosis eklesiis
msgavs TavisTavad eklesiaTa rigSi albaT qarTuli eklesiac imyofebda, miT
umetes, rom is imperiis farglebs gareT mdebareobda. unda vivaraudoT, rom
am dros IV da gansakuTrebiT V saukuneSi qarTul enaze gadmoiTargmna
bibliuri da saRvTismetyvelo wignebi, wmida mamaTa nawerebis erTi nawili.
iTargmneboda am dros Tu ara kanonikuri krebulebi, CvenTvis ucnobia, magram
radgan msoflioSi pirveli kanonikuri krebulebi swored saqarTvelos
uSualo mezoblad, kerZod, galateas, frigiisa da pontos provinciebSi
Seiqmna
swored
aRniSnul
periodSi,
kanonikuri
samarTali
arc
qarTvelebisaTvis unda yofiliyo ucnobi, miT umetes, rom am samyarosTan
qarTvelebs
umWidroesi
sulieri-ekonomikuri
urTerToba
hqoniaT.
mxedvelobaSi rom ar miviRoT iseTi mniSvnelovani mxarec ki, rogoricaa
qarTvelTa da kapadokiel-pontoel-galatelTa eTnikuri naTesaoba, rac am
urTierTobis kidev ufro garRmavebis erT-erTi xelSemwyobi faqtori unda
yofiliyo.

magram qarTvelebs am Tavis samezoblo, Rrmad qristian qveyanasTan

akavSirebda sarwmunoeba, riTac yovelive ifareboda da umTavres sulier
mamoZravebel Zalas warmoadgenda IV da V saukuneebSi.
VI-VII saukuneSi, rogorc amas epistoleTa wignSi Semonaxuli dvinis
eklesiis meTaurisadmi kirion kaTalikosis pasuxebi miuTiTebs, qarTvelebi
kargad icnobdnen imJamindeli kanonikuri samarTlis safuZvlebs. kavSirurTierToba
hqondaT
msoflio
eklesiis
meTaurebTan,
kirionisTvis
gamogzavnili romis papis epistole, romelic nestorianelebTan urTierTobis
sakiTxis mogvarebas exeba, erTi amis damamtkicebeli magaliTia. garda amisa,
rogorc sxvadasxva wyaro miuTiTebs, kirions kavSir-urTierToba hqonda
konstantinopolisa da ierusalimis patriarqebTan. amitomac unda vifiqroT,
rom kavkasiis masStabiT iseTi didi xalxis eklesia, rogoric iyo
saqarTvelosi, ar unda yofiliyo darCenili saeklesio-samarTlebrivi
Zeglebis gareSe. mkvlevarTa TvalsazrisiT, romelic Sesabamis adgilas
gvaqvs gadmocemuli, saqarTveloSi V saukunisaTvis gavrcelebuli unda
yofiliyo e.w. `siriul-romauli samarTali~, romelic Semdgom xelmeored
uTargmniaT XVIII s-Si.
VII s-Si, mas Semdeg, rac herakle keisarma iranis saxelmwifo daamarcxa,
bizantia kidev ufro mWidrod daukavSirda saqarTvelos. rogorc zemoT
aRiniSna, saqarTvelos emezoblebodnen bizantiis Rrmad qristianuli
saeklesio provinciebi, rasac CvenSi, kerZod ki maT uSualo mezobel taoklarjeTSi, unda Seeqmna xelsayreli pirobebi bizantielTa msgavsad
kanonikuri samarTlis mcodne pirebis arsebobisaTvis. amas unda miuTiTebdes
qarTuli terminis `merCules~ arseboba, rac swored kanonikuri samarTlis
mcodnesa da ganmmartebels _ `merjules~ erqva. rogorc p. ingoroyvam
gaarkvia, am profesiis mqone sasuliero pirebi bizantieli advokatebisa da
sqolastebis
msgavsi
profesiis
mqoneni
unda
yofiliyvnen,
romelTa
daniSnuleba saeklesio kanonebis ganmarteba iyo, maT unda hqonodaT
Sesabamisi ganaTlebac. amas adasturebs CvenTvis cnobili mwerlis, giorgi
merCules didi ganaTleba da erudicia.
unda vivaraudoT, rom qarTul enaze arsebobda saeklesio-kanonikuri
krebulebi, magram rogorc aRvniSneT, konstantinopolis 920 wlis saeklesio
krebam akrZala yvela Zveli krebulis gamoyeneba, garda `ToTxmettitlovani
nomokanonisa~, amitomac Zveli qarTuli kanonikuri samarTlis krebulebi
(Targmanebi), Cans, amoRebul iqna xmarebidan, SesaZloa amitomac ar moaRwia
Cvenamde.
CvenSi rom msoflio krebaTa kanonebis ganmartebani arsebobda, unda
miuTiTebdes V-VI krebis kanonebis eqvTime aToneliseuli Targmani-ganmarteba.
man, miuxedavad zemoaRniSnuli akrZalvisa, rogorc Cans, mainc gaagrZela
qarTul eklesiaSi tradiciuli muSaoba saeklesio kanonebze da mogvca
aRniSnuli krebis dadgenilebebi e.w. `mcire sjulis kanonis saxiT~.
iv. javaxiSvilis SexedulebiT `qarTuli kanonikuri mwerlobis pirveli
Zeglebi ukve xanmetobis xanaSi yofila~247.

2. sakanonmdeblo Zeglebis Targmanebi VI-VII ss-Si

iv. javaxiSvilis azriT, msoflio krebaTa sakanonmdeblo Zeglebi qarTul

enaze ukve gadmoRebuli unda yofiliyo VI s-is bolosa da VII s-is
dasawyisSi. es mosazreba efuZneba `epistoleTa wignis~ ganxilvas. kirioni
abraam
somexTa
kaTalikoss
swerda
erT-erT
epistoleSi
_
`me
gadmovaTargmnine da gaaxle oTxi krebis wignebi, romliTac xelmZRvaneloben
romaelebi (e.i. bizantielebi), agreTve igive iqadageba anastas-wmidasa da wmida
sionSic (e.i. ierusalimis eklesiaSi) gindaT Tu ara, esaa Cveni sarwmunoeba~,
am sityvebidan Cans, rom kirion kaTalikoss abraam kaTalikosisaTvis oTxi
msoflio krebis aRsarebis Semcveli Zegli gadmouTargmnia248. amave
epistoleSi ganmartebulia, Tu saidan aiRo kirionma oTxi msoflio krebis
aRmsarebloba _ kirioni wers: `Cven Cveni gonebiT araferi dagviweria, aramed
TiToeuli saeklesio krebaTa wignebidan aris amoRebuli~249.
z. aleqsiZis TargmaniT ase JRers es sityvebi: `icodeT, rom es Cven TviTon
ki ar davwereT, aramed TviToeuli krebis wignidan [amoviReT] da sarwmunoeba
RmerTis mowyalebiT CvenSia. davwereT sruli WeSmaritebiT, ara Tu mcire
gamoZiebiT, aramed didad davSveriT da vcaniT~250.
iv. javaxiSvili daaskvnis, `VI-VII ss. saqarTvelos eklesias msoflio
krebebis Zeglis weraTa wigni hqonia da amnairad kanonikuri mwerloba am
SemTxvevaSi msoflio eklesiis kanonebis Targmanebis saxiT mainc ukve
arsebobda rasakvirvelia adgilobiTi krebebis ZeglisweraTa wignebic
iqneboda~249. qarTuli kanonikuri mwerlobis dasawyisad iv. javaxiSvils
miaCnia xanmetobis xana249. k. kekeliZe ar iziarebs am Tvalsazriss da miiCnevs,
rom XI-XII ss-mde qarTvelebs ar uTargmniaT kanonikuri Zeglebi. k. kekeliZes
eTanxmeba e. gabiZaSvili da miiCnevs, rom `dasaxelebul krebaTa sruli
aqtebis qarTul enaze am droisaTvis arseboba Zalian saeWvod migvaCnia, miT
umetes, rom nikeis I da konstantinopolis II msoflio krebaTa aqtebi krebis
sxdomaTa zustad Cawerili oqmebi, rogorc III, IV, V, VI da VIII msoflio
krebebis Sesaxeb gvaqvs saerTod ar unda arsebuliyo~251.
SesaZloa marTlac ar arsebobda I da II msoflio krebaTa zustad
Cawerili oqmebi, magram III, IV msoflio krebaTa mier gamocemuli kanonebis
Targmna SeeZloT qarTvelebs somxur eklesiasTan udidesi mniSvnelobis mqone
kamaTis dros, roca am saeklesio sakiTxs, faqtobrivad, saxelmwifoebrivi,
eris momavali cxovrebis ganmsazRvreli mniSvneloba hqonda da es orive
mokamaTe krebam kargad icoda. am mxriv iv. javaxiSvilis mosazreba misaRebia.
miTumetes, rom kirioni orjer axsenebs `oTx krebaTa wignebs~252, amasTanave
Tavis epistoles Tan urTavs I, II, III da IV krebaTa masalebs253.
al. vaCeiSvili am sakiTxSi eTanxmeba iv. javaxiSvils da miaCnia, rom VI-IX
ss-Si eklesiis Sinagani cxovrebis mosawesrigeblad, saxelmwifosa da kerZo
pirebTan urTierTobis mosagvareblad iuridiul normebs bizantiidan
gadmoiRebdnen254.
3. sakanonmdeblo Zeglebis Targmanebi VIII-IX ss-Si
iv. javaxiSvilis azriT, qarTul enaze saeklesio kanonebis krebuli ukve
grigol xanZTelis epoqaSi arsebobda, rasac gvafiqrebinebs giorgi merCulis
saistorio TxzulebaSi Sesuli erTi cnoba. javaxeTis saeklesio krebaze
guaram mamfals ganucxadebia: `wmidao mamano, episkoposno da meudabnoeno,

iciT yovelTa kanoni Sjulisai, rameTu ara brZanebs episkoposisa da

kaTalikosisa mZlavrobiT dajdomasa~. amis sapasuxod grigol xanZTels
agreTve msoflio saeklesio kanonmdeblobidan amoRebuli sabuTebiT miugia:
`wmidaTa mociqulTa da RirsTa maT mRvdelT moZRvarTagan gansazRvrebulsa
kanonsa Sina arave brZanebul ars eriskacTa viTarmca episkoposTa da wesisa
winamZRvarTa mamaTa gansagebelisa sjulis moZRvrebasa ikadrebda~. iv.
javaxiSvilis TqmiT aqedan aSkarad Cans, rom ara mxolod saeklesio
moZRvrebi, aramed ganaTlebuli eriskacebic ki icnobdnen `Sjulis kanons~,
masze amyarebdnen TavianT sabuTebsa da msjelobas255. iv. javaxiSvilma
gaarkvia, rom es sabuTebi, kerZod, eyrdnoboda `Sjuliskanonis~ im nawils,
romelsac
ewodeboda
`mociqulTa
gansazRvrebuli
kanonebi~
da
`mRvdelmoZRvarTa gansazRvrebuli kanonebi~. iv. javaxiSvili askvnis,
`warmoudgenelia, rom msoflio saeklesio krebebis kanonebic naTargmni ar
yofiliyo~256. cxadia, SesaZloa es ar yofiliyo is saboloo redaqcia,
romelic ToTxmettitulovani krebulis saxeliTaa cnobili, aramed erT-erTi
krebuli im sjuliskanonTagan, romelic bizantiaSi Zalze mravlad
arsebobda. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom tao-klarjeTs bizantia miiCnevda
Tavisi imperiis Tu nawilad ara, masze daqvemdebarebul teritoriad mainc,
cxadia, imperiis teritoriaze arsebul marTlmadidebel eklesiebs unda
hqonodaT kidec bizantiuri sjuliskanonebis Targmanebi, sxvagvarad eklesiis
marTva SeuZlebeli Seiqneboda, gansakuTrebiT im dros, roca somxuri eklesia
pretenzias acxadebda tao-klarjeTze, raTa igi Tavis iurisdiqciaSi Seeyvana
(iseve, rogorc iyo VI-VII ss-is periodSi). aseT dros somxur eklesiasTan
paeqrobisas, cxadia, qarTvel mRvdelmTavrebsa da meudabnoeebs xelT
eqnebodaT Sesabamisi saeklesio kanonmdebloba. aRsaniSnavia, rom somxur
eklesias isini Tavidanve hqonda. k. kekeliZis azriT, `meaTe saukunis bolomde
qarTul enaze ar Senaxula aramcTu raime kanonikuri krebuli, aramed cotad
Tu bevrad eWvmiutaneli da kategoriuli cnoba aseTi krebulis arsebobis
Sesaxeb~257. magram, Tuki qarTvelebi bizantiaSi sagangebod agzavnidnen
TavianT warmomadgenlebsa da delegatebs im droisaTvis marTlmadideblobis
centrebSi arsebuli saeklesio tipikonebis, gangebebis, wes-Cveulebebis
aRwerilobaTa mosapoveblad, ratom ar unda dainteresebuliyo qarTuli
mxare, bizantiaSive moepovebina saeklesio kanonmdebloba, maSin roca igi
hqonda mis mezobel somxur eklesiasac? `Zeglis weraTa wignebi~, romelnic
kirion kaTalikoss abraam kaTalikosisTvis gaugzavnia, kidec rom ar
yofiliyo kanonikuri Zeglebi, rogorc k. kekeliZe fiqrobs, aramed
sarwmunoebriv-aRmsareblobiTi xasiaTis dogmatikuri formulebi, mainc, maT
Sexeba unda hqondaT kanonikasTan, radganac dogmatikuri mwerlobac
efuZneboda msoflio krebaTa gansazRvrebebs, mociqulTa kanonebsa da
eklesiis cnobil moZRvarTa kanonikur epistoleebs, ganmartebebs, rac
kanonikis
safuZvelia.
somex-qarTvelTa
saeklesio
cilobis
dros
moxseniebulia leon didis tomosi, epistole, romelsac IV msoflio
qalkedonis krebis dros gadamwyveti mniSvneloba mieniWa. `epistoleTa
wignSi~ naTqvamia, rom rogorc qarTvelebma, ise somxebma ganixiles
qalkedonis krebaTa dadgenilebebi da leonis epistolec. `ueWvelia es
dokumentebi qarTuladac iqneboda naTargmni~ _ daaskvnis k. kekeliZe258. rac
miuTiTebs, rom im daucxromeli brZolisa da kamaTis dros, romelic

mimdinareobda somxur eklesiasTan VI-X saukuneebSi qarTvelebi praqtikuli

saWiroebis gamo iZulebulnic ki iqnebodnen, eTargmnaT kanonikuri xasiaTis
Zeglebi berZnuli enidan. ar aris SemTxveviTi, rom episkoposi stefane
mtbevari somxur eklesiasTan kamaTis dros axsenebs swored msoflio krebaTa
kanonebs, roca wers somxebma `moZRvarTa mier wmidaTa krebaTa
RvTivsulierTa kanoni saeklesio Seuracxyves~259, rac kanonikuri mwerlobis
qarTulad arsebobas gulisxmobs.

4. sakanonmdeblo Zeglebis Targmanebi X-XI ss-Si

wmida
eqvTime
mTawmidelma
X
saukunis
bolos
Targmna
ioane
sqolastikosis
samarTlebrivi
krebuli
da
meeqvse
msoflio
krebis
dadgenilebebi. amiT, k. kekeliZis azriT, daiwyo qarTuli saeklesioiuridiuli mwerloba260. Tumca qarTuli didi sjuliskanonis mkvlevari
prof. vl. beneSeviCi fiqrobda, rom X saukunemde qarTul enaze TviT didi
sjuliskanonic ki iyo Targmnili. k. kekeliZe beneSeviCis mosazrebebs ar
eTanxmeba. akritikebs agreTve iv. javaxiSvils, romelic fiqrobda, rom didi
sjuliskanoni arsen iyalToelamde iyo Targmnili. k. kekeliZe wers `kanonikur krebulTa TargmanisaTvis pirvelad xeli moukidnia eqvTime
aTonels, rogorc mas Cveulebad hqonda, am SemTxvevaSic, gadmosaTargmn
ZeglTa SerCevisas, saxelmZRvanelo principad man aiRo praqtikuli,
yoveldRiuri mniSvneloba cxovrebisaTvis ama Tu im nawarmoebisa da Tanac
gadmoTargmna ara im saxiT, rogorc is dedanSi iyo, aramed misi
Sedgenilobisa da redaqciis cotaodeni SecvliT qarTul sinamdvilesTan
SefardebiT~261.
pavle ingoroyva gansxvavebuli mosazrebisaa da miiCnevs, rom me-10-11
saukunisaTvis samarTlis mecnierebas saqarTveloSi ganviTarebis maRali
donisaTvis miuRwevia... `me-10-11 saukuneebSi saqarTveloSi yofilan mecnieriuristebi, romelTac ewodebodaT `mecnierni sabWoTa saqmeTani~, bagrat IV-is
cnobili sigelidan irkveva, rom `mecnierni sabWoTa saqmeTani~ sagangebod
miiwveodnen xolme saxelmwifos uzenaesi organos - saxelmwifo darbazis
sxdomaze rTuli iuridiuli sakiTxebis ganxilvis dros~262.
p. ingoroyva ixilavs termins `rCuli~ da `merCule~ da daaskvnis: `merCule
iyo mecnieri `rCulisa~, specialurad kanonikuri samarTlis swavluli,
mcodne da amave dros mecnieri mTeli saqristiano moZRvrebisa, damwereli
rCulisa, e.i. Teologi, mecnieri... eqvTime mTawmidelis teqstidan irkveva, rom
`merCule~ iyo ara mxolod `mecnieri~ rCulisa, qristianuli moZRvrebisa,
aramed amave dros `rCulis~ siwmidis mcveli. `merCule~ `ganawesebs kanonsa~
maTTvis, romlebic gardaxdnen qristianuli `rCulis~ wesebs, e. i. merCule
uflebamosilia ikisros amave dros kanonikuri samarTlis msajulis
funqciebi... Tu ramdenad didi iyo `merCuleTa~ (msajulTa) avtoriteti Zvel
saqarTveloSi, amas adasturebs Zveli qarTuli kanonikuri Zegli `mcneba
sasjulo~, sadac kaTalikoss aqvs Semdegi zewodeba `mesjuleTa (e.i.
merCuleTa) Tavi da uxucesi~. p. ingoroyvas gamokvlevis Tanaxmad, grigol
xanZTelis cxovrebis aRmwereli giorgi merCule yofila `rCulis~ sakiTxTa

kanonikuri samarTlis swavluli mcodne263. amitomac Tavis TxzulebaSi

aSuqebs kanonikuri samarTlis sakiTxebs, rasac gamowvlilviT ixilavs
javaxeTis saeklesio krebis msvlelobis aRweris dros, agreTve cqiris
istoriis
gadmocemisas.
aRniSnuli
kreba
saqarTvelos
eklesiisa,
p.
ingoroyvas mixedviT, Sedga 845-850 wlebSi, javaxeTSi, mTavar guaram mamfalis
mowveviT. krebaze warmodgenilni yofilan sxvebTan erTad `wesisa da
Sjulisa maswavlebelni~, romelnic `wessa daudebdes ersa~. ara mxolod
sasuliero pirTagan, aramed eriskacTaganac ki im epoqaSi mravalni yofilan
`rCulisa moZRvarni~, `saRmrToTa wignTa mecnierni da enaTaTaca wurTilni~,
SeeZloT `rCulis gamoZieba~ da `moZRvreba~. es `wesisa da rCulisa
maswavlebelni~
ucxoeTSic
_
ierusalimsa
da
konstantinopolSic
mogzaurobdnen da iqidan saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi CamohqondaT `keTili wesi~.
wesi igive saeklesio kanonia. Tumca yvela `wesi~ rodi iyo gamosadegi
imdroindeli qarTuli sazogadoebisaTvis radganac `tvirTi Sjulisai da
wesi qristeanobisai, romeli aw qveyanasa Cvensa upyries, friad keTil ars~ da
`tvirTi ganwesebuli eyofin navsa, ukueTu daumZimo dainTqas da ukueTu
subuqad iyos, qarTa da RelvaTa waritacon~.
saeklesio-iuridiuli ganaTlebis maRalma donem SesaZlebeli gaxada X sis bolos warmoqmniliyo originaluri qarTuli kanonikuri krebuli,
romelic `mcire sjuliskanonis~ saxeliTaa cnobili. ase mas uwoda TviT
krebulis Semdgenelma wmida eqvTime mTawmidelma. man Targmna berZnuli
kanonikuri mwerlobis sxvadasxva wyaro, nawilobriv gadaamuSava da masSi
Seitana qarTuli masala. sabolood es krebuli garkveuli xnis manZilze
iTvleboda qarTuli eklesiis saxelmZRvanelod da dResac aqvs praqtikuli
mniSvneloba eklesiisaTvis, radganac miuxedavad arsen iyalToelis mier
Targmnili `didi sjuliskanonis~ arsebobisa, igi saukuneTa manZilze
gamoiyeneboda264.
mitropolit konstantines TqmiT wm. eqvTimes es Zeglebi zustad rodi
gadmouRia, igi am kanonebs cvlis, amoklebs, zogierTi sruliad ar Seaqvs
Tavis wignSi, zogjer ki Semoaqvs iseTi masala, romelic saerTod ar icis
berZnulma dedanma. yovelive amis gamo `mcire sjuliskanoni~ Tumca
bizantiuri saeklesio samarTlis ZeglTa mixedviTaa Sedgenili, magram im
principiT, romliTac xelmZRvanelobda qristianoba: emoqmeda ama Tu im
xalxis bunebis Sesabamisad da ara mis sawinaaRmdegod. am principidan
gamomdinare, eqvTimes saeklesio kanonTa krebuli imdenad `gauqarTulebia~,
rom Tavisi struqturiT igi erTaderTia msoflio qristianuli samarTlis
istoriaSi265.
VIII-X saukuneebis qarTuli eklesia gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas aqcevda
somxuri eklesiisagan qarTuli mrevlis dacvas, radganac, rogorc es
aRniSnuli iyo `saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoriis~ meore tomSi,
somxuri
eklesia
pretenziebs
acxadebda
qarTvel
mrevlze,
surda
kvlavindeburad moeqcia taos, samxreT saqarTvelos, gugarqisa da hereTis
qarTveloba Tavisi iurisdiqciis qveS, iseve, rogorc es adre iyo,
gansakuTrebiT
VI-VII
saukuneebSi
(Tumca
hereTi
somxuri
eklesiis
iurisdiqciisagan mxolod X s-Si gaTavisuflda). am mizezis gamo samxreT
saqarTvelos qarTul eklesias kvlavindeburad etyoboda monofizituri
eklesiis daRi, Cans, zogierTi qarTveli kvlav monofizituri eklesiis

gavlenis qveS iyo, amitomac deda eklesiis mrevlis dacvis mizniT, eqvTimem
Tavis sjuliskanonSi mravali cnoba, miTiTeba da kanoni Seitana im wesebis
Sesaxeb, romelnic somxur eklesiaSi iyo miRebuli, magram sinamdvileSi ki
mwvaleblobas warmoadgenda, kerZod, monofizituri xasiaTisas266. k. kekeliZis
sityviT eqvTimem gadmosaTargmn kanonikur ZeglTa Soris SearCia isini,
romelTac praqtikuli, yoveldRiuri mniSvneloba hqonda267.
`mcire sjuliskanoni~ gamosacemad moamzada elguja giunaSvilma. X s.
bolos eqvTime mTawmidelis mier Sedgenili `mcire sjuliskanoni~ e.
giunaSvilis mier miiCneva qarTuli klasikuri kanonikuri mwerlobis saTaved.
igi eqvTime mTawmidels Seudgenia berZnuli kanonikuri mwerlobis sxvadasxva
wyaros mixedviT. saqarTvelos saeklesio praqtikaSi farTod gamoiyeneboda.
es kanonikuri krebuli Tavisi SedgenilobiT originaluri da erTaderTia
qristianuli eklesiis samarTlis istoriaSi. misi msgavsi Sedgenilobis
krebuli ar icis arc erTi qveynis saeklesio samarTlis istoriam. `mcire
sjuliskanoni~ oTxi nawilisagan Sedegeba: 1. `wesi da gangeba da
rCuliskanoni meequsisa krebisa~; 2. kanonni SecodebulTani; 3. kanonni dRiTidReTa cTomisani; 4. Zegliswera sarwmunoebisa. eqvTime mTawmidels es
krebuli 1005 wlamde Seudgenia268.
e. giunaSvilis TvalsazrisiT, wmida eqvTime mTawmidelis kanonikuri
krebulis pirvel nawils warmoadgens trulis 692 wlis krebis kanonebi,
krebulSi is wodebulia VI msoflio krebis kanonebad. krebulis meore
nawilia
SecodebulTa
kanonebi,
konstantinopolis
patriarqis
ioane
mmarxvelis (582-595) Sroma, Tumca specialistebis TvalsazrisiT es kanonebi
VIII s. bolosa da X saukunis Sua aRmocenda269. krebulis mesame nawils
qarTul samecniero literaturaSi basili didis kanonebi Seerqva, Tumca e.
giunaSvilis TvalsazrisiT, es kanonebi IX s. Semdeg aRmocenda da X s-Si
sakmaod yofila gavrcelebuli saRvTismetyvelo praqtikaSi. krebis IV nawili
qarTul samecniero literaturaSi iwodeboda VII msoflio krebis kanonebad.
e. giunaSvilis TvalsazrisiT, es Secdomaa, sinamdvileSi es nawili
warmoadgens 843 wlis konstantinopolis adgilobrivi krebis `sarwmunoebis
Zeglisweras~270.
`rogorc eqvTimes krebulidan Cans, somex-qarTvelTa saeklesio dava am
dros isev ZalaSia~271, es sakiTxi eqvTimes krebulis kanonebSic aisaxa.
magaliTad `wesi da gangeba da rCuliskanoni mequsisa krebisa~-s 68-e muxlSi,
kerZod, naTqvamia - `queyanasa mas somxeTisasa wmidaTa da patiosanTa xatTa
gamosaxvasa ara Seiwynarebdnen, rameTu urCuloman man petros mkawvrelman
viTaca `saCecari~ aswava, egreTve eseca boroti wvalebaT sadme maT Soris
dasTesa~272. 72-e muxlis mixedviT, `gveuwya viTarmed queyanasa somxiTisasa
saklvelTa dahklven, locvarsa da xorcsa mas SeiReben eklesiad da miscemen
mRvdelTa nawilsa wesisa misebr Zuelisa rCulisa, viTarca iqmodes huriani,
xolo ese wesi gareSe ars wesTagan kaTolike eklesiisa~273. rogorc
cnobilia, msgavsi Cveva saqarTveloSi, gansakuTrebiT mTianeTSi, amJamad
arsebobs (Tumca xorci eklesiaSi ar SeaqvT), safiqrebelia, rom es Cveva
gadmonaSTia I-IV saukuneebSi arsebul pirvelqristianul, e.w. iudauri
qristianuli wesebisa. varaudia gamoTqmuli (T. mgalobliSvili), rom I-IV
saukuneebSi CvenSi, ise rogorc aRmosavleTis qveynebSi (siria, somxeTi, mcire

azia), gavrcelebuli iyo qristianobis Tavdapirveli saxe, e.w. iuridiuli

qristianoba, romelSic mravlad iyo wesebi `Zuelisa rCulisa, viTarca
iqmodes huriani~, T. mgalobliSvilisa da sxvaTa TvalsazrisiT es iudauri
qristianoba IV saukunidan Secvala `berZnulma qristianobam~, romelmac
akrZala Zveli Cvevebi, magram, Cans, aRmosavleT romis imperiaSi (bizantiaSi)
mimdinare es procesi SedarebiT ucxo iyo kavkasiis im eklesiebisaTvis,
romelnic imperiis gareT, zogjer ki arabizantiuri saxelmwifos gavlenis
sferoSi imyofebodnen. Cans, es procesi (Zveli adgilobrivi qristianuli
Cvevebis berZnuliT Secvla) CvenSi aqtualuri gaxda gansakuTrebiT X s-is
Semdeg, qarTuli eklesiis mTawmiduri saganmanaTleblo frTis warmoqmnam XI
s-dan procesi Seuqcevadi gaxada, Tumca, etyoba, mTian, e.w. `soflur~
adgilebSi aseTi (e.i. pirvel-qristianuli, IV s-mdeli) Cvevebi kidev didxans
darCenila.
amis magaliTia `mcire sjuliskanonis~ pirveli nawilis 73-e muxlSi
mocemuli VII s-is kanonis darRveva qarTuli eklesiis `sofluri xucesis~
mier XI s-Si, kerZod, am kanonSi naTqvamia - `guesma, Tu queyanasa somxeTisasa
Tvinier Sesamoslisa xucesni aRasruleben wirvasa TvisiTve SesamosliTa da
es didi wvaleba ars sxuaTave Tana cTomaTa da aw Cuen vamcnebT ukueTu vinme
ikadros marTlmadidebelman mRvdelman anu diakonman Tvinier Sesamoslisa
Jamiswirva, ganakanonos da daeyenos Jamiswirvisagan, vidremdes moigos
wesiereba da ebiskoposman pirveladve ixilos misi stiqari, uReli, da
zewari da egreT xelni dasxnes~274.
e.i. trulis saeklesio krebis mamebs amcnes, rom aRmosavleTis (somxeTis)
eklesiebSi, mRvdlebi wiravdnen eklesiebSi ara sagangebo SesamosliT, aramed
TavianTi yoveldRiuri tansacmeliT. es krebam miiCnia wvalebad da aukrZala
aseTi saxiT wirvis Catareba samRvdeloebas. maT wirvisas unda CaecvaT
stiqari (kaba), uReli (albaT olari) da zewari (omofori). es wesi albaT
dainerga kidec CvenSi, magram XI s. 40-iani wlebis bolos zogierTi qarTveli
mRvdeli antioqiaSi, kerZod ki svimon-wmidis monasterSi Zveleburi wesiT, e.i.
Tavisi yoveldRiuri SesamosliTa da ara sagangebo wirvis SesamosliT
wiravda. es SeumCneviaT berZen berebs, maSinve gangaSi autexiaT, wirvisagan
`dauyenebiaT~ qarTveli berebi, Semdeg ki antioqiis patriarqTan uCivliaT.
Tavis mxriv ki, es giorgi mTawmidelisaTvis ucnobebiaT, romelsac dasWirda
axsna-ganmartebis micema imis dasamtkiceblad, rom qarTveli berebi
marTlmadideblebi iyvnen, da ara sarwmunoebrivi Cvevebis SebRalvis, aramed
ucodinarobis mizeziT iqceodnen ase. giorgi mcire wers - `qarTveli xucesi
svimeon-wmidas Jamsa ver wirvida amis mizezisaTvis, rameTu romelsame Jamsa
sofluri vinme xucesi axlad Camosuli wmidasa svimeonis svetsa zeda gasrul
iyo Jamiswirvad qalamniTa da sabeWuriTa Tvinier samRvdeloisa Sesamoslisa,
viTarca iyo pirvelad wesi Cueni~275. e.i. giorgi mcires azriT, `pirveli wesi
Cveni~ iyo ara sagangebo wirvis SesamosliT wirva, aramed Cveulebrivi,
yoveldRiuri tansacmliT. es wesi berZnul eklesiaSi VI-VII saukuneebSive
ganidevna, magram aRmosavlur eklesiebSi, maT Soris CvenSic didxans, `mcire
rjulis kanonis~ gamocemis epoqaSic darCenila, swored am da sxva eklesiis
praqtikuli mizezebisaTvis iqna kidec eqvTime mTawmidelis mier Sedgenili es
krebuli.

5. wm. fotis nomokanonis, anu didi sjuliskanonis qarTuli Targmani

saqarTvelos eklesia nawilia msoflio eklesiisa, amitomac msoflio
saeklesio krebebis dadgenilebani saqarTveloSi warmoadgenda moqmed
samarTals. ToTxmet Tavad, anu titlebad dayofil berZnuli samarTlis
ZiriTad kanonikur krebuls CvenSi didi sjuliskanonis saxeliT icnobdnen
da mas Tavisi saboloo saxe dedanSi miuRia wm. fotis Rvawlis Sedegad. igi
bizantiaSi gamoCenila VI s-Si da sxva krebulebTan SedarebiT VII s-dan
upiratesoba moupovebia. igi, iv. javaxiSvilis TqmiT, IX-X saukuneebSi
qarTuladac unda yofiliyo naTargmni276.
k. kekeliZe `did sjuliskanons~ miiCnevda 1114 wlis Semdeg Targmnilad XII
s. I meoTxedSi277, Tumca Tavis kerZo werilSi, romelic man vl. beneSeviCs
gaugzavna, aRiarebda, rom ruis-urbnisis `Zegliswera~ gulisxmobs `didi
sjuliskanonis~ qarTulad arsebobas, e.i. Zegli Targmnilia am krebamde. e.
gabiZaSvili gamoTqvams Tavis gakvirvebas imis Sesaxeb, Tu ratom `uaryo k.
kekeliZem es azri~278.
e. gabiZaSvili ar eTanxmeba iv. javaxiSvilis azrs `didi sjuliskanonis~
ramdenime Targmanis arsebobis Sesaxeb da miiCnevs, rom `arsen iyalToelis
mier Targmnili `didi sjuliskanoni~ berZnuli 14-titlovani nomokanonis
erTaderTi Targmania qarTulad da es Zegli arc manamde da arc Semdeg ar
yofila gadmoRebuli~279.
Tumca kidev erTxel unda aRiniSnos, rom ivane javaxiSvils ar eeWveboda
didi sjuliskanonis dReisaTvis cnobili Targmanis Sesruleba arsen
iyalToelis mier, magram miiCnevda, rom igi ar iyo pirveli mTargmneli da
manamdec arsebobda Zvel TargmanTa redaqciebi. iv. javaxiSvilis es mosazreba,
vfiqrobT, dResac misaRebia, Tumca ki mis mosazrebas yvela ar iziarebs.
gasaziarebelia iv. javaxiSvilis Tvalsazrisi, rom arsen iyalToels ar
akmayofilebda didi sjuliskanonis Zveli Targmanebi da amitom man igi
xelaxla Targmna, SesaZloa daviT aRmaSeneblis davalebiT280.
amJamad miiCneva, rom 883 wels foti patriarqis mier Camoyalibebuli
dResac moqmedi ToTxmettitlovani nomokanonis redaqciis qarTuli Targmani
Seasrula arsen iyalToelma XI s-is bolosa da XII s-is dasawyisSi281.
`didi sjuliskanoni~ Seicavs:
1. mociqulTa saxeliT cnobil 85 kanons.
2. msoflio saeklesio krebaTa kanonebs.
3. im adgilobriv saeklesio krebaTa kanonebs, romlebic TavianTi
mniSvnelobiTa
da
warmomadgenelTa
didi
avtoritetiT
tradiciulad
miCneulia am krebulSi Setanis Rirsad.
4. eklesiis didi mamebis kanonebs.
5. krebulis qarTul redaqcias erTvis agreTve ruis-urbnisis saeklesio
krebis kanonebi, es kreba sruliad saqarTvelos mefis daviT aRmaSeneblis
mier iyo mowveuli 1105 wels da mas gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba hqonda
qarTuli eklesiisaTvis282.

`didi
sjuliskanonis~
Zveli
qarTuli
redaqciis
teqsti
zemoT
miTiTebuli SedgenilobiT, gadmoRebuli axal qarTulze, gamoqveynebulia
1987 wlis saeklesio kalendarSi.
melqisedek kaTalikosi Tavis `dawerilSi~ (1031/1033 ww.) Senawir wignTa
Soris asaxelebs wigns - `Sjuliskanoni axali~283. k. kekeliZe mas axlad
gadaweril sjuliskanonad miiCnevs.
iv. surgulaZe284 miiCnevs, rom `didi sjuliskanoni (XI-XII saukuneebis
mijna) naTargmnia arsen iyalToelis mier. nomokanoni berZnulad niSnavs
kanons da wess. nomokanonebi ewodeba marTlmadideblur saeklesio samarTlis
krebulebs, romlebic Seicaven eklesiis Sinaganawess, agreTve yofa-cxovrebisa
da saojaxo samarTlis normebis debulebebs... sabolood Camoyalibda IX
saukunis ukanasknel meoTxedSi 14-titlovani nomokanonis, e.w. 883 wlis
redaqciis saxiT. man konstantinopolis 920 wlis saeklesio krebaze
zogadqristianuli saxelmZRvanelos xasiaTi miiRo. kanonikuri kodeqsis
wyaroebi oTx jgufad iyofa: 1. `mociqulTa~-s saxeliT cnobili 85 saeklesio
kanoni, romelic saeklesio kanonmdeblobis pirvel werilobiT Zeglad
iTvleba; 2. msoflio saeklesio krebaTa kanonebi; 3. adgilobrivi saeklesio
kanonebi; 4. avtoritetul saeklesio moRvaweTa epistolaruli kanonmdebloba.
kanonikur kodeqsSi Sesuli wyaroebis kodifikacia TandaTan mimdinareobda III
saukunidan IX saukunemde. am drois ganmavlobaSi epoqis saWiroebis mixedviT,
icvleba kanonikuri krebulis Sinaarsobrivi Semadgenloba. nomokanons
qristianul saxelmwifoSi moqmedi samarTlis mniSvneloba hqonda. Zegli
qarTulad gadmoTargmnilia arsen iyalToelis mier XI saukunis miwurulsa
da XII saukunis pirvel wlebSi. arsen iyalToelia Zeglis qarTulad pirveli
mTargmneli285.
6. saeklesio samarTlis Zeglebis Targmanebi XVIII saukunis I naxevarSi
`mefisa da kaTalikosis saqme orisave swori aris
imitom, rom erTi xorcis xelmwifea da meore sulisa.
(vaxt. kan.25).
zogjer ismis kiTxva vaxtang VI kaTolikuri aRmsareblobisa iyo Tu
marTlmadidebeli? am kiTxvas mefe-rjulmdebelma TviTonve mravaljer
upasuxa da marTlmadideblobis daufaravi aRmsareblobis gamo iZulebuli
Seiqna qarTlis samefo taxti daetovebina osmaloTa da iranelTa nebiT,
romelTa uRelqveSac iyo moqceuli Cveni qveyana im dros. sityvieri
gancxadebis garda, vaxtang VI-m saqmiT daamtkica Tavisi marTlmadidebluri
aRmsarebloba, gansakuTrebiT, samarTlis sferoSi muSaobis dros. Tavidanve
unda vTqvaT, vaxtangma sxva did marTlmadidebel erebze ufro adre misca
qarTvel ers saeklesio sakanonmdeblo ZeglTa ganmartebani cnobili
bizantieli kanonistebisa, romelnic, cxadia, marTlmadidebeli eklesiis
udidesi maswavleblebi iyvnen. esaa maTe blastaris `sintagma~ da konstantine
armenopulos eqvsi wigni.

maTe blastari (XIVs.) marTlmadidebluri eklesiis kanonikuri samarTlis

udidesi avtoritetia. misi mTavari iuridiuli Sromaa: alfabeturi sintagma
msoflio saeklesio krebaTa dadgenilebebis da saero kanonebisa. es naSromi
man 1335 wels Seadgina286, misi sruli saTauria `alfabeturi sintagma yvela
sagnisa, romelsac Seicavs saRvTo da wminda kanonebi~. misi wyaroebia _
saeklesio krebaTa dadgenilebani da kanonebi, agreTve romis samarTali leon
brZenis basilikamde. naSromi Seicavs 24 ganyofilebas berZnuli anbanis rigis
mixedviT.
maTe blastaris `sintagma~ farTod iyo gavrcelebuli, warmoadgenda
marTlmadidebluri
eklesiis
erT-erT
ZiriTad
saxelmZRvanelos,
igi
saeklesio sjulmdeblobis mniSvnelovani wyaro iyo marTlmadideblur
qveynebSi.
konstantine armenopulo iyo nomofilaqsi (kanonTa mcveli da maTi
marTebulad gamoyenebis magistrati). cxovrobda XIVs-Si, TesalonikSi,
mravali iuridiuli Sromis avtoria, misi ZiriTadi naSromis saxeli
SemoklebiT gamoiTqmis _ `eqvsi wigni~. misi wyaroa imperatorTa basilis,
konstantines da leonis proxoroni (kanonTa saxelmZRvanelo), basilikis
(mefeTa wignis) Semokleba (sinopsisi) da sasamarTlo praqtika, imperatorebis
dadgenilebebi (leon brZenis, konstantine porfirogenetis, romanoz I-is,
romanoz III-is, nikifore fokas, basili II-is, aleqsi da manuel komnenosebis
novelebidan), leon brZenis novelebis krebuli, sxva wyaroebi, aseve,
mociqulTa da saeklesio krebaTa kanonebi, sinodisa da sapatriarqos
dadgenilebebi287.
vaxtang VI marTlmadidebluri aRmsareblobis mxurvale mosiyvarule rom
ar yofiliyo, saqarTvelos miscemda ara marTlmadideblur (bizantiur)
samarTals, aramed laTinurs.
qarTvelma mTargmnelma armenopulos `eqvsi wignidan~ da blastaris
`sintagmidan~ amoiRo samarTlebrivi debulebebi da normebi, zogjer
ucvlelad, zogjer ki gaerTianebiT Seadgina e.w. `berZnuli kanonebi~, anu
berZnuli samarTlis qarTuli varianti. kompilacia `berZnul-romauli
samarTlis~ mTavari krebulebisa, gamoyenebul iqna bizantiis gviandel
epoqaSi, rogorc sasuliero, ise saero sasamarTloebSi. gansakuTrebiT
aRsaniSnavia, rom mas Semdeg, rac bizantia YTurqebma daipyres da berZnuli
mosaxleobis saeklesio da samoqalaqo saqmeebis iurisdiqcia mTlianad
konstantinopolis sapatriarqos xelSi moeqca, blastaris `sintagma da
armenopulos `eqvsi wignis~ kompilacia berZen sasuliero xelisufalTa mier
yoveldRiuri xmarebisaTvis gaxda saWiro~288.
`samarTali berZnuli~, anu berZnul-romauli (bizantiuri) samarTlis
versia warmoadgens vaxtan VI-is `samarTlis wignTa~ krebulis meore nawils.
igi `friadi SromiT~ moipova `saberZneTSi~ vaxtang VI-m. misi mTargmneli
yofila episkoposi kvipriane samTavneli (eriskacobaSi kozma aragvis
erisTavi).
igi Semoqmedi mTargmneli iyo, eqvTime mTawmindelis msgavsi,
rameTu misi Targmani aris Tavisufali (alag-alag ganvrcobili, zogan
Semoklebuli). mTargmnels maTe blastaris `alfabeturi sintagmisa~ da
armenopulos `eqvswigneulis~ garda, sxva berZnuli wyaroebiTac usargeblia.
berZnuli kanonebi mas da `brZen kacebs~ gadmouqarTulebiaT TviT vaxtang VIis aqtiuri monawileobiT. igi Seicavs 418 muxls.

Tvalis erTi gadavlebiTac ki aSkaraa, rom vaxtangis `berZnuli

samarTali~, ZiriTadad, saeklesio samarTlis Zeglia, cxadia, es asec unda
iyos, radganac igi zemoT aRniSnul saeklesio samarTlis ganmmarteblebis
Targmans warmoadgens, magram radganac saeklesio iurisdiqcia saero
saqmeebzec vrceldeboda ara mxolod saqarTveloSi, aramed qristianul
aRmosavleTSi, amitomac `berZnuli samarTali~, cxadia, saero samarTlis
Zegladac SeiZleba CaiTvalos. am ZeglSi mravali muxlis wyarod
dasaxelebulia saeklesio krebebis kanonebi, gansakuTrebiT ki VI msoflio
krebisa,
mociqulTa
kanonebi
`damtkicebulni
krebaTagan~,
msoflio
avtoritetis mqone adgilobriv krebaTa kanonebi, magaliTad, laodikiisa,
gangrisa, patriarqTa da mamaTa mier gamocemuli kanonebi (timoTe patriarqis)
da sxv.
magaliTisaTvis moviyvanT zogierT Tavs, romelic awesrigebs mefis
urTierTobas eklesiasTan. magaliTad, 57-e muxlis Tanaxmad, meeqvse krebis
kanonis Sesabamisad, eriskacTagan mxolod mefes aqvs sakurTxevelSi wminda
trapezTan ziarebis neba, `rameTu RvTisagan dadginebul ars da umetesad
maRlad mjdomare aris patriarqTagan~289.
`berZnuli samarTlis~ 128-e muxlis Tanaxmad, xelmwifes (mefes) neba aqvs,
daasaqmos da brZaneba misces sasuliero pirs, ufro metic, mas SeuZlia
episkoposi aiyvanos mitropolitis xarisxSi, SeuZlia didi eparqia gayos da
ramdenime episkoposs gaunawilos, SeuZlia episkoposebis anda mitropolitebis
erTi kaTedridan meoreze gadayvana, maTi gamocvla, aZlevs maT wirva-locvis
uflebas da aqvs sxva uflebebic sasuliero pirTa mimarT. wyarod berZnuli
samarTlis 128-e muxli asaxelebs qalkedonis krebis meoTxe kanons.
`xelmwife sjulisa da kanonis umdablesi ara aris, rameTu masca aqvs
xelmwifeba RvTisa mier-visic enebos episkopozisa aRamaRlebs, mitropolitad
daayenebs da ukeTu episkopozTa bevri samwyso aqvs, gauyofs da sxvas
episkopozs Seiqms, visic enebos, episkopozisa anu mitropolitisa, gamoscvlis
aqvs sxvaca xelmwifeba simarTliTa mRvdelmTavarTa. saqme es ipoebis meoTxe
kanonsa xalkidonisa krebisa, rameTu xelmwifeba micemul ars mefeTaTvis,
rameTu ubrZanos visme samRvdeloTa kacTa, saero samsaxuri aqnevinos,
romelic man ubrZanos sjulis kanoni ar dauSlis samsaxursa, amisTvisca
kanoni brZanebs~290.
sainteresoa
muxli
330-e,
romlis
mixedviTac
laSqrobis
dros,
mahmadianebis da urjuloebis winaaRmdeg omisas (aseve, Tuki vinme amoRebuli
xmliT miuxdeba), mRvdels SeuZlia, daaswros da moklas mteri, igi ar
daisjeba, magram wirvis neba CamoerTmeva _- `aramed Rirseba da wesi ar
gamoerTmeva~ (iqve, gv. 204).
347-e muxliT ikrZaleba astrologia, magram sasurveladaa miCneuli
astronomiis, ariTmetikis, musikisa da geometriis swavleba291.
vaxtang meeqvsem, agreTve, aTargmnina da Tavisi samarTlis wignTa
krebulSi Seitana `somexT mefeTa wigni samarTlisani~. mas TiTqmis ori wlis
manZilze Targmnidnen. somxuri samarTlis qarTuli versia Sedgeba ori
nawilisagan: siriul-romauli samarTlis qarTuli versiisagan (muxli 1-150)
da mxiTar goSis samarTlis wignis qarTuli versiisagan
(muxli 151-431).
`samarTali somxuris~ wyaroebic miuTiTebs, rom igi faqtobrivad warmoadgens
saeklesio samarTals, magram misi iurisdiqcia saero saqmeebzec vrceldeba

saxelmwifos qristianuli xasiaTis gamo. `samarTali somxuris~ Semdgenlebis

TqmiT, es Zegli aris krebuli, romelSic Rirseuli adgili uWiravs wminda
werilsa (Zvelisa da axlis) da moses rjuls, mociqulTa kanonebs, `eklesiis
mosamarTle mamaTa~, basili didis, `wminda grigol parTelis SviliSvilis
isakis dadebul wess~. nikeis msoflio krebis, anu `didi krebis~ kanonebs.
krebuli aSkarad saeklesio samarTlis Zeglia _ muxlebis umetesi nawili
sasuliero pirebis qcevas aregulirebs.
qarTul wyaroebSi iSviaTia is terminebi, romlebic `somxuri samarTlis~
wignSi xSirad gvxvdeba. erTi aseTia `qadagi~ _ es sityva Cven gvxvdeba
`mironis kurTxevis~ wesSi da sxvaganac. somxuri wignidan Cans, rom `qadagi~
aris TiTqmis episkoposis Rirsebis mqone (magram episkoposze dabali)
sasuliero piri, romelic wminda werilisa da kanonebis unaklo mcodnea,
amave dros evaleba `moqmedeba uSiSari~. am kanonebis qadageba da maTi
aRsrulebis meTvalyureoba: `moqadageni unda iyvnen rigiTa uwinve mcodneli
ZvelTa da axalTa uklebriv, wamkiTxavi kanonis brZanebisa, uSiSrad moqmedi
da kaci Rirsi, filosofosi
da TeTris umoyvare~292.
magaliTad, 266-e
muxlSi ganmartebulia, Tu ratom ar unda Caicvas kacma qalis, xolo qalma
kacis tanisamosi, rom ar SeiZleba maTi aRreva: `bevri avi boriti iqmnebis am
rigis saqmiT. es saqadagebelia moqadageTagan da mosamarTleTagan~293, e. i.
tansacmlis sworad Cacmis Sesaxebac ki moqadagem unda iqadagos. aq agreTve
xSirad gvxvdeba sityva `qorepiskopozi~ _ ganmartebulia maTi uflebani. es
faqti imiTaa saintereso, rom IV saukunis Semdeg, msoflio eklesiaSi
instituti `qorepiskoposobisa~ aikrZala, magram e.w. `qalkedonamdelma~
eklesiebma igi SeinarCunes. am Zeglidan Cans, rom `kaTalikosi~ eTanadeba
nikeas I krebis me-4 kanonSi moxmobil `episkoposTa Tavs~. 287-e Tavidan Cans,
rom oTxi maxareblis `mociqulTa taxtze~
isxdnen kaTalikosebi
(episkoposebi) aleqsandriisa, romisa, antioqiisa, magram konstantinopols
(`bizantias~) samociqulo taxtis Rirseba ar hqonda da igi efesodan `gaapares
bizantias~294.
qarTuli samarTlis wignSi Setanili `moses samarTalic~, cxadia,
saeklesio samarTlis Zeglia.
samarTlis wignTa krebulis SesavalSi vaxtang VI-s samarTlianad ewodeba:
`marTlmadideblobis mxne da mxedari, uflisa Zlieri moRvawe, qristes
warCinebuli
stratilati,
ebguri,
samaradiso
mRviZare,
sionisa
rjulmtkicebiTa
Seuryeveli
sveti
da
godoli,
gautexeli
zRude
marTlmadideblobiT da RvTis siyvaruliT Seuorgulebeli batoniSvili
vaxtang~.
vaxtang VI marTlac marTlmadideblobis WeSmariti burji iyo, amitomac,
rogorc iTqva, aTargmnina bizantiur-marTlmadidebluri samarTlis wigni.
jer kidev evropaSi elCobis gagzavnamde, rogorc `berZnuli samarTlis
wignis~ Targmani cxadyofs, vaxtang VI marTl-madidebluri orientaciisa iyo,
xolo evropidan xelmocaruli elCebis dabrunebis Semdeg, vaxtangma 1722
wels sajarod aRiara Tavisi marTlmadidebloba.
7. saeklesio samarTlis Zeglebis Targmanebi XX s. II naxevarSi
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebam, xolo Semdgom aTeistebis
saxelmwifoebrivma gabatonebam XIX da XX saukuneebSi, cxadia, didad

Seaferxa saeklesio samarTlis Zeglebis qarTul enaze gadmoReba. qarTveli

sasuliero pirebi am epoqaSi ZiriTadad rusul sasuliero saswavleblebSi
iRebdnen
ganaTlebas
da
sargeblobdnen
kidec
rusuli
Sesabamisi
literaturiT. mxolod XX s. 80-iani wlebis Semdeg, saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarq ilia II-is dros mieca SesaZlebloba wmida eklesias odnav mainc
gamoecocxlebina saqarTveloSi uZvelesi xanidan arsebuli samarTlis
Zeglebis
Targmanis
saqme.
amas
xeli
Seuwyo
`mcire~
da
`didi~
sjuliskanonebis Zveli Targmanebis gamocemebma.
aRniSnul wignebs eklesiaSi praqtikuli daniSnuleba aqvT, amitomac Cans,
saWirod iqna miCneuli mcire sjuliskanonis erTi nawilis gadmoReba Zveli
qarTuli enidan axalze mis winasityvaobaSi aRniSnulia - `Targmanis
redaqtirebas
xelmZRvanelobda
mTavarepiskoposi
konstantine
meliqiZe,
redaqtirebaSi aseve monawilobdnen meufe vaxtangi axvlediani da giorgi
cincaZe, saboloo redaqcia ekuTvnis uwmidessa da unetaress, sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarq ilia II-s~. samwuxarod, mTargmnelis vinaoba
gamocemaSi ar aris aRniSnuli. rogorc aRiniSna, qarTul enaze iqna
gadmocemuli aseve `didi sjuliskanoni~ da gamoqveynda 1987 wlis saeklesio
kalendarSi.
eklesiisaTvis mniSvnelovani SenaZenia saeklesio kanonTa yvelaze
avtoritetuli
komentatorebis
aristines,
zonarasa
da
balzamonis
komentarebis axali qarTuli Targmanebi. 1987 wels TbilisSi daistamba es
Sroma saxelwodebiT - `mociqulTa, msoflio da adgilobrivi saeklesio
krebebisa da wmida mamebis kanonTa komentarebi~295, aRniSnuli komentarebis
mTargmnels, romlis vinaobac samwuxarod ar aris aRniSnuli, uTargmnia
`sazRvargareTis rusuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiis warmomadgenelTa
gamocemidan: 30- , .
, , 1971.
saeklesio samarTlis cnobil mcodnis dekanoz vladislav cipinis Sromis
`saeklesio samarTlis~ erTi nawili `eklesia da saxelmwifo~ Targmna
grigol ruxaZem296.
aTeisturi imperiis, sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg rusuli saeklesio
samarTalmcodneTa erT nawilSi kvlav aRorZinda monarqiuli saxelmwifo
sistemisaTvis mxardaWeris miswrafeba. am ukanasknelTa mier gamocemuli
naSromis
Targmania
`saxelwmifoebrivi
katexizmo,
marTlmadidebluri
swavleba saRvTo xelisuflebaze~, Tb. 1999 (mTargmnel-gamomcemeli dekanozi
arCil mindiaSvili). am Targmanidanac naTlad Cans is winaaRmdegoba, romelic
arsebobs rus samarTalmcodneTa Soris, magaliTad, ukanaskneli Targmanis
mixedviT, `mefis mier miwieri eklesiis meTauroba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom igi
ara marto simfoniuri saero arqiepiskoposia, aramed eklesiis sagareo
saqmeTa erTaderTi episkoposi~297, es Tvalsazrisi mTlianad sawinaaRmdegoa
v.cipinis mosazrebisa, rom mefis (imperatoris) es mdgomareoba `uSno
tradiciaa~
`bizantiis
qristiani
imperatorebi
warmarTi
romaeli
princepsebis pirdapiri memkvidrebi iyvnen, romelTac sxva mraval titulTan
erTad, aseTic hqondaT pontifex maximus - umaRlesi mRvdelmTavari. es uSno
tradicia, zogierTi qristiani imperatoris moqmedebaSi, Sesustebuli saxiT
drodadro mainc vlindeboda. eklesiisaTvis yvelaze aSkara da saSiSi

cezarul-papisturi
tendencia
eretikos
imperatorTa
gansakuTrebiT xatmebrZoleobis epoqaSi gamomJRavnda~298.

politikaSi,

Tavi III.
saqarTvelos saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi
saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebs, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, yofen or mTavar
jgufad, pirvelSi igulisxmeba pirebi da institutebi, romelTac Seqmnes
samarTlis normebi, meore ki warmoadgens dokumentebsa da Zeglebs,
romlebSic gadmocemulia aRniSnuli normebi.
Zvel saqarTveloSi, iseve, rogorc msoflios sxva qristianul qveynebSi,
eklesia ar iyo gamoyofili saxelmwifoebrivi cxovrebidan, ufro metic,
saqarTveloSi, rogorc garkveulia niko maris mier, saero da sasuliero
Zalauflebis erToba udavo faqts warmoadgenda. amis gamo, saqarTvelos
saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebis rkvevisas unda gamovlindes saqarTveloSi
arsebuli saeklesio-saxelmwifoebrivi warmoSobis institutebi. Cven mier
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva amgvar erovnul saxelmwifo-saeklesio
institutebisa
da
saeklesio
samarTlis
normebis
Semqmneli
pirebis
gamovlenasa da Seswavlas. aRsaniSnavia, rom erovnuli saxelmwifoebriobis
ryevis dros aRniSnul uflebebs iTvisebdnen dampyrobeli saxelmwifos
mesveurebic.
samarTlis wyaroebis meore jgufs miekuTvneba dokumentebi da Zeglebi,
romelnic gamoica zemoT aRniSnulTa mier. mravali aseTi dokumenti Tan
erTvis Cven mier ganxilul yvela saeklesio sakanonmdeblo krebas, agreTve
zogierT mimdinare krebas.
1. saqarTvelos saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi I-V ss-Si
adgilobrivi eklesiis samarTlis erT-erT umTavres wyaros warmoadgens
sakuTari krebebis mier miRebuli dadgenilebani, im
SemTxvevaSi Tu igi
avtokefaluria, magram Tu mas ar aqvs avtokefalia, maSin misi samarTlis
wyaroa zemdgomi, anu kiriarqaluri eklesiis dadgenilebani da miTiTebani.
magaliTad, rusuli eklesia XV saukunemde valdebuli iyo, aResrulebina
konstantinopolis sapatriarqos krebaTa, patriarqTa da sinodis yvela
dadgenileba,
radganac
igi
iqamde
warmoadgenda
konstantinopolis
sapatriarqos erT-erT mitropolias. misTvis saeklesio samarTlis umTavres
wyaros warmoadgenda msoflio patriarqTa is sigelebi, romlebic Seexeboda
rusul eklesias da konstantinopolidan ugzavnidnen rus mitropolitebs,
episkoposebsa da mTavrebs299.
msgavsadve,
qarTuli
eklesiisaTvis
samarTlis
mTavari
wyaro
avtokefaliis miRebamde iyo kiriarqaluri eklesia, xolo avtokefaliis
miRebis Semdeg sakuTar krebaTa dadgenilebani. maSasadame, imisaTvis, raTa
gavarkvioT qarTuli eklesiis samarTlis mTavari wyaro, saWiroa misi
avtokefaliis sakiTxis garkveva, rodis an visgan miiRo avtokefalia.
amJamindeli TvalsazrisiT, romelmac asaxva qarTul enciklopediaSic pova,
Camoyalibebis
dros,
IV
s-is
dasawyisidan,
qarTuli
eklesia
konstantinopolis iurisdiqciis qveS iyo, Semdeg antioqiis iurisdiqciaSi

moeqca, romlisganac V s-Si, petre fulonis dros, miiRo avtokefalia.

maSasadame, mas IV-V saukuneebSi e.w. ori `dedaeklesia~ hyavda, jer
konstantinopolisa, Semdeg ki antioqiisa. istorikosebis aseTi daskvnebi
saeklesio samarTlis monacemebs ar Seesabameba.
rogorc cnobilia, konstantinopoli Sendeboda 325-330 wlebSi da igi 330
wels akurTxes rogorc qalaqi da dedaqalaqi imperiisa. am dros misi
episkoposi, viTarca erT-erTi qalaqis mRvdelmTavari, emorCileboda Tavis
mitropolits, romelic qalaq irakliaSi ijda. rusi kanonistebis mixedviT, am
droisaTvis, e.i. IV s-is 30-ian wlebSi, konstantinopolis episkoposs Tavisi
normaluri sididis eparqiac ki ar hqonda. mxolod Semdeg gaafarTova man
gavlena jer mxolod Tavis garSemo myof olqze da TiTqmis saukune
dasWirda, raTa Tavis iurisdiqciaSi moeqcia 451 wlis qalkedonis msoflio
krebis dasturiT iqamde avtokefaluri diocezebi Trakiisa, asiisa da
pontosi.
rodis daarsda oficialuri qarTuli eklesia? Tu sxvadasxva istorikosis
monacemebs SevajerebT, es moxda 317-326 wlebSi. 337 welic rom iyos es TariRi,
mainc mivalT, samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT, dilemamde, e.i. Tu qarTuli
eklesia daarsda 326 wels igi araviTar SemTxvevaSi konstantinopolis
iurisdiqciaSi ar imyofeboda. Tu igi daarsda 337 wels, 330 wels daarsebuli
qalaqis episkoposs mainc ar SeeZlo igi Tavis iurisdiqciaSi moeqcia,
radganac rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, konstantinopolis episkoposs Tavisi
normaluri sididis eparqiac ki ar hqonda im droisaTvis da kidevac rom
moendomebina imperiis farglebs gareT kavkasiis mTebTan mdebare eklesiis
daqvemdebareba, amas mainc ver SeZlebda, radganac maSin konstantinopolsa da
saqarTvelos DSoris pontos diocezis avtokefaluri eklesia imyofeboda.
saeklesio samarTlis mixedviT, IVs-is 30-ian wlebSi aseTi daqvemdebareba
SeuZlebeli iyo. msgavsadve saeWvoa, antioqiis iurisdiqciac Cveni eklesiis
mimarT.
saeklesio
samarTlis
wyaroebis
Ziebisas
aucileblad
unda
gaviTvaliswinoT TviT qarTuli eklesiis Zveli moRvaweebis mosazrebani
avtokefaliis Sesaxeb. erTi aseTi, yvelaze ufro avtoritetuli iyo wmida
giorgi
mTawmideli,
romlis
avtoritetuloba
sakanonmdeblo
saqmeSi
sagangebo muxliT daadastura ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebamac. giorgi
mTawmindelis azriT, qarTuli eklesia daarsebul iqna ara IV saukuneSi,
aramed I-II saukuneebSi TviT mociqulTa mier, aqedan gamomdinare, igi msgavsad
sxva
mociqulTa
mier
daarsebuli
yvela
eklesiisa,
daarsebisTanave
avtokefaluri iyo Tanaxmad imJamindeli saeklesio samarTlisa. amis gamo,
giorgi mTawmidelis azriT, antioqiis sapatriarqos pretenziebi qarTuli
eklesiis mimarT ukanono iyo, antioqiis eklesia arasdros yofila qarTuli
eklesiis, e.w. `dedaeklesia~. Cven giorgi mTawmidelis es Tvalsazrisi
mravalgzis gvaqvs qvemoT ganxiluli, amitomac aq aRar SevexebiT, magram
Zvel
qarTvel
mecnier-moRvaweTa
mosazrebebs
adasturebs
axali
arqeologiuri monacemebic. marTlac, rogorc arqeologiuri masalebi
adasturebs, saqarTveloSi IV saukunemdec cxovrobdnen qristianebi, TavianTi
salocavebiT (IV saukunemdeli eklesiac ki aRmoCnda nastakisSi) sainteresoa
isic, rom II-III saukuneebSi CvenSi qristianul aRmsareblobas maRal, mdidar
fenebSic ki SeuRwevia, miT umetes, mravlad iqneboda qristianTa ricxvi

dabal fenaSi, romelSic saerTod gavrcelda Tavdapirvelad qristianoba300.

IVs-mde `qristianuli ideologiis gavlenis zrda qarTlis Zveli dedaqalaqis
mosaxleobaSi SesamCnevi aris. rogorc Cans, igi mosaxleobis sxvadasxva
fenaSi gavrcelda. amis sailustraciod gamodgeba gvianantikuri xanis
samareebSi aRmoCenili qristianuli simboloebi mcxeTa-samTavroSi, agreTve,
erwos velze
`quSaanT goris samarovanze~. amaze metyvelebs dakrZalvis
qristianuli wesi, romelic dadasturda301. iq dakrZalvis socialuri
kuTvnileba eWvs ar iwvevs, rogorc irkveva, qristianul ideologias qarTlis
samefos maRal fenebSic gasCenia dasayrdeni oficialur saxelmwifo
religiad gamocxadebamde302.~
III saukuneSi, Tuki qarTlis maRal fenebSic ki imdenad iyo fexmokidebuli
qristianuli sarwmunoeba, rom maRali wris axalgazrda
(20-22 wlis)
qristian qalbatons didebiT krZalavdnen sagangebo umdidres akldamaSi,
qristianuli yovelgvari wesebis dacviT, maSin roca romis imperiaSi
qristianebi katakombebSi imalebodnen, Cans, qarTlSi qristianTa ricxvi ara
marto didia, aramed maRali fenac maincdamainc ar krZalavs qristianobas.
mematiane aRniSnavs kidec, rom III s-Si qarTlis mefe rev marTals saxelmwifo
kultis reformac ki Cautarebia qristianuli moralis Sesabamisad. ufro
metic, arsebobs II-III saukuneTa qristianTa saflavebis arqeologiuri
monapovrebi TiTqmis mTel saqarTveloSi, maT Soris _ bavSvebisa. saeklesio
samarTlis
mxriv
am
pirvel
qristianebs,
cxadia,
unda
hyolodaT
samRvdeloeba, mRvdlis gareSe ar moxdeboda naTloba, qristiani ki mxolod
monaTluli adamiani iyo. maSasadame, qristianTa arseboba TavisTavad
gulisxmobs qarTlSi samRvdeloebis arsebobas. magram iyvnen Tu ara
episkoposebi?
nikeamdeli epoqis saeklesio samarTlis uZveles Zegls warmoadgens
`didaqe~ `Tormeti mociqulis moZRvreba~, ganekuTvneba I-II saukuneTa mijnas.
masSi aris ramdenime kanoni saeklesio-iuridiuli xasiaTisa (XI-XVI TavebSi).
`didaqeSi~ ar moixsenebian presviterebi (mRvdlebi), aramed mxolod
episkoposebi
da
diakvnebi
(maT
garda
mosiarule
mociqulebi,
303
winaswarmetyvelebi da moZRvrebi) . saqme isaa, rom, rogorc aRiniSna,
uZveles periodSi, swored episkoposebi iyvnen momaqcevelebi xalxisa, anu
dRevandeli
mniSvnelobiT
mRvdlebi.
magram
am
episkoposebs
sruli
iurisdiqciuli damoukidebloba hqondaT. amis Sesaxeb TviT `didaqeSia~
miTiTeba mexuTmete Tavis pirvel muxlSi. Cven imis Tqma gvsurs, rom
samarTlebrivi
damokidebulebis
mxriv,
qarTlSi
myofi
qristianuli
TemisaTvis, anu pirvelsaukuneTa eklesiisaTvis saeklesio samarTlis wyaros
warmoadgenda sakuTari episkoposi, im droisaTvis igive mRvdeli.
vin adgenda pirvel qristianTa episkoposs? rogorc aRvniSneT, episkoposi
avtokefaluri samarTlebrivi subieqti iyo da mas adgenda TviT konkretuli
qristianuli Temis xalxi, ubralo morwmuneebi. `didaqes~ aRniSnuli muxli
avaldebulebs qristianebs: `XV, 1. daadgineT TqvenTvis episkoposebi da
diakvnebi, Rirsni uflisa, kacni mSvidni da uvercxloni, WeSmaritni
da
gamocdilni, rom winaswarmetyvelTa da moZRvarTa liturgia amsaxuron maTac
Tqven Soris. 2. ar moiZagoT isini, radganac Tqven mier winaswarmetyvelTa da
moZRvarTa darad arian pativdebulni~304.

aqedan gamomdinare, I-II saukuneTa da amave epoqis mcxeTel qristianebs

uTuod unda hyolodaT maT mierve gamorCeuli episkoposi, mociqulTa
swavlis `didaqes~ Sesabamisad. es episkoposi iyo TavisTavadi, ara sxva
qalaqis an ucxo qveynis episkoposis mier gamogzavnili, aramed TviT
morwmuneTa mier gamorCeuli Rirsebebis gamo (kacni mSvidni, uvercxloni da
a.S.).
unda davaskvnaT, rom Tu CvenSi namdvilad iqadages mociqulebma da
gaavrceles qristianoba, Cvens pirvel qristianebs `didaqes~ mixedviT
episkoposebi Tavdapirveladve hyavdaT, es episkoposebi ki iyvnen samarTlis
wyaro pirveli qristianuli eklesiebisaTvis.
`mociqulTa epoqaSi presviteri xSirad ewodeboda episkoposs da piriqiT,
episkoposi presviters~305.
presviters uwodebdnen TavianT Tavs petre (I petre, 5,1), ioane da sxva
mociqulebi, saeklesio sazogadoebis saTaveSi mdgomT miemarTebodaT agreTve
sxva
saxelwodebebic,
magaliTad:
`mwyemsebi~,
`winamZRolni~;
`winamZRvarni~305.
xucesisa da episkoposis urTierTmimarTebis Sesaxeb werda aseve efrem
mcire, Tavis komentarebSi, romelic daurTo dionise areopagelis wignebs: `Seiswave, viTarmed maSin jereT episkoposTa mRdel uwodian da mRdelTa
episkopos, rameTu arRa gankuTvnil iyvnes saxelni ese~307.
maSasadame, aseTi mRvdeli episkoposebi (am sityvis Tavdapirveli
mniSvnelobiT) unda hyolodaT Tavdapirvel mcxeTel qristianebs (II-III ss),
erwoelebs (erwoSic arqeologiuri masalis mixedviT, arsebobda qristianTa
Temi), wilknelebs da sxva mraval daba-sofels, vidre WiaTuris raionis
sofel rgnamde (arqeologiuri masalis mixedviT aqac aris aRmoCenili II-III
ss-is qristianuli samarxebi da naSTebi) da sxvagan.
mociqulTTa
mier
am
pirveli
episkoposebisaTvis
mocemuli
iyo
`mociqulTa kanonebis~ 34-e muxli `yvela eris episkoposebma unda icodnen
maT Soris pirveli da Tavi episkoposi da araferi zedmeti ar unda gaakeTon
mis gareSe, aramed yoveli maTgani mxolod imas unda akeTebdes, rac
sasargebloa misi eklesiisaTvis da misTvis daqvemdebarebuli soflebisaTvis,
magram nurc (pirveli) episkoposi gaakeTebs nurafers sxvebTan SeTanxmebis
gareSe, vinaidan mxolod ase aResruleba erTneboba d idideba RmerTi uflis
mier suli wmindiT~308.
rogorc cnobilia, es `mociqulTa kanonebi~ wmida eklesiaSi gamoCnda IV
saukuneSi (anda III s-is bolos), anu daaxloebiT im dros, roca qarTlis
samefo ojaxma oficialurad miiRo qristianuli sarwmunoeba da moiqca
mTeli qarTveli eri, es kanonebi avaldebulebda iqamde qveyanSi arsebul
patar-patara
qristianul
TemTa
mraval
episkoposs,
imave
mRvdlebs
CamoeyalibebinaT saeklesio centralizebuli eklesia, mtkiced SeekraT igi
TavianT Soris `pirveli~, anu Tavi episkoposis gamorCeviT. unda vifiqroT,
rom wmida ninos dros antioqiidan Camosuli berZeni episkopati albaT am
sakiTxSi, anu centralizebuli saeklesio organizaciis SeqmnaSi Tu daexmara
adgilobriv axalmoqceul xalxsa da saxelmwifos. yovel SemTxvevaSi,
msoflio saeklesio kanonebis mcodneTa Tanaxmad, im droisaTvis, yvela eris
eklesia (IV s-is dasawyisSi) avtokefaluri iyo309, rogorc 34-e kanonic
moiTxovs. anu gaqristianebuli xalxis SigniT myofma episkoposebma erTmaneTs

Soris unda gamoirCion pirveli episkoposi da daemorCilon mas. pirveli

episkoposi
anu
mTavarepiskoposi
(imJamindeli
gagebiT)
ar
iniSneba
ucxoeTidan, mas adgilze irCeven da, Sesabamisad, adgilobrivi eklesiis
samarTlis
wyaroa
sakuTari
eklesiis
episkopatisa
da
`pirvelis~
dadgenilebani. aseve unda yofiliyo qarTlis eklesiaSic IV s-is dasawyisSi.
TiTqosda aseve unda esmodes es sakiTxi ruis-urbnisis krebis Zegliswerasac,
romelic IV s-Si
am axal organizebul Tu centralizebul qarTuli
eklesiis pirvel meTaurs ukve kaTalikoss anu `sayovelTao episkoposs~
uwodebs.
ara marto ruis-urbnisis sakanonmdeblo kreba, aramed sxva mkvlevarebic
(efrem mcire) IV s-is qarTuli eklesiis pirvel meTaurs kaTalikoss
uwodeben. ruis-urbnisis wmida kreba brZanebs: wmida ninom `miizida yoveli
savseba yovelTa qarTvelTa naTesavisa sakvirvelT moqmedebiTa niSeb
SemosilTa saswaulTaiTa, raJams igi qarTvelTa mefeman mirian mefeTa Soris
didisa konstantinessa mivlinebiTa da misgan gamoTxoiTa mefobisa Tvisisa
qalaqad mcxeTad STamoiyvana evstaTi didi saydris mpyrobeli antioqielTa
eklesiisa da wmidaTa mier xelTa misTa naTel iRo man da yovelman erman
qarTlisaman, da TviT patriaqTa Soris saxelganTqmulman evstaTi xeliTa
TvisiTa STadva safuZveli maSin sadme mcxeTas aRSenebulisa eklesiisai,
romelica friadisa Tana gulmodginebisa ganasrules ra maT, ganwmida igi da
xeldasmulyo mas Sina episkoposi-kaTolikosi~310.
saerTod, `kaTalikosi~ mravali an ramdenime episkoposis sayovelTao,
pirvel aRmatebul an gamorCeul episkoposs erqva, sityva `kaTalikosi~
TavisTavad gulismobs ramdenime episkoposis arsebobas am kaTalikosis, anu
`sayovelTaos~ xelqveviT.
ruis-urbnisis kreba axsenebs kidec sityvas `yovlisa~. wmida ninom, misi
ganmartebiT, moaqcia ara mxolod aRmosavleT saqarTvelos qarTveloba,
aramed srulad saqarTvelos, maT Soris dasavleT saqarTvelos qarTvelobac
`miizida yoveli savseba yovlisa qarTvelTa naTesavisa~, iseve, rogorc ufro
adre, amave krebis gansazRvrebaT, andria pirvelwodebulma gaanaTla ara
mxolod dasavleT saqarTvelo aramed
`yoveli saqarTvelo~, maT Soris
aRmosavleTic andria `Cvenamdec moiwia da qadaga sacxovrebeli qadageba
saxarebisa yovelsa qveyana saqarTvelosa~311.
amitom, rodesac `Zegliswera~ ambobs, rom evstaTi antioqielma patriarqma
mefe mirianis dros `xeldasxmulyo episkoposi-kaTalikosi~, ruis-urbnisis
kreba am kaTalikosis xelqveiT gulisxmobs sxva episkoposebis arsebobas,
romelTa Sorisac mociqulTa 34-e kanonis Tanaxmad, erTi `pirveli~, anu
sayovelTao unda iyos, romlis kanonizeba anu kurTxeva unebebia antioqiel
patriarqs, mniSvneloba ara aqvs imas, igi Camoyvanili iyo Tu mkvidri,
eTnikuri qarTveli Tu ucxoeli. am `kaTalikosis~ xeldasxmuloba, ukve
TavisTavad gulisxmobda sxva episkoposebis mier mis aRiarebas, viTarca maT
Soris pirvelisa, da sayovelTaobas. sxva sakiTxia is, namdvilad SeiZleboda
Tu ara, rom rqmeoda termini `kaTalikosi~ eklesiis meTaurs IVs-Si.
yovel SemTxvevaSi, imJamindeli msoflio saeklesio samarTali moiTxovda
erTi qveynis SigniT myof episkoposebs gamoerCiaT maT Soris `pirveli~.
albaT am `pirvels~ gulisxmobda ruis-urbnisis kreba IVs-Si xeldasxmuli
`kaTalikosis~ qveS.

karTagenis (419) krebis me-17 muxlis Tanaxmad, `TiToeul samTavros, Tu is

Sorsaa, unda hyavdes Tavisi mTavarepiskoposi~ - e.i. avtokefaluri ierarqi.
saeklesio samarTlis wyaro IV-V saukuneebSi, mas Semdeg, rac ukve
namdvilad iqna organizebuli erTiani qarTuli eklesia samefo saxlisa da
saxelmwifos mzrunvelobiT, ganxiluli gvaqvs, agreTve, aqve paragrafebSi
`kaTalikosi~ da `patriarqi~.
Cveni naSromis arsidan gamomdinare, gansakuTrebul yuradRebas mivapyrobT
pirvel saukuneebSi qristianTa mier krebaTa mowvevis wesebs, `didaqe~ anu
`Tormeti mociqulis moZRvreba~ avaldebulebda II-III saukuneTa qristianebs
`xSirad erTad Sekrebas~ (`didaqe~, XVI, 2). gansakuTrebiT ki kvira dRes
`...uflis kviradRes SeikribeT, gantexeT puri da aRavlineT samadlobeli,
aRiareT Secodebani, rom wmida iyos msxverpli Tqveni~ (`didaqe~, XVI, 1).
swored am Sekrebebis dros unda `daedgina TavisTvis~ qristianul Tems
Tavisi axali episkoposi: `daadgineT TqvenTvis episkoposebi da diakvnebi,
Rirsni uflisa, kacni mSvidni da uvercxloni, WeSmaritni da gamocdilni, rom
winaswarmetyvelTa da moZRvarTa liturgia amsaxuron maTac Tqvens Soris~
(`didaqe~, XV, 1).
sxva saeklesio-sakanonmdeblo Zegli, `wmida mociqulTa kanonebi~ (amJamad
moqmedi saeklesio samarTalia) Tavis 37-e kanonSi acxadebs: `episkoposTa
kreba unda Sedges weliwadSi orjer~, pirvelad suliwmidis dResaswaulis
dReebSi (meoTxe kviras), meored ki 12 seqtembers312. Cans, es kanoni moqmedebda
III saukunesa da IV saukunis dasawyisSi, radganac 325 wels Semdgari pirveli
msoflio nikeis krebis kanonebis mixedviTac aseTive wesia dadgenili
weliwadSi orjer krebis mowvevisa, kerZod, me-5 kanonis Tanaxmad, `TiToeul
samTavroSi weliwadSi orjer Catardes episkoposTa kreba~313.
es kanonebi, cxadia, Seexeboda saqarTveloSi arsebul qristianul
Temebsac, rogorc aRiniSna, saqarTveloSi mociqulTa droidan qristianuli
Temebis arsebobis Sesaxeb migviTiTebs, rogorc werilobiTi wyaroebi, ise
arqeologiuri aRmoCenebi314.
nikeis zemoT aRniSnuli I msoflio krebis me-4 kanoni romis imperiis
SigniT
arsebuli
provinciis
(anu
ZvelqarTulad
`samTavros~)
avtokefaluroba - TavisTavadobas warmoaCens. am kanonis ZaliT `episkoposi
unda daadginos samTavros yvela episkoposma... am qmedebas sabolood
amtkicebs samTavros mitropoliti~315.
samTavroSi, anu provinciaSi (saxelmwifo administraciul erTeulSi) Tu
arsebobda ori an meti episkoposi, maT Soris upiratesoba unda miniWeboda
samTavros dedaqalaqSi mjdoms (aqedanaa `mitropolitis~ wodeba), romelic
damoukidebeli, avtokefaluri mmarTvelia. karTagenis saeklesio krebis
kanonebis IV, 12 muxlis Tanaxmad samTavros episkoposs gangeb ar unda gaeyo
Tavisi samTavro or saepiskoposo nawilad (saero xelisufalTa daxmarebiT),
raTa TviTon mieRo mitropolitis pativi, e.i. mis xelqveiT xelovnurad ar
unda aRmoCeniliyo ramdenime episkoposi316, e.i. samitropolito erTeulebis
gazrda SeizRuda. romis imperiis provinciaTa eklesiebi erTmaneTis mimarT
avtokefalurni iyvnen da rogorc qvemoT aRvniSnavT, maTi ricxvi asobiT iyo
(am sakiTxs eZRvneba sagangebo statia `qarTuli eklesiis uflebrivi
mdgomareobis Sesaxeb IV s-Si~317).

meoTxe saukunis dasawyisidanve, rogorc cnobilia, TandaTanobiT daiwyo

Semcireba avtokefaluri eklesiebis ricxvma, magram eklesiaTa (provinciaTa
eklesiebis e.w. `samTavroebis~) avtokefalias umtkicesad icavda msoflio
krebebi, es gansakuTrebiT gamoikveTa III msoflio krebis me-8 kanonSi da ufro
adre ki II msoflio krebis me-2 kanonSi. Tumca TviT I msoflio krebis me-6
kanonma daadastura faqti imisa, rom imperiis udidesi (saimperio)
dedaqalaqebis garSemo myofi eklesiebi ukve damorCilebulni iyvnen
dedaqalaqeli episkoposis xelisuflebas (aseT dedaqalaqebad aRiarebul
iqnen romi, aleqsandria da antioqia). imave faqts aRiarebda laodikiis krebis
57-e kanoni `mcire qalaqebis episkoposebi damokidebulni unda iyvnen didi
dedaqalaqebis episkoposebze~318.
II msoflio krebis me-2 kanonma pirdapir aukrZala aleqsandriisa da
antioqiis
episkoposebs
kidev
ufro
metad
gaefarToebinaT
TavianTi
xelisufleba mcire saepiskoposo erTeulebis avtokefaliis gauqmebis xarjze,
kerZod,
swored
antioqiis
Zlieri
eklesiis
gavlenis
gafarToebis
Sesaneleblad krebam xazgasmiT cno pontos, asiisa da Trakiis uamravi
episkoposis TviTmmarTveloba _ avtokefalia. kerZod, kanonSi aRniSnulia:
`eklesiaTa keTilad gangebisa da mSvidobisaTvis arc erT episkoposs ara aqvs
ufleba gascdes Tavisi eklesiis sazRvrebs da SeiWras sxva eklesiis
sazRvrebSi, raTa ar moaxdinos eklesiebis aRreva. kanonTa Tanaxmad,
aleqsandriis episkoposi unda ganagebdes mxolod egviptis eklesiebs,
aRmosavleTis episkoposebi unda ganagebdnen mxolod aRmosavleTis eklesiebs.
daculi unda iyos nikeis kanonebiT dawesebuli pativi antioqiis eklesiisa.
asiis soflebis episkoposebi unda ganagebdnen mxolod asiis eklesiebs,
pontoeli episkoposebi unda marTavdnen mxolod pontos eklesiebs, xolo
Trakiis episkoposebi mxolod Trakiis eklesiebs. episkoposi ar unda gavides
Tavis samrevlo eklesiis farglebidan xeldasxmisaTvis, an sxva raime
saeklesio gangebisaTvis mowodebis an miwvevis gareSe, TiToeul samTavros
(eparqias) ganagebs amave samTavros kreba nikeaSi gansazRvruli kanonis
Tanaxmad, xolo warmarTTa Soris arsebuli ucxo tomTa eklesiebi unda
ganagon mamaTa mier dawesebuli Zveli kanonebis mixedviT~319.
II msoflio krebis kanoni (me-2) adasturebs, rom romis imperiaSi yvela
samTavros (provinciis) eklesia (eparqia) iyo avtokefaluri, garda ramdenime
dedaqalaqis garSemo myofi eklesiisa. swored ase esmis es sakiTxi udides
kanonists T. balsamons, igi werda me-2 msoflio krebis me-2 kanonis
ganmartebisas: `miaqcie yuradReba, rom am kanonis Tanaxmad provinciebis
eklesiebis yvela mitropoliti avtokefaluri iyo da xeldasxmuli iyo Tavis
krebis mier~320.
balsamoni amasTan dakavSirebiT werda: `D lhtdyjcnb dct vbnhjgjkbns
tgfh[bb ,skb ytpfdbcbvs (fdnjrtafkmws) b herjgjkfuftvs ,skb cdjqvb
cj,cndtyysvb cj,jhfvb~321.
balsamonis azriT, im droisaTvis (igulisxmeba IV saukunis 80-iani
wlebamde) romis imperiaSi 100-ze meti avtokefaluri eklesia arsebobda,
radganac yvela provinciis eklesia avtokefaluri iyo320.
qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb Teodore balsamoni swored me-2
msoflio krebis meore kanonis ganmartebisas wers (swored es kanoni miaCnda

mas eklesiaTa avtokefalurobis uflebis erT-erT uZveles safuZvlad): `nu

gaikvirveb, Tu sxva eklesiebsac ipovi avtokefalurad, rogorc bulgareTis
eklesias, kviprosisa da iberiisas.
bulgareTis arqiepiskoposi - pativSi
aiyvana iustinianem mefem... kviprosis arqiepiskoposi pativSi aiyvana mesame
msoflio krebam, xolo iberiis episkoposi pativSi aiyvana antoiqiis krebis
dadgenilebam. amboben, rom maSin rodesac RvTaebrivi qalaqis didi antioqiis
uwmides patriarqad iyo ufali petre, gamotanil iqna krebis dadgenileba,
rom iqnes Tavisufali da avtokefaluri eklesia iberiisa, romelic
eqvemdebareboda antioqiis patriarqs~322.
amave cnobas TiTqmis ucvlelad imeorebs XIV s-is didi kanonisti maTe
blastari: - `Semdegi eklesiebi ar eqvemdebarebian arc erT patriarqs:
bulgareTis eklesia, romelsac pativi mianiWa iustiniane mefem, rogorc es
cnobilia xsenebuli novelebidan, kviprosis eklesia, amas pativi mianiWa mesame
krebam da meeqvsem, iberielTa eklesia, romelsac pativi mieniWa antioqiis
krebis
dadgenilebiT
(winaT
is
antioqias
eqvemdebareboda),
maTi
mRvdelmTavrebi, Cveulebriv, xelT isxmebodnen sakuTari episkoposebisagan~323.
1185-1191
wlebSi
antioqiis
patriarqad
arCeuli,
ufro
adre
ki
konstantinopolis patriarqis mTavari iuridiuli mrCeveli, Teodore
balsamoni, rogorc fiqroben, antioqiis patriarq petres qveS, romelmac
TiTqosda antioqiis krebis dadgenilebiT iberiis eklesias avtokefalia
mianiWa, gulisxmobda petre III-s (1053-1057), Tumca sxvebi am petres aigiveben
antioqiis patriarq petre mkawvrelTan, rac saeWvoa (es petre mkawvreli, igive
fuloni, monofizitobis erT-erTi eresiarqi, gansakuTrebiT sZuldaT Zvel
saqarTveloSi da miiCnevdnen, rom igi qarTlis mTavarepiskoposma miqaelma,
sxva qarTvel episkoposebTan erTad Caqola somxeT-saqarTvelos sazRvarTan).
ramdenad sworad gadmoscems balsamoni qarTuli eklesiisaTvis avtokefaliis
miniWebis ambebs, ueWvelia Tu ara misi cnobebi? am mxriv SeiZleba gamogvadges
balsamonis amave cnobaSi moTxrobili magaliTi kviprosis eklesiisa.
balsamonis mtkicebiT, kviprosis eklesias avtokefalia mianiWa III msoflio
krebam. magram, rogorc sayovelTaodaa cnobili,
kviprosis eklesias III
msoflio krebam avtokefalia ki ar mianiWa, aramed piriqiT, misi ZvelTaganve
arsebuli avtokefalia daicva! cxadia, es momenti cnobilia balsamonisTvis
da amitomac mohyavs mas kviprosis avtokefaliis magaliTi II msoflio krebis
II kanonis ganxilvisas, romlis mixedviTac romis imperiis provinciebis
eklesiebi avtokefalurebi iyvnen.
rogorc cnobilia, 381 wels kviproselma episkoposebma efesos III msoflio
krebas warudgines sityvieri da werilobiTi saCivari imis Sesaxeb, rom
antioqiis episkoposi moqmedebda saeklesio wesTa da wmida mamebis kanonis
sawinaaRmdegod, rodesac bedavda kviprosze xeldasxmas. `krebis ganCinebis
Tanaxmad kviprosel episkoposebs saeklesio kanonebisamebr TviT unda hqondeT
Tavisive episkoposebis xeldasxmis ufleba. es wesi Seucvlelad unda iyos
daculi sxva gansagebelTa (olqTa) da eparqiaTa mimarTac. nurc erTi
episkoposi nu miitacebs sxva eparqias, romelic Tavidanve da ZvelTaganve ar
emorCileboda mas da ar iyo mis winamorbed saydris mpyrobelTa gamgeblobis
qveS. xolo Tu vinme miitacebs da daimorCilebs sxvis eparqias iZulebiT, igi
unda ganTavisufldes, raTa ar dairRves mamaTa kanoni da mRvdelmTavrobaSi
Tavi ar unda iCinos saero mTavrobismoyvareobis ampartavnebam da

medidurobam. wmida msoflio krebam daadgina agreTve, rom TiToeulma

eparqiam wmidad daicvas Zveli Cveuleba da wesi. TiToeulma mitropolitma
unda waiRos am kanonis asli Tavis simtkicisaTvis. Tu vinme am dadgenilebis
sawinaaRmego wess SemoiRebs, msoflio kreba mas daumtkiceblad CaTvlis da
mas ar eqneba Zala~324.
msoflio krebis am kanonidan naTlad Cans, rom IV s-is miwurulsac ki
wmida
sayovelTao
eklesia
moiTxovda
mtkiced
yofiliyo
daculi
samitropolitoTa (gansagebelTa, samTavroTa, eparqiaTa) avtokefalia, kerZod,
kreba moiTxovda Seuryeveli yofiliyo am avtokefaliaTa safuZveli. esaa
`Zvel CveulebaTa wesis~ ucvleloba, `mamaTa kanonebis~ urRveoba. ra iyo
`Zveli Cveuleba da wesi~, ras iTxovda `mamaTa kanoni~? - es iyo provinciaTa
eklesiebis avtokefalurobis dacva, rom `TiToeul provincias (samTavros)
ganagebdes amave samTavros kreba nikeaSi gansazRvruli kanonis Tanaxmad.
xolo warmarTTa Soris arsebuli ucxo tomTa eklesiebi ganagon mamaTa mier
dawesebuli Zveli kanonebis mixedviT~ (II msoflio krebis me-2 kanoni).
balsamonma, rogorc aRvniSneT, kargad icis, rom kviprosis eklesia,
romelic TviT mociqulTa dros daarsda, Tavidanve avtokefaluri iyo. magram,
radganac misi avtokefalia daicva III msoflio krebam, amitomac moixseniebs am
krebas: `kviprosis arqiepiskoposi pativSi aiyvana III krebam~, e.i. ukve
avtokefaluri kviprosis eklesiis saarqiepiskoposo pativi aRiara, daicva da
daamtkica III krebam.
aqedan gamomdinare, msgavsadve, balsamonis mier naTqvami, rom `iberiis
arqiepiskoposi pativSi aiyvana antioqiis krebis dadgenilebam~ ar unda
gavigoT ise, TiTqosda antioqiis krebam petres patriarqobis dros V Tu XI
saukuneSi avtokefalia mianiWa qarTul eklesias, aramed, iseve rogorc
kviprosis eklesia iyo damoukidebeli, xolo III msoflio krebam daicva es
avtokefalia, aseve qarTuli eklesia aRniSnul petremdec iyo avtokefaluri
da petres dros antioqiis krebam cno anda daicva ukve arsebuli
avtokefalia. marTlac ase Cans `giorgi mTawmidelis cxovrebidanac~:
antioqiis patriarqs petre III-s moaxsenes bizantielebma qarTuli eklesiis
sruli avtokefaliis Sesaxeb: `meufeo, eklesiani da mRvdelT-mTavarni
qarTlisani ara romlisa patriarqisa xelmwifebasa qveSe arian da yovelni
saeklesioni wesni maT mier ganegebian da TviT daisumen kaTalikosTa da
episkoposTa, da ara samarTal ars ese, rameTu aTormetTa mociqulTagan
aravin misrul ars qveyanasa maTsa da jer ars, raTa qalaqsa amas RvTisasa
(e.i. antioqias) da saydarTa mociqulTa Tavisasa daemorCilnen da amissa
xelmwifebasa qveSe iyvnen. rameTu naTesavni ars umecari da samwysoi mcire da
Cuenda maxlobel arian da jer ars, raTa xelmwifebasa queSe antioqieli
patreaqisasa imwyemsebodin da ikurTxebodes kaTalikozi maTi da viyvneT Cven
erT samwyso da erT mwyems~325.
aqedan
Cans,
rom
balsamonis
mier
naxseneb
`antioqiis
krebis
dadgenilebamde~, romelmac TiTqosda XI s-Si qarTul eklesias avtokefalia
mianiWa, qarTuli eklesia didi xnis avtokefaluri iyo, kerZod:
1. misi episkoposebi ar emorCilebodnen ucxoeTis arc erT patriarqs
(rogorc zemoT moyvanilidan Cans).
2. yoveli adgilobrivi saeklesio wesi saqarTveloSive `ganegeba~.
3. saqarTvelos eklesiaSi `TviT daisumen kaTalikosTa da episkoposTa~.

e.i. qarTul eklesias aqvs sruli damoukidebloba, magram antioqielTa

TvalsazrisiT, saeklesio samarTali am faqtis arsebobiT darRveulia _ `ara
samarTal ars ese~ ratom? imitom, rom `aTormetTa mociqulTagan aravin
misrul ars qveyanasa maTsa~. maSasadame, qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia
mxolod im SemTxvevaSi CaiTvleboda samarTlebrivad, mociquls rom
daearsebina es eklesia (esaa antioqielTa da, saerTod, VI-XI ss-ebis
saeklesio Tvalsazrisi).
aqedan
Cans,
Tu
ra
cvlilebebi
ganicada
saeklesio
praqtikam
avtokefaliis Teoriis Sesaxeb IV saukunidan XI saukunemde, kerZod, Tuki IV
saukuneSi TviT umciresi provinciebis avtokefalia yovelgvari wina pirobis
gareSe samarTlebriv movlenad iTvleboda da amitomac mas mkacrad icavda
pirveli msoflio krebebi, XI saukunisaTvis avtokefalurobis safuZvlad ukve
miiCneva Tormet mociqulTagan romelimes mier mocemuli eklesiis dafuZneba.
amitomac, antioqiis krebisa da patriarqis winaSe misul wmida giorgi
mTawmidels unda gaebaTilebina misi eklesiis winaSe wamoyenebuli braldeba
_ `mociqulTagan aravin misrul ars qveyanasa maTsa~326. Tuki giorgi
mTawmideli daamtkicebda, rom mociqulebma daafuZnes saqarTvelos eklesia,
es iqneboda qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis samarTlebrivi safuZveli.
marTlac giorgi mTawmidelma moiTxova wigni `mimosvlai andria mociqulisa~,
romelSic aRwerili iyo mociqulTa saqarTveloSi qadageba, maSasadame, es iyo
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis samarTlebrivi safuZveli XI s-Si, amiT
gamZlavrebulma giorgi mTawmidelma pasuxad moaxsena krebas da patriarqs
`wmidao meufeo, Sen ityvi viTarmed Tavisa mis mociqulTaisa petres saydarsa
vzio, xolo Cven pirvelwodebulisa da Zmisa Tvisisa mwodebelisa nawilni
varT da samwysoni da mis mier moqceulni da ganaTlebulni. da erTi wmidaTa
aTormetTa mociqulTagani, simons vityvi kananelsa, qveyanasa Cvensa damarxul
ars afxazeTs, romelsa nikofsi ewodebis. amaT wmidaTa mociqulTa
ganaTlebulni varT da vinaiTgan erTi RmerTi gvicnobies arRara uargviyofies da arca odes wvalebisa mimarT midrekil ars naTesavi Cveni. da
yovelTa uaris myofelTa da mwvalebelTa SevaCvenebT da vswyvetT. amas
safuZvelsa zeda marTlmadideblobisasa da mcnebaTa da qadagebaTa zeda
wmidaTa maT mociqulTasa mtkice varT~327.
imJamindeli saeklesio samarTlis mixedviT, Tuki mociqulis mier iyo
dafuZnebuli romelime eklesia, mis meTaurebs ufleba hqondaT ar
damorCilebodnen ucxo sapatriarqoebs, da TviTve ganegoT yovelive
saeklesio wesi, daesvaT TavianTi eklesiis meTaurebi da ekurTxebinaT
episkoposebi sxva sapatriarqoTa Caurevlad. rogorc aRiniSna, amitomac
uTxra kidec petre III-m giorgi mTawmidels - `jer ars romel eklesiani da
mRvdelT-mTavarni Tqvenni xelsa qveSe samociquloisa amis saydrisa
imwyemsebodin... viTarmed Tvinier samociquloisa kanonisa TviT imwysian da
mociqulTagani aravin mosrul ars qveyanasa maTsa~328.
rogorc vxedavT, antioqiis sapatriarqoSi aravis uxsenebia, rom
avtokefaliis safuZveli SeiZleboda yofiliyo romelime zemdgomi, e.w. `deda
eklesiis~ mier Tavisi nawilisaTvis avtokefaliis miniWeba. aseTi gageba
avtokefaliisa imJamad arc ki arsebobda (Cvens droSi, XX s-Si ki, rogorc
cnobilia, swored zemoaRniSnuli wesi miiCneva umTavres safuZvlad
eklesiaTa avtokefalurobisa, magaliTad, ruseTis eklesias avtokefalia deda

eklesiam
konstantinopolma
mianiWa
da
aseve
sxva
e.w.
axal
marTlmadideblur eklesiebs (serbeTis, rumineTis, bulgareTis, poloneTis,
CexeTisa da sxv.).
CvenTvis gansakuTrebiTaa mniSvnelovani is, rom amJamadac ki e.i. XX s.
bolosa da XXI s. dasawyisSi kviprosis eklesia Tavis Tavs avtokefalurad
miiCnevs ara III msoflio krebis droidan, aramed mociqulTa droidan.
saeklesio samarTlis mkvlevari k. skurati wers:
329. am
mizeziT mociqulebrivi warmoSobis sxva eklesiebic TavianT Tavs amJamadac
uZvelesi droidanve avtokefalurad miiCneven.
Zvelad avtokefaliis miniWeba SeeZlo imperatorsac, rogorc magaliTad,
balsamonis da blastaris cnobiT, iustinianem mianiWa bulgareTs, anda
msoflio krebis gadawyvetilebas, rogorc III msoflio krebam mianiWa
avtokefalia kvipross. magram, rogorc ganxiluli gvqonda, avtokefalia
kvipross III msoflio krebamde hqonda, am krebam mxolod daicva misi
avtokefalia. aseve unda vifiqroT, rom balsamonis mier naxsenebma antioqiis
patriarqma petrem qarTul eklesias avtokefalia ki ar mianiWa, aramed
darwmunda qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis samarTlebriv uflebebSi,
radganac giorgi mTawmidelis mtkicebani irwmuna da mociqulTa mier
daarsebulad, anu `samociqulo eklesiad~ aRiara qarTuli eklesia. antioqiis
patriarq petre fulons (mkawvrels) V s-Si rom mieniWebina avtokefalia
qarTuli eklesiisaTvis, antioqiisave patriarq petre III-s da mis mrCevlebs
ecodinebodaT amis Sesaxeb, amitomac giorgi mTawmidels ganucxadebda ara
imas, rom mociqulTagans aravis uqadagia Tqvens qveyanaSio, aramed etyoda _
petre fulonamde saqarTvelos eklesia nawili iyo antioqiis sapatriarqosi,
Zveleburi wesi ki unda aRvadginoT da iseve unda dagvemorCiloT, rogorc
winaT gvemorCilebodiTo. petre mesame da misi momdevno patriarqi Teodosi
arafers msgavss ar acxadebdnen. Tavis mxriv, arc giorgi mTawmidelma
gaixsena, rom evstaTi antioqielma akurTxa pirveli episkoposi da amiT
TiTqosda antioqiis iurisdiqciaSi IV s-danve moeqca qarTuli eklesia, arc is
gauxsenebia, rom TiTqosda V s-Si petre fulonma mianiWa avtokefalia
qarTul eklesias. mravali misioneri moRvaweobda III-IV saukuneebSi da
afuZnebdnen axal da axal eklesiebs warmarTTa Soris, magram es iuridiul
daqvemdebarebas ar iwvevda, radganac II-IV saukuneebSi yvela provinciis, anu
samTavros eklesia avtokefaluri iyo, vis mierac ar unda yofiliyo igi
dafuZnebuli. es icoda giorgi mTawmidelma da arc CaTvala saWirod xseneba
am movlenebisa. misi Tvalsazrisi qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis safuZveli
sul sxva iyo kerZod, qarTuli eklesia dafuZnebulia mociqulTa mier,
maSasadame, igi avtokefaluria mociqulTa droidanve. misi avtokefaliis es
ufleba SeubRalavia, imdenad, rom TviTonve SeuZlia antioqiis sapatriarqos
msgavsad, sxva eklesias ganucxados pretenziebi. Tuki andria mociqulma
miiyvana Tavisi Zma petre ieso qristesTan, e.w. Tavis Zmas mouwoda amisken,
aqedan gamomdinare, `Svenis esreT, raTa wodebuli igi mwodebelsa mas
daemorCilos, rameTu petresi (e.i. antioqiis saydris damfuZnebeli mociquli)
jer ars raTa daemorCilos mwodebels Tavisa da Zmasa andrias (qarTuli
eklesiis damfuZnebels) da raiTa Tqven Cven dagvemorCilneT330.

aqedan Cans, rom: 1. giorgi mTawmidels saqarTvelosa da antioqiis

eklesiebi Tanabari uflebebis mqone TavisTavad eklesiebad miaCnia; 2. igi ar
cnobs antioqiis saydrisadmi qarTuli eklesiis daqvemdebarebas arc erT
droSi, arc wina saukuneebSi da ar mis dros. rogorc aRiniSna, giorgi
mTawmidelis
TvalsazrisiT,
saqarTvelos
eklesia
avtokefaluri
iyo
mociqulTa droidanve, e.i. I-II saukuneebidan (ixile amis Sesaxeb sagangebo
gamokvleva: `Teoriebi qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb~331).
giorgi mTawmidelis TvalsazrisiT, saqarTvelos eklesia avtokefaluri,
marTlmadidebluri da TavisTavadi iyo momdevno saukuneebSic, magaliTad,
VIII s-Si. _ igi ambobs `iyo Jami, romel yovelsa saberZneTsa Sina
marTlmadideblobai ara ipoeboda da iovane guTel episkoposi mcxeTas
ikurTxa episkoposad, viTarca sweria didsa svinaqsarsa~1.
rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, IV s-Si antioqiel patriarqs evstaTis marTlac
rom ekurTxebina qarTveli episkoposi, es ar gamoiwvevda qarTlis eklesiis
daqvemdebarebas antioqiisadmi, iseve, rogorc ioane guTelis mcxeTaSi
kurTxevis
Semdeg
guTeTis
eklesia
ar
Sevida
qarTlis
eklesiis
iurisdiqciaSi. Tumca isic unda iTqvas, rom Tuki IV saukuneSi imperiis
provinciaTa umravlesoba avtokefaluri iyo, VI saukunis Semdeg maTi ricxvi
mkveTrad Semcirda didi eklesiebis sasargeblod, ase rom, VIII s-Si SeeZlo
kidec zemoaRniSnuli kurTxevis gamo qarTul eklesias pretenziebi
ganecxadebina guTeTis eklesiis mimarT.
Cven unda davubrundeT balsamonis zemoaRniSnul cnobas qarTuli
eklesiis Sesaxeb, romelic erTvis me-2 msoflio krebis me-2 kanonis
komentars, balsamons, eklesiaTa avtokefaliis safuZvlad swored es kanoni
miaCnda da miiCnevda, rom qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliac am kanonTan aris
SesabamisobaSi. es kanoni (II msoflio krebis me-2 kanoni) sagangebod Seexo
romis imperiis sazRvrebs gareT `warmarTTa Soris arsebul ucxo tomTa
eklesiebs~ da scno maTi sruli TavisTavadoba _ avtokefalia. qarTuli
eklesia berZnebisa da romaelebisaTvis _ `warmarTTa Soris arsebuli ucxo
tomis eklesia~ iyo. aRniSnuli kanoni moiTxovda ara mis daqvemdebarebas
imperiis romelime eklesiisadmi, aramed aZlevda TviTmwysobis Semdeg kanons:
`xolo warmarTTa Soris arsebuli ucxo tomTa eklesiebi unda ganagon mamaTa
mier dawesebuli Zveli kanonebis mixedviT~ (II ms. kreba, II kanoni)332.
maSasadame, am kanonis ZaliT, II msoflio krebis xanaSi IV s-is 80-iani
wlebisaTvis saqarTvelos eklesia imarTeboda, iseve, rogorc imperiis
avtokefalur provinciaTa eklesiebi, kerZod, `TiToeul samTavros (eparqias)
ganagebs amave samTavros kreba nikeaSi gansazRvruli kanonis Tanaxmad~ (II ms.
kreba, me-2 kan.), xolo imperiis sazRvrebs gareT myof eklesiebs ufro meti
avtokefaliis ufleba aqvT, amis Sesaxeb Cven zemoT visaubreT, mamaTa mier
dawesebul Zvel kanonTa Soris igulisxmeboda mociqulTa kanonebis 34-e
muxli, romelic yvela eTnosis (naTesavis, eris, imperiaSi `provinciis~)
eklesias aniWebs avtokefaliis uflebas - `yvela eris episkoposebma unda
icodnen maT Soris pirveli da Tavi episkoposi da araferi zedmeti ar unda
gaakeTon mis gareSe, aramed yoveli maTgani mxolod imas unda akeTebdes, rac
sasargebloa misi eklesiisaTvis da misTvis daqvemdebarebuli soflebisaTvis.
magram nurc pirveli episkoposi nu gaakeTebs nurafers sxvebTan SeTanxmebis

gareSe, vinaidan, mxolod ase SeiZleba aResrulos erTneboba da ididos

RmerTi uflis mier suliwmidiT~333.
ai, am kanoniT imarTeboda saqarTvelos eklesia, vidre XIX saukunemde, es
kanoni iyo misi TavisTavadobis safuZveli, msoflio krebebi ki ar arRvevdnen
am kanons, aramed amtkicebdnen mas, rogorc igi ganamtkica nikeis krebam Tavis
me-4, II ms. krebam me-2, III msoflio krebam me-8 kanonebiT.
am kanonis ZaliT, yvela xalxis eklesias Zvelad ufleba hqonda
avtokefaliisa, da iyvnen kidec I-III ss-Si gaqristianebuli eTnosebis
eklesiebi avtokefalurni, rogorc romis imperiaSi, ise mis farglebs gareT.
SemdgomSi IV s-is dasawyisSi romis imperiaSi am eTnosebis gansaxlebis
sazRvrebs Tan daamTxvies provinciaTa sazRvrebi, amitomac provinciaTa
eklesiebic avtokefalurni iyvnen (igulisxmeba IV s. dasawyisi), imperiis
sazRvrebs gareT ki eklesiaTa avtokefalia `mamaTa mier dawesebuli Zveli
kanonebiT~ ganisazRvreboda.
rogorc cnobilia, V s-is avtors gelasi kvizikels aqvs cnoba imis
Sesaxeb, rom pirveli qarTveli episkoposi akurTxa konstantinopolis
patriarqma. am cnobasTan dakavSirebiT Tavis mosazrebebi aqvs m. TarxniSvils
da sxva avtorebs. rogorc cnobilia, IV msoflio krebis dadgenilebiT
gauqmebuli iqna pontos, asiisa da Trakiis provinciaTa eklesiebis
damoukidebloba da isini moeqcnen konstantinopolis eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi.
am momentma antioqia Zalze gaaRiziana, radganac, rogorc aRiniSna, igi
pontosa da asiis eklesiebze Tavis pretenzias acxadebda. saerTod, rogorc
romis, ise antioqiisa da aleqsandriis eklesiebisaTvis konstantinopolis
eklesiis uswrafesi aRzeveba Tavdapirvelad miuRebeli iyo334. aman asaxva
pova aRmosavleTis eklesiaTa samarTlebriv literaturaSi, magaliTad, somexi
saeklesio avtorebi V-X saukuneebisa, am moments gansakuTrebiT aRniSnavdnen.
maTi azriT, konstantinopolis eklesia ar iyo daarsebuli mociqulis mier,
mas ar gaaCnda saeklesio warsuli. maSasadame, TviTon mas esaWiroeboda ucxo
eklesiaTa dasturi Tavisi saeklesio uflebamosilebaTa gansaxorcieleblad.
Tavis
mxriv,
konstantinopoleli
avtorebi
yovelmxriv
cdilobdnen
warmoeCinaT am axali eklesiis avtoriteti da uflebamosileba. amiT unda
yofiliyo gamowveuli gelasi kvizikelis cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom TiTqosda
pirveli ganmanaTleblebi saqarTveloSi (igulisxmeba wm. ninosa da wm.
mirianis dros) gamogzavna aleqsandre konstantinopolelma episkoposma335.
miRebulia, rom gelasi kvizikelis (475 wlis axlo xanebSi) saeklesio
istoriaSi SemorCenilia fragmentebi ufro Zveli avtoris gelasi kesarielis
(367-395) naSromidan da cnoba aleqsandre konstantinopolelis mier iberiaSi
ganmanaTlebelTa gagzavnis Sesaxeb mas unda ekuTvnodes, Cveni azriT, V
saukuneSi, imis mere, rac konstantinopolelma 451 wels oficialurad
SeierTa pontos, asiis da Trakiis iqamde avtokefaluri eklesiebi, warmoiSva
idea, rom pontos iqiTa qveynebic, anu iberiis eklesiac konstantinopols
damorCileboda, amitomac cnoba aleqsandre konstantinopolelis (314-337)
Sesaxeb unda mivakuTvnoT V s-is, swored gelasi kvizikelis xanas, anu V s-is
70-80-ian wlebs. am wlebSi qarTulma eklesiam marTlac gamoamJRavna survili
hqonoda
mkveTrad
gamoxatuli
proberZnuli,
anu
am
SemTxvevaSi,
prokonstantinopoluri orientacia da axali ierarqiac ki miiRo misgan
kaTalikos petres meTaurobiT. am movlenam albaT asaxva pova gelasi

kvizikelis wyaroSi. m. TarxniSvilis azriT, `dabejiTebiT ver vityviT

istoriul safuZvels eyrdnoba es cnoba, Tu masSi mxolod is faqtia
asaxuli, rom am dros episkoposis Tanamdeboba bizantiaSi aleqsandres (314337)
ekava.
yovel
SemTxvevaSi,
konstantinopolis
eklesiis
Semdgomi
monawileoba qarTuli eklesiis kanonikuri saxis CamoyalibebaSi dokumentebiT
damtkicebuli ar aris~336.
ase
rom,
konstantinopolisadmi
qarTuli
eklesiis
kanonikuri
damokidebuleba dokumentebiT ar mtkicdeba. rac Seexeba antioqias, igi Tavis
daqvemdebarebis qveS gulisxmobda ara kavkasiur qveynebs, aramed imperiaSi
Semaval aRmosavlur provinciebs, imperiis mTel aRmosavleT nawils
SuamdinareTis CaTvliT. aseTi Sexeduleba, romelsac qvemoT ufro farTod
ganvixilavT IV s-is dasawyisSi romis imperiis `axal administraciul
dayofas~ Seesabameboda. rogorc iTqva, qalaq konstantinopolis daarsebamde,
romis imperatoris nacvali ijda qalaq antioqiaSi da mas ufleba hqonda
ganego `mTeli aRmosavleTis~ saqmeebi, cxadia, romis imperiis sazRvrebis
SigniT. imJamindeli saeklesio cxovrebis Sesabamisad, antioqiis episkopossac
mieca ufleba Tavisi iurisdiqcia ganexorcielebina `mTel aRmosavleTze~,
oRond, cxadia, romis imperiis sazRvrebs SigniT. romis imperiis sazRvrebSi
ki IV s-is dasawyisisaTvis Sedioda SuamdinareTi, romelsac sparseTis qveynis
nawilad miiCnevdnen imJamad, agreTve pontos da asiis provinciebi, aseve
arabeTi da siria. ai, am teritoriebze arsebul eklesiebze da ara kavkasiis
eklesiebze SeeZlo antioqias Tavisi kanonikuri uflebamosilebis Sesaxeb
ganecxadebina pretenziebi. es iyo `mTeli aRmosavleTi~ da ara romis imperiis
sazRvrebis gareT myofi qveynebi (iseve rogorc provincia `asia~ anu `azia~ ar
moicavda mTel azias Tanamedrove gagebiT). romis imperiis gaqrobis da misi
sazRvrebis damcrobis Semdgomac antioqiis pretenziebi ar Semcirebula,
piriqiT, Seecada `aRmosavleTis~ qveS axla mTeli qveynierebis aRmosavleTi
warmoedgina.
Tavdapirveli sparsuli qristianuli eklesia Camoyalibda mesopotamiaSi
(SuamdinareTSi), romelic Sedioda romis imperiis sazRvrebSi IV s-is
dasawyisSi,
aqedan
gamomdinare,
antioqias
marTlac
hqonda
ufleba
mesopotamiis sparsul eklesiaze. SemdgomSi Camoyalibda erTiani sparsuli
eklesia, amasTanave, romma dakarga mesopotamia, cxadia, amis gamo antioqiis
pretenziebi sruliad sparseTis sakaTalikosoze usafuZvlo iyo, amitomac
sparseTis eklesia CamoSorda antioqias da gamoacxada damoukidebloba. kidev
erTxel unda vTqvaT, rom antioqias kanonikurad eqvemdebareboda mesopotamiis
sparsuli eklesia romis imperiis sazRvrebis SigniT da ara sruliad
sparseTis eklesia. amitomac iyo arakanonieri antioqiis pretenziebi mis
mimarT. antioqias saerTod hqonda miziduloba daemorCilebina mezobeli
eklesiebi, magaliTad, kviprosisa, romlis avtokefaliac daicva III msoflio
krebam me-8 kanoniT.
rogorc cnobilia, romis imperiaSi 100-ze meti avtokefaluri eklesiis
nacvlad, provinciaTa eklesiebis avtokefaliis gaqrobis kvaldakval
TandaTanobiT bizantiaSi V-VI saukuneebSi mitropoliaTa urTierTSerwymis
gziT Camoyalibda sul eqvsi avtokefaluri eklesia (xuTi sapatriarqo da
kviprosis eklesia). 5 sapatriarqos Camoyalibebis kvaldakval, VII-IX
saukunisaTvis bizantiaSi Camoyalibda pentarqiis Teoria, romlis mixedviTac

mTel msoflioze eklesiuri iurisdiqciis ganxorcielebis ufleba TiTqosda

hqonda am xuT sapatriarqos (e.i. romis, konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis,
antioqiisa da ierusalimis eklesiebs). am Teoriis momxre Teologebi
Txzavdnen Teoriebs, Tu msoflios romeli qveynis eklesia romel
sapatriarqos
unda
daqvemdebareboda.
antioqieli
Teologebis
azriT,
saqarTvelo unda Sesuliyo antioqiis sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi. es
mosazreba
dawyebuli
VII
saukunidan,
grZeldeboda
vidre
giorgi
mTawmidelamde (XI s.). ase Tu ise, igi miRebuli iyo antioqiis sapatriarqo
karze da am ideebs avrcelebda maTi mwerlobac.
antioqiis patriarqs ioane antioqiels (+648) miuweria sparseTis eklesiis
Sesaxeb did mitropolit maruTa tagritelisTvis (+649), rom: `winaT sparseTis
kaTalikosis saydari da somxeTis, gurzanisa da aranis kaTalikosis saydari
eqvemdebareboda antioqias kaTalikosis babais sikvdilamde~ (+484)337.
am werilSi VII s-is antioqieli patriarqi aRiarebs, rom mis dros (e.i. VII
s-Si) gurznis, anu saqarTvelos eklesia antioqias ar eqvemdebareba, Tumca ki
masze pretenzias acxadebs. ufro metic, misi cnobiT, qarTuli eklesia ar
eqvemdebareboda antioqias ukve kaTalikos babais sikvdilis Semdeg, e.i. V s-is
80-iani wlebidan. im dromde Tu eqvemdebareboda? `am cnobidan ar Cans,
gamoiyeneboda Tu ara es samarTali sinamdvileSi. Tu adgilobriv eklesiebis
istorias gadavxedavT, davrwmundebiT, rom igi sinamdvileSi ar arsebobda.
somxeTis eklesia daarsebis pirveli dReebidanve kesariis mitropolits
eqvemdebareboda, IV s. bolos ki mTlianad ganTavisuflda misgan, raTa
damoukideblad ganviTarebuliyo. sparsuli eklesiac mxolod iwodeboda
antioqiaze damokidebulad, 423-424 wlebis axlo xanebSi man absoluturi
damoukidebloba moipova da gaauqma antioqiis taxtze damokidebulebis kanoni.
raki es ori eklesia iuridiulad gaTavisuflda antioqiis mitropolitisagan,
unda vifiqroT, rom saqarTveloc aRar iyo masze damokidebuli, radgan
iberiis eklesiis aseTi samarTlebrivi mdgomareoba arc erTi imdroindeli
wyaroTi ar dasturdeba~338.
pentarqiis Teoriam gansakuTrebuli aRmavloba ganicada IX saukunidan,
amis Sedegad ukve monofizitur antioqiaSi, romelic arabebis mier iyo
dapyrobili,
aqa-iq
SemorCenili
marTlmadidebeli,
anu
rogorc
maT
uwodebdnen melqiti (e.i. mefis, konstantinopolis imperatoris momxre),
antioqieli berebi aviTarebdnen Sesabamis Teoriebs, erTi aseTi iyo beri
nikoni, romelmac XI s-Si wamoayena mosazreba, rom `antioqiis patriarqma
evstaTim (325-331) konstantines davalebiT moZebna qarTvelebi maTsave qveyanaSi,
monaTla isini da dauniSna kaTalikosi, romelic antioqiis patriarqs
dauqvemdebara~339.
nikonis es cnoba, rogorc cnobilia, Targmnil iqna XI s-Si qarTulad da
igi yvela saeklesio fenam aRiara. me, piradad, es cnoba SedarebiT sandod
mimaCnia, radgan evstati antioqielis moRvaweobis dros (325-331), jer kidev ar
arsebobda
konstantinopoli,
viTarca
dedaqalaqi,
romis
imperiis
aRmosavleTis politikuri dedaqalaqi iyo antioqia. mis rogorc saero, ise
sasuliero xelisuflebas evaleboda imperiis aRmosavleTSi yovelgvari
saqmeTa mogvareba. amitomac unda vifiqroT, rom mefe mirianisagan
imperatorTan gagzavnili delegatebi konstantines eaxlnen q. romSi, man ki
evstaTi antioqiels, viTarca aRmosavleTSi mjdom ierarqs, daavala qarTuli

eklesiis saqmeTa mogvareba. magram es ar niSnavs ierarqiul damorCilebas

axalSeqmnili eklesiisa, radganac IV s-is I naxevari aseT daqvemdebarebas ar
iTvaliswinebda. cnoba daqvemdebarebis Sesaxeb pentarqiis momxreTa Seqmnili,
anda SeTxzuli unda iyos mogvianebiT.
XI s. melqit nikon SavmTels da Cvens did saeklesio moRvawes efrem
mcires ekuTvniT cnoba, romelic maT Zveli qronikebidan moupovebiaT, rom
imperator konstantine kopronimes dros (741-775) ori qarTveli beri mivida
patriarq Teofilaqte antioqielTan (daaxloebiT 744-751) `isini Ciodnen, rom
qarTvelebs aRar hyavT kaTalikosi, `rameTu dRiTgan netarisa anastasi
mRvdelmowamisa, antioqiel patriarqisa, ara kurTxeul ars maTda kaTalikosimTavarepiskoposi siZnelisaTvis gzisa, rameTu agarianTagan veravin ikadrebs
svlad~340. am gancxadebis safuZvelze antoqiis patriarqs Teofilaqtes
gaucia sinodis sigeli, romlis mixedviTac momavalSi kaTalikosis kurTxeva
qarTvel episkoposebs miendoboda. amisaTvis ki evalebodaT JamiswirvaSi
antioqiis patriarqis moxsenieba da yovelwliurad 1000 drahkanis gadaxda.
patriarqi itovebda uflebas SemdgomSi mwvaleblobis an ganxeTqilebis
SemTxvevaSi saqarTveloSi egzarqosi gaegzavnaT~341.
rogorc v. goilaZem gaarkvia VIII s. 40-50-ian wlebSi antoqiis sapatriarqo
karze Cavidnen (ara `zemo iberiis~, aramed `qvemo iberiis~), anu dasavleT
saqarTvelos zRvispira eklesiis warmomadgenlebi. rogorc cnobilia, VII s
20-iani wlebs Semdeg herakle keisris aneqsiis Sedegad dasavleT saqarTvelos
zRvispireTi uSualod Sevida bizantiis imperiis SemadgenlobaSi da dasavleT
saqarTveloSi vidre e.w. skanda-Sorapnis sazRvramde Tavisi iurisdiqcia
ganaxorciela konstantinopolis sapatriarqom. aq Camoyalibda berZnulenovani
saepiskoposoebi
lazikis
eparqiaSi
Semavalni
foTis
mitropolitis
meTaurobiT.
maT
Soris
rodopolosis,
ZiRinevis,
petras,
caiSis
saepiskoposoebi. male, gansakuTrebiT ki VIII s-Si politikuri viTareba
Seicvala. dasavleT saqarTveloSi
xelisuflebis marTvis ufleba moipova
afxazeTidan gamosulma dinastiam, kerZod ki leon OI-ma, romelmac es ufleba
moipova qarTlis mefeTagan mefe miris memkvidre asulis guranduxtis SerTvis
gziT. dasavleT saqarTvelo ibrZoda bizantielebisagan damoukideblobis
mosapoveblad. am mxriv konstantinopolis moucleloba sasargeblo aRmoCnda
qveynis eklesiuri da politikuri damoukideblobis mopovebisaTvis. kerZod,
am miwa-wylidan e.i. `qvemo iberiidan~ Cavida antioqiaSi saeklesio delegacia,
swored maT miiRes `sinodis sigeli~, romliTac antioqiis patriarqma
Teofilaqtem qvemo iberiis anu afxazeTis kaTalikosis kurTxevis ufleba
qarTvel episkoposebs miando. Semdegi drois antioqieli patriarqebi
dosiTeosi, xrisanfi da sxvebi weren imis Sesaxeb, rom `qvemo iberiis~
arqiepiskoposma (ase uwodebdnen isini afxazeTis kaTalikoss) damoukidebloba
moipova lev isavrosis epoqaSi, e.i. 720-ian wlebSi, rogorc Cans, am wlebSi
gaerTianda
dasavleT
saqarTvelos
eklesia,
xolo
kanonikurad
ki
konstantinopolisagan gaTavisuflda antioqiis aRniSnuli sinodis sigeliT.
anu samarTlebriv-kanonikuri gziT da ara saeklesio urCobiT, rasac didi
mniSvneloba aqvs.
saerTod, xatmebrZoluri xana xasiaTdeboda samarTlebriv uflebaTa
gadaadgilebiT.
magaliTad,
Tuki
iqamde
guTeTis
eklesia
Sedioda
konstantinopolis
iurisdiqciaSi,
ioane
guTelis
dros
VIII
s.

konstantinopolSi xatmebrZoluri eresis gamo, guTeTis eklesiam gadawyvita

gamosuliyo deda eklesiidan da daqvemdebareboda ierusalims. rogorc
cnobilia, ioane guTeli sami weli eloda ierusalimSi episkoposad
kurTxevas, magram Semdeg am sapatriarqoSi gadauwyvetiaT guTeTis mezobel
marTlmadidebel iberiis eklesiaSi ekurTxebinaT ioane guTeli episkoposad.
amgvaradve,
dasavleT
saqarTvelomac,
roca
gadawyvita
gamosuliyo
konstantinopolis iurisdiqciidan, mimarTa isev bizantiur eklesias
antioqiis sapatriarqos, romlisaganac VIII s. miiRo Sesabamisi kanonikuri
dasturi. ase, rom efrem mciresa da nikon SavmTelis cnobebi iberiis
kaTalikosis adgilze kurTxevis Sesaxeb Seexeba ara mcxeTis eklesiis, aramed
afxazeTis (qvemo iberiis), eklesias. cnobaTa aRreva gamoiwvia iman, rom
rogorc mcxeTis, ise dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiebs `iberTa eklesiebi~
ewodebodaT
bizantiaSi.
balsamonic
Tavis
cnobil
cnobaSi
iberiis
eklesiisaTvis avtokefaliis miniWebis Sesaxeb, sinamdvileSi wers ara
mxolobiT ricxvSi - `iberiis eklesia~, aramed mravlobiTSi - `iberiis
eklesiebi~, es kargad Cans rusul TargmanSi.
amave konteqstSi Sedis wmida mironis kurTxevis sakiTxic. CvenSi
miCneulia giorgi merCules cnobaze dayrdnobiT, rom mironis kurTxevis
ufleba qarTulma eklesiam moipova efrem mawyvereli (IX s.) episkoposis
wyalobiT ierusalimis sapatriarqos mier. m. TarxniSvilis TqmiT, `es moxda
patriarq sergi ierusalimelis (843-859) dros, roca ori qarTveli beri,
miqaeli da arseni, romelTac mcire aziaSi olimpis mTaze qarTuli monasteri
daaarses, wmida qalaqSi mividnen da antioqiis patriarqTan SeTanxmebiT
aqauri sinodisagan TavianTi eklesiisaTvis es ufleba moipoves~342. mironis
kurTxeva Zvel eklesiaSi episkoposebis privilegia iyo, es ufleba kidev
ufro ganamtkica karTagenis krebebma IV s-Si. Cven garkveuli gvaqvs, rom VI-VII
saukuneebSi somxeTisa da albaneTis eklesiebi mirons TviTonve akurTxevdnen,
amitomac samarTlebrivad maTi Tanatoli da Tanafardi qarTuli eklesiac,
cxadia, mirons ZvelTaganve akurTxevda. miT umetes, rom IV s-danve uflis
kvarTze amosuli sveticxovlis Ziridan mironi gadmoedineboda, cxadia, mcire
odenobiT, romelsac albaT urevdnen xarSvisas wmida mirons.
zemoaRniSnuli cnoba mironis Sesaxeb kvlav dasavleT saqarTvelos
eklesias Seexeba saqme isaa, rom dasavleT saqarTvelos berZnuli
saepiskoposoebi, cxadia, mirons konstantinopolidan iRebdnen, masTan
xatmebrZoluri eresis gamo kavSiris gawyvetis Semdeg isini Seecadnen mironi
sxva romelime bizantiuri sapatriarqodan mieRoT. qvemo iberiis anu
afxazeTis sakaTalikososadmi miniWebuli avtokefalia _ TavisTavadobis
sanacvlod _ antioqia-ierusalimis erT-erTi piroba iyo wmida mironi maTgan
SeesyidaT, romelSic 1000 drahkani unda gadaexada qarTul mxares. swored es
sakiTxi unda moegvarebinaY efrem mawyverelsa da sxva pirebs. kerZod, maTi
wyalobiT ierusalimsa da antioqiaSi miuRweviaT TanxmobisaTvis, rom
afxazeTis eklesiisaTvis saWiro mironi TviT saqarTveloSive kurTxeuliyo.
e.i. qvemo iberiis sakaTalikosos mironi ukve ara antioqia-ierusalimidan,
aramed adgilzeve unda mieRo. es winadadeba, Cans, giorgi mTawmidelis
cxovrebaSi Tavdapirvelad savaraudod aseTi saxiT ewera: `rameTu afxazeTisa
kaTalikosTa mironi ierusalimiT mohyvanda, xolo efrem qristesmieriTa
brZanebiTa mironis kurTxeva qarTls ganawesa ierusalimisa patriaqisa

ganwesebiTa da wamebiTa sixaruliT, aramed qarTlad friadi qveyana

aRiricxebis, romelsaca Sina qarTuliTa eniTa Jami Seiwirvis~, afxazeTic
qarTlia, radganac wirva-locva da yoveli saeklesio saqme aq qarTul enaze
aResruleba. maSasadame, gadawyda, rom dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesias mironi
ekurTxebina adgilzeve e.i. mieRo mcxeTidan. es iyo gamTlianeba sulieri
TvalsazrisiT qarTuli eklesiisa (ixile amis Sesaxeb sagangebo gamokvleva
`mironis kurTxevis Sesaxeb~)343.
saqarTvelos eklesia ar warmoSobila erTbaSad, erTi sqemiT. rogorc
aRiniSna, aq qristianuli Temebi arsebobdnen qristianobis oficialur
aRiarebamde ara mxolod dabal, aramed maRal fenebSic, rasac arqeologiuri
monacemebi da werilobiTi wyaroebic miuTiTebs, magram es iyo mcirericxovani
Temebi. mkvlevarTa Soris davaa IV s-is dasawyisSi `qarTlis moqcevis~
TariRis
Sesaxeb.
saerTod
ra
igulisxmeboda
`qarTlis
moqcevaSi~?
imperatorma konstantinem mefe mirianis TxovniT warmoagzavna `moswrafebiT
mRvdelni naTlisRebisaTvis~344, maT Soris iyo episkoposi ioane. `mefem naTel
iyo xelsa queSe wmidisa ninossa~, aseve moinaTla dedofali da ufliswulebi.
mdinare mtkvarze episkoposma naTeli sca warCinebulebs, xolo mRvdlebma
mTel ers - swored es iyo `qarTlis moqceva~. romel wels moxda es? wyaro
TviTve gvpasuxobs, kerZod, qarTlis moqcevis Semdeg mefe mirianma ukanve
gagzavna imperatorTan episkoposi ioane aseTi saTxovriT: `iTxova nawili
Zelisa cxovrebisa, romelic mas oden Jamsa gamoeCina RvTis moyvare elene
dedofalsa~345. episkopos ioanes pirveli Camosvlis dros `Zeli cxovrebisa~
ierusalimSi jer kidev ar iyo aRmoCenili, amitomac iyo, rom qarTvelTa
gaqristianebis surviliT uzomod gaxarebulma imperatorma da elene
dedofalma Tavdapirvelad mirian mefes mxolod macxovris xati da
Cveulebrivi jvari gamougzavnes346; xolo meorejer Casul qarTlis
delegatebs, romelTa Soris episkoposTan erTad qarTveli `warCinebulic~
iyo, imperatorma `sixaruliT mianiWa nawili Zelisa cxovelisa da ficarni
igi, romelTa zeda ferxni damsWvalul iyves uflisani da samsWualni
xelTani~3.
rogorc cnobilia, elene dedofalma ierusalimSi aRniSnuli siwmideni
moipova 326 wels, xolo rogorc aRiniSna, `qarTlis moqceva~ anu mtkvarSi
eris naTloba ufro adre moxda. maSasadame, unda daveTanxmoT vaxuStisa da
sxva mraval avtors, romelnic `qarTlis moqcevis~ TariRebad 317-318 wlebs
miiCneven. amasTan dakavSirebiT aRsaniSnavia is momentic, rom msoflio
qristianobis udidesi siwmideebi `ferxTa ficari~ da samsWvalni uflisa
ubralo qalaqebSi _ eruSeTsa da manglisSi datoves da ara dedaqalaqSi
qristiani mefis mfarvelobis qveS. ismis kiTxva, mounaTlavi, araqristianuli
qalaqebis warmarT mosaxleebs rogor andes aseTi siwmide, warmarTebi xom
sastikad epyrobodnen qristianul siwmideebs? rogorc Txzuleba `cxra Zma
kolaelTa martviloba~ gviCvenebs, warmarTebma ar daindes TviT sakuTari
gaqristianebuli Svilebi da qvebiT Caqoles, xolo eklesia daarbies.
manglissa da eruSeTSi datovebul aRniSnul siwmideebs ki mkvidri
mosaxleoba gafacicebiT icavda, imdenad, rom V-VI saukuneebSi `manglisis
jvari~ saerTo-kavkasiuri salocavic ki iyo. amis gamo, Cven unda vifiqroT,
rom ioane episkoposis droisaTvis, e.i. IV s-is dasawyisSi manglissa, eruSeTSi
da albaT sxva daba-soflebSic, Cans, ukve arsebobda mZlavri qristianuli

Temebi (e.i. qarTlis oficialurad moqcevamde), romelTaTvisac SeiZleboda

udidesi, msoflio mniSvnelobis qristianuli siwmideebis mindoba, swored am
Temebs auSenes eklesiebi ioane episkoposis mier Camoyvanilma kiriTxuroebma.
saeklesio samarTlis wyaros organizebis Semdeg IV s. dasawyisSi, iseve
rogorc misi drois romis (bizantiis) imperiaSi, warmoadgenda harmoniuli
(simfoniuri) kavSiri eklesiisa saxelmwifosTan, romelic damyarda mirian
mefis saxelmwifo xelisuflebasa da qarTul eklesias Soris. es kavSiri
saukuneTa manZilze samagaliTo iyo. m. TarxniSvilis TqmiT - `saqarTvelos
mmarTvelebs Tavisi Tavi RvTis mebrZolad da misi saqmis aRmsruleblad
miaCndaT~347, es grZeldeboda saukuneTa manZilze. `amgvari damokidebulebis
mimaniSnebelia warwerac fulze: mesiis maxvils uwodebdnen TavianT Tavs
mefeebi demetre (1125-1156), giorgi III (1156-1184), laSa-giorgi (1213-1222),
dedofali rusudani (1222-1245), Tamari Tavis Tavs ase uwodebda: `mesiis
Semwe~2. miuxedavad amisa, saqarTvelos mefeebi ar gadadiodnen sazRvars
`romliTac
gamijnulni
iyvnen
RvTis
mier
dawesebuli
saeklesio
ierarqiisagan~348.
`wmida ninos cxovreba~ cxadyofs, rom qarTlis moqceva moxda qalaq
konstantinopolis daarsebamde, e.i. 330 wlamde, es iqidan Cans, rom aRniSnul
`cxovrebaSi~
qalaqi
romi
(e.i.
imperiis
dedaqalaqi)
dasaxelebulia
ramdenjerme, magaliTad, am `cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, elene dedofali romSi zis,
amitomac mis winaSe `gaemgzavrnen wmida nino da efeseli qali qalaq
romSi~349. faravnis tbasTan ufalma wmida ninos misca wigni wasakiTxad,
romelic `dawerili iyo laTinurad~350, wmida ninos uwodeben ase: `romaeli
tyve~351, wmida ninos sarwmunoebas ki qarTveli warmarTebi ase uwodebdnen `romaelTa Secdomili rjuli~352. gaqristianebuli mefe miriani ambobs:
`viqnebi morCili ninosi romaelTa rjulze353, Tumca amave dros romis
imperias
`saberZneTic~
ewodeba,
mis
mefes
ki
`berZenTa
mefe~,
konstantinopolis ararsebobas moqcevis droisaTvis gulisxmobs isic, rom
wmida ninos `wigni miswera~ ara konstantinopolis episkoposma, aramed romis
patriarqma `im dReebSi mouvida wigni romis patriarqisagan wmida ninos, mefes
da qarTlis mTel ers~354. mTel TxzulebaSi mxolod erTxel gvxvdeba sityva
`konstantinopoli~ da unda vifiqroT, rom igi unda iyos CanarTi, radganac
axlosaa sxva meore CanarTTan, romelSic laparakia mTiulebis Sesaxeb:
`xolo ukanasknel Jams maTi nawili moaqcia abibos nekreselma episkoposma da
zogierTi maTgani darCnen warmarTobaSive dRemde~355, e.i. wmida ninos
`cxovrebis~
redaqtirebis
Jams
albaT
VI-VII
ss-Si
CaurTes
sityva
`konstantinopoli~.
m. TarxniSvilis sityviT, `saqarTvelos kavSiri antioqiasTan xangrZlivi
arasdros yofila~356.
m.
TarxniSvilis
azriT,
antioqiasTan
kavSiri
saqarTvelos eklesiam daamyara ara IV, aramed V s-is bolos. `V saukunis
bolos damyarebuli kavSiri antioqiasTan ukve 610 wels Seirya da VIII
saukuneSi sruliad gawyda~356. am dros m. TarxniSvilis sityviT (e.i. V s-Si),
antioqia monofizituri yofila, amitomac misi azriT V s-Si qarTuli
eklesiac monofizituri iyo. es mosazreba Cvens mier mTlianad uaryofilia357

m. TarxniSvili svams Zalze saintereso kiTxvas, romelzec pasuxis

gacemiT, Cven movZebniT qarTuli eklesiis samarTlis wyaros IV saukuneSi,
kerZod - `pirveli episkoposi, romelic bizantiidan movida, `moqcevai
qarTlisais~ mixedviT iyo ioane, mis Semdeg mcxeTis episkoposis taxtze avida
masTan erTad mosuli mRvdeli iakobi. CvenTvis ucnobia, Tu sad ekurTxa igi
episkoposad,
radgan sakuTari ierarqiis Seqmna aseT mcire droSi
SeuZlebeli iyo, xolo jer kidev zomieri da upretenzio bosforispira
qalaqi (konstantinopoli) Zalian Sors iyo, qarTvelebi iZulebulni iyvnen,
TavianTi umaRlesi mwyemsi mezobel qristian xalxebTan e.i. somxebTan da
sirielebTan eZebna, marTlac mcxeTis mesame episkoposi iobi somexi
mTavarepiskoposis, nerse didis (daaxloebiT 362-373) diakvani iyo. SeiZleba
vifiqroT, rom nersem TviTon akurTxa Tavisi diakvani episkoposad...~358.
m.
TarxniSvili
cdeba,
radganac
Zvelma
qarTulma
saeklesio
istoriografiam icoda, `Tu sad ekurTxa episkoposad~ iakobi, iobi da sxvani
IV-V saukuneebSi. Cveni wyaroebi dabejiTebiT miuTiTebdnen, rom isini
ekurTxebodnen aqve, saqarTveloSive da isini ar ukurTxebiaT ucxoeTSi anda
ucxoel pirvel mRvdelmTavrebs. magaliTad, qarTuli eklesiis meore
episkoposi iakobi mefe mirianis nebiT dajda eklesiis meTaurad, mirians es
Tavad wmida ninom sTxova359.
mis Semdeg qarTvelTa mefem episkoposad `dasva elia~, `...mokvda episkoposi
iakob da dasva mis wil elia~360, elias sikvdilis Semdeg aqve,
saqarTveloSive, axal episkoposad `dasves~ svimoni - `mokvda elia episkoposi
da dasves svimon~360. aseve saqarTveloSive mRvdeli miqaeli `daadgines
episkoposad~. - `moiyvana mRvdeli WeSmariti saberZneTiT, saxeliT miqael da
daadgines igi episkoposad~361 da a.S. episkoposebs aqve, saqarTveloSive
`adgendnen~ an `svamdnen~ Sesabamisi wreebi. iyo Tu ara saqarTveloSive IV sSi ramdenime episkoposi? diax, iyo, ukve mirian mefis sikvdilis droisaTvis
(IV s. 60-ian wlebSi) saqarTveloSi iyo ramdenime episkoposi, sikvdilis Jams
mirian mefem `davedra episkoposTa~... 362. e.i. episkoposebs sTxova. swored es
episkoposebi irCevdnen TavianT krebaze eklesiis meTaurs, xolo mefe `svamda~
mas. ramdenime episkoposi yofila mefe mirianis Semdegac, magaliTad, vaxtang
gorgasals, roca is sparseTidan dabrunda miegebnen qarTveli episkoposebi `warmovida vaxtang qarTlad da miegebnen... episkoposni~363. es episkoposebi
marTavdnen eklesias IV s. kanonebis mixedviT.
aqedan Cans, rom IV s-Si eklesia saqarTveloSi, iseve, rogorc romis
imperiis provinciaTa eklesiebis umetesi nawili, iyo TviTmmarTvadi, anu
rogorc balsamoni aseT eklesiebs uwodebs _ avtokefaluri. qarTuli
wyaroebis swori interpretireba mxolod amtkicebs balsamonis mosazrebas.
amasve iTxovda msoflio saeklesio kanonmdebloba, kerZod, karTagenis krebis
(419) 74-e muxlis Tanaxmad, `ucxo episkoposi ar unda dajdes ucxo eklesiis
saydarze~ (karT., 74-e kanoni), ratom unda darRveuliyo es kanoni qarTuli
eklesiis mimarT? maSasadame, aqedan gamomdinare, qarTvelebs ara ucxoeli
episkoposebi ahyavdaT eklesiis meTaurad, aramed maT saqarTveloSive
akurTxebdnen da Semdeg aZlevdnen eklesiis meTauris pativs.
IV s-is 80-ian wlebSi Seicvala saerTaSoriso viTareba, saqarTveloSi
gabatonda irani, iranSi ki, rogorc cnobilia, am droisaTvis arsebobda

Zlieri siriul-sparsuli qristianuli eklesia, rasac Tavisi gavlena

mouxdenia qarTuli eklesiis orientaciaze. Tanaxmad m. TarxniSvilisa, amas
unda gamoewvia CvenSi ori, prosparsuli da proberZnuli orientaciis
ierarqiis warmoSoba. maT meTaur episkoposebs, Cans, gavleniani adgili eWiraT
samefo karze vaxtang gorgaslis siWabukis dros (e.i. saeklesio
reformamde) erT-erTi darbazobis dros mefis gverdiT sagangebo taxtebze
dasves ori episkoposi364. isini ori saepiskoposo frTis meTaurebi unda
yofiliyvnen365.
m. TarxniSvilis mier moZiebuli wyaros Tanaxmad, 419 wels Catarebula
`siriul-sparsuli~
saeklesio
kreba
selevkiis
qtesifonSi
sparseTis
kaTalikosis mar-iah-balahis dros, romelSic monawileobas Rebulobdnen
`episkoposebi gurzanidan~, e.i. saqarTvelodan. es unda yofiliyo is
prosparsuli ierarqia, romelic ukve, Cans, arsebobda saqarTveloSi. `yvelaze
metad TvalSi sacemia krebis aqtebis ena. aqtebis mixedviT iahbalahi yvela iq
Sekrebili episkoposis kaTalikosia, igi `aRmosavleTis episkoposebis
meTaurad~ iwodeboda iezdigerdis mTel samefoSi~366. magram es unda
yofiliyo mxolod erTi jgufi qarTveli episkoposebisa. vaxtangis siWabukis
dros, rogorc cnobilia, bizantiis imperiam miitaca klarjeTi da
zRvispireTi, vidre cixe-gojamde. amis gamo qarTli ori imperiis gavlenis
arealSi mdebareobda, rac aisaxeboda saeklesio cxovrebaSi, mis ierarqiaSic.
Tavis mxriv, sakuTriv qarTlic orad yofila gayofili, kerZod, qvemo
qarTlsa da kaxeT-hereTSi, SesaZloa teritoriuli siaxlovis gamo, iranuli
orientaciis episkoposebi Warbobdnen.
Cveni fiqriT, Tormetma episkoposma, romlebic vaxtangma bizantiidan
Camoiyvana,
Secvala
qvemo
qarTlisa
da
kaxeT-hereTis
prosparsuli
orientaciis mqone episkoposebi. vaxtangis saeklesio orientacia iyo mkveTrad
bizantiuri, man anderZic ki daibara amis dasacavad. amitomac misTvis
prosparsuli ierarqia, qveynis ganTavisuflebis Semdeg miuRebeli iyo.
marTlac 12-ve axali episkoposi man dasva qvemo qarTlsa, kaxeT-hereTsa da
berZenTagan ganTavisuflebul klarjeTSi (es teritoria vaxtangma ukan
daibruna da, cxadia, iq Tavisi episkoposi dasva) _ `dasva erTi episkoposad
klarjeTs, eklesiasa axizisasa, erTi artaans eruSeTs, erTi javaxeTs, wundas,
erTi mangliss, erTi bolniss, erTi rusTavs, erTi ninowmidas, ujarmis karsa,
romeli gorgasalsa aeSena, erTi Werems... erTi CeleTs... erTi xornabujs da
erTi agaraks367.
rogorc cnobilia, sastiki winaaRmdegoba iyo mefesa da mTavarepiskopos
miqaels Soris. am faqts sxvadasxvagvarad xsnian istorikosebi, miiCneven, rom
maT
Soris
iyo
sarwmunoebrivi
dapirispireba.
mefe
vaxtangic
da
mTavarepiskoposi miqaelic diofizitebi iyvnen da maT Soris winaaRmdegoba
xelisuflebisaTvis brZoliT iyo gamowveuli.
saqme is iyo, rom qarTlsa da hereTSi gabatonebis Semdeg iranelebma
qveynis sammarTvelo da sasamarTlo Zalaufleba CamoarTves aznaurebs
(warCinebulebs) da gadasces samRvdeloebas (sasuliero wodebas). Tu rogor
xdeboda es sparselTa mier, kargad aqvs aRwerili arsen safarels somxuri
eklesiis istoriasTan dakavSirebiT. igi wers _ `somex aznaurTa xelisufleba
daeca marzapanis mier, kaTalikosebma da episkoposebma miiRes ufleba win
aRdgomodnen
aznaurTa
xelisuflebas.
samRvdeloebas
mieca
ufleba

mosaxleobisagan moekribaT xarki da gadaexadaT sparselebisaTvis, radganac

episkoposebsa da qorepiskoposebs miandes somxeTi, rogorc sparsTa mefobis
morCilebs. zogierTma kaTalikosma da episkoposma sparseTis mefeebi iSviles
da TavianTi Zeebi uwodes... (samRvdeloebma) miaRwies imas, rom samTavro
msajuleba TviT miitaces da kanonis samarTlisamebr ar iqceodnen. eklesiis
sakuTreba miiTvises da flangavdnen eriskacTa saCveneblad... saepiskoposoebi
gadaiqcnen qedismosaxrel adgilebad, sadac mividodnen xolme aznaurebi
(episkoposTa karze) da maT episkoposebi ar iRebdnen, Sercxvenili aznaurebi
ukanve brundebodnen, rogoradac marzapnis karidan. es didi Seuracxyofa
mouTmeneli iyo~368.
marTalia, zemoaRniSnuli istoria exeba somxeTis eklesias da arsen
safareli kargad aRwers, sparseTis Sahebma Tu rogor gadasces dapyrobil
somxeTSi saero xelisufleba somxur eklesias da es kanonieri ufleba
CamoarTves aznaurebs, e.i. saero xelisufalT. igive moimoqmedes sparselebma
saqarTveloSic, rogorc amas `moqcevai qarTlisai~ uCevnebs. IV s-is bolosa
da V s-is dasawyisSi, vaxtang gorgaslis gamefebamde arsebul mdgomareobas
mematiane ase aRwers: `da mere mefobda mirdat da mTavarepiskoposi iyo
glonoqor da es mTavarepiskoposi erisTavadca iyo barazbod pitiaxSisagan
qarTls da hereTs. da misa Semdgomad mefobda didi vaxtang gorgasali~369.
aq savsebiT naTlad aris aRwerili qveyanaSi Seqmnili viTareba: qarTveli
mefe nominaluri mmarTvelia, qveyanas faqtobrivad marTavs sparsi pitiaxSi,
romelmac `qarTlisa da hereTis erisTavad~ daniSna qarTuli eklesiis
meTauri _ mTavarepiskoposi. ras niSnavs es? Cans, imasve rac ufro adre
mezobel somxeTSi moxda, kerZod, qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs mieniWa qveynis
sammarTvelo (saero) ufleba igia erisTavi da mis xelSia qveyanaSi xarkis
mokrebis ufleba. esaa udidesi Zalaufleba, romelic moaklda qarTlis
aznaurebs da gadaeca qarTvel samRvdeloebas. ra Sedegi moitana aman? _
arseni safarelis sityvebs Tu moviSveliebT `sasulieroni (kaTalikosebi da
episkoposebi) win aRudgnen aznaurTa xelisuflebas mefis xelisuflebas...
eklesiis sakuTreba miiTvises da flangavdnen (e.i. `megvadruceebi~ anu
molareebi arian qristesi)... saepiskoposoebi gadaiqcnen qedis mosadrekel
adgilebad... episkoposebi maT (aznaurebs) ar iRebdnen da Sercxvenili
aznaurebi ukan brundebodnen~. swored ase moeqca mTavarepiskoposi miqaeli
vaxtang mefes maTi Sexvedris dros, mefe cxenidan CamoqveiTda, miuaxlovda
amxedrebul episkoposs, raTa mas mTxveoda fexze. miqaelma `gakra fexi, qoSis
qusli pirSi Caartya da mefes kbili Caumtvria~.
rogor moiqca Seuracxyofili mefe? Tumca Zlier surda, magram ar ikadra
mTavarepiskoposis dasja, mxolod sityviT mimarTa - `vercxlismoyvare xar
Sen, rameTu qristes megvadruce xar~.
vfiqrob am sityvis xmareba `megvadruce~ anu `fulis Semgrovebeli~,
miuTiTebs, rom am dros qarTvel samRvdeloebas jer kidev hqonda ufleba
moegrovebina mTel qveyanaSi xarki, albaT sparselTa, anda sakuTari qveynis
xazinaSi ASesatanad. yovel SemTxvevaSi, Cveni mematianis sityviT aSkaraa, rom
mefe vaxtangi da miqaeli erTmaneTs xelisuflebisTvis ebrZodnen1.
sabolood, rogorc cnobilia, vaxtangma Tavis laSqarze (`spaze~)
dayrdnobiT SeZlo moegvarebina eklesiasTan urTierToba, kerZod, man, Cans,
moSala sparselebis mier dadgenili wesi, eklesias CamoarTva saqveyno

mmarTvelobis ufleba da daubruna mas Tavisi kanonieri uflebani, romelnic

saeklesio krebaTa mier iyo dadgenili. am dros vaxtangisaTvis saWiro
yofila eklesiis iseTi didi avtoritetebi, rogorebic iyvnen bizantiis
imperiaSi arsebuli sapatriarqoebi. vaxtangma, Cans, qarTuli eklesia
gamoiyvana siriul-sparsuli saeklesio sferodan da Seiyvana igi bizantiur
saeklesio sferoSi. aq ar iglisxmeba iurisdiqcia. eklesiaSi Catarda udidesi
reforma,
kerZod,
aRdgenili
iqna
simfoniuri
urTierToba
qarTul
saxelmwifosa da erovnul eklesias Soris, romelic dairRva sparsTa
batonobis Sedegad.
maSasadame, mefe mirianis Semdeg eklesiasa da samefos Soris simfoniuri
urTierToba arsebobda sparselebis Semosevamde, e.i. IV s-is 80-ian wlebamde,
SemdegSi ki, vaxtang gorgaslis dros es darRveuli urTierToba, rogorc
aRiniSna, aRdga. am dros, rogorc specialistebi aRniSnavdnen, qarTul
eklesiaSi, iseve rogorc maxlobeli aRmosavleTis eklesiebSi (V-VI ss-Si),
gamoiyeneboda e.w. siriul-romauli samarTali, romelic SemdegSi dakargula
da vaxtang VI-s XVIII saukuneSi igi xelaxla uTargmnia. vaxtang gorgasalma,
rogorc viciT, SemoiRo kaTalikosoba.
`kaTalikozs mieca taxtad sveticxovlis taZari, iwodeboda kaTalikozad
mcxeTisa da iveriisa TiTqmis 1400 wlis ganmavlobaSi... kaTalikoz-patriarqi
mcxeTidan Tavisuflad ganagebda saqarTvelos saeklesio saqmeebs da angariSs
aravis aZlevda. kaTalikozis xelqveiTTa morCilTa Seqmnes samefo samefoSi,
rogorc Cans Zvel sigel-gujarebidan da vaxtang VI-is samarTlis wignidan, im
saxiTve, rogorc feodalebma dasavleT evropaSi. kaTalikozi iTvleboda
sulier meufed qveynisa. mefe da kaTalikozi erTnairi pativiTa da uflebiT
sargeblobdnen. Seuracxyofa kaTalikozisa udrida mefis Seuracxyofas. misi
Semdegi ierarqiis sasuliero wevrni gaTanabrebulni iyvnen saero ierarqiis
wevrebTan~371.
`gaZlierda da gavrcelda saero xasiaTi sasuliero wodebisa, amis
ganmarteba unda veZioT xalxis gadaWarbebul sarwmunoebriv midrekilebaSi
rogorc erTxel dasavleT evropaSi iyo~372. `saeklesio glexni Tavisufalni
iyvnen yoveli saero gadasaxadisagan~372.
`kaTalikozsa hyavda sakuTari mTavroba imave wesrigiT rogorc mefesa.
spasalarebs, aTasis Tavebs, asis Tavebsa da sxva moxeleT TviT kaTalikozi
niSnavda. omSi an Tavad kaTalikozi da episkoposni winamZRvrobdnen an
spasalarni, rogorc dro da garemoeba moiTxovda. calke jarebs agrovebdnen,
roca saWiro iyo episkoposni da monasterTa winamZRvarni da brZolis velze
gahyavdaT da maTTan erTad Rvridnen sisxlsa~373.
k.kekeliZis
TvalsazrisiT,
ar
SeiZleba
kaTalikosobis
SemoReba
davukavSiroT qarTuli eklesiis mier avtokefaliis mopovebas, igi ar
eTanxmeba am mxriv ivane javaxiSvils da wers: `prof. iv. javaxiSvili fiqrobs,
rom kaTolikozobis SemoReba arsebiTad iyo iberiis gaTavisufleba ucxo
eklesiaze damokidebulebisagan. `cnobilia is, rom aRmosavleTis qristianeTa
Soris `kaTalikozi~ damoukidebeli eklesiis mTavari episkopozi da
saWeTmpyrobelis aRmniSvneli wodeba iyo. maSasadame, vaxtang gorgaslisagan
saqarTveloSi kaTalikozobis daweseba qarTuli eklesiis damoukideblobis
dawesebad unda vigulisxmoT~, magram es Semcdari azria, kaTalikozobis
SemoRebas araferi cvlileba ar mouxdenia iberiis eklesiis Tavis ierarqiul-

kanonikur
damokidebulebaSi
da,
ase
vTqvaT,
saeklesioTaSoriso
mdgomareobaSi, sityva `kaTalikozi~ aris berZnuli sityva da realurad
niSnavs
iseT
episkopozs,
romelsac
gansazRvrul
teritoriaze
sxva
episkopozebi ufrosad icnoben. Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi am sityviT
aRiniSneba ara marto damoukidebeli eklesiis Tavi, aramed damokidebulebaSi
myofic, ufro xSirad mitropoliti... ase yofila ara marto qarTul
mwerlobaSi,
aramed
ucxo
mwerlobaSic
(somxeTSic
`mitropoliti~
iTargmneboda sityviT `kaTalikosi~), amnairad, Tu iberiis eklesiis Tavs
`kaTalikozi~ daerqva, ara imitom, rom is ierarqiulad gaTavisuflda ucxo
eklesiaze damokidebulebisagan, aramed imitom, rom ramdenime episkoposTa
Soris iberiaSi is Seiqmna ufrosi, pirveli episkopozi `sazogado~, saerTo
xelmZRvaneli yvela danarCenisa~374.
maSasadame, Tu es asea da sityva `kaTalikosis~ damkvidreba aRniSnavda ara
eklesiis avtokefaliis SemoRebas, aramed mxolod imas, rom am titulis
matarebeli episkoposi gadaiqca, ufros, pirvel, `sazogado~ pirvelierarqad,
maSin aRar unda ugulebelvyoT ruis-urbnisis krebis Zeglisweris, efrem
mcires `moqcevai qarTlisais~ WeliSuri redaqciis monacemebi, romelnic
sityva `kaTalikoziT~ moixsenieben qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs ukve IV
saukunidan _ mirian mefidanve.
wm. ninos `cxovrebis~ WeliSuri redaqciaSia: vaxtang gorgaslamde
`gardacvalebul iyvnes mefeni aTni da kaTalikozni cametni~; maSasadame, misi
avtoris TvalsazrisiT, qarTuli eklesiis meTaurebi iyvnen episkoposTa
Soris pirvelni, Tavni, `sazogadoni~, Tumca ki SesaZloa, es termini
`kaTalikozi~ marTlac V s-Si iqna SemoRebuli, magram am terminis
damkvidrebamdec pirvelierarqs sxva episkoposebTan SedarebiT pirveloba
hqonia
mopovebuli,
amitomac
unda
uwodebdes
avtori
IV
s-is
pirvelmRvdelmTavrebs _ `kaTalikozs~. aseve. amave TvalsazrisiT unda
xmarobdes efrem mcirec am termins _ qarTuli ekelsiis dafuZnebisTanave
pirvel ierarqs ukve hqonia tituli _ `kaTalikosi mTavarepiskoposi~, rac
Tavis TavSi gulisxmobs ramdenime saepiskoposo kaTedris arsebobas. efrem
mcire,
romelic
sagangebod
ikvlevda
qarTuli
eklesiis
kanonikur
urTierTdamokidebulebas
ucxo
eklesiebTan,
cxadia,
termin
`mTavarepiskopossa da kaTalikoss~ SemTxveviT ar ixmarda. eferm mcire Tavis
TzulebaSi `uwyeba mizezTa qarTvelTa moqcevisasa~ wers: _ `saxelica
movlinebulisa mis episkoposisa esreT povnil ars, viTarmed TviT evstaTi
iyo antioqieli patriarqi, romelman daamyara eklesia igi, mirianis mier
mcxeTas aRSenebuli da ukurTxa maT kaTalikosi mTavarepiskoposi~.
ruis-urbnisis wmida krebis `Zegliswerac~ aseve kaTalikozad e.i.
sazogado, sayovelTao episkoposad moixseniebs qarTuli eklesiis pirvelive
meTaurs: `TviT patriarqTa Soris saxelganTqmulman evstaTi [325-330] xeliTa
TvisiTa STadva safuZveli maSin sadme mcxeTas aRSenebulisa eklesiisa,
...ganwmida igi da xeldasxmul-yo mas Sina maTTvis episkopozi-kaTalikosi~375.
rogorc aRiniSna, sityva `kaTalikosis~ xmareba efrem mcires, `ruisurbnisis krebis~, `moqcevais~ WeliSuri redaqciis mier miuTiTebs, rom Zveli
qarTuli saeklesio istoriografiis TvalsazrisiT, saqarTvelos eklesiaSi
IV saukunidanve arsebobda ramdenime eparqia, ramdenime mmarTveli episkoposi,
romelTa Soris pirveli ijda mcxeTaSi, mas hqonia tituli sayovelTao

`mTavarepiskoposisa~, Tumca ki es termini `kaTalikosi~ SesaZloa mas

marTlac ar ewodeboda V saukunis Sua wlebamde.
k.kekeliZe, rogorc cnobilia, fiqrobda, rom vaxtang gorgaslis
saeklesio reformamde saqarTveloSi iyo erTi eparqia erTi episkoposiT,
amitomac, TiTqosda iqamde `CvenSi `mTavarepiskoposi~ ar yofila~376. wyaroTa
mudmiv Cvenebas, rom CvenSi V s. II naxevramde eklesiis meTaurs hqonda wodeba
`mTavarepiskoposi~, xsnis imiT, rom TiTqosda `moqcevai qarTlisai~
ganurCevlad xmarobs sityvas `episkoposi~ da mTavarepiskoposi~377. maSasadame,
Tu Cveni eklesiis meTauri ioane konstantinopolidan meored Camosvlis
Semdeg ixsenieba `mTavarepiskoposis~ tituliT da Semdeg erT momentSi kvlav
`episkoposad~ (mag., WeliSuri variantiT wmida ninom gardacvalebis wina
`Sehvedra iakob mRvdeli mefesa da episkopossa~), amitomac wyaros Cveneba
ioanes mTavarepiskoposobis Sesaxeb sando araa, magram ra vuyoT maSin efrem
mcires Cvenebas, romelic antioqiis patriarqs evstaTis _ `episkoposs~
uwodebs, rogorc zemoT moyvanili citatidanac Cans. cxadia, zogadi
TvalsazrisiT, patriarqica da mTavarepiskoposic _ episkoposebi arian,
amitomac mematianes sruli ufleba aqvs isini episkoposebad moixsenios
saWiroebis dros.
aqedan gamomdinare, mTlianad sandoa wyaroTa dabejiTebuli Cveneba, rom
CvenSi kaTalikosobis dawesebamde iyo ramdenime episkoposi, ganvixiloT erTerTi. magaliTad, mefe mirianma sikvdilis win `davedra episkoposTa, raTa
adidon dideba mis adgilisa~ (igulisxmeba wmida ninos samarxi378).
k.kekeliZe miiCnevs, rom `saqme gvaqvs cxad SecdomasTan, unda iyos
`episkoposi~ da ara `episkoposni~, rac Cans zmnisagan `davedra~ (da ara
`davedrna~)~379. k.kekeliZe cdeba, radganac gvaqvs ara erTi zmna `davedra~,
aramed meorec, romelic cxadad gadmocems mravlobiT formas _ esaa `adidon~
(`davedra episkoposTa, raTa adidon dideba mis adgilisa~), maSasadame aq saqme
ara gvaqvs SecdomasTan.
aseve TvalnaTelia meore magaliTic, indoeTidan dabrunebul vaxtang
mefes jer kidev kaTalikosobis dawesebamde Seegebnen qarTveli episkoposebi `warmovida vaxtang qarTlad da miegeba Ze misi daCi da mis Tana yovelni
spasalarni da maT Tana episkoposni~380.
k.kekeliZis azriT, iq igulisxmeba qristian episkoposTan erTad an
mazdeanebis `episkoposi~ an ufro sworad, ori qristiani episkoposi, erTi
eklesiis meTauri, meore saxlis, karis episkoposi~379.
Cveni
azriT
ki
aq
igulisxmeba
mTavarepiskoposi
miqaeli
sxva
episkoposebTan erTad, radganac gvaqvs sxva wyaroc, romelSic miqaeli Tavis
mravalricxovan episkoposebTan erTad aris moxseniebuli, esaa Txzuleba
`uwyeba petros mkawvrelisaTvis~, masSi naTqvamia, rom petre fuloni
patriarqi
antioqiisa,
romelmac
monofizitoba
gaavrcela
somxeTSi,
saqarTvelos sazRvrebTan movida, TavisTan miiwvia qarTlis mTavarepiskoposi
miqaeli, romelic marTlac mivida petre fulonTan, qvemo qarTlis mxares,
adgil `kangarTan~, Tavis episkoposebTan erTad, romelTac Caqoles
monofiziti patriarqi petre fuloni. `Seracxa maT simarTled kacis kvla
igi~. kerZod, wyaroSi naTqvamia _ `SeWura miqael sulman wmidaman... warmovida
mcxeTiT mis queSeTa episkoposTa da mRudelTa Tana da erisa morwmunisa da

moiwivnes queyanasa kangarisasa... maSin movida miqael kaTalikozi da

Tayuanisca winaSe saydrisa mis petros mkawvrelisasa... STamozidna Zlierad
da STamoiTria qveyanad, daakueTa da dasca qviTa... maSin yovelTa misTa
dakribes mis zeda qua da esre dazvines qviTa da mokles mgeli igi~381.
SesaZloa es wyaro, rogorc k.kekeliZe wers, marTlac mogvianebiT iyos
SeTxzuli, magram aqedan mainc Cans ZvalqarTuli saeklesio istoriografiis
Tvalsazrisi, rom vaxtang gorgaslis droindeli mTavarepiskoposi miqaeli
iyo mravali mis `queSe~ mdgomi episkoposis meTauri, sayovelTao maTTvis,
amitomac wyaro uwodebs kidec miqaels `kaTalikozs~, rogorc amonaridi
citatidan Cans.
ueWveli wyaroa agreTve vaxtang gorgaslis `cxovrebis~ cnoba, rom
siWabukisas vaxtangis mier mowveul TaTbirSi ori saepiskoposo taxti idga:
`mouwoda yovelTa warCinebulTa qarTlisaTa, da Semokribna yovelni qalaqad
da ganmzada mefeman saxli erTi da dajda saydarTa zeda maRalTa, xolo
juanSer spaspeti da ornive episkoposni dasxdes saydarsve da sxvani yovelni
erisTavni dasxdes selebiTa, da aTasis-Tavni da asis-Tavni da yovelni eri
warmodges ze~382.
k.kekeliZis azriT, am ori episkoposidan erTia mTeli eklesiis meTauri,
meore _ saxlis, karis episkoposi~383, Tumca SesaZleblad miiCnevs, rom es
meore aris mazdeanobis `episkoposi~.
vaxtangis matianedan Cans, rom orive episkoposi aris Tanabari Rirsebisa
erTmaneTis mimarT da, rac mTavaria, maTi Rirseba gaTanabrebulia spaspetis
pativTan, radganac mxolod es sami piri dajda `saydarzed~, anu maRal
skamebze, rangiT maTze dabali pativi aqvT erisTavebs, romelnic selebze
dasxes, xolo `aTasis-Tavebi~ da sxvani arc ki dasxes, isini TaTbirs fexze
mdgomni unda daswrebodnen. yvelasaTvis cnobilia, rom eklesiis meTauri
episkoposi da ueparqio _ karis episkopisi pativiTa da RirsebiT Tanabarni ar
arian, amitomac maT mefis win Tanabari pativiT ar dasxamdnen sagangebo
taxtebze, rogorc Cven gamokvleuli gvaqvs, aq unda igulisxmebodes
prosparsuli orientaciis samRvdeloebis (episkoposebis frTis) meTauri da
elinofiluri saepiskoposo frTis meTauri ori episkoposi. radganac
saxelmwifosa da eklesiaSi orive frTa Tanabrad iyo gaZlierebuli vaxtangis
siWabukisas, amitomac maT Tanabari pativi miages darbazobisas384.
wyaroebis
dabejiTebuli
mowmobiT,
kaTalikosobis
daarsebamdec
saqarTvelos eklesiaSi arsebobda ramdenime eparqia, Sesabamisi saepiskoposo
kaTedrebiT, romelTa Soris pirvels _ mTavarepiskoposis wodeba gaaCnda.
k.kekeliZis azriT, kaTalikosobis daweseba vaxtang gorgaslis mier
gamowveuli unda yofiliyo ara avtokefaliis mopovebiT, aramed qarTuli
eklesiis _ viTarca erTi eparqiis mraval eparqiebad dayofiT. Cveni azriT,
kaTalikosis
wodebis
SemoRebiT
vaxtang
gorgasals
surda
miqael
mTavarepiskoposis saxelisuflebo Zalis damxoba. vaxtangma, Cans, saeklesio
reforma ganaxorciela or etapad. pirvel etapze man daamarcxa prosparsuli
orientaciis episkopati da maTi meTauri binqarani, proberZnuli orientaciis
marTlmadidebeli miqael episkoposis daxmarebiT, meore etapze ki man
daamarcxa miqael mTavarepiskoposi _ masze rangiT meti `petre kaTalikosis~
bizantiidan SemoyvaniT. kaTalikos petres miqaelTan SedarebiT mefe uwodebs
_ `umTavress~ `gesma umTavresisa Senisa qarTlad moyvaneba... vercxlis moyvare

xar Sen, rameTu Senca megvadruce xar qristesi~, ase mimarTavs mefe
miqaels385.
rogorc zemoTaa aRniSnuli, vaxtangamde da mis saeklesio reformamde
kavkasiur qveynebSi sparseTis saxelmwifos nebiT eklesiis xelSi moeqca
saero xelisuflebis didi nawili, amitomac, rogorc iTqva, qarTuli
eklesiis meTauri glonoqori, qarTlisa da hereTis erisTavi, e.i. saero
uzenaesi xelisufali iyo. somxuri wyaroebis Tanaxmad ki, eklesiis xelSi
moeqca saxelmwifo Semosavlebis akrefis saqme. rogorc Cans, miqael
mTavarepiskopisis xelT iyo saxelmwifo gadasaxadebis mokrebis saqme, rac
Cans, qarTveli mefisaTvis, romelic sparsuli xelisfulebisagan Tavis
daRwevas cdilobda, miuRebeli iyo. swored amitom unda exmara mefes
miqaelis mimarT sityvebi `megvadruce~ da `vercxlismoyvare~. marTlac, Cveni
macxovris ieso qristes saZmoSi saerTo salaro ebara iudas, igi iyo
megvadruce. mefis azriT, aseve megvadruce anu Tanxis, salaros mepatronea
miqaelic _ `aRegzen SuriT viTarca iuda petresiTa, rameTu Sen xar viTarca
iuda, xolo eklesia _ viTarca petre~386.
bizantiaSi
da
mTel
maSindel
msoflioSi,
vaxtangis
Tvalwin
mimdinareobda
sapatriarqoebis
(samamamTavroebis)
warmoqmna
_
mcire
eklesiebis gaeTianebis gziT. Cans, amis gaTvaliswinebiT da msoflio
eklesiaSi arsebuli situaciis gamoyenebiT vaxtangma Semoiyvana petre viTarca
eklesiis `mamamTavari~ (rogorc `moqcevai qarTlisai~ uwodebs) sayovelTao
episkoposi axlad gaerTianebuli da gamTlianebuli qveynis masStabiT, igi
umTavresi unda yofiliyo miqaelzec. amiT, Cans, mefes surda SeezRuda anda
saerTod gaeuqmebina sparselTa mier danergili wesi _ eklesiis mier saero
xelisuflebis mniSvnelovani nawilis gangebisa, rasac miRwia mefem. iqamde ki,
reformis pirvel etapze, rogorc iTqva, mefem daamarcxa prosparsuli
orientaciis episkopati, swerda kidec amis Sesaxeb imperators _ `macduri
binqaran mivec sapyrobilesa da sikvdilisagan gardaixvewa. man ukue moiyvana
sparsni qarTlad da davsvi episkoposad miqael, kaci sarwmuno~387.
binqarani _ cxadia aris ara cecxlTayvanismcemeli, aramed qristiani
episkoposi, romlis nacvlad mefem dasva episkoposad miqaeli, rogorc es
konteqstidan Cans. binqaranis `cecxl-Tayvanismcemloba~ imiT gamoixateba, rom
prosparsuli, albaT siro-sparsuli saeklesio orientaciis episkoposia da
SesaZloa qristian-maniqevelTa frTasac ekuTvnoda.
mTlianad gasaTvaliswinebelia k.kekeliZis mosazreba, rom `kaTolikozis
tituli
TavisTavad
arc
damoukideblobis
momaswavlebelia
da
arc
damokidebulebisa~388, rom `kaTolikozobis SemoRebas araviTari cvlileba ar
mouxdenia iberiis eklesiis Tavis ierarqiul-kanonikur damokidebulebaSi da
ase vTqvaT saeklesiaTaSoriso mdgomareobaSi~.
k.kekeliZis
azriT,
qarTul
eklesias
vaxtang
gorgaslis
dros
avtokefalia ar moupovebia, amis damadasturebeli araviTari cnoba ar
arsebobs.
k.kekeliZis azriT, saqarTvelos eklesia konstantinopolis sapatriarqos
arasodes eqvemdebareboda, mis iurisdiqciaSi ar yofila: `miuRebelia is azri,
viTomc iberebi konstantinopolis eklesias daeqvemdebarnen, vinaidan im dros,
rodesac iberebma qristianoba miiRes, konstantinopolis sapatriarqo arc ki
arsebobda, is isaxeba IV s-is bolos, meore msoflio krebis Semdeg, da

sabolood Camoyalibda V s-is bolos IV msoflio krebaze, manamde ki

konstantinopolis episkoposi TviTon emorCileboda herakliis mitropolits
mcire
aziaSi~389
es
mosazreba
misaRebia.
Cvenc,
Cveni
mxriv,
mis
gansamtkiceblad moviyvaneT Cveni argumentebi390.
mTlianadaa gasaziarebeli k.kekeliZis meore mosazrebac, rom arc
daarsebisas _ IV saukuneSi da arc Semdgom _ V-VI saukuneebSi qarTuli
eklesia ar yofila antioqiis sapatriarqos iurisdiqciis qveS. k.kekeliZe
wers:
`eWvi
araa,
rom
VII
saukunemde
iberiis
eklesias
uSualo
damokidebulebiTi kavSiri antioqiasTan ar hqonia, arc erTi sando cnoba da
wyaro ar moipoveba iseTi, romelic adasturebdes aseT kavSirs. marTalia,
aseTi Tqmulebebi arsebobs, magaliTad evstaTi antioqielisa da vaxtang
gorgaslis drois Sesaxeb, magram es aris gamoZaxili mermindeli kavSirisa da
ara Tavdapirvelisa~391.
marTalac, dRemde arc erTi sando cnoba anda wyaro antioqiis
sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi qarTuli eklesiis yofnis Sesaxeb aRmoCenili ar
aris, amitomac mTlianad unda gaviziaroT jer kidev XI saukuneSi giorgi
mTawmindelis mier gamoTqmuli mosazreba, rom saqarTvelos eklesia arasodes
Sedioda antioqiisa da arc erTi sxva ucxo eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi, vinaidan
Tavidanve avtokefaluri iyo, viTarca sxva mociqulTa mier daarsebuli
eklesiebi Zvel msoflioSi (ix. `Teoriebi qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis
Sesaxeb392). es sakiTxi gamowvlilviT gvaqvs gaanalizebuli amave wignis
paragrafSi _ `antioqiis II saeklesio kreba~, romelSic iseve, rogorc
paragrafSi
`antioqiis
pirveli
saeklesio
kreba~
araa
gaziarebuli
k.kekeliZisa da sxvaTa mier gamoTqmuli mosazreba TiTqosda VII saukunis
Semdeg qarTuli eklesia Sevida antioqiis sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi.
rogorc v.goilaZem gaarkvia, efrem mciresa, nikon SavmTelisa da sxvaTa
cnobebi, rom antioqiis patriarqma Teofilaqtem VIII s-Si avtokefalia mianiWa
ara mcxeTis sakaTalikosos, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelos im nawils,
romelic
VII
s-is
Semdeg
Sevida
konstantinopolis
sapatriarqos
iurisdiqciaSi, xolo konstantinopolSi xatmebrZoluri eresis gamo gamovida
am sapatriarqos iurisdiqciidan da Seecada kanonikuri gziT moepovebina
Tavisufleba bizantiuri eklesiisagan, rasac miaRwia kidec VIII s-Si antioqiis
patriarq Teofilaqtes mier. es sakiTxi ganxiluli gvaqvs paragrafSi
`afxazeTis sakaTalikosos daarseba~393.
k.kekeliZis azriT, qarTuli eklesia daarsebisTanave, IV, V da VI
saukuneebSi - samasi wlis manZilze imyofeboda somxuri eklesiis
iurisdiqciis qveS. igi wers: `eWvmiutanelia isic, rom Tavdapirvelad, meoTxe,
mexuTe da meeqvse saukuneebSi, iberias somxebTan hqonda rogorc kulturuli,
ise ierarqiuli kavSiri, romelic Sewyda VII saukunis damdegs~394.
am azrs ar eTanxmeba iv.javaxiSvili da sxva mecnierebi395. es sakiTxi
ganxiululi gvaqvs aqve paragrafSi `dvinis saeklesio kreba~.
k.kekeliZis azriT, qarTulma eklesiam avtokefalia moipova XI s-Si, iqamde
igi VII saukunidan antioqiis sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi imyofeboda, xolo
IV-V
da
VI
saukuneebSi
somxur
eklesias
eqvemdebareboda
rogorc
kulturulad, ise ierarqiulad. es Tvalsazrisi CvenTvis miuRebelia, rac
ganxilulia aqve, Sesabamis krebaTa ganxilvis dros.

Cven gvainteresebs saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi IV-V saukuneebSi, am

dros qarTuli eklesiis samarTlis wyaros warmoadgenda ucxo eklesia da
misi dadgenilebebi Tu adgilobrivi saeklesio krebaTa gadawyvetilebani. k.
kekeliZis mosazrebiT: `iberiis eklesia maSin aRmocenda, rodesac msoflio
eklesiis organizacia sabolood Camoyalibebuli ar iyo, es meoTxe krebaze
moxda, maSin, IV saukunis naxevarSi mxolod safuZveli eyreboda am saqmes,
amitom calkeuli saeklesio erTeulebi, ufro ki imperiis gareSe, e.w.
`barbarosTa~ Soris, ganagrZobdnen arsebobas jer kidev `Zvelad miRebul
CveulebaTa~ mixedviT (III msof. krebis II kanoni). am `CveulebaTa
ZaliT,
rodesac erTi romelime eri meorisagan qristianobas miiRebda, saeklesiosarwmunoebriv saqmeSi misi xelmZRvanelobis qveS rCeboda, sanam TviT am erSi
ar Seiqmneboda iseTi pirobebi, romelnic SesaZleblad gaxdidnen iq
damoukidebels, uzrunvel cxovrebas. ase unda momxadriyo ueWvelad
iberiaSic.
Cvens
saistorio
mwerlobaSi
iberiis
saeklesiaTaSoriso
mdgomareobis Sesaxeb aseTi azria: qristianobis miRebidanve iberiis eklesia
sxva eklesias daemorCila da TandaTan saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi is
Tavisuflebas poulobda~396.
rogorc vxedavT, k.kekeliZis TvalsazrisiT, qarTuli eklesia ucxo
eklesias, somxurs, unda daqvemdebareboda III msoflio krebis II kanonis
ZaliT, romelSic naxsenebia winadadeba `Zvel CveulebaTa mixedviT~, TiTqosda
Zveli Cveulebis Zala aseT daqvemdebarebas moiTxovda. III msoflio krebis II
kanonSi msgavsi araferia naTqvami, aRniSnuli winadadeba Cven gvxvdeba II
msoflio krebis II kanonSi. es kanoni brZanebs: `warmarTTa Soris arsebuli
ucxo tomTa eklesiebi unda ganagon mamaTa mier dawesebuli Zveli kanonebis
mixedviT~397.
sinamdvileSi ra igulisxmeba `mamaTa mier dawesebul Zvel kanonebSi~ amis
gasarkvevad albaT gamodgeba II msoflio krebamde Catarebuli laodikiis
krebis 21-e kanoni, romelSic swored aRniSnuli winadadebaa naxsenebi: _
`episkoposi erTi samwysodan nu gadava sxva samwysoSi, nurc Tavisi nebiT,
nurc mrevlis iZulebiT, nurc episkoposTa nebiT, aramed darCes im eklesiaSi,
romelSic RvTis nebiT Tavidan iyo arCeuli da nu Seicvlis adgils mamaTa
mier adre miRebuli dadgenilebisamebr~397.
`didi sjulis kanonis~ xelnawerSi, laodikiis krebis 21-e kanonis qveS,
ganmartebulia
Tu
ra
igulisxmeba
`mamaTa
mier
adre
miRebul
dadgenilebebSi~, kerZod, xelnawerSi ganmartebulia _ mis arSiazea minaweri:
`nikeis me-16 kanons gulisxmobs~398.
nikeis I msoflio krebis rogorc me-15, ise me-16 kanoni sastikad krZalavs
erTi eparqiidan meoreSi sasuliero piris, maT Soris episkoposis gagzavnas,
kerZod, me-15 kanonSi naTqvamia: `wmida krebas miaCnia, sruliad moispos zog
mxareSi damkvidrebuli ukanono Cveuleba da qalaqidan qalaqSi ar
gadadiodes arc episkoposi, arc mRvdeli, arc diakoni. Tu vinmem am didi
krebis dadgenilebis Semdeg xeli mihyos aseT saqmes, sruliad daumtkicebeli
iyos mis mier mopovebuli da gadayenebul iqnes, ginda episkoposad iyos
xeldasxmuli da ginda mRdvlad~399.
am da sxva kanonebis ZaliT, Tuki vTqvaT somexTa kaTalikosma IV s-Si
Tavisi diakoni akurTxa sxva, kerZod, qarTuli eklesiis episkoposad,
daurRvevia nikeis krebis aRniSnuli kanonebi da igi unda gadaeyenebinaT,

maSasadame, `iob somexi~, romelic odesRac diakvnad yofila somxeTSi,

saqarTveloSi somexTa kaTalikoss ki ar dauyenebia episkoposad, aramed es
piri diakvnisave xarisxiT, Tavisi nebiT Camosula qarTlSi, aq ki igi Tavisi
piradi
damsaxurebis
gamo
qarTvel
episkoposebs
jer
ukurTxebiaT
episkoposad, Semdeg ki eklesiis meTauradac dausvams adgilobriv saxelmwifo
xelisuflebas. swored ase unda ganvixiloT nikeis krebis aRniSnuli kanoni,
sxvagvar qmedebas kreba krZalavs. TiTqmis igivea me-16 kanonic: `..Tu vinmem
sxvisi moyvasis gadmobireba da Tavis eklesiaSi xeldasxma gabedos im
episkoposis Tanxmobis gareSe, romlisganac kanonis mier ganCinebuli piri
wamosulia, daumtkicebeli iyos misi xeldasxma~400.
am kanonis ZaliT, iob diakons saqarTveloSi mosvlis dros Tan unda
hqonoda somexi kaTalikosis Tanxmoba, misi sxva eparqiaSi wasvlis nebarTva.
es
cxadia
ar
niSnavs,
rom
iobi
SemdegSic
somexTa
kaTalikoss
eqvemdebareboda. safiqrebelia, rom saqarTvelos eklesias episkoposTa kreba
warmarTavda, eklesiis meTauris, anu mTavarepiskoposis meTaurobiT, rogorc
amas moiTxovda nikeis krebis me-4 kanoni. episkoposTa krebis gareSe (e.i. Tuki
eklesiaSi ar iyo ramdenime episkoposi) aseTi eklesia arc ki CaiTvleba
eklesiad, anu `saeklesio samTavrod~ _ `episkoposi unda daadginos samTavros
yvela episkoposma~ (me-4 kanoni), anda `TiToeul samTavroSi weliwadSi orjer
Catardes episkoposTa kreba, rom mTeli samTavros episkoposTa saerTo
Sekrebaze aseTi sadavo saqme ganxilul iqnes~ (me-5 kanoni); Tuki qarTul
eklesiaSi mxolod erTi episkoposi iyo, rogorc k.kekeliZe wers, maSin igi
arc ki yofila organizaciulad Camoyalibebuli da mxolod sxva eklesiis
nawili yofila, radganac eklesiis arsebobas mxolod episkoposTa kreba
ganapirobebda.
`mamaTa mier dawesebuli Zveli kanonebi~, rogorc iTqva, naxsenebia meore
msoflio
krebis
me-2
kanonSi,
romelic
mtkiced
icavs
eklesiaTa
TavisTavadoba-avtokefalias: `...TiToeul samTavros (eparqias) ganagebs amave
samTavros kreba nikeaSi gansazRvruli kanonis Tanaxmad, xolo warmarTTa
Soris arsebuli ucxo tomTa eklesiebi unda ganagon mamaTa mier dawesebuli
Zveli kanonebis mixedviT~401. rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, imave kanonSi naTqvamia
_ `eklesiaTa keTilad ganmartebisa da mSvidobisaTvis arc erT episkoposs
ara aqvs ufleba gascdes Tavis eklesiis sazRvrebs da SeiWras sxva eklesiis
sazRvrebSi, raTa ar moaxdinos eklesiebis aRreva. kanonTa Tanaxmad
aleqsandriis episkoposi unda ganagebdes mxolod egviptis eklesiebs,
aRmosavleTis episkoposni unda ganagebdnen mxolod aRmosavleTis eklesiebs.
daculi unda iyos nikeis kanonebiT dawesebuli pativi antioqiis eklesiisa.
aziis soflebis episkoposni unda ganagebdnen mxolod aziis eklesiebs,
pontouli episkoposni unda ganagebdnen mxolod pontos eklesiebs, xolo
Trakiis episkoposni _ mxolod Trakiis eklesiebs. episkoposi ar unda gavides
Tavisi samrevlo eklesiis farglebidan xeldasxmisaTvis an sxva raime
saeklesio gangebisaTvis mowodebisagan an miwvevis gareSe~402.
aq
sruliad
gasagebadaa
naTqvami,
rom
saqarTvelos
mezoblad
avtokefaluri iyo pontos, Trakiis, `asiis~, `aRmosavleTis~ eklesiebi, Tu
aRaras vityviT, antioqiisa da aleqsandriis eklesiebze. II msoflio krebis
droisaTvis da mis Semdegac IV saukunesa da V saukunis dasawyisSi imperiaSi
mravali avtokefaluri eklesia arsebobda, rogorc cnobili kanonistebi s.

troicki da a. kartaSevi ganmartaven. amitomac, rogorc zemoT moyvanili

kanonebic uCveneben, swored is iyo akrZaluli, rac k.kekeliZis sityviT
TiTqosda CvenSi iyo damkvidrebuli: viTomda erTi ucxo eklesia ganagebda
meores da es ukanaskneli ki Tavs ver ixsnida. meoTxe saukuneSi aseTi
urTierTdamokidebuleba akrZaluli iyo. mxolod Semdgom, rogorc ganmartavs
a.kartaSevi, kerZod, ki V saukunis Semdeg, did sapatriarqoTa Camoyalibebis
kvaldakval imperiaSi iqamde arsebuli 100-ze meti avtokefaluri eklesiis
gaerTianebis Sedegad imperiaSi Camoyalibda 6 avtokefaluri eklesia _
konstantinopolis,
aleqsandriis,
antioqiis,
ierusalimis,
romisa
da
kviprosisa403.
radganac IV-V saukuneebSi imperiaSi arsebobda mravali avtokefaluri
eklesia, romelTa avtokefaliasac icavda saeklesio kanonebi, saqarTvelos
eklesiac ar unda yofiliyo gamonaklisi da igi iseTive uflebebis
matarebeli unda yofiliyo, rogorc sxva mociqulTa mier daarsebuli
eklesiebi qristianul msoflioSi, rogorc amas miuTiTebs wmida giorgi
mTawmideli. amitomac saeklesio samarTlis wyaros adgilobrivi saeklesio
ierarqia da saxelmwifo xelisufleba warmoadgenda da, Sesabamisad, misi
samarTlis wyaro ar yofila konstantino-poleli an antioqieli ierarqebis
dadgenilebani, igi imarTeboda msoflio eklesiaSi imJamad arsebuli
kanonebis mixedviT.

2. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi dvinis krebidan ruis-urbnisis krebamde (VI-XI)

VI saukuneSi udidesi mniSvnelobis gardatexa moxda saqarTvelos
politikur da saeklesio cxovrebaSi, kerZod, dasustda da TandaTanoboT
gauqmda erovnuli saxelmwifoebrioba, saqarTvelo sparseTis da bizantiis
xeldebul teritoriebad gadaiqca. farnavazian-xosroianTa aTaswlovani
qarTuli samefo dinastia sparselTa mier idevneboda. VII saukuneSi es
dinastia kvlav idevneboda ukve arabTa mier. qarTuli saxelmwifoebrioba
sabolood moiSala. centraluri xelisufleba Zalze dasustda, moiSala
saero-administraciuli
mmarTveloba
kuTxeebSic.
gaCnda
xelisuflebis
deficiti, ramac cxadia samarTlebriv qaossa da ganukiTxaobas Seuwyo xeli.
am dros, samarTlebrivi TvalsazrisiT, qarTulma eklesiam miiRo axali
funqciebi.
igi
Seecada
wesierebis,
samarTlisa
da
wesrigis
kerad
gadaqceuliyo adgilebze, calkeul saepiskopoebsa da mxareebSi. VIII-IX
saukuneebSi qarTul eklesiis saero sammarTvelo Tvisebebi gansakuTrebiT
gamoikveTa.
amis Sedegia is uCveulo samarTlebrivi Tvisebebi, romlebic daaxasiaTa
ivane javaxiSvilma: `saqarTvelos eklesias saxelmwifo cxovrebasa da weswyobilebaSi gansakuTrebuli upiratesobani hqonda mopovebuli, msgavsad

romis eklesiisa. amiT igi ara mxolod saeklesio dawesebuleba iyo, aramed
saxelmwifoebrivi sxeulisa da saxelmwifoebrivi erTeulis Tvisebebis mqone.
Cveni eklesiis aRniSnul ufleba-upiratesobaTa Sesaxeb cnobebis miReba
mxolod sigel-gujrebidan SeiZleba. am sabuTebSi mravali cnoba exeba
saqarTvelos eklesiis kaTalikos-patriarqis centraluri sammarTvelos
organizacias~404.
ivane javaxiSvilis sityviT, saqarTvelos eklesias Tavisi marTva-gamgeoba
mowyobili hqonda `saxelmwifo marTva-gamgeobis wesebze~. qarTul eklesias
hqonda Tavisi sasamarTlo, Tavisi ekonomikuri politika, hyavda sakuTari
jari da Tavisi ymebi, amasTanave, moepoveboda saxelmwifo marTva-gamgeobis
wesebze mowyobili moxeleoba, amitom bevris mxriv saxelmwifoebrivi sxeulis
Tvisebebi etyoboda405.
mecnieris sityviT, qarTuli saeklesio samarTali warmonaSobia qarTuli
eklesiis, viTarca saxelmwifoebrivi sxeulis yofa-cxovrebidan, am mxriv,
qarTuli saeklesio samarTali ufro miagavs romis eklesiis `Corpus uris
caninici~-s, vidre berZenTa da rusTa saeklesio samarTals, aseve, msgavsad
amisa, qarTuli eklesia Tavisi wes-wyobilebis bevri TvisebiT ufro romis
saSualo saukuneebis eklesias miagavda, vidre erTmorwmune berZenTa da
rusTa eklesiebs406.
qarTuli saeklesio samarTali maSin daemgvana dasavlurs, roca romis
eklesia marTlmadidebluri aRmsareblobisa iyo VII-X saukuneebSi. kidev
erTxel gadavxedoT, Tu rogori politikuri viTareba iyo saqarTveloSi VIIX ss-ebSi. am dros saqarTvelo viTarca erTiani qveyana ar arsebobda, igi
daSlili iyo teritoriebad, calkeul kuTxeebad, romlebSic, mxolod VIII-IX
saukuneebSi daiwyo formireba kuTxurma qarTulma saxelmwifoebrivma
erTeulebma afxazTa, qarTvelTa, kaxTa da herTa samefoebis saxiT,
politikur-administraciuli centri Tbilisi arabTa saamiros dedaqalaqad
iyo gadaqceuli, qvemo qarTlSi monofizituri somxuri eklesiis gabatonebis
Sedegad

e.w.
`somexTa
samefo~
(taSir
Zoraketisa)
Camoyalibda.
axalCamoyalibebul qarTul saxelmwifoebriv erTeulebze Tavisi didi
samarTlebrivi gavlena moipova qarTulma eklesiam. amis erT-erT mkafio
magaliTad, romelsac qvemoT SevexebiT, migvaCnia qorepiskoposTa saeklesio
institutis mier kaxeT-hereTis samefos formirebaSi gaweuli udidesi Rvawli,
agreTve serapion zarzmelis cxovrebaSi moxmobili faqti imisa, rom samcxis
episkoposma giorgim daawynara Tavis eparqia _ samTavroSi didebulTa Soris
atexili mravalwliani dava, samarTlebrivi sasjeli daado didebulebs (TviT
mamulebis
CamorTmeviTac
ki)
da
uwesrigobasa
da
qaosSi
Caflul
mosaxleobaSi daamyara wesrigi `dascxres, dadumnes SfoTni da uwesrigobani~.
imJamindel zogierT marTmadidebel qveyanaSic aseve moipova eklesiam
uzenaesi samarTlebrivi funqcia, kerZod, rogorc v. cipini wers `Sua
saukuneebSi evropul dasavleTSi kaTolikuri eklesiis wiaRSi, nawilobriv
netari avgustines Txzulebis `saRmrTo qalaqis~ gavleniTac `ori maxvilis~
doqtrina Seiqmna, romlis mixedviTac orive xelisufleba _ saeklesioc da
saxelmwifoc, erTi uSualod, meore ki SuamavlobiT, romis eklesiidan
momdinareobs. Sua saukuneebis saero xelmwifeni papis vasalebad iTvlebodnen.
papebi TavianT Tavs ara mxolod imperatorebisa da mefeebis kurTxevis, aramed
maTi taxtidan Camogdebis uflebasac ki aZlevdnen. kaTolikuri doqtrinis

ganviTarebam papebis saero principatisa da maTi saeklesio da saero

xelisuflebis absoluturobis Sesaxeb xeli Seuwyo im garemoebas, rom Sua
saukuneebis dasavleTis pirveli imperatori karlos didi, bizantieli
basilevsebisagan gansxvavebiT, romaeli imperatorebis pirdapiri memkvidre ar
iyo, saimperatoro gvirgvini papma daadga ra, misi saxiT, rogorc mraval
`barbaros~ mefeTagan erT-erTs, romis imperatoris tituli mianiWa.. saero
xelmwifeTa winaaRmdeg brZolebSi papebis mZlavri iaraRi interdati iyo,
romelic ama Tu im qveyanaSi RvTismsaxurebis Sesrulebas manamde krZalavda,
sanam qveSevrdomebi papis mier gankveTil TavianT monarqs ar Camoagdebdnen,
magram TavianT prioritetis dasacavad papebi da kaTolike episkoposebi
SeiaraRebuli Zalis gamoyenebasac mimarTavdnen, Sedegad kaTolikuri
eklesiis etatizireba moxda, papebi sruluflebiani monarqebi iyvnen italiis
mniSvnelovani nawilis, e.w. papis olqisa, romlis naSTsac Tanamedrove
vatikani warmoadgens. mravali episkoposi (gansakuTrebiT, germaniaSi) Tavadi
iyo,
romelTac
TavianT
teritoriaze
xelisuflebasa
da
jarze
saxelmwifoebrivi iurisdiqcia hqondaT brZolebSi sxva episkoposebis,
hercogebis, markgrafebis, damoukidebeli qalaqebis, mefeebis da TviT
imperatorebis winaaRmdegac ki winamZRolebad gamodiodnen407.~
saqarTvelos eklesia, rogorc aRiniSna, VI-X saukuneebSi, imyofeboda
gansakuTrebul pirobebSi. VI saukunis Semdeg, moryeuli saxelmwifoebriobis
dros, maSin, roca kanonierebis da marTlwesrigis damcvels saxelmwifo aRar
warmoadgenda, xolo, Semoseuli mteri ver amyarebda wesrigs, piriqiT, iwvevda
samarTlebriv qaoss, kuTxeebsa da olqebSi saero didkacebi araTu icavdnen
samarTalsa da kanonierebas, aramed erTmaneTs samkvdro-sasicocxlod
ebrZodnen. amis gamo, rogorc Cveni samarTalmcodneebi weren, sazogadod
mTel
qveyanaSi,
kerZod
ki
tao-klarjeTis
`samTavroSi
sasuliero
xelisufleba didi avtoritetiT sargeblobda da did Zalas warmoadgenda
qveynis cxovrebaSi. am dros, sasuliero xelisufleba cdilobs kidec
upiratesobis cxovrebaSi. am dros, sasuliero xelisufleba cdilobs kidec
upiratesobis mopovebas saeroze~1. m. lorTqifaniZis azriT, ara mxolod taoklarjeTSi, aramed mTel qveyanaSi (saqarTveloSi) - `eklesia did Zalad
iqceva, is, saerTod, qveynis mmarTvelobis xelSi Cagdebas lamobs. Widili
saeklesio da saero-samoqalaqo xelisuflebas Soris, sabolood ukanasknelis
gamarjvebiT mTavrdeba~408. afxazTa samefoSic eklesias didi Zala unda
hqonoda mopovebuli. araa SemTxveviTi, rom konstantinopolis patriarqma
nikoloz mistikosma werilobiT sTxova giorgi mefes daecva bizantielebTan
megobrobis siwmide409.
ivane javaxiSvili `bagrat kurapalatis samarTlis wignis~ ganxilvis
dros aRniSnavs, rom bagratis samarTlidan aRbuRas kanonebSi Setanili aris
zogierTi muxli. magaliTad, `meore mefe episkoposi aris da qristianTa
sjulisa damamtkicebeli~ (iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani 12 tomad, tomi VI,
1982, gv. 88). am muxlebis ZiriTadi nawili umefobis dros, kerZod, VII-IX
saukuneebSia
Sedgenili.
`am
muxlebSi
episkoposi
da,
sazogadod,
samRvdeloeba srul batonadaa gamoyvanili, maT winaaRmdeg mefe uZluria,
araferi SeuZlia, amitom samive es muxli (101, 102, 103-e aRbuRas samarTlisa)
iseT xanas unda ekuTvnodes, roca samRvdeloeba saqarTveloSi sruli batoni
iyo da saero mTavrobaze maRla eWira Tavi, ese igi daviT aRmaSeneblis

uwinaresi xanisa unda iyos. swored am dros iyvnen monazvnebi batonad da

mTavris mowvevis baraTze pasuxad SeeZloT SeeTvalaT, bers SenTan `ara
hnebavs mosvlao...~ am dros beri-arqimandriti imdenad Zlieri iyo, rom
Tavisuflad mefes satrfos arTmevda, monasterSi hketavda, aseT xanaSi
daadgendnen: `rac unda Sescodos episkoposma, moZRvarma, mRvdelma Tu
monazonma mefeso, mainc xeli ar axloTo, imitom rom meore mefe episkoposi
aris, arca mefesa sjulisa saqme aqvso~410. iv. javaxiSvilis azriT, aRniSnuli
kanonebi `ufro IX saukunis sazogadoebrivi azris gamomxatvelia. kanonTa es
muxlebi TiTqos ufro bagrat I kurapalatis droindeli gamodis~411.
`n. maris azriT, bizantiaSi xatmebrZolobis epoqaSi `erT mxares idgnen
umaRlesi saero moxeleebi da episkoposebi, romelnic imis momxreni iyvnen,
rom imperators Tvalyuri edevnebina eklesiisaTvis da waremarTa kidec misi
saqmianoba, xolo meore mxares idgnen berebi... isini im mosazrebiT
xelmZRvanelobdnen, rom saero xelisufleba ar unda ereodes sasuliero
wodebis saqmeSi. es mimarTuleba damarcxda bizantiaSi. saqarTveloSi,
mesxeTSi ki, piriqiT, n. maris azriT, gaimarjva meore mimarTulebam. aq,
eklesiis
meTaurebi
`Zlier
Zalad
grZnoben
Tavs
da
eklesiis
damoukideblobas saero xelisuflebisagan gaSmagebiT icavdnen~412.
g.
nadareiSvilis
azriT,
maSindel
mesxeTSi
sasuliero
pirebi,
gansakuTrebiT, berebi, did Zalas warmoadgendnen, arcTu iSviaTad, isini
Tavis damoukideblobas saero xelisuflebis winaSe warmatebiT usvamdnen
xazs. giorgi merCules moTxrobili aqvs, Tu rogor SeZlo klarjeTis
udabnoTa arqimandritma grigol xanZTelma guaram mamfalis survilis
winaaRmdeg arsenis kaTalikosad datoveba. saba iSxneli bagrat kurapalatis
mier weriliT dabarebuli urCobas iCens da ar cxaddeba mis winaSe...
sasuliero pirebi, araiSviaTad, saeklesio xelisuflebis saxelmwifo
xelisuflebis winaSe upiratesobasac ki usvamdnen xazs. isini TiTqos
Teoriuladac asabuTebdnen samRvdeloebis upiratesobas, saero mTavrobasTan
SedarebiT~412.
n. mari werda: `Zvel saqarTveloSi saero da sasuliero Zala-uflebis
erToba warmoadgenda udavo faqts~413. eklesiis xelSi saero da sasuliero
Zalauflebis Tavmoyris tradiciul gadmonaSTad n. mars miaCnda WyondidelmwignobarTuxucesis
Tanamdeboba.
moZRvarTa
instituts
iseTive
didi
mniSvneloba hqonda saqarTveloSi, rogoric vardapets somxeTSi.
gansakuTrebiT kargad Cans eklesiis avtoriteti da Zala kaxeTis
samTavros (samefos) Camoyalibebis saqmeSi. am dros eklesia faqtobrivad
marTavda kaxeTs qorepiskoposis institutis meSveobiT. `kaxeTis saeklesio
ierarqiaSi arsebobs qorepiskoposis Tanamdeboba. qorepiskoposi Tavis
Tavdapirveli
SinaarsiT
sofluri
dasaxlebis,
mxaris
episkoposis
xelisuflebis gamtareblad gamodis, wanarTa qorepiskoposma Cans, TandaTan,
feodalizaciis procesis Sesabamisad miitaca saero xelisufleba, saero da
sasuliero xelisuflebis erTi piris xelSi gaerTianebis aseTi tradicia
ucxo ar aris saqarTvelos mTianeTis mosaxleobisaTvis. niSandoblivia, rom
es tendencia xevis mosaxleobasac axasiaTebs, rac amjerad gansakuTrebiT
sainteresoa, radgan wanarTa Tavdapirveli sacxovrisi, rogorc cnobilia,
swored am raionSia sagulvebeli. wanarTa politikur eqspansias wanarTa
qorepiskoposis kaxeTis mmarTvel qorepiskoposad transformacia mohyva

Sedegad~414.
sasuliero
xelisufali
qorepiskoposi
kaxeTSi
gadaiqca
uvrcelesi samefos (samTavros) saero mmarTvel uzenaes xelisuflad. Tumca
ukve IX saukunisaTvis, rogorc fiqroben, mas daukargavs sasuliero funqcia
da mxolod saero darCenia. sasuliero xelisufali _ kaxeTis saero mTavrad
gadaiqca415.
msgavseba, romelic ivane javaxiSvilma SeniSna, dasavlur (evropul) da
qarTul eklesiaTa Soris am mxriv saxezea, magram aqve isic unda aRiniSnos,
rom swored aRniSnul epoqaSi, anu VII-VIII saukuneebSi bizantieli
imperatorebi da, maSasadame, saero xelisufleba mwvaleblebi (ZiriTadad,
xatmebrZolebi)
iyvnen,
devnidnen
marTlmadidebel
eklesias,
amitomac
bizantiaSi eklesia araTu saero xelisuflebis SeTvisebis, piriqiT, devnis
procesSi iyo. misi eklesiuri xelisuflebac ki dasustebuli iyo. piriqiT,
saimperatoro xelisufleba cdilobda sasulieros miTvisebasa da masze
gabatonebas.
bizantiuri azrovnebis Tanaxmad, maTi qveyana warmoadgenda imave romis
imperias, xolo bizantieli imperatorebi Zveli romaeli imperatorebis
pirdapir memkvidreebs, aqedan gamomdinare, maT hqondaT uzenaesi uflebebi
rogorc saero, ise sasuliero xelisuflebis mimarT, da hqondaT Sesabamisi
titulaturac. aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTveloSic Seiqmna doqtrina, romlis
mixedviTac axali qarTuli samefo dinastia bagrationebisaO (aRzevebuli Cans
qarTuli eklesiis xelSewyobiT) miiCneoda daviTis (israelis cxebuli mefis)
memkvidred. qarTuli eklesiis udidesi moZRvari grigol xanZTeli ase
mimarTavs am dinastiis fuZemdebels - `daviT winaswarmetyvelisa da uflisa
mier cxebulisa Svilad wodebulo xelmwifeo, mefoba da saTnoebanica misi
dagimkvidren qristeman RmerTman, romlisaTvisca amas mogaxseneb, ara
moakldes mTavroba SvilTa SenTa da naTesavTa maTTa qveyanaTa amaT
ukunisamde JamTa, aramed iyvnen igini mtkiced ufrois kldeTa myarTa da
mTaTa saukuneTa da didebul iyvnen ukunisamde~416. am formuliT bagrationma
mefeebma (IX saukuneSi) Tavisi adgili moipoves saeklesio samarTlis sferoSi.
qarTvel bagrationTa `qristes naTesaobisa~ da `daviTis Zeobis~ Sesaxeb
icodnen bizantiaSic, rogorc iuwyeba konstantine porfirogeneti.
qarTuli doqtrinis Sesabamisad, saxelmwifo da saeklesio xelisuflebis
wyaro ufalia, bagrationebi uflis cxebulis Svilad wodebulebi arian,
eklesiis Tavi ki ufalia. eklesia misi qveyniuri nawilia, aqedanaa qarTuli
simfonia saxelmwifosa da eklesias Soris. eklesia da saero xelisufleba
saqarTveloSi
simfoniur
kavSirSi
iyvnen.
saqarTvelos
eklesia
iyo
damoukidebeli, avtokefaluri, mas ar hyavda e.w. kiriarqaluri eklesia, anu
eklesia, romelsac igi emorCileboda, aqedan gamomdinare, misTvis ar idga
saWiroeba romelime ucxo eklesiis patriarqs, krebaTa dadgenilebas Tu
sinods damorCileboda, aResrulebina maTi dadgenilebani, Tumca ki cxadia
saqarTvelos eklesia xelmZRvanelobda imave sjuliskanoniT, romliTac
marTlmadidebluri bizantiuri eklesiebi. saqarTvelos eklesiis saeklesio
kanonikuri samarTlis wyaros warmoadgenda sakuTari eklesiis krebaTa da mis
meTaurTa dadgenilebani417.
cxadia, saqarTvelos eklesias arc erTi ucxo patriarqi da arc bizantiis
imperatori ugzavnida sagangebo sigelebs, mimarTuls qarTuli saeklesio
sakiTxebisadmi.

ruis-urbnisis krebamde da mis Semdgomac qarTuli eklesiis saeklesio

samarTlis wyaros warmoadgenda saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebi da sxva
adgilobrivi wyaroebi, dadgenilebani.
amis dasturi aris javaxeTSi
mowveuli saeklesio kreba, romelmac sruliad damoukideblad gadawyvita
Cveni eklesiis iseTi mniSvnelovani saeklesio-kanonikuri sakiTxi, rogoricaa
misi meTauris kaTalikosis gamorCeva da misi aRsaydreba.
rogorc cnobilia, bizantiis imperiaSi, bizantiuri samarTlebrivi
Tvalsazrisis Sesabamisad, imperatorTa Zalaufleba vrceldeboda yvela
marTlmadidebel xalxze, miT umetes TviTon bizantiur eklesiebze418.
saqarTveloSi am bizantiur Tvalsazriss ar aRiarebdnen, marTalia, did
pativs miagebdnen bizantiis imperators, magram saqarTveloSi msgavsi
uflebebi eniWeboda saqarTvelos mefesa da darbazis kars, romelic (es
ukanaskneli) scemda kidec, mematianeTa sityviT, eklesiaTa mimarT Sesabamis
wesebs (es sakiTxi Semdgom paragrafSia ganxiluli). saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi
qarTuli eklesia did winaaRmdegobas uwevda bizantiel imperatorebs.
magaliTad, roca bizantiis imperatori basili II bulgarTmmusvreli Semovida
saqarTveloSi bizantiuri TvalsazrisiT samarTlebrivi saqmis daviT
kurapalatis anderZis aRsasruleblad, rasac mohyva bizantielTa mier
samxreT saqarTvelos okupacia, qarTulma eklesiam udidesi winaaRmdegoba
(Zalismieri samxedro) gauwia momxvdurebs da imperatoris winaaRmdeg
samamulo oms Caudga saTaveSi, kerZod, qarTveli episkoposebi: saba mtbevari
da ezra anCeli. es ise moulodneli iyo, rom bizantiis umaRlesi wreebi
(rogorc saero, ise sasuliero) qarTuli eklesiis winaaRmdeg ganewyvnen
imdenad, rom qarTvelTa `marTlmadideblobaSic~ ki eWvi Seitanes, bizantiaSi
mcxovrebi qarTveli moqalaqeebisa da gansakuTrebiT ki bizantiaSi arsebuli
qarTuli monastrebis berebis ukiduresi devna daiwyes (aTonis iverTa
monasterSi, antioqiasa da sxvagan)419.
amJamindel
saeklesio
samarTalSi
arsebobs
orgvari
Sefaseba
TviTmpyrobeli imperatoris rolisa. pirveli _ amJamad ufro aRiarebuli
Tvalsazrisis Tanaxmad, imperatorebis (ruseTSi mefeebis) mier eklesiis
meTauroba, Tuki aseTi gamonaklisi arsebobda, miiCneva e.w. `cezaro-papizmad~
da miuReblad. meore Tvalsazriss aviTarebdnen revoluciamdeli rusi
samarTalmcodneebi (amJamad ki ZirTadad `sazRvargareTis rusuli eklesiis~
Teologebi), romlis mixedviTac bizantiel da maT `memkvidre~ rus
imperatorebs ekisrebodaT udidesi zedamdgomlobiTi uflebebi eklesiis
mimarT.
bizantieli
kanonistebi
monarqis
sakanonmdeblo
uflebas
Zalze
afarToebdnen. oxrideli arqiepiskoposi dimitri xomatini (XIII s.) werda _
`imperatori, romelic iwodeba da aris saeklesio wesrigis umaRlesi mcveli,
saeklesio krebaTa dadgenilebebze ufro maRla dgas, da aZlevs maT Zalasa
da amoqmedebis unars. igia winamZRoli saeklesio ierarqiisa, kanonmdebeli
samRvdeloTa qcevebisa, mas ufleba aqvs gadawyvitos mitropolitTa,
episkoposTa da samRvdeloTa Soris arsebuli kamaTi, da agreTve vakantur
saepiskoposo adgilebze daniSnos. SeuZlia saepiskoposo kaTedrebis amaRleba,
aiyvanos episkoposebi mitropolitTa doneze. erTi sityviT, liturgiisa da
xeldasxmis uflebaTa garda, imperatori Tavis TavSi aerTianebs episkoposTa
yvela sxva upiratesobas, amitomac mis dadgenilebebs kanonis Zala aqvT420.

balsamoni aseve aRiarebda imperatoris did uflebebs saeklesio saqmeTa

mimarT: `imperatorebi, rogorc patriarqebi, pativcemuli unda iqnen wmida
mironiT cxebis gamo. aqedan gamomdinareobs ufleba imperatorebisa, aswavlon
qristian xalxs da mRvdelmTavarTa msgavsad akmion eklesiaSi... imperatorTa
Zala da qmedeba vrceldeba qveSevrdomTa sulebsa da sxeulebze, maSin, roca
patriarqi mxolod sulieri meTauria~421.
Tu balsamonis am azrs SevadarebT gansaxilveli epoqis moRvawe wmida
grigol xanZTelis wiaRidan gamosuli episkoposebis Tvalsazriss samefo
xelisuflebis Sesaxeb, arsebiT sxvaobas davinaxavT: VIII s-is II naxevarsa da
IX s-is dasawyisSi iSxneli episkoposi bagrat kurapalats uSiSrad eubneba:
`didebulo mefeo, Sen qveyanisa xelmwife xar, xolo qriste zecisa da
qveynisa da qvesknelTa. Sen naTesavTa amaT mefe xar, xolo qriste yovelTa
dabadebulTa. Sen warmavalTa amaT JamTa mefe xar, xolo qriste saukuno
meufe da sruli hgies ucvalebeli, uJamo, dausabamo, dausrulebeli meufe
angelozTa da kacTa da ufrois Sensa jer ars smena sityvaTa misTa!~422.
kidev erTxel aRvniSnavT, balsamoni saero xelmwifis (imperatoris)
Sesaxeb werda: `imperatoris Zala da qmedeba vrceldeba qveSevrdomTa
sulebsa da sxeulebze, maSin roca patriarqi mxolod sulieri meTauria~,
qarTveli saba iSxneli episkoposis TvalsazrisiT, piriqiT xelmwife
mxolod qveyniuri mefea, magram WeSmariti mefea qriste (e.i. misgan saeklesio
xelisufleba), romelic sulis da xorcis (angelozTa da kacTa) meufea.
aqedan
Cans,
rom
qarTuli
saeklesio
samarTali
memkvidrea
pirvelqristianuli samociqulo eklesiis samarTlisa da amitomac ramdenadme
TavisTavadia bizantiuris mimarT. aq albaT gasaTvaliswinebelia bizantiuri
saxelmwifos damokidebuleba eklesiis mimarT gansaxilvel xanaSi, kerZod,
VIII-IX saukuneebSi. am dros, rogorc cnobilia, bizantiuri eklesia
dasustebuli iyo, imperatorebi ZiriTadad xatmebrZolebi iyvnen da
SeuzRudavad cdilobdnen saeklesio saqmeTa marTvas, maSin, roca qarTuli
eklesia
SedarebiT
gaZlierebuli
iyo
arabTa
mier
qarTuli
saxelmwifoebriobis moSla-dasustebis gamo. xatTayvanismcemluri qarTuli
eklesia qveynis qristiani mosaxleobisaTvis marTlwesrigisa da samarTlis
kerad iqca. qarTuli eklesiis xelSi im droisaTvis Tavs iyrida ara mxolod
sasuliero, aramed nawilobriv saero xelisuflebac, ramac asaxva pova
qarTuli saeklesio samarTlis Zeglebzec gansaxilveli periodisa (es
sakiTxi ganxilulia qvemoT paragrafebSi `mwignobarTuxucesi~ da sxv.). erTerT aseT magaliTs, rogorc aRvniSneT, iZleva serapion zarzmelis cxovrebis
avtori: saero (samefo) xelisuflebis uZlurebis gamo mravalwlovani dava,
romelic
arsebobda
samcxis
samTavroSi
didebulTa
Soris
gadaWra
mawyverelma episkoposma giorgi Suartylelma, romelmac modave mxareebs
mamulebi CamoarTva. am episkoposma `xelT idva ra gangeba samcxisa, daawynara
yoveli sabrZanebeli Tvisi, viTarca wesi iyo, da daipyra yoveli mamuli da
eklesiani pirvelTa maT meSfoTeTani... viTarca gardaxda weliwadi Svidad
aRTvaluli, dascxres da dadumnes yovelive SfoTni da uwesobani wmidisa
amis mRvdelT-moZRvrisa giorgis mier~423.
maSasadame, saxelmwifo Zalauflebis moklebis gamo, adgilebze zogierTma
qarTvelma episkoposma ASeZlo Tavis vrcel samTavroSi mSvidobisa da
wesierebis damyareba ara mxolod eklesiaSi, aramed mTel mosaxleobaSi (es

sakiTxi ganxilulia aqve, paragrafSi `qorepiskoposi~), rogorc aRiniSna, am

epoqaSi maSin, roca saqarTveloSi saeklesio Zalaufleba saeroze gavrcelda,
bizantiaSi, piriqiT, marTlmadidebluri eklesia ukiduresad daaknina
saxelmwifo xelisuflebam xatmebrZoli imperatorebis nebiT. magaliTad,
profesori
n.
suvorovi,
momxre
saeklesio
saqmeebze
imperatoris
xelisuflebis cnobisa, erT-erT Zlier istoriul argumentad miiCnevs
xatmebrZoli
imperatoris
lev
isavrosis
Tvalsazriss
(eklogis
winasityvaobaSi), rom igi (imperatori) memkvidrea petre mociqulisa da mas
akisria misia mwyemsos morwmuneTa samwyso424.
v. cipini, romelic ar eTanxmeba n. suvorovs, miiCnevs _ eklesiis istoriam
naTlad daamtkica, rom imperatoris xelisufleba ar warmoadgens im
instituts, uromlisodac eklesias ar SeuZlia arseboba. v. cipins ara
imperatori, aramed msoflio sayovelTao eklesiis episkopati miaCnia eklesiis
miwieri nawilis meTaurad425, miuxedavad amisa, fiqrobs, rom zogierTi
bizantieli da rusi imperatoris mizidulobam eklesiis mimarT, romelsac ar
hqonda arc ekleziologiuri da arc saeklesio kanonikuri
safuZveli,
gamoiwvia nawilobrivi deformacia saekleso wyobisa, imis msgavsi, romelic
hqonda rusul eklesias sinodalur epoqaSi426.
zemoaRniSnulis gamo, zogierTi marTlmadidebeli kanonisti bizantieli
imperatorebis erT nawils adanaSaulebs cezaro-papizmSi, anu saero uzenaesi
xelisuflis (keisris) mier saeklesio saqmeTa marTvaSi. am mxriv qarTul
eklesiaSi, gansaxilvel epoqaSi, saeklesio samarTlis mxriv gadaxras adgili
ar hqonia. cezaro-papizmi qarTuli azrovnebisaTvis ucxo iyo, Tumca ki
qarTveli
mefeebi
(iseve
rogorc
sxva
marTlmadidebeli
xalxebis
xelmwifeebi), viTarca mcvelebi da mfarvelebi eklesiisa, monawileobdnen
yvela
mniSvnelovan
saeklesio
saqmeSi,
magaliTad,
episkoposebis
samRvdelmTavro kaTedrebze daniSvnisas (magaliTad, giorgi mTawmidelis
dros bagrat IV), isini aseve saeklesio samarTalis dacvaze zrunavdnen
(iwvevdnen da monawileobdnen saeklesio krebebSi) _ es iyo samarTlis sxva
mxare, kerZod, ganxorcieleba bizantiaSive SemuSavebuli principisa eklesiasa
da saxelmwifos Soris `simfoniuri urTierTobisa~. Tumca, rogorc aRiniSna,
bizantiasa da ruseTSi eklesias da saxelmwifos Soris simfoniuri
urTierToba zogjer irRveoda saxelmwifos mier. imperatorebi iseT
kanonebsac scemdnen, romelnic ewinaaRmdegeboda saeklesio wyobas427. aseTi
magaliTebi qarTuli eklesiisaTvis ucnobia. gansaxilvel periodSi CvenSi ara
xelmwifes uwodebdnen `gare episkoposs~ (Dytiybq tgbcrjg), aramed piriqiT,
miiCnevdnen, rom episkoposi samarTlebrivad mefis swori iyo _ `episkoposisa
da mefis saqme sworia~.
aRbuRas kanonebSi Sesuli cnobili muxli _ `meore mefe episkoposi aris~
(aRb. kan.. 102) _ ganekuTvneba Cvens gansaxilvel VIII-IX saukuneebs da bagrat
kurapalatis samarTals, rogorc es qvemoTaa ganxiluli. aqedanve unda iyos
gadasuli vaxtangis kanonebSi `mefisa da kaTalikosis saqme... orive swori
aris~ (vaxt. kan. 25).
qarTuli
saxelmwifoebrivi
erTeulebis
ganmtkicebis
kvaldakval,
qarTuli eklesia saero xelisuflebis tvirTisagan TandaTan gaTavisuflda.
mefe bagrat IV (1027-1072) ukve TviTon xelmZRvanelobs sasamarTlo saeklesio
krebas opizisa da miZnaZoris samamulo davis ganxilvisas. iRebs, usmens

modave mxareebs, niSnavs saqmis garCevas, iwvevs saTanado specialistebs,

winaswar swavlobs saqmes, ixilavs sabuTebs da iwvevs sasamarTlo sxdomas.
procesze qveyndeba yvela sabuTi sajarod, ismineba mxareebis axsna-ganmarteba,
iniSneba paeqroba, fasdeba damamtkicebeli sabuTebi. procesSi monawileoben
iuristebi _ `mecnierni sabWoTa saqmeTani~. dadgenileba eklesiis mimarT
sigelis saxiT mefem gamosca. Tumca, sinamdvileSi,
am sadavo sakiTxis
gadasaWrelad mowveul saeklesio krebaSi monawileobdnen rogorc misi
samefos aRmosavleTis (aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, zeda mamulebis), ise
dasavleT saqarTvelos (qveda mamulebis) ierarqebi.
am dros Cveni eklesiis samarTlis erT-erT wyarod, agreTve, ikveTeba
eklesiis mamaTa ganmartebani, erTi aseTia wmida eqvTime mTawmideli.
1906 w. peterburgis winasakrebo TaTbirze prof. almazovi amtkicebda, rom
saqarTvelos eklesiam Tavis droze avtokefalia miiRo politikuri nebiT,
amitomac istoriulad misi gauqmebac aseve politikuri nebiT ruseTis mier
kanonikurad
unda
CaiTvaloso.
eklesiaTa
avtokefaliis
uflebasTan
dakavSirebiT,
saeklesio
samarTlis
mcodne
v.cipini
wers:
`Zvelad
gamoiTqmoda xolme mcdari mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom avtokefalurad unda
CaTvliliyo mxolod mociqulTa mier daarsebuli eklesiebi. papi lev didi am
safuZvelze dayrdnobiT sakamaTod xdida konstantinopolis eklesiis
avtokefalias. radganac miiCnevda, rom is ar iyo daarsebuli mociqulebis
mier, xolo antioqiis sapatriarqo uaryofda qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalias
im istoriulad saeWvo faqtze dayrdnobiT, rom mociqulTagan aravin yofila
saqarTveloSi. amave dros, erTi mxriv, ueWvelad mociqulTa mier daarsebul
zogierT eklesias arasodes hqonia avtokefalia (magaliTad, korinTosa,
Tesalonikisa), meore mxriv, arsebobs eklesiebi, romelTa TviTmyofadoba
yvelas mier aris aRiarebuli, Tumca isini mociqulebs ar dauarsebiaT428.
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliasTan dakavSirebiT v.cipini gamoTqvams
aseT mosazrebas: `wmida mociqulTa sworis ninos gavleniT axali sarwmunoeba
miiRo qarTvelTa mefe mirianma. slavuri eklesiebisagan gansxvavebiT,
saqarTvelos eklesiis dedaeklesia iyo ara konstantinopolis, aramed
antioqiis eklesia. 467 wels iveriis eklesiis winamZRvarma, romelsac kaTedra
mcxeTaSi hqonda, miiRo antioqiis kaTedrisagan kaTolikosis tituli. am
tituliT iwodebodnen bizantiis imperiis aRmosavleTis sazRvrebs iqiT myofi
eklesiebis pirvelierarqebi. kaTolikosis pativis pirvelad xseneba gvxvdeba
410 wlidan. kaTolikosi maSin iyo babilonis selevskiis episkoposi, romelic
sparseTis eklesias meTaurobda da Sedioda antioqiis arqiepiskoposis
iurisdiqciaSi (romelic mogvianebiT da amJamad iwodeba aRmosavleTis
patriarqad), oRond Zalze farTo avtonomiis uflebiT, radganac bizantiasparseTis sazRvrebze TiTqmis mudmivi omianobis gamo sakaTalikosos kavSiri
kaTedrasTan garTulebuli iyo. kaTolikosebad agreTve iwodebodnen somxuri
eklesiis patriarqebi, romelnic msoflio marTlmadideblobas gamoeyvnen
qalkedonis krebis Semdeg. saqarTvelos eklesiis kaTolikosebi, faqtobrivad
VIII saukunis Suaxnebidan iqcnen TviTmyofad pirvelierarqebad, Tumca
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia arc antioqiasa da arc konstantinopolSi
aRiarebuli ar yofila. XIV saukuneSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi warmoiqmna
axali sakaTalikoso, rezidenciiT jer biWvinTaSi, Semdeg ki quTaisSi. 1801
wels saqarTvelo SeerTebul iqna ruseTis imperiasTan, male, 1811 wels,

uqmdeba saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliac, kaTolikos anton II-is

mosasveneblad wasvlis Semdeg wmida sinodma saqarTveloSi daniSna
egzarqosi. 1917 wels saqarTvelos eklesiam aRidgina Tavis avtokefaluri
statusi, romelic ar iqna cnobili arc ruseTis eklesiis adgilobrivi
krebis mier (1917-1918 ww.) da arc axalarCeul patriarq wmida tixonis mier.
saqarTvelos eklesiis meTaurma miiRo kaTolikos-patriarqis tituli.
kanonikuri urTierToba rusul da qarTul eklesiaTa Soris aRdga 1943 w.~429.
msgavsad v.cipinisa da k.kekeliZisa, babilina lominaZec miiCnevs, rom
qarTulma eklesiam VIII saukuneSi ganimtkica, xolo XI saukuneSi sabolood
miiRo avtokefalia. yvela am mkvlevarisaTvis dauZleveli iyo XI s-is melqiti
beris, nikon SavmTelisa da efrem mcires mier mowodebuli cnoba, rom
imperator konstantine kopronimes dros (741-775) ori qarTveli beri mivida
patriarq Teofilaqte antioqielTan (daaxl, 744-751). `isini Ciodnen, rom
qarTvelebs aRar hyavT kaTalikosi `rameTu dRiTgan netarisa anastasi
mRvdelTmTavrisa (+610), antioqieli patriarqisa, ara kurTxeul ars maTda
kaTolikosi mTavarepiskoposi siZnelisaTvis gzisa, rameTu agarianTagan
veravin ikadrebs svlad~. es cnoba, rogorc garkveulia v.goilaZis mier,
Seexeba ara mcxeTis sakaTalikosos, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelos im
eklesias, romelic xatmebrZolur eresis gamo cdilobda gamosvlas
konstantinopolis
sapatriarqos
iurisdiqciidan
da
kanonikuri
gziT
Tavisuflebis mopovebas. Cven am sakiTxs mravaljer vexebiT qvemoT
paragrafebSi: `antioqiis I saeklesio kreba~, `javaxeTis saeklesio kreba~ da
sxva. rogorc Cven garkveuli gvaqvs, Tavdapirvelad, mTargmnelTa, Semdeg ki
mkvlevarTa Secdoma gamoiwvia iman, rom ucxoelebi ara mxolod aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiasac uwodebdnen `iberiis
eklesias~, kerZod dasavleT saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos _ `qvemo iberiis
saarqiepiskoposos~ uwodebdnen saukuneTa manZilze430. rogorc Cans, berZnul
wyaroSi ewera, rom antioqiaSi berebi Cavidnen iberiidan (igulisxmeboda
`qvemo iberia~, anu dasavleT saqarTvelo), mTargmnelma sityva `iberia~
`qarTlad~ Targmna, qarTlSi ki moiazres mcxeTis sakaTalikoso. es sakiTxi
ganxilulia Sesabamis paragrafebSi, amitomac am cnobis gamoyenebiT, mtkiceba
_ mcxeTis sakaTalikosos mier VIII s-Si avtokefaliis mopovebis Sesaxeb
uadgiloa. rac Sexeeba XI s-s, aq igulisxmeba giorgi mTawmidelis cnobili
kamaTi antioqiis patriarqTan. es sakiTxi ganxilulia paragrafSi `antioqiis II
saeklesio kreba~. rogorc wyaroebis analizi aCvenebs, am dros qarTul
eklesias ar moupovebia avtokefalia, radganac misi TavisTavadoba, giorgi
mTawmindelis sityviT, ukve saukuneebs iTvlida da aqedan gamomdinare,
saqarTvelos eklesiis samarTlis wyaros aRniSnul periodSi (VI-XI ss.)
warmoadgenda ara ucxo sapatriarqoTa dadgenilebebi, gamotanili qarTuli
eklesiis mimarT, aramed adgilobrivi (qarTuli) saeklesio krebaTa
dadgenilebani da gadawyvetilebani, rogorc es Cans `javaxeTis krebisa~ da
sxva krebaTa magaliTiT.
ruis-urbnisis cnobil krebamde samarTlis mxriv eklesiaSi aseTi
mdgomareoba yofila:
IX-X saukuneebSi, qarTuli saeklesio samarTlis Sesaxeb cnobebs gvawvdis
bagrat kurapalatis samarTlis wignis nawyvetebi, romelic SemorCenilia beqa-

aRburas samarTalSi. i.doliZis TvalsazrisiT igi `miuTiTebs Tamar mefis

wina periodze, roca mefe samRvdelobis winaSe jer kidev uZluri iyo~431.
i.doliZis azriT XII saukunemde saqarTvelos mefe `samRvdeloebis winaSe
jer kidev uZluri iyo~. qveyanaSi episkoposebsa da samRvdeloebas eWiraT
gabatonebuli mdgomareoba431. i.doliZe mimoixilavs bagratis samarTlis
cnobil 101, 102 da 103 kanonebs da askvnis, rom `es samive muxli iseT xanas
unda ekuTvnodes, roca samRvdeloeba saqarTveloSi sruli batoni iyo da
saero mTavrobaze maRla eWira Tavi, ese igi daviT aRmaSeneblis uwinaresi
xanisa unda iyos~432. kerZod, 102 muxli aseTia _ `Tu mefe ebiskopozsa
gauwyres gina usamarTlod, gina samarTliTa xelTa Sepyrobai arca maSin
moxdebis, amisaTvis rome meore mefe ebiskopozi aris da qristianeTa sjulisa
damamtkicebeli da raica mefesa sjulisa saqme aqvs, agre Seiwynarebs~433.
saerTod, bagrat kurapalatis samarTali `gaCenilia~ `pirvelad daviTian
bagrat kurapalatisa da aRmaSenebelTa mefeT-mefeTa brZanebiT~, magram es
sakmarisi ar iyo samarTlis gamosacemad. amitomac iqve naTqvamia `da mere
episkoposTa, didebulTa da aznaurTa da Wkuian kacTa mefeTa winaSe erTbaSad
gaCenili
gangebiTa
RmrTisaiTa~434.
maSasadame,
Tavis
droze
bagrat
kurapalatis samarTali SeumuSavebia mefis winaSe Sekrebil krebas, es cxadia
unda yofiliyo darbazoba episkoposebis, didebulebis, aznaurebisa da Wkvian
kacTa monawileobiT. am samarTalSi `samRvdeloebis privilegirebuli da
maRali uflebrivi mdgomareoba naTlad Cans samarTlis wignis sxva
muxlebSic (105-198, 112, 121-122, 139 da sxv.). es, i. doliZis azriT, miuTiTebs,
rom `bagratis samarTali~ erTi kanondmeblis mieraa SemuSavebuli. muxlebi
erTmaneTTan ar arian Seusabamobasa da winaaRmdegobaSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom
iv.javaxiSvilis azriT, es samarTali bagrat I-s anda bagrat III-s unda
ekuTvnodes. isidore doliZe gamoricxavs bagrat III-s. radganac mis dros
`saxelmwifos mxolod erTi mefe hyavda da episkoposi `meore mefe~ ar iyo~.
i.doliZe fiqrobs, rom am samarTlis Semoqmedia bagrat IV, rasac ar
eTanxmebian Tanamedrove mkvlevarebi, rogorc aRniSnulia, isini ufro uWeren
mxars bagrat I-s. bagrat I (826-876) kurapalati iyo Ze mefe aSot I didisa
(kurapalatisa), romelTa drosac tao-klarjeTis `qarTvelTa samefoSi~
samRvdeloeba uZlieres Zalas warmoadgenda da, amave dros, iyo xelmwifis
sayrdenic. swored eklesiis avtoritetidan amoizarda `qarTvelTa samefos~
Tavdapirveli Zliereba, radganac saqarTvelo daSlili qveyana iyo, Zveli
samefo dinastia farnavazian-xosroianebisa damarcxebuli, xolo kuTxeebSi
jer kidev ar iyo saero xelisufleba fexmokidebuli. yovelivem asaxva hpova
`bagrat kurapalatis~ samarTalSi. amiT unda aixsnas is uCveulo movlena,
rom saqarTveloSi saeklesio iurisdiqcia saero saqmeebzec vrceldeboda. iv.
javaxiSvilis azriT, `bizantiis gavlena qarTul mwerlobasa da kulturaze
XII s-Si daiwyo~.
3. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi ruis-urbnisis krebis Semdeg (XII-XVIII ss.)
saqarTvelos eklesias, viTarca avtokefalurs, hqonda suverenuli
sakanonmdeblo saqmianobis ufleba Tavisi avtokefaliis sazRvrebSi, rasac
axorcielebda kidec aTaswleulTa manZilze ruis-urbnisis krebamde da mis
Semdeg XIX s-mde, avtokefaliis gauqmebamde.

saeklesio
kanonmdeblobis
adgilobriv
organos,
pirvel
rigSi
warmoadgendnen saeklesio krebebi.
saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebs, rogorc Cvenamde moRweuli masalebis
analizidan Cans (warmodgenilia qvemoT, Sesabamis paragrafebSi), axasiaTebda
gansakuTrebuli specifika, romelic unda asaxavdes saqarTveloSi saeklesio
da saxelmwifo xelisuflebaTa urTierTdamokidebulebas. rogorc cnobilia,
arsebobs
am
(saeklesio
da
saxelwmifo
xelisuflebaTa)
urTierTdamokidebulebis sxvadasxva sistema. maT Soris idealurad miiCneva
simfoniuri damokidebuleba. bizantiaSi, romelic etalons warmoadgenda
qarTvelebisaTvis saeklesio urTierTobaTa sferoSi, SemuSavebuli iyo
eklesiisa da saxelmwifos urTierTobis ZiriTadi principebi, romlebic
imperiis saxelmwifo kanonebsa da sjulis wesebSic iqna Setanili, isini
aisaxa wmida mamaTa nawerebSic. esaa eklesiisa da saxelmwifos simfoniis
principi.
rogorc
iTqva,
simfoniis
arsia
urTierTTanamSromloba,
urTierTdaxmareba, erTmaneTis mimarT zrunva da pasuxismgebloba ise, rom
erTi mxare meoris gansakuTrebuli kompetenciis sferoSi ar SeiWras. miiCneva,
rom es principi yvelaze ukeTaa Camoyalibebuli imperator iustinianes VI
novelaSi: `udidesi sikeTe, romelic adamianebs RmerTis didi saxierebiT
mieniWaT _ mRvdloba da mefobaa, romelTagan pirveli (e. i. saeklesio
xelisufleba) saRmrTo saqmisaTvis zrunavs da mas xelmZRvanelobs, xolo
meore (saxelmwifo xelisufleba) ki kacobriobisaTvis, orive momdinareobs
erTi da imave wyarodan... Tu sasuliero mxare yovelives RvTisaTvis saTnod
ganagebs, xolo saxelmwifo xelisufleba masze mindobil saxelmwifos
samarTliT marTavs, maSin maT Soris yvelaferSi sruli Tanxmoba iqneba, rac
kacobriobas sargeblobasa da sikeTes moutans~. am principidan gamomdinare,
iustiniane Tavis novelebSi sjulier wesebs saxelmwifo kanonis Zalas
aniWebda. am midgomis gamo saeklesio da saero wesebi erTobliobaSi zogjer
mefis
saxeliT
gamoicemoda,
magram
damtkicebuli
iyo
saeklesio
xelisufalTa mier, es damaxasiaTebeli iyo saqarTvelosaTvisac, amis Sesaxeb
ix. qvemoT, krebaTa ganxilvis dros.
iustinianemdec, IV-V ss-ebSi, romis imperiaSi miiCneoda, rom saero da
sasuliero xelisuflebas erTmaneTisaTvis mxari unda daeWiraT, radganac
erTis warmatebiT meorec warmatebas miaRwevda, WeSmariti sarwmunoeba
samarTliT gabrwyindeboda, saxelmwifo ki ayvavdeboda. miiCneoda, agreTve,
rom orive es xelisufleba gaerTianebuli unda yofiliyo zemoaRniSnuli
miznis misaRwevad, daculi unda yofiliyo saxelmwifo da saeklesio
xelisuflebas Soris urRvevi kavSiri _ RvTis gangebis ukeT aRsrulebisa da
xalxis
samsaxurisaTvis:
`vinc
erTisaTvis
(saxelmwifosaTvis,
qveSevrdomebisaTvis)
zrunavs,
meorezec
(eklesiisaTvis,
marTali
sarwmunoebisaTvis) fiqrobs~435.
rogorc qvemoT gamoCndeba, aRniSnuli simfoniuri kavSiri, Cans, Tavidanve,
ukve IV-V saukuneebidanve daedo safuZvlad saqarTveloSi saxelmwifosa da
eklesias Soris urTierTobas. amiT unda aixsnas is araCveulebrivi garemoeba,
rom zogjer saqarTvelos saeklesio kreba imavdroulad warmoadgenda
saxelmwifo darbazis sxdomas, anda piriqiT, saxelmwifo darbazis sxdoma,
Sesabamisi saeklesio sakiTxis ganxilvis dros, gadaiqceoda saeklesio

krebad, romelsac gamohqonda saeklesio saxis dadgenilebani (es sakiTxi

ganxilulia qvemoT, Sesabamis calkeul saeklesio krebaTa ganxilvisas).
saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebs, rogorc wesi, iwvevda mefe (rogorc
bizantiaSi), Tumca ramdenime gamonaklisic arsebobs. rogorc aRvniSneT,
zogjer saeklesio sakiTxebi ixileboda saxelmwifo darbazis mier.
saxelmwifo darbazs, Cans, amis ufleba eniWeboda imis gamo, rom igi Tavisi
SemadgenlobiT gamoxatavda urRvev kavSirs _ mTlianobas saxelmwifo da
saeklesio xelisuflebas Soris. kerZod, darbazobisas `xelmwifis karis~
garda, ikribeboda qveynis yvela nawilis episkopati (`zemo~ da `qvemo~
mamulebidan~ anu aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelodan), mniSvnelovani
monastrebis winamZRvrebi, da cxadia, saero xelisufleba. darbazobis
umTavresi birTvi iyo `xelmwifis kari~. es ukanaskneli Semadgenlobis mxriv
agreTve gamoxatavda mTlianobas saero da saeklesio xelisuflebisa, kerZod,
igi Sedgeboda mefisa da oTxi berisagan. es `oTxi beri~ iyo: 1. kaTalikosi
qarTlisa, anu igive sruliad saqarTvelos patriarqi; 2. afxazeTis
kaTalikosi; 3. mwignobarTuxucesi, igive Wyondideli episkoposi; 4. moZRvarTmoZRvari. es oTxi beri, Cans, sinamdvileSi warmoadgenda mefis karze mudmivad
moqmed saxelmwifo sabWos, romlis erT-erTi wevri mwignobarTuxucesi _ ukve
namdvilad unda yofiliyo (yoveldRiurad) xelmwifis karze436 da mefis
saxeliT emarTa saxelmwifo saqmeebi. anu Tanamedrove terminologiiT,
rogorc es garkveulia ivane javaxiSvilis mier _ igi iyo premier-ministri,
Tavmjdomare mTavrobisa (ixileT aqve, saqarTvelos eklesiis mmarTveli
ierarqia, `vazirTuxucesi~).
darbazobis sxdomas, rogorc aRiniSna, eswrebodnen: mefe, oTxi beri,
uxucesebi (vezirebi), episkoposebi, winamZRvrebi, saqveyno xelisufalni. `oTx
bers~ _ gansakuTrebuli ufleba hqonda saqveyno da marTvis saqmeSi,
imavdroulad, isini eklesiis mmarTvelebi iyvnen. zemoaRniSnuliT unda
yofiliyo gamowveuli Cveni mematianis mtkiceba `darbazis karidan~ saeklesio
`wesebis~ gamocemis Sesaxeb: `monasterni da saepiskoposoni da yovelni
eklesiani wessa da rigsa locvisasa da yovlisa saeklesioisa gangebisas
darbazis kariT miiRebdian, viTarca kanonsa ucdomelsa da yovlad Sveniersa
da dawyobilsa, keTilwesierebasa locvisa da marxvisasa~437.
SeiZleba iTqvas, mematianis am cnobas adasturebs `xelmwifis karis
garigebis~ avtori: `gelaTisagan kide saydarni da sxvani monasterni da
eklesiani, xucesni da monazonni da rac saeklesioni dasni arian, yvela
Wyondidelis da sawolis mwignobaris saxelosia~438. maSasadame, saeklesio
dasi xelmwifis karidan imarTeba, magram ara saero xelisuflis, aramed
sasuliero wodebis, magram qveynis mmarTveli xelisuflis _ Wyondidelis
mier. am uflebas mas, Cans, aZlevs `oTxi beris~ sabWo. am gasocari faqtis
axsna SeiZleba niko maris sityviT _ `Zvel saqarTveloSi saero da sasuliero
Zalauflebis erToba warmoadgenda udavo faqts~.
Zvel
saqarTveloSi
saxelmwifo
da
saeklesio
xelisufleba
gaerTianebuli iyo, mis mier qveyana da eklesia erTi Zalauflebrivi
centridan
erTiani
ZalauflebiTYimarTeboda.
saero
da
sasuliero
Zalauflebebis erT xelSi harmoniuli, simfoniuri Tavmoyra _ Zveli
qarTuli (ruis-urbnisis krebamdeli) naSTi unda yofiliyo. rogorc Cans,
ruis-urbnisis krebaze saxelmwifo xelisuflebam kanonieri saxe misca am ukve

arsebul faqts, mwignobarTuxuces-vazirTuxucesis Tanamdebobis dawesebiT Tu

misi ZvelTaganve mopovebuli uflebis aRiarebiT. niko maris azriT,
mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondidelis, anu saxelmwifoSi mefis Semdeg meore
saxelisuflebo piris, Tanamdebobis daweseba unda yofiliyo saqarTveloSi
odesRac arsebuli saero da sasuliero Zalauflebis erT xelSi Tavmoyris
tradiciis
gviandeli
gadmonaSTi,
romlis
minamsgavsia
xevisberobis
instituti moxeveebSi (ix. qvemoT paragrafi `mwignobarTuxucesi~). saxelmwifo
xelisufleba, Cans, saqarTvelos gaerTianebis, anu XI saukunis Semdeg
dainteresebuli
iyo
mZlavri
saeklesio
xelisufleba
gaeerTianebina
saxelmwifo xelisuflebasTan da amiT erTiani xelisufleba mieRo. m.
lorTqifaniZis,
iseve,
rogorc
zogadad
qarTuli
istoriografiis
TvalsazrisiT, ruis-urbnisis krebis meSveobiT saxelmwifom daimorCila
eklesia, imdenad, rom TviT darbazis karidan iRebda eklesia `wessa da
kanonebs~, romelnic `ucTomelad~ unda miCneuliyo, aseTia interpretireba
mematianis cnobili cnobisa, romelic zemoTaa motanili, magram `darbazis
kari~, TviTve warmoadgenda saeklesio organos garkveuli TvalsazrisiT,
amitomac
mas
ufleba
hqonda
gamoeca
saeklesio
dadgenilebanic
aRsasruleblad. maSasadame, yofiliyo saqarTvelos saeklesio samarTlis
wyaro, amitomac araa marTebuli azri, TiTqosda ruis-urbnisis krebam eklesia
daumorCila saxelmwifos.
saxelmwifo darbazobis saxe hqonda bagrat IV-s mier mowveul krebas,
romelmac saeklesio sakiTxi gaarCia or monasters Soris. darbazobis
sxdomis saxe hqonda Wulevis saeklesio krebas, romelzedac damtkicda
saxelmwifoebrivi warmoSobis beqasa da aRbuRas kanonebi, romelTac krebam
Tan daurTo e.w. `kanonikuri samarTali~, sakanonmdeblo saeklesio krebaze
vaxtang VI-is mier moZiebuli `yovelni wigni samarTlisanni~ damtkicda da
mieca qveyanaSi amoqmedebis ufleba.
vaxtangis mier moZiebuli samarTlis wignebi, romelic safuZvlad daedo
cnobil qarTul vaxtangis samarTals, Seafasa da miiRo krebam, romelic
Sedgeboda kaTalikozisa da episkoposebisagan. am krebas, rogorc saxelmwifo
darbazis sxdomas, mefesa da umaRles ierarqebTan erTad eswrebodnen
didebulni, darbaiselni. vaxtang VI-s, maTi `damowmeba da nebarTva~
esaWiroeboda, raTa samarTlis Zveli da axali normebi amoqmedebuliyo,
rogorc TviT es Zegli aRniSnavs _ `damowmebiTa da nebadarTviTa TvisTa
kaTalikoz-episkopos da didebul-darbaiselTa439.
ufro adre, XIV s-is bolos Wulevis monasterSi Semdgar saeklesio
krebas, anu rac igivea, adgilobriv saxelmwifo darbazs, rogorc aRvniSneT,
daumtkicebia beqa-aRbuRas samarTali, romelic amis Semdeg gavrcelda
rogorc saeklesio da saqveyno moqmedi samarTali. am sxdomas, mTavar
aRbuRasTan erTad, eswrebodnen mawyvereli episkoposi, safaris moZRvari,
samcxis, taos, SavSeTis da klarjeTis episkoposebi, meudabnoe berebi,
moweseebi, agreTve, saero xelisufalnic, romelTa erToblivi `mowmobiT~
krebam samarTali gamosc440. (es krebebi ganxilulia qvemoT).
kidev ufro adre, XIV s-is dasawyisSi (1335 w.) krebam, romelsac wmida
meufe, qarTlis kaTalikosi efTvime eswreboda episkoposebTan, vezirebTan,
mouravebTan Temisa da Temis erisTavebTan, xevisberebTan, xevisTavebsa da
herovanebTan erTad, mefis giorgis brwyinvalis TavmjdomareobiT (esaa

saxelmwifo darbazi) gamosca samarTali, marTalia ara saeklesio, aramed

ufro saero `msoflio~, magram rogorc kreba aRniSnavs, igi iyo sasjulo
saqmeTa Semcvelic. sasjulo saqme mTieli mosaxleobisa gamowvlilviT
SeeZloT gaerCiaT saeklesio mTavrebs _ `sxva rac sasjulo sakiTxavi iyos,
igi kaTalikozman da ganaCenTa maT zeda ebiskoposTa maT hkiTxon~441. (es
kreba ganxilulia qvemoT).
rogorc Cans, qarTuli saxelmwifoebrivi sistema, romelSic eklesiis
viTarca saxelmwifoebrvi sxeulisa da erTeulis Tvisebebi aRiarebuli iyo,
Tavis yvelaze ufro sruli saxiT warmoCnda XII saukuneSi, daviT
aRmaSeneblis dros, ruis-urbnisis krebis mier. daviTma ZiriTadi saxelmwifo
uwyebani (saSinao, finansTa, nawilobriv samxedro) uSualod Caabara eklesiis
ierarqs mwignobarTuxucess-Wyondidels, romelsac umaRlesi sasamarTlo _
saajo karic eWira. igi iyo `vazirT upirvelesi, faqtobrivad mefis moadgile,
saxelmwifos mTeli marTva-gamgeobis namdvili saWeTmpyrobeli, romelsac
`karis garigeba~ mefis mamasac ki uwodebs~442.
es Tanamdeboba rom ara fiqtiuri, aramed realuri iyo, Cans iqidanac, rom
XIII s-Si, roca `oTx berTagan~, anu saxelmwifo sabWos wevrTagan erT-erTma _
qarTlis kaTalikosma miqaelma xelT igdo mwignobarTuxucesis Tanamdebobac,
aman DSearyia Tamar mefis xelisufleba. msgavsi moxda SemdgomSic, basili
Wyondidelis dros. miqael kaTalikosi, misi Wyondidel-mwignobarTuxucesobis
dros, niko berZeniSvilis TqmiT, `faqtiurad gamge unda gamxadariyo
samefosi~443. `miqaels viTarca erTdroulad eklesiis mesaWesa da amave dros
vazirTa upirveless saxelmwifo xelisuflebis xelSi Cagdebac surda. mis
daukiTxavad mefes araferi ar unda gaekeTebina, amitom miqaels, amieridan
TviT mefezec ki Zala da xelisufleba eqneboda... miqaeli saero-saxelmwifo
da saeklesio xelisuflebis mqonebeli da gamaerTianebeli iyo... es garemoeba
saxelmwifosa da saero cxovrebaSi aucileblad eklesiis gabatonebas
moaswavebda... es saistorio mecnierebaSi wodebuls cezaro-papizms udrida da
romis eklesiis uflebriv Semecnebas miemsgavseboda~444.
Tamaris msgavsad, Tavisi ukiduresi SeSfoTeba xelisuflebis moklebis
Sesaxeb gamoxata laSa giorgis Ze mefe daviTmac, roca basili Wyondidelujarmeli gandidda imdenad, rom mefis magier (mefis daukiTxavad) moqmedebda.
`TaTarTa wylis Robeze `sibaze~ yovelwliurma gamgzavrebam ulu daviTi
Tavis
saxelmwifos
CamoaSora
da
am
garemoebam
vazirTa-upirvelesi
445
damoukidebel da TviTneba mbrZaneblad aqcia~ .
maSasadame, mefis saxelmwifoSi aryofnis dros mis adgils, faqtobrivad,
mwignobarTuxucesi
iWerda,
xolo
`oTx
berTagan~
erT-erTis
xelSi
Tanamdebobis Tavmoyris dros mefis xelisufleba iryeoda. yovelive
zemoaRniSnulis
gamo,
qarTuli
samarTlebrivi
sistemisaTvis
ucxoa
bizantiuri ganmartebani, rom `imperatori (mefe) sakrebo dadgenilebebze
maRla dgas, aris saeklesio ierarqiis winamZRoli da kanonmdebeli~ (dimitri
xomatini, XIII s.). aseTi bizantiuri uzenaesoba saimperatoro xelisuflebisa
saeklesio xelisuflebaze, zogierTi kanonistis TvalsazrisiT, safuZvels
iZleoda daedanaSaulebinaT ramdenime imperatori, maT Soris _ ruseTSic,
cezaro-papizmSi; anu iqmneboda iseTi viTareba, roca imperatori saeklesio
krebebzec maRla mdgomi, saeklesio saqmeTa gamgebeli iyo. aseTi viTareba
saqarTveloSi
warmoudgeneli
iyo.
aq
saeklesio
xelisufleba
ar

iCrdileboda saxelmwifos mier, piriqiT, maT Soris simfoniuri urTierToba

iyo. rogorc aRiniSna, saeklesio xelisufleba araTu uflebadakarguli iyo,
aramed zogjer, garkveuli gadaxrebis dros, mas saxelmwifo Zalauflebis
Tavis xelSi aRebac ki SeeZlo. magram mas es arasodes unebebia, ase rom,
qarTuli eklesia samarTlis mxriv ar hgavda romauls, romelmac saxelmwifo
xelisuflebaze Tavisi uzenaesoba ganaxorciela. qarTulma eklesiam TiTqmis
XIX saukunemde SeZlo erovnul saxelmwifo xelisuflebasTan simfoniuri
Tanaarseboba. amitomac, marTalia Cven gvaqvs saxelmwifo warmoSobis
saeklesio
samarTlis
wyaroebi,
gamocemulni
ZiriTadad
xelmwifis
(saqarTvelos mefis), anda saxelmwifo mTlianobis darRvevis SemTxvevaSi
adgilobriv mefe-mTavarTa mier, magram maTi damtkiceba, anu amoqmedebis
ufleba eklesiis ierarqTa xelSi iyo da maT mier xdeboda. saxelmwifosa da
eklesias Soris urTierToba mogvarebuli iyo, amitomac aseT wyaroTa
umetesoba (esaa sigelebi, `dawerilebi~, `wesebi~, `wignebi~ da sxv.), ZiriTadad,
Seexeboda eklesiisaTvis gaweul daxmarebebsa da dawesebul SeRavaTebs,
Tumca maTSi asaxulia is faqtic, rom saeklesio iurisdiqcia saero
saqmeebzec vrceldeboda.
4. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis gauqmebis periodebSi
mongolebis Semosevebma ara marto gaaRataka saqarTvelos eklesia, aramed
moSala simfoniuri urTierToba iqamde arsebul erovnul saxelmwifosa da
eklesias Soris, Tumca ki mongolebi cdilobdnen daecvaT eklesiis
xelSeuxebloba, misi qoneba, gaeTavisuflebinaT sasuliero pirebi xarkisa da
gadasaxadisagan. mongolTa Semosevebis Semdeg saqarTveloSi kvlav aRdga
Zveleburi urTierTobani saxelmwifosa da eklesias Soris.
mongolTa xanas ganekuTvneba erTi saintereso faqti saqarTvelos
eklesiis samarTlis istoriidan, romelic miagavs dasavleTis eklesiaSi
dafiqsirebul e. w. `interdiqts~. rogorc cnobilia, romis papebis mZlavri
iaraRi saero xelisuflebasTan brZolisas iyo interdiqti, romliTac ama Tu
im
qveyanaSi
RvTismsaxurebis
Sesrulebas
manamde
krZalavda,
sanam
qveSevrdomebi papis mier gankveTil TavianT monarqs ar Camoagdebdnen. msgavsi
momxdara saqarTveloSic ulu daviTis dros.
mongolTa mier `damtkicebulma~ xelmwifem, cxadia, Secvala iqamde
arsebuli darbazobis wesi. axla ukve darbazi aRar gamoxatavda eklesiis
interesebs, iq mongolebis interesebi ufro iyo daculi. amis gamo eklesiis
interesebi qveyanaSi swored darbazis erT-erTi frTis mier ilaxeboda.
kerZod, saeklesio mamulebis mtaceblebs, romelTac winaT `dakrulviT~
sjida eklesia, axla darbazis saxelmwifo aRmasrulebeli xelisufalni
(amirspasalari, amirejibi, da sxv.) aqezebdnen. kerZod, iqamde arsebuli
wesebiT: `samefo saxlisa da palatis wesis~ Tanaxmad, `dakrulvili~ piri
saxelmwifos mier unda `Serisxuliyo~, CamorTmeoda mamulebi da ar unda
`SeeSvaT laSqarSi~. amis nacvlad, aRniSnuli darbaislebi damkrulvels (e. i.
saeklesio pirs) aiZulebdnen krulvis axsnas, e.i. unarCunebdnen mtaceblebs
mitacebul saeklesio qonebas. qveyanaSi sxva uamravi Seviwroebac xdeboda
sasuliero pirebisa. amis gamo 1263 wels Sekrebilma saeklesio sxdomam mefe
gaafrTxila _ `amisni mqnelni varT: arc mironsa gavxsniT, saqarTveloisa
eklesiaTa davbeWdavT, xucesTa davayenebT wirvisa, naTvlisa da samkvdroTa

ziarebisagan~446. ra Sedegi unda mohyoloda morwmune qristianTa qveyanaSi

RvTismsaxurebis totalur akrZalvas? dasavleT evropaSi msgavs situaciaSi
aRSfoTebuli mosaxleoba taxtidan Camoagdebda xolme xelmwifes, romelic
amave dros eklesiis mier iyo gankveTili. maSasadame, saqarTveloSic am
qmedebas mefis taxtidan Camogdeba unda mohyoloda Sedegad. rogorc Cans,
mongolebis drosac eklesias kvlav hqonda saxelmwifo xelisuflebaze
zemoqmedebis mZlavri iaraRi, rac aisaxa kidec saeklesio saqmeTa gamocemul
ZeglisweraSi. es sakiTxi ganxilulia qvemoT 1263 wlis saeklesio krebis
gadmocemisas.
XVII saukunis Semdeg, iranisa da osmaleTis agresiisa da qarTvelTa
erovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi
cnobierebis
dasustebis
gamo,
aRmosavleTi
saqarTvelo iranis xeldebul qveynad gadaiqca, mesxeTi ki _ osmaleTisa.
saeklesio saqmeebSi iranis Sahebi da mmarTvelebi ereodnen, romelnic zogjer
gamoscemdnen kidec Sesabamis sigelebs saqarTvelos saeklesio saqmeTa
Sesaxeb, zogjer patriarqebis damtkicebis saqmeSic ereodnen.
XVII s. dasawyisidan, beri egnataSvilis cnobiT, sparseTis moxelem
rostom mefe-xanma episkoposebs xelfasebi dauniSna _ `yovelTaTvis jamagiri
ganuwesa~447.
XVII saukunidan, imis Semdeg, rac aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo iranis imperiis
sazRvrebSi moeqca, qarTlis kaTalikosis dadgenaSi saWiro gamxdara iranis
Sahis nebarTva. `1687 w. Sah-solomoni swers firmanSi ioane kaTalikozs
`radgan Tqveni wina moadgile (nikolozi) ar daemorCila nazarali xans, igi
ganvkveTeT da Tqven ioane dagadgineTo~448.
`kaxeTSi saeklesio mamulebs dauwyes dataceba da ciloba, amis gamo 1707
wels `domenti kaTalikosi wavida yeenTan saCivlelad da misi wyalobis
firmaniT kaxeTSi Cavida imam yuli xanTan yarajalaSi, gaariga saqme da mivida
mcxeTaSi~449. `mouZlurda sjuli da ganiryvna wesi saeklesio~450.
`osmalTagan dapyrobis dros qarTuli eklesiis saqmeebSi ereoda osmalos
faSa. Tbilisis dapyrobis Semdeg, 1727 wels iases daxmarebiT besarion
orbelians mousyidia isay-faSa, `Seapara qrTami da miiRo kaTalikozoba 1728
w.~451.
1642 weli _ Sah-sefis firmani saqarTvelos saeklesio mamulebis
mowesrigebis Sesaxeb: `...fadiSahuri SewynarebiT aRzevebulma kaTalikosma
uwyodes... rostom xans... Seuwynarebia Tqveni qristiani meTauris, mesaWeTa
Soris rCeulis Txovna da vedreba, rom saeklesio (samlocvelo) saxlebi
gadaeces Tqveni keTilgonierebis gankargulebaSi, raTa miRebuli (dadgenili)
wesebis Sesabamisad ixarjebodes (Semosavali)...~452.
1684 w. _ `abas ziad-oRlis brZaneba brma episkopos zaqariasaTvis
gasamrjelos daniSvnis Sesaxeb. `gamovida maRali brZaneba masze, rom kaxeTis
olqis fuladi gamosavlebis mmarTvelma wlis dasawyisidan Tanxa 4 Tavrizis
Tumani iuwyos yovelwliur gasamrjelod brma episkopos zaqariasaTvis...~453.
1701 w. _ Sah-sulTan huseinis firmani nazaralis biZaSvilis evdemozis
kaTalikosad damtkicebis Sesaxeb. `...ayvanilia Cveni brZanebiT kaTalikosis
xarisxze yofili kaTalikosis ioanes gardacvalebis dRidan... saqarTvelos
mcxovreblebma
aRiaron
qristianTa
uwyebuli
rCeuli
ama
mxarisa
454
damoukidebel kaTalikosad~ .

`gamovida maRali brZaneba... kaTalikosis soflebisa da mxareebis

gafantuli glexebi... romel kuTxeSic iyon, Sekribon da daamkvidron TavianT
sacxovrebel adgilebze... danarCen saqarTvelos miwa-wyalis qarTvelebma
winaaRmdegoba ar gauwion mimofantuli glexebis TavianT `adgil-mamulisaken
dabrunebaSi~455
`XVII saukunis damdegs mcxeTaSi jariT misuli Sah-abasi windebis amara
Sevida sveticxovelSi, Tayvani sca mas, xolo samRvdeloebas yvela mamulis
xelSeuxebloba firmaniT daumtkica~456.
sparseTis Sahi nadiris 1742 wlis firmanSi vkiTxulobT Semdegs:
`wyalobiTa
uzenaesi
RmrTisaTa
gamoica
umaRlesi
brZaneba:
maRalxarisxovanma kaxeTis moadgilem Teimuraz xanma, qarTlisa da kaxeTis
samRvdeloebasTan da Tavad-aznaurobasTan erTad, momaxsenes, rom maTi
kaTalikozi gardaicvala, xolo mis adgilas aurCeviaT maRal-usamRvdeloesi
nikolozi da mTxoven mis damtkicebas. maTi survilis Tanaxmad, vamtkiceb
nikolozs kaTalikozis xarisxSi da am wlis damdegidan vuniSnav, winandeli
kaTalikozebis magaliTis mixedviT, jamagirs 1000 maneTs nadirisas, raTa igi
aRasrulebdes am Tanamdebobas...~457.
ori wlis Semdeg kaTalikozi nikolozi gardaicvala da mis adgilze
arCeul iqna anton I. igive Sahi amtkicebs am kaTalikozsac da valad uwesebs:
`ganage Seni samwyso mandauri wesebisa da CveulebaTa Tanaxmad, mcxovrebTa
sasiamovnod, xolo Tavadebs, didebulebsa da xalxs brZanebas aZlevs: `miiReT
igi Tqvens kaTalikosad, samRvdeloebis Tavadad da yvela sasuliero saqmeSi
ufrosad~457.
1620-iani
wlebidan
qarTl-kaxeTs
mahmadiani
mmarTvelebi
marTavdnen, ramac saeklesio wyaroebsac Taviseburi saxe misca.
mTlianad gansxvavdeboda saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebis mxriv dasavleT
saqarTvelos eklesia. aq kaTalikoss kvlavindeburad irCevda adgilobrivi
saeklesio
kreba.
radganac
dasavleT
saqarTvelom,
anu
`afxazeTis
sakaTalikosom~ SeinarCuna TavisTavadoba da arc erTi ucxoeli saxelmwifo
mis kaTalikosss ar amtkicebda da xelfass ar uxdida, cxadia, misi meTauri
miiCneoda `ufros anu uxuces~ pirvelierarqad aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
pirvelierarqTan mimarTebisas (gansxvavebiT Zveli saukuneebisagan). amis
Sesaxeb cnobebs gvawvdian antioqieli da ierusalimeli patriarqebi: XVII s-is
ierusalimeli patriarqi dosiTeosi wers: `iberiaSi ori avtokefaluri
arqiepiskoposia, romelTac qarTvelebi uwodeben kaTalikosebs. qvemo iberia,
romelsac Zvelad kolxeTs da lazikas uwodebdnen, aqvs eparqiebi imereTSi,
guriaSi, samegreloSi, afxazeTSi, svaneTsa da mesxeTis nawilSi. es eparqiebi
eqvemdebarebodnen
konstantinopolis
saydars
fasidis
mitropolitis
saSualebiT... herakle keisris Semdeg - lev isavrosamde qvemo iberia ukve iyo
avtokefaluri saarqiepiskoposo... qvemo iberiis kaTalikosi pativiT ufro
metia zemo iberiis kaTalikosze.... iberebi qvemo iberiis kaTolikoss miiCneven
ufrosad, radgan mefe, e.i. imereTis Tavi, iwodeba mefeTa-mefed~458.
aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi mahmadianebis batonobis dros, imereTis, anu
qvemo iberiis samefom da eklesiam SeinarCunes Zveli damoukidebloba,
amitomac `qvemo iberiis~ (afxazeTis) kaTalikosis pativi ufro metad iqna
aRiarebuli.
imaves wers meore ierusalimeli patriarqi qrisanTo anu xrisanfi _
`saqarTveloSi... arqiepiskoposi qvemo iberiisa, iwodeba imereTis, oseTis,

guriis da sruliad iberiis unetares kaTalikosad, rogorc ufrosi zemo

iberiis kaTalikosze, xolo meore, e.i. zemo iberiisa, iwodeba qarTlis,
kaxeTis, albaneTis da sruliad zemo iberiis unetares kaTalikosad~459.
imis gamo, rom aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi mahmadianebi batonobdnen, xolo
dasavleT saqarTvelos mmarTveli samefo zedafena kvlavac iyo qristianuli
da eklesia marTuli sakuTari krebis mier, amitomac dasavleT saqarTvelos
kaTalikosebi, zogjer `sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikozebs~ uwodebdnen
TavianT Tavs,
magaliTad kaTalikosi grigol lorTqifaniZe XVIII s-is
dasawyisSi:
`grigol
mwyemsi
qristes
mier
yovlisa
saqarTvelosa
kaTalikozi~460.
am droisaTvis aRmosavleT saqarTvelo ganixileboda viTarca iranis
imperiis Semadgeneli nawili, qarTlisa da kaxeTis `samefoebs~ marTaven
iraneli moxeleebi, Tumca eTnikurad qarTvelebi, konfesiurad ki _
gamahmadianebulebi. am droisaTvis saeklesio mamulebi, gansakuTrebiT ki
kaxeTSi mitacebuli iqna saero xelisufalTa mier. amave dros garkveul
centridanul midrekilebas amJRavnebda alaverdeli episkoposi, romelsac
faqtobrivad emxrobodnen kaxeli episkoposebi. iranis xelisuflebis mier
sakaTalikoso taxtze damtkicebuli (aseTi damtkiceba aucilebeli iyo)
kaTalikos-patriarqi domenti IV (1705-41) am saqmeTa mosagvareblad gaemgzavra
ispahanSi da miaRwia imas, rom iranis Sahma mcxeTis sakaTalikosos daumtkica
kaxeTis saeklesio mamulebi. es iyo didi gamarjveba mcxeTis sakaTalikoso
mTlianobis SesanarCuneblad, vaxtang VI-is ruseTSi gadaxvewis Semdeg
osmalebma xelSi aiRes aRmosavleT saqarTvelos xelisufleba, domenti IV
gaemgzavra stambolSi, sadac mas agreTve daumtkices mcxeTis saeklesio
mamulebi (Tumca samSobloSi aRar gamouSves). erTi sityviT, zogjer
samarTlis wyaros mcxeTis sakaTalikososTvis (am droisaTvis) dampyrobelTa
xelisuflebis gadawyvetilebani warmoadgenda.
iqamde vaxtang VI-m moiwvia saeklesio kreba, romelmac `aRadgina
darRveuli saeklesio samarTali~ (nazrali xanis epoqaSi dairRva).
krebam gadaayena saero xelisuflebis mier dasmuli kaTalikosi da
mcxeTis kaTalikosad janiSinis Zma domenti airCia, rasac mcxeTis
memamuleobis aRdgena mohyva. 1707 wels domenti kaTalikosma Sahis brZanebiT
feodalebs minatacebi ukan daabrunebina~461. Tumca, cxadia, ZiriTadad,
saeklesio samarTlis wyaros kvlav adgilobrivi krebebi (`darbazis kari~)
warmoadgenda.
`Tavisi samarTlis wigni vaxtangma darbaiselTa (e.i. saero da saeklesio
maRali feodalebis) uSualo monawileobiT Seadgina~462.
rogorc iTqva, kaTolikos-patriarqma domenti IV-m (1705-1741) imas miaRwia,
rom 1710 wels kaxeTis mefes daviT II (imamyulixans) daawerina sakaTalikoso
mamulebis mflobelobis simtkicis sigeli (domenti IV-m vaxtangis iranSi
yofnis dros scada samefo taxtis dakaveba!)463.
dampyrobTa neba Cvens saeklesio cxovrebazec moqmedebda imave doziT,
rogorc osmaleTis imperiaSi arsebul sxva marTlmadidebel sapatriarqoebze.
E5. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi XVIII saukunis II naxevarSi

1745 wlidan qarTl-kaxeTis samefo taxtze qristiani mefis kvlav asvlis

Semdeg (Teimuraz II, erekle II), mTavar saeklesio sakanonmdeblo organos
kvlavindeburad adgilobrivi krebebi warmoadgendnen. magram am dros ukve
mefeebisaTvis
samagaliTo
orientirad
gadaiqca
is
damokidebuleba
saxelmwifo da saeklesio xelisuflebas Soris, romelic im epoqis ruseTis
imperiaSi arsebobda. kerZod, ruseTis msgavsad, saqarTveloSic Zalze
gaizarda saeklesio krebaTa dadgenilebebze mefeebis gavlena. magaliTad,
anton I-is Sesaxeb cnobil krebas (1755-56 w.) mefe Teimurazi TviTon
karnaxobda dadgenilebis saxes, Teimurazma da ereklem krebis dadgenileba
gamoaqveynes kidec piradi gadawyvetilebis saxiT. Tumca antonis dabrunebis
Semdeg krebebma TiTqmis kvlav daibrunes Zveli saxe (es sakiTxi ganxilulia
Sesabamisi krebebis ganxilvisas).
aRsaniSnavia, rom dasavleT saqarTvelos sakaTalikosoSi da, saerTod,
dasavleT saqarTvelos samefosa da samTavroebSi damokidebuleba saxelmwifo
da sasuliero xelisuflebas Soris kvlav Zvel qarTul saxes inarCunebda,
kerZod, Tu aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi mahmadianebis gabatonebis gamo es
wonasworoba irRveoda, dasavleT saqarTveloSi igi SenarCunebuli iyo da
TviT XIX s-Si rusuli mmarTvelobis damyarebis drosac ki arsebobda. igi
sabolood moiSala 1820-ian wlebSi, imereTis cnobili `cerkovni buntis~
CaxSobis Semdeg. magaliTad, imis Semdeg, rac rusebma imereTidan gaaZeves mefe
solomon II da iq Seiyvanes saokupacio jarebi, aRmoaCines, rom imereTis
mosaxleoba imarTeboda romeliRac centridan, romelic avtoritetuli iyo
yvela fenisaTvis. Ziebam daadgina, rom arsebobda e. w. `saxelmwifo sabWo~,
Semdgari oTxi mRvdelmTavrisa (e. i. oTxi berisa) da didebulebisagan (es
sabWo jer kidev mefe solomon II-is qveyanaSi yofnisas misi TanammarTveli
iyo). Cven migvaCnia, rom am sabWoSi Semavali oTxi mRvdelmTavari iyo
gadmonaSTi qarTveli xelmwifis karze myofi `oTxi berisa~, romelic
darbazis da qveynis mmarTvel birTvs Seadgenda da gamoscemda dadgenilebebs
(ix. Sesabamisi krebis ganxilva). SesaZloa, rusebma xalxSi avtoritetuli am
`oTxi beris~ gavleniT daakompleqtes saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodaluri
kantora `oTxi wevriT~ (ix. qvemoT).
6. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi avtokefaliis gauqmebisas
XIX s-is dasawyisSi (1801w.) ruseTis imperiam gaauqma saqarTvelos
saxelmwifoebrioba da misi nawilebi Tavis SemadgenlobaSi Seiyvana. amas
Sedegad mohyva saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmeba da misi moqceva
ruseTis uwmindesi sinodis mmarTvelobaSi. profesor a. cagarelis azriT,
saqarTvelos ruseTis mier aneqsirebis sakiTxi saerTaSoriso samarTlis
sferos ganekuTvneboda, xolo saqarTvelos eklesiis daqvemdebareba uwmindesi
sinodis mier warmoadgenda saeklesio samarTlis sakiTxs. am ori samarTlis
ZiriTadi principebi arsebiTad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan, maSasadame,
saqarTvelos ruseTTan e.w. SeerTebiT ar SeiZleboda gamarTleba misi
avtokefalurobis gauqmebisa. amis magaliTad a. cagarels mohyavda III
msoflio krebis me-8 muxli, romelmac aseTi daqvemdebareba ar dauSva,

miuxedavad imisa, rom rogorc kviprosis eklesia, ise antioqiis sapatriarqo

erT, bizantiis imperaSi mdebareobdnen teritoriulad.
n. durnovosa da qarTveli episkoposebis TvalsazrisiT, ruseTis
uwmindesma sinodma Caidina Semdegi saxis saeklesio ukanonoba: saqarTvelos
eklesiis dadgenilebebis da msoflio eklesiis
Tanxmobis gareSe gaauqma
Zveli iveriis sakaTalikoso, misi bolo kaTalikos-patriarqi ZaldatanebiT
gaasaxla ucxo qveyanaSi, saqarTvelos eklesias CamoarTva mamulebi, gaauqma
saqarTvelos eklesiis adgilobrivi krebebi mTeli saukunis manZilze
(avtokefaliis aRdgenamde), daavala saqarTvelos eklesias misi krebis
daudgenlad edResaswaula ruseTis eklesiis wmindanTa dReebi, agzavnida
saqarTvelos eklesiis mmarTvelad egzarqosebs da sxv.465. qarTuli eklesiis
Serwyma rusulTan im dros kanonikurad ar momxdara, radganac es SeiZleboda
momxdariyo mxolod kanonikur safuZvelze, e.i. saqarTvelosa da ruseTis
eklesiaTa adgilobrivi krebebis gadawyvetilebiT, aRmosavleTis patriarqTa
dasturiT, sinamdvileSi ki saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia gauqmebuli
iqna imperatoris neba-surviliT. jer kidev 1809 wlis 6 ivniss saqarTvelos
mTavarmarTebelma generalma tormasovma ruseTis uwmindesi sinodis winaSe
daayena sakiTxi saqarTvelos umaRlesi sasuliero sammarTvelo organos
dikasteriis Seqmnis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarq anton II-is
daqvemdebarebaSi. sabolood, imperatoris gadawyvetilebiT kaTalikosi Aanton
II 1810 wlis 3 noembers iZulebiT gagzavnes ruseTSi (faqtobrivad
dapatimrebuli, radganac miuyenes rusi mcvelebi, romlebsac TiTqosda igi
unda daecvaT, raTa gzaze romelime batoniSvils ar moetacna). 1811 wlis
TebervalSi generalma tormasovma sTxova uwmindes sinods Tavis egzarqosad
saqarTveloSi, kaTalikos-patriarqis nacvlad, daeniSna arqiepiskoposi varlam
erisTavi.
am
ukanasknelma
Seadgina
`proeqti
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
gardasaqmnelad~, romelic daamtkica imperatorma aleqsandre I-ma 1811 wlis 30
ivniss. am proeqtis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos eklesias saTaveSi unda Casdgomoda
specialuri organo _ dikasteria, romelSic mRvdelmTavrebTan erTad
arqimandritebica da dekanozebic unda Sesuliyvnen. mcxeTisa da qarTlis
mitropolits unda hqonoda uwmindesi sinodis egzarqosis wodeba. varlam
erisTavs uboZes egzarqosoba da daumtkices ruseTis uwmindesi sinodis
wevroba466. es moxda imperatoris brZanebiT.
1814 wlis 30 agvistos Seiqmna saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodaluri kantora
ruseTis uwmidesi sinodis daqvemdebarebaSi. egzarqosi iwoda saqarTveloimereTis egzarqosad, igi iyo Tavmjdomare kantorisa. amasTanave, quTaisSi
Seiqmna dikasteria imereTis, samegrelosa da guriis eklesiebis samarTavad.
1810-1811 wlebisaTvis aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi iyo Semdegi eparqiebi: 1.
mcxeTis; 2. sionis anu Tbilisis; 3. samTavros; 4. ruisis; 5. walkis; 6.
samTavisis; 7. urbnisis; 8. niqozis; 9. alaverdis; 10. ninowmindis; 11. rusTavis;
12. nekresis; 13. bodbis. maTi gamgeblobis qveS iyos 799 eklesia, 7
arqiepiskoposi, 746 mRvdeli, 146 diakvani, 661 eklesiis momsaxure, 75 beri, 6
arqimandriti (qvabTaxevisa, SiomRvimisa, ikorTisa, daviT garejis ioane
naTlismcemlisa, SuamTisa, largvisisa da Tirisa467), imereTSi iyo Semdegi
eparqiebi: 1. quTaisis; 2. gaenaTis; 3. xonis; 4. raWis _ 620 eklesiiTa da 15
monastriT, samegreloSi iyo 3 eparqia: 1. Wyondidis (martvilis); 2. caiSis; 3.
cageris - 233 eklesiiT. guriaSi iyo erTi eparqia _ ozurgeTisa. afxazeTi

Sedioda samegrelos eparqiaSi. magaliTad, samegrelos gaerTianebuli

eparqiis mitropoliti geronti papitaSvili (1859-1862) _ afxazeTis episkoposi
iyo.
saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodalur kantorasa da egzarqoss daevalaT
SeemcirebinaT saqarTvelos samRvdeloebis ricxvi, aRar moexdinaT axlebis
kurTxeva, radganac imperiaSi miaCndaT, rom maTi raodenoba isedac Zalze
didi iyo. aseve, Tavidanve miznad iyo dasaxuli SeemcirebinaT saqarTveloSi
saepisko-posoebis (eparqiebis) ricxvi. marTlac, saeklesio reformis Semdeg
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos 13 eparqia 2 eparqiad iqna gaerTianebuli. imereTis 4
eparqia, 1819 wlis 19 noembris brZanebiT, 1 eparqiad iqna gaerTianebuli, 1829
wlisaTvis samegreloSi 3-is nacvlad 1 eparqia iqna datovebuli, isic 1874 w.
gaauqmes, miuerTes imereTis kaTedras (samegrelos episkoposs ewoda vikaruli
episkoposi). guriis (jumaTis) samitropolito 1833 wels SeuerTes imereTis
eparqias. sxvadasxva wels sistematurad mimdinareobda eparqiaTa SeerTeba,
gauqmeba da kvlav aRdgena468.
ruseTis saxelmwifo xazinaSi ruseTis imperiam gadaricxa saqarTvelos
saeklesio miwebi, saerTo raodenobiT sul 539.649 desetina, agreTve, ruseTis
saxazino uwyebas gadaeca saeklesio glexebi _ 15147 komli. xazinisaTvis
gadacemuli
miwebis
fasi
ganisazRvra
680.031.250
maneTad
(faqtobriv
Rirebulebaze
naklebad).
am
mamulebis
sakompensaciod
saqarTvelos
saegzarqosos xazinidan yovelwliurad eZleoda 106.000 maneTi469
saeklesio mamulebis saxazino fondSi gadasvlis procesma gaiara 3
safexuri. I safexurze, 1811 wlidan 1841 wlamde, saeklesio aznaurebi TavianTi
yma-mamuliT gadairicxnen saxazino uwyebaSi, sekularizaciis II etapi moicavda
1843-1852 wlebs da ewodeboda _ `uZravi saeklesio mamulebis saxazino
uwyebaSi gadasvla~. III etapze, 1853-1869 wlebSi, yvela dasaxlebuli Tu
dausaxlebeli saeklesio miwa samudamod gadaeca saxazino mmarTvelobas,
kirionis azriT, amis sanacvlod sasuliero uwyebas eniSneboda yovelwliuri
Semosavali 760.000 maneTi470.
rogorc rusuli saeklesio-samoqalaqo kanonmdebloba gvamcnobs, ruseTis
uwmindes sinods uSualod emorCileboda ori sinodaluri kantora: moskovisa
da saqarTvelo-imereTisa (-), saqarTvelos eparqiebisaTvis
sinodis
ganyofilebis
movaleobas
asrulebda
`saqarTvelo-imereTis
sinodaluri kantora~ egzarqosis meTaurobiT. irCevda kandidatebs vakantur
adgilebze da udgenda sinods dasamtkiceblad~.
1. saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodalur kantoras Tavmjdomareobda saqarTvelos
egzarqosi. am kantoris wevrebs niSnavda uwmindesi sinodi471.
2. egzarqosi
iniSneboda
umaRlesi
(e.i.
saimperatoro)
brZanebulebiT,
uwmindesi sinodis wevris wodebiT (1811 wlis 30 ivlisis da 1817 wlis 14
martis brZanebulebiT).
3. saqarTvelo-imereTis kantora, uwmindesi sinodis mier dakisrebul uSualo
movaleobaTa garda, ixilavda agreTve eparqialuri mRvdelmTavrebisagan
miRebul saqmeebs (egzarqatis farglebSi) da wyvetda maT wevrebis saerTo
TanxmobiT. uTanxmoebis SemTxvevaSi, gadascemda uwmindes sinods472.
4. unda hyoloda uSualo meTvalyureobis qveS adgilobrivi berZnuli
samRvdeloeba, nebismieri darRveva unda ecnobebina sinodisaTvis, raTa mas

Tavis mxriv euwyebina patriarqebisaTvis da, saerTod, aRmosavleTis

eklesiebisa da monastrebis saqmeebze, romelnic Sediodnen egzarqatis
sazRvrebSi,
kontroli
unda
daewesebina472.
(igulisxmeba,
rom
saqarTvelosa da kavkasiaSi aRmosavleTis, e.i. antioqia-ierusalimis
patriarqebs TavianTi eklesia-monastrebi da mamulebi hqondaT).
5. kantoras evaleboda RvTismsaxurTa gasamarTleba da SeeZlo maTTvis
danaSaulisaTvis wodebis CamorTmeva472.
6. gascemda metrikul mowmobebs da samRvdeloTa mier gacemulT amowmebda.
7. mis gamgeblobaSi Sedioda qarTl-kaxeTis (saqarTvelos), imereTisa da
samegrelos yvela saeklesio qoneba, misi yvela SemosavliTa da gasavliT,
amitomac iRebda yvela mRvdelmTavrisagan angariSebs eparqiaTa mixedviT
da yovelwliurad amis Sesaxeb cnobas aZlevda uwmindes sinods472
8. saqarTvelo-imereTis
sinodaluri
kantoris
kancelaria
imyofeboda
uwmindesi
sinodis
oberprokuroris
mier
gamorCeuli
prokuroris
uwyebaSi472.
saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodalur kantoras ufro meti uflebamosileba
hqonda, vidre moskovisas.
saerTod, TviTon uwmindesi sinodi dawesda gauqmebuli rusuli
sapatriarqo mmarTvelobis (1588-1700 ww.) sanacvlod, 1721 wels imperator
petre I-is brZanebiT. uwmindes sinods urTierToba ministrebsa da umaRles
saero pirebTan unda hqonoda sinodis oberprokuroris saSualebiT. ruseTSi
patriarqobis Semdeg deformirebul iqna iqamde rusul saxelmwifosa da
eklesias Soris arsebuli simfonia. saxelmwifo warmarTavda yovelgvar
saeklesio saqmianobas, mkacrad akontrolebda saeklesio cxovrebas. krebebs
aRar iwvevdnen. maT nacvlad dadgenil iqna e.w. `mcire kreba _ uwmindesi
sinodi~, romelic gadaiqca saeklesio xelisuflebis umaRles organod. amave
dros uwmindesi sinodi iyo saxelmwifo dawesebuleba, senatis, saxelmwifo
sabWos anda ministrTa kabinetis msgavsad. sinodis yvela dadgenileba
gamodioda tvifriT: `misi imperatorobiTi udidebulesobis brZanebiT~, misi
vizireba unda moexdina agreTve sinodis oberprokurors473.
rogorc aRiniSna, 1815 wlidan dikasteria quTaisSic unda daarsebuliyo,
magram Seqmnili viTarebis gamo
rusulma xelisuflebam ver SeZlo
dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmeba.
mas meTaurobda
afxazTa kaTalikosis adgilze mjdomi mitropoliti dosiTeos quTaTeli
(wereTeli), romelsac 1798 wels solomon II-m uboZa kaTalikosoba, magram
dosiTeosma faqtobrivad ar ineba am umaRlesi titulis miReba, radganac
surda saqarTvelos eklesiuri gaerTianeba qarTlis kaTalikos-patriarqis
erTmTavrobiT. qveynis politikuri gaerTianebis momxre iyo gaenaTeli
mitropoliti eqvTime (efTvime ServaSiZe, guriis erisTavis Svili).
aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi saeklesio qoneba aRweres da igi saqarTveloimereTis sinodalur kantoras dauqvemdebares. imereTSi rusebs eklesiis
qonebis aRwera xalxma ar daaneba, miuxedavad egzarqos varlamisa da 1817
wlidan egzarqos Teofane rusanovis mcdelobisa. imereTis saeklesio ajanyeba
usastikesad CaaxSves 1820 wels. eklesiis damoukideblobisaTvis mebrZoli
mitropolit dosiTeos quTaTelis Sesaxeb gaica brZaneba: `Tu cocxali igdeT
xelT _ mokaliT, magram misi cxedari mand ar datovoT, saqarTvelos gareT
unda davmarxoT~. dosiTeosi cemiT mokles tomaraSi xelfexSekruli.

eqvTime genaTeli Seipyres da novgorodSi gadaasaxles. imereTis oTxi

saepiskoposo gauqmda da maT nacvlad Seiqmna erTi eparqia _ 618 eklesiiT, 15
monastriT, 693 mRvdliT, 1800 saeklesio glexis komliT, 130 saeklesio
aznauris komliT, 186 saeklesio aznaurebis glexebis komliT, saeklesio
qoneba imarTeboda saeklesio mouravebis institutis mier474. `saqarTveloimereTis sinodaluri kantora saqarTvelos egzarqosis TavmjdomareobiT~
Sedgeboda oTxi wevrisagan: 3 arqimanditi da 1 dekanozi775.
saqarTvelos saegzarqosos umTavresi mizani iyo aTaswleulTa manZilze
dagrovili qarTuli saeklesio qonebis gadacema ruseTis xazinisaTvis, rasac
miaRwies XIX s-is 50-ian wlebSi, amis Semdeg umTavres orientirad daisaxa
qarTveli xalxis garuseba rusuli saeklesio mmarTvelobis meSveobiT. am
epoqaSi rusuli eklesia da misi nawili saqarTvelos saegzarqoso imperiuli
mmarTvelobis Semadgeneli erTeuli iyo.
7. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg
1917 wlis krebebma (marti-seqtemberi) aRadgina saqarTvelos eklesiis
avtokefalia, mas saTaveSi Caudga uwmindesi da unetaresi sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi.
am krebebiT daiwyo axali periodi Cveni erisa da eklesiis cxovrebaSi
kvlavindeburad aRdgenil iqna adgilobrivi saeklesio krebebis, rogorc
umaRlesi sakanonmdeblo organoebis mowveva. 1917 wlidan 1995 wlis CaTvliT
krebaTa angariSebi mocemulia Sesabamis adgilze. maT Soris aRsaniSnavia is
krebebi, romelTac gamosces `marTva-gamgeobis debulebebi~. isini 1917, 1920,
1928, 1945, 1995 wlebSi gamoica.
miuxedavad amisa, saqarTvelos eklesias samarTlis sferoSi ukve aRar
eWira is adgili, romelic tradiciuli iyo misTvis, vidre TiTqmis
avtokefaliis gauqmebamde.
ruseTis wmida sinodisa da imperiis saxelmwifo moxeleebisaTvisac ki
cnobili iyo is faqti, rom XX s. avtokefaluri moZraoba miznad isaxavda
ara mxolod saeklesio damoukideblobis aRdgenas, aramed mis saboloo
mizans warmoadgenda saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgena (`Tavisufal
eklesias gverdiT amovuyenoT damoukidebeli saqarTvelo~ _ leonides
sityvebia).
avtokefaluri
moZraobis
wiaRSi
warmoiSva
idea
saqarTvelos
administraciuli gaerTianebisa. saqme is iyo, rom imJamad arsebobda
Tbilisisa da quTaisis guberniebi, soxumis, zaqaTalisa da baTumis okrugebi,
magram erTiani administraciuli erTeuli `saqarTvelo~ ar arsebobda.
qarTveli eris konsolidaciisaTvis am ueWvelad pirvelxarisxovan problemas
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miapyro 1904-1917 wlebSi Catarebulma uamravma,
TiTqmis 100-ze metma saeklesio krebam, ufro metic, swored qarTuli eklesiis
wiaRSi da masTan daaxloebul inteligentTa wreebSi Camoyalibda axali idea,
rom ruseTis imperiis wiaRSi ara mxolod Camoyalibebuliyo administraciuli
erTeuli `saqarTvelo~, aramed mas hqonoda saxelmwifoebrivi avtonomiac.
saqarTvelos
avtonomiis
moTxovnas
sastikad
ewinaaRmdegebodnen
saqarTveloSi imJamad liderobis mqone socialisturi orientaciis partiebi,

saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg 1918-1921 wlebSi arsebul

saxelmwifos saTaveSi Caudgnen iqamde misi Tavisuflebis mowinaaRmdege
socialistebi (menSevikebi), amasTan, isini aRmoCndnen mkveTrad gamoxatuli
aTeisturi orientaciisa (iseve, rogorc maTi Tanapartieli bolSevikebi
ruseTSi), amis gamo moxda ise, rom sabWoTa ruseTis mier saqarTvelos
okupaciamde (25.02.1921) ramdenime dRiT adre xelisuflebam miiRo saqarTvelos
konstitucia,
romelSic
mTlianad
iyo
ignorirebuli
saqarTvelos
aTaswlovani samociqulo eklesia, ufro metic, saqarTvelos saxelmwifos
Semqmneli mraval-milioniani qarTveli xalxis erovnuli sarwmunoeba
marTlmadidebloba gaTanabrebuli iyo qveyanaSi arsebul mcire samwysos
mqone sxvadasxva konfesiebTan. ase, rom saqarTvelos saxelmwifos Seqmnis
erT-erTi iniciatori da misTvis ideurad TavdadebiT mebrZoli qarTuli
eklesia `gamoyves~ saxel-mwifosagan. amiT mTlianad gadaWres eklesiis
normaluri arsebobisa da ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro ekonomikuri ZarRvi.
qarTuli eklesia kerZo organizaciad gadaiqca. amgvar qmedebebs Sedegad
mohyva qveyanaSi erovnul-patriotuli suliskveTebis dacema, nihilizmi, ramac
gauadvila ruseTs saqarTvelos xelmeore okupacia da aneqsireba 1921 wels,
Camoyalibda axali urTierToba eklesiasa da saxelmwifos Soris. XX s-Si
arsebul
am
urTierTobas
kargad
gamoxatavs
`saqarTvelos
sabWoTa
socialisturi respublikis kanonmdebloba eklesiis Sesaxeb~, kerZod misi me11 muxlis Tanaxmad `eklesia CamoSorebulia saxelmwifos, skola _ eklesias~.
1921 wlis 15 aprils dekretis `saxelmwifos eklesiisa da eklesiisagan
skolis gamoyofis Sesaxeb~ me-14 muxlis Tanaxmad, `saeklesio da religiur
sazogadoebebs ara aqvT neba kerZo sakuTrebis flobisa, agreTve iuridiuli
pirovnebebis uflebasac moklebulni arian~. msgavsia am dekretis yvela
muxli, sinamdvileSi, eklesiaze uxeSad zemoqmedebda saxelmwifo Tavisi
damsjeli manqanis meSveobiT, romlis erT xilul nawils XX s. II naxevarSi
`religiur saqmeTa rwmunebulis aparati~ ewoda.
XX s-is 90-ian wlebSi ssrk-is rRvevis Sedegad kvlav warmoiSva
damoukidebeli saqarTvelos saxelmwifo. samwuxarod, jerjerobiT ar Cans
arsebiTi niSani imisa, rom simfoniuri urTierToba erovnul eklesiasa da
erovnul
saxelmwifos
Soris,
romelic
damaxasiaTebeli
iyo
Zvel
saqarTvelosaTvis, kvlav aRdges, rom eklesia ar iyos kanonmdeblobiT
gamoyofili saxelmwifoebriv-saqyveyno cxovrebidan. arc im faqts eqceva
yuradReba, rom msoflios umravles demokratiul qveynebSi arseboben
`erovnuli~, `saxalxo~ saxelmwifoebrivi statusis mqone eklesiebi, romelTac
miniWebuli aqvT ufleba kurirebdnen aRzrda-ganaTlebisa da socialur
sistemebs,
yuradReba
miapyron
xalxis
moralur-zneobrivi
saxis
gaumjobesebas.
risTvisac
eZlevaT
Sesabamisi
subsidiebi,
imedia,
es
mdgomareoba CvenSic gaumjobesdeba.
am mxriv did imeds gvisaxavs 2002 wlis 14 oqtombers saqarTvelos
uwmidesi da unetaresi kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-isa da saqarTvelos
prezidentis mier xelmowerili `konstituciuri SeTanxmeba saqarTvelos
saxelmwifosa
da
saqarTvelos
samociqulo
eklesiis
avtokefalur
marTlmadidebel eklesias Soris~. es dokumenti damtkicebulia parlamentisa
da wmida sinodis mier da amJamad ZalaSia Sesuli.

nawili II.
Tavi I.
saqarTvelos eklesiis
sakanonmdeblo krebebi

1. ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebis `Zegliswera~

ruis-urbnisis cnobil saeklesio krebas mravali gamokvleva miuZRvnes
gamoCenilma
qarTvelma
mecnierebma.
ivane
javaxiSvilis
azriT,
igi
`Cveulebrivi, morigi kreba ki ara, aramed sagangebo da gansakuTrebuli
yriloba yofila~476.

unda aRiniSnos, rom e. gabiZaSvili krebis mowvevis TariRad miiCnevs 1105

wels477. tradiciuli TvalsazrisiT, es kreba 1103 wels moiwvia daviT
aRmaSenebelma. r. metrevelis mixedviT, kreba mowveul iqna 1104 wels478. 1103
wliT krebis daTariRebas xels TiTqosda is uSlis, rom krebis Zegliswera
asea dasaTaurebuli: `Zegliswera wmidisa da RmrTivSekrebulisa krebisa,
romeli Semokrba brZanebiTa keTilad msaxurisa da RmrTiv dacvulisa mefisa
Cuenisa daviT afxazTa da qarTvelTa, ranTa da kaxTa mefisaTa, pirTaTs,
romelni quemo mosenebul arian~479. miRebuli TvalsazrisiT ki, 1103
wlisaTvis kaxeT-hereTi mefes mierTebuli ar hqonda, maSasadame, arc
Sesabamisi tituli gaaCnda, magram am Zeglisweris dasaTaureba SeiZleba
gviani periodis iyos. saerTod ki, k. kekeliZis azriT, `Zegliswera~ metad
sayuradRebo naSTia qarTuli iuridiuli mwerlobisa da ara marto
qarTulis, aramed sazogadoisac, ramdenadac imaSi aRibeWda sazogado
saeklesio-iuridiuli normebi~480.
Zegliswera iwyeba saRvTismetyvelo vrceli SesavliT. saqarTveloSi
qristianobis
gavrcelebis
Sesaxeb
masSi
gadmocemulia
fundamenturi
Tvalsazrisi, rom andria mociqulma mxolod dasavleT anda samxreT
saqarTveloSi ki ar iqadaga, aramed `mTel saqarTveloSi~ da mis dros ara
qarTvelTa erTma jgufma miiRo qristianoba qveynis romelime kuTxeSi _
aramed mTeli qarTveli eris umetesobam. II-III saukuneebSi qristianoba
idevneboda da qristianTa ricxvic Semcirda, amitomac saWiro Seiqna wmida
ninos qadageba, samefo saxlis moqceva. Zegliswera yuradRebas miapyrobs, rom
wmida ninom mxolod aRmosavleT saqarTvelo ki ar gaanaTla, aramed
sruliad saqarTvelo, mTeli qarTveli eri. Tu raoden didmniSvnelovania
aseTi Tvalsazrisi, iqidanac Cans, rom dResac ki wmida ninos aRmosavleT
saqarTveloSi moRvawed da mefe mirians aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mefed
miiCneven, Zeglisweris mixedviT ki mefe miriani sruliad saqarTvelos mefe
iyo da mis dros rogorc dasavleTma, ise aRmosavleT saqarTvelom
erTdroulad miiRo qristianoba. ase rom, XI-XII saukuneTa saqarTveloSi
erovnuli TviTSemecneba, erisa da qveynis sulieri mTlianobis Segneba
gacilebiT ufro maRal doneze idga, vidre Semdgom, dRevandel dRemde.
Sesabamisi teqsti aseTia: `...pirvelwodebuli andria, Zma Tavisa mociqulTaisa
petresi, vidre Cvendamdeca moiwia da qadaga sacxorebeli qadageba saxarebisa
yovelsa qveyanasa saqarTveloisasa da uricxvni simravleni erTani ganaSora
sacdurisagan... umravlesman erman qarTlisaman simravlesa Sina Jamisasa
daiviwya qadagebai igi mociqulTai da sacTurisave mimarT kerpTaisa
miaqcia~481. amitomac RmerTma mogvivlina wmida nino, romelmac `sarwmunoebasa
mimarT Tvisisa miizida yoveli savseba yovlisa qarTvelTa naTesavisa~482.
mis qadagebaTa Semdgom qarTvelTa mefem mirianma konstantine didis nebiT
mcxeTaSi Camoiyvana antioqieli patriarqi evstaTi: `wmidaTa mier xelTa misTa
naTel-iRo man da yovelman erman qarTlisaman~482. rogorc aRvniSneT, teqstSi
xazgasmulia mTeli qarTveli erisa da mTeli saqarTvelos erTdrouli
gaqristianeba Savi zRvidan somxeT-albaneTamde. aRsaniSnavia, rom es wyaro
`saqarTvelos~ uwodebs mTel qarTvelTa qveyanas, rogorc mociqulTa, ise
wmida ninos dros. amJamad ki zogierTi mkvlevari krZalavs sityva
`saqarTvelos~ moxseniebas XI saukunemde. maTi mtkicebiT, es termini

TiTqosda mxolod XI saukuneSi gaCnda da amitomac mxolod mis Semdeg unda

iqnes gamoyenebuli istoriuli faqtebis gadmocemisas. rogorc aRiniSna, ruisurbnisis Zegliswera mociqulTa da wmida ninos droindel qarTvelTa
qveyanas rogorc dasavleT, ise aRmosavleT nawilebs `saqarTvelos~ uwodebs.
amitomac CvenTvis swored Zeglisweris midgoma unda iyos arsebiTi da ara
aRniSnuli mkvlevarebisa, amitomac `saqarTvelo~ unda vuwodoT qarTvelTa
qveyanas XI saukunemdec.
aRsaniSnavia meore terminologiuri midgomac. amJamad miCneulia, rom
qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs `kaTolikosi~ ewodeba V saukunis Semdeg da am
sityvasTan akavSireben qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis mopovebas, magram
ruis-urbnisis krebis Zegliswera `kaTalikoss~ uwodebs qarTuli eklesiis
pirvelive meTaurs IV saukuneSi. antioqielma evstaTim pirveli qarTuli
eklesiis aSenebis Semdeg, `xeldasxmul-yo mas Sina maTTvis episkoposikaTolikosi~483. aseve efrem mcirec `kaTalikoss~ uwodebs qarTuli eklesiis
pirvel meTaurs IV saukuneSi. marTlac, IV saukuneSi qristianobis
saxelmwifoebrivi aRiareba da mTeli qveynis momcveli qarTuli eklesiis
organizeba, misi mkacri ierarqiuli struqturidan gamomdinare, swored imas
gulisxmobda, rom mefis qalaqSi mjdomi episkoposi iqca qveynis sayovelTao
ierarqad, sayovelTao episkoposad, romelsac unda daqvemdebarebodnen qveynis
provinciaTa episkoposebi. `kaTalikosi~ swored sayovelTao episkoposs erqva
berZnulad,
amitomac
Tuki
qristianoba
namdvilad
saerTo-saxalxo
sarwmunoebad iqca IV saukuneSi da imave dros organizebul iqna qarTuli
eklesia, mis pirvel mRvdelmTavars sayovelTao sasuliero Zalaufleba unda
gaevrcelebina kidec mTel qveyanaze. qarTuli eklesiis meTauris dadgenis
cnobis mowodebis Semdeg, `Zegliswera~ exeba msoflio krebaTa kanonebs,
gadmoscems maT da agreTve eklesiis wmida mamaTa mier gamocemul kanonebsac.
kerZod, ruis-urbnisis kreba aRiarebs Svidi msoflio krebis, adgilobrivi
krebebisa da mamaTa mier mocemul kanonebs, `es aris wmida da saeklesio
kanonTa krebuli, dabeWdili da Senaxuli yovelgvari Sematebisa da moklebis
gareSe. amaTi codna, miyola da mtkiced pyroba marTebs yvela qristianul
madideblobis winamZRvar mRvdelmTavars, mRvdlebsa da diakvnebs, Cven Soris
moZRvrad
saxeldebul
monazvnebs
da
mTlianad
da
sruliad
marTlmadidebelT eklesias~484.
amis Semdeg `Zegliswera~ gadmoscems macxovris qveynad mosvlis mizezebsa
da mniSvnelobas, Tu rogor `mogveca pirvelad bunebiTi da merme dawerili
rjuli~. aRwers, Tu ra didi mniSvneloba aqvs `qristesmoyvare eris
sasuliero dasTan erTxmobas~, rom `amisTvis iqna qristesmoyvare da
RvTivdaculi
mefeebis
mier
RvTismoyvare
episkoposebis
da
RvTis
saTnomyofeli mamebis krebebis mowveva drodadro, rom saqmiT srulyofili
sarwmunoebiT RmerTTan SeaerTon qristianebi~385; rom maTi magaliTisamebr
daviT aRmaSenebelma gadawyvita moewvia saeklesio kreba. iqve kidev erTxel
xazgasmiT aRiniSna, rom kreba sarwmunoebrivi sakiTxebis ganxilvas ar
eZRvneboda, radganac qarTvelTa sarwmunoeba ubiwo iyo warsulSi da arc
arasodes raime biwi ar Sexebia. maSasadame, kreba Sedga saeklesio tradiciis
Sesabamisad, rogorc warsulSi RvTismoyvare mefeebi iwvevdnen krebebs.
`amitom Seikriba RvTismoyvare episkoposTa, patiosan mRvdelTa, Rirs
diakvanTa, qristesmoyvare monazonTa, dayudebulTa da meudabnoeTa kreba

qarTlis midamoebSi, or axlos mdebare saepiskoposoSi ruissa da urbnisSi.

qarTvelTa ubiwo sarwmunoebas raime biwi ar Sexebia, es RmerTma nu qnas! ar
gecruvnebiT Sen, Cveni siwmidiT mSobelo wmida kaTolike eklesiav, arca
gagcemT Sen Cveno siamayev marTlmadideblobav, romlisaTvisac arasodes
gviRalatia, rac misi Secnobis Rirsni gavxdiT, da risi mowmec WeSmaritebaa.
es Sekreba moxda sxva, saeklesio, samRvdelo da saqristiano sakiTxebis
ZiebisaTvis~485.
`ara gecruvnebiT Sen, siwmidiT mSobelo Cveno kaTolike eklesiao, arca
gangceT
Sen,
siqadulo
Cveno
marTlmadideblobao~486.
krebas
Tavmjdomareobda `yovlisa saqarTveloisa didi mamamTavari (e.i. patriarqi)
yovlad Rirsi mTavarepiskoposi-kaTalikosi~ ioane, e.i. ioane iyo patriarqi
(mamamTavari), kaTalikosi da mTavarepiskoposi.
krebam Tavis mier gamocemuli kanonebis pirveli muxliT gankveTa uRirsi
episkoposebi, romlebic `Rirseulad ver atarebdnen mRvdelmTavris pativs~.
isini krebas arc wyevliT `Seukravs~ da arc SeuCvenebia, aramed misca
eriskacebTan
erTad
ziarebis
neba.
isini
unda
yofiliyvnen
mefis
mowinaaRmdege episkoposebi. maT nacvlad SeirCnen sxvebi _ `asakiTac da
saqmiTac sarwmunoni~.
krebis kanonebis meore muxlic episkoposTa asaks Seexeba, rom araa saWiro
maTi kurTxevis dros sulmokleoba da aCqareba. dadginda: episkoposi
xeldasxmul iqnes ocdaTxuTmeti wlisa, mRvdeli ocdaaTi wlisa, diakvani
ocdaxuTi wlisa, wignismkiTxveli rva wlisa (e. gabiZaSvilis mixedviT ara
rva, aramed Tvrameti wlisa).
mesame muxliT aikrZala uwesoba, roca vinme erTsa da imave dRes iRebda
xeldasxmas wignismkiTxvelad, ipodiakvnad, diakvnad da episkoposadac. Tu
raime saWiro mizezi ar aris asaCqareblad, kandidatebma `weli da wlebi unda
dayon TiToeul xarisxSi, ufro metad diakvnobaSi*.~
meoTxe muxliT eklesiebSi gamosayeneblad dakanonda giorgi mTawmidelis
mier Targmnili `didi kurTxevani~.
mexuTe muxliT aikrZala meqrTameoba xeldasxmisas (simonia). damnaSave
ganikveTeboda.
meeqvse muxliT aikrZala nivTebis, siwmideTa WurWlis, eklesiis qonebisa
da oqro-vercxlis moxmareba raime saqmisaTvis, `tyveTa gamosaxsneladac ki~.
meSvide muxliT aikrZala eklesiis gareT naTliscema, qorwineba,
monazvnad aRkveca da sxv.
merve muxliT gvirgvinis pirvelad da meored kurTxevis Jams nefededoflis ziarebis neba gaica.
mecxre muxliT ganisazRvra, rom meored gvirgvinis kurTxevis Semdeg
mRvdeli ar unda misuliyo qorwilis sufraze. meored jvriswera
nebadarTuli iyo, magram eklesiisaTvis ar iyo saTno.
meaTe muxliT dadginda akrZalva Cvili bavSvebis jvriswerisa, magram maT
mSoblebs neba miecaT Cvili qal-vaJis daniSvnisa. srulwlovanebis miRebis
Semdeg ki neba eZleodaT jvriswerisa, am dros qali ar unda yofiliyo 12
welze umcrosi.
meTerTmete muxli exeboda qorepiskoposebs. isini sjulis da wignis
mcodneni da uangaroni unda yofiliyvnen.

meTormete muxliT Semcirda monastrebSi e.w. `moZRvrebis~ ricxvi (eseni

iyvnen `rjulis mcodneni~, ~merCuleni~), maTi simravle iyo `mravali SfoTisa
da ganxeTqilebis mizezi~ monasterSi mxolod erTi moZRvari (didSi ki
SeiZleba oric) unda yofiliyo (iqamde (erT monasterSi) 5-dan 30-mde iyvnen).
mecamete muxliT aikrZala monastrebSi vaWroba, e.i. eris savaWro Sekreba.
meToTxmete muxliT dadginda: `erT sakurTxevelTan erTi da imave
Sesawiravis SewirviT mravali sulisaTvis mravali mRvdlis mier Jamiswirva
wesi ar aris da ukugdebulia~487. dadginda, rom wirva dayenebuliyo ara erTi
romelime pirisaTvis, aramed yvela qristianisaTvis. erTi kacisaTvis
(cocxlis an micvalebulisaTvis) wirvis dayeneba SeiZleboda mxolod patara
samkveTloSi an egvterSi (eklesiis StoSi).
meTxuTmete muxliT dadginda marTlmadideblobaSi Sesuli yofili
monofizitis (ZvelqarTuliT `xaCecaris~) monaTvla.
meTeqvsmete
muxliT
aikrZala
marTlmadideblebis
qorwineba
aramarTlmadideblebTan.
meCvidmete muxlSi aRniSnulia, rom didkacobaSi Sesula Cveva ~kidis-kide~
jvriswerisa, roca jvrisweris dros siZe sxva adgilas iyo, dedofali ki sxva
sofelsa Tu qalaqSi. maT jvars werdnen aseTi saxiT: siZesTan dgeboda
dedoflis warmomadgeneli mamakaci, qalTan ki siZis warmomadgeneli mamakaci,
romelTac jvars werdnen. jvrisweris aseTi saxe, ivane javaxiSvilis Tanaxmad,
im droisaTvis miRebuli yofila dasavleT evropaSi. qarTulma eklesiam igi
akrZala gankanonebiT.
meTvramete muxlSi naTqvamia, rom sodomelTa codvam daamxo sparsTa,
midielTa, somexTa da sxva samefoebi. `ar viciT rogor SemoaRwia am
ukeTurebam qristes moRvawed saxeldebul erSi~, e.i. saqarTveloSi. muxlSi
aRiniSna, rom am codvis mqnelni `ar daimkvidreben kurTxevas~.
mecxramete muxli mimarTulia xatebis Tayvaniscemis uarmyofelTa
winaaRmdeg: `cxadia, RvTis xatis Tayvanismcemeli RmerTs scems Tayvans misi
saSualebiT da RvTis xatis maginebeli RmerTs aginebs ueWvelad, rogorc
wers amas wmidaTa Soris didi basili~488. xatmebrZoli gankveTiT daisjeboda.
krebis mdivani yofila `mefe daviTis monazoni arseni~, romelmac, Cans,
krebis oqmi miarTva mefes Sesabamisi miZRvniT, rac Tan axlavs `Zeglisweras~.
krebam mravalJamieri sicocxle usurva mefe-dedoflebsa da eklesiis
meTaurebs, saukuno xseneba usurva Rirs saeklesio moRvaweebs.
ruis-urbnisis kreba gvaZlevs msoflio da adgilobriv krebaTa Semdeg
CamonaTvals:
I. pirveli msoflio kreba: _ `mefeman kostantine Sekriba pirveli da
msoflio wmida kreba nikeas samas aT rva metTa wmidaTa mamaTani,
romelTa dasxnes kanonni ricxT ocni~489.
II. `meore wmida da msoflio kreba kostantinopolis asergasisTa wmidaTa
mamaTa, romelTa kanonni arian ricxT Svid~489.
III. `mesame efesosa wmida da msoflio kreba mcirisa Tevdosis mefisa mier
Sekrebuli, romelman dasxna kanonni rvani~489.
IV. `meoTxe xalkidons eqvsas ocdaaTTa wmidaTa mamaTa msoflio kreba
keTilad msaxurisa markiane mefisa mier Semokrebuli da ganmawesebeli
kanonTa ricxviT ocdarvaTa~489.

V. `mexuTeman wmidaman da msoflioman kostantinopolis Sekrebulman krebaman

mcired izruna saeklesioTa kanonTa ganwesebisaTs~489.
VI. `meequseman wmidaman da msoflioman krebaman iustinianes ze keTilad
msaxurisa mefisa gumbadsa Sina sameufosa palatisasa Sekrebulman aRavso
daklebuli misi... dasxna kanonni ricxviT as da orni, kualad nikiisa
meoreman wmidaman krebaman dasxna kanonni aT rva metni~489.
VII. `wmidasa da meSvidesa wmidaTa xatTaTvis Sekrebulsa msofliosa krebasa
ganuwesebian kanonni ricxviT samni oden490.
ruis-urbnisis kreba aRniSnulTa garda CamoTvlis Semdeg `adgilobiT~
krebebs I msoflio krebamde:
`pirveli ankrias, romelsa daesxnes kanonni ocdaoTxni~489.
`meore neokesarias, damsxmeli kanonTa aToTxmetTai489.
I msoflio krebis Semdeg `adgilobiTi krebani~: ~Rangrisa, romlisa
kanonni arian oc~489.
`antioqiisa, damsxmeli kanonTa ocdaxuTTa~489.
`laodikiisa frigvisa da kanonni misni ocdaerTni~489.
IV msoflio krebis Semdeg `adgilobiTi kreba~:
`karTagenisa da kanonni misni asocdaaTrvametni~489.
`gumbadis~ (trulis) krebis Semdeg: `arian sxuanica orni masve sameufosa
qalaqsa eklesiasa Sina wmidaTa da yovlad qebulTa mociqulTasa Sekrebulni
krebani, romelTa ganuCenian kanonni ricxT aTSvidmetni~491.
msoflio krebaTa kanonebis Semdeg ruis-urbnisis kreba CamoTvlis `mamaTa
mier ganwesebul~ kanonebs:
1. `dionsios aleqsandriel mTavarepiskoposisa kanonni oTxni~491;
2. `petre aleqsandrielTa mRvdelTmTavrisa da mowamisa kanonni aTxuT
metni~;
3. `grigoli episkoposisa neokesarielisa sakvirvelTmoqmedisa epistole
kanoniani~;
4. `didisa basilis kanonni oTxmeocdaxuTni~, misive `kanoniani epistoleebi~:
diodores, grigol xucis, `xorepiskoposTa~, `mis queSeTa episkoposTa~,
`amfiloqes mimarT~;
5. `grigoli noselisa kanonni rvani~;
6. timoTe aleqsandrielisa kanonni aTxuTmetni;
7. filoTeos aleqsandrielis sityva, 10 kanoni, 3 epistole;
8. kirile aleqsandrieli mTavarepiskoposis 7 kanoni;
9. wm. genadi konstantinopoleli patriarqis epistole491.

ruis-urbnisis krebis kanonebi

[Zegliswera ruis-urbnisis krebisa]
[1103 w.]
Zegliswera wmidisa da RmrTiv Sekrebulisa krebisa, romeli Semokrba
brZanebiTa keTilad msaxurisa da RmrTiv-dacvulisa mefisa Cuenisa daviT
afxazTa da qarTvelTa, ranTa da kaxTa mefisasa, pirTaTs romelni quemo
mosenebul arian.
[sruli teqsti]
yovlisave xilulisa da uxilavisa soflisa da yovelTave sacnaurTa da
grZnobadTa bunebaTa araarsisagan arsebad momyvanebelman RmerTman uxilavTa
maT da zesTa soflisaTa ZalTa buneba ukudavebiTa da uxrwnelebiTa Seamko;
xolo quenasa amis soflisaganni yovelni qmnisa da xrwnilebisa Soris
ganawesna.
amissa Semdgomad moigona axali rame da ucxo dabadebuli, romelsa
TT mis Tavadisaca dambadebelisa, da sityerisa da pirutysa da yovlisave
agebulisa bunebisa ziareba Tavsa Soris Tssa moaqundes. da mis mier,
viTarca sazogadosa sakrvelisa mier, SeerTebad RmrTisa Semokrbebodin
yovelni
dabadebulni;
da
Tanad
xuTnive
saxeni
yovelTa
arsTa
ganyofilebisani daisnebodin; romeli viTarca meore rame sofeli mcire
didsa Sina, anu didi mciresa Sina, daadgina queyanasa zeda, RmrTiv Suenieri
igi da didebuli samoTxe daasxa aRmosavalsa edemisasa.
garna vinaTgan man nivTad TTmflobelisa micemuli misda sjuli
winaukumod
saRmrTosa
nebisa
iumia,
da
SuriTa
eSmakisaTa
da
ganmcdelobiTa dedakacisaTa cdomili Zelisa misgan cxorebisa da
samoTxisa da RmrTisa siborotisaTs eqsoria iqmna da sikudiliTa da
xrwnilebiTa dasjili, bevreulTa vnebaTa da ZrTa mier uflebul iqmna.
rameTu pirvelad sisxlTa mier ZmisaTa mewamul myofelman elTaman kain
kualad meorisa RmrTisa mierisa wyevisa Tanamdeb yo queyana.
merme siboroteman gmirTaman Senaneba arwmuna dambadebelsa ucxosa mis
cxovelisa kacisa esoden sakvirvelebiT dabadebisa; da wyliTa rRunisaTa
aRoca yovlisa aRmdgomisa pirisagan miwisa.

amissa Semdgomad, silaRiTman elyofaman godlis maSenebelTaman,

SerevniTa enaTaTa da mimodayofiTa naTesavTaTa, meoTxed dasaja naTesavi
kacTa.
xolo gamoCinebaman kerpTa siborgilisaman da nacvalad dambadebelisa
msaxurebaman dabadebulisaman sruliad ganaSora da ucxo yo kaci Semoqmedisa
RmrTisagan.
merme RaRadebaman sodomelTa sibilwiT slvisaman wunwubasa Tana
aRreuliTa cecxliTa mowuvad aiZula soflebi xuT qalaqisa.
kualad gulficxelobasa faraosasa da usaxurebasa megptelTasa
ucxoTa mZlavrebaTaTs ucxo miego misagebeli, da guamTa maTTa _ ucxod
dammarxveli saflavebi.
amissa Semdgomad didi mose, Sjuli, mRdeloba, msxuerplni, salxinebelni
TiTo saxeni, msajulni, mefoba, winaswar-metyueleba, yofadTa winaswari
cnoba, saxis SecvalebiTni RmrTis gamocxadebani.
mermeca
kualad
kerpTmsaxureba,
TT
mis
moses
mier
egptiT
gamoyvanebulisa da sjuldebulisa, da esodenTa pativTa Rirs-qmnulisa, da
pirmSod Zed aRsarebulisa erisa.
amissa Semdgomad kualad mZlavreba, kualad tyueoba mravalgzis
mravalTa naTesavTa, da ukuanasknel babilovnelTa mieri, romelTa mefisa
RmrTis wina-aRmdgomsa mogonebasa saqmiT amxiles samTa maT WabukTa
israitelTa, raJams sakrvelTa rkinisaTa ganmlevelman saumilman Seuxeblad
daicvna maTni advilad gansalevnelni Tmani da Sesamoselni, mermeca kualad
qalaqi da taZari, kualad sjuli da mRdeloba.
da raodenni ra iyvnes sjulisani, da sakrvelisa mis sjulierisa
msaxurebisani, garna verca erTi ra pirvel TqumulTa amaTgani SemZlebel
iqmna kurnebad bunebisa, ginaTu mtanjvelobiTa da saSinelebaTa, anu qvelismoqmedebiTTa sitkboebaTagani, romelTa Tana sjulnica uqm iyvnes, bunebiTsa
vity da dawerilsa, da uZlieresi samar iyo wamali salmobaTaTs
uborotesTa.
amisTs, TT guamovani igi sibrZne da Zali da Tana-arsi RmrTisa mamisa
sityua, romeli dasabamad iyo, da RmrTisa Tana iyo, da maradis iyo, movida
xatisa Tsisa da uxrwnelTa maTgan da yovlad ubiwoTa sisxlTa
WeSmaritebiT, da sakuTrad RmrTis-mSobelisa maradis qalwulisaTa orcni
Seimosna orcTaTs, da sulsa goniersa da sityersa Seezava, sulisaTs
Cuenisa msgavsiTa msgavssa ganwmedad, rameTu miuRebeli ukurnebelca ars. da
Tsisa qmnulisa wil TT miiTuala brZola.
da esreT, yovelive orcTa mieri gangebuleba, juarisa Tana vnebaTa,
saflavsa da RmrTiv-Sueniersa aRdgomasa, srul yo ra, queyanasa zeda
didebiT aRmavalman zecad, waravlinna aTormetni mowafeni Tsni, romelTaca
mociqulad uwoda, raTa RmrTis mecnierebisa naTliTa, yovliT kerZo
soflisaT ganadon bneli uRmrToebisa, da, saxelisa mimarT wmidisa
samebisa naTlis-cemiTa, aswaon Tayuaniscema Tana-arsisa erT RmrTeebisa, da,
damarxviTa sacxorebelTa mcnebaTaTa, kualad agnen kacni pirvelsave
netarebiTsa didebasa.
eseni, viTarca Saravandedni mzisa mis simarTlisani, ganefinnes ra kideTa
queyanisaTa,
yoveli
nivTi
kerpborgneulisa
uRmrToebisa
maxliTa

sulisaTa moWres da cecxliTa sarwmuneobisaTa mowues; da erquniTa

juarisaTa moiornatnes gulni SemwynarebelTa kacTani.
da dasTeses maT Soris Tesli keTilad msaxurisa sarwmunoebisa da
mxolosa da WeSmaritisa RmrTisa msaxurebiTi Tayuaniscema; mravalTa da
sicruviT mopovnebulTa RmerTTa wil RmrTiv-SuenierebiT aswaves; da
sakerpoTa maT wil taZarTa da bomonTa, simravleni eklesiaTa da
sakurTxevelTani aRumarTnes RmerTsa, yovliT kerZo queyanisaT.
da siZulili soflisa da mteroba orcTa rwmunebiT aswaves maT,
romelTa-igi RmrTad Seeracxa sofeli da orcielTa gemoTa mZlavrebisada
monad miecnes Tavni; da gancofebuli igi sibrZne ellenebrisa siCqurisa
vieTisame, simartiviTa RmrTiv-swavlulisa maTda sibrZnisaTa, romlisaTs
igi pavles hbasrobdes aTinelni, yovlad sibrZniT mxilebul-yves, da arca
erTisa sitysa, Rirsad gamoaCinnes maTni igi zRaparT-mwerlobiTni
elovnebani.
da didisa klimintosis mier dasxnes kanonni saeklesioni, ricxT
oTxmeocdaxuTni.
romelTagani erTi, pirvel-wodebuli andria, Zma Tavisa mociqulTasa
petresi, vidre Cuendamdeca moiwia da qadaga sacxorebeli qadageba
saxarebisa yovelsa queyanasa saqarTvelosasa; da uricxuni simravleni
erTani ganaSorna sacTurisagan mrCobl eSmakeulebisa; da erTisa RmrTisa da
qristes misisa TanaarsiT maTiT suliTurT rwmunebiT Tayuaniscema aswava;
daRaTu umravlesman erman qarTlisaman simravlesa Sina Jamisasa daiviwya
qadageba igi mociqulisa. da sacTurisave mimarT kerpTasa miaqcia.
amaTisa qadagebisa nayofad aRmoecennes yovliT kerZo yovlisa soflisaT
simravleni Ruawlisa damdebelisa qristes sikudilsa mimsgavsebulTa wmidaTa
mowameTani; vinaTgan samasni, mciredTa sxuaTa Tana, vidre mefed qadagebadmde
didisa kostantinessa Soris gardades weliwadni, romeli-igi pirvelad
qristiane iqmna mefeTa Soris da TT mociqul da qadag sacxorebelisa
qadagebisa, da naTelsa Tavisuflebisasa mimfenel qristeaneTa RmrTivSuenerisa moqalaqobisa.
amisTave ukue JamTa sruliad momxedna Cuenca aRmosavalman maRliT da
dedakacisa visme mier tyueqmnulisa, romelsa-igi nunnad kappadukielad aqa
sadme povnilnica qadageben wignni saeklesioTa moTxrobaTani; sarwmunoebisa
mimarT Tsisa miizida yoveli savseba yovlisa qarTvelTa naTesavisa,
sakrvelT-moqmedebiTa niSebSemosilTa saswaulTaTa; raJams igi qarTvelTa
mefeman mirian, mefeTa Soris didisa kostantinessa mivlinebiTa da misgan
gamoTxoTa mefobisa Tsisa, qalaqad mcxeTad STamoiyvana evstaTi didi _
saydris mpyrobeli antioqelTa eklesiisa.
da wmidaTa mier elTa misTa naTel-iRo man da yovelman erman
qarTlisaman, da TT patriaqTa Soris saxelganTqmulman evstaTi eliTa
TsiTa STadva safuZveli maSin sadme mcxeTas aRSenebulisa eklesisa,
romelica friadisa Tana gulsmodginebisa ganasrules ra maT ganwmeda igi,
da elTdasxmul yo mas Sina maTTs episkoposi-kaTolikosi.
aman saukunod senebulman mefeman kostantine Sekriba pirveli da
msoflio wmida kreba nikeas samas aTrvametTa wmindaTa mamaTa, romelTa
dasxnes kanonni ricxT ocni romlisa pirvelad qmnil iyvnes sxuanica

adgilobiTni krebani: pirveli ankrias, romelsa daesxnes kanonni ocdaoTxni;

meore neokesarias, damsxmeli kanonTa aToTxmeta.
xolo Semdgomad didisa mis da msofliosa krebisa sxuanica iqmnnes
adgilobiTni krebani, viTar-igi Rangrisa, romlisa kanonni arian oc; da
kualad antioqiisa, damsxmeli kanonTa ocdaxuTTa; amaTTana laodokiisa
frigisa, da kanonni misni _ ocdaerTni.
amaTsa Semdgom meore wmida da msoflio kreba _ kostantinopolis,
asergasisTa wmidaTa mamaTa, romelTa kanonni arian ricxT Sd.
merme mesame _ efesosa wmida da msoflio kreba, mcirisa Tevdosis
mefisa mier Sekrebuli, romelman dasxna kanonni rvani.
meoTxe _ xaldikons, equsas ocdaaTTa wmidaTa mamaTa msoflio kreba,
keTilad msaxurisa markiane mefisa mier Semokrebuli da ganmawesebeli
kanonTa ricxT ocdarvaTa.
merme _ adgilobiTi kreba karTagenisa, da kanonni misni as
ocdaaTvrametni.
xolo mexuTeman wmidaman da msoflioman kostantinopolis Sekrebulman
krebaman mcired izruna saeklesioTa kanonTa ganwesebisaTs.
aramed meequseman wmidaman da msoflioman krebaman, iustinianesze, keTilad
msaxurisa mefisa, gumbadsa Sina samefosa palatisasa Sekrebulman, aRavso
daklebuli misi, rameTu dasxna kanonni ricxT as da orni.
kualad nikiisa meoreman wmidaman krebaman dasxna kanonni aTrvametni.
amissa Semdgomad arian sxuanica orni masve sameufosa qalaqsa eklesiasa
Sina wmidaTa da yovlad qebulTa mociqulTasa Sekrebulni krebani, romelTa
ganuCenian kanonni, ricxT aTSdmetni.
xolo wmidasa da meSdesa wmidaTa xatTaTis Sekrebulsa msofliosa
krebasa ganuwesebian kanonni, ricxT samni oden.
amaTa wmidaTa krebaTa mier ganCinebulTa kanonTa Tana arian sxuanica
TiToeulTa mamaTa mier ganwesebulni da Tana aRracxulni kanonni:
donsios aleqsandriel mTavar-episkoposisa kanonni oTxni;
petre aleqsandrielTa mRdelT-mTavrisa da mowamisa kanonni aTxuTmetni;
grigoli episkoposisa neokesarielisa sakrvelT-moqmedisa epistole
kanoniani;
didisa basilis kanonni oTxmeocdaxuTni;
misive epistole kanoniani, diodores mimarT;
misive epistole kanoniani, grigolis mimarT xucisa;
misive epistole kanoniani, xorepiskoposTa mimarT;
misive epistole kanoniani mis queSeTa episkoposTa mimarT;
misive, amfiloqes mimarT sulisa wmidisaTs miwerilTa maT TavTagan;
grigoli noselisa kanonni rvani;
timoTe aleqsandrielisa kanonni aTxuTmetni;
filoTeos
aleqsandrielisa
kanonni,
RmrTis
gamocxadebisaTs
Tqumulisagan;
misnive sxuani kanonni aTni;
misive epistole, afigionis mimarT episkoposisa;
misive epistole, agaTonis mimarT episkoposisa;
misive epistole minas mimarT episkoposisa;

krile aleqsandrielTa mTavar-episkoposisa kanonni Sdni, gennadi

wmidisa patriarqisa kostantinepolelisa da misTana wmidisa krebisa
epistole, mitropolitTa mimarT garemoTa samTavroTasa.
ese arian Sekrebani wmidaTa da saeklesioTa kanonTani, dabeWdulni da
damarxulni, Tnier yovlisa Sematebisa da moklebisa, da amaTi mecniereba
da Sedgoma da mtkiced pyroba ums yovelTa winamZRuarTa qristeanobiTisa
madideblobisaTa: mRdelT-mTavarTa da mRvdelTa, da diakonTa, da Cuen Soris
moZRurad saxeldebulTa maTca monazonTa, da erTbamad yovelsa savsebasa
marTlmadidebelTa eklesiisasa.
xolo Cuen ese amisTs moviseneniT, raTa pirveliTgan piri sitysa
Cuenisa ganvhmartoT.
vinaTgan dahbada RmerTman dasabamsa xatebad da msgavsebad Tssa kaci,
viTarca pirvel vityodeT, raTa mis mier, viTarca sazogadosa sakrvelisa
mier, xilulTa da uxilavTasa, Tavsa Tssa SeaerTnes yovelni sacnaurni da
grZnobadni dabadebulni saTnoebiT ra, sakuTar eqmnas igi Semoqmedsa Tssa.
xolo igi egeviTarisa mis madlTa simdidrisgan ganSiSulda cTomisa mis
mier da gandgomilTa da risxveulTa monaTa moneba moatyua Tavsa, aramed
ara
saxiermanca
dambadebelman
misman,
rameTu
viTarmca
Tavs-idva
ugulebelsyofa esodenisa elTa misTa saqmisa, romel ars kaci.
aramed uxrwnelsa Sina saSosa yovlad wmidisa RmrTis mSobelisa da
maradis qalwulisasa arRara pirvelisaebr iWsa madliT, aramed guamovnebiT
SeaerTa igi Tavsa Tssa da zesTa bunebisa ganaRmrTo mis mier miRebuli igi
da misTana erTguamqmnili kaci.
da romeli-igi iyo pirmSo yovlisa agebulisa, Tavs idva pirmSo
mravalTa ZmaTa Soris yofa, raTa saxelisa misisa mimarT wodebulni da
madliT Zmad missa aRsaarebulni, romeli-igi yrmaTaca eziara orciTa da
sisxliTa da guamad erTisa mis yovelTa Tavisa gamoCinebulni, mun aRmiyvannes
kualad ganorcielebiTa TsiTa, sada igi TT ars Tavi sasoebisa Cuenisa;
da Tana-moqalaqe myvnes wmidaTa da saxleul RmrTisa, da samkdrebelad
missa gamomaCinnes suliTa, raJams Tavisa mimarT Semokrbes TiToeuleba
asoTa ganyofilebisa da Tbisa mimarT gardainivTos viTareba yovlisa
aRsuarulisa.
vinaca amisTs moguecnes pirvelad bunebiTi da merme dawerili sjuli;
amisTs iqmna gankaceba RmrTisa; amisTs qalwulisagan Soba, baga,
wargragna, angelozni madidebelni, varskulavisa srba, moguTa ZRunismomrTumeloba, winadacueTa, naTlis-Reba, zeciT wameba, gancda, qolva
CuenTs da vnebani uvnebelisani, gancema, SemsWvalva, daflva, aRdgoma,
aRslva zecad; amisTs _ qadagebani mocuqulTani, sisxlni mowameTani,
swavlani moZRuarTani, oflni RirsTa mamaTani, guls-modginebani keTilad
msaxurTa da morwmuneTa mefeTani, wadierebani RmrTis-moyuareTa mTavarTani,
kadnierebani RmrTis-saxisa mRdel-mTavrobisa rwmunebulTani, winambrZolisa
Tsisa Tana simniT Tana-mbrZolebani mRdelTa da samRdeloTani, codvisa
mimarT simniT winaganwyobani, nivTagan ganSiSulebulisa monazonTa dasisani
da maTTana erTmobani qristes moyuarisa erisani.
amisTs iqmnnes qristes-moyuareTa da RmrTiv-dacvulTa mefeTa mier JamadJamadni krebani, RmrTis-moyuareTa episkoposTa da RmrTisa saTno-yofilTa

mamaTani, raTa saqmeTa mier gansrulebuliTa sarwmunoebiTa SeaerTnes

RmerTsa qristeaneni.
romelTasa keTilad ebaZva Sursa Cuenica ese grgnosani, mrCoblmarjuene da Seyuarebuli, grgni Tavisa da sasurveliZe daviT; romeliese erTbamad mneca ars da brZen, marTal da wmida, igive myudroca da mSd,
saxier da tkbil, mowyale da Zrusenebel da misgavsebul saxierebasa
RmrTisasa, romeli aRmoubrwyinvebs mzesa keTilTa da borotTa, da zrdis
yovelTa wmiTa sworebiT.
ese vinaTgan gareSeTa brZolaTa Sina winadaudgromelobiT ubrZolel da
gareSisa saxisa qmnulebiTa sxuaTa kacTagan Sesworebad SeuZlebel iyo,
rameTu keTil did ars viTarca gmiri, Suenier ars viTarca siZe, brwyinvale
ars viTarca ciskari,
nayofier ars keTilTa mier viTarca aRmosavali,
yuavilovan warmatebaTa mier viTarca samoTxe RmrTisa, ara Tavs-idva, raTa
ara umetes moRuawe iqmnes ganbrwyinvebad SinaganTaca sikeTeTa sulisaTa;
vinaTgan igini warmdinar, xolo eseni dausrulebelobasa Tana RmrTisasaTana dausrulebel arian.
amisTs Semokriba kreba RmrTis-moyuareTa episkoposTa, patiosanTa
mRdelTa da RirsTa diakonTa, qristes-moyuareTa monazonTa, dayudebulTa
da meudabnoeTa, sanaxebTa qarTlisaTa, maxlobelad orTa saepiskoposoTa
ruisa da urbnisisa; garna ara Tu ubiwoebasa qarTvelTa sarwmunoebisasa biwi
rame Sehxedeboda, nu iyofin ese, ara gecruvneT Sen, siwmidiT mSobelo Cueno
kaTolike eklesiao, arca gangceT Sen, siqadulo Cueno marTlmadideblobao,
romlisa arca ganmcemel qmnil varT, vinaTgan Semecnebasa Sensa Rirs qmnul
varT, mowame ars WeSmariteba; aramed sxuaTa saeklesioTa da samRdeloTa, da
saqristianoTa ZiebaTaTs, romelTa Tav, da winamZRuar, da pirwmidisa mis
krebisa iyo, RmrTisa mimarTisa sakuTrebisa-Tana simSdiTaca sulisaTa
mimsgavsebuli mosesi, da msgavsad didisa samoelisa winamlocveli erisa da
mcxebeli madliT srulyofadTa iovane_yovlad Rirsi mTavarepiskoposi,
kaTolikosi da yovlisa saqarTvelosa didi mamaT-mTavari, da mis Tana
simravle pirvel senebulTa maT savsebisa.
[kanonTa teqsti] [1]. da pirvelad episkoposni vinme ver-RirsebiT
Semosrulni pativsa mRdelT-mTavrobisasa da uRirsni qristes, pirvelisa mis
mwyemsT-mTavrisani, ganvkueTeniT da ucxo-vyveniT mRdelobisagan, vinaTgan
arawmidisa Sexeba siwmideTa ara-ucTomeloba ars da maxlobeli RmrTisa,
maxlobel cecxlisa ars, da ums, raTa yovliTurT oqro iyos;
xolo ara krul vyveniT da arca SevaCueneniT, nu iyofin, aramed litonTa
eriskacTa-Tana ziarebad flobil vyveniT, ukueTu oden amieriTgan mmarxvel
iyvnen siwmidisa.
da nacvlad maTda sxuani davadgineniT, romlisa hasakisaganca da
saqmeTagan aqunda wameba da keTilad ganewuarTnes orcni damorCileblad
sulisa.
[2]. amas-Tana sul-moklebaca elT-dasxmaTa, viTarca uweso da
ukanono, davhseniT.
da ganvaweseT, raTa amieriTgan arRara-vin ikadros qmnad, Tnier viTarigi ganawesebs kanoni: rameTu episkoposi ocdaaTxuTmetisa wlisa, mRdeli

ocdaaTisa wlisa, diakoni ocdaxuTisa wlisa da wignis mkiTxveli rvisa

wlisa elTdasxmul iqmnebodin.
[3] amas Tana sxuaica uweso wesi elT-dasxmaTa dasnad ganvaCineT:
viTarmca masve da erTsa dResa elni daesxnes visme wignis-mkiTxvelad, kerZodiakonad, diakonad da mRdelad, anu Tu episkoposadca. romeli-ese ukueTu
iqmnas-Ra sada amieriTgan, elT-damsxmeli da elT-dasxmuli erTbamad
ganikueTnen mRdelobisagan, rameTu pirvelad wignis-mkiTxvelad da kerZodiakonad oden jer-ars elT-dasxma, da orisave amisa erTsa dResa
SesaZlebel ars qmna da merme diakonad; da viTarca dayvnes dReni
diakonobasa Sina da hmsaxuros mRdelTa ara mciredTa dReTa, mermeRa
moiyvanon mRdelobad.
xolo ukueTu episkoposobad momaval iyos, Semdgomad SdTa dReTa Jamiswirvisa moiyvanon elT-dasxmad episkoposobisa. da amas vityT maTTs,
romelTa saWiro rame mizezi, aswrafebdes, xolo romelTa arca erTi-ra
aqundes saTanado mizezi maswrafobelad, maT weliwadi da weliwadni dayvnen
TToeulsa xarisxsa Sina da ufros-Ra diakonobisasa, vinaTgan Tnier
diakonTa simravlisa, vera miiRebs Suenierebasa saeklesioTa wesTagani.
amisTs
vamcnebT
yovelTa
episkoposTa,
raTa
ufros-Ra
diakonTa
ganmravlebisaTs moRuawe iyvnen eklesiaTa Sina maTTa.
xolo monazonTa, romelni mRdelobad da episkoposobad momaval iyvnen,
pirvelad sruliad monazunad didiTa sqemiTa ubrZanebT gansrulebasa, da
egreTRa mRdelobad moslvasa.
[4]. xolo wesi elT-dasxmadTa srulebisa egreT aResruleboded,
viTarca axalTa Sina kurTxevaTa netarebiT mosenebulisa mamisa giorgi
mTawmidelisaTa daweril ars. egreTve _ kurTxeva eklesiisa, da damyareba
sakurTxevelisa, da wmida-yofa RmerT-myofelisa mihronisa, egreT srul
iqmneboded, viTarca mun-Sina mosenebul ars.
[5]. xolo qrTamisaTs da safasisa, romelsa miiReben elT-damsxmelni,
elTdasxmadTagan, zemoTganisa wmidaTa mociqulTa da mamaTa mocemisaebr,
ganCinebad vikadrebT Cuenca, raTa moispos egeviTari-igi eklesiisagan da
aRiocos mRdelobisagan, makurTxevelisa Tsisa Tana, romlisa qmna
amieriTgan nuRaramca-vis ukadrebies, raTa ara-igica SevsZinoT, viTarmed
SeiCuenos viTarca smon mog petre mociqulisagan da numca miiReben
raTurTiT nu-ra-ras, nu odes: nuca pirvel elT-dasxmisa, nuca TT mas
elT-dasxmasa Sina, nuca Semdgomad elT-dasxmisa, nuca qrTamsa, nuca
ZRuensa, nuca evlogiasa, nuca kaTolikosi episkoposTagan, gina xucesdiakonTa da xorebiskoposTa, nuca episkoposni diakonTagan da mRdelTa da
xorepiskoposTa, nucaraT sxuaTa samRdelosa dasisaganTa anu romelTave
saeklesioTa mneTagan.
[6].
mermeca
samRdeloTa
WurWelTa
da
RmrTisada
SewirulTa
siwmideTaTs, romel arian: barZim-feSxuem, samwerobelni da yovelive
eklesiaTada Sewiruli da erTgzis RmrTisada micemuli, oqro, vecxli,
Tuali, margaliti, Wiqa, stavra, naqsovi, sini, rvali, rkina, Zeli, keci,
qva, amas ganvawesebT SedgomiTa wmidaTa kanonTaTa, raTa ara-vis
elewifos marebad missa ara-rad, arca tyueTa sasrad, daRaTu cudadca da

umrad mdebare iyvnen da feriTa dasaTrgunvelad isxnen eklesiasa Sina da

saWurWlesa missa.
xolo ukeTu vinme ikadros amaTganisa rasaca garegniT mis eklesiisa, da
Tnier missa viTar-igi ganwesebul iyos, da viTar saxedca samsaxurad
eklesiisa, anu sakurTxevelisa Seqmnil iyos, sxuad radca marebad,
moelodeT aqa ukue babilovnelTa mefisa baltasaris da ananias da
sapfiras sasjelsa; xolo mun-cecxlsa saukunesa, ganmzadebulsa eSmakTaTs
da angelosTa misTaTs.
[7].
amasTana
eseca
moviseneT,
viTarmed
Tnier
eklesiisa
da
sakurTxevelisa arca naTlis-cema SesaZlebel ars, arca grgnTa
kurTxeva, arca monazunisa epistoliTa gina sqemiTa kurTxeva, da arca
monazonsa xucessa grgnTa kurTxevad el-ewifebis, arca erisgansa mRdelsa
monazonisa kurTxevad.
[8] xolo Semdgomad grgnTa kurTxevisa pirvelTa da meoreTa colqmarTa wmidaTa sadumloTa ziareba ums mas dResa, romelsa ikurTxnen
ueWuelad, ara Tu gardareuliTa raTme bilwebiTa SebRalul iyvnen, daRaTu
uziareblobiTaca gankanonebul iyvnen. da merme aRsruleba kanonisa
uziareblobisa maTisasa.
[9] xolo meoreTa grgnTa makurTxeveli xucesi samxrobad nu mivals maT
Tana, nucamca meoreTa col-qmarTa pirvelni grgnni ekurTxevian.
xolo sxuebr da ara esreT moqmedi amaTi xucesi ukue gankueTisa, xolo
eriskaci uziareblobisa Tanamdeb iyos.
[10] kualad amasca ganvasazRvrebT, raTa amieriTgan arRara ekurTxeodin
grgnni CClTa qal-ymaTa, aramed ukueTu saWirod radme iyos, mSobelTa
maTTa diad dauwindnen igini urTierTas, da raJams hasakad moviden ornive,
maSin iqorwinnen.
da qali aTormetisa wlisasa umcrosi numca Seyofil ars qorwinebiT
meuRlisada. xolo amis ganCinebisa damsneli, Tanamdeb iyavn zemosenebulisa
mis ganCinebisa.
[11] kaTolikosisa da episkoposTagan xorebiskoposi sjulisa da
saRmrToTa wignTa mecnieri gamoirCeoded mRdeli anu diakoni da SiSiTa
RmrTisaTa emcneboded mas ubiwod dacva yovelTave saqristeanoTa wesTa
raTa ara ra maTgani gansces qrTamisaTs, arca ra ganyidos vecxlad,
viTarca iuda ufali; raTa ara SiSTvilica misi daimkdros.
[12] Semdgomad amaTsa amisica saTanadod vhgoneT moseneba, vinaTgan
moZRurad wodebulTa maT monazonTa friadi da aRuricxuveli ars simravle,
da erTsa monastersa Sina xuTni da aTni, mravalgzis ocnica da ocdaaTni
ipoebian, didi Tu iyos monasteri da mravlisa SfoTisa da ganxeTqilebisa
mizezsa SemoiRebs simravle maTi, amisaTs ganvaCinebT, raTa amieriTgan
dascxres eseviTari ese uwesoba.
da pirvelad amas ganvasaRzRvrebT, raTa umRdelosa ara el-ewifebodis
ganmkiTxvelobad sulTa, ara Tu episkoposi iyos, anu mRdeli, anu diakoni,
rameTu pirvelad Sekrvisa da gansnisa elmwifebasa ums qonebad, da egreTRa gankiTxvisa sulTasa el-yofad; amas Tana, raTa didTa monasterTa Sina
or-ori, xolo mcireTa Sina TiTo xolo kma iyos moZRuari.

da ukueTu vinme amas ganCinebasa gardahxdes, ueWuelad esmes mas, viTarmed

xolo domisaganTa maT da urCTa WeSmaritebisaTa da morCilTa sicrusaTa
risxva da gulis-wyroma, Wiri da iwroeba da Semdgomi.
[13] wesi igi, romelsa krebulTa dasxmad uwesen, nuRaramca kadrebul ars
qmnad amieriTgan, nuca monasterTa Sina Seqmna savaWroTa eris krebaTa,
nucamca-ra sxua samoqalaqo da soflio wesi qmnil ars monasterTa Sina
odesca, raTa ara salocvelTa maT adgilTa quab-avazakTa SeqmniTa, sulTaca
TquenTa safardulebi saRmrTosa, sitysa mier daiqces, viTarca mekermeTa
maT tablebi, da wmidaTa mamaTa da krebaTa mier gankanonebisa Tanamdeb
iqmnneT.
[14] xolo erTsa sakurTxevelsa da masve da erTsa winadagebasa zeda
wmidisa Sesawiravisasa mravalTa sulTaTs mravalTa mRdelTa mier qmna
wmidisa Jamiswirvisa uweso ars da gangdebul, romeli-ese nuRaramca sada
qmnil ars.
ufrosRa Tavad sakurTxevelsa zeda didisa eklesiisasa, saepiskopososa
gina monastrisasa, erTisa aravisTs wes-ars Jamis wirvad araodes, arca
cocxlisa, arca micvalebulisaTs, Tnier aRapTa da sulisa sasenebelad
ganCinebulTa dReTasa, aramed mis eklesiisa maSenebelTa da SemomwirvelTa.
da erTbamad yovelTa sulTa qristeaneTa cocxalTa da micvalebulTaTs
jer-ars Jamis-wirva, xolo erTisa kacisaTs, anu erTisa sulisaTs
eguterTa sadme Sina, anu StoTa eklesiisaTa jer-ars TiToeulisa xucisagan
Jamis-wirva.
[15] romelnica RmrTis mavnebelobiTisa mis wvalebisagan xaCecarTasa,
romel arian somexni, marTalsa da uzakuvelsa sarwmunoebasa moudebodin, da
wmidasa kaTolike eklesiasa SeerTebodin, da biwsa mas wvalebasa erTbunebianTa, da erTisa nebisa da erTisa moqmedebisa RmrTeebisagan da kacebisa
Sezavebulisa, da arca saRmrTosa, arca kacobrivisa, aramed Sereulisa
rasme da ucxosa, qristes, WeSmaritisa RmrTisa Cuenisa, zeda siCquriT
metyuelTasa SeaCuenebden.
esreT ganvawesebT maTTs, raTa sruliad naTel-scemden, viTarca
warmarTsa, vinaTgan sxuaTaca didTa eklesiaTa vhpoebT moqmedad amissa,
viTar igi ars sapatriaqo saydari antioqiisa, da yovelni mimdgomni misni
eklesiani yovlisa aRmosavalisani.
[16]
kualad
ganvawesebT,
raTa
arca
marTlmadidebeli
mamakaci
mwvalebelsa gina warmarTsa dedakacsa, anu dedakaci mamakacsa SeeuRlnen.
vinaTgan yoveli marTlmadidebeli taZari ars RmrTisa, damkdrebulisa mis
mier sulisa misisa Cuen Soris; xolo yoveli borotad madidebeli, anu
yovlad ara-madidebeli taZari ars eSmakisa; xolo viTarmed arca erTi
ziareba ars taZrisa RmrTisa kerpTa Tana, viTar-igi bnelisa naTlisa Tana
_ mowame ars saRmrTo mociquli.
xolo romelman amieriTgan ikadros-Ra qmna amaTi, ganikanonos igi pirvel
TqumuliTa miT kanoniTa.
[17] vinaTgan eseca uwesoeba mravalTa mier aRsrulebulad guesma,
ufrosRa didTa vieTme da warCinebulTa da ara litonad kacTagan qmnilad,
romel ars kides-kide da erTgan kurTxeva grgnTa qorwinebiT erT-orc
qmnadTa meuRleTa, viTar-igi hyofen usjuloebiT dedakacisasa ukue sxsa

visme ucxosa mamakacisa Tana kurTxevasa; xolo mamakacisasa mamakacisave

sxsa Tana, romlisasa ramca iyo sxua uuwesoesi da usacinelesi; anu ara
yovliTurT
msgavs
arsa,
markionis
mwvalebelTa
mier
mkudrisa-wil
naTliscemasa cocxalisasa! rameTu ese erTgan kurTxeulni mamakaci da
dedakaci nuukue Seiracxnen naxevar-memruSed col-qmrad, vinaTgan sxsa
isenebis saxeli, da sxua warmodgomil ars mun; xolo orTa maT erTagan
kurTxeulTa mamakacTaTs ra vin moigonos saxeli, garna Tu vinme vrceliTa
siciliTa ganbasros eseviTari ese sjulisa, da keTilisa wesierebisa Cuenisa,
da kacobrivisa qcevisa, da Cueulebisa garegani usjuloeba.
romlisaTs amas ganvasazRvrebT: romelnica moaqamde esreT kurTxeulni
yofil arian da gardasul arian, igini Sendobil arian umecrebisaTis; xolo
ukueTu aw sadme ipovnen vinme egeviTarni, igini sjulierad col-qmrad numca
Seracxil arian.
amieriTgan kula nuRaramca visganmca kadrebul ars
qmna amisi. da
ukueTu iqmnas sada, oTxni igi kurTxeulni da orni makurTxevelni maTni
xucesni, _ equesnive ganikanonnen.
[18] mermeca RmrTis-moZagebulisa mis da RmrTis-ganmamwarebelisa, codvaTaubilwesisa saZagelebisa sodomelTasa, romlisa ara uwyiT, Tu viTar
SeeTsa igi ubadruksa amas naTesavsa da sruliad ganaSorna da ucxo-yvna
RmrTisagan, vieTTanaca poa Tavisa misadrekeli.
amas ganvasazRvrebT sityTa RmrTisaTa da samociquloTa miTa da
mamobriviTa ganCinebiTa: daRaTu mravalgzis qmnil arian mravalTa naTesavTa
mier mravalni da ricxsa mZleni codvani, viTar igi: mterobani, Surni,
siZulilni, kacisklvani, mruSebani, cru-ficebani da ukuanaskneli da Tavi
yovelTa borotTa _ kerpTmsaxureba, da Tayuaniscemisa Secvaleba
dambadebelisagan dabadebulTa mimarT. garna, arca-erTisa maTganisaTs
aRZrul ars aRuZrveli igi, viTarca TT ityoda abrahamis mimarT, viTarmed
RaRadeba sodomisa da gomorisa moiwia Cemda da gardamoved xilvad,
ukueTu RaRadebisaebr maTisa arian saqmeni maTni; romlisa Semdgomad ixileT
Tu ra iqmnebis, da Tu viTar nivTni ese samsaxurod kacTaTs dabadebulni
RmrTisagan, winaukumo bunebisa Tsisa, Sescvaleben bunebiTsa Zalsa Tssa,
da ucxosa codvisa aRsaocelad ucxosa moipoeben moqmedebasa.
rameTu maradis aRmarT moZravi da subuqi buneba eTerisa cecxlisa,
viTarca zrqeli rame da mZime, daRmarT hyofs damodinebasa da, saxed
mZafrisa wmisa, saSinelebiT mCqefros aRreuli wunwubasa Tana. mrisxaned
gansalevnelad ukeTurTa maT sibilweTa mravliTa kacTa.
xolo wulili da Txeli uferuli buneba haerisa, mizezi cxovelTa
aRmofSvnvisa da sicocxlisa, sizrqed almurisa Sirisa, da ferad eliT
saZiebelisa bnelisad, da SemaSTobelad kuamlad, saswaulad risxvisad,
Sescvalebs Tavsa Tssa maT zeda.
amaT Tana queyana, myari da mtkice damtrTveli simZimesa mas zeda
mdebareTa guamTasa, verRara itrTavs simedgresa bilwebaTa maTTasa, aramed
pirvelad
SesZravs
safuZvelTa
TsTa
da
siRrmiT
iatakTa
TsTaTaRmomduRare, haerad aRmoixuams siRrmeTa safuZvelisa maTisa
simtkiceTasa; da miwad gardamoixuams simaRleTa godol-taZrebisa maTisa
simagreTasa.

merme ganaRebs vidre mun-Jamadmde ganuRebelsa pirsa da TanadqalaqebiTurT da saxlebiT STanTqams arRara kacebsa, aramed damwurebsa
rasme Zualebsa, da odesme yofilTa kacTa sawyalobelsa neStebsa.
xolo wyali igica ucxod ixilvebis Secvalebulad maTTs da arRara
saSuebelad da samrad, aramed, sxuaTa nivTTagan daSTomilisa neStisa maTisa
aRsaocelad pirsa zeda maTeulisa queyanisa, ufrosRa saflav maTda
qmnilisa jojoxeTisa, ixilvebis modinebulad, egoden Secvalebuli sxuaTa
wyalTagan bunebiTa, raoden igini sxuaTa kacTa hmatdes bilwebisa
gardareulebiTa.
aman usjuloebaman asurastanelTa igi umravlesTa nawilTa queyanisaTa
dampyrobeli mefoba tyued waruqcia sparsTa da midTa da sruliad
aRmohfxura queyaniT sasenebeli, ara xolo mefe da mZlavri, aramed kacyofisaca maTisa.
aman codvaman didi igi da yovliT-kerZo yovlisa queyanisaT magansmenili naTesavi somexTa, mefobiTurT da mTavrobiT maTiT, ara oden
daamdabla da daamua, aramed sruliad aRiRo kacTagan saxeli maTi,
romelTa vervin poos dRes erTica mefe anu mTavari, mqonebeli
daumonebelisa Tavisuflebisa, daRaTu yovelnica vin piri miwisa moixilos.
aman bilwebaman sparsTa igi maRali, da maradis hromTa mefobisa mdomafloba, mecis bunebaTa vieTme kacTa avazakuriTa zeda-moslviTa, miwadmde
damdablebulyo, da vidre moaqamde mZlavrebisa maTisa morCil yo.
ese ara uywiT, Tu vina ukeTurebiT Semoexrwna moqalaqobasa qristes
mosaxelisaca erisasa, rameTu ra ziareba iyo beliarisi qristes-Tana da,
elsa ucxo TeslTasa micemiT dasasrul maxlisa maTisa qmniTa, neStni
odenRa damitevna isralisani, romelni ukueTu vegneT-Ra masve ukeTurebasa
zeda, o Cemda, davidumo Znel-sityua, romeli yovelTada cxad ars,
daRacaTu Cuen vhridoT.
amisTs vamcnebT yovelsa didsa da mciresa, mdidarsa da glaxaksa, mefesa
da mTavarsa, aznaursa da mdabiorsa, mRdelTa da umRdeloTa, moweseTa da
eriskacTa, berTa da WabukTa, da Sua-kacTa yovelsa pativsa da yovelsa wessa
da yovelsa hasaksa ganyenebad amis vnebisa ufros-Ra saZagelisa bilwebisa.
da esreT daumticebT, saxeliTa uflisa Cuenisa iesu qristesiTa: yovelman
sulman qristeaneman marTlmadidebelman, amaT sityuaTa msmenelman, romelman
Semdgomad amis Zeglisa warkiTxvisa, ara ijmnas bilwisa mis sodomurisa
codvisagan da, ara xolo saqmiT qmnisa misisa, aramed reca laRobiT ferebisa
da sityT Tqumisa, raTaca samisoTa da misTa damsaxvelTa sityuaTa da
saqmeTagan, ueWuelad moiwios mis zeda amas ukue sawuTosa saSineli rame
da cocxliv jojoxeTad STamdeli risxva, msgavsad wunwubasa-Tana
aRreulisa mis sodomelTa cecxlisa.
xolo mun-igi mimTualvel eqmnes mas, romeli vals winaSe pirsa uflisasa
da Seswuvavs garemos missa mterTa misTa, vinaTgan siyuaruli orcTa
mteroba ars RmrTisa. da romelman ganxrwnas taZari RmrTisa, ganxrwnes
igica RmerTman, da amas Tana da Cuengan, uRirsTa monaTa saRmrTosa monebisa
Rirs-qmnulTasa, i Cuenda, arRara kurTxeva, aramed kdema da mxileba
daimkdros saukuno.

[19] xolo vinaTgan mizezad urTierTas pativiT Tayuanis-cemisa Cuen

Soris myofi xateba RmrTisa aRsaarebul da qadagebul ars didTa
moZRuarTa da mamaTa CuenTagan, cxad ars, viTarmed Tayuanis mcemeli xatisa
RmrTisa RmerTsa Tayvaniscems mis mier, maginebelica sadme xatisa RmrTisa
RmerTsa aginebs ueWuelad, viTarca wmidaTa Soris didi basili esreT
daswers amas.
amisTs ganvasazRvrebT, raTa eseca RmrTis-Semawuxebeli da RmrTisa
Seuracxismyofeli codva sruliad moispos yovlisagan enisa da naTesavisa
Cuenisa.
da romelman amieriTgan Seaginos-Ra suli, goneba da piri Tsi
usaxuriTa ginebiTa, zemowerilisa amis Tanamdeb iyos igica gankanonebisa.
mefesa daviTs monazoni arseni
amaTda momarT rasa
ity, romelsa hsibrZnis hmoyuareb Sen ufrosad
brwyinvaleo Tualo yovlisa soflisa mefeTa erTguamobisao!
romeli ege haerovan xar, viTarca samyaro xilulisa soflisa Soris;
saCino, viTarca mze varskulavTa Soris;
brwyinvale, viTarca eTeri nivTTa Soris;
naTlis-fer, viTarca elva RrubelTa Soris;
ciskrovan, viTarca aRmosavali kerZoTa Soris;
tkbil, viTarca are JamTa Soris;
RmrTis saxe, viTarca siyuaruli saTnoebaTa Soris;
gulis saTqumel, viTarca oqro miwaTa Soris;
elvare, viTarca akinTi qvaTa Soris;
maRal, viTarca finiki nergTa Soris;
Suenier, viTarca vardi yuavilTa Soris;
aRmatebul, viTarca samoTxe queyanisa Soris;
Zlier, viTarca lomi mecTa Soris;
mtkice, viTarca andamati ganukueTelTa Soris;
saxelganTqmul, viTarca nebroT gmirTa Soris;
axovan, viTarca iso wina mbrZolTa Soris;
moSurne viTarca finez mRdelTa Soris;
mne, viTarca samfson msajulTa Soris;
ubrZolel, viTarca aqillev ellenTa Soris;
brZen, viTarca solomon mefeTa Soris;
mSd, viTarca daviT cxebulTa Soris;
Suris-meZiebel, viTarca iosia SaravandedTa Soris;
uzaro, viTarca makedoneli mflobelTa Soris;
ganmadidebel flobisa, viTarca avRstos keisarTa Soris;
kacTmoyuare, viTarca Cemi iesu RmerTTa Soris;
bunebiT RmerTi, madliT RmerT-qmnulTa Soris;
murvale, viTarca petre mowafeTa Soris;
sayuarel, viTarca iovane megobarTa Soris;
mkrcxl, viTarca pavle mociqulTa Soris;
saxis-dasabam ucTomelisa qristeanobisa, viTarca didi kostantine
TTmpyrobelTa Soris;

simtkice keTilad msaxurebisa, viTarca Tevdosi skiptris mpyrobelTa

Soris;
saTno uCanan eseni myudroebasa Sensa; gansuenebel arsa amaT zeda
siborotisa sulTa mdevneli daviTiani suli Seni, romelni ese aw ZRunad
mogarTuna Sen mwyobrman SenTa amaT nazirevelTa simravlisaman, raTa Sen
miarTune eseni RmerTsa da mowyale hyo amaT mier wyalobis moyuare ufali,
romel moswrafebiT Semokreba ubrZane Sen, da didisa amis da RmrTisa
saTnosa warmarTebisa Tana Suamdgomelad RmrTisa mimarT moigen, viTarca
sakuTarni monani, raTa romelime RmrTisa saxisa mRdelT-mTavrobisa mier
maxlobel eqmnebodis SenTs RmerTsa; xolo romelime mRdelT-SuenieriTa
meoxebiTa SeesakuTrebodis dambadebelsa; sxuasa sulTqumani moaqunden,
sxuasa gandnoba cremliTa, sxuasa Rame-yovelobiTni mRZarebani, sxuasa
mel-sarecloba, sxuasa raTurTiT araras qoneba keisrisasa yovelsave
RmrTisasa, mxolod orcTa oden da maTca marxviTa ganleulTa; sxuasa
sityua, daRaTu mdabali da undo, garna arave uermo, arca umusikelo
momzidvel yofad smenisa, amis Tana Semsgavsebulica Zalisa, yovelTa
litanioba, yovelTa vedreba, yovelTa erTmoba; viTarmed daviT keTilad
msaxurisa da RmrTivdacvulisa mefisa Cuenisa mravalmca arian weliwadni.
[mosasenebelni] keTilad msaxurisa da RmrTiv-dacvulisa mefisa Cuenisa
giorgi mefeTa mefisa da yovlisa aRmosavalisa da dasavalisa kesarosisa,
mravalmca arian welni.
keTilad msaxurisa da RmrTis-moyuarisa dedoflisa Cuenisa marTa
avRstinaisni, mravalmca arian welni.
daviT RmrTis-msaxurisa da RmrTiv-dacvulisa mefisa Cuenisa afxazTa da
qarTvelTa, ranTa da kaxTa TTmpyrobelisa, mravalmca arian welni.
wmidisa dedoflisa da RmrTiv-sulierisa dedisa Cuenisa, mariam
monazonisa, saukunomca ars seneba.
_____
iovane wmidisa mTavarepiskoposisa, Cuenisa kaTolikosisa da yovlisa
saqarTvelosa yovlad Rirsisa mamaTmTavrisa, mravalmca arian welni.
wmidisa berisa da sulierisa mamis Cuenisa evstrati monazonisa,
mravalmca...
Rirsisa meufisa Cuenisa da Tualad wmidisa amis krebisa cnobilisa
giorgi monazonisa da mwignobarTa uxucesisa, mravalmca...
yovlad RirsTa krebisa amis yovelTa mamaTa mRdelTmTavarTa, mRdelTa
da monazonTa, mravalmcaa...
sjulierisa moRuawisa arseni monazonisa kaliposelisa, mravalmca...
yovelnimca marTlmadidebelni kurTxeul arian, yovelni mwvalebelni
SeCuenebul arian.
____
keTilad
msaxurTa
da
marTlmadidbelTa
pirvel
aRsrulebulTa
sanatrelTa mefeTa CuenTa, saukunomca ars seneba da kurTxeva maTi.
sanetrelTa da wmidaTa kaTolikosTa da netarTa mRdelTmTavarTa da
mRdelTa, saukunomca...
saukunosa netarebisa RirsTa da didTa mnaTobTa CuenTa efTmi da
giorgi mTawmidelTa, saukonomca...

RirsTa mamaTa CuenTa daviT tbelisa da stefane sananos Zisa,

saukunomca...
dausrulebelisa netarebisa mkdrTa, berTa CuenTa, saba sulas Zisa da
antoni tbelisa da efrem mcirasa [da arseni monazonisa iyalTelisa]
saukuno...
RirsebiT moxsenebulTa mamTa, efTmi grZelisa, iovane rexues Zisa
SviliTurT, miqel Wuaisa da giorgi berisai saukunomca...
kualadca vityT:
yovelnimca mwvalebelni SeCuenebul arian.
yovelnimca marTlmadidebelni kurTxeul arian.
yovelTa marTlmadidebelTa welnimca mraval arian.
yovelTa marTlmadidebelTa saukunomca ars seneba.
yovelni mwvalebelni saukunodmca SeCuenebul arian.
yovelTa mwvalebelTa, saukunomca ars wyeva da dausrulebeli
SeCueneba492.

2. sakanonmdeblo kreba giorgi brwyinvales dros (1335 w.)

1335 w. mefe giorgi brwyinvalem moiwvia sakanonmdeblo kreba, romelSic
mefis Semdeg upirvelesi piri, rogorc TviTon mefe brZanebs iyo `wminda
meufe
da
qarTlis
kaTalikozi
evfTvime~.
episkoposebTan
erTad
sakanonmdeblo saqmianobaSi monawileobdnen vezirebi, mouravebi, Temisa da
Temis erisTavebi, xevisTavebi, xevisberebi da `herovanni~. mefis, umaRlesi
ierarqebisa da mTavrobis umaRlesi pirebis monawileobiT es kreba miagavs
saxelmwifo darbazobas, romelmac ganixila Seqmnili viTareba da gamosca
Sesabamisi kanonebi, rogorc TviTon krebis oqmi brZanebs. am kanonebSi
gadmocemuli iyo `sasjulo saqme da saeklesio, risic ginda sasaqmosa
kacis mkvlelTa, eklesiis mkrexvelTa, colis damgdebelTa ubralosaTa, anu
wamgvrelTa~493.
krebis mier gamocemuli samarTali, romelic cnobilia saxelwodebiT
`samarTali mefisa giorgisa~, Seicavs eklesiisadmi miZRvnil zogierT muxls,
magram mTlianobaSi igi warmoadgens ara saeklesio, aramed saero, anu
`msoflio~ samarTals, amitomac aRniSnavs kidec kreba _ `Cven msofliosa misi

sisxli da pativi da sasaqmo gagviCenia~494, magram kreba iqve brZanebs, Tuki

raime sxva samarTlebrivi sakiTxi wamoiWreba, misi gadaWra eklesiis
meTaurebs SeuZliaT _ `sxva rac sasjulo sakiTxavi iyos, igi kaTalikozman
da maT ganaCenTa maT zeda episkoposTa maT hkiTxon~494. kreba, i. doliZis
gamokvlevis Tanaxmad, Sedga 1335 wels495.
krebam ganixila Semdegi sakiTxi: imis Semdeg, rac mefe dimitris Zem,
giorgi brwinvalem Tavisi taxtisa da skiptris ganmtkicebis mizniT Semoiara
Tavisi sabrZaneblis mTiani mxare Jinvalidan darialamde da ukan _
muxranamde, aRmoCnda, rom rogorc i. doliZe wers _ `CamorCenil mTiulebs
esaWiroebodaT adgilobrivi xasiaTis sakanonmdeblo Zegli~. marTalia,
gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos samefosaTvis XI-XIII saukuneebSi arsebobda
samarTlis wignebi, samefo sjulmdebloba, magram `isini Seusabamoni da
gamousadegarni iyvnen CamorCenili, ganviTarebis patriarqalur safexurze
mdgomi mTiuli mosaxleobisaTvis~496.
amitomac
krebam
giorgi
brwyinvales
nebiT
ganizraxa
Seedgina
adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis samarTlis wigni. misi erT-erTi wyaro yofila beqa
mandaturTuxucesis kanonebi, `giorgi brwyinvalis sakanonmdeblo krebam
gamoiyena
saaTabagos
samarTlis
saTanado
normebi
mTiulTa
sjulmdeblobisaTvis~497.
`Zeglis dadeba Sedgeba Sesavlisa da 46 muxlisagan. igi sisxlis
samarTlis kanonmdeblobis _ `sisxlis ganaCens~ warmoadgens, samoqalaqo
samarTlis
sakiTxebs
mxolod
oriode
muxli
exeba~497.
samarTali,
Tavdapirvelad, muxlebad dayofili ar yofila. Cans, muxlebad vaxtang VI-is
komisias dauyvia.
es kreba `Tbilis qalaqsa~ Catarebula, rogorc `Zeglis dadebis~
Sesavlidan Cans.
aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTveloSi gamoyenebul sjulmdeblobas am Zeglis
mixedviT `qarTvelT sjuli~ erqva. valis, anu fulis sesxad aRebis Semdeg,
misacemi procenti, anu `sargebeli arc qarTvelT sjulsa Sigan
Ze wesad
rome aiRon da arc sxvaTa sjulTa uweria da sargebeli aris uweso~ (muxli
46-e, samarTali mefis giorgisa498). `sxva sjulSi~ Cans, igulisxmeba
bizantiuri samarTali. maSasadame, arc qarTuli da arc berZnuli samarTliT
valis `sargeblis~ aReba ar SeiZleba, anda ukidures SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba
`aTsa TeTrs zeda ori TeTri mieces~499. marTlac, vaxSis aReba ikrZaleba
saeklesio samarTliT. zogadad, ra Tqma unda, gansaxilveli samarTali
saeklesio samarTals efuZneboda. rogorc i. doliZe aRniSnavs, Sua
saukuneebis
ganmavlobaSi
`saqarTvelo
mWidro
kulturul
da
saxelmwifoebriv
urTierTobaSi
imyofeboda
bizantiasTan.
qarTulma
samarTalma Taviseburad daamuSava da gamoiyena bizantiuri samarTlis
zogierTi instituti da moxdenilad Seufarda isini Cveni cxovrebis
sinamdviles~500.

Zeglis dadeba mefeTmefis giorgis mier

(amokrebili muxlebi)
Cuen, mefeTmefeman giorgim, Zeman yovelTa Soris warCinebulisa mefeTmefis
dimitrisaman, davdeviT Zegli_ganaCeni ese mas Jamsa, odes SevediT mTiulTa
Sigan mosavlelad RmrTis mowyalebiTa yovlgniT ucileblad qonebasa Sina
samefosa Cuenisasa da ucileblad pyrobasa taxtisa da skiptrisasa.
warvediT taxtiT CueniT qalaqiT da SevediT sasaxlesa Cuensa Jinvansa. da
muniT mivediT ada-cxaots da movasxeniT yovelni muneburni xevisberni da
herovanni, da gavigoneT maTni saqmeni, davsxediT maTsa sasaqmosa.
da mivediT darielamdis da vscaniT ese, romel RmrTiv grgnosanTa da
sanatrelTa CuenTa CamomavalTa mefeTagan amad ar gasCenoda ZegliTa gaCeniTa
da dadebiTa sisxlisa da sxuaTa mravalTa uwesoTa mimZlavrebulTa saqmeTa:
romelTame saqmisa romlisaTsme hprianebodaT aRreviT yofa erTmaneTsa
Sigan, da romelTame sxs Jamisa SemosrulobisaTs ukue gaCena ver swrebodaRa srulad mTiulTa saqmis moklebasa da gaCenasa.
da Jam-guces, mowyalebiTa RmrTisaTa darieliT mobrunvebulTa viloceT
lomisis mTavarmowamis winaSe da CamoviareT cxrazmis xevi da movikuliveT
muneburi sasaqmo.
movediT muxrans, sazamTrosa Cuensa davdegiT, da SemovediT qalaqsa da
SemovitaneT Temisa da Temis erisTavni da evisTavni da evisberni da
herovanni.
davsxediT da davsT wmida meufe da qarTlisa kaTalikozi evfTvime,
davsxiT vezirni da ebiskopozni da mouravni, da gavigoneT, romel didi
usamarTlo da mZlavrebuli qmniliyo erTmaneTsa zeda, da sisxlis
msubuqobisaTs advil Cnda erTmaneTis Ralatad dasxma da daqceva cixeTa,
sikudili, colis wagura da ubralod dagdeba, da mravalferni ulusoba da
yol samarTali aRar iyo-Ra.
da dReisiT winaT-Ra erTmaneTis sayofTa saqmeTa amad aRar SemoviReT, _
erTmaneTis amosula ar iqneboda, ganaCen-daudebloba eqmnaT.
da aw yuela gavaCineT, ra rigad vis ra eyos erTmaneTis avi, sisxli dges
anu sxua sasaqmo ra ginda ra iyos _ gardades.
juarTa yels aqeT, ada-cxaots, zandukis evs, kibeT queSeT da menesos
zemoT es ganaCeni davdeviT.
sasjulo saqme da saeklesio, risac ginda sasaqmosa, _ kacis mkulelTa,
eklesiis mkrexvelTa, colis damgdebelTa ubralosaTa, anu wamgurelTa, _
sxua rac sasjulo sakiTxavi iyos, igi kaTalikozman da maT, ganaCenTa maT
zeda ebiskopozTa, maT hkiTxon.
Cuen msofliosaa misi sisxli, pativi da sasaqmo gagCenia.
dReisiTgan waRma esreT iqmnas.
[lomisisa glexisa asre iyos] 42. lomisisa vinc glexi moklas, Tu
mefeTagan Sewirulia, gina sxuaTa visganme, aTasxuTasi TeTri daeurvos. TaviT
ZueliTgan gaCenili aris lomisis samZRvarsa zeda, _ amieri ada-cxaotis
mimdgomi aris, _ da agreve gaCeniT iyos.

valis saqme asre gavaCineT 46. sargebeli arc qarTvelT sjulTa Sigan Zes
wesad, rome aRiRon, da arc sxuaTa sjulTa uweria. da sargebeli aris uweso.
da Tu radme mimcemi kaci esre avi iyos, rome sargebeli aRiRos, ra ginda
ra xani gamosuliyos, aTsa TeTrs zeda ori TeTri mieces, _ razomi didi xani
daeyos, amis mets nuras miscems da arc samarTalia misacemlad.
da Tu dia raTme avi kaci ar aris, arc amisi aReba marTebs.
samarTali esreT yon yovelTa501.

3. Wulevis sakanonmdeblo krebis `kanonikuri samarTali~ (1381-1386 ww)

meToTxmete saukunis 80-ian wlebSi mesxeTSi, Wulevis monasterSi,
(Tanamedrove adigenis raionSi) Sedga saeklesio sakanonmdeblo kreba,
romelic moiwvia aTabag-amirspasalarma aRbuRam. i. doliZis azriT, es kreba
unda Catarebuliyo 1381-1386 wlebSi. `me aTabag-amirspasalarman aRbuRa,
movaxseneT patiosansa mawyverelsa da biZaTa CemTa, SaSiasa da missa Zmas
safaris moZRvarsa pafnutis, xuTsave Temsa samcxisasa, taovelTa, SavSTa da
klarjTa da maT Sina myofTa episkoposTa da meudabnoeTa, moweseTa
mowmobiTa, mindobilni RmrTisani da yovlad wmindisa RvTismSobelisani~502.
am krebis mier gamocemuli samarTali gavrcelda mTel saqarTveloSi,
rogorc saeklesio da saqveyno moqmedi samarTali.
Cven adre vwerdiT, rom saeklesio kreba saqarTveloSi warmoadgenda amave
dros saxelmwifo darbazis sxdomas, maSasadame, krebas episkoposebsa da
sasuliero warmomadgenlebTan erTad eswrebodnen darbaiselnic darbazis
wevrebic mefis meTaurobiT, anu ukeT rom vTqvaT, darbazoba saeklesio
sakiTxTa ganxilvis dros saeklesio krebas warmoadgenda. Wulevis krebasac
eswrebodnen mesxeTis episkoposebi, kerZod, TviT
samcxidan mowveulni
taoeli, SavSeli, klarjeli episkoposebi, gansakuTrebuli adgili eWiraT
awyurisa da safaris sasuliero pirebs, sxva `moweseebs~ da meudabnoe mamebs.
saero pirTagan ki gamoirCeodnen samTavro saxlis meTauri, romelic amave
dros iyo sruliad saqarTvelos saxelmwifos aTabag-amirspasalari aRbuRa
da sxva adgilobrivi umaRlesi xelisufalni (SaSia da misi Zma, romelic
amave dros safaris moZRvari iyo).
ra warmoadgenda krebis ganxilvis sagans? xelnaweris saxiT Semonaxuli
krebis oqmidan Cans, rom krebam ganixila da uklebliv daamtkica 70-80 wliT
adre, daaxloebiT 1295-1304 wlebSi Sedgenili beqa mandaturTuxucesis
samarTali. krebam am samarTals daurTo Tavis mier SemuSavebuli axali
kanonebi, romelTa amoqmedebis mizezi Seiqna droTa viTarebaSi `Semosuli

uweso saqmeebi~, garda amisa, ganisazRvra saqarTveloSi SemoRebuli axali

fulis erTeulis nominalic da misi moqmedebis areali gaavrceles mesxeTSi.
saeklesio krebam beqas kanonebs daumata 33 muxli, romelic aRbuRa
aTabag-amirspasalaris samarTlis saxeliTaa amJamad cnobili, radganac
swored igi iyo meTauri da iniciatori axali kanonebis SemoRebisa Tavis
sabrZanebelSi (samcxeSi). Seqmnili viTarebis gamo _ `laSqarTa Sina cxenis
parva Seqmniliyo, ewyina sapatioTa kacTa da mis winaSe sapatioTa msxdomTa
kacTa... esreT gaaCines503. maSasadme, kanonebi SemuSavda `sapatio msxdomTa
kacTa~ mier. iqamde ki Seqmnili mdgomareobis Sesaxeb aRbuRas `sapatio
kacebisaTvis~ ucnobebia, maT ki Tavis mxriv sxdoma, anu Sekreba mouwveviaT, es
iyo swored Wulevis saeklesio kreba.
krebam,
rogorc
aRvniSneT,
Tavdapirvelad
ganixila
beqa
mandaturTuxucesis kanonebi da aRiara igi qmediTunarianad (sul 65 muxli),
Semdgom ki mas axali muxlebi daumata (e.w. aRbuRas kanonebi). Tavdapirvelad,
kanonebi muxlad dayofili ar yofila, aramed dayofili iyo mTavar
nawilebad sakiTxebis mixedviT. sabolood ki krebam aRniSnul (beqasa da
aRbuRas) kanonebs daurTo ZvelTaganve arsebuli e.w. `bagrat kurapalatis
samarTlis~ muxlebi da agreTve kanonikuri samarTlis muxlebi Sedgenili
TviT Wulevis krebis mier. e.i. gamocemul iqna samarTlis axali krebuli,
romelic Tavis mxriv Setanil iqna vaxtangis `samarTlis wignebis krebulSi~.
i. doliZis gamocemis mixedviT, Zegli Seicavs sul 170 muxls, aqedan beqas
samarTals miekuTvneba 1-65 muxli, aRbuRas 66-98, bagrat kurapalats 99-160,
kanonikur samarTls 161-170, kanonTa bolos SecdomiT, ganmeorebiT
miuweriaT ramdenime kanoni504.
beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis wignis umTavres nawils sisxlis samarTlis
normebi Seadgens. saTanado adgili aqvs daTmobili saeklesio da samoqalaqo
samarTalsac. magaliTad, mawyvereli episkoposis adgili sasamarTlo
warmoebisas gaTanabrebulia patron-aTabagTan, muxlebSi 1, 4, 18, 22, 25, 33, 40.
pirveli muxlis Tanaxmad, patronad iwodeba mawyvereli, iseve, rogorc
aTabagi. `sisxlis ganaCenis~ aRniSnuli muxliT Tu
didebuli didebuls
moklavda, adgilze unda misuliyo `aTabagis kaci~ da `mawyverelis xati~,
Semdeg moSuRar mxareTa Soris mtroba unda Sewyvetiliyo da saqme
sasamarTlos unda gadascemoda. Tu erTi mxare gadaixveweboda, `mamuli
patronsa
aqundes
jayelsa
da
mawyverelsa~,
e.i.
mamuli
damnaSaves
CamoerTmeoda da jayelsa da mawyverels gadaecemoda. aseve iyo agreTve roca
aznauri aznaurs moklavda.
22-e muxlis Tanaxmad, Tu Zma Zmas moklavda, damnaSaves unda gadaexada
`patronis~ (jayelis) da `laSqris~ sasargeblod da, agreTve, mawyverelis an
sxva adgilobrivi episkoposis sasargeblod: `episkoposman misi wesi icis,
raca marTebs, man uyos~505. 33-e muxlSi naxsenebia `patroni mawyvereli~.
`patrons~, sxva muxlis Tanaxmad, SeeZlo damnaSavis `morbeva, mamulis waReba,
gaZeveba~ da sxv. (muxli 40). saerTod, samarTali ixilavs sasjelebs
mkvlelobis, sxeulis dazianebis, Seuracxyofis, ciliswamebis, sqesobrivi
danaSaulis, qalis motacebis, colis an qmris dagdebis, gaZarcvis, qurdobis,
meqrTameobis, Ralatis, TviTnebobis dros. agreTve, Seicavs samoqalaqo
samarTlis muxlebs, romlebic ganixilaven sakuTrebis uflebas, giravnobas,
nasyidobas, mibarebas, sesxs, Cuqebas, Tavdebobas, Txovebas, saojaxo

samarTals, memkvidreobas. sasamarTlo wyobilebasa da sasamarTlo warmoebas

eZRvneba muxlebi, romlebic ganixilavs bWisa da bWobis, Suakacis, ficis da
moficaris, mowmis, werilobiT sabuTebis sakiTxebs506.
beqasa da aRbuRas samarTlis wignis boloSi darTulia kanonebi bagrat
kurapalatisa da saeklesio dadgenilebebi. i. doliZis TvalsazrisiT, am
kanonebis sjulmdebeli unda iyos mefe bagrat IV
(1027-1072) da mas unda
mieweros beqasa da aRbuRas samarTlis wignis 99-160 kanonebi. sxva mecnierTa
azriT, rogorc ganvixileT, es kanonebi ekuTvnis bagrat kurapalats (IX s.). es
kanonebi `episkoposTa, didebulTa da aznaurTa da WkuianTa kacTa mefeTa
winaSe erTbamad~ SeumuSavebiaT anu `gauCeniaT~ `gangebiTa RmrTisaTa~507.
maSasadame, kanonebis SemuSavebaSi eklesiis ierarqebs _ episkoposebs
didebulebTan erTad miuRiaT monawileoba. muxlebis erTi nawili saeklesio
saqmeebs awesrigebs, amitomac es samarTali saeklesio samarTlis wyaroa.
pirvelive muxli mouwodebs mosamarTleebs `marTali samarTali unda
gaaCinoT RvTis SiSiT, qrTamisa da Tnebis
gareSe~. sasurvelad miiCnevda
mosamarTle momrigeblad daadginon `moZRvari~ an sxva sapatio piri. 103-e
muxliT, Tu episkoposi damnaSavea mefis winaSe, mefes ar SeuZlia misi
Sepyroba, aramed episkoposs evaleba `Sexvewa, Sekazmva mefisa~. gansakuTrebiT
sainteresoa da cnobilia bagrat kurapalatis samarTlis 102-e muxli,
romelSic naTqvamia _ `meore mefe episkoposi ars~. mTlianad es muxli aseTia
_ `Tu mefe episkopozsa gauwyres, gina usamarTlod, gina samarTliT, xelTa
Sepyrobai arca maSin moxdebis, amisaTvis raime meore mefe episkopozi ars da
qristianeTa sjulisa damamtkicebeli da raica mefesa sjulisa saqme aqvs,
agre Seiwynaren~508.
maSasadame, episkoposisa da mefis iuridiuli wona samarTlis samsjavros
winaSe Tanabaria, amitomac Tuki episkoposi damnaSavea kanonis winaSe, igi
iseve unda daisajos, ra sasjelsac kanonmdebloba iTvaliswinebs mefisaTvis
mocemuli danaSaulis SemTxvevaSi. mefes damnaSave episkoposis Sepyroba ar
SeuZlia, ar SeuZlia misi Sepyroba im SemTxvevaSic, Tuki mefe piradad
miiCnevs episkoposs arasasurvel pirad. kanonmdebloba sasuliero da saero
umaRles xelisufalT (am SemTxvevaSi, mefesa da episkoposs) aTanabrebs. es
principi, i. doliZis azriT, momdinareobs bizantiuri samarTlidan509. es
principi asaxulia vaxtangis samarTlis wignis 25-e muxlSic _ `mefisa da
kaTalikozis saqme... orisave swori aris, amitom rom erTi xorcis xelmwifea
da meore sulisa~.
mefisa
da
episkoposis
uflebrivad
gaTanabrebis
principi
aseve
gatarebulia bagratis samarTlis 103-e muxlSic, romlis Tanaxmad sjulis,
eklesiis, episkoposisa da mefis winaSe damnaSave mRvdeli, moZRvari an
monazoni ar eqvemdebareboda Sepyrobas. misi qmedeba unda gamoeZiaT da Tanxis
gadaxdiT daesajaT.
ufro meti, 105-e muxlis Tanaxmad, didebulis Tu sxvaTa mier sasuliero
piris SepyrobisaTvis sasjeli Sempyrobs daedeboda. aseve isjeba Semdegi
muxliT mRvdlis meuRlis `momyinvebeli~. 106-e muxliT didebuli, romelic
episkoposs Seaginebda, didi xvewnis Semdeg 40 000 TeTrs gadaixdida. xolo
imave qmedebisaTvis aznauri 20. 000 TeTriT daisjeboda, sazogadod, momdevno
muxlebi umetesad eklesias, anda sasuliero pirebs Seexeba, ase rom, bagrat
kurapalatis samarTalic saeklesio samarTlis wyaroa. sainteresoa 121-e

muxli, romlidanac vigebT, rom eklesiaSi `qveynis samlocvelod~ dasvenebul

macxovris xatisaTvis qveyana valdebuli iyo Seewira ocdaaTi glexi, e. i.
maTgan Semosavali unda moxmareboda xatis movla-patronobas, dacvasa da mis
winaSe locvis saqmes. yovlad wmida RvTismSoblis xatisaTvis Tormeti glexi
unda SeewiraT, amdenive glexi iyo dadgenili sxva xatebisTvisac. amiT iyo
gamowveuli is, rom udidesi ganZi, Zvirfasi xatebi da saeklesio nivTebi
eklesia-monastrebSi saukuneTa manZilze SesaniSnavad iyo daculi. zemoT
moyvanili muxlebi episkoposTa xelSeuxeblobis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi
imdenad gaTavisebuli iyo, rom mxolod ucxoelebma _ sparselebma da rusebma
gabedes misi darRveva _ magaliTad, rodesac rostom-xanma evdemoz
kaTalikosi moakvlevina da rusma xelisuflebma ki cemiT mokles dosiTeos
quTaTeli mitropoliti, imereTis kaTalikosis adgilze mjdomi.
Wulevis saeklesio krebas, rogorc aRvniSneT, mouZiebia da daurTavs
aRbuRas kanonebisaTvis beqa mandaturTuxucesis da, agreTve, bagrat
kurapalatis kanonebi. Wulevis krebas unda daematebina mTeli am samarTlis
krebulisaTvis e.w. `kanonikuri samarTlis~ muxlebi. krebas am kanonebiT
surda RalatiT Zmis Tu sxva kacis mkvlelis, asoTa moWris, brZolaSi
moklulis gaZarcvis, usamarTlod saxelgatexili kacis mokvlis, kanonieri
colis wagvris, sasuliero piris RalatiT mokvlis da sxva msgavsi uzneo
qmedebis aRmofxvra. amitomac yovel muxls axlavs damarRvevlis wyevlis
formula. sazogadod, qurdobis, eklesiis gatexis, venaxis aWris, saydris
saqonlis motacebis, cecxlis wakidebasa da sxva danaSaulSi mxilebuli
damnaSaveebi wyevliTac isjebodnen da, agreTve, Sesabamisi kanoniTac
(saeklesio sasjelis garda). kreba 165-e, 168-170 muxlebis dasasruls
iTvaliswinebs sanqcias, rom damnaSave `kanonsameca qveSe iqnebis wmindaca
mociqulTaca~ _ rac kanonikuri samarTlis formulas warmoadgens510.
amitomac, aseTi muxlebis, anu sakanonos dadeba SeeZlo swored saeklesio
krebas da asec moqceula Wulevis kreba. kanonebSi moxseniebuli `sapiro da
sanaxSiro~ unda niSnavdes, samomrigeblos, samosalaparakeblos, anu mxareTa
Soris molaparakebisa da morigebis miRwevisaTvis gankuTvnil gasamrjelos.
`sanaxSo~ salaparako adgils erqva. samarTali, ZiriTadad, msoflio
saeklesio krebaTa kanonebs eyrdnoba.
i. doliZe wers: `samcxe-saaTabagos samTavros saSinao marTva-gamgeoba
mTlianad patron _ aTabagis mier damoukideblad xorcieldeboda. `imxanad
saqarTvelos mTlianoba imdenad daSlili iyo, rom mefes TiTqmis
aRaraviTari Zala aRar hqonda~511. sakanonmdeblo xelisufleba saaTabagoSi
patron aTabags ekuTvnis da igi am uflebas saqarTvelos mefisagan
damoukideblad axorcielebs, igi aRWurvilia uzenaesi sasamarTlo xelisuflebiTac~512. magram sagangebod unda aRiniSnos, rom patroni aTabagi araa
TviTmpyrobeli xelisufali, mis samTavroSi zogierTi gansakuTrebuli
saxelisuflo da sasamarTlo ufleba miniWebuli aqvs eklesias, kerZod ki
awyuris
episkoposs
(mawyverels).
`awyuris
episkoposis
sasamarTlo
iurisdiqcias eqvemdebareboda mTeli rigi mniSvnelovani sisxlisa da
samoqalaqo samarTlis saqmeebi (beqa-aRbuRas samarTlis mixedviT). mawyvereli
aTabagTan
erTad
axorcielebs
umaRles
sasamarTlo
xelisuflebas.
saaTabagos saqarTvelos samefosagan gandgomam didi gavlena moaxdina
mawyverelis damoukideblobaze da misi sasamarTlo iurisdiqciis zrdaze.

saaTabagoSi mawyvereli iseTive umaRlesi saeklesio Tanamdebobis piri iyo,

rogorc kaTalikosi saqarTveloSi. Tu aTabagi saqarTvelos mefes arafers
ekiTxeboda, mawyverelic damoukidiebeli iyo mcxeTis saeklesio kaTedrisagan.
samcxe-saaTabagoSi igi damoukideblad axorcielebda umaRles saeklesio
xelisuflebas da sjulmdeblobas~513. magram xazgasmiTaa aRsaniSnavi, rom
`Tu sasuliero saqmeebSi mawyvereli uzenaesi piria, saero samarTlis
saqmeebSi is aTabagis Tanasworia, masTan erTad axorcielebs umaRles
marTlmsajulebas~514.
amiT (e.i. samarTlis sferoSi aTabagisa da mawyverelis TanasworobiT)
aris gamowveuli beqa-aRbuRas samarTlad cnobili wignebis Sedgeniloba.
isidore doliZis TvalsazrisiT beqasa da aRbuRas samarTali Tavdapirvelad
98 muxlisagan Sedgeboda (eyrdnoba 1672 wlis xelnawers), e.i. igi Sedgeboda
mxolod
beqa
mandaturTuxucesis
da
aRbuRa
aTabag-amirspasalaris
samarTlisagan. mxolod Semdgom saukuneebSi `sxva muxlebi SemTxveviTa da
SemTxveviT miumates am sakanonmdeblo Zegls~515. es Camateba i.doliZis
TvalsazrisiT, Seusrulebia `vaxtang mefis sakodifikacio komisias~1. Cveni
Tvalsazrisi
gansxvavdeba
am
mxriv.
Cveni
fiqriT
WulevSi
Sedga
sakanonmdeblo saeklesio kreba, romelmac sabolood gamosca mTliani saxiT
erTiani sakanonmdeblo Zegli, romelic imTaviTve Sedgeboda rogorc beqasa
da aRbuRas samarTlisagan, agreTve Seicavda 99-160 (e.i. bagrat kurapalatis
samarTals) da rac umTavresia, krebis mier gamocemul 161-170 muxlebs (e.i.
kanonikur samarTals). es gamowveuli unda yofiliyo zemoaRniSnuli
garemoebiT, kerZod, imiT rom, marTalia patroni aTabagi saTaveSi edga
samTavros sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebas, magram igi am udides uflebas
iziarebda mawyverelTan erTad. eklesiis es uflebamosileba (samarTlis
sferoSi) kargad Canda uZveles adgilobriv (yofil tao-klarjeTSi)
SemuSavebul ZeglSi, romelic bagrat kurapalatis samarTlis saxeliT iyo
cnobili (IX s. Zeglia). am Zeglis CarTviT Wulevis krebam eklesiis uzenaesi
sasamarTlo da saxelisuflo uflebani kidev erTxel gaxada TvalsaCino da
kanonmdeblobis saxiT daamtkica.

[Wulevis krebis samarTali]

(amokrebili muxlebi)
[Sesavali, beqa mandaturTuxucesis samarTlidan]. SeviyareniT WulevTa,
mindobilni RmrTisani da awyuris RmrTismSoblisani, da... davideviT wina

patronisa papiCemisa mandaturTuxucesis beqas ganaCeni da igi agreve

srulobiT da ukleblad davswereT.
da raca JamTa siaviTa sxvani uwesoni saqmeni Semosuliyvnen, maTi
samarTalica zeda daurTeT, asre rome, _ rac sisxlisa da gerSisa, dasxmisa
da Ralatisa da rasa ginda ferisa dasaurvebeli saqme iyos.
patronisa papisCemisagan ganaCeni yazanuri TeTri iyo da ama JamT-Siga
yazanuroba aR-sadme-moklebuliyo (?). da didis warCinebulis mefis giorgis
Jamisa TeTri gavaCineT; oriani xuTi dangi wminda vercxli da rogoraca aw
Jamisa TeTri iyos, angariSiT ama wesiT aRiRebden.
amad ara CamovamcreviT, rome avi saqme nu visganme gaadvildebis.
awyurisa da safarisa, viTa ZveliTgan yofiliyo, arca didsa mefesa
moeSala da Cven ganaRamca agreTve davamtkiceT.
wigni samarTlisa kacTa Secodebisa yovlisave
saxeliTa RmrTisaTa dausabamosa mamisa, Zisa da wmidisa sulisaTa,
meoxebiTa yovlad wmidisa RmrTismSobelisaTa da yovelTa wmidaTa zecisa
da queyanisaTa, me, aTabag-amilspasalarman aRbuRa, movaseneT patiosansa...
mawyuerelsa da biZaZeTa CemTa, SaSiasa da missa Zmas safaris moZRuarsa
pafnutis; xuTsave Temsa samcxisasa, taovelTa, SavSTa da klarjTa, da maT
Sina myofTa episkopozTa da meudabnoveTa, moweseTa mowmobiTa. mindobilni
RmrTisani da yovlad wmidisa RmrTismSobelisani, dav[i]deviT winaSe
patronisa papisCemisa beqas ganaCeni; igi srulobiT da ukleblad davwereT;
da raca JamTa siaviTa sxuani uwesoni saqmeni Semosrul iyvnes, maTi
samarTali zeda daurTeT, ase rome, _ raca sisxlisa, gerSisa dasxmisa,
Ralatisa da rasa ginda TeTrisa sauravisa saqme iyos.
patonis papisCemisagan ganaCeni yazanuri TeTri iyo. ama Jamsa Sina
yazanuroba arRara iyo.
didisa mefisa giorgis Jamisa TeTri gavaCineT:
oriani xuTi dangi wmida vecxli. da rogorca TeTri iyos, angariSad ima
wesiTa aiRebodes. amad ara CamovamcreviT, rome avi saqme nu visgan
gaadvildebis.
awyurisa da safarisa viTa ZveliTgan yofiliyo, arca didsa patonsa
moeSala, Cuen ganaRamca egreTve davamtkiceT.
[bagrat kurapalatis samarTlidan] 100. vinca moZRuari iyos, anu mefeTa
winaSe zrdili da namyofi kaci iyos, anu kargi did-vaWari, anu kargi
soflisa mamasaxlisi iyos, ageTi kaci dasvi bWed, Wkuiani iqnebis da kargad
ecodinebis bWoba, da usamarTlos aras itys.
101. Tu ebiskopozman mefesa Sescodos, mefisagan elad Sepyroba ara
egebis, amad rome misda muqafad sasjelisa damamtkicebeli ars.
Sexuewa, Sekazma marTebs ebiskopozsa mefisa.
102. Tu mefe ebiskopozsa gauwyres, gina usamarTlod, gina samarTliTa,
elTa Sepyroba arca maSin modebis, amisTis rome meore mefe ebiskopozi
ars da qristianeTa sjulisa damamtkicebeli.
da raca mefesa sjulisa saqme aqus, agre Seiwynaren.
103. Tu moZRuarman anu mRdelman, anu monazonman mefesa anu ebiskopozsa
Sescodos, anu sjulsa, anu eklesiasa Sescodos, elTa aravisgan Seipyrobis.

gakiTxva unda, da raca mizezi daswamon, mas mizezsa unda gamonaxva

gardadevineba.
104. vinca, anu didebulman, anu aznaurman, anu sxuaman vinme, monazoni anu
mRdeli mZlavrebiT elTa Seipyras, rasaca guarisa iyos, mis sisxlsa xuTi
aTasi sxua ematos.
da Tu guariani iyos anu elismqonebeli, missa sisxlsa naxevari sisxli
ematos.
105. Tu kacman xucisa coli moayivnos, gina uzesTaesman, gina uquemoesman,
missa sisxlsa samoci aTasi TeTri sxua ematos.
106. Tu ebiskopozsa didebulman aginos, ormoci aTasi TeTri dauurvos da
didad Seexuewis.
107. Tu [ebiskopozsa] aznaurman aginos, didiTa SexuewiTa oci aTasi TeTri
dauurvos.
108. Tu aznaurman anu didebulman mRdelsa aginos, anu uquemoesman,
mesamedi sixlisa dauurvos da didad Seexuewos.
109. Tu kacman kaci guemos da eklesia gautexos, rasaca guarisa iyos,
sruli sisxli dauurvos.
112. Tu igi eklesia sanaxevro iyos, anu samesamedo, anu sameoTxedo, anu
samrevlo, angariSi qnan da agre dauurvos, raca wili edvas.
visiTaca mizeziTa damarTebodes, sapiro man dauurvos. da ima eklesiisa
moziareni gverca udgenda rome maTca ara gamoyon, ara emarTlebian.
113. Tu eklesia mekobreTa gatexon patronisa ukiTxavad da ese daswamon,
Sen icodio, patronman mis mekobrisaman ucodneloba ficos ocdaoTxisa
kaciTa da daejerebis. mekobre elTa misces, ra ginda uyon, nu daemdurebis.
alafica ukleblad Seaqcion, gina maT gamoiRon.
115. Tu eklesiasa daesxnen, xuTi aTasi TeTri dauurvon saupatiod.
121. sadaca macxovrisa xati esuenos samcvelod queyanisa, saupatiod
ocdaaTi
glexi
marTebs,
Tormeti
_
yovlad
wmidisa,
Tormeti
_
mTavarangelozTa, Tormeti _ sxuaTa wmidaTa mRvdelT-moZRvarTa, mociqulTa,
wmidis giorgisa, naTlismcemelisa da sxuaTa wmidaTa.
[kanonikuri samarTali] 161. romelmanca, vinca ginda didman, anu mcireman
kacman, RalatiT Zma moklas da anu RalatiT sxua kaci, krul da wyeul,
SeCuenebul iyavn dausabamosa RmrTisa piriTa.
da viTarisaca guarisa iyos kaci igi, orkeci sisxli dauurvos.
da vinca uSuelos da Seiwynaros, krul da wyeul, SeCuenebul iyavn.
162. vinca qristianeman kacman Zmas Tualni daswunes cxadad anu Ralatad,
anu mohkueTos rame asoTagani, sisxli sruli da sanaxSiro dauurvos.
krul da wyeul, SeCuenebul iyavn, da cudmca ars mosasenebeli sicocxle
da sikudili misi.
163. brZolaTa Sina romelica kaci mokudes, abjrisagan kide tansacmelsa
da nifxav-perangsa nu vin modis.
krul, wyeul da SeCuenebul iyavn RmrTisa piriTa.
164. vinca mekobre, mejurmuce da mparavi kaci moklas, cxadad gamoCndes,
rome usamarTlo yofiliyos, _ vinca misman naTesavman da saSualTa misi
sisxli ikiTxon, krul da SeCuenebul da wyeul iyavn.
165. romelman kacman vis ginda misi guirguin nakurTxi coli wauRos da
mostacos, sruli sisxli dauurvos, rasaca guarisa iyos.

krul da wyeul da SeCuenebul [iyavn] piriTa RmrTisaTa.

da kanonsamca queSe iqmnebis wmidaTa mociqulTasa.
166. romelmanca, vin ginda guarman kacman, xucesi, monazoni anu diakoni
malviT, RalatiT moklas, Seipyras da gaZarcos, ori keci sisxli dauurvos.
krul da wyeul da SeCuenebul [iyavn] suli da orci misi.
167. romelmanca kacman ra ginda ra moiparos da gamoCndes, ornive Tualni
daewunen da anu el-feri daeWras.
Tu sapatiJosa adgilsa ara moeparos, vin iyiddes, viTaca daafason, egre
mihyidon, da naparevi dauklebliv missa patronsa misces.
da krul, wyeul da SeCuenebul iyavn.
168. romelmanca kacman, didman anu mcireman, rasa ginda nivTianisa
saqmisaTis da mterobisaTis, sisxlisa da valisa gardadisaTis eklesia
gatexos anu cecxli Seudvas da dawuas, anu cxadad anu idumal, kanonsamca
queSe ars wmidaTa mociqulTasa da wmidaTa krebaTasa.
krul da wyeul da SeCvenebul iyavn.
mcire ese dasaurvebeli gangiCenia, _ raca amisa eklesiisa dasaurvebeli
patiJi eweros da gaCenil iyos, orkeci dauurvos, da alafi raca waeRos,
uzRos. amave kanonsa queSe iyos kaci igi.
169. romelmanca kacman, ginda sisxlisa da gulis tkivilisaTis, venai
daWras anu xeni nayofierni, anu yana daTibos, cxadad anu idumal, krul da
wyeul da SeCuenebul iyavn kaci igi caTa Sina da queyanasa zeda.
[1691]. vinca saydrisa saqonebelTa senakTa, agaraTa, saxlTa, beRelTa,
maranTa da vis ginda sxuaTa kacisa mosamarebelTa RamiT cecxli Seudvas,
rasa ginda sisxlisa [da] mterobisaTis, rasaca gulis tkivilisaTis anu
movalebisaTis, krul, wyeul da SeCueneul iyavn igi kaci caTa Sina da
queyanasa zeda.
da romlisaca saqmisaTis qnas igi saqme, gardades.
da viTarca adgili iyos, sisxli da patiJi gardaiados da kanonsa queSe
iyos. da danaklebi uzRos.
170. vin ginda kacman rasa ginda saqmisa da mterobisaTis saydarsa da
saydrisa saqonebelsa malviTa anu cxadad cecxli Seudvas, dawuas ra ginda
ra, cxadad gamoCndes, saydris patiJad ocdaTormeti aTasisa TeTrisa
dauurvos.
da krul da wyeul da SeCuenebul iyavn, da cudmca ars mosasenebeli
suli da orci misi amas sofelsa da mas saukunosa dausabamosa RmrTisa
madliTa da kanonosa queSe ars wmidaTa mociqulTasa516.
4. caiS-bediis Sekrebis `mcneba sasjulo~ (1470-1474 ww.)
XV saukunis bolos saqarTveloSi Camosula antioqia-ierusalimis
patriarqi mixeili, misTvis umaspinZlia bediel-caiSel episkopos ioakimes,
mefe bagrats, dadian-guriel Samadavlas, sxva erisTavebs, didebulebs,
aznaurebs. sayovelTao, saqveyno saWiroebisaTvis antioqiel patriarqs
Zegliswerac dautovebia, romelsac boloSi `biWvintis RvTismSoblisa
saWeTmpyrobeli kaTalikozis~ beWedi azis. amitomac unda vifiqroT, rom

antioqia-ierusalimis patriarqis mixeilis Camosvlisas moxda Sekreba

episkoposebisa, miT umetes, rom am dros axali kaTalikosic ukurTxebiaT,
rac, cxadia, episkoposTa Sekrebis gareSe ar moxdeboda, amitomac maT
TavSeyras SeiZleba `kreba~ uwodiT.
zogierTi istorikosis TvalsazrisiT, antioqielma patriarqma xeli
daasxa afxazeTis kaTalikoss, akurTxa igi da amiT TiTqosda qarTuli
eklesiis wiaRidan gamoyo lixT-imereTis (afxazeTis) sakaTalikoso. am
Tvalsazrisis gaziareba ar SeiZleba. saqme isaa, rom rogorc antioqieli
patriarqis XV s.-Si saqarTveloSi Camosvlamde, ise mas Semdegac, afxazeTis,
anu dasavleT saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso yovelTvis iyo qarTuli eklesiis
erT-erTi cocxali da Zlieri nawili. mis mrevls warmoadgendnen dasavleT
saqarTveloSi
mcxovrebi
qarTvelebi,
romelnic
mterTagan
SedarebiT
daculobis gamo, mtkiced inarCunebdnen ZvelqarTul adaTebs, wesebsa da
Cveulebebs. am sakaTalikosoSi mudam, vidre XIX saukunemde, ruseTis mier
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
avtokefaliis
gauqmebamde,
wirva-locvis,
RvTismsaxurebis erTaderTi ena iyo qarTuli ena. afxazeTis kaTalikosebi
mudam qarTvelebi iyvnen iseve, rogorc episkoposebi da cxadia, mrevlic.
sabuTebi, sigelebi, gujrebi, warwerebi mxolod da mxolod qarTulad iyo
Sedgenili.
Cvenamde moRweulia gvarebi afxazeTis kaTalikosebisa, romelnic zeobdnen
antioqieli patriarqis mixeilis Semdeg, yvelas gvari qarTulia, yvelani
qarTuli eklesiis cnobili moRvaweni arian, maT Sesaxeb da maTi xeliT
Sedgenili mravali dokumentia moRweuli, esenia: malaqia abaSiZe (1529-1532),
evdemon CxetiZe (1557-1578), eqvTime I sayvareliZe (1578-1605), malaqia gurieli
(1616-1639), maqsime maWutaZe (1639-1567), zaqaria qvariani (1657-1660), simon CxetiZe
(1661-1666), evdemon II sayvareliZe (1666-1669), eqvTime II sayvareliZe (1669-1673),
daviT nemsaZe (1673-1696), grigol lorTqifaniZe (1696-1742), germane wulukiZe,
besarion erisTavi (1755-1769), ioseb bagrationi, maqsime abaSiZe (1776-1795) da
sxvebi. arc erTi maTgani ar kurTxeula ucxo patriarqis mier, ase rom,
antioqieli patriarqis mixeilis mier afxazeTis kaTalikos ioakimes
kurTxevas, Tu es namdvilad ase moxda, ar SeuzRudavs dasavleT saqarTvelos
sakaTalikosos TavisTavadoba _ avtokefalia, sxva, romelime ucxo eklesiis
sasargeblod, araviTari zegavlena ar mouxdenia am mxriv mis kanonikur
mdgomareobaze. SesaZlebelia ucxo patriarqma mixeilma monawileoba miiRo
bedieli episkoposis (ioakimes) kaTalikosad kurTxevaSi, anda xeli Seuwyo
mas, raTa daeWira sakaTalikoso taxti. cxadia, yovelive es ar amcirebs ucxo
patriarqis mier saqarTvelos eklesiis sawinaaRmdegod mimarTul qmedebas,
romelic kargad aqvs gamokvleuli ivane javaxiSvils. igi wers: `saqarTvelos
swvevia antioqiisa da ierusalimis patriarqi mixeili, Cveni qveyana Cveuli iyo
am
ucxoqveynel
mRvdelmTavarTa
stumrobasa
da
kalmasobas,
Tavis
mogzaurobis gasamarTleblad da fulebis datyuebis gasaadvileblad, Tanac
saqarTvelos Tavisi mudmiv Semosavlis wyarod qcevisaTvis ierusalimelantioqieli patriarqebi cdilobdnen mTeli TavianTi yofaqcevisaTvis
kanonieri
safuZveli
moeZebnaT.
gankerZoebis
momxre
mefe-mTavrebi
saqarTveloSi sargeblobdnen am mRvdel-mTavrebis mogzaurobiT TavianTi
miznebis gansaxorcieleblad~517.

CamosvlisTanave mixeili Tavis saqmes Sesdgomia: `iqna gamoZieba da

mokiTxva gujarTa, davTarTa da iadgarTa, viTar igi pirvelad qarTlisa da
afxazeTisa kaTalikozni antioqiisa patriarqisagan ikurTxebodian~, _ wers
antioqieli patriarqi518. maSasadame, am ucxoel patriarqs dauwyia qarTul
saeklesio sabuTebSi masalis moZieba imis dasamtkiceblad, rom uZveles
dros, qarTveli kaTalikosebi antioqiis patriarqisagan ikurTxebodnen. ratom
ar moZebna man amis Sesaxeb berZnuli sabuTebi TviT antioqiasa da sxvagan?
Cans, Zebna kidec, magram veraferisaTvis miugnia, marTlac, cnobilia, rom
pirdapiri
ucxouri
wyaroebi
qarTuli
eklesiis
ucxour
eklesiaze
damokidebulebis Sesaxeb ar arsebobs521, amitomac antioqieli patriarqi
iZulebuli gamxdara TviT qarTul sabuTebSi moeZebna raime masala. rogorc
cnobilia, qarTul wyaroebSi moipoveba nawyvetebi efrem mcires naSromidan
qarTuli eklesiis odesRac antioqia-ierusalimze damokidebulebis Sesaxeb.
efrem mcirem Tavis naSromSi `uwyeba mizezsa qarTvelTa moqcevisasa~
gamoiyena berZnuli wyaroebi, magram, rogorc gamokvleuli gvaqvs, efrems
ucxouri cnobebi, romelnic exeboda `qvemo iberiis~ eklesias, miuCnevia
zogadad qarTul, anu `iberiis~ eklesiis Sesaxeb daweril cnobad. saqme isaa,
rom ucxoelebi `qvemo iberiis saarqiepiskoposos~ uwodebdnen dasavleT
saqarTvelos (afxazeTis) eklesias, xolo zemo iberiis saarqiepiskoposos
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos (qarTlis) sakaTalikosos. efremis am naSromidan
nawyvetebi Sesuli iyo sxvadasxva saeklesio sabuTSi, swored maTTvis miugnia
patriarq mixeils da ucdia gamoeyenebina Tavis sasargeblod. `cxadia, Tu
risTvis dasWirdeboda es cnoba mixeil patriarqs. mas undoda am Zveli
damokidebulebiT esargebla, igi antioqiis mRvdelmTavarTa saqarTvelos
eklesiaze batonobis ganaxleba-aRdgenaze ocnebobda ukve, rodesac mas cnoba
xelT eqneboda, maSin gulubryvilo xalxs ufro advilad daarwmunebda, rom
saqarTvelos eklesiis Sinaur saqmeebSi Carevis ufleba hqonda da rogorc
`JamTa siZvelisagan da soflisa siveragisagan iyvnes mravalni wesni SeSliT
da gardaqceviT522. viTomc amgvaradve qarTuli eklesiis TviTmwyemsoba da
damoukidebloba ukanono da `SeSlil~ wesad undoda gamoecxadebina~521.
`vakurTxeT kaTalikozi iovakim, marjvena ierusalimisa afxazeTis
kaTalikozi da kurTxeulmca ars, davayeneT da davsviT yovelTa qristianeTa
lixT-amerisa, odiSisa, guriisa da afxazeTisa... vakurTxeT~2, wers mixeil
patriarqi.
araa SemTxveviTi, rom igi mravlobiT ricxvSi laparakobs, maSasadame,
iovakime afxazeTis, anu dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikosad akurTxa ara
marto man, aramed sxvebmac. vis hqonda ufleba kaTalikosis kurTxevisa?
avtokefalur eklesiaSi, rogorc aucilebeli wesi, kaTalikoss (e.i. meTaurs)
akurTxebs episkoposTa kreba mocemuli eklesiisa, swored amiT gamoixateba am
eklesiis avtokefalia. rogorc Cans, dasavleT saqarTvelos episkoposebi
Sekrebilan da gamourCeviaT meTauri, patriarq mixeils ki kurTxevaSi
monawileoba miuRia.
rogorc Cans, ufro adre dasavleT saqarTvelos (afxazeTis) kaTalikosis
kurTxevaSi aqtiur monawileobas iRebda qarTlis kaTalikosi, romelsac
agreTve hqonda tituli `saqarTvelos patriarqisa~. axla ki igi axali
kaTalikosis kurTxevaze ar miuwveviaT, anda ver Casula. maSasadame, mixeilis
dros afxazeTis sakaTalikosom TavisTavadoba ki ar dakarga antioqiis

sasargeblod, aramed man ufro aimaRla Tavisi damoukidebloba qarTlis

kaTalikosis mimarT. afxazeTis erTi kaTalikosis sabuTi, romelsac qvemoT
moviyvanT, uCvenebs, rom im dros qarTul eklesiaSic dawyebula igive
procesi, romelic ukve dawyebuli iyo qveyanaSi _ danawevreba damoukidebel
administraciul erTeulebad. aRsaniSnavia, rom garkveul dromde imereTisa
da kaxeTis mefeebi iCendnen ara separatizms, am sityvis klasikuri gagebiT,
aramed, piriqiT, surdaT centraluri xelisufleba maT xelSi gadasuliyo,
TavianT Tavs `imereTis~ an `kaxeTis~ mefeebs ki ar uwodebdnen, aramed
sruliad saqarTvelos kanonier mefeebad
warmoaCendnen Sesabamisi sruli
titulaturiT: `mefe afxazTa, qarTvelTa, ranTa, kaxTa~ da a.S. kuTxurregionalur politikur erTeulTa meTaurebi TavianT Tavs miiCnevdnen
sruliad saqarTvelos mefeebis kanonier memkvidreebad, maSasadame, maTSi
arsebobda survili saqarTvelos erTianobisa, oRond TavianTi meTaurobiT.
msgavsi procesi yofila dasavleT saqarTvelos (afxazeTis) sakaTalikosoSic.
afxazeTis kaTalikoss ara gamoyofa surda saqarTvelos eklesiidan, aramed
miiswrafoda, rom mas mikuTvneboda `sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikospatriarqis~ tituli, es Cans 1712 wels Sedgenil Sewirulobis wignSi
`kaTalikos grigol lorTqifaniZisa biWvinTisadmi~, am sabuTSi afxazeTis
kaTalikosi Tavis Tavs `sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoss~ uwodebs, kerZod,
sabuTs boloSi azis beWedi aseTi warweriT: `grigol mwyemsi qristes mier
yovlisa saqarTvelosa kaTalikozi~522.
aqedan aSkarad Cans, rom afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos) eklesia ara
Tu gamoeyo qarTul eklesias, piriqiT, swored mas miaCnda WeSmarit qarTul
eklesiad Tavisi Tavi, xolo misi saWeTmpyrobeli `yoveli saqarTvelos
kaTalikozad~.
marTalia, administraciuli TvalsazrisiT qarTlisa da afxazeTis
sakaTalikosoebi TavisTavadni iyvnen, magram ar unda daviviwyoT analogiuri
SemTxvevebi msoflio eklesiaSi. magaliTad, berZnul eklesiaSi arsebobs
erTmaneTis
mimarT
sruliad
avtokefaluri
berZnuli
sapatriarqoebi
(konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, ierusalimis), saarqiepiskoposoebi (eladis,
kviprosis), da maT garda arsebobs agreTve avtonomiuri berZnuli saeklesio
erTeulebi (Tesalonikis, aTonis) da sxv. analogiuri mdgomareobaa somxur
eklesiaSic. sulieri TvalsazrisiT erTian da mTlian somxur eklesiaSi
arsebobdnen
erTmaneTis
mimarT
avtokefaluri
sapatriarqoebi
da
sakaTalikosoebi (magaliTad, aRvanqis, anu albaneTis sakaTalikoso, daarsda
VI-VIII saukuneebSi, iarseba 1813 wlamde), ierusalimis sapatriarqo (somxuri),
daarsda VI saukuneSi, gamoeyo centralur somxur sakaTalikosos 1311 wels,
arsebobs amJamadac, aRTamaris sakaTalikoso (1113-1895), kilikiis sakaTalikoso
(arsebobs 1446 wlidan dRemde), konstantinopolis sapatriarqo (somxuri,
arsebobs 1461 wlidan), Tu ra Tqma unda, aRaras vityviT eCmiaZinis
sapatriarqoze.
zemoT moyvanilidan gamomdinare, yovelgvar safuZvelsaa moklebuli
gancxadeba imisa, TiTqosda antioqiis patriarqis mixeilis qmedebaTa Sedegad
`afxazeTis qarTuli eklesiis TviTmwysobis ufleba Seilaxa, damoukidebloba
moispo da ierusalim-antioqiis patriarqis xelqveiTi Seiqmna~1. es araswori
mosazrebaa. antioqieli patriarqis mixeilis Camosvlis Semdeg, rogorc iTqva,
dasavleT saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso ar damorCilebia ierusalim-antioqiis

sapatriarqos, misi TavisTavadoba da TviTmwysobis ufleba ar SezRudula.

XV-XVIII saukuneebis uamravi dokumenti da masala, romelic afxazeTis
sakaTalikosodanaa gamosuli, anda mas exeba, niSanwyalsac ki ar Seicavs
imisa,
rom
es
sakaTalikoso
ierusalim-antioqiis
sapatriarqosadmia
daqvemdebarebuli. erTaderTi wyaro, romelic TiTqosda aseTi mosazrebis
gamoTqmis nebas iZleva, aris Cveni gansaxilveli `mcnebai sasjulo~, romelic,
rogorc Cans, Zvel saqarTveloSi ganixileboda ara viTarca iuridiuli,
aramed
istoriuli
xasiaTis
dokumenti.
ase,
magaliTad,
Tuki
e.w.
`kaTalikozTa samarTals~ samoqmedo iuridiuli xasiaTis dokumentad
miiCnevdnen Semdgomi drois kaTalikosebi da mas `ganaaxlebdnen~ kidec, e.i.
mis Zalmosilebas TavianTi xelis moweriT da kvlav xelaxla amtkicebdnen,
`mcnebai sasjulos~ xels arc erTi imdroindeli episkoposi da arc erTi
Semdegi drois kaTalikosi xels ar awers. am dokuments erTi xelismowerabeWedi azis, albaT, kaTalikosad axalnakurTxi iovakimesi.
zemoT moyvanilidan gamomdinare, arc aseTi gancxadebaa swori: `am
saqcieliT patriarqma mixeilma, bagrat mefem da dadian-gurielma Samadavlam
qarTveli eris saukeTeso SvilTa da mTeli xalxis mier saukuneTa brZoliT
monapovari, qarTuli eklesiis Tavisufleba mospes da gaanadgures~524.
qarTuli eklesiis Tavisufleba marTlac qarTveli eris saukeTeso
SvilTa saukunovani brZoliTYmiRweuli monapovaria, magram misi SebRalva,
sabednierod, ver SeZlo antioqielma patriarqma mixeilma, Tumca ki, rogorc
Cans, mas didi survili da mizanswrafvac hqonia, rac gamomJRavnebulia imave
dokumentSi _ `mcnebai sasjuloSi~. kerZod, mixeils SeuTxzavs Teoria
saqarTvelos eklesiis mTlianobis dasarRvevad. sxvaTa Soris, am Teorias
amJamadac siamovnebiT imeorebs qarTuli eklesiis istoriis gadmocemisas ara
erTi piri, Tumca ki, cxadia, yovelgvari winaswarganzraxvis gareSe. es Teoria
SemdgomSi mdgomareobs TiTqosda wmida andria mociquli ganmanaTlebelia
ara sruliad saqarTvelosi, aramed mxolod misi dasavleTi nawilisa,
amgvaradve wmida nino ganmanaTlebelia ara sruliad saqarTvelosi, aramed
mxolod misi aRmosavleTi nawilisa (qarTlisa). es Teoria, rogorc aRiniSna,
XV saukuneSi SeTxza patriarqma mixeilma, Zvel saqarTveloSi ki amis Sesaxeb
sxvagvari mosazreba hqondaT. ivane javaxiSvili wers: `...giorgi mTawmindeli
da gansakuTrebiT efrem mcire, ruis-urbnisis 1103 wlis saeklesio krebis
yvela sulisCamdgmeli da nikoloz kaTalikosi amtkicebdnen, rom andria
mociqulma iqadaga `yovelsa queyanasa saqarTveloisasa~, xolo SemdegSi
daviwyebuli
qristianoba
kvlav
aRadgina
wmida
ninom,
romlis
saswaulmoqmedebam da qadagebam `miizida yoveli savseba yovlisa qarTvelTa
naTesavisa~525. nikoloz kaTalikosic wmida ninos saerTo mociqulad da
ganmanaTleblad miiCnevda `Cuen qarTvelTaisa~526. erTi sityviT, andria
mociqulica da wmida ninoc saerTo qarTuli eklesiis damaarseblad da
mTeli qarTveli eris ganmanaTleblad iyvnen cnobilni. saqarTvelos
sxvadasxva nawilisaTvis calke mqadageblebis arsebobis azri da gamoZebnis
survili ara hqoniaT, radgan isini mTliani da ganuyofeli saqarTvelos
ganmtkicebisa
da
aRorZinebisaTvis
iRvwodnen.
antioqiel-ierusalimeli
patriarqi mixeili swored am qarTvel saxelovan mecnierTa mier Seqmnilsa da
mTeli qarTveli erisagan Sesisxlxorcebul Semecnebas spobda~527.

qarTvelTa fsiqikuri erTobis am erT-erTi gamoxatulebisaTvis safuZvlis

gamoclas Turme patriarq mixeilTan erTad qarTveli didebulebic uwyobdnen
xels, rogorc aRniSnavs iv. javaxiSvili, es mas gasaocar saqmed miaCnia. masve
gamorkveuli aqvs T. Jordaniasa da s. kakabaZis Sromebze dayrdnobiT, rom
`mcnebai sasjuloi~ dawerili unda iyos 1470-1474 wlebSi. amis safuZvels
iZleva is, rom ZeglSi moxseniebuli Samadavla `bediani~ gaxda 1470 wels da
1474 wels ki gardaicvala. im droisaTvis dasavleT saqarTveloSi arsebobda
samTavro `sabedianos~ saxelwodebiT, mis mTavars `bediani~ erqva. `mcnebai
sasjuloidan~ Cans, rom bediani didi erisTavT-erisTavi Samadavla `dadiangurieli~ yofila, maSasadame, mas samegrelos garda, guriac sWeria. SeiZleba
vifiqroT, rom am samTavros dedaqalaqi bediaSi iyo. Cans, episkoposTa Soris
dedaqalaqis, e.i. bediis episkoposi yvelaze metad gandidebula da mas
pretenzia ganucxadebia dasavleT saqarTvelos (afxazeTis) sakaTalikoso
taxtze. am saqmeSi mas, rogorc aRvniSneT, antioqieli mixeili daxmarebia,
caiSel-bedieli iovakime kaTalikosi gamxdara. Cans, kaTalikosobis drosac
misi ZiriTadi samyofeli ara biWvinTaSi, aramed samTavros karze, e. i. bediaSi
iyo. TviTon `mcnebai sasjuloi~ miuTiTebs, rom namdvili afxazeTi, sadac
biWvinTa mdebareobs, im droisaTvis sarwmunoebriv kriziss ganicdida.
patriarqi mixeili amitomac miuTiTebda: `afxazebi qristianobisagan sruliad
midrekil iyvnes, qristes mcnebaTagan ganSorebul iyvnes~528. aRniSnulTa gamo
unda vifiqroT, rom mixeili miiRes ara biWvinTaSi, aramed mterTagan ufro
dacul qalaqSi, Cans, bediaSi. albaT, aqve aiyvanes sakaTalikoso taxtze
iovakime, krebac aqve unda Catarebuliyo. cxadia, afxazeTis sakaTalikoso
mxolod sabedianos ar moicavda, aramed srul dasavleT saqarTvelos,
`mcnebai sasjuloiSi~ gadmocemulia misi iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi: `lixTa
amerisa, Woxors aqaT, ovseTsa aqaT, zRvai pontoisa aqaT, sada didi
biWuintisa
sazRvari
miawevs~529.
maSasadame,
afxazeTis
sakaTalikoso
farglavda teritorias Savi zRvidan lixis mTamde, Woroxidan kavkasiis
qedamde. es iyo sruliad dasavleTi saqarTvelo. `lixTa-ameri, odiSi, guria,
afxazeTi~ _ rogorc es Zeglidan Cans.
am droisaTvis, rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, saqarTvelos daSla-danawevrebas,
politikur urCobas, Tan daerTo xalxis zneobrivi dacema. aseT dros
rogorc sasuliero, ise saxelmwifo moRvaweebs esaWiroebodaT msoflio
qristianobis burjTagan Semweoba da daxmareba. amitomac, cxadia, siamovnebiTa
da sixaruliT miiRes antioqiel-ierusalimeli patriarqi, romelmac `mcnebai
sasjuloi~ misca maT. ierusalim-antioqiis avtoriteti xalxs zneobriv
daxmarebas uwevda. `kanonikuri epistoles xasiaTi aqvs im `sasjulTa mcnebas~,
romelic XV saukuneSi miucia afxazeTis sakaTalikososTvis antioqiaierusalimis patriarqs mixeils... mcnebaSi gaTvalisiwinebulia Semdegi
muxlebi: 1. `uxvedri an ukanono qorwineba~... 2. `mruSoba~... 3. `marxvis Sereva~...
4. `uqmeTa darRveva an
axlis SemoReba~... 5. `mRvdelmsaxurTa zneobrivi
Tvisebani da movaleobani~... 6. `adamianis mkvleloba~... 7. `samonastro da
saeklesio
mamulebis
mitaceba~...
8.
`saeklesio
kanonebisa
da
530
samRvdeloebisadmi morCileba~ .
TviTon antioqieli patriarqi `mcnebai sasjuloiSi~ aRniSnul kanonikur
muxlebis CamoTvlas iwyebs mimarTviT mrevlisadmi: `ese qarta-werili
TqvenTvis aRvwere~. im droindeli saqarTvelos sazogadoeba daavadebuli iyo

urCobis seniT. urCoba iyo ZiriTadi mizezi qveyanaSi arsebuli politikurzneobrivi qaosisa. amitomac `qarta-werilis~ muxlebSi, SeiZleba iTqvas,
ZiriTadi yuradReba eTmoba morCilebas. magaliTad, i. doliZis dayofiT, merve
muxli aseTia: `aw Svilno Zmano da mamano gauwyebT da gamcnebT: vinca da
ramanca kacman qristianeman anu didman da anu mcireman patronsa uRalatos,
anu usamarTlod uorgulos, qriste RmerTi da sjuli uaruyvies. egreTve
usamarTloi orguli meoreman nu Seiwynaros~531. sxva mravali muxli eZRvneba
patronis, qveynis, mRvdelmTavrisadmi morCilebas. am mxriv uTuod Tavis
droisaTvis didad sasargeblo kanonikuri xasiaTis Semcvelia gansaxilveli
Zegli, romelic, Cans, drodadro ivseboda an icvleboda kidec. magaliTad,
masSi uqme dRis darRvevadaa miCneuli paraskevs `miwis areva~, `es ukanaskneli
SeniSvna unda iyos Semdegi drois interpretacia, osmalTa zegavleniT
Cadenili~532. aqve `marxvis Serevadaa~ miCeuli `alajoris~ marxvis darRveva,
`alajori~ somxuri eklesiis praqtikaSi miRebuli marxva iyo, amitom misi
moxvedra `mcnebai sasjuloiSi~ gaocebas iwvevs da aRZravs fiqrs, natyuar
anda saxecvlil ZeglTan xom ar gvaqvs saqme? yovel SemTxvevaSi, Zegli erT
raimes ueWvelad gviCvenebs, XV saukunis 70-ian wlebSi qarTul saeklesio
centralizebul erTobas bzari Seepara. antioqiel patriarqs ki amisaTvis
xeli
Seuwyia,
dasavleT
saqarTvelos
eklesias
administraciuli
damoukidebloba moupovebia qarTlis (mcxeTis) sapatriarqosagan. magram
sabolood antioqiel patriarqs miznisaTvis ver miuRwevia. marTalia,
SesaZloa, amis Semdeg dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTolikosis kurTxevaSi
mcxeTeli
patriarqis
neba
Sesustda,
magram
saeklesio-zneobrivi
urTierTdamokidebuleba or qarTul sakaTalikosos Soris ar darRveula.
amas miuTiTebs e.w. `kaTalikosTa samarTali~, romlis SemuSavebaSic
saqarTvelos orive kaTalikosi monawileobda.

caiS-bediis Sekreba
`mcneba sasjulo~
[1470-1474 ww.]
mcneba
ese
sasjulo,
urwmunoTa
momaqceveli
da
morwmuneTa
ganmamtkicebeli da ganmamxnobeli, yovelTa qristianeTaTvis movlenili
zecisa qalaqisa ierusalimisagan da caTa mobaZvisa antioqiisa
[c]is mbadisagan arsTa yovelTa RmrTisa mamisa, Zisa da sulisa wmidisaTa,
romeli Cuenisa xsnisaTvis caTa kamaraTagan ganzraxTa mamisaTa xsnisa
CuenisaTs gardamoxda. da saSo qalwulisa daimkdra da iSva uqcevelad da
ixsnna qmnilni xatad pirisa misisani qalwulisagan uqorwinebulisa iSva da
daiTminna mizezni da yuedreba, kicxeva, basroba, jvarcma da daflva.
guerca laxuriTa mowylulman aRmogcena ukvdaveba, romelsa Suenis
dideba da pativi dausabamoT Tana mamiT, ZiT da suliT wmidiTurT.

[da] viTar ineba da igulsmodgina man, arsebiT miuwdomelman, da

RmrTaebiT mmarTebelman sjulisa qristeanobisagan, da uxrwnelad da ubiwod
mSobelman misman, da madlman zecisa qalaqisa ierusalimisaman da caTa
mobaZvisa antioqiisaman, da movivline
RmrTisa mier me, yovelTa narCevi,
ierusalimisa da antioqiisa patriarqi mixael, moviwie didsa mas qristes
samwysosa, mazebelsa ierusalimisasa, saqarTvelosa.
viTa saTanado ars mefeTa, dadianTa, aTabagTa, erisTavTa, amilaxorTa,
didebulTa, aznaurTa da yovelTa qristes sjulisa mosavTa morwmuneTagan
mokiTxua, ganages mokiTxua sjulisa, saydarTa, monasterTa, omforisa da
kaTalikoz-ebiskoposTa.
da moikiTxes, ZueliT vidre axladmde, RmrTivgrgnosanman bagrat da
didman erisTavTerisTavman dadian-gurielman Samadavla, misTa TavadTa
TanadgomiTa da didad RmrTisagan saTnod gamorCeulisa, pativ sarveiTanisa(?)
RmerT-Semosilisa [caiSel] - bedielisa iovakimisa.
iqmna gamoZieba da mokiTxva guarTa, davTarTa, da iadgarTa, da viTar-igi
pirvelad qarTlisa da afxazeTisa kaTalikozni antioqiisa patriarxTagan
ikur[T]xeodian, da JamTa siZuelisagan da s[o]flisa siverageTagan iyunes
mravalni wesni SeSliT da gardaqceviT, vnaxeT da SevemTxen madlsa, viTarca
meufisa, caiSel-bediel mTavarebiskopozisa iovakimisTa.
nebiTa da SewevniTa RmrTisaTa, da didisa da caTa mobaZavisa
ierusalimisa madliTa, da caTamdis maRlisa kaTolike saydrisa antioqiisa
RmrTismSobelisa meoxebiTa, vakurTxeT kaTalikozi iovakim, marjuena
ierusalimisa, afxazeTisa kaTalikozi da kurTxeulmca aris, davayene[T] da
davsviT afxazeTs, saydarTa maT andria mociqulisaTa, yovelTa qristianeTa
lixT-amersa, odiSisa, guri[i]sa da afxazeTisa. yovelTa urCTa da RmrTisa
ara nebismyofelad myofTaTs momaqc[e]velad vakurTxeT.
da urCqmnil iyunes yovelni, da viTa saTnoebani ugulebels-eyunes
ebiskopozTa da moZRuarTa, mRdelTa da diakonTa, berTa da erTa, didad
eSroma mas, marj[ue]nasa ierusalimisasa, kacsa RmrTisasa iovakims. da
afxazeTi qristeanobisagan sruliad midrekil iyunes, qristes mcnebaTagan
ganSorebul iyunes.
aw gamovnaxeniT Zuelini Sromani wmidaTa nikelTa mamaTagani da, viTarca
[saT]no ars sjuli RmrTisa, egreT morCil eqmeniT saTnod RmrTisagan
gamorCeulsa, viTarca mociqulsa pavles da andrias damorCildiT, ismneT,
moiqeciT da SeinaneT.
da saTno eyveniT RmerTsa mefeni simarTliTa mefobisaTa, siwmidiT,
mowyalebiTa, mSvidobiTa siyuarulisaTa. Tavadni
simarTlesa bWobdiT,
siwmidiT daicveniT Tavni Tquenni, oboln da qurivni SeiwyaleniT, viTarca
itys winaswarmetyueli daviT: `oboli da qurivi Seiwyale da gza codvisa
ara iyos Sen Tana~. da viTarca gamcnos [m]qadagebelTaman wmidaTa
mociqulTaman, egreT ganmxndiT.
da ebiskopozi lixTa amerisa, Woroxsa aqaT, ovseTsa aqaT, zRua pontosa
aqaT, sada didisa biWuintisa samzRvari miawevs, ebiskopozni ama ierusalimisa
marjuenisagan kaTalikozisagan ikurTxeodin, [da miiRebdiT] kurTxevasa; da
qadagebasa missa [ismen]diT; jer-iyveniT da nu urC-eqmnebiT, raTa ikurTxneT
marjuenisagan RmrTisa.

aw mamano, Zmano da Svilno! qristes saflavisa marjuena, lixT-amerisa da

afxazeTisa kaTalikozi iovakim qristeanobis sjulisa mamagrebelad da
damamtkicebelad vakurTxeT, sjulisa da merjuleTa ufros da uxucesad
vakurTxeT me, didisa da caTa mobaZvisa antioqiisa da ierusalimisa
patriarqman mixail.
da ese qarta-werili TquenTs aRvwere.
1. qristes moyuareno, mamano da Zmano, visca qriste RmerTi giyuars da
sjulsa qristeanobissa morCilebT, kaTalikozisagan kurTxevas miiRebdeT. da
vinca guliTa morCiliTa miiRoT kurTxeva kaTalikozisagan da morCil
eqmneT, didisa mis dausabamosa mamisa, Zisa da sulisa da didisa mis
sapatriarqosa, caTa mobaZavi ierusalimisa da antioqiisa madliTa kurTxeul
iyveniT ama sofelsa xorciTa da saukunosa _ suliTa; da maT sjulisa
damamtkicebelTa
SdTa
krebaTa
madliTa,
da
oTxTa
mqadagebelTa
maxarebelTa madliTa, suliTa da xorciTa TaviTa da SvilTa SviliTi
Svilamde, vidre ukunisamde amin iyavn.
2. vinca sjulisa msajulisa qristessa da qadagebulsa mona[Ta mi]sTasa
urC eqmnaT, kurTxevisa wil movidis Tquenda wyeva igi sodomisa da gomorisa;
iyavn danTqma daTan da abironisi; segrs (sic) numc Seeswrebi dawvasa; zari
daeces Tquen zeda guelbos (sic) maTaebr; iyveniT wyeul, SeCuenebul caTa
Sina, queyanasa zeda; krul Tquen da sacxovari Tqueni, saxli, yana, venaxi;
sayofelTa TquenTa numca ipoebis mkdri; ca risxviT, queyana mwuxarebiT
TquenTs, romelTa ara irwmunoT sityua qartad dawerili ese; daiwyeos
nayofi Tqueni, viTarca unayofo igi leR; SeiCueneniT viTarca simon mog,
viTarca arioz, romelman ganxia kuarTi uflisa ivisi; da wyeul viTarca
makedonis sulisa wmidisa mgmobari, da evTibios da apolonios.
3. da vinca saydarTa, monasterTa da eklesiaTa mamcrobelni da meuhveni
iyvneT da kaTalikozisa brZanebasa urC eqmnaT, viTarca-igi pirvelni
xelmwifebani zeciT gardamoiTxines da RmrTisa risxTa quesknels
STaiyarnes, nawili maTi iyos maT Tana; iqmnebismca nawilad maTda bneli
gareskneli, matli uZili, cecxli uSreti, RrWena kbilTa, tirili,
unugeSinicemo; sada ars bneli gareskneli aris-mca samkdrebelad maTda
gamouxsnelad suliTa da xorciTa ukuniTi ukunisamde, amin.
4. anu mefeTa, anu mTavarTa, anu aznaurTa, anu aznauris SvilTa, anu
msaxurTa, anu glexTa, anu mTavardiakonTa, anu diak[o]nTa, anu saxareba
diakonTa, anu kerZo diakonTa, anu moxeleTa, anu xelis mqonebelTa, anu
didTa, anu mcireTa yovelive urCqmnili wyeul, SeCuenebulmca aris suliTa
da xorciTa.
5. morCilni sjulisani da Tanamdgomni sarwmunoebisani kurTxeul iyavn
ukunisamde.
6. Zmano da mamano amisTs gamcneb da gauwyeb, raTa romeli juars-ecua,
daeufla, aR[s]dga, igi mxolo ufali ieso qriste SeiyuaroT yovliTa
guliTa TqueniTa, romelman sisxliTa TsiTa moiy[i]da adam, naTesaviTurT
misiT; da ganhbrwyindeT viTarca mze, naTliTa qristesiTa; saukunod sufevde
winaSe RmrTisa; ese sofeli warmaval ars da saukuno waruval.
aw yovelTa SeiyuareT qristes sjuli da qristeman Tquen Segiyuarnes
yovelni. moiqeciT brZanebasa da qadagebulsa qristes marjuenis, lixTa
amerisa RmrTisa meorisa mociqulis pavles Tanamosagris iovakimisi.

7. da vinaiTgan igulsmodgina RmerTman, da jer-iCina Cuenisa xsnisaTs da

sjulisa qristeanobisa damkdrebisTs da damtkicebisaTs, RmrTisa
brZanebiTa Cuen, didisa caTa mobaZavisa saydrisa antioqiisa da ierusalimisa
patriarqman mixail, nebiTa RmrTisaTa, viTarca ufalman Cuenman ieso
qristeman andrias mociqulsa TTa saufloTa xeliTa Semosa Tsi sameufo
bisoni, da akurTxa, aw Semdgomad missa vakurTxeT kaTalikozi iovakim da
sjulisa da merjuleTa Tavad da uxucesad dagmtkicebies.
da aRiwera qarta ese Cem mier.
aw Svilno, Zmano da mamano! gauwyebT da gamcnebT:
8. vinca da ramanca kacman qristianeman, anu didman da anu mcireman,
patronsa uRalatos, anu usamarTlod uorgulos, qriste RmerTi da sjuli
uaruyofies; egreTve usamarTlo orguli meoreman nu Seiwynaros.
9. vinca da romelman sjulisa da kaTalikozisa urCad uxuedri coli
SeirTos, anu svina, anu meyvisi, anu rZali, anu biZis coli, anu xucis colsa
codos, anu diakonisa colsa Tana codos, anu mTavar-diakvanisa colsa Tana
codos, anu swavlulisa kacisa colsa Tana codos da Seginebulsa sawolsa
zeda daawnos, amaT yovelTa usjuloebaTa moqmedi krul, wyeul da
SeCuenebulmca ars suliTa da xorciTa, amin.
10. da Tu ar RmrTisa uarismyofelni xarT, mekobresa xucessa moarCobdiT.
11. vinca anu dedis-nacualsa, anu dedobilsa Tana codos, wyeul, krul da
SeCuenebulmca aw da ukunisamde.
12. vinca Zma moklas, qriste RmerTi uaruyofies da nawili maTi aRixocnen
ukunisamde.
13. anu Tvisi da anu sxua moklas, krul, wyeul da SeCuenebulmca ars.
14. da romelmanca ikadros mociqulTa marxvaTa oTxSabaT-paraskevTa,
romelica xsnili ar iyos da Serios, anu micvalebisa marxva, martvilTa kide
vin Wkuianman Serios wueliTa anu xorciTa xsnilTagan kide, krulmca ars
caTa Sina da queyanasa zeda.
15. da romelmanca weliwadTa Sina romelnic uqmni ganuwesebies wmidaTa
krebaTa da ara isminos da TsiTa nebiTa uqmobdes, wyeulimca ars wmdaTa
krebaTagan.
16. vinca Seundoblad dabeWdili kaTalikozisgan da qorebiskopozisagan
eklesia gaxsnas, Seundoblad krul, wyeul da SeCuenebulmca ars maTi xucesi
da eri maTi.
17. romelmanca wmidaTa krebaTgan ganaCeni da ganawesi sjuli magrad ara
daiWiros da Secodeba dauwyos, RmerTman wyeviT miagos saqmeTa maTaebr;
wyeulimca ars sjulisa uarismyofelTa Tana.
18. vinca sjulisa Semcode patronman ar misces ebiskopossa da
qorebiskopozsa sasjulod ar mianebos da sasjulod mosakiTxavad sofeli
ar daanebos, da Zali ar misces, ima soflisa codva man gardaiados da
Seundobelmca ars.
19. vinca ama mcnebaTa ar dasjerdeT da kaTalikozsa da qristes sjulsa
urC-eqmnaT, krul, wyeul da SeCuenebul iyaviT RmrTisa dausabamosa
madliTa, mamisa, Zisa da sulisa wmidisa madliTa, ierusalimisa madliTa,
antioqiis madliTa, amin, TaviTa, SviliTa, vidre SviliT Svilamde.
20. dammamtkicebelni da sjulisa mamagrebelni, da ieso qristes erTgulni,
ebiskoposTa, moZRvarTa, mRdelTa da monazonTa pativiscemelni da rjulisa

mamagrebelni, obolTa da qurivTa, glaxakTa da davrdomilTa mowyaleni da

Semweni da Semwynarebelni kurTxeulmca arian caTa Sina da queyanasa zeda,
suliTa da xorcTa TaviTa da SviliTa, vidre ukunisamde, RmrTisa
dausabamosa piriTa, amin.
21. da amasca gamcneb da gauwyebT Svilno da Zmano Cemno: vinaTgan RmrTismoyuareni, da erTgulni, RmrTisa marTlmadidebel[n]i, da ZrwoliT da SiSiT
Tayuanismcemelni
WeSmaritad
da
marTlmadideblobiT
aRiarebT
da
TayuanisscemT saxelsa mis mosamarTlisa gare Semouwerelsa [da] tkbilsa da
mraval-mowyalesa RmerTsa dausabamosa, mamasa, Zesa da wmidasa [sulsa], nu
Tana-mzraxvel eqmnebiT ama ukanasknelisa sicrueTa da siverageTa, aramed
morCil eqmneniT brZanebasa RmrTisasa.
22. viTarca andria mociqulman urwmunoni sarwmunoebad moaqcina da
sjulsa da sarwmunoebasa zeda daamtkica, mas Jamsa odes qristeman RmerTman
Cuenman xsnisa Cuenisa da moqcevisaTs moavlina TsiTa sameufoTa
Sesamosli[Ta],
porfir-bison-oqrovaniTa,
samosliTa
el[variT]a
da
SuqmiuaCrdilebeliTa Semosa da, saxed da [sa]muqfod mociqul, naTlisa
maxarobelad kaTalikozad daayena, rameTu misisa brZanebisa qadagebiTa
moiqces Temni, qalaqni da queyanani ese CrdiloeTisani, vidre nino qarT[lisa]
dedaman moaqcina qarTli, misTa samzRvarTa aqaT wmidaman an[dria mociqulman]
naTliTa miuCrdilebeliTa gananaTln[a da ganas]unnela yovelni morCilni
sjulisani.
aw, msgavsad missa, vakurTxeT da davamtkiceT sjulisa Tavad kaTalikozi
iovakim, [viTarca] qriste RmerTi Tavi ars eklesiaTa.
23. aw, Svilno, Zmano da mamano Cem[no] mo]rCil eqmeniT mwyemsisa mis
saxieris nacvlad [RmrTisa mier] movlenilsa, raTa marad pirmetyuel[ad
samwysod gam[o]sCndeT, da SeikribneT baksa zecisa [arvi]zsasa, da ara iqmneT
[Se]saWmel mgelTa mZn[vareTa], da ara SegemTxos gan[sacde]li, viTarca-igi
maSin, romelni u[rC eq]mnnes andria mociqulsa, [romelmanca mouv]lina
RmrTisagan mrisx[ane] angelozi da Secvalna [yovelTav]e maT urCTa saxli
s[ac]xovari, kaciTgan mipirutyuamde, vidre moiqceodes.
da Semdgomad sarwmu[noebad] moyuanebisa maT[Ta mo]avlina RmerTman
angelozi [mSvidob]iTa da wyalobiTa, [da yoveli] naTesavi kacTa naTl[iTa
gamouTqmeliTa
a]Rivso,
saxlni
d[a
sayofe]lni
maTni,
keTiliTa
mo[uk]lebeliTa. sacxovarn[i simravliTa aR]ivsnes da saukune keTilad
[w]ar[e]marTnes, naTliTa aRs[a]v[se]d.
24. aw Tquenca gulsm[odgine]biTa, simSdiT[a da krZaluleb]iTa gulsmodginebiT[a aRmsrulebe]l eqmeniT b[Zanebasa] RmrTisasa da RmrTisa
mociqul[isa] meor[is]a, aw, axl[isa ierusalim]isa mamag[rebe] lsa da qristes
safl[avisa, da sruliad] lixTa ameris[a da afx]azeTisa kaTalikozs iova]kims.
25. da yovelTa Sendoba [da wirv]a mi[i]ReT, raTa aqaca [kurTxeul] iyvneT
da saukunesca [kurT]xeul giwodos ufalman Cuenman ieso qristeman, dResa mas
gankiTxvisa da zaris asaxdel[sa, raTa] gamosCnde Zed naTlisad da
gangaZliern[es Tque]n sarwmunoebasa amas da [mtki]cesa zeda mazebel[isa],
aRmasrulebelni da da[m]amtkicebelni, [raTa ara mi]gigos Tualuxavman man,
dResa mas didsa zaris asaxdelsa, viTarmed warvediT[T Ce]mgan wyeulno
bnelsa [ga]resknelsa da cecxl[sa] uSretsa wyudiadi[sasa]; aramed daiceviT
ese mcneba.

26. [da romelman a]ra irwmunos da [ar]a gulsmodgined daicva[s] mcneba ese,
iyos wyeul da SeCuenebul mamisagan, Zisagan da sulisa wmidisagan, viTarca
zemoT weril ars, amin meameneTa, da iyavn wmidaTa angelozTa [mier]
ukunusamde da ukuniTi ukunisamde.
27. aw kualad ismineT ebiskopozTa [da qor]ebiskopozTa viTarca wmidTa
krebaTa ganaCines, [egreT] uTnevarad dadegiT, nu vis aTnev, samwyso Seni
swavliT da magrad daiWireT, raTa meored mosvlvasa TquenTgan ar iTxoos
sitys migeba.
28. egr[eTve moZ]RuarTa: wesierebiT, qristes siyuaruliTa Tquen, [sam]wysod
m[o]wafiT[u]rT, SeiyuareT sjuli qristesi da Tavi Tsi dadev cxovarTa
TsTaTs, viTarca mwyemsman saxierman, raTa ara yovelTa codva xelTagan
SenTa iZios, da ukanasknelTa maT Zrwola da aRmofSnvasa da daisajo.
29. mRdelTa: marTalTa nebis-myofelad nu cru-winaswarmetyuel, [aramed]
daicevi Tavi Seni siZvisagan, tacebisagan, sixarbisagan, didis sicilisagan,
mTuralobisagan da gardarevisagan, romeli ara jer-ars moweseTagan.
30. miec ersa umecarsa marxva, raca wmidaTa krebaTa gaaCines marxvad,
miec mtkiced da gautexelad uqmi uqmad, viTa sweria gaCeniT saeklesioTa
davTarTa Sigan.
31. da romelmanca ebiskopozman, gina qorebiskopozman, anu moZRuarman, gina
xucesman ara guliTa marTliTa daicvas mcneba ese da ersa ara uqadagos
sarwmunoeba da kaT[a]likozisa brZanebasa zeda momWirned da ZalmicemiT ar
idges, krul wyeul da SeCuebulmca ars aw da ukunisamde; krulmca ars
RmrTisa dausabamosagan T[a]viTa, SviliTa da yovliTa misiTa, raodenica ra
ars sofliTgan saukunodmde ukunisamde.
32. da ukeTu vinca mefeTa, TavadTa, aznaurTa da aznaurisSvilTa,
moxeleTa, mouravTa, xelisufalTa, didTa da mcireTa, mdidarTa da glaxakTa,
yovelTa, [romelTa] ese mcneba, RmrTisa mier wmidaTa krebaTagan ganaCeni,
qrists RmrTisa mier marTlmadidebelTa sasurveli simtkice da sawadeli, da
mwvalebelTaTs sakdemeli sjuli ara aRiaros, ara irwmunos, da mtkiced ar
gulsmodginos, da magrad ar ipyras, da sxuaTaca ar uqadagos, krul, wyeul
da SeCuenebulmca ars risxTa RmrTisa dausabamosa mamisa, Zisa da wmidisa
sulisaTa.
33. romeli xucesi cudad zRaprobdes, anu cudad metyuelebdes, anu wessa
aklebdes samwysoTa sofelTa da queyanaTa, da misisa samrevlosa codva
kaTaliko[z]sa da qorebiskopo[z]sa ar gamoucxados, anu natacebsa col-qmarTa
grgni ukurTxos, anu iparos, anu uxvedrTa col-qmrTa Sendoba misces, anu
misTa samrevloTa marxsa reva uqmisa reva Seundos da raca mRdelobisa
saqme SecodebiT daiWiros, _ wirvisagan aRixocos da wirva misi Seuwiravi
iyos, sadamdis kaTalikozisa moxsenebiTa da gagonebiTa ar ganikanonos.
34. egreTve, vinca da ramanca kacman monasterTa da saydarTa mamuli
moigos, iurvos, anu vin mouravad da mosaqmed Semovides,_krul, wyeul da
SeCuenebu[l] RmrTis dausabamosa piriTa, SdTa krebaTa madliTa; numca
ixssnebis suliTa jojoxeTisagan, nuca wirviTa, nuca glaxakTa micemiTa, nuca
ierusalims warslviTa, itanjebodes gamouxsnelad ukunisamde.
35. vinca uxuedri coli SeirTos, anu svinasa, anu meyvissa Se[e]xos, anu
Zmis colsa, anu SeirTos, anu biZis coli SeirTos, anu ra ginda uxuedri

coli SeirTos kaTalikozisa a[R]uareblad, qristes uarismyofelTa Tanamca

ars nawili misi, aw da ukuniTi ukunisamde, amin.
36. vinca uqmTa weliwadissa da SabaTsa, cxra JamiTgan orSabaTsa
ganTenebadmde, scodebdes, da paraskevsa miwas revdes, da wmidaTa krebaTagan
ganaCeni uqmni dReni krZalviT da magrad ar Seinaxnes, misTs ganwesebul ars
risxua RmrTisa, matli uZili, cecxli uSreti, RrWena kbilTa, mrisxaneni
angelozni mas zeda; da ara aqus naSromsa missa baraqa; nayofi misi misTs
urgeb.
37. kualad vinca Sescodos wmidaTa marxuaTa da xelyos Secodeba, gina
oTxSabaT-paraskevTa, gina qristes Sobis marxuaTa, anu RmrTis-mSoblisa
micvalebisa marxuaTa, vin ginda Sescodos, gina petres da pavles, romel ars
petre-pavlobis marxva, martlTa reguenTa kide;
38. da vin uxuedri coli SeirTos Seundobeli da kaTalikozisa
brZanebiTa ar gaeyaros da urCad daudges, gina sasjulosa saqmesa zeda Zali
ar misces, da usjuloTa Semwe eqmnas, gina meyvisobisaTs, gina qrTamisaTs
anu SexvewisaTs;
anu marxua[sa] revdes, raca wmidaTa krebaTa ga[a]Cines amas zeda, magrad
ar imarxvides marTlad, anu uqmTa revdes, anu marTlad ar Seinaxos da
wmidaTa krebaTgan gaCenili Seuracxyos, da kaTalikozisa brZanebasa ara
morCilebdes;
gina monasterTa damcrobasa moiWirvos TavisTs gina sxuaTaTs iurvos,
anu sxuaTa uurvos, anu mterobisaTs, anu meorisa moyurobisaTs, gina
qrTamisa aRebisaTvis ra ginda ra gamoaxos gina glexi mosaxle gina
saWurWle, gina kaci, gina jogi, gina didi, gina cota, da ar miRma
Sematebdes;
kaTalikozisa sityuasa da brZanebasa ar damorCildeT, da ese, cneba ara
daicvad, da ara guliTa wmidiTa aRiaroT da ZalmicemiT ar daiWirvoT da
ara irwmunoT, _ gina mefeTa, gina TavadTa, gina didebulTa, gina aznaurTa,
gina ebiskoposTa, gina qorebiskopozTa gina moZRuarTa, gina mRdelTa, gina
diakonTa, gina msaxurTa, gina glexTa, gina mamaTa, gina dedaTa, gina didTa,
gina mcireTa, vin ginda vin es mcneba ar irwmunoT, da kaTalikozsa ar
damorCil eqmnas, da viTa ese aRwerili mogviTxrobs marxvaTa ganaCensa da
esreT ara imarxos;
39. weliwadTa Sina oTxSabaT-paraskevi esreT ganixsnebis: yovelTa
oTxSabaT-paraskevTa, viTarca didTa marxv[a]Ta, jer-ars marxva, ukeTu
sauflo dResaswauli ara daxudes, anu saCinoTa wmidaTa, romelsa taZarsa
Sina Sekrebulni erni dResaswauloben; qristes Soba msgefsamde xsnili ars;
migegeba xsnili ars; zadikTa ganzogeba xsnil ars; amaRlebisa wina dRe
xsnili ars, oTxSabaT-paraskevi ara; axal kriake xsnili ars msgefs[a]mde;
sulis wmidisa moslvisa msgefsamde xsnili ars; alajorT kviriake da
yuelierisa kviriake xsnili ars monozonTaTs da eriskacTaTs.
amaT gareT oTxSabaT-paraskevi ara ganixsnebis. da romelman ganxsnas,
saSineli satanjuelni ganmzadebul arian maTTs RmrTisagan, da kanonsa
queSe iqmnebian uziarebelni, da eklesias ar SeiSvebis viTarca urCi RmrTisa.
egreTve wmidisa giorgisi Tavadi dResaswauli aprilsa ocdasamsa maTTs
xsnili ars, vin eklesias mividen. vin ar mivides, ver ganxsnis noenbersa i.

da uqmni, werilsa Sina, viTarca saeklesioTa wignTa krebaTgan ganCenilman

amcnos, egreT.
40. da vin ori coli erTad SeirTos, gina deda-Svili mama-SvilTa
SeirTos, gina ori dani orTa ZmaTa SeirTon, anu vis coli moukudes, colisa
asuli SeirTos, anu vin colisa deda, romel ars sidedri, SeirTos, anu
meysi SeirTos, anu vin coli uxuedri SeirTos, anu vin rZali SeirTos, gina
Se[e]xos, gina dobili anu dedobili SeirTos, didman gina mcireman, gina
xucesi, bilwi iyos da Seaginos xorcni Tsni sxuasa diacsa Tana, gina
mxevali isvas da Jamis-wirvad ikadros,_
vin ese mcnebani da swavlani, sasuliero da saxorcielo, yovliTa
gulsmodginebiTa da guliTa uyalboTa da utyuvariTa ara aRiaros, ar
daicvas da ara Seinaxos, da urC eqmnas ama swavlasa wmidaTa krebaTagan
ganaCensa da damtkicebulsa, da kaTalikozsa urC-eqmnas: mefeni, gina Tavadni,
aznaurni, gina aznaurisSvilni, msaxurni, gina glexni, ebiskopozni, gina
qorebiskopozni,
moZRuarni,
gina
mRdelni,
gina
diakon[n]i,
moxeleni
xelisufalni,
didni
gina
mcireni,
yovelni
urCqmnilni
wyeul
da
SeCuenebulmca arian RmrTisa dausabamosa piriTa, romelman Seqmna saukuneni;
krulmca ars samkdrebeli maTi, suli da xorci misi; krul, wyeul da
SeCuenebulmca ars saxli samyofi misi;
krul, wyeul da SeCuenebulmca ars patiosnisa da cxovelsmyofelisa
juarisagan, romelsa zeda ganipyrna uxrwnelni xelni Tsni xsnisaTs
Cuenisa qristeman RmerTman Cuenman;
wyeulmca ars wmidaTa zecisa ZalTagan; wyeulmca ars wmidisa iovane
naTlis-mcemelisgan; krul, wyeulmca ars wmidaTa da yovladqebulTa
mociqulTagan; krulmca ars SvidTa krebaTgan;
wyeulmca ars yovelTa RmrTisa wmidaTagan, romelni saukuniTgan saTnoeyunes ufalsa Cuensa ieso qristesa, da awca saTno yofad arian.
41.
ama
mcnebaTa
urCqmnilni
da
Seuracxis-myofelni
krul
da
SeCuenebulmca arian caTa da queyanisagan, xorciTa da suliTa, TviTa da
coliTa, SviliTa da Svilis SviliTa, misiTa erdguliTa;
arismca misTs ese sofeli mokle da usargeblo; arismca coli misi
quriv da mwuxare, Svilni misni obol, Seryeul da dacvivnebul, viTarca
marTueni yornisani; unayofomca ars yana, saTesvi ara ars Teslisa
gamomRebel, mamuli misi unayofomca da nu Seikrebs misgan nayofsa;
wyeulimca aris misi cxeni, zroxa da yoveli sacxovari; numca epoebis
saxlisa misisagan sanugeSinismcemo.
krulmca ars Tavi misi mxarTa misTa zeda; krulmca ars, mxarni misni
welTa misTa zeda; krulmca ars welni misni TeZoTa misTa zeda; krulmca ars
TeZoni wylTa misTa zeda; krulmca ars wylni misni muxlTa misTa zeda;
krulmca ars muxlni misni koWTa misTa zeda: krulmca ars koWni misni
ferxTa misTa zeda; krulia ferxi misi miwaTa, adgilTa da samyofTa zeda;
krul ars igi adgili misTs, sada dadgen ferxni misni; krul ars Tualni
misni saxedvelad da mxedvelad; krulmca ars piri misi purisa mWamelad, ena
metyuelad, xelni saqnelad, ferxni savlelad, guli saqmisa gasagoneblad;
krulmca ars igi da misi gasagis[i], misi gasagebeli sxvaman miiRos; kruli
ars misi sicocxle, kruli ars misi sik[u]dili; krul ars misi saflavi, sada
daeflvis.

numca ixsnebis suliTa da xorciTa, TaviTa da coliTa da SviliTa da

yovliTa misiTa gasagebeliTa; numca ixsnebis wirviTa ebiskoposTa da
mRvdelTaTa;
numca
ixsnebis
ierusalems
waslviTa,
nuca
locviTa
molozonTaTa, nuca glaxakTa micemiTa, nuca mSierTa ganZRomiTa; ara ra
quelis saqme ergos mas; yovelivemca usargeblo ars misTs.
42. vinca ese mcneba da swavla ara aRiaros, ara irwmunos da ara
WeSmaritebiT aRasrulos, iyos nawilad misad, sad ars tanjviT samyofi,
qristes uarismyofelTa, bneli wyudiadi, ganunaTlebeli, vaebiT aRsavse,
cecxli uSreti, matli uZili, tartarozi, glova unugeSiniscemo, da
RrWena kbilTa, nisli wyudiadi, saburveli TualTa myofTa fskerTa
jojoxeTisaTa; numca ars xsna da gamoxsna maT mier vidre ukuniTi
ukunisamde, amin, amin, amin.
43. qristianeni marTlmadidebelni, rjulisa mamtkicebelni RmerTman
akurTxnes.
beWedi: biWvintisa RuTis-mSoblisa saWeT-mpyrobeli k zi533.
5. biWvinTis saeklesio krebis (1543-1549)
`kaTalikosTa samarTali~
Cveni didi mematiane batoniSvili vaxuSti wers XVI s-is bolosa da XVII
s-is dasawyisSi Seqmnili viTarebis Sesaxeb: `JamTa amaT Sina iqmna ganteveba
colTa, kvla kacTa da idumal tyvis yidva da ujeroni sjulsa zeda
mravalni imereTsa Sina. amisaTvis Sekrbnen qarTlisa kaTalikosi malaqia,
afxazTa kaTalikosi evdemon da yovelni episkoposni imereT-odiSisani. xolo
episkoposni eseni iyvnen: quTaTeli svimon, genaTeli antoni, Wyondideli,
bedieli,
moqveli, drandeli filipe, cagereli kozman, xoneli zaqaria,
nikorwmindeli ioakim, CaiSeli kvirile, amaT ganaCines moqmedTa maTTvis
jerovani Serisxvani, dawernes da SeaCvenes moqmedni misni, viTarca gauwyebs
aRwerili maTi~534.
marTlac, Cvenamde moRweulia qarTuli saeklesio samarTlis Zegli,
cnobili `kaTalikosTa samarTlis~ saxeliT, romelSic gadmocemulia XVI
saukuneSi Semdgari saeklesio krebis dadgenileba: `samarTali kaTalikosTa.
q. saxeliTa RvTisaTa me, qristes mier kurTxeulman yovlisa saqarTvelosa
patriarqman malaqia, me, qristes mier kurTxeulman afxazeTis kaTalikosman
mamaT-mTavarman evdemon, davsxediT da SevkribeniT yovelni episkoposni
afxazeTisani. da didi siymili movida codvaTa CvenTagan, mravalni uwesoba
da ujero saqme Semovida: kacis kvla, kacis syidva, eklesiis krexva da
uxvedroba. davideviT sjulis kanoni da Cvenica imisagan gamoviReT da raca
imisagan ar gamoviReviT, Cven Cveni magieri ara Segvimatebia ra. da sjulis
kanonica asre brZanebs~535.
am dadgenilebaSi sjulis samarTlis muxlebi damtkicebulia saeklesio
krebis mier. krebam daloca yoveli aRmsrulebeli am kanonebisa: `vinc es
mociqulTa da wmidaTa krebaTagan ganwesebuli da Cven mier damtkicebuli
sjuli da wigni gaaTaos kurTxeva RvTisa, ubiwod mSobelisa misisa da
wmidaTa krebulTagan da wmidaTa mociqulTa da yovlad wmidaTagan...~536.

krebam iqve dakrula araRmsrulebeli krebis dadgenilebebisa: `vinca am

wmida krebaTa mociqulTagan ganwesebuli da Cven mier damtkicebuli ar
Seiwynaros da kaTolikes saydarzed dasmulsa winaaRudges da Cveni mcneba ar
daimarxos, krulmca aris caTa Sina da qveyanasa zeda wmidaTa krebulTagan,
wmidaTa mociqulTagan da yovelTa wmidaTagan~537.
kaTalikosTa samarTali, rogorc es Zeglis Sesavalidanac Cans,
Sedgenilia ara erTi kaTalikosis, aramed sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikospatriarqisa da afxazeTis kaTalikosis mier, aseve damtkiceba biWvinTis
iadgarisa, romelic `kaTalikosTa samarTlis~ damatebad miiCneva, evaleboda
qarTlis kaTalikoss afxazeTis kaTalikosTan erTad, aqedan Cans, rom
qarTuli eklesia miuxedavad urTulesi politikuri viTarebisa XVI-XVIII
saukuneebSi, sulierad mTliani iyo. antioqieli patriarqis mixeilisa da
sxvaTa mcdelobas, gaeyoT saqarTvelos eklesia, mosalodneli Sedegi ar
mohyolia. kvlavindeburad mcxeTeli patriarqis avtoriteti dasavleT
saqarTveloSi maRalia, rasac miuTiTebs Cvengan ganxiluli krebis mier
gamocemuli dokumenti. Tumca isic unda aRiniSnos, rom meTeqvsmete saukunis
dasawyisidan
dasavleT
saqarTvelos
kaTalikosebi
ukve
iTavisebdnen
patriarqis tituls. iqamde, rogorc cnobilia, saqarTveloSi kaTalikospatriarqi mxolod erTi iyo, rezidenciiT mcxeTaSi. XVI saukunis Semdeg,
saqarTvelos politikur daqucmacebulobas Tavisi asaxva mohyva saeklesio
cxovrebaSic. cnobilia, rom daSlis Semdeg, qarTlis, kaxeTis, imereTis
mefeebi TavianT Tavs `sruliad saqarTvelos mefeebs~ uwodebdnen (garkveul
dromde). amiT isini mianiSnebdnen, rom ar cnobdnen saqarTvelos saxelmwifos
daSlas, cdilobdnen mis gaerTianebas piradi meTaurobiT. msgavsadve,
dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikosebi patriarqis tituliT TavianT Tavs
sruliad saqarTvelos uzenaes sulier pirvel ierarqad miiCnevdnen, rogorc
es afxazeTis kaTalikos grigol lorTqifaniZis biWvinTisadmi miZRvnil
Sewirulebis wignis damamtkicebeli beWdis warweridan Cans: `grigol mwyemsi
qristesmier yovlisa saqarTvelos kaTalikozi~ (1712 w.). igive kaTalikosi
biWvinTisadmi sxva Sewirulobis wignSi Tavis Tavs `CrdiloeTisa da
afxazeTis kaTalikozs~ uwodebs538. cnobilia, rom ZvelqarTul saistorio
geografiaSi termini `CrdiloeTi~ da termini `saqarTvelo~ identuri
terminebi iyo. `CrdiloeTs~ (zogjer `aRmosavleTs~) saqarTvelos uwodebdnen.
patriarqis titulis miniWebiT, Cans, dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikoss
sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiis kanonier mamamTavrad warmoaCendnen, iseve,
rogorc
vTqvaT,
imereTis
mefeebi
sruliad
saqarTvelos
mefeebad
warmoaCendnen TavianT Tavs. imereTis mefe bagrati 1545 wlis sigelSi Tavis
Tavs `mefeTamefes~ uwodebs da `lixT-amerisa da lixT-imeris~ cixisTavebs
ubrZanebs, daamtkicon mis mier gacemuli sigeli539. `mefeTa-mefis~ titulis
miniWebiT imereTis mefeebi TavinT Tavs warmoadgendnen sruliad saqarTvelos
kanonier mefeebad, aseTive politikuri Sinaarsi edo dasavleT saqarTvelos
kaTalikosTa
mier
patriarqis
titulis
miniWebas.
SemdgomSi,
maT
titulaturaSi bolomde rCeba es wodeba. magram mainc qarTlis kaTalikosebi
uzenaes sasuliero avtoritetebad da upirveles mamtkicebel rjulmdeblebad
miiCneodnen dasavleT saqarTveloSic. magaliTad, biWvinTis iadgarSi,
romelsac xeli moaweres da TandaTanobiT daamtkices dasavleT saqarTvelos
(afxazeTis) kaTalikosebma: malaqia abaSiZem (1529-1532), evdemon CxetiZem (1543-

1575), efTvimi I sayvareliZem (1578-1605), malaqia II gurielma (1605-1639), maqsime I

maWutaZem (1628-1647), zaqaria qvarianma (1657-1659), svimon I CxetiZem (1659-1666),
daviT nemsaZem (1667-1682), nabrZanebia imis Sesaxeb, rom, rogorc aRiniSna, es
dokumenti unda daamtkicos qarTlis kaTalikosmac: `da Tqven wmidano mefeno,
mRvdelT-mTavarno, afxazeTisa da qarTlis kaTalikosno, Tqvenca asreT
daumtkiceT~540.
Tumca
zogierTi
ucxouri
wyaro
`qvemo
iberiis
arqiepiskoposs~ (ase uwodeben isini afxazeTis kaTalikoss) ufros, uxuces
pirvelierarqad miiCnevs `zemo iberiis arqiepiskoposTan~ SedarebiT.
biWvinTis saeklesio krebis mier gamocemuli `kaTalikosTa samarTlis~
kanonTa teqsti i. doliZis dayofiT Seicavs 23 muxls, dalagebulia
garkveuli TanamimdevrobiT: pirveli muxli kacis yidva-gayidvas exeba, me-2-6
muxlebi eklesiis gatexas, qurdobasa da kacis kvlas, me-7-15 muxlebi
episkoposis mier da episkoposis winaaRmdeg Cadenil danaSauls, me-16 muxli _
mefis Ralats, me-17-18 muxlebi _ kaTalikosisa da episkoposis Seuracxyofas
da uRirsi mRvdlis kurTxevas, me-19 muxli _ saqmis mrudad gamoZiebasa da
damnaSavis gasamarTlebas, me-20 muxli saeklesio mamulebis datacebas, 21-e
muxli _ sjuldebis Sesrulebas, 22-e muxli _ rZlis SerTvas da ukanaskneli
23-e muxli _ colis ubralod dagdebas~541.
prof. i. doliZe aRniSnavs _ `kaTalikosTa samarTlis~ mTavari wyaro
aris, rogorc es samarTlis wignis Sesavlidan Cans, `sjulis kanoni~... akad. k.
kekeliZem gamoikvlia, rom kaTalikosTa kanonebi damyarebulia ~didi sjulis
kanonze~ da ara eqvTime mTawmindelis mier naTargmn `mcire sjulis kanonze~...
`kaTalikozTa samarTali~ ar warmoadgens sjulis kanonis ubralo
gamokrebas. igi qarTuli saeklesio samarTlis originaluri Zeglia, romlis
dadgenilebani qveynis maSindeli yofa-cxovrebis sinamdviles asaxaven~542.
kaTalikosTa samarTali mTel saqarTveloSi moqmedi sjuli iyo. masSi
araa aRniSnuli saeklesio krebis mowvevis adgili. T. Jordanias azriT,
romelic amJamad aRiarebulia, `kaTalikozTa kanonebi~ dawerilia XVI
saukunis pirvel naxevarSi. masSi moxseniebuli imerTa kaTalikosi evdemoz
unda iyos evdemos I (1549-1579) da ara evdemos II (1666-1669). `kaTalikosTa
samarTlis~
xelrTvaSi
aRniSnuli
quTaTeli
mitropoliti
svimoni
aRsaydrebula 1529 wels, igi ukurTxebiaT biWvinTis taZarSi543. krebis xelis
momweri caiSeli (CiSeli) episkoposi kvirile moRvaweobda leon dadianis
dros (1533-1571), misi gvari yofila JvaniZe544. k. kekeliZis azriT, kreba
Catarebula 1543-1549 wlebSi545. pirveli TariRi (1543 w.) afxazeTis
kaTalikosis evdemon I CxetiZis aRzevebis welia, xolo meore (1549) qarTlis
kaTalikosis malaqias gardacvalebisa. `amrigad, kaTalikosTa samarTali
Sedgenilia XVI saukunis 40-ian wlebSi imereTis mefis bagratis dros (15101565)546.
maSasadame, kaTalikosTa samarTali Sedgenilia im dros, rodesac
afxazeTis (imereTis) kaTalikosTa taxti idga biWvinTaSi, ufro gvian (1657 w.)
taxti Crdilokavkasiel (afsar-abaz-Cerqez) tomTa Semosevebisa da osmalTa
mZlavrobis gamo gadatanil iqna gelaTSi. maSasadame, Tu zemoaRniSnul
krebis
mowvevis
TariRs
daveTanxmebiT,
kreba
Catarda
biWvinTaSi,
sakaTalikoso centrSi, magram arsebobs sxva Tvalsazrisic. vaxuSti
batoniSvils aRniSnuli kreba XVII s-Si Catarebulad miaCnda (daaxl. 1605 w.).

Cven veTanxmebiT pirvel daTariRebas, radgan Zeglidanac Cans, rom krebis

mowvevis droisaTvis `kacis syidvas~ jer kidev ar hqonia farTo, Ria,
daufaravi xasiaTi miRebuli, jer igi ar yofila gadaqceuli `tyveTa
syidvad~, romelsac XVII saukuneSi ukve daufaravad misdevdnen. vaxuStis da
sxva mematianeebs miaCndaT, rom tyveTa syidvam CvenSi daufaravi saxe miiRo
rostom mefe-xanis da levan II dadianis dros. unda iTqvas, rom adamianTa
gayidvis faqtebis gamomJRavnebisTanave (e.i. XVI s-Si) Cvens wmida eklesias
miuRia zomebi, cdila ZirSive aRmoefxvra es mavne codva, magram, qveyanaSi
Seqmnili viTarebis gamo, mis cdas obieqturi, mosalodneli Sedegebi ar
mohyolia. am Zeglidan Cans, rom saqarTveloSi (krebis mowvevis epoqaSi)
saeklesio samarTlis iurisdiqcias eqvemdebareboda ara marto sasuliero
saeklesio saqmeebi, aramed, zogierT SemTxvevaSi, sisxlis samarTlis
danaSaulebanic547.
marTalia im droisaTvis biWvinTaSi krebis mowveva saSiSi iyo (e.i. XVI s.
SuawlebSi), magram is mainc warmoadgenda udides saeklesio centrs da,
rogorc Cans, aq, saeklesio dedaqalaqSi, Sedga ganxiluli kreba.

samarTali kaTalikozTa
[sruli teqsti]
q. saxeliTa da R TisaTa me, qristes mier kurTxeulman yovlisa
saqarTvelosa kaTalikozman patriaqman malaqia, me, qristes mier kurTxeulman
afxazeTis kaTalikozman mamaT-mTavarman evdemon, davsxediT da SevkribeniT
yovelni ebiskopozni afxazeTisani.
da didi siymili movida codvaTa CuenTagan, mravali uwesoba da ujero
saqme Semovida: kacis klva, kacis syidva, eklesiis krexva da uxvedroba.
davideviT sjulis kanoni da Cuenca imisgan gamoviReviT; da raca imisagan
ar gamoviReviT, Cuen Cueni magieri ara Segimatebia ra.
da sjulis kanonica asre bZanebs.
[kacis syidvisa ese gavaCineT] 1. q. ramanc kacman kaci gayidos, anu didman,
anu mcireman, anu Tavadman, anu aznaurman da an glexman, wmidaTa krebulTagan
SeCuenebul iyos da gandili.
rasac kacs marTliT gankiTxviTa da gamoZiebiTa kacis syidva gamoaCndes,
Tu is kaci daisnas da moiyuanos, missa saydarsa da ebiskoposs dauurvos, ra
erTic Zal-edvas, damklebis ufalsaca dauurvos.

da Tu ver moiyuanos, vin ginda vin iyos, TavadisSvili unda aznaurSvili,

unda glexi, maSinc veram saqmem ver isnas, ukanonodca ars, - Zelsa mieces.
da vinc qrTami aiRos da ar CamoarCos, SeCuenebul iyos wmidaTa
krebulTagan da kanonsamca queSe aris wmidaTa mociqulTasa.
q. eklesiis mkrexvelTaTvis ese gangwesebia 2. q. vinc eklesia gatexos da
xati ganZarcos ukanonod Zelsa mieces.
3. q. vinca eklesias Sigan Sevides da saqoneli gamoitanos, eklesiasa misi
saqoneli miezRos da kaci daSavdes.
4. q. vinca Zma moklas anu mama, eli moekueTos da mamulisagan ganvardes.
5. q. vinca ubralo kaci moklas anu mgzavri, anu mcveli risame qurdobiT,
ganipatijos.
6. q. vinca qurdoba qnas, rarigadac pirvelad wesi yofiliyos, isre
gardaadevinon.
q. ebiskopozis saqme ese gagCenia 7. q. romelic ebiskopozi missa saydarsa
ganeSoros Tnier ocis dRisa, Tu ar patronisa mizezisa da saqmisaTis da
anu samwysosa Sigan siarulisagan Tavi elT ara hqondes da anu avad ar iyos,
anu missa samwysosa Sigan qorebiskopozsa gauwyuetlad ar aroninebdes da
sjulis saqmesa da mRdel- monaznis saqmes da missa samwysosa eklesiebis
saqmesa marTlad ar mwysobdes, ara marTebdes da ar amagrebdes, raca Zaledvas, mis saydars ar aSenebdes da ar kazmevdes, anu saydris mamuls ar
amagrebdes, da romelmanca ebiskopozman, raca sjulis kanonsa Sigan ar
eweros, imas gareT anu uxvedrobisa da snaobisa saqmesa zeda neba darTos
da anu sakanono aarTvas, _ SeCuenebul iyos wmidaTa krebulTagan da
kanonsamca queS aris wmidaTa mociqulTasa, da misisa saydrisagan eqsoria
iqmnas.
8. q. romelmanca ebiskopozman diakoni da mRdeli asre akurTxos, rome
marTalze ar ganikiTxos da anu daviTnisa da msgebsisa da kurTxevanisa
kiTxva ar SeeZlos, da anu umoZRuro iyos da moZRuari ar ganikiTxos,
SeCuenebuli iyos.
9. q. romelmanca ebiskopozman sxvis ebiskopozisa Seundobelsa Sendoba
misces, anu diakoni da mRvdeli ukurTxos, SeCuenebuli iyos.
10. q. romlisac ebiskopozis samwysos Sigan ese iqnebodes, umRdlod da,
Tu Rone ar iyos, umTavardiakunod, eris kacis eliTa anu ziareba gaegzavnos
da anu eziaros, xucesi wirvisagan daayenos.
11 q. romelman ebiskopozman missa samwysosa Sina ese ikadros da ar
moikiTxos, SeCuenebuli iyos.
12. q. romlisac ebiskopozisa qorebiskopozi soflis soflamdis da
eklesiis eklesiamdis ar mividodes da im eklesiis Sesavalsa kacebsa ar
Sehyrides, uqmobasa, naTesaobasa, avgzisobasa, snaobasa, marxvis Wamasa
marTliT saqmiT ar gamoikiTxvides da ar marTebdes, SeCuenebuli iyos.
13. q. romelica, anu didi anu Tavadi, anu aznauri, anu glexi, ebiskopozsa
winaaRudges da marTliTa samarTliTa da gankiTxviT qorebiskopozs
sarjulo ar moakiTxvinos, SeCuenebuli iyos.
14. q. vincavin ebiskopozsa da missa qorebiskopozsa winaaRmdegoba hkadros,
marTliTa gankiTxviTa da gamoZiebiT rjuli ar mohkiTxos patronman, mefeman
misad sisxlad da Secodebad moikiTxos.

15. q. romelica ebiskopozi, didi anu mcire, kaTalikozsa samRTosa da

sasjulosa saqmezeda, anu saydrisa, anu sjulisa saqme rame daeSaos,
marTliTa gankiTxviTa da gamowulilviTa raca kaTalikozman swuarTos,
ewuarTos da marTalsa weszeda daadges, ara da ar gaugonos da arca
iwuarTos, wirvisagan ganikueTos da mefem saydrisagan eqsoria qmnas.
[mefis Ralatisa asre iqnas] 16. q. visac patronis mefis Ralati gamoaCndes,
anu didsa, anu Tavadsa, anu aznaursa, anu visac, marTaliT gankiTxviT da
gamowulilviTa, rarigadac wmidaTa krebaTa da wmidaTa mociqulTagan
gaCenili iyos da sjulisa kanonsa Sigan eweros, sikudiliT ganipatiJos.
[kaTalikozisa da ebiskopozis ginebisaTvis] 17. q. vinc kaTalikozsa da
ebiskopozsa aginos da upatiuroba hkadros, rarigadac sjulis kanonSi
eweros, imrigad ganipatiJos.
[uRirsi mRdlis kurTxevisaTvis] 18. q. romelmanca ebiskopozman uRirsi
mRdeli anu diakoni akurTxos, da anu icodes misi uRirsoba, da anu wirva
daanebos, da anu qrTami aarTvas, SeCuenebulimca aris, viTarca smon mog.
nurc ebiskopozi, nurc moZRuari da winamZRuari qrTamiT nu daidginebis.
amisTs sjulis kanoni asre brZanebs: Seundobeli iyos makurTxevelica da
kurTxeulica.
[mrudad gamokvlevisa da gamarTlebisaTvis]. 19. q. romelmanc kacis
msyidveli da eklesiis mtexeli, marTali mrudad gamoikulios da mrudi
ganamarTlos, SeuCerebeli iyos.
[saydris mamulis gamoxumisaTvis] 20. q. vincavin, didman anu mcireman,
saydarsa da monastersa mamuli gamoaxuas, anu sofeli, anu venai, anu miwa da
agari, vincavin [iyos], didi da mcire, SeCuenebuli iyos.
[sjulis gamTavebelTa da gardamavalTaTvis] 21. q. vinca es, mociqulTa da
wmidaTa krebaTagan ganwesebuli da Cuen mier damtkicebuli sjuli da wigni
gaaTaos, kurTxeva
R Tisa, ubiwod mSobelisa misisa da wmidiTa
krebulTagan, da wmidaTa mociqulTa, da yovelTa wmidaTagan. vinca es
daamtkicos, locva-kurTxeviT da SendobiT iyos TaviTa, coliTa da SviliTa,
saxliT, mamuliT da agarakiT, rac R Tsa kacisaTs keTili daebados,
yovliTa keTiliTa aRsavse iqmnas, locva-kurTxeviT da SendobiT amyofos.
vinc am wmidaTa krebaTa mociqulTagan ganwesebuli da Cuen mier
damtkicebuli ar Seiwynaros da kaTolikes saydarzed dasmulsa winaaRudges
da Cueni mcneba ar daimarxos, krulmca aris caTa Sina da queyanasa zeda
wmidaTa krebulTagan, wmidaTa mociqulTagan da yovelTa wmidaTagan, Se-mcaeqmnebis Zrwola kaenisa, SiSTli iudasi, mexis-texa deoskoresi, moSToba
gmirTa, dawva sodomelTa, keTri geezisa, danTqma daTan da abironisi,
sircxli kriskenti da Tabinesi, da yovelTa qristes uaris myofelTa
Tanamca aris nawili misi.
[rZlis SerTvisaTvis] 22. q. vinca anu didman, anu Tavadman, anu aznaurman,
anu glexman, rZali SeirTos, SeCvenebulimc aris R Tisagan da misTa
wmidaTagan da SdTa krebaTa, wmidaTa mociqulTagan.
kacica da dedakacica gaRma-gamoRma dakiron, da mkiravni Cuengan
dalocvil da kurTxeulni iyon.
me, afxazeTis kaTalikozi [evdemon], kanoniTa vamtkiceb.
me, quTaTel mitrapoliti smion, kanoniTa vamtkiceb.

me,
me,
me,
me,
me,
me,
me,
me,
me,

genaTel mTavar-ebiskopozi antoni, kanoniTa vamtkiceb.

mama Wyondideli, kanoniTa vamtkiceb.
bediel mitropoliti, kanoniTa vamtkiceb.
moquel mTavar-ebiskopozi, kanoniTa vamtkiceb.
drandel mitrapoliti filipe, kanoniTa vamtkiceb.
cagerel mamaT-mTavari kozman, kanoniTa vamtkiceb.
xonel mTavar-ebiskopozi zaqaria, kanoniTa vamtkiceb.
nikorwmideli ebiskopozi iovakim, kanoniTa vamtkiceb.
CiSel mamaT-mTavari krile, kanoniTa vamtkiceb.

[colis ubralod dagdebisaTvis] 23. q. romelman ubralod coli daagdos,

SeCuenebulimca aris wmidaTa mociqulTagan da sikudiliTa ganipatiJos548.

6. daviT-garejis saeklesio krebis `ganCineba~ (1702 w.)

1702 wels mowveul iqna saeklesio kreba, romelmac gamosca dadgenileba _
`ganCineba saeklesio krebisa samonastro wesisa da rigis Taobaze~549.
marTalia, ganCineba sazogadod samonastro cxovrebas Seexeba, magram
masSi kerZoobiTi saubaria daviT-garejis monastris Sesaxeb. am dadgenilebiT
kreba Seecada, moewesrigebina daviT-garejis samonastro cxovreba. ufro
sworad, krebas surda axlad daewyo da rogorme aeRorZinebina samonastro
cxovreba. saqme is iyo, rom CrdilokavkasielTa (lekTa) gamudmebulma TareSma
daaZabuna daviT-garejis monastrebi XVII saukuneSi. monasterTa sisxlsavse
cxovreba gansakuTrebiT daamcro 6000 beris amowyvetam. Zvel saqarTveloSi
berobis msurveli mravali qristiani iyo, didi survilic hqondaT daviTgarejSi moRvaweobisa, magram aoxrebul monasterSi mudmivi SiSianobis gamo,
Cans, darCena eZnelebodaT. am da sxva mizezTa gamo 1702 wels mowveul
saeklesio krebis ganCinebaSi naTqvamia: `Cven ama krebis brZanebiTa ese wigni,
piri da brZaneba davsdeviT, ase, rome: 1. romeli beri daviT garejas, Tu
naTlismcemels, Tu dodos, Tu berTubans mivides metaniad da dasadgomad da
aRTqma yos mun monastersa Sina samyofad da mere kualad ukun iqces da
dauteos Tvisi metania monasteri da sxvad monastrad mivides ...Tavisi nebiT....
wyeul iyos da SeCvenebul RmrTisa da oTxis patriarqisagan, svetis
cxovelisagan da wmidis giorgisa, wmidis ninosa da ama wmidis daviTis da
dodosagan~550.
aRsaniSnavia, rom Zveli qarTuli dokumentebi XIII s-mde asaxelebdnen xuT
msoflio patriarqs, maT Soris igulisxmeboda romis eklesiis meTauric
(papic), am droisaTvis misi xseneba amovardnilia da mxolod oTxi
marTlmadidebeli patriarqi moixsenieba (konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis,
antioqiisa da ierusalimis patriarqebi). am sabuTidan kidev erTxel Cans, rom
daviT-garejis monastrebi mTlian qarTul eklesiasTan erTad XVIII s-is
dasawyisSi marTlmadidebluri orientaciisani iyvnen. amis aRniSvna imisTvisaa
saWiro, rom am monasterSi berad Sevida sulxan-saba orbeliani, TiTqosda
kaTolike. cxadia, marTlmadideblur monasterSi kaTolike ver dadgeboda,

sulxan-sabas `kaTolikoba~ mxolod politikuri da ara sarwmunoebrivi

orientacia iyo.
krebis ganCinebis meore muxlic SemoklebiT imasve imeorebs, rac pirvel
muxlSia gadmocemuli. mesame muxli krZalavs unebarTvod berebis erTi
monastridan meoreSi gadasvlas. meoTxe muxliT monastris datovebis Sendoba
eZleva im bers, romelsac `mefeTagan, kaTalikozTagan, efiskopozTa da
darbazis erTagan gamovides episkoposad an winamZRvrad, anu romelisame wessa
zeda mdgomared. amas Sendoba da madli hqondes~551.
mexuTe muxliT ekrZalebaT qveynis saero da sasuliero meTaurebs
(Tavadebs, episkoposebs) Sewynareba monastridan unebarTvod gamosuli berisa.
meeqvse muxliT kreba wyevas da SeCvenebas uTvlis krebis ganCinebis
damrRvevT. krebis ganCinebas xels awers 11 episkoposi: bodbeli, Tbileli,
mangleli, samebeli, mroveli, Weremeli, wilkneli, xarWaSneli, dmaneli,
bovneli, walkeli da erTi arqimandriti. ganCinebas brZanebis saxe misca
kaTalikosma Tavisi beWdis dasmiT. kaTalikosis brZaneba daadastures amba
alaverdelma nikolozma, ninowmindelma iosebma, bodbelma mitropolitma
zaqariam da mTavarepiskoposma qristeforem.
radganac krebis ganCineba uSualod daviT-garejis monastrebs exeba, unda
vifiqroT, rom kreba iqve Catarda. amas miuTiTebs krebis mier moxseniebul
wmidaTa CamoTvlac. sazogadod, romelime eklesiaSi, anda eklesiis sanaxebSi
saRvTo msaxurebis damaboloebeli Camolocvis dros, rogorc wesi, uTuod
moixsenieba wmidani, romlis saxelzec aSenebulia eklesia an monasteri. 1702
wlis krebis ganCineba saerTo saeklesio siwmideebis (sveticxovlis, sauflo
kvarTis, sveticxovlisadmi mimadlebuli sauflo mironis) CamoTvlis Semdeg,
pirvel rigSi, ixseniebs kaxeTis mxaris siwmideebs: giorgi alaverdels, wmida
ninos (e.i. bodbis saydars) da aboloebs ase: `madliTa mama daviT garejiTa da
wmidisa dodosiTa~ es ukanaskneli CamonaTvali unda miuTiTebdes, rom kreba
daviT garejSi, anda mis mamulSi Catarda.
erTi sabuTidan Cans, rom krebis Catarebis Semdeg daviT-garejis
monasterTa mdgomareoba ramdenadme gaumjobesebula. 1704 wels daviT-garejis
winamZRvarma onofrem, dodos winamZRvarma zaqariam da naTlismcemlis
winamZRvarma xaritonma Txovna miarTves kaxeTis mefe erekle I-s da sTxoves
monastrisaTvis daebrunebinaT sagarejos mamulebi, ris sanacvlodac
monastrebi iRebdnen valdebulebas, yovelwliurad, yvelieris xuTSabaTs,
sagangebod ewiraT mefe-dedoflisaTvis, xolo xorcielis kviras maTi
SvilebisaTvis. 1709 wels gamocemuli Sewirulobis sigelidan Cans, rom
daviT-garejis monastrebi, e.w. stavropigiulni ki ar iyvnen, aramed
ninowmideli mTavarepiskoposis samwysos Seadgendnen, yovel SemTxvevaSi,
aseTi pretenzia ganucxadebia ioseb ninowmidels: `aReSennes monasterni ege
udabnosani, vidremdis Seiqmnes adgilsa magas monasterni aTormeti TavisTavad winamZRvriTurT, da eseni yovelni iyvnes samwyso da morCil RmrTisa
mier
kurTxeulisa
mTavarepiskopozisa
ninowmidelisa,
da
romelnica
uflebdes da ganagebdes sagarejos wmidis ninos monastersa, maTica jer ars
pyroba da kurTxeva amaTi~1.
mahmadianebis SemosevaTa droso, _ wers ninowmideli episkoposi, _
`udabnonica ese garejisani aoxrdes da mravalJam da mravalwel daSTa
umkvidrod kacTagan da arRaravin iyo berTagani adgilsa magas wmidasa,

vidremde yofad Cvendamde da iyo umkvidro kacTagan~552. ninowmideli

mTavarepiskopos ioseb vaCnaZis dros berebs aRudgeniaT dodos monasteri,
misTvis episkoposs mamulebi Seuwiravs. garda amisa, rac aRsaniSnavia, am
episkoposs berebisaTvis dauweria saqarTvelos eklesiis mokle istoria,
wmida ninos moRvaweoba, asureli mamebis Camosvla, gansakuTrebiT ki daviTis,
dodos da lukianes cxovreba. episkoposis survili yofila, berebs hqonodaT
Sesabamisi codnac.
rogorc zemoaRniSnulidan Cans, 1702 wels mowveuli saeklesio krebis
Semdeg daviT-garejis monasterTa cxovreba SesamCnevad aRorZinebula.
aRsaniSnavia,
rom
saqarTvelos
eklesias
krebis
mamebi
uwodeben
`samociqulo eklesias~. patriarqi Tavis Tavs ase moixseniebs: `Cven, meufisa
mier, samociqulosa kaTolike eklesiasa zeda dadginebuli patriarqi
kaTalikozi evdemozi~553. saqarTvelos eklesiis am saxelwodebas gausva xazi
Semdgomma, 1748 wels mowveulma saeklesio krebamac.
daviT-garejis krebis `ganCineba~
[ganCineba saeklesio krebisa samonastro wesisa da rigis Taobaze] [1702 w.]
q. saxeliTa
saxierisa, arseba daubadebelisa RmrTisa mamisa, Zisa da
sulisa wmidisaTa, SewevniTa da madliTa yovlad ubiwosa umetesad
kurTxeulisa, uxrwnelisa qalwulisa mariamisaTa, SewevniTa da ZaliTa
cxovels myofelisa jvarisaTa, ZaliTa da madlisaTa wmidaTa zecisa ZalTa
angelozTa da mTavar angelozTa, madliTa da SewevniTa wmindaTa udabnos
maSvenebelTa mamaTa, madliTa da SewevniTa svetis cxovlisa kvarTisa
sauflosa mironisa wmindisaTa, madliTa da TanamdgomlobiTa wmindisa
giorgi alaverdisaTa da SewevniTa meaTcametisa mociqulisa ninosiTa,
madliTa mama daviT garejelisaTa da wmindisa dodosiTa;
Cven, meufisa mier samociqulosa kaTolike eklesiasa zedan dadginebulman
patronman kaTalikozman evdemoz, amba alaverdelman patronman nikoloz,
mTavarefiskopozman qristeforem, ninowmindelman ioseb, sula qarTvelTa da
kaxT efiskopozTa, winamZRvarTa, mRdelTa da samRdeloT dasTa ese wigni,
piri da fici davsdeviT da Sekrva gaxsnis brZaneba, viTarca brZanebs piri
RmrTisa: `romeli ganxsnaT, xsnil iyos da romeli SekraT, krul iyos~.
Cven ama krebisa brZanebiTa ese wigni, piri da brZaneba davsdeviT, ase rome:
1. romelic beri daviT-garejas, Tu naTlismcemels, Tu dodos, Tu
berTubans mivides metaniad da dasadgomad da aRTqma yos mun monastersa Sina
samyofad, da merme kualad ukun-iqces da dauteos Tvisi metania monasteri da
sxvad monastrad mivides, Cvenad uSendobod da eris gamourCevlad,
daupatijeblad, Tavis nebiT da wadiliT da guliswyromiT, ampartavnobiT,
dauTminobiT gamovardes, an sityuiT visiTme moRordes da wavides, wyeul
iyos da SeCvenebul RmrTisa da yovelT misTa wmindaTagan, Svidis krebisagan
da oTxis patriarqisgan, svetis cxovelisgan da wmindis giorgisa, wmindis
ninosa da am wmindis mama daviTisa da dodosagan.
2. romelic Sevides, metania qnas dasadgomad, mamasa da krebuls piri da
aRTqma daudvas da aRar aRasrulos es Tavisi aRnaTqvami, wyeuli iyos da
SeCvenebuli.

3. kvalad, romelmanc erTmanerTis SurobiT da qiSpobiT erTis

monastridam meoreSi sadgomad beri miiyuanos an TviTan mivides mamasa da
krebulisagan uSendobod, isimc wyeuli da SeCvenebul iyos.
4. Tu mefeTagan, kaTalikozTagan, efiskopozTa da darbazis erTagan
gamorCeviT gamovides efiskopozad anu winamZRuarad anu romelsame wessa
zeda mdgomlad, amas Sendoba da madli qondes.
5. romelmac Tavadma, gina efiskopozman anu didman anu mcireman iqidam
mamisa krebisa Seundobari da gamovardnili da am wyevas qveS danarCunebuli
beri miuSvas da Seiwynaros, isic imisi monawile da Tanaziari iyos.
es ase gavarigeT da davamtkiceT.
6. vinc amas urC eqmnas, wyevasa da SeCvenebasa qveSe iyos da daTan da
abironTana da iudas monawile da moziaremc iqmnebis, wyeul iyos suliTa da
orciTa aqa da mermesa mas didsa dResa, amin. amin. amin.
amisi mowame da damamtkicebelni: bodbeli zaqaria, Tbileli domenti,
mangleli ioseb, samebeli nikoloz, mroveli, Weremeli, wilkneli, xarWaSneli
parTeni, dmaneli elise, bovneli ivane, walkeli nikoloz, maRalaZe
arqimanditi nikoloz, sula qarTvelni da kaxni efiskopozni.
vinca am garigebisa da brZanebis damamtkicebeli iyos, madli da kurTxeva
qondes.
vinca vin urC eqmnas, wyevasamca qveSe ars aw da maradis ukuniT
ukunisamdis, amin.
qoronikons tJ.
beWedi: kaTalikozi evdemoz
vamtkiceb brZanebas amas kaTalikozis evdemosisasa amba alaverdeli.
xelrTva: alaverdeli nikoloz
vamtkiceb ninowmideli ioseb.
beWedi: mona RvTisa ninowmideli ioseb
vamtkiceb bodbeli mitrapoliti zaqaria am wigns.
beWedi: bodbeli zaqaria
q. batoni mTavarefiskopozi vamtkiceb am sigels554.
beWedi: mTavarepiskoposi qristefore.
7. sakanonmdeblo Sekrebani vaxtang VI-is karze (1706-1709 ww.)
saqarTvelos saeklesio samarTlis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani wyaroa vaxtang
VI-is samarTlis wignTa krebuli. `marTlmadideb-lobis mxne mxedarma, uflis
mier Zlierma moRvawem, sionis rjulmtkicebiTa Seuryevelma svetma,
marTlmadideblobiT da RvTis siyvaruliT Seuorgulebelma batoniSvilma
vaxtangma~ Tavis garSemo Semoikriba qarTuli eklesiis, sityvisa da
kulturis didi moamageni, Seakrebina maT qarTveli xalxis mravali saukunis
namuSevari wminda werilis, `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tu `vefxistyaosnis~
dafantuli furclebi, Seaswavlina isini da gamoacemina. vaxtangma agreTve
Seagrova qarTuli samarTlis Zveli naSTebi da Zeglebi, Seadgina axali,
daamtkicebina krebas isini da gamosca mTliani `samarTlis wignTa krebulis~
saxiT.

rogorc vaxtang VI-is samarTlis wignTa krebulis SesavalSia naTqvami, am

epoqis qarTlis WeSmariti ganmanaTlebeli, e.i. yoveli axali erovnuli ideis
momwodebeli iyo mefe giorgi XI _ `mze simarTlisa~, romelmac `qveyanaTa
amaT qarTlisaTa mohfina naTeli~555. mefe giorgim ineba da `mosca Tavis
wilad taxtsa zeda gamgeblad qarTlisad~ batoniSvili vaxtangi, romelmac
`igula da igulismodgina da Semokribna yovelni wignni samarTlisani,
romelni JamTa viTarebiTa TviToeulad mimodabneuli iyo. es yoveli moiZia,
ipova da moiSova, mravliTa iZulebiTa da friadiTa SromiTa moiRo pirvel
dabadebisa da gamosvlaTa samarTalni mosesmieri, romeli TviT RmerTman
mosca da amcno... meorisa Zieba hyo saberZneTiT, oTxTa patriarqTa mier
qenebiTa wigni sasamarTloni, JamTa keisrisaTa... mesame moaRebina didisa
somxeTisa mwyemsisa grigol ganmanaTlebelisa samarxos eCmiaZiniT somexT
mefeTa wigni samarTlisani... meoTxe, wmindaTa da marTlmadidebelTa
qarTlis da afxazeTis kaTalikozTa RirsTa episkoposTagan ganwesebuli
samarTali, mexuTe, didis mefeT-mefis giorgis mier Tqmulni samarTalni
mopovnebul-yo, romliTa sjiden samnive ese samefoni qarTlisani. meeqvse,
aRbuRa jayel-cixisjvarelisa Tqmulni ganaCenni da samarTalni, meSvide, amaT
yovelTa Semdgomad aRwera TviT sibrZniT da gulisxmobiTa TvisiTa,
damowmebiT da nebadarTviT TvisTa kaTalikoz-episkopoz da didebuldarbaiselTa, romeli aRwera TviToeulad yovelnive samarTalni, ufros
saxmar da sargebel qarTlsa Sina amaT sxvaTaca~556.
sagulisxmoa, rom saqarTvelos samefoebs anu imJamindeli qarTlis,
kaxeTisa da imereTis samefoebs, es Zegli, samives erTad _ `qarTls~,
`qarTlis samefoebs~ uwodebs557, esaa areali, sadac am samarTlis
iurisdiqcia vrceldeboda.
CvenTvis
gansakuTrebiT
mniSvnelovania
is,
rom
vaxtangma
Tavisi
SemoqmedebiTi samuSao Seafasebina da miaRebina krebas, romelic Sedgeboda
kaTalikosisa da episkoposebisagan. am krebas, iseve, rogorc saxelmwifo
darbazis sxdomas, mefesa da umaRles ierarqebTan erTad eswrebodnen
didebulni da darbaiselni, vaxtangs maTi `damowmeba da nebadarTva~
esaWiroeboda. am krebas, ramdenime sxdomisagan Semdgars unebebia damtkiceba
da amoqmedeba samarTlis Zveli da axali normebisa - `damowmebiTa da
nebadarTviT TvisTa kaTalikoz-episkopoz da didebul-darbaiselTa~556,
rogorc wyaro aRniSnavs, am samarTlis kanonebis moZieba-SemuSavebis dros
vaxtangs gverdiT edga cnobili mecnieri, kaTalikos-patriarqi domenti IV,
agreTve mTavarepiskoposi grigoli, sxva mitropolit-episkopos-winamZRvarni
da sasuliero pirebi.
vaxtangi wers Tavisi samarTlis wignis SesavalSi: `nuravin hgonebT, TviT
mxolod TaviT TvisTa rasame vyofdeT, aramed TanayoliTa da mowmobiTa
mRvdelmTavrisa da didis dedaqalaqisa mcxeTisa da kvarTsa zedan sauflosa
svetisa RvTiv aRmarTebulisa da miron-aRmocenebulis, saWed-mpyroblisa da
xarisxisa zedan mtkiced mdgomelisa Zmisa Cvenisa, batoniSvilis kaTalikosis
domentisiTa, agreTve TanadgomiTa aragvis erisTviSvilis mTavarepiskopozis
grigoliTi
da
sxvaTa
mitropolit-episkopoz-winamZRvarTa
da
saRmrToTaganTa~558.
Tavisi
samarTlis
bolosityvaSic
vaxtangi
Seaxsenebs
momaval
kaTalikosebs, episkoposebs, mitropolitebs, winamZRvrebs, mRvdlebs, sxva

sasuliero pirebs Semdegi droisa, rom mis naRvaw samarTals `mowmoba darTes
erTa CvenTa srulebiT saRmrToTa da gina samxedroT aman... yovelmanve
erTbaSad da ese esreT ars Semzadebuli~559.
safiqrebelia, rom vaxtangma domenti kaTalikosisa da grigoli
episkoposis TanadgomiT moamzada kanonebi, e.i. Seamzada e.w. `samarTali
batoniSvilis vaxtangisa~. amis Semdgom maT da sagangebod Seqmnilma komisiam
moiZies sxva qristiani erebis samarTlis wignebi. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba
daeTmo bizantiuri samarTlis wignebs. Semdeg ki mTeli krebuli krebam
daamtkica.
komisiam upirvelesad saeklesio samarTlis erT-erTi umTavresi wyaro
`friadi SromiT moiRo~. esaa e.w. `moses samarTali~. komisiisaTvis
gansakuTrebuli interesis sagans warmoadgenda imperatorTa droindeli
bizantiuri samarTali, romelic Tavis droze ara mxolod saqveyno, aramed
upirvelesad saeklesio samarTlis kodeqss warmoadgenda. bizantiis imperiis
damxobis
Semdegac,
`igi
moqmed
samarTlad
iTvleboda
bizantiuri
civilizaciis
qveynebSi
(saberZneTi,
bulgareTi,
moldaveTi,
ruseTi,
560
saqarTvelo, somxeTi da sxva), _ wers i. doliZe
moqmed samarTalSi
igulisxmeba bizantieli nomofilaqsis konstantine armenopulos naSromi `eqvsi wigni~561.
vaxtangis mier gamocemuli bizantiuri samarTlis mixedviT Sedgenili
`berZnuli
samarTlis~
qarTuli
versiis
umTavres
nawils
Seadgens
armenopulos `eqvsi wignidan~ amokrebili kanonebi. mis meore nawils Seadgens
Targmanebi maTeos blastaris sintagmidan. Tavis mxriv, armenopulo aRniSnavs,
rom mis wyaros sxvasTan erTad warmoadgenda imperatorebis: basilis,
konstantines da leonis proxironebi, sakanonmdeblo aqtebidan amonakrebi,
agreTve mefeTa wignis (basilikis) Semokleba (sinopsisi) da sasamarTlo
praqtika, imperatorebis dadgenilebebi, leon brZenis novelebis krebuli,
leonisa da konstantines 18 titulovani ekloga, cxadia, umTavresi wyaroa
mociqulTa da saeklesio krebaTa kanonebi, sasinodo da sapatriarqos
dadgenilebebi562.
alfabeturi sintagmis avtoric, maTeos blastari Tavis naSromis wyarod
iyenebs saeklesio krebebis dadgenilebebs da kanonebs, romis samarTlis
wyaroebs leon brZenis bazilikamde563. qarTuli `samarTali berZnulis~
SesavalSic asevea naTqvami: `leon brZnisa da konstantinesi da sxvaTa
xelmwifeTa mier Tqmuli~564. es Sesavali da misi 1-eli muxli warmoadgens
armenopulos `eqvsi wignis~ Sesavals565. i. doliZe eyrdnoba vl. sokolskis
daskvnebs, rom berZnuli kanonebis qarTuli Targmani warmoadgens blastaris
sintagmisa da armenopulos `eqvsi wignis~ kompilacias. es ukanasknelni
berZnul-romauli samarTlis mTavari krebulebi iyo da iyenebdnen bizantiis
gviandel epoqaSi. blastaris sintagmas sasuliero, xolo armenopulos
naSroms _ saero sasamarTloebSi. rogorc cnobilia, miuxedavad Turqebis
mier bizantiis dapyrobisa, mainc osmaleTis imperiaSi berZnuli da,
sabolood marTlmadidebluri mosaxleobis saeklesio da samoqalaqo
saqmeebis iurisdiqcia mTlianad konstantinopolis sapatriarqosa da berZen
sasuliero xelisufalTa xelSi moeqca, amitomac praqtikuli saWiroebisaTvis
osmaleTSi marTlmadidebluri saeklesio xelisuflebis mier gakeTda

yoveldRiuri xmarebisaTvis saWiro blastaris sintagmisa da armenopulos

`eqvsi wignis~ mokle kompilacia. bizantiis imperiis dacemis Semdeg, rogorc
aRiniSna, saeklesio iurisdiqcia gavrcelda marTlmadidebeli mosaxleobis
saero saqmeebzedac, radganac eklesiis xelSi moeqca marTlmadidebeli
mosaxleobis samoqalaqo iurisdiqcia566, amitomac erT mTlian korpusad
gaerTianebuli iuridiuli krebulebi, romelSic saeklesio da saero
samarTali Sedioda didi upiratesobiT sargeblobda. swored aseTi
krebuli mouZiebia vaxtangis komisias yofil bizantiaSi, anu imdroindel
osmaleTSi. ramdenimewliani Ziebis Semdeg, samarTlis wigni berZnulidan
gadmouTargmnia kvipriane samTavnel episkoposs. `berZnuli samarTlis~
mkvlevaris, T. bregaZis azriT, mis wyaros warmoadgens blastaris sintagma,
armenopulos wignebidan CanamatebiT. am xelnaweris qarTuli Targmani atarebs
gamokrebil xasiaTs. Targmani kvipriane samTavnels unda Seesrulebina, am
episkoposma domenti kaTalikosis brZanebiT Targmna `kurTxeva eklesiisa~,
imave kaTalikosis brZanebiT samarTlis zogierT muxls gaukeTa minaweri567.
aqedan Cans, rom vaxtang VI-sTan erTad aqtiurad muSaobda samarTlis
wignebze kaTalikos-patriarqi domenti IV, episkoposi grigoli aragvis
erisTavis Svili da agreTve episkoposi kvipriane samTavneli. kaTalikosepiskoposebis aqtiuri muSaoba berZnul-bizantiuri saeklesio-samoqalaqo
samarTlis wyaroebis Zieba-Targmnisas miuTiTebs, Tu ra aqtiurad iRvwoda
saqarTvelos eklesia samarTlis sferoSi XVII s-is bolos da XVIII s-is
dasawyisSi.
komisiam ineba da agreTve moiZia e.w. `siriul-romauli samarTali~,
romelic im droisaTvis arsebobda somxur enaze da daculi iyo eCmiaZinis
sakaTalikoso wignTsacavSi. igi am droisaTvis gaerTianebuli yofila erT
samarTlis krebulad, mxiTar goSis samarTlis wignTan erTad. ori weli
Targmnidnen `somxuri samarTlis wigns~ da mis safuZvelze Seqmnes e.w.
`somxuri samarTlis qarTuli versia~. igi, rogorc iTqva, ori nawilisagan
Sedgeba, esaa siriul-romauli samarTlis qarTuli versia da mxiTar goSis
samarTlis qarTuli versia. masSi sul 431 muxlia. siriul-romauli
samarTali, vl. sokolskis kvlevis Tanaxmad, Sedgenili yofila V saukuneSi
da es iuridiuli krebuli Zveli droidan moqmedebda ara mxolod somxeTSi,
aramed saqarTveloSic568. igi V_VI saukuneebSi mcire aziis saxelmwifoebSic
yofila gavrcelebuli, viTarca bizantiis gavlenis qveS myof qveynebSi.
siriul-romaul kanonebs gavlena mouxdenia mxiTar goSis samarTlis wignze
(prof. s. samuelianis azriT)3, mas `Zlevamosil qristian mefeTa konstantines,
Teodosis da leonis kanonebs~ uwodebdnen569. i. doliZis azriT, SesaZloa es
siriul-romauli kanonebi Zvelad qarTuladac iyo naTargmni. magram igi
dakargula da amitomac vaxtangis komisias xelmeored uTargmnia mxiTar
goSis samarTlis wignTan erTad569. cxadia, marTlmadidebeli bizantiis
saxelmwifosa da misi imperatorebis kanonebi gamosayenebeli iyo saeklesio
sferoSi ZvelTaganve.
riT unda yofiliyo gamowveuli mxiTar goSis samarTlis wignis CarTva
vaxtangis krebulSi? b. aruTinianis azriT, samarTlis wigns `naxevrad
sakanonmdeblo, naxevrad moZRvruli xasiaTi hqonda da modave mxareTa da
mosamarTleTa neba-survilze iyo damokidebuli eRiarebinaT da gamoeyenebinaT

igi Tu ara~570. i. doliZis azriT, samarTlis wignSi Setanili normebi da

wesebi moqmed samarTals warmoadgenda, Tumca isicaa aRsaniSnavi, rom TviTon
vaxtang VI
miuTiTebda da urCevda mosamarTleebsa da msajulebs
gamoeyenebinaT ara ucxouri samarTali, aramed qarTuli, anu vaxtangis
samarTali. amis mizezad vaxtangi asaxelebs im garemoebas, rom qarTvelebis
`wesi da qceva~ gansxvavdeba sxva qveynebis `rigisa da qceulobisagan~.
amitomac ucxouri samarTali `Cvenda uxmar ars~, Tumca ki samarTlis wignSi
isini `SemoklebiT moipovebian~. vaxtangi wers, rom Cveni qveynisaTvis
sasargebloa da umjobesia mis mier SemuSavebuli da krebis mier
damtkicebuli samarTlis gamoyeneba571.
osmaleTis kanonebis Sesabamisad, sxvadasxva religiuri Temis wevrebi
osmaleTSi rogorc samoqalaqo, ise saeklesio sferoSic eqvemdebarebodnen
sakuTar samarTals. amiT iyo gamowveuli, rom yirimsa da osmaleTSi arsebul
sxva somxur koloniebSi mxiTar goSis samarTali moqmed samarTals
warmoadgenda, cxadia, somxebisaTvis. sakuTari samarTlis moqmedebis es sfero
somxebma gaavrceles sxva qveynebSi mcxovreb somxebzec, magaliTad,
poloneTSi.
isidore
doliZis
azriT,
mxiTar
goSis
samarTliT
xelmZRvanelobda saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi somexi mosaxleoba, gansakuTrebiT
_ vaWarTa fena570.
Tu es mosazreba misaRebia, maSin saqarTvelos saeklesio krebis mier
somxuri samarTlis kanonebis ganxilva gamowveuli unda yofiliyo qarTuli
eklesiis samarTlebrivi iurisdiqciis sferoSi sxvadasxva aRmsareblobis
mqone mTeli qveynis mosaxleobis moqceviT. qarTuli saxelmwifo udgenda
Tavis moqalaqe araqarTvelebs TavianTi eTnikur-aRmsareblobiTi niSnis
Sesabamis kanonebs.
vaxtang VI-m da komisiam krebas warudgines saqarTvelos saeklesio
sakanonmdeblo krebis kanonebi, cnobili `kaTalikozTa samarTlis~ saxeliT.
`kaTalikozTa samarTali mTel saqarTveloSi moqmedi saeklesio sjuli iyo,
radgan igi damyarebuli iyo `sjulis kanonze~, romelic ZvelTaganve
moqmedebda saqarTveloSi. es kargad icoda vaxtangis sakodifikacio komisiam,
romelmac komisiis wevris saeklesio sjulmdeblobis didi mcodnis
kaTalikoz domentis dasturiT es Zegli samarTlis wignTa krebulSi Seitana,
riTac kvlav daadastura misi moqmedeba aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, marTalia,
kaTalikozTa samarTali Sedgenili iyo dasavleT saqarTveloSi, magram igi
mTeli saqarTvelos saeklesio weswyobisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Zeglia572.
i. doliZe wers _ `specialur literaturaSi kaTalikozTa kanonebs
biWvinTis saydris iadgars adareben da mas xsenebuli kanonebis damatebad
Tvlian. es azri ekuTvnis prof. al. xaxanaSvils~573. es azri al. xaxanaSvilma
gamoTqva Tavis `gujrebSi~ (1891, gv. 124-125) da werilSi -
~574. maTSi gamoTqvams imave azrs, rom biWvinTis
gujari (iadgari) warmoadgens `kaTalikozTa kanonebis~ damatebas. Tavis mxriv,
es gujari dgeboda TandaTanobiT, oTxi saukunis ganmavlobaSi da Tavisi
axlandeli saxe miiRo ara uadres XVIII saukunis pirveli meoTxedisa.
aRsaniSnavia, rom biWvinTis iadgaris mixedviT, biWvinTis saydari mefeTa
(imereTis) sakuTrebadaa miCneuli _ `saydari maTi ars~575. meore muxli icavs
taZars `didebulis, Tavadis an aznauris~ ymis mier gatexisagan. gamtexis

qoneba saydars unda darCenoda. mekobre da misi mebatone ki Zelze unda

gaesvaT. sul 27 muxlia, romlebic icavs sakaTalikosos qonebas, glexebs,
ymebs da mamuls, pirutyvs, jogs, `saydris Svilebs~, saydris `moxeleebs~,
`kaTalikosis kacs~, `zurgiT mzidav xars, sefe xars~, `moxeleTa kacs~,
`kaTalikozis yma-msaxurs~, `saydris moinales~, `biWvinTis garSemo sofelsa
da glexebs~, `agarakebs~, sxva soflebs, `metoq monastrebs~, qalaqebs, imaTSi
mcxovreb glexebs, msaxurebs, moinaleebs, `soflis kacebs~, `cols~, `qals~,
venaxs, `saydris ymebs~, ymis mejinibes, mesadiles, mwyemss, krZalavs `biWvinTis
wyalSi~ nadirobas (Tevzaobas). ramdenime muxlSi ganxilulia didebulis,
Tavadis an aznauris mier `kaTalikosis gineba~, `episkoposis cema, xelT
Sepyroba, avad gineba, upativoba~ da sxv. bolos, aRniSnulia `viTarca sxvaTa
saydarTa uCinebulesi ars biWvinTis saydari, agreTve umetesi iadgari
davdeviT da davamtkiceT mtkice brZanebiT ese~.
biWvinTis iadgari, anu gujari SesaZloa marTlac damateba iyos
`kaTalikozTa samarTlisa~, radganac zogierTi muxli, romlebic am
ukanasknelSi bundovnadaa ganmartebuli, biWvinTis iadgarSi naTladaa
gadmocemuli. magaliTad, kaTalikosTa samarTlis me-17 muxlis Tanaxmad,
kaTalikosisa da episkoposTa ginebisaTvis sasjeli asea micemuli _ `vinca
kaTalikozsa da episkopozs aginos da upatiuroba hkadros, ra rigadac
sjulis kanonSi eweros, imrigad ganipatiJos~576, magram moZebna imisa, Tu ra
ewera `sjulis kanonSi~ moiTxovda Ziebasa da Sromas, amitomac biWvinTis
iadgarSi imave danaSaulisaTvis sasjelis zoma pirdapiraa naCvenebi _ `vinca
kaTalikozsa aginos anu sacemrad waizidos, 50 glexi saydars daeurvos da
kaTalikozsa ori sisxli daeurvos didisa SexvewiTa~577. maSasadame,
damnaSaves 50 glexi saydris sasargeblod unda CamorTmeoda, piradad
kaTalikosis
sasargeblod
ki
`ori
sisxli~
unda
gadaexada.
aseve
qorepiskoposis ginebisa da upativcemulo mopyrobisaTvis damnaSaves 12 glexi
unda
CamorTmeoda
saydris
sasargeblod,
300000
TeTri
ki
TviTon
dazaralebuls unda gadascemoda. aseve ganmartebulia sxva muxlebic. Tumca
isic unda iTqvas, rom kaTalikosTa samarTlis sfero ufro zogadyovlismomcvelia, magaliTad, igi ganixilavs da debs sasjels tyveTa syidvis
da eklesiis mkrexelTa winaaRmdeg. udebs kanonsa da sasjelebs episkoposebs,
magaliTad, me-14 muxliT episkoposis mowinaaRmdege damnaSavis gasamarTlebis
Semdeg mefes evaleboda misi dasja. me-15 muxliT kaTalikosis mowinaaRmdege
episkoposs, darigebaTa Semdgomac gamousworebels, mefe saydars CamoarTmevda.
`kaTalikozTa samarTali~ ixilavs mefis moRalateTa, uRirsi mRvdlis
makurTxevelTa, cud mosamarTleTa sasjelebs. agreTve debs sasjelebs
`saydris
mamulis
gamoxumisaTvis~,
`sjulis
gamTavebelTa
da
gardamavalTaTvis~, `rZlis SerTvisaTvis~ da sxv.
rogorc aRiniSna, radganac `kaTalikozTa samarTali~ saqarTveloSi
moqmedi saeklesio sjuli iyo, igi ganixila vaxtangis komisiam da gadasca
krebas dasamtkiceblad, amitomac igi Sevida vaxtangis samarTlis wignTa
krebulSi.
vaxtangis komisiam moiZia da sjuldebiT krebas gansaxilvelad gadasca
meore sakanonmdeblo Zegli, romelic beqasa da aRbuRas samarTliTaa
cnobili. Cveni azriT, rogorc `kaTalikozTa samarTali~ warmoadgenda XVI sSi Catarebuli saeklesio krebis mier gamocemul kanonebs, aseve `beqasa da

aRbuRas~ samarTali warmoadgens Wulevis eklesiaSi Semdgar saeklesiosakanonmdeblo krebis mier Sedgenil samarTals, ukanaskneli ufro farTo
moculobisaa da, Tavis mxriv, Seicavs beqasa da aRbuRas samarTlis garda,
agreTve `bagrat kurapalatis samarTlis~ da TviTon Wulevis krebis mier
gamocemul e.w. `kanonikur samarTals~. maSasadame, Cveni fiqriT, aRbuRa
aTabag-amirspasalaris
dros
Wulevis
taZarSi
Semdgarma
saeklesiosakanonmdeblo kreba-darbazobam, daaxloebiT 1295-1304 wlebSi, moiZia da
ganixila misTvis saWiro Semdegi samarTlis wignebi: 1. bagrat kurapalatis
samarTali; 2. beqa mandaturTuxucesis samarTali; 3. aRbuRa aTabagamirspasalaris samarTali; isini daamtkica da erT samarTlis wignad Sekra,
bolos ki daurTo TviT krebis mier gamocemuli `kanonikuri samarTali~. es
samarTlis wignebi Wulevis krebam ara qronologiuri wesis mixedviT, aramed,
Cans, moqmedi samarTlebrivi sicocxlisunarianobis Sesabamisad daalaga;
rogorc aRiniSna, vaxtangis komisiam moiZia es krebuli, romelic `beqasa da
aRbuRas samarTlis~ saxeliT da ara Wulevis krebis samarTliT iyo cnobili
da gadasca vaxtang mefis karze moqmed krebas da vaxtangis samarTlis wignTa
krebulSi CarTo.
vaxtangis samarTlis wignTa krebuli agreTve Seicavs gaerTianebuli
saqarTvelos samefos RvTivgvirgvinosan mefeTa mier Sedgenil samarTlis
wignTagan SemorCenil giorgi brwyinvales `Zeglis dadebas~. es iyo
saqarTvelos mTianeTisaTvis sagangebod Sedgenili sjulmdebloba. igi
adgilobrivi xasiaTis sakanonmdeblo Zeglia, magram saqarTvelos daSlis
Semdeg
erT
dros
barisaTvis
Seuferebeli
da
Seusabamo
kanonebi,
daqveiTebuli
da
danawevrebuli
saqarTvelos
kuTxeebisaTvis
moqmed
samarTlad iqca _ `romliTa sjidnen samnive ese samefoni qarTlisani~.
vaxtangis komisiam, rogorc aRiniSna, igi CarTo Tavis samarTlis
krebulSi.
gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobisaa am krebulSi CarTuli `samarTali
batoniSvilis vaxtangisa~. mkvlevarTa erTi nawilis azriT, am krebulSi
marTalia
Setanilia
sxvadasxva
erovnuli
da
ucxo
Zegli,
magram
savaldebulo Zala mxolod sakuTriv vaxtangis kanonebs hqondaT. krebulSi
Sesuli moses, berZnul da somxur samarTals mxolod damxmare samarTlis
funqcia hqonda. TviTon vaxtangis samarTalze didi gavlena mouxdenia
bizantiur samarTals.
bizantiuri
samarTlis
gavlena
rogorc
qarTul,
ise
sxva
marTlmadidebeli qveynebis samarTalze, Turqebis mier konstantinopolis
dapyrobis Semdegac ar Sewyvetila, `piriqiT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom is
erTgvarad kidec gaZlierda. saqarTveloSi gavrcelda da gamoiyeneboda
rogorc yvelaze Zveli (siriul-romauli), ise berZnul-romauli samarTlis
erT-erTi gviandeli Zegli, rac mowmobs saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi berZnulromauli samarTlis mudmivsa da uwyvet gavlenas saqarTvelos samarTlebriv
wyobilebaze. am mxriv saqarTveloSi ganmeorda yvela is movlena, romelsac
adgili hqonda aRmosavleTis sxva marTlmadidebel qveynebSi~578. sokolskis
msgavsad, prof. al. xaxanaSvilis azriT, saqarTveloSi moqmedebda berZnuli
(e.i. bizantiuri) samarTali da didi gavlena hqonda qarTul samarTalze, maT
Soris, vaxtangis kanonebzec. al. xaxanaSvilis azriT, qarTul `sigelebSi
xSirad naxavT miTiTebebs berZenTa kanonebze~579. rogorc al. xaxanaSvili

aRniSnavs, vaxtangis samarTlis krebulSi CarTuli berZnuli samarTlis 153,

166 da 172 muxlebidan momdinareobs batonymobis mkacri xasiaTi vaxtangis
samarTlis wignis 235-e, 258-e da 259-e muxlebSi, romlebic ymis uuflebo
mdgomareobas akanonebs. al. xaxanaSvils miaCnia, rom bizantiis samarTlis
didi gavlena qarTul kulturasa da kanonmdeblobaze aisaxa vaxtangis
kanonebSi, magaliTad, misi samarTlis wignis 25-e muxlSi dakanonebuli
principi _ `mefisa da kaTalikosis saqmeorisave swori ars da aRbuRas
kanonebis 102-e muxlis norma `meore mefe episkopozi ars~ bizantiuri
samarTlis normebia. bizantiam kidev ufro meti gavlena daaCnia saqarTveloSi
qorwinebis, colqmrobis kavSirisa da ojaxis safuZvlebis ganmtkicebas~580.
rusi mecnieris m. kovalevskis azriT, `qarTuli saojaxo da saqorwilo
samarTali mTlianad nasesxebia bizantiuri kanonikuri samarTlidan. romisa
da
bizantiis
samarTalma
didi
gavlena
moaxdina
qalis
uflebriv
mdgomareobaze
qarTul
samarTalSi.
beqasa
da
aRbuRas
kanonebiT,
qurdobisaTvis
dasaxelebuli
ormagi
sazRauri
nasesxebia
romis
581
samarTlidan~ .
vaxtangis samarTlis wignTa krebulSi SesulTagan savaldebulo Zala
mxolod vaxtangis kanonebs hqondaT. germaneli mkvlevaris d. holdakis azriT,
ufro adre igive azri gamoTqva haqsthauzenma582.
al. vaCeiSvilis azriT, `vaxtangis krebulSi Sesuli sxva iuridiuli
Zeglebi dadebiTi samarTlis damxmare wyaros warmoadgendnen. moqmedi
samarTali mxolod da mxolod vaxtangis debulebiT ar amoiwureboda,
vaxtangis debuleba sargeblobda upiratesobiT, magram sasamarTlos hqonda
kompilaciis sxva normebis Sefardebis ufleba, Tu amas saWiroeba
moiTxovda~583.
iv. surgulaZe ki miiCnevda, rom `vaxtangis samarTlis wigni Sedgenili
qarTlis samefo darbazis monawileobiT moqmedebda mTel saqarTveloSi~584.
isidore doliZis azriT, XVIII da XIX saukunis sasamarTlo aqtebi
metyvelebs, rom vaxtangis samarTlis wigni moqmedi samarTali iyo, romelsac
kanonis Zala hqonda585.
vaxtangis samarTalze gavlena mouxdenia Zvel saqarTveloSi arsebul
sakanonmdeblo Zeglebs, amitomac igi qarTuli erovnuli samarTlis yvelaze
srulyofili Zegli da marTlmsajulebis ZiriTadi saxelmZRvanelo wigni iyo
gvianfeodalur saqarTveloSi586. iv. javaxiSvilis azriT, Zvel saqarTveloSi
vaxtangamdec arsebobda ucxo qveynebis sakanonmdeblo Zeglebis qarTuli
Targmanebi, maT Zveladac aerTianebdnen sxva qarTul ZeglebTan erT
krebulSi587. berZnuli da somxuri samarTlis wignebi ueWvelad winaTac
iqneboda,
maTi
arseboba
vaxtangs
ar
scodnia
da
xelaxla
gadmouqarTulebia588. d. furcelaZe sigel-gujrebis Seswavlis Semdeg mivida
daskvnamde,
rom
qarTveli
mosamarTleebi
saqmis
ganxilvisa
da
gadawyvetilebis gamotanisas sargeblobdnen vaxtangis krebulSi Setanili
berZnuli da somxuri kanonebiT589. amasve werda daviT batoniSvilic, giorgi
XIII-is Ze, qarTuli samarTlis istoriis saukeTeso mcodne590.
`samarTali
vaxtang
batoniSvilisa~
rogorc
Cans,
Tavdapirvelad,
mTavrdeboda 204-e muxliT, romelsac mosdevda bolosityvaoba. SesavalSi

vaxtangi aRniSnavs, rom igi umciresi iyo ZmaTa Soris, ineba `Tavad man
ufalman gamoavlina piriTa utyueliTa brZaneba codvilTa mowyaleba da...myo
me msajulad da gamged~ RvTismSoblis wilxvdomili qveynisa~591. vaxtangi,
rogorc aRiniSna, werda, rom samarTlis wignebi Seadgina `TanayoliTa da
mowmobiTa~ domenti IV kaTalikosisa. aseve aragvis erisTavis Svilis
mTavarepiskoposis
grigolisa
da
sxva
mitropolitis,
episkoposebis,
winamZRvrebis, sasuliero pirebis TanadgomiT. saerTod ara marto sasuliero
ierarqiis, aramed saxelmwifo darbazis TanamonawileobiTa da damtkicebiT _
`mowmobiTa da TanazraxviT yovelTa darbazis erTa CvenTaTa~592.
maSasadame, saxelmwifo darbazis sxdomebze ixileboda vaxtangis kanonebi,
romelmac sabolood miiRo igi. saxelmwifo darbazi, rogorc aRiniSna,
rodesac saeklesio sakiTxebs ixilavda da darbazobaSi monawileobda
umaRlesi ierarqia, imavdroulad warmoadgenda saeklesio krebas kaTalikosis
meTaurobiT. maSasadame, vaxtangis kanonebi miiRo saeklesio krebamac, es
kanonebi imave dros saeklesio samarTlis normebia, radganac misi mravali
muxli swored saeklesio sakiTxebs eZRvneba. sazogadod, samarTlis dadgenis
procesSi kaTalikosisa da episkoposebis monawileoba iuridiuli normaa.
magaliTad, zogierTi muxli pirdapir miuTiTebs maT Carevas, 64-e muxliT
gansazRvrulia colis mtanjveli kacis mefis mier dasja da miTiTebulia: `da
kaTalikozmac asre uyos~593. iqve miTiTebulia `is kaTalikozman icis~, muxli
65 _ `tanjva hyos kaTalikozman~, muxli 66, _ `kaTalikozman wurTniT unda
Searigos~ muxli 79 _`kaTalikozman da mefem gardaaxdevinos~, `moZRvarman
icis misi sakanoni~594. muxli 96-e `es saqme kaTalikozma da mefem didad unda
moikiTxon~, muxli 97-e `kaTalikozisagan gardaexdevineba~ da sxv. mTeli Tavi
aqvs daTmobili episkoposis sakiTxs, magaliTad, muxli 175-Si naTqvamia, rom
saqarTveloSi episkoposebis Semosavali mcirea da isini ar arian didi
qonebis patronebi, radganac `saqarTvelo Raribi da usaqonlo qveyana aris,
agre rigad arc xelmwifis Semosavali aris, verc amas episkoposis Zma da
saxlis kaci episkoposisagan iSoebs rasme misgan~595. aseve sagangebo Tavi
eZRvneba sasjels `qveynisa da rjulis RalatisTvis~. magaliTad, muxli 222-e
ambobs _ `vinc kacman qveyanas da qristes rjuls uorgulos RvTisa da
batonis orisav mesisxle iqnebis~596.
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania vaxtangis samarTalSi mocemuli pativis
normebi, romliTac saeklesio pirebi mikuTvnebulni arian qveynis sxvadasxva
ierarqiul fenas. magaliTad, 25-e muxlis Tanaxmad _`mefisa da kaTalikozis
saqme, ukadrisi Tu rac ram feri, orisave swori aris, imitom rome erTi
xorcis xelmwife aris da meore sulisa, kurTxeva da pativic RvTisagan da
kacTagan swore aqvT maTi saqme Cven swored dagviweria~. 26-e muxliT
mTavarepiskoposi pativiT gaTanabrebulia didebul TavadTan, 27-e muxliT
episkoposi pativiT gaTanabrebulia Sua TavadTan; 28-e muxliT arqimandritis
pativi gaTanabrebulia mesame xarisxis TavadTan; winamZRvaris pativi tolia
gadidebuli aznaurisa, mRvdel-monazvnis pativi Sua aznaurTan aris
gaTanabrebuli, mRvdlis pativi _ calmogvi aznauris pativis tolia (III
xarisxis aznauri, romelic utoldeba meore xarisxis vaWars). mTavardiakvnis
pativi msaxuris pativis tolia, romelic utoldeba mesame xarisxis vaWars.
(mitropolitis sisxli mTavarepiskoposis sisxlis mexuTeds Seadgens)597.

vaxtangis kanonebi XIX s-is dasawyisSic ki gamoiyeneboda saqarTveloSi

rusuli mmarTvelobis nebiT, amitomac mis, rogorc imperiis erT kuTxeSi
moqmedi samarTlis mimarT xelisufleba interess iCenda. igi iTargmna
rusulad da 1828 wels gamoica peterburgSi mmarTveli senatis mier.
frangulad igi Targmna mari brosem XIX s-is 30-ian wlebSi. 1887 wels meore
rusuli gamocema ganaxorciela d. baqraZem q. TbilisSi. frangi rodolf
darestis TqmiT, vaxtangis kanonebi `erT-erTi yvelaze saintereso Zeglia
samarTlis istoriaSi~598. igi warmoadgens ara mxolod samoqalaqo, aramed
saeklesio samarTlis erT-erT wyaros, amitomac misi Seqmna SemuSavebis
droidan dRemde saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis mkvlevarTa Seswavlis
obieqts warmoadgens.

samarTali batonisSvilis vaxtangisa

[amokrebili muxlebi]
q. myofisa umyofisa, arsisa da uarsisa damaarsisa, mqebi, araTu Rirsad da
SeZlebisa Cemisaebr mqebeli da mmonebeli, udebad mqone mpovnel viqmen.
viTarca mefeni, dRiTi-dRe mrevelni elTa margalitTa Sina, da hpoeben
mZivTa raTame, da uxilvelobisaTvis aRiReben da STasdeben saunjed,
patiosanTa SemkobiT upatiosned margalitTa hyofen, egreTve ufalman Cvenman,
mbadman yovelTaman da sibrZniT gamgebelman, mpova margalitTa Sina mravalTa
da aRmiRo msgavsad misa amis meca egreTve, _ umcires viyav me ZmaTa CemTa
Soris da umrwmes saxlisa Cemisa, da vmwysidi Tavsa Cemsa ugunurad da
Tavedad, elni Cemni iyvnen moqmed araris keTilisa, da TiTni Cemni vera
romelsa iSromebden nebasa uflisasa, aramed iyvnen uqm. vinme miuTxra esodeni
borotni Cemni ufalsa Cemsa.
xolo Tavadman ufalman gamoavlina piriTa utyueliTa bZaneba, codvilTa
mowyaleba, da aRmiRo me unarCevesobasa saxlisa Cemisagan da myo me msajulad
da ganmged wildomilTa queyanaTa ubiwod mSobelisa dedisa Tvisisa araTu

qmnilebaTa raTame keTilTa CemTaTvis, aramed unarCevesobisa CemisaTvis,

amisTvismca, raTa scnan yovelTa, raTa uswavlelTa da umecarTagan sTnavs da
nebavs srulmyofelsa R Tsa maradis gonebakeTilisa.
iyo queyana ese qarTlisa yovliTurT keTiliTa Semkul da Sezavebul,
xolo cvalebiTa dReTa da viTarebiTa JamTaTa TviT sibrZniT da TaviT
TvisiT sjiden da ganagebden, vieTnime moyusobiT, vieTnime megobrobiT,
vieTnime moridebiT, vieTnime R Tis uridvelobiT da vieTnime miRebiTa
qrTamiTa, _ viTarca enebaT, sjiden.
xolo Cven, nebiTa R TisaTa da wyalobiTa didis elmwifisaTa,
pirveliTganve zeciT saqarTvelos mefed gankuTnilisa da aw sasufevel caTa
Sina sulbrwyinulad manaTobelisa, pirvel vaxtang wodebulisa, xolo
Semdgomad sparsTa eniTa Sahnavaz mobilisa,
Zisa misisa, sruliad qeba-SemsgavsebiT Zniad misaTxrobelisa qarTvelTa
mefisa da eranelTa sfadar-spasalarisa, amilbar-spaspetisa, uTvalavisa da
uamravis spisa da laSqris mewinaved Cenilisa, uvneblad da mterze ZleviT
maarebelisa, yandaarisa da qirmanis beglarbegisa, giriSqisa da hailaTis
mWiravisa, Zlierisa da uZlevelisa, pirvel giorgi wodebulisa da aw maRlis
elmwifisagan wyalobiT meore SahnavazobiT mobilisa,
magierad myofman, Zeman eranis mdivanbegis levan mobilisa, aw Sahyulixan
wodebulisaman, saqarTvelos janiSinman da gamgebelman batoniSvilman
patronman vaxtang, winaTqmulTa amisTvis viwadeT sasamarTlosa wignisa
aRwera.
pirvel `dabadebisa~, moses mier qmnili samarTalni, da kvalad berZenTa
da somexTa wignTagan gardmoTargmnebuli, egreTve kaTalikozisa, mefis
giorgisa da beqas ganCinebuli samarTlebi SevkribeT da ese yoveli zemore
werebulman gamcnosT.
xolo eseca scanT, iguleT da igulismodgineT, da romelic genebosT da
umjobes giCndesT, miT sjideT da samarTalsa iqmodeT.
aw viwyoT ganaCenisa amis, Cven mier aRwerilisaTvis.
romelni ixilavT da ismenT, nuravin hgonebT, TviT mxolod TaviT TvisiT
rasame vyofdeT, aramed TanayoliTa da mowmeobiTa mRdel-mTavrisa da didis
dedaqalaqisa mcxeTisa da kvarTsa zedan sauflosa svetisa R Tiv
aRmarTebulisa da miron-aRmocenebulis, saWed-mpyrobelisa da arissa zedan
mtkiced mdgomelisa, Zmisa Cvenisa, batoniSvilis kaTalikozis domentisiTa,
egreTve
TanadgomiTa
aragvis
erisTviSvilis
mTavarebiskopozis
grigoliTi da sxvaTa mitrapolit-ebiskopoz-winamZRvarTa da samRrToganTaTa,
da mowmeobiTa da TanazraxviTa muxranis batonis erekleTi, aragvis
erisTavis
giorgiTa,
qsnis
erisTvis
daviTisiTa,
orbeliZe
sardris
luarsabiTa, amilaxoris avTandiliTa, mdivanbegis erastiTa da sxvaTa
yovelTa darbazis erTa CvenTaTa,
da kiTxviTa WkuaTa myofelTa da moxucebulTa kacTaTa gavaCineT da
davwereT, romelsa mivwvdiT da anu gonebani Cvenni samarTalTa mixudnen.
amiT ufro viqmeniT mizez wignisa amis, rameTu aRaravin gandrikos
sasworsa samarTlisasa qrTamiT, gina moyusobiT anu sxvefriv riTme
midgomiTa, aramed pirvel ganaCenni ixilon, da axali eseca, da romelic
enebos mosamarTlesa, miT iqmodes samarTalsa.

me es wigni asre ar damiweria da arca viCemeb, rome ara akldes ra. bevri
aseTi saCivrebi aris da mova, rome zogi ver movigoneT da arc miswudebis
kacis goneba.
vinc mixudes rasme da moigonos, CaurTos da Casweros, kargsa da
marTebuls iqs.
25. mefisa da kaTalikozis saqme, ukadrisi Tu rac ram feri, orisave
swori aris, amitom rome erTi orcis elmwife aris da meore sulisa,
kurTxeva da pativic R Tisagan da kacTagan swore aqvT. dastur, mefes
ufross pativs scemen, magrame orcielis SiSiT iqmonen. amitom maTi saqme
Cven swored dagviweria. Tu ara sjobdes, vinc ukeT icodes, Cven nuras
gvabralebs, iman daweros.
numca vin ikadrebs da numca vis DSeemTxvevis eseviTari, romeli avnebs
orcsa da umetesad sulsa, nuca samRTo kacisa da nuca sxvaTa ZeTa
adamisaTa, _ romelsa me vmob, eseviTari.
nu Tu pirveliTganve samoTxidam pirvelisa mamis, adamis, gamomZebelman,
dauZinebelman, maradis mbrZolman da mterman, uxilavman eSmakman TvisiTa
manqanebiTa da sabre-gebiTa aRZras bunebani kacTani Surad da kulad
kacisad, gina saRmToganTa zedan, gina Tu didebulTa da Tavadsa zedan anu
Tu aznaurTa da glexTa zedan, anu Tu mama Zesa da Ze mamazeda, gina Zma
Zmazeda da moyuasi moyuaszeda, - eseviTars saqmes SeemTxvios, mas ukan amis
meti aRara gaewyobis ra, rogorc dagveweros, asre unda iqnas.
26. didebulis Tavadis mTeli sikudilis sisxli aTas xuTas
ocdaTequsmeti Tumani. am didebulis Tavadis tolad mTavarebiskopozis
sisxli. am mTavarebiskopozis sisxlze mexuTed naklebad mitropolitis
sisxli.
27. didebuls quemoTis, Suas Tavadis sisxli Svidas samocdarva Tumani.
amasTan, asre didebulis saxlis kacis sisxli. amasTan, asre ebiskopozis
sisxli.
28. amas quemoTs, mesames Tavadis sisxli samas oTxmocdaoTxi Tumani.
amasTan, asre arqimandritis sisxli.
29. gadidebulis aznauris sisxli as oTxmocdaTormeti Tumani. amasTan
asre winamZRvris sisxli.
30. amas quemoTis, Suas aznauris sisxli oTxmocdaTequsmeti Tumani.
amasTan, asre mRdel-monoznis sisxli. amasTanve, amis mexuTed sisxldaklebiT, _ mwiris monoznisa. am Suas aznauris mTelis sisxlis toladve
didebulis didvaWris moqalaqis sisxli.
31. calmogvis, mesames aznauris sisxli ormocdarva Tumani, amasTan, asre
mRvdlis sisxli. amasTan didebulis vaWris quemoTis, meores vaWris
sisxli.
32. amasTan, asre daklebiT, msaxuris sisxli ocdaoTxi Tumani. amasTan
mTavar-diakvnis sisxli. amasTan Suas vaWris quemoT, mesames vaWris sisxli.
64. magram kaci rom cols stanjvides da upatiurad epyrobodes, da
urigos uSurebodes, mefem is kaci daabas, datuqsos, avad miepyras da
kaTalikozmac asre uyos.
sxva amas garda Tu ram col-qrmobaSi urigo ram modes, is kaTalikozman
icis.

65. Tu colman qmari moklas anu wamliT anu, sxva riTme, gasinjeT,
risTvis mouklavs. Tu aseTi ram eqnas, rom emarTlebodes, Tqven iciT; da Tu
ubralo mokla, egec Tqven iciT. R Tn nu qnas, da Tu Cvens JamSi moda, Cven
viciT.
Tu colman qmars an sces, an daWras, didi gvema da tanjva uyos
kaTalikozman.
66. coli da qmari ragind sZulden erTmaneTsa, ubralod gayra ar iqnebis,
kaTalikozma wurTniT unda Searigos.
79. agreve modeba, ded-mamaSi sxvac ram umarTebulo modes. Tu gamoCndes,
kaTalikozma da mefem gardaadevinos; Tu ar gamoCndes, moZRvarma icis misi
sakanono.
106. sasaflao, xati, jvari, saydris mamuli erTia. Tu ar gahyofen, isi
sjobs, saydris ymasa.
[ebiskopozis beiTalmalisa asre iqnas] 175. ebiskopozis beiTalmali Cvens
mixdomaSi srulobiT saydrisa unda iyos, magrame viTac saqarTvelo Raribi
da usaqonlo queyana aris, agre rigad arc elmwifis Semosavali aris, verc
aras ebiskopozis Zma da saxlis kaci ebiskopozisagan iSoebs rasme misgan,
rome ebiskopozis damarxva SeiZlos, amitom uwinac ase yofila garigebuli da
aRarc Cven movSaleT.
asre iqnebodes. romelic saydris rigi da iaraRi ebizkopozs iq
daxudomia, imas gardais kidev Tu TviTon Tavis JamSi an Tavis kondakiT da an
saydris mamulidam saydrisaTvis gaukeTebia ram da Seuwiravs, is saydars ar
moeSlebis.
da imaT gareTad Tu ram darCebis TeTri, farCa, vercxli, puri, Rvino da
pirutyui, imisgan erTi wili saelmwifo aris, erTi wili saydrisa, erTi
wili ebiskopozis Zmebisa, rom ebiskopozi damarxon.
[bolosityvaoba]. q. TviT, TaviT TvisiT aRmometyueli wignisa amis
samsajulosa da momRebeli winaSe yovelTa myofTa da yofadTa, Ze mefeTa da
ganmgebeli qarTvelTa erTa, batoniSvili vaxtang, kualad vityvi Tquenda.
eha, warCinebulno da R Tisa erTuflebisa da samTviTebis gulmurvlad
madidebelno
da
Seuorgulebulno
sakuTarno
mamano,
kaTalikozno,
ebiskopozno, mitrapolitno, winamZRvarno, mRrdelno da sxvano samRrToganno,
da Semdgomad Cvenda mefeno, ufliswulno, didebulno, Tavadno, aznaurno da
yovelno myofno qarTlisano, romelni hgiebT da kvalad sxvani egebodeT, da
ixilevdeT naRvawTa da werebulTa wignTa amaT sasamarTloTa, Cven mier
TqmulTa da Tqvenda momarT moRebulsa, pirvelve dasawyisman wignisa
amisamanve gamcnosT da munve mogiTxrasT, Tu viTar mizez veqmeniT aRwerad
TviToeulad samarTalTa.
friadiTa SromiTa da mravlisa gamomeZieblobiTa TviT vigulismodgineT.
romelsa zedan mowmoba darTes erTa CvenTa srulobiT samRrToTa da gina
samedroTaman, brZenman da monaxulman, yovelmanve erTbamad. da ese esreT ars
Semzadebuli.
xolo sxvanic zemore xsenebulni wignebi sasamarTloni didTa samefoTani,
moviZieT da moviReviT, da mravlis sasjeliTa vidre welTa meoredmde

gardmovTargmneT. da iginica uklebelad aRgviweries da ars Semkobili

yovlisa samarTliTa.
aramed, vinaTgan qarTvelTa wesni da qcevani sxva rame ars da ara mihgavs
sxvaTa queyanisa rigTa da qceulebaTa, sxva ars didebuli da Tavadi, sxva
ars sisxli da sikudili, sxva ars Ralati da ukadrisi, amad eseviTarisa
samarTalni sxvaTa ganaCenTa Sina moklebiT ipoebis da maTi wigni ufros
Cvenda umar ars.
nu siqadulad SemiracxavT, da vgonebT umjobesad yovelTasa wignsa amas,
sasargeblod queyanisa amisad. amad nuravin sZulobs da iundovebs.
aw
viajebi
yoelTa
da
isminon
ese.
romelman
brZenman
da
gulismismyovelman msajulman da mosamarTleman aRmokveTisaTvin qrTamTa da
miudgomlobisTvin
moyuasTa
da
Tvaluxvavad
sjaTa
wvrTilebisaTvin
imZulvaroT wigni ese da moiZagoT, da ineboT Secvla samarTalTa sxvebr
raTme, amas nu hyofT, nuca garyvniT werilTa CvenTa, romeli aRgveweros.
aramed romelman umjobesi sibrZniT TvisiT hpoos, igi CarTviT, Tvisve
Tqmulad, sad enebos, mun daweros da igic egos.
xolo romelman ara isminos vedreba ese da moSalos samarTlebi Cveni,
sxvebr Secvalnes, codvaTa CvenTa mier igimca daisjebis.
222. q. vinc kacma queyanas da qristes rjuls uorgulos, kidec xedevdes,
imiT rjuli wadebodes, imas miyues, _ R Tisa da batonisa orisav mesisxle
iqnebis da yoveli avi imaze marTebuli aris599.

8. Tbilisis III saeklesio krebis `kanonni~ (16.XI.1748 w.)

1748 wlis 16 noembers mefe Teimurazis Zis erekle II-is brZanebiT mowveul
iqna saeklesio kreba. es kreba warmoadgenda cdas aRdgeniliyo Zveli
qarTuli saeklesio-saxelmwifoebrivi wesrigi. saqme is iyo, rom 1632 wlidan
vidre 1744 wlamde sparsTa mier gauqmebuli iyo qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis

erovnuli saxe, qarTl-kaxeTs marTavdnen mahmadiani mmarTvelebi. erovnulqristianuli

saeklesio-samoqalaqo
erToba,
romelsac
ZvelqarTuli
saxelmwifoebrioba efuZneboda, moispo. qarTlis mahmadiani mmarTvelebi
`mSvidobiani cxovrebis~ niRbiT faravdnen erovnul-qarTuli suliskveTebis
daTrgunvasa da Cakvlas. `SeeriaT qarTvelTa gancxroma, sma-Wama yizilbaSuri,
siZva, mruSoba, tyuvili, xorcTa gansveneba, abano, keklucoba ugvani, meCange,
mgosani. rameTu ama saqmeTa moqmedTagan kide aravis scemdnen pativsa~
yizilbaSnio, _ wers vaxuSti batoniSvili. erovnuli tradiciebis Sinagani
rRveva
represiebze
ufro
metad
saSiS
movlenas
warmoadgenda
qarTvelebisaTvis600.
qarTveloba gadagvarda, eklesiam dakarga Zveli saxelmwifoebrivi
funqciebi da xalxis zneobazec gavlenas veRar axdenda. qveyana gairyvna,
erovnuloba Seirya. qarTvelebma icodnen, rom mironcxebuli (e.i. qristiani)
mefis taxtze asvla yvela am ubedurebas bolos mouRebda imiT, rom qarTuli
saxelmwifo erovnul xasiaTs daibrunebda.
SemuSavda sagangebo programa
saqarTvelos `gamoxsnisa da aRdgomisa~, yvelaze mowinave Zalebi Cveni
qveynisa `gamoxsnis~ qveS gulisxmobdnen mahmadianuri saxelmwifoebis
uRlisagan
saqarTvelos
gaTavisuflebas
da
erovnul-qristianuli
saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgenas, xolo `aRdgomis~ qveS igulisxmeboda didi
saqarTvelos aRdgena `darubandidan nikofsiamde~ (e.i. gamahmadianebuli
mesxeTis, saingilosa da afxazeTis dedasamSoblos wiaRSi dabruneba).
marTlac, aswlovanma moRvaweobam Tavisi Sedegi gamoiRo. 1744 wlis 1
oqtombers akurTxes qarTlis qristiani mefe Teimurazi, sveticxovelSi. esaa
ubednieresi TariRi qarTuli erisa da eklesiis aTaswlovan cxovrebaSi.
rogorc iTqva, mahmadianTa mmarTvelobisas yovelmxriv (sulierad da
ekonomikurad) dauZlurda qarTuli eklesia. saWiro iyo saqmis swrafi
gamosworeba, risTvisac didad uRvawia Cvens udides patriarqs anton I
kaTalikoss. Cans, igi ramdenime wlis manZilze amzadebda saeklesio krebas.
1748 wels, qristian mefeTa taxtis adRgenidan sul male, Sedga saeklesio
kreba qalaq TbilisSi. krebis mizani Cans gamocemul kanonebSi, krebam aRniSna:
`vinaidgan pirvel amaTsa warmarTni mefeni flobdes qarTvelTa, ranTa, kaxTa
da yovlobiTad ersa RmrTisasa da qristes cxovarTa ara avlendes wrfelad
mwvanilovansa, aramed aZovebdes ekalTa da kurosTavTa zeda da amaT mizezTa
mier naTlad sja da sjulis xedva mifarul iyo da umecarTa werilisaTa
ganryvnil iyo da dakninebul kanuni da wesi eklesiisa~601.
e.i. aqamde `warmarTi~ (igulisxmeba mahmadiani) mefeebi flobdnen qarTlkaxeTs, isini `qristes cxovarT~ (e.i. qristianebs, qarTvelebs) mwvane saZovars
ki ar aZovebdnen, aramed nar-ekals, amis gamo gairyvna kanoni da saeklesio
wesi, gonebac dabnelebuli iyo (`naTlad sja~) saRmrTo werilis arcodnis
gamoo.
`maSin RmrTis msaxurman mefeman, yovlad sanatrelman patriarqman, wmidaTa
mitropolitTa, arqiepiskoposTa, arqimandritTa da mRvdelTa sulisa
mxurvalebiTa moiRes pirvelad mtkice brZaneba wmidis saxarebisa da
samociqulosa kanunisa da wmidaTa SvidTa msoflioTa krebaTa da wamebiTa
maTiTa
aRavses nakluvaneba eklesiisa, daamtkices da daaweses kanuni ese
27~602.

aRsaniSnavia, rom es kreba saqarTvelos eklesias xazgasmiT uwodebs

`samociqulo eklesias~. erekle mefemo, nabrZanebia am ZeglSi, `Semokribna
mwyemsni sityvierTa kravTani mtkicesa Sina qalaqsa tfilisisa, saRmrToTa
samsjelmmarTebelsa
palatsa
Sina
yovelTa
Txemisa
samociqulosa
1
eklesiisai~ .
eklesiam aRniSna Tavisi marTlmadidebluri mimarTuleba imiT, rom aRiara
mxolod Svidi msoflio krebis avtoriteti, kaTolikuri eklesia aRiarebs
ara Svid, aramed gacilebiT ufro meti krebis avtoritets, radganac X-XVII
saukuneebSi, erTobis droindeli Svidi msoflio krebis Semdeg kaTolikur
samyaroSi Catarda mravali gaerTianebuli kreba, romelTac kaTolikeni
`msoflio~ krebad moixsenieben. 1748 wlis saeklesio krebis mier, rogorc
aRiniSna, mxolod Svidi saeklesio krebis damowmeba qarTuli eklesiis wmida,
marTlmadideblur tradiciul mimarTulebaze miuTiTebda.
miuxedavad Sinagani marTlmadidebluri bunebisa, kreba qarTul eklesias
`samociqulos~ uwodebs. saqme isaa, rom sityva `samociqulo~ Tavis TavSi
Seicavs Rrma saeklesio-iuridiul datvirTvas. Zvelad samociqulo eklesia
Tavisi iurisdiqciis qveS myofi teritoriis mTel mkvidr mosaxleobas Tavis
samwysod ganixilavda, e. i. miaCnda, rom nebismieri moqalaqe, mis samwysoSi
Semavali, unda SeerTeboda im sarwmunoebriv aRmsareblobas, romelsac
mociqulis mier naqadagebad Tvlida. saqarTvelos magaliTze es aseT saxes
iRebda: saqarTveloSi mociqulTa da mociqulTa swori wmida ninos mier
marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoeba miiRo mTelma mosaxleobam, anu qarTvelma
erma, SemdgomSi JamTa viTarebisa da mterTa Semosevebis gamo saqarTvelos
eklesiis am samwysoSi, anu qarTuli mosaxleobis erT nawilSi ucxo
eklesiebma gaavrceles ucxo sarwmunoebani (magaliTad, monofizitoba,
kaTolikoba, mahmadianoba), mosaxleobis am ukve aramarTlmadideblur
nawilsac qarTuli eklesia Tavis samwysod miiCnevda Tavisi samociquloobis
gamo da Tvlida, rom mas ufleba hqonda emuSava qarTvel kaTolikeebTan,
mahmadianebTan, grigorianebTan, warmarTebTan, raTa isini dabrunebodnen
mociqulTa mier naqadageb sarwmunoebas, Tavis dedaeklesias. maSasadame,
marTlmadideblobas.
es
termini
(`samociqulo~)
saeklesio-iuridiul
datvirTvas Seicavda da `samociqulod~ wodebiT saqarTvelos eklesia mTel
mkvidr mosaxleobas, anu mTel ers sarwmunoebrivi orientaciis miuxedavad
Tavis kanonier samwysod Tvlida.
1748 wlis krebis kanonSi `patriarqi antoni~ Tavis Tavs `sruliad
saqarTvelos msajulvels~ uwodebs603. marTlac, qarTlis kaTalikosi,
rogorc wina saeklesio krebebis (magaliTad, `samarTali kaTalikosTa~)
ganxilvidan Cans, sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiis upirvelesi sasuliero
msajuli, kanonmdebeli iyo. xelrTvebSic antoni Tavis Tavs aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos kuTxeebTan erTad `samcxe-saaTabagosa da yovlisa qvemo
saqarTvelosa~ patriarqs uwodebs604. ucxour (berZnul) wyaroebSi afxazeTis,
anu dasavleT saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos `qvemo iberiis saarqiepiskoposo~
ewodeba, msgavsadve qarTul sabuTebSic dasavleT saqarTvelos `qvemo iveria~,
anda `qvemo saqarTvelo~ ewodeba, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos ki `zemo~. antoni
Tavis Tavs aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTvelosa da rac yuradsaRebia, im
dros ukve gamahmadianebuli samcxe-saaTabagos patriarqs uwodebs. mizezi
amisa iyo is, rom `samociqulo~ qarTuli eklesiis meTauri Tavis samwysod

Tvlida gamahmadianebul qarTvelebsac da iRvwoda maTi dedaeklesiis wiaRSi

dabrunebisaTvis.
krebis mier gamocemul kanonTa 1-6 muxlebi exeba eklesiis mowyobasa da
wirva-locvis momzadebis wesrigis dacvas. 7-16 muxlebi Seexeba mRvdelTa
garegnuli
da
zneobrivi
saxis
dacvas.
17-19
muxlebi
miTiTebaa
episkoposebisadmi saeklesio wesrigis dacvis Sesaxeb, 20-24 muxlebi exeba
qorwinebis sakiTxebs, 25-e muxli exeba naTlobis sakiTxs, 26-e muxli Seexeba
saeklesio mamulebis saqmes, 27-e muxli Seexeba zvarakis (cxvris, pirutyvis)
dakvlis akrZalvas eklesiis SemogarenSi. saerTod, aRsaniSnavia, rom es
kanonebi SemuSavebulia rusul eklesiaSi miRebuli Targis Sesabamisad.
magaliTad, me-4 muxli krZalavs trapezis `kedelsa zeda aRkvras~, maSin roca
ZvelqarTul
patara
zomis
eklesiebSi
sakurTxevlis
simciris
gamo
mouxerxebeli iyo trapezis Sua adgilas (`saSualos zeda~) dafuZneba da
pirdapir adgamdnen aRmosavleT kedels. rusul eklesiaSi msgavsi praqtika ar
arsebobda, amitomac krebam qarTul eklesiaSic akrZala. 27-e muxliT
aikrZala zvarakis dakvla eklesiis ezoSi, maSin roca aRmosavleTis
qristianul eklesiebSi miRebuli iyo cxovelis dakvla, Sesabamisi locvac ki
arsebobda, saqme isaa, rom es zvaraki miiCneoda ara RvTisadmi Sesawirad,
aramed eklesiisadmi da RvTisadmi pativiscemis gamosaxatavad da Senawirad
(iseve, rogorc, vTqvaT, Senawiri iyo fuli, sanTeli, naWeri da sxv.). msoflio
eklesiisa da am SemTxvevaSi rusuli praqtikisaTvis ucxo iyo es uZvelesi
eklesiis qristianuli gadmonaSTi _ 1748 wels krebamac akrZala. amis msgavsi
sxva magaliTebic aris.
krebis mier gamocemul kanonebs, romelTac TavianTi mniSvneloba dResac
ar daukargavs, xels aweren erekle mefe kaxeTisa da `mmarTveli qarTlisa~,
anton kaTalikosi, amba alaverdeli episkoposi, mcxeTeli (samTavroeli)
episkoposi da goris motropoliti, tfileli, xornabujeli (qiziyeli),
ninowmideli,
mroveli,
nekres-gremeli,
wilkneli,
kawareli,
urbneli,
xargisTvaleli,
samTavneli,
Werem-qalaqeli
episkoposebi,
qvaTaxevis
arqimandriti, kaxTa mefis karis winamZRvari, qarTlis mefis karis winamZRvari,
`didi eklesiis~ (albaT, sveticxovlis) ikonomosi, xeli moaweres patriarqis
moZRvarma da mefis xucesma, kaxTa mefis dekanozma, alaverdis eklesiis
dekanozma.
saerTod, 1748 wlis kreba es iyo samagaliTo, saCvenebeli, didi kreba,
romelic Rrma Seswavlas moiTxovs. es kreba cdilobda ruis-urbnisisa da
Zveli qarTuli krebebis kanonSemoqmedebisa da sisavsis restavracia-aRdgenas,
amasTanave, cdilobda rusul eklesiaSi danergili praqtikis gadmoRebasac.
Tedo Jordania wers am krebis Sesaxeb: `kreba gaixsna anton kaTalikosis
palatebSi, damswreTa Soris iyo erekle meore, krebis dros magidaze esvena
cxovelmyofeli jvarpatiosani, wmida saxareba da sjuliskanoni. krebis
Sedegs mematiane mokled, magram naTlad gadmogvcems, rom `ganarCives da
aRmofxvres yovelive uwesod qcevani da daudves mociqulT da mRvdelmTavarT
kanoni sjuli mtkice da Seuryeveli qristianobisa, romelsa mogiTxrobT
wmida kanoni maTi~... mematiane miuTiTebs agreTve eparqiaTa raodenobasa (15
yofila, rva qarTlSi da Svidi kaxeTSi) da maTi sazRvrebis dadgenaze,
rogorc Cans, Znelbedobis Jams daqvrivebuli eparqiebi ganaxlda da krebis
mere ar darCa arc erTi, Tavisi episkoposi rom ar hyoloda. RvTismsaxurebis
gaumjobesebisa da sxvadasxva naklovanebaTa aRmofxvrisaTvis brZolaSi

saukeTeso saSualebad miiCnies stambis gaxsna da saRvTismetyvelo wignebis

beWdva. krebam didi Sroma gaswia im stambis mosaZieblad, romelic vaxtang
meeqvsem Camoatanina vlaxeTidan (1709), magram, romelic droTa ganmavlobaSi
saqarTvelodan ruseTSi aRmoCnda. gansakuTrebiT gaisarja kaTalikosi, mas
mefec daexmara, stamba gamarTes da dabeWdili wignebiTY`aivso qarTlio~,
wers mematiane. aq daibeWda yvela saRvTismetyvelo wigni, garda Tvenisa da
sadResaswaulosa. am stambidan gamosul zogierT wigns saeklesio wirvalocvebis dros vxmarobdiT Cven XX s. 70-80-ian wlebSic. stamba arsebobda
1795 wlamde. vidre sparseTis Sahma aRa-mahmad-xanma ar daangria Tbilisis
dapyrobis dros.
am krebis erTgvar gagrZelebas warmoadgens meore kreba, romelic
kaTalikosma moiwvia mcxeTaSi 1749 wlis dekemberSi, rogorc Cans, kreba
moulodnelad Catarda da moiwvies is mRvdelmTavrebi, vinc erekles meuRlis,
dedofal anas dakrZalvas eswrebodnen. amjerad Tavyrilobis mizezi iyo is
qristianuli wesCveulebani, ramac Tavi iCina dedoflis datirebisa da
dasaflavebis dros da Seavso pirveli krebis dadgenilebani. mematiane
mokled SeniSnavs: `iqmna wmida kreba da aRmofxvres qarTlisa qveyanisagan
saqme yoveli ujero, wmidaman patriarqman antonim ganmarTna gandrekileba da
winaaRmdegi sjulisa, tirili da ujero kerpuri glova yovelive daayenes~.
aRniSnul krebaze gansakuTrebuli yuradReba mieqca xalxis zneCveulebebis
ganwmendas, garda amisa, Zveli qarTuli saeklesio kanonebis Tanaxmad kvlav
daaweses didi jarima imaT winaaRmdeg, vinc miRebul wesdebas uaryofda~605.

[kanonni 1748 wlis saeklesio krebisa]

[sruli teqsti]
[1] saTnoyofiTa RmrTisa yovelTa mbadisaTaiqvel-gulsmodgina rtoman
daviTisaman, RmrTiv-cxebulisTeimuraz mefis Zeman irakli pankrationman,
kaxTa mefeman, ganmgebelman qarTlisaman, xolo TT vidreme RmrTiTa
pinaqsul sjulebTa marTl-meaRsareman aRaxuna gonebis cis naTlis bWeni da
wadierebis RrubliTa Semokribna mwyemsni sityvierTa kravTani mtkicesa Sina

qalaqsa
tfilisisa,
saRmrToTasamsjelm-marTebelosa
palatsa
Sina,
yovelTa Txemisa samociqulos eklesiisaTa, Tan-Tnebo-zraxva-jer-CinebiTa
yovlad sanatrelsa, TT misve sadaviTos sqesiTisa mefis Zis antoni
patriarqisaTa, sruliad saqarTvelos msajulvelisaTa, romelTa saukunomca
arian kurTxevani;
vinadgan pirvel amaTsa warmarTni mefeni flobdes qarTvelTa, ranTa,
kaxTa da yovlobiTad ersa RmrTisasa da qristes cxovarTa ara avlendes
wrfelad mwvanvilovansa, aramed aZovebdes ekalTa da kurosavTa zeda; da
amaT mizezTa mier naTlad sja da sjuls-xedva mifarul iyo da umecrebiTa
werilisaTa ganryunil iyo da dakninebul kanuni da wesi eklesiisa.
maSin RmTis msaxurman mefeman, yovlad sanatrelman patriaqman, wmidaTa
mitropolitTa,
arqiepiskoposTa,
arqimanditTa
da
mRdelTa
sulisa
mxurvalebiTa, miiRes pirvelad mtkice brZaneba wmidisa saxarebisa da
samociqulos kanunisa da wmidaTa SvidTa msoflioTa krebaTa, da wamebiTa
maTiTa aRavses naklulevaneba eklesiisa, daamtkicnes da dawernes kanuni ese
kz Tav-Taveoanad, Tvesa noenmbersa ig, dResa kviriakesa, qristes aqeT aTas
Sdas ormocdarva:
[2]1. uflis qristes sZalsa, eklesiis Sina wmida trapezsa zeda, Tnier
saxarebisa, samkveTlosa, odikisa da juaris, nuravin xel-yofs Jamis-wirvad.
2. ityvis wmida ese RmrTiv kreba, raTa aqundes sakurTxevelsa kankels,
samni karni: saSual, imer da amier, romel ese friad jer-ars. da kulad
simciris da iwroebisaTs eklesiisa, orni oden qmnan karni. xolo erTisa
karisa qmnas nuravin ikadrebs, rameTu ujero ars da uSver saqme ese. xolo
kankeli SeZlebisaebr, romlisaca risme qmnan nivTisa.
3. odes iqmnes JamTagan daZvelebuli da daglejili wmida odiki, gina
damwvari cecxliTa saSual anu kerZo misi, gina gardaufareblad da SiSvlad
iyos wmida trapezi, amaT mizezTa mier wmida msxverplis Sewirva
dagviyenebia.
4. ama krebisa Semdgomad vamcnebT yovelTa marTlmorwmuneTa qristianeTa:
ukueTu vinme inebon gulsmodginebiT aRSeneba RmrTisa eklesiisa, jer-ars
maTda, raTa wmida trapezi sakurTxevels saSuals zeda daafuZnon, raTa
gare Semouvliden mRdelni, xolo kedelsa zeda aRkrva wmidis trapezisa
ujero ars da nuravin ikadrebs.
5. vamcnebT episkoposTa sityvierTa cxovarTasa, raTa umecarni werilisani
sadiakonni da samRdeloni, romelTa ara uwyoden wakiTxva keTilad wmidisa
saxarebisa, samociqulos ebistolisa, kurTxevnisa da kondakisa, ara miiRon
maT zeda kurTxeva da niWi sulisa wmidisa, romel-ese sruliad gangvigdies,
rameTu viTar egebis umecarTagan msaxureba wmidisa trapezisa.
6. Jamsa wmidisa Jamis-wirvisasa, ukeTu oden ara aqvndes mRdelsa sanTeli
aRsanTebelad da sakmeveli kmevad, nu ikadreben wirvad, aramed daecados.
[3] 7. ukeTu oden ipovnen mRdelni eklesiisani, saeriskacoTa mokliTa
samosliTa mosilni aRkvarTulad, ganiwvarTnen episkoposisagan, rameTu friad
uSvereba ars maTda da Rirs arian kicxevisa.
8. qalaqTa Sina, gina sofelTa Sina, anu simravlesa Sina erisasa ukeTu
oden ipovnen mRdelni samxedroTa saWurveliTa aRWurvilni, vamcnebT
uSverebaTa maTTa: anu dadvan saWurveli da maxli maTi, da ukeTu kula ara
isminon, gardaeyenen mRdelobisagan.

9. vamcnebT monazonTa memxoloeTa: ukeTu, Tvinier nebisa da Sendobisa

Tsis mamis da winamZRvrisa, gamovides monastriT, yovladve nuravin
Seiwynarebs mas, aramed ganaZon, viTarca urCi WeSmaritisa kanunisa da
morCilebis damwixneli.
10.
xuces-monazonsa,
romelsa
ara
rwmunebul
iyos
winamZRroba
sawinamZRrosa eklesi[i]sa, jer-ars misa, raTa anu Tana-yvebodes episkopos[s]a,
anu iyos monastersa Sina ZmaTa Tana. xolo ukeTu ara, da iqceodes eriskacTa
Tana gina mamulsa da saxlsa Sina iyofebodes, eseviTarisa mis qcva uweso ars
da gangebul, da nuRara ikadrebs.
11. vamcnebT mRdelTa eklesiisaTa: ukeTu inebon moZRvrebad erisa anu
aRsarebis Sewynarebad sityvierTa samwysoTa, [jer-ars], raTa pirvelad miiRon
brZaneba da Sendoba Tavisis episkoposisagan, da ukeTu kula ara miiRon
Sendoba da brZaneba episkoposisa nu odes ikadreben moZRvrebad erisa, rameTu
uweso aris.
12. ukeTu odesme mivides samRvdeloTagani sxvisa episkoposisa samrevlosa
Sina, Tnier Tana-jer-Cinebisa da Sendobisa mis episkoposisa, nu ikadrebs
Jamis-wirvad, gina samRvdlosa saidumlosa aRsrulebad. xolo eseca jer-ars
misa, raTa Tsisaca episkoposisa Sendobis wigni aqvndes; egreTve xucesmonazon[n]ica yofden amas.
13. amasca kanons vamcnebT mRdelTa: romelTa enebosT usisxlos
msxverplis Sewirva, raTa miiRon sakurTxevlad sefiskverni xuTni rCeulisa
ifqlisani, da ukeTu ar aqvndes. iSviaTad sadme samni miiRon, da amaTs kide
nametnavsa da naklebsa zeda nu ikadreben Jamis-wirvad.
14. xucesni da yovloba samarTlmadideblosa qristeanobisa viTarca
uyofdes pativsa wmidasa trapezsa. egreTve msgavsad pativscemdnen wmidasa
embazsa.
15.
ukeTu
vieTnime
mRdelni
bralsa,
gina
risaTsme
mizezisa
mRdelobisagan dayenebul iyvnen, nurvin ikadrebs episkoposTagani micemad
misa samRdelosa olarisa, rameTu arca erTi romelime saidumlo ara
aResrulebis mis mier, aramed sruliad dayenebul ars.
16. romelsaca visme mRdelTagansa eklesia qristesi arwmunebdes,
makurTxevelisagan ara jer-ars misa, Tnier didisa Wirisa, raTa daaklos
raime saeklesio wesis aRsruleba locvisa da wmida Jamis-wirvisa.
17. ukeTu kula sadme gamoCndes samre[v]losa episkoposisagan kerpTa mier
mopovnebuli saqme grZneba, meqereoba, gina beWis-mxedveloba, anu Tayvanis-cema
xisa, gina sxvis nivTisa, miumcnebT episkoposTa, raTa TviToeulman Tssa
samwysosa Sina sruliad aRmoagdon da ganmarglon saqme ese.
18. qristes sZlisa da dedoflis eklesiasa Sina ara wes ars kanun
noagobaTa da tablaTa miReba, gina Sinagan damarxva xilisa, da noagobaTa
nivTisa, da Wama mas Sina, rameTu saxli aris salocveli RmrTisa.
19. episkoposi da ufrosad mRdelni ganekrZalnen, raTa wmidasa Sina
kriakesa, anu sauflosa dResaswaulsa ara daaklden erni misni locvisa da
wmidisa Jamisa wirvisa mosmenad, rameTu yovlad Tanamdeb arian mislvad.
20. vamcnebT episkoposTa, mRdelTa da eklesi[i]s mourneTa, raTa
ganekrZalnen [S]julTa RmrTisa da ara Serion naTesaoba uwesoTa
qorwinebiTa, aramed esreT yofden: iyavn dasabam pirvel mama da misgan ra
gamoekveTnen oTxni erT kerZo da kulad oTxni erTkerZo, xolo es iqms

Tvinier dasabamisa mis, ricxvsa rvasa da srul iqmnes orsave kerZosa ricxvi
rva, _ mexuTe erT kerZosa da mexuTe meorisa kerZosa _ ese mexuTeni
SeiuRvlian urTierTas. da ama mexuTeTa naklebs aravis ganuCinebT qmnad
qorwinebisa.
21. ganvakrZalebT zogad yovelTa marTlmadidebelTa qristeaneTa, raTa
aravin miiyvanos colad, uwesoTa qorwinebiTa, dedakaci gantevebuli
qmrisagan, rameTu cxadad mruSebisa bralsa Sina STaeflvis, viTarca
mogviRebies wmidisagan saxarebisa qristes naTqvami saRmTo brZaneba, viTarmed:
`romelman gantevebuli SeirTos, manca imruSao~; da amas Tana ewamebian
samociqulonica kanuni da erTxmobiT wmidani Sdni msoflioni krebani da
ufrosRa didi basili.
amisTs Cvenca erTxmobiT Tana-miuxmaebT da davamtkicebT Tqmulsa maTsa,
raTa romelTaca esxnen usjulod Seyofilni, qmrisagan gantevebulni,
memruSeni dedakacni, myis daixsnas da dairRos uweso da usjulo qorwineba
maTi, da amieridgan aravis xel-ewifos qmnad eseviTarisa cTomilis bWobisa,
xolo eseviTarni memruSeTa Tana gardaisebian (sic) kanunsa da uZressaca,
rameTu cxad ars brali codvisa maTisa.
22. xolo ukeTu enebos visme qorwineba wignis mkiTxvelsa mgalobelsa [da]
aRslva xarisxsa mRdelobisasa, pirvel kerZo diakonad kurTxevisa miiyvanos
colad qalwuli, viTar aTormetisa wlisa, gina aTsametisa da qorwinebis
ziarebiTa akurTxos mRdelman SeerTxorcva maTi, da Semdgomad SeerTebisa
aRvides xarisxsa kerZo diaknobisasa, da merme mRdelobisasa.
xolo ukeTu ara yon esreT, aramed iqorwinon qalisa Tana uasakosa, gina
Cvilisa, da xelTdasxmul iqmnen diakvnad da xucad da maSinRa gaxrwnan
colni maTni, romel-ese sruliad ugulisxmoebisa saqme ars da gansagdebel
da dayenebul Cven yovelTa mier.
23. meoTxes da mexuTes, gina uwesosa mraval qorwinebas sruliad
aRfxuris da ganaZebs eklesi[i]T msoflio ese RmrTiv kreba.
24. eseca dayenebul ars Cven yovelTa mier, raTa amieridgan arRara
eqorwinos marTlmadidebeli kaci mwvalebelsa, gina sxva sarwmunoebiansa
dedakacsa, gina marTlmadidebeli dedakaci mwvalebels mamakacs, rameTu ara
jer-ars erTisa baksa Sina slva cxvrisa da mglisa.
25. nu odes nuca aRiqmen Svilsa mwvalebelTasa naTlisRebisa mier
marTlmadidebelni, da nuca svinad daiyeneben mwvalebelsa marTlmorwmuneni.
ukeTu kula ara Tavs idvan esreT, wmidisa ziarebisgan ganiyenebian, ara
naTlad slvisa Semwynarebelni igi.
26. amasca vikadrebT RmrTismsaxurebisa TqvenisaTs, keTilmorwmuneno
mefeno:
raTa
saepiskoposni
eklesiaTa
agarakni
da
dabani,
anu
sa[a]rqimandritoTa da winamZRvarTa monasterTani eriskacTa ar xelewifebodes damZlavrebad, mamulad Tsad mitaceba da damkdreba. amas
wminda ese kreba rjul-gidebT, gevedrebiT da gamcnebT eseviTarisa
ganyenebisa erisagan.
27. sruliad ganCinebiTa ganagdebs saRmrTo kreba amas, raTa amieriTgan
aravin ikadros Seyvaneba zvarakisa, gina cxvrisa, anu sxvisa pirutyvisa
karisbWesa Sina eklesiisasa da daklva mas Sina, gina sisxlis cxeba karTa da
zRurblTa eklesiisaTa, rameTu kerpmsaxurTa ars saqme ese da ara wes-ars
qristeaneTa.

ukeTu kula vinme gamoCndes eseviTarisa cdomilisa saqmisa moqmedi,

vamcnebT episkoposTa, raTa ganaZon eklesiiT, viTarca Seuracxis-myofeli
qristes Sjulisa.
[xelrTvebi] 1. erakle, wyalobiTa RmrTisaTa, RmrTis msaxurman mefeman
kaxTaman da mmarTvelman qarTlisaman, Zeman mefis Teimurazisaman warvwe[ren].
2. antoni, wyalobiTa RmrTisaTa, uRirsman kaTalikozman didisa sameufosa
qalaqis mcxeTis, qarTlis, kaxeTis, samcxe-sa[a]Tabagosa da yovlis qvemo
saqarTvelosa
da
aRmosavleTisa
sapatriarqosaman
ganvsazRuren
da
warvsweren. antoni.
3. nikoloz uRirsman anba alaverdelman ganvsazRuren da warvsweren.
nikoloz.
4.
arseni,
uRirsman
mTavarepiskoposman
samTavrosa
da
goris
samitrapolitosaman ganvsazRuren da warvsweren. arseni.
5. aTanasi, uRirsman episkoposman axlis sameufosa qalaqisa tfilisisa
samitrapolitosaman ganvsazRuren da wavsweren. aTanasi.
6. onofri, uRirsman episkoposman xornabujis da sruliad qiziyis
samitrapolitosaman ganvsazRuren da warvsweren. onofri.
7. saba, uRirsman episkoposman ninowmidisaman ganvsazRvren da warvsweren.
saba.
8. ioseb, uRirsman episkoposman ruisisa da sruliad qarTlisaman
ganvsazRuren da warvsweren. ioseb.
9. ioane, uRirsman episkoposman nekres-qalaqisa da qalaqis gremisaman da
arqimandritman garejis didis lavrisaman ganvsazRuren da warvsweren. ioane.
10. qristefore, uRirsman episkopozman wilknisaman warvsweren. qristefore.
11. ioane, uRirsman episkopozman kawarisaman ganvsazRuren da warvsweren.
ioane.
12. filipe, uRirsman episkoposman urbnisisaman warvsweren. filipe.
13. zosime, uRirsman episkoposman xargiTvalisaman da moZRvarT-moZRvarman
warvsweren.
14. benediqte, uRirsman episkoposman samTavisisaman warvswren. benediqte.
15. daniel, uRirsman episkoposman Werem-qalaqisaman warvsweren. daniel.
16. ioane, uRirsman arqimandritman upirvelesisa monastrisa qvabTa-xevisa
vlaqernisa RmrTismSoblisaman warvsweren.
17. ambakom, uRirsmman winamZRvarman kaxTa mefis karisaman warvsweren.
18. ioseb, uRirsman winamZRvarman qarTvelTa mefisa karisaman warvsweren.
19. ioane, uRirsman didis eklesiis ikonomosman warvsweren.
20. zaqaria, uRirsman xucesman mefeTa da patriarqis moZRvarman
warvsweren.
21. gabriel, uRirsman kaxTa mefisa dekanozman, mefeTa moZRvarman
warvswere.
22. abram, uRirsman dekanozman alaverdisa eklesiisaman warvswere606.
9. imereTis saeklesio krebis `xeliTwerili~ (1759)
imereTis mefe 1752-1784 wlebSi solomon I, `didis~ saxeliT moixsenieba
STamomavalTa mier, man ganamtkica samefo xelisufleba, TiTqmis gaaerTiana

dasavleTi saqarTvelo, mospo tyveebiT vaWroba. 1760-63 wlebSi samjer

daamarcxa osmalebi, 1779 wels ruxis omSi sZlia osmalebs, magram 1784 wels
qvemo guriaSi damarcxda, ramac es mxare gaamahmadiana, asi wlis Semdeg
ruseTis imperiasTan SemoerTebul am kuTxeSi aWareli begebi mmarTvelobdnen.
qarTuli eklesia gansakuTrebiT uWerda mxars qveynisa da erisaTvis
Tavdadebuli mefis moRvaweobas, mefec grZnobda eklesiis Zalas, amitomac
xelsayreli drois dadgomisTanave solomon I-ma, 1759 wels, moiwvia didi da
gansakuTrebuli saeklesio kreba. krebam saeklesio da zneobriv reformebs
daudo safuZveli dasavleT saqarTveloSi. qristianobasa da qveyanas
gansakuTrebiT asustebda tyveTa syidva da saepiskoposo kaTedraTa gauqmeba.
Turqebs quTaisSi 120-wliani batonobis dros daungreviaT saepiskoposo
(bagratis) taZari da gauuqmebiaT quTaTelis saepiskoposo kaTedra. amitomac
1759 wlis saeklesio krebis 4 dekembris sxdomaze solomon mefes aRuniSnavs,
rom quTaisis eklesia `xelT egdo mZvinvares agarians da mizeziTa amiT
saquTaTlo mamuli da samrevlo mimobneuliyo, da romelime daSTomiliyo,
saerod gamxdariyo da quTaTeli aRar ijda~. mefis am moxsenebis Sesabamisad,
krebam ineba aRdgeniliyo saquTaTelo kaTedra, anu quTaisis eparqia da
aRdgenil kaTedraze ganaCines quTaTeli episkoposi. quTaisis eparqias
gadaeca misi yofili Zveli mamuli, romelsac igi adre flobda da eriskacebs
hqondaT mitacebuli. cxadia, saepiskoposos aRdgena ekonomikuri safuZvlebis
gareSe _ formaloba iqneboda. mefes da qveyanas esaWiroeboda moqmedi da
Zlieri eklesia.
rogorc
S.
burjanaZe
aRniSnavs,
eklesia,
tradiciulad,
mefis
xelisuflebis ganmtkicebas uwyobda xels, saxelmwifos aZlevda mebrZolebs1.
krebam saqmeebis mowesrigebisaTvis ineba da:
1. eriskacTagan mitacebuli yma-mamulebi daumtkica eklesias;
2. saeklesio ymebi gaaTavisufla zedmeti gadasaxadebisagan da daakanona
saeklesio gadasaxadebi;
3. eriskacebs aukrZala eklesiis sameurneo saqmianobaSi Careva;
4. saeklesio Tanamdebobebze miiwvia Rirseuli pirebi, uRirsni ki gadaayena;
5. Seamko da aago eklesia-monastrebi608.
aRsaniSnavia, rom maleve amis Semdeg mefe solomons unebebia saerTod
gaeTavisuflebina eklesia saxelmwifo gadasaxadebisagan, kerZod, mefes 1761
wels mouwvevia morigi saeklesio kreba, romelsac daudgenia saeklesio
ymebis
yovelgvari
samefo
gadasaxadebisagan
gaTavisufleba,
agreTve
saxelmwifo samsaxurisagan gaTavisufleba, garda laSqroba-nadirobisa609.
rogorc aRiniSna, 1759 wlis kreba gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobisa iyo, mas
quTaTelis garda, xonis saepiskoposo kaTedrac aRudgenia610, magram krebam
saxeli gaiTqva tyveTa syidvis gadaWriTi akrZalviT.
solomon
mefes
mouxerxebia
da
saeklesio
krebaze
Semoukrebia
samegrelosa
da
guriis
mTavrebi
(dadiani
da
gurieli),
TavianTi
batoniSvilebiTa da TavadaznaurobiT, aq iyvnen imereTis batoniSvilebi da
Tavadaznauroba da, cxadia, mefe, kaTalikosi, mTeli dasavleT saqarTvelos
maRali samRvdeloeba. kreba mTel Tves (dekemberSi) gagrZelebula. saeklesio
krebis meore sxdoma 5 dekembers Catarebula saero xelisuflebis
monawileobiT. q. CxataraiSvils es saeklesio kreba imavdroulad Catarebul
saxelmwifo darbazis sxdomad miaCnia. am sxdomaze imereTis, samegrelosa da

guriis saero da sasuliero gamgeblebma imereTis mefis morCilebisa da

`tyveTa syidvis~ akrZalvis piroba dades608. saeklesio krebam tyvis
gamyidvelni SeaCvena, saero xelisufleba ki maT sikvdiliT dasjiT daemuqra.
krebis dadgenilebaSi naTqvami iyo: `axalcixis faSam aseTi saSineli da
sazareli sityva SemogviTvala... tyves Tu ar gayidiT, ar iqnebao... RvTis
SuamdgomlobiT, rom sanamdis suli gvedgas, es saqme Cvengan ar iqnes... am
saqmeze Cveni Tavi ar daviSuroT~611.
`1759 wlis krebis dadgenilebebma dasabami misca axal periods dasavleT
saqarTvelos politikursa da socialur-ekonomikur cxovrebaSi612. eklesias
krebis Semdeg aRudgenia saxelmwifoze mZlavri zemoqmedebis funqcia612.
krebam sagangebo dadgenilebiT daadastura `afxaz-imerTa~ kaTalikosis
uflebebi mis kuTvnil 42 mamulze613.
n. berZeniSvili am krebasTan dakavSirebiT wers: `XVIII s. meore naxevarSi
axalcixis faSam araerTgzis SemouTvala imereTis mefe solomons, raTa tyvis
syidva imereTSi Zveleburad nebadarTuli yofiliyo. solomonma es moTxovna
ar Seasrula da tyvis syidva saero da saeklesio sasjeliT sastikad
akrZala... 1759 w. dekemberSi solomonma Semokriba `samRvdeloni dasni da
marTlmadidebelni erni~ da lixTimereTis saeklesio da saero feodalebis
sagangebo kreba moiwvia. masSi monawileobda mefe, kaTalikosi da mTeli
lixTimereTis
maRali
samRvdeloeba,
imereTis,
odiSis,
guriis
Tavadaznauroba. krebam ganixila saeklesio saqmeTa mowesrigebis sakiTxi,
akrZala
tyvis
syidva,
krebam
miiRo
gadawyvetileba
sakaTalikoso
eklesiisaTvis
mitacebuli
yma-mamulebis
dabrunebisa,
gauqmebuli
saepiskoposo kaTedrebis da monastrebis aRdgena-ganaxlebis, maTi ymamamulebis
ukan
dabrunebisa,
gadasaxadebisagan
saeklesio
ymebis
ganTavisuflebisa
da
saeklesio
mflobelobaSi
saero
xelisuflebis
Caurevlobisa~614.

imereTis saeklesio krebis `xeliTwerili~ (1759 w. 30.XII)

(nawili aRdgenili teqstisa)
`q. ese mtkice, Seucvalebeli da dReTa cxovrebisa CvenisaTa aRsrulebis
xeliT werili, msajulisa mis mxsnelisa Cvenisa iesos qristes win misatani
wigni da piroba mogarTviT TavaT dausabamos samebiT didebuls RmerTs,

cxovels myofels Zels, xsnisa Cvenisa Suamdgomels maradis qalwuls mariams,

winamorbeds, naTlis mcemels iovanes, angelTa da mTavarangelozTa
winaswarmetyvelTa da mociqulTa, mRudelT moZRvarTa da mowameTa, mamaTa da
mamamTavarTa, RirsTa da qalwulTa da yovelTa RuTisa saTno yofilTa,
zecisaTa da qveyanisaTa SvidTa krebaTa, oTxTa patriarxTa SuamdgomlobiTa
da Cvens mwyems mTavris, yovlad sanatrelis ufalis kaTalikozis besarionis
damtkicebiT, Wyondidel mitropolitis gabrielis, genaTelis iosebis,
Semoqmedelis nikolozis... cagarelis grigolis, mTavarepiskopozis iosebis,
nikorwmindelis germanes, mitropolitis daskalis (didaskalioi) danielis,
xinowmidelis maqsimes, mitropolitis bedielis maqsimes da yovelTa imerTa,
odiSarTa, gurielTa, samRvdelo, samonazno mwyobrTa RmerTsa da yovelTa
saRmTo dasTa SvilobiT mogarTvi Sen, mefe solomon, me dadianma kaciam, me
gurielma mamiam, batoniSvilma giorgim, batoniSvilma Teimuraz, erisTavma
rostom, dadianis Ze manuCar, nikoloz, giorgim, gurielis Zem giorgim,
wulukiZem, erTobiT wereTelman, erTobiT miqelaZem, erTobiT abaSiZem,
erTobiT
niJaraZem,
agiasSvilman,
iasSvilman,
lorTqifaniZem,
mxeiZem,
RoRoberiZem, maWavarianman, mesxman, avalian, ioselianman da giorgi Ciquanman,
erTobiT imerman didman da mcireman,
odiSarT, leCxumT, CiCuam, faRavam,
axledian, asaTian, afaqiZe, mxeiZem da Ciquanman, dgebuaZe, CijavaZe, jaian,
qoCaqiZe, miqaZe, joliam, Selia, qarTvelisSvil, sajaiam da erTobiT
odiSarman didman da mcireman, gurielT, erisTav, maWutaZe, nakaSiZem da
malvaSvilebma, erTobiT Jordania, gegenava da erTobiT naseliSvilma,
gurielman didman da mcireman, ese im soflis msajulisa winaSe misatani da
am sofels yovelTa marTlmadidebelT saxilveli wigni mogarTviT: ase, rom
axalcixis faSas aseTi saSineli da sazarveli sityva SemogviTvala, rom
adamis tomsa arc pirvel smenia da arc Semdgomad ismineba, amisTana saSineli
sasmenelad sazaro sityva: `tyves Tu ar gayidiT ar iqnebao~. axla amaze ase
erTpirobiT dagvimtkicebia RvTis SuamdgomlobiT, rom sanamdis suli gvedgas
ar iqnes, arc amaSid erTmaneTs usustoT, vidrec erTmaneTs miudgeT kidec
mefe solomonis morCili da brZanebis aRmasrulebeli viqneTY da gulis
wmindiT erTmaneTs moudgeT amaze da aras Sewuxebisa da gaWirvebisaTvis Cven
erTmaneTs ar umtyunoT, da am saqmezed Cveni Tavi ar daviSuroT da am
saqmeSid Cven xelmwifes mefe solomons ar usustoT da arc amisTana
saSineli codva Cvengan iqnes ase piroba da sityva mogvirTmevia RvTisa da
kacisaTvis. aw vinc da ramac Zeman kacisaman es SeSalos didman an mcireman,
isemc SeiZlebis sjulisagan usjulosa mecnierebisagan, masmca risxavs Tavad
dausabamo RmerTi da yovelni amaT zemo werilni wmidani zecisani da
qveyanisani xorcielni da uxorconi masca edebis keTri gezisa, SiSTvili
iudasi, Zrwola kaenisa, mextexiloba deoskoresi da maT zemowerilTa
madlTagan SeCvenebuli viyoT Tu es SevSaloT da amaSid SeZlebisaebr ar
mivudgeT SeCvenilni viyoT, suliT da xorciT aw da ukunisamde SvidTa
krebaTagan da yovelTa eklesiaTagan, xolo damamtkicebeli amisi kurTxeul
iyos suliT da xorciT aw da ukunisamde amin. me arqimandrits silibistros
damiweria yovelTa mowmobiT da erTxmobiT brZanebuli ese qristes aqeT CRnT
qristes Sobis Tves l dResa e: aw amis damtkicebis muSaki kaTalikozi
besarion da misi krebuli erTobiT amas vamtkicebT, rom ramanc xelmwifem an
dedofalman an Tavadman an aznaurman didman an mcireman am sarwmunoebazed
vinc mokdes an am sarwmunoebis mimdegi da mefis erTgulebiT Tavisi dRiT

mokdes maSinc da usamarTloT mis Svili da momavali gaRaribos da

wasaxdenaT moindomos usamarTloT amaTSi werilTagan SeCvenebuli iyos
suliT da xorciT amin. aw ramanc Zeman kacisaman amaT Sina werili moSalos
da mefes usustos an am xeliT werils gardaxdes da usjuloeba qmnas da
erTmaneTs ar miudges, vinc imas miudges am momxmareT da SemweT eqmnes an
Seiwynaros, an uwiros da _ lels an mokvdes da miwa aRirsos, SeCvenebul
iyos suliT da xorciT ganuxrwnelad am sofels mowyvediT da im sofels
iudasTan krulebiT, vinc es aR(as)rulos da daamtkicos saukunomca arc
xseneba misi suliT da xorciT aw da ukunisamde amin, mamSleli wyeul,
damamtkicebeli kurTxeul amin~615.
10. 1762, 1768, 1793 wlis krebaTa dadgenilebani saepiskoposoTa marTvis Sesaxeb, mcnebani,
episkoposTa da mRvdelTa mimarT
mas Semdeg, rac XVIII s. II naxevarSi aRdga qarTul-erovnuli
saxelmwifoebrioba samefo taxtze qristian mefeTa asvlis Semdeg, saeklesio
krebebma kvlav daibrunes mahmadianTa mmarTvelobis dros dakninebuli
uflebani da gamosces Sesabamisi zneobrivi saxis dadgenilebani:
a. [dadgenileba saeklesio krebisa saepiskoposoTa marTvis Sesaxeb]
[1762 w. 20 dekemberi]
welsa qristes aqaT CRb, qristeSobis k.
q. wmidaTa da yovlad samRudeloTa episkoposTa esreT euwyosT,
romelnica CvenTan wmidas patriarqTan da RirsTa Tqven episkoposebTan
krebaSi piroba daidva.
pirveli ese, rom: episkoposman Tavis samwysoSi uaRsarebo aravin daagdos.
meored, ese: sauflos dResaswauls da kviras wirvis mousmenlad nuravis
gauSvebT da uqme dRisa yadaRa uyoT, rom kargad daicvan da aravin gatexos.
mesamed: Tu wmidaT episkoposT TqvenTa samwysoTa Sina urCi vinme
gyvandesT, Cven mogvaxsenoT; da egeviTarTa Cven davsjiT.
meoTxed: xucesTa yadaRa uyoT, romelic wmidas mRudelobas ar
ekadrebodes, isre ar moiqcnen SesamosliTa Tu tanisamosiTa; da nurc
TavianT samwysoSi usamarTlozed miuSveben xucebsa.
mexuTed: wmidas eklesiaSi an daZvelebuli ram iyos, an damwvari, an
wamxdari, _ unda ganswmidoT, galesoT, ganaaxloT da wmidad SeinaxoT wmida
eklesia; da ukadrisad nuravis aCvenebT wmidas eklesiasa. agreTve Tu
gaSavebuli ram iyos, unda galeson da gaaTeTron.
meeqvsed: wmidas trapezzed Casacmeli unda yuTnisa iyos; da Tu ukeTesi
ram aris, isi sjobs. da Tu ara, suraTis CiTi unda iyos; da amas garda sxva
aRara iqneba ra. romelic wmida trapezi kedelzed iyos mikruli, Camoafaron;
da romelnica saSual sakurTxevelisa iyos, Caacvan.
meSvided: xisa da an Tu gatexili ram iyos, wmidad barZimad anu feSxumad
nu iyofin da numca saxeledebin.
merved: Tu visme samRudeloTagansa siberiTa Tu sxvisa romlisame
mizeziTa wmidis trapezis msaxureba da wirva aRar SeeZlos, Tavisman

episkoposman ganagoT misi. da Tu Tqven ver usajoT, wmidas patriarqs

moaxsenoT da sxvaT episkopozT; igini saqmes gangimarTaven, erTs gzas
mogcemen da ganuweseben rasme.
mecxred: Tu samRudelod wvrTili vinme ar iyos, uswavleli da
ucodinari nu vin mouxdebin mRudelobad da kurTxevad, rom aRsarebis
Tqmevineba ar SeeZlos; da an wmidas trapezzed idges da wmidas saxarebaSi
tyuilebs ambobdes.
meaTed: romelic rom Cven ver movigoneT, episkoposT marTebsT maradis
mRviZare yofad.
meaTerTmeted: wmidaT episkoposT TaveTs ersa da samwysosa wmidas
eklesiaSi Seslva, dgoma da pirs jvaris dawera aswavlon.
irakli mefisagan da yovlisa saqarTvelosa kaTalikoz-patriarqisa
iosebisagan esreT siyvaruliT euwyos miss siwmides yovlad samRdelos
arqiepiskoposs amba alaverdels zenons, wmidasa da yovlad samRudelos
nekresel episkoposs dosiTeoss da wmidasa da yovlad samRudelos samebel
episkoposs ioanes.
Jamsa rodesac krebaSi saqarTveloT wmidaT episkoposT mouwodeT, maSin
esreT gamorCeviT da pirobiT aRvTqviT, romelic zemore siiT aRwerila, rom
RmrTis nebiT, yo[v]els saepiskoposoebSi esreT ganegos yovlad samRudeloT
episkoposTagan. da imav krebaSic esreT ganisaja, rom Cvengan esreTiTa
aRweriliTa Tqven yovlad samRudeloTa gauwyoT.
da aha, gviuwyebies Tqvenis siwmidisaTvis Jamadme, uflisa qristes
aRdgomamdis, rom es unakluloT aRasruloT da aRasrulebinoTca, Tvarem
icodes Tqvenma siwmidem, Cveni kaci Camoivlis im Jamzed da romelsac xucess
esreT ar gaumarTavs Tavisi samwyso da Tavisi Tavic, imasac samarTliT
ganvsjiT da Tqvenc dagemdurebiT.
romelnic am saepiskoposoSi an Tavadni brZandebiT, an sabatios kacis
Svilni, an aznauriSvilni xarT, da an moxeleni es rom mogviweria, amazed
mRviZare unda iyvneT da Tqvenni morCilnic ganaRviZoT. da wmidis eklesiis
samsaxurzed da rac mogviweria amaebzed, gafrTxilebulni iyvneT da Tqveni
morCilni kacnic amyofoT.
da romelic episkoposman da mRudelman gamcnosT, imazeda daadgreT da
daayenoT: Semwe eqmeniT episkopossa da mRudelsa am saqmezed; Cvens ukan rom
Tqveni vali gaqvsT da rom unda Semwe eqmnneT, amisTvis gvicnobebia.
beWedi: me fexTganbanilTa mier eklesia vadide erekle Cven, yovlisa
saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarxi ioseb warvwerT.
minaweri: ioseb kaTalikozisagan episkoposTa mimarT miwerili, Tqveni
samwysoni ase daarigeTo616.
b. [mcneba mRudelTaTvis]
[1768]
episkoposTa mimarT
maTi umaRlesoba da ukeTilmsaxuresoba mefe irakli da maTi uwmindesoba da
unetaresoba patriarxi mefis Ze antoni

esreT ganvasazRvrebT, vamcnebT, movaxsenebT, da ubrZanebT yovelTa

saqarTvelosa mRudelTmTavarTa da mwyemsTa WeSmaritTa, esreT:
1. episkoposni miiyuandnen Tavisis samwysosa mRudelTa, dadgenilTa, gina
axlad dasadgenTa, da keTilad ganixilviden maTsa cxovrebasa da
mecnierebasa, ukeTu SemZlebel iyvnen swavlad da swavlul iyvnen SvidTa amaT
saidumloTa WeSmaritad aRsrulebad.
Svidni saidumloni wmidisa aRmosavleTisa ekklesiisani eseni arian:
a. naTlva, b. cxeba mironisa, g. saRmrTo wirva, d. mRudlis kurTxeva da
micualebulis wesT-ageba da damarxua, e. aRsarebis Tqmevineba, v. patiosani
qorwineba, z. zeTis kurTxeva.
amaTi srulebiT aRsruleba Tu SeeZlosT, keTil da kurTxeviT miabaron
eklesia da samwyso qristesi, da waravlinon gankrZalviT mRudelobad,
locviT da kurTxeviT.
2. da romelTaca ar SeeZlosT am saidumloebisa aRsrulebad, ubrZanon: an
TviTon Tavis ekklesiaSi miiyvanon is mRudeli episkoposTa, an romelsame
monasterSi miabaron mecnierTa da egoden guls-modgined ecadnen, rom iswaon.
da vinemdis iswavliden, episkoposma im samwysos sxva mRudeli ganuCinos.
ukeTu iswaos am saidumloebis aRsruleba, merme samwysoc miabaros da
imRudel-moqmedos.
Tu ar inebos da verc iswavlos, samwyso CamoarTvan. TviTan saca undes,
warvides. sxva mRudel-moqmedebas nuras ikadrebs, Tvinier wirvisa, sadac
enebos wiros Tvinier sxvaTa mRudel-moqmedebaTa Sendoba aqvs, moZRvrisa
Tvisisa wamebiTa.
3. romelTaca ekklesiisaganTa, samRudelod ganwesebadTasa, saekklesio
wignni, romelnic damWirno arian, romel amaebis ucodnelad mRudeloba ara
jer-ars: daviTi, Jamnoba srulad, saxareba, samociqulo, paraklitoni,
kurTxevani da kondaki _ eseni Tu icoden kargad, akurTxen.
da eseni Tu ar icoden srulad, ganvakrZalebT episkoposTa: eseviTarTa nu
akurTxeben.
4. da romelnic episkoposni eseviTarTa umecarTa akurTxeben, uwyoden:
makurTxevlica da kurTxeulica Zlierad imxilebian.
5. episkoposni mRudelT - amcnebden, rom TavTavis samwysoT, eriskacTa gina
qalTa, pirjvaris daweras aswavebdnen marTlad. da romelTac aRsarebis Tqma
SeeZlos, uaRsarebod nu daayeneben Svidis weliwadisas. da yovels suls
`wmidao RmerTs~ Tavisis muxlebiT, da `mamao Cuenos~, `miwyales~. da `mrwams~
zepiriT
Tqmas
aswavliden
da
marTlmadideblobis
sarwmuno[e]bis
aRmsareblobasa WeSmaritsa.
6. da romelTac ar iswaon da udeb iqmnen, mRudeli nuRar umRudlobs; da
episkoposs Seasminos da episkoposmac sitkboebiT swrTvnas; da SiSiTaca
ecadnen, rom aswavlon. Tavis nebazed nurvis Tavis samwysos nu miuSueben,
nurc episkoposni da nurc mRudelni.
7. sofelSi, romelic Tavi da pirveli da upatiosnesi ekklesia iyos,
ganwmedilni hqondesT da dagvili, da kedelni, sarkmelni, yureni gareT da
SinaT _ mowmedilni; siwmidis iaraRi da wmida sakurTxeveli da trapezi _
uzeSTaesad patiosnad, trapezi _ Semosili; siwmidis samsaxurebeli: barZimi,
feSxumi, kovzi da kamara _ an vecxlisa an kalisa, sxvas nivTisa ar

imsaxureba; pereqlebi da dafarna _ farCisa, wmida da uCirqo; trapezi _

Semosili, raoden Zal-eduas uCirqos samosliTa; odiki _ axali, kargi da
uCirqo, da am odiks sudari hqondes uCirqo, rom Sig Sexvevdes.
8. mRudlis Sesamoselic, risac SemZlebel iyos, uCirqo da daukerebeli.
dabebkili da Cirqiani ar ikadros msaxurebad; wmida wmidaTasa zeda
sefiskueri _ rCeuli da zedaSe _ ferovani, wmida, uWango da uprkeo, sunisa
da gemosi arasi sxvisa mqonebeli; kretsabmeli _ uCirqo da gasworebuli.
9. agreve wignni: daviTi, Jamni, paraklitoni, Tormetis sauflos
sadResaswaulo aTormetebi, dResaswaulisa da vnebisa, saxareba, samociqulo,
kurTxevani da kondaki, eseni unda hqondes.
10. sadac SeeZlos, brwyinuales kars karebi Seasxan da ise imRudelon, da
swirevden, da samwysoc amisTanas mRudelTa da ekklesiaT hqondesT, sxvaTi ar
iqneba, arc vbrZanebT.
11. da ragvaradac episkoposTaTvis gvimcnia, egreT mRudelT amcnon da
ganakrZalon, Torem episkoposnic kanons queS iqnebian da mRudelTac
samwysoze xeli aiRon.
12. Tu sxva saydaric iyos im sofelSi an siaxloes eris salocavad
dResaswauli sadme icoden, da im ekklesias es ganwyobileba da samsaxurebeli
ar hqondes, romlisac samwysosi iyos, im mRudelma am samudamos ekklesi[i]s
samsaxurebeli wariRos yovliferi, da imiTi Seamkos is ekklesia, da ise
wiros, da iqav moitanos.
13. Cuen vgonebT, rom yovelTa uwyiT, garna amisi umecreba aravin qmnas, rom
im dRis msaxurebeli siwmidis samsaxurebeli WurWelni, gina Sesamoseli da
odiki, Tvinier wignisa, olrisa da sacecxluris meti, im dRes meored
ixmaros. _ sasikvdined scodavs da ganipatiJos didad episkoposisagan.
14. amasac asre gamcnebT: erTs ekklesiaSi jer-ars, raTa wmidani xatni
esvenen: erTi jvarcmisa, erTi TviT macxovrisa, erTi yovlad wmidisa da erTi
im ekklesiis wmidisa, romlisac saxelzed aRSenebuli aris is ekklesia da
erTi saxiani jvaric wirvazed trapezzed unda idvas. umisod wmida wirva
diaR Znelad iqnebis.
15. da episkoposni amas ganakrZalebdeT mRudelTa: saydars Tu xatsa Tofi
hqondes usjuloTa kacTagan nasroli, an xlmiT gina daniT nabrZvili hqondes
da SeSlili iyos dakortnili, da raoden SemZlebel iyunen _ ganaaxlon, an
axalni daaxatvinon. da Tu miZuelebulni da mifarlebulni _ kargad
ganswmedden, da egreT daisuenon da Tayuaniscemden.
16. amasac esreT vamcnebT da ganvakrZalebT, mRudelTa da episkoposTa
mogaxsenebT, rom ganixilvideT: numca vin mRvdeli nu ikadrebs sasmlisa da
saWmlis daWarbebasa da uZRebad smasa da Wamasa.
17. ukueTu vinme es mcneba ar daimarxos, episkoposman amxilos, da
kualadaca ar SeiSinos, ganikueTos, samwysoc CamoerTvas; amisTvis, rameTu ara
jer-ars uZRebTa da memTrvaleTa mRudelobad.
18. da aw naTlis-RebisaTvis esreT gamcnebT: ymawvils rodesac undodes,
monaTlevdes. magram Tu daWireba ar iyos, Jamisad monaTlos. da Tu wirvamdis
monaTlos, aziaros. da Tu wirvas mermeT _ im dRes nu aziarebs, Tu didaT ar
uWirdes, da meores an mesames dRes aziaros wirvazed.
19. Tu vin icis, mRudels romlisame mizeziT goneba xelad ar hqondes an
uZlurebiT, an saWmlis da sasmlis wyeniT riTme, sanamdis gonebad ar movides,
nu ikadrebs am saidumlos aRsrulebasa da nu naTel-scems.

20. Tu daWireba iyos, da ymawvilisa da im mosanaTlavis sikvdilis SiSi

iyos, da arc sxua mRudeli iSoebodes siaxloes, didis sifrTxiliT maSin
naTel-sces im mRudelma.
da Tu momakvdavi iyos, kidec aziaros, diaR, didis sifrTxiliT da
krZalviT Seaxos xeli wmida-wmidaTasa, da moZRvarsac aRuaros, da
episkoposisaganac Sendoba miiRos.
21. amad vafrTxilebT mRudelTa da vakrZalebT: nuraodes nu daiTrobian,
Torem mRudeloba CamoerTmevaT WeSmaritad.
22. romelnic an misanni an mwamvlelni arian, siyvarulisa, gina siZulilis
wamlis moqmedni, anu maTni meZiebelni da mimyolni, gina meqereobisa da
melobiobisa mkiTxvelni da maTni mrwmunebelni, unda Seinanon.
23. da dReis iqiT Tu vinme ikadros, icoden romel maTTa episkoposTa
samRudelos msjavriT ganpatiJon. da mRudels nuRar miscemen, nurc
qristianed-Ra saxel-sdeben, nurc ekklesiasSi SeuSveben da nurc saflavs
aRirseben.
da merme maTis simaRlis mefis samSjavroSi moiyvanon da vgonebT, rom
maTis keTilmorwmuneobis msjavrma sikuidiladca dasajos, rom maTzec ars
samarTali ese mipyrobili.
da romeli maTni morwmuneni da Semwynarebelni iqmnebian, isini xorcielad
jarimiT ganipatiJebian da sulierad mRudeli aRar miecemaT.
24. egreTve romelic xeTa da ZelTa, gina saddme niSTa da ZeglTa, da
adgilTa raTme uekklesioTa Tayvani-scemen, maTac ase es sasjeli miecemaT,
viTar-igi misanTa da mwamvlelTa.
25. episkoposma saca an xe, an Zeli, an niSi da Zeglni da uekklesiod
amgvarebi naxos, ZiriTurT aRmofxvras, da sawvavi dawos, da es sacduri
daadumos da ga[a]qarvos.
26. kviras da uqmes vakrZalebT yovelTa qristianeTa Zvelisa da axlis
sjuliTa da aRqmiTa; numca vin ikadrebs kvirisa da uqmis texad, kviriakesa
sruliad yoveli uqmoba jer-ars, Tvinier locvisa da wirvisa da ekklesiad
misvlisa, kacTagan mipirutyvTamde; egreTve TormetTa saufloTa dReTa, da
dResaswaulsa yovlad wmidisa RmrTis-mSobelisasa da saCinoTa wmidaTasa.
27. amaTi wesi da rigi mRudels episkoposisagan ganewesos da mRudelma
Tavis samwysos ganuwesos da Seatyobinos, rom dRes uqmi ariso.
28. Tu vinme urC eqmnas da ar iuqmos, misi namoqmedi cecxliT dawvan; im
kacs ormoci joxi dahkran, Tu glexi iyos. da Tu maRali vinme iyos, maTs
simaRles mefes moaxsenos da iman sajos, viTa wes ars.
29. aseve vamcnebT; numca vin ikadrebs pirutyvis borotis sityviT
Seginebasa. amcnos mRudelma, da Tu ar daiSalos, episkoposT SeaSinon, nuRar
ityvian magvars uSversa.
da Tu ar daiSalon, ormoci joxi dahkran, Tu biWi iyos; da Tu kaci iyos
_ mcired daarbion.
30. yovelTa mRvdelT-mTavarTaTvis gvimcnia da mogvixsenebia, rom
ekklesiis mamuls, nurc saxelos, nurca didsa da nuca mciresa, ase rom
erTis dRis miwa iyos, gina sabostne, anu mcire saxlis alagi. ara
xelewifebis micemad visdame. gina misyidvad.
nurc erTs glexs, nurc saganZurs da nurc Semosavals, rac Tavisis
kondakiT ar iSovos, da TviTan saxmarad ar miscemdes damWirneobisda, maTs
simaRles keTil msaxurs mefes moaxsenos da miss uwmidesobas patriarxs; da

maTis jerCinebiT, Tu rigiani aris, nebas daurTven da miacemineben; da Tu

arada, TviT TaviT TvisiT veraras SemZlebel ars.
31. da Tu dReis waRmarT romelic episkoposi amgvarebs iqs da TavisTavad
gascems an saxelosa, an miwa-alags, rogorc gvimcnia, an saganZurs da
Semosavals, da ekklesias gaaRaribebs an saganZurisagan, an xatisa jvarisa
Sesamoslisgan, an mamulisagan _ Tavs ar davanebebT, sarwmuno brZandeboden.
ar dauTmobT.
vinc Sematebas ecdeba da Semkobas, didad mmadlobelni viqnebiT.
32. ekklesiis xatTaTvis, nebiTa RmrTisaTa, mxatvrebi arian da wignTaTvis
stanba aris.
da sxva saxmaric xom yovelive iSoveba amave Cuens sabrZanebelSi, fasiT
sasyidelni. romliTame episkoposnic Seewivnen, romliTame mRudelni TviT
daixarjnen da romliTame im ekklesiis Semavalni erni. da isre ganawyon
ekklesiani.
da nu imizezeben uqonlobasa, raTa yovelni ekklesiani nebisaebr RmrTisa
da wmidaTa mamaTa mocemulisa kanunisaebr da wmidaTa oTxTa patriarxTagan
damtkicebulisa, da viTarca ars yovelsa samarTlmadideblosa queyanasa Sina
saberZneTisa da ruseTisasa, egreT jer-ars CuenTaca ekklesiaTa yofa, raTa
Sewirul iqmnas winaSe RmrTisa msxuerpli da locva da vedreba Cveni.
33. da mogvetevnen Secodebani Cvenni, da vixsnneT xilulTa da uxilavTa
mterTagan mefeni, da mTavarnica, da mRudelT-mTavarni, da mRudelni, da
ernica da yovelni sulni marTlmadidebelni qristianeni.
yovlisa gansacdelisagan erTbaSad dacul viqmnneT uflisa da RmrTisa da
macxovrisa Cuenisa ieso qristes mier, romelsa hSuenis yoveli dideba,
pativi da Tayuanis-cema, Tana-dausabamoT mamiT da yovladwmidiT suliTurT,
aw da maradis, da ukuniTi ukunisamde, amin.
daibeWda sameufosa qalaqsa tfiliss, palatsa samefosa, qristes aqeT
CRz.
wyalobiTa RmrTisaTa, irakli meore, qristes mier mefe qarTlisa, kaxeTisa,
da mflobeli borCalisa, SamSadinluisa da yazaxisa, brZanebiT davamtkicebT.
wyalobiTa RmrTisaTa antoni, mdabali arxiepiskoposi mcxeTisa da
yovlisa zemosa saqarTvelosa, brZanebiT davamtkiceb.
qristes aqeT CRi.
Semdgomad amissa kidev davmeteT amas zeda:
Cuen, irakli mefeman, mpyrobelman qarTlisa da kaxeTisaman, Tana-nebamyofobiTa srul erTianad Cuenis queynebis TavadTa, aznaurTa, didvaWarTa da
glexTaTa, RmrTis mowyalebiT amas zeda, di[a]R, guldajerebuli varT, rom
Cuens qveyanaSi arc yofila da arc aris amisTana avi RmrTis ganmarisxebeli
saqmeni.
magram Cuens xalxs vafrTxilebT:
34. Tu vinme amisTanas saqmis mqneli gamoCndes an momwamlvelni, an kacis
Semkruelni, an siyu[a]rulisa da simZulvaris wamlis mimcemelni, an
jadoobisa da mkiTxaobis moqmedni, an RmrTis didad ganmarisxebelisa da
miutevebelis finTisa, da myralisa, da cecxliT saukunod mwuelisa
mamaTmavlobis mqnelni mamalni anu dedalni _ eseni unda Zaliani da
saanadzos jajaebiT daiocnen.

35. da es ganCineba unda yovelma episkoposma Tavis samwysos saydrebSi

Tavis xalxs waukiTxon da gaafrTxilon617.
[mcnebani maqsime kaTalikozisa mama iobisa da winamZRvar besarionisadmi]
[1777 w.]
afxaz-imerTa kaTolikosi maqsime Cuens suliers Svils udabnos mamas iobs
da kualad erkeTis winamZRvars besarions uflisa Cuenisa ieso qristes mier
locva-kurTxeviT gikiTxav; da Semdgomad amisa garwmuneb samwyosa Cemsa
sakaTalikosa.
1. da viTa Sendobisa Cvenisa morCil iyvneT, egreT keTilad moZRurideT,
aswavlideT
da
zedas-zeda
sulieriTa
swavliTa
amxilebdeT
da
ganamtkicebdeT.
2. da ukeTu vinme samRudelo kaci uwesod iqceodes, anu nayrovanebiTa, anu
mTvralobiTa da sxviTa romliTame borotiTa, amxileT, SerisxeT. da ukeTu
ara Seikdimos da arca ganiSoros uweso igi qceva dascxerin mRudelobisagan.
3. da kualad romelsaca mRudels wirvisa da naTvlis srulebiT
aRsruleba ar Zal-edvas, Tqven aswaveT gulsmodgineT. da ukeTu keTilad ver
iswa[v]os, igica daayeneT mRudelobisagan.
4. da romelsaca mRudelsa mecniereba da SiSi RmrTisa aqundes da
SeeZlos saidumloebis aRsruleba, man imRudelmoqmedos; xolo umecari da
uSiSi RmrTisa da ukrZalveli gonebiTa yovladve nu ikadrebn msaxurebad
wmidisa mis wmidaTasa.
5. da egreTve, romelsaca Zal-edvas swavlad da moZRurebad, moZRurides,
da romelsaca ara _ nu imoZRurebs.
6. kualad amas gamcneb da gaswaveb, rom: eklesiebs ganixilvideT da mas
zeda dadginebulTa mRudelTa ganakrZalebded da aswavebdeT, rom eklesia
wmidad da sufTad Seinaxon; barZim-feSxumi da maTi dafarnaebi da wmidis
trapezis gadasafarebeli sadac hpovoT, rom Zveli iyos, an damwvari, an
daxeuli, gamoacvlevineT da ganaaxlebineT.
7. da im eklesiazed mimavals ersac auwyT, rom eklesiis samsaxurebels
saqmezed mRudels Seeweoden da morCil eqmneboden.
8. da eseca amceniT: romelic sayovelTao uqmi dRe iyos, keTilad
daimarxevden da eri srulebiT yrmiT da dedebiTurT eklesiad miiswrafiden
da wirva-locvas ar daakldeboden.
9. da kualad amasac ganakrZalebdeT, rom mkiTxavi ar Seiwynaron, _
SeCvenebuli aris.
da vinca mkiTxavi saxlad miiyvanos da akiTxvinos, mkiTxavi igi da saxlad
mimyvanebelica da Semwynarebeli misi, ornive erTbamad gankveTeT da ganayeneT
yovlisave qristianeTa wesisagan, ziarebisa da eklesiad mislvisagan.
da nurc mkudars damarxven mkiTxavs, aramed viTarca ZaRli gancofebuli,
egreT Seracxon.
10. ese mcnebani yovelnive keTilad auwyeT da ganamtkiceT, da dRiTi-dRe
nu daiyo[v]nebT swavlad erisa, Torem sasjelsa didsa Tanamdeb xarT.
daiwera welTa qristes aqeT CRoz.
beWedi; Crdilo afxaz-imerTa kaTalikosi maqsime618.

g. [kanonTa ganweseba codvilTaTvis

anton II-is mier]
[1793 w. 13 agvisto]
1. Svid wel nu eziarebian wmidaTa saidumloTa. da Tu sadme sikudilad
miiwios SvidTa maT weliwadTa Sina, romliTame mizeziTa aziaros sulierman
mamaman. da Tu mokudes anderZi aRugos da damarxos. da Tu morCes, isev
SvidTa weliwadTa Sesrulebamde nu iqmnebian miaxleba misi wmidaTa
saidumloTa.
2. nu Sevals eklesiasa Sina vidre samTa weliwadTa srulyofadmde,
aramed hsdges gare karsa eklesiisasa wiruasa anu locvasa zeda da
SemavalTa da ganmavalTagan didiTa vedrebiTa iTxovdes da Tavsa Tvissa
moidrekdes maTdami da ityodes: `SemindeviT me, codvilsa~.
3. da Sedgomad samisa wlisa Sevides eklesiasa Sina da sefiskveri
miecemodes.
4. oTxTave marxvaTa, ese igi, wmidaTa didTa ormeocTa marxvaTa Sina
wmidaTa mociqulTa da RmrTismSoblis micualebisa da qristes-SobisaTa
ityodes aRsarebasa da daufarvelad aRuarebdes coduaTa TvisTa da cremliT
suliTa SemusrviliTa da guliTa SemusrviliTa inandes.
da romelnica kanonni sulierman mamaman Tvisman misces dafarulTaTvis
coduaTa, romelnica aRuarna mas, dauklebelad gardaixdides.
5. wmidaTa maT didTa ormeoceTa da RmrTismSoblis marxuaTa Sina Tvinier
SabaT-kvirisa nu hsuaman Rvinosa da qristes-Sobis marxvaTa da mociqulTa
marxvaTa Sina oTxSabaT-paraskevsa esreTve nu suamn da xsnilsa SvideulTa
samTa weliwadTa orSabaTsa xorcsa nu sWamen da oTxSabaT-paraskevsa Tevzsa,
Tvinier sauflosa dResaswaulisa da ganwesebulisa tibikonisa.
6. mouklebelad Tvissa ganwesebulsa saidumlosa locuasa ilocvides da
wirvasa da locvasa eklesiisasa nu daakldebin da TToeulsa dResa Sina
hyofdes metaniasa assa: ormeocsa didsa metaniasa da sameocsa xelis metaniasa
da ityodes TiToeulsa zeda: `RmerTo, milxine me codlsa amas da Semiwyale
me~.
7. samsa weliwadsa vidre Seslvadmde eklesiasa Sina nu moiparsavn Tmasa
da nurca wversa da Seimosos kvarTi da sarvari samoslisa.
8. Semdgomad amaTsa ukeTu SemZlebel iyos, daixsnas tyve; da ukeTu ara,
SeZlebisaebr Tvisisa sxvasa damxsnelsa visme Seewios.
9. erTsa weliwadsa suliersa mamasa Tssa ormeocdaaTsa awirvinebdes
codvis mitevebisaTvis Tavisa Tsisa da gansvenebisaTvis mis mier moklulisa.
10. romelic mRudelmTavris misarTmevi sakanonos debuleba iyos,
SeZlebisaebri dauyovneblad miarTvas da esreT srulhyos ganwesebulni ese
kanonni.
welsa CRJg, TTuesa agvistosa ig.
xelrTva: kaTalikozi. mdabali mitropoliti mixail619.

11. saqarTvelos pirveli saeklesio krebis

(9-17.09.1917) mier gamocemuli `debuleba~
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis gamocxadebis Semdeg
(12.03.1917)
ruseTis droebiTma mTavrobam 1917 wlis 27 marts scno saqarTvelos eklesiis
avtokefaliis aRdgena da uwoda mas `qarTuli eklesiis TviTgamorkvevis
udidesi aqti~.
saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTma mmarTvelobam 1917 wlis agvistoSi
gadawyvita moewvia sruliad saqarTvelos saeklesio kreba. agvistos damlevsa
da seqtembris dasawyisSi mTel saqarTveloSi mimdinareobda am krebis
delegatTa arCevnebi.
sruliad saqarTvelos I saeklesio kreba (avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg)
gaixsna 1917 wlis 9 seqtembers dRis 12 saaTze sionis taZarSi. krebas
Tavmjdomareobda mitropoliti leonide, prezidiumSi arCeul iyvnen: giorgi
KJuruli, trifon jafariZe da spiridon kedia. krebis dRis wesrigis
umTavresi sakiTxi iyo saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebis
proeqtis ganxilva, saqarTvelos sasuliero saswavleblebis keTilmowyobauzrunvelyofis sakiTxebi, soxumis eparqiis sakiTxi da kaTalikos-patriarqis
arCevnebi.
sruliad saqarTvelos I-ma saeklesio krebam miiRo `saqarTvelos eklesiis
marTva-gamgeobis debuleba~. am debulebiT saqarTvelos eklesia aerTianebda
yvela
marTlmadidebel
qarTvels
da
agreTve
araqarTvel
marTlmadideblebsac,
romlebic
cxovrobdnen
saqarTvelos
Zveli
sakaTalikosos sazRvrebSi.
marTva-gamgeobis
mxriv
saqarTvelos
eklesia
iyofoda
eparqiebad,
eparqiebi-olqebad, xolo olqebi-samrevloebad. saqarTvelos eklesiaSi
Sedioda sul 13 eparqia. saqarTvelos eklesias mTlianad ganagebdnen

saeklesio krebebi (sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiisa, saeparqio, saolqo da

samrevlo), romelTa aRmasrulebeli organo iyo sabWo (sakaTalikoso,
saolqo, samrevlo). saqarTvelos eklesias, wesdebis mixedviT, ganagebda
sruliad saqarTvelos saeklesio kreba, romelic Sedgeboda samRvdeloTa,
monazonTa da saero warmomadgenlobisagan. sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiis
krebis Tavmjdomared unda yofiliyo kaTalikosi, misi aryofnis dros ki misi
mosaydre.
sruliad
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
krebis
kompetenciaSi
Sedioda:
adgilobrivi saeklesio samarTali, kaTalikosis, sakaTalikoso sabWosa da
sakaTalikoso sasamarTlos wevrebisa da kandidatebis arCeva, axali
eparqiebis gaxsna an arsebul eparqiaTa sazRvrebis gadamijvna da kaTedrebis
aRdgena an daarseba, zrunva sasuliero saswavlebelTa daarsebisa an
nivTierad uzrunvelyofisaTvis. saeklesio krebis aRmasrulebeli mudmivi
organo iyo sakaTalikoso sabWo. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi,
saWeTmpyrobeli eklesiisa, imave dros iyo mTavarepiskoposi mcxeTisa. mas
irCevda sruliad saqarTvelos saeklesio kreba, Semdgari rogorc sasuliero,
aseve saero pirebisagan.
krebam airCia sruliad saqaTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqad wmida kirioni
(saZagliSvili) da mogvca eklesiis marTvis debuleba.

saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeoba

debulebani
miRebuli sruliad saqarTvelos 1917 wlis saeklesio krebaze
$1. marTva-gamgeobis mxriT saqarTvelos eklesia ganiyofa eparqiebad da
eparqiebi olqebad, xolo olqebi samrevloebad.
$2. saqarTvelos eklesiaSi Semdegi eparqiebia:

a) mcxeTisa, romlis mwyemsmTavari aris `mTavarepiskopozi mcxeTisa da

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikoz-patriarqi~. samwyso: saqarTvelos eklesiis
wm. dedaqalaqi mcxeTa, orisave aragvisa da qsan-lexuris xeobani (teritoria
Zveli eparqiebis: mcxeTisa, wilknisa da samTavisis), rasac Seicavs exlandeli
duSeTis mazra Semdegis cvlilebiT: dasavleTiT emateba qsan-lexuris
xeobaTa qvemo-nawili vidre wlevis mTamde, xolo aRmosavleTiT akldeba
aragvis aRmosavleTi sanapiro, romlis erTi nawili, - nokornis qedis qvemod,
Sedis tfilelis eparqiaSi (saguramos ubani), xolo zemo-nawili (xarWiSos
ubani), - Seadgens alaverdelis samwysos. kaTedra eparqiisa aris mcxeTa
(sveti-cxovelSi), xolo kaTolikozis rezidencia tfilisSi.
S e n i S v n a : kaTolikoz-patriarqis pirdapir samwysos Seadgens agreTve saqarTvelos gared mcxovrebi
qarTveloba.
b) tfilisisa. samwyso: gare-qarTli da gare-kaxeTi (teritoria Zveli
eparqiebisa: tfilisis, manglisis, walkis, dmanisis, bolnisis, winwyarosi,
agarakis, rusTavis, kawareTisa da ninowmidis), rasac Seadgens exlandeli
tfilisis da borCalos mazrebi da amaT garda saguramos ubani da bambakis
xeoba. kaTedra mwyesTmTavarisa - tfilisSi (sionSi), rezidencia iqve. pativi
mwyemsTmTavrisa: `tfileli mitropoliti~.
S e n i S v n a : tfileli, rogorc kaTolikozis uaxloesi adgilobrivi mRvdelmTavari, aris mosaydre kaTolikozisa.
g) alaverdisa. samwyso: Sida-kaxeTi (teritoria Zveli eparqiebis: alaverdisa,
nekresisa da xarWaSenis), rasac Seicavs exlandeli Telavisa da TianeTis
mazrebi xarWiSos ubnis mimatebiT da amaT garda didoeT-durZukeTi, miwerili
Tergisa da daRestnis mxareebze. kaTedra alaverdSi, rezidencia
mRvdelmTavrisa q.TelavSi. pativi mRvdelmTavrisa aris - `alaverdeli
episkopozi~ (anu `abba alaverdeli~).
d) bodbisa. samwyso: hereTi, rani, Saqi da wuqeTi (teritoria Zveli
eparqiebisa: bodbisa, Weremisa, giSisa da xoranabujis), rasac Seadgens
exlandeli mazrebi da olqebi siRnaRisa, zaqaTalisa, samurisa, nuxisa,
areSisa, ganjisa da yazaxisa. kaTedra - bodbeSi, rezidencia mRvdelmTavrisa
q.siRnaRSi. pativi mRvdelmTavris: bodbeli episkopozi.
e) urbnisisa. samwyso: Sida-qarTli (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: urbnisis,
ruisis, niqozisa da samTavrosi), rasac Seicavs exlandeli goris mazra,
garda borjomis xeobisa da samTavisis ubnisa, da amas garda dvaleTi,
miwerili Tergis mxareze. kaTedra urbnisSi, rezidencia mRvdelmTavrisa
q.gorSi. mRvdelmTavris pativi: urbneli episkopozi.
v) awyurisa. samwyso: samcxe, javaxeTi da zemo-somxeTi (teritoria Zveli
eparqiebisa: awyuris, wurwyabis, kumurdosi, eruSeTis, dadaSenis, wyarosTavis,
anisis, karisa da alaSkertis), rasac Seadgens exlandeli axalcixis mazra
borjomis xeobis mimatebiT, axalqalaqis mazra, artaanis olqi, yarsis olqi,
yadzevanis olqi, gumbris mazra da amaT garda ori olqi osmaleTis
sazRvrebSi basiani da alaSkerti. kaTedra mRvdelmTavrisa awyverSi
(droebiT zarzmaSi), rezidencia q.axalcixeSi. mRvdelmTavris pativi `mawyvereli episkopozi~.
z) quTaisisa. samwyso: qvemo-imereTi (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: quTaisisa
da xonis), - exlandeli quTaisis mazra md. wyalwiTelas qvemod. kaTedra
quTaisSi da mwyemsmTavris rezidencia iqve. mwyemsmTavris pativi aris `quTaTeli mitropoliti~.

) genaTisa. samwyso: zemo-imereTi (teritoria genaTis Zveli eparqiisa), exlandeli Sorapnis mazra da okriba md. wyalwiTelas zemod. kaTedra
mRvdelmTavrisa gelaTSi, rezidencia q. zestafonSi. mRvdelmTavris
pativi: `genaTeli episkopozi~.
T) nikorwmidisa. samwyso: raWa (teritoria nikorwmidis Zveli eparqiisa), exlandeli raWis mazra. kaTedra nikorwmidaSi, rezidencia mRvdelmTavrisa
onSi. pativi mRvdelmTavrisa: `nikorwmideli episkopozi~.
i) cagerisa. samwyso: leCxum-svaneTi (teritoria cageris Zveli eparqiisa),
exlandeli leCxumis mazra. kaTedra cagerSi, mRvdelmTavris rezidencia
iqve. pativi mRvdelmTavrisa: `cagereli episkopozi~.
ia) Wyondidisa. samwyso: odiSi (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: Wyondidis,
caiSisa da walenjixasi), exlandeli senakisa da zugdidis mazrebi. kaTedra
mwyemsmTavrisa martvilSi, rezidencia q.foTSi. pativi mwyemsmTavrisa aris
- `Wyondideli mitropoliti~.
ib) baTom-Semoqmedisa. samwyso: guria, taoklarjeTi da WaneTi (teritoria
Zveli eparqiebisa: xinowmidisa imave baTomis, Semoqmedis, jumaTis,
satrafelasi, tbeTis, anCis, iSxanisa da banis), rasac Seicavs: ruseTis
sazRvrebSi exlandeli ozurgeTis mazra, baTomis, arTvinis da olTisis
olqebi, xolo osmaleTis sazRvrebSi olqebi: TorTomi, kiskimi, ispiri,
rize, aTina da xofa. kaTedra mRvdelmTavrisa q.baTomSi da rezidencia iqve.
pativi mRvdelmTavrisa: `baTomel-Semoqmedeli episkopozi~.
ig) cxum-bediisa (teritoria Zveli eparqiebis: drandisa imave cxumis,
bediisa, moqvisa da biWvinTisa). exlandeli soxumis olqi gagris ubnis
mimatebiT. kaTedra mRvdelmTavrisa cxumSi (soxumSi), rezidencia iqve.
mRvdelmTavris pativi aris - `cxumel-bedieli episkopozi~.
S e n i S v n a
1 .
mitropolitebi pativiT episko[pozebze maRla dganan. samitropolito kaTedrebi
ierarqiulad Tanasworni arian, agreTve saepiskopozo kaTedrebi. mwyemsmTavarni pativdebul iqmnebian xeldasxmis (qirotoniis)
uxucesobis mixedviT. gamonaklisia mxolod tfileli mitropoliti, rodesac igi faqtiurad kaTolikozis mosaydreobas asrulebs.
S e n i S v n a
2. am siis Secvla da Sevseba sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiis krebis kompetencias ekuTvnis.
$3. saqarTvelos eklesias mTlianad da nawilobriv (eparqias, olqsa da
samrevlos) ganageben krebebi (sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiisa, saeparqio,
saolqo da samrevlo), romelTac aRmasrulebel organoebad hyavs sabWoebi
(sakaTolikozo, saeparqio, saolqo da samrevlo).
mTavari
gamgeoba
$4.
saqarTvelos
eklesias
ganagebs
sruliad
saqarTvelos saeklesio kreba, romelsac Seadgens eklesiis srul-wlovan
wevrTa warmomadgenlebi, ganurCevlad sqesisa, Tanamdebobisa da xarisxisa,
TiToeul olqidan oTx-oTxi kaci, amaT garda saeklesio krebis aucilebel
wevrebad iTvlebian yvela mmarTveli mRvdelmTavrebi.
$5. sruliad saqarTvelos saeklesio krebas Tavmjdomareobs kaTolikozi,
xolo, roca igi ar aris, misi mosaydre, da Tu mosaydrec ar aris, erT-erTi
mRvdelmTavari krebis arCeviT. krebave airCevs prezidiumis danarCen wevrebsa
da mdivnebs. kreba aris Cveulebrivi xuT weliwadSi erTxel, da
araCveulebrivi roca saWiroeba moiTxovs, Cveulebriv krebas iwvevs
kaTolikozi, xolo araCveulebrivs an kaTolikozi, an sakaTolikozo sabWo,
saeparqio sabWoTa umravlesobis TanxmobiT. kreba kanonieria, Tu mowveulTa
erTi mesamedi mainc gamocxaddeba.
$6. sruliad saqarTvelos saeklesio krebis kompetencias eqvemdebareba: a)
adgilobrivi saeklesio kanonmdebloba; b) uzenaesi saeklesio samarTali; g)

sabolood garCeva da gadawyveta im saqmeebisa, romelTac mas sakaTolikozo

sabWo warmoudgens; d) arCeva sakaTolikozo sabWos da sakaTolikozo
sasamarTlos wevrebisa da maTi kandidatebisa; e) Zveli kaTedrebis aRdgena,
axali eparqiebis gaxsna an arsebul eparqiaTa daxurva da sazRvrebis
gamijvna; v) zrunva sasuliero saswavlebelTa daarsebisa da nivTierad
uzrunvelyofisaTvis; z) mTavari marTva-gamgeobis organoTa Statebis
damtkiceba.
$7. saeklesio krebis mudmivi aRmasrulebeli organo aris sruliad saqarTvelos
sakaTolikozos sabWo (anu SemoklebiT `sakaTolikozo sabWo~). sakaTolikozo sabWo Sesdgeba
Tormet wevrisagan. sabWos wevrad SeiZleba arCeul iqmnes qalica da kacic,
rogorc krebis delegatTa, ise ara-delegatTagan. sabWos wevrni, agreTve
oTxi maTi kandidati, aRirCevian saeklesio krebis mier xuTis wlis vadiT da
SeuZlianT xel-axla arCeul iqmnen. sabWos Tavmjdomareobs kaTolikozpatriarqi, xolo roca is avad aris an sxvagan sadme, misi mosaydre.
dasaxelebul Tormet wevrTa garda sabWoSi gadamwyvetis xmiT monawileobas
iRebs or-ori mRvdelmTavari, romelnic gamoiwvevian eparqiebidan rigrigobiT
ori Tvis vadiT, agreTve TiTo warmomadgeneli saeparqio sabWoTa, Tu
ukanasknelni
saWirod
da
TavisaTvis
SesaZleblad
dainaxaven
maT
warmogzavnas. sabWos sxdomis dReebisa da saqmeebis ganxilvis rigs awesebs
Tavmjdomare. sxdoma kviraSi orjer mainc unda moxdes da is kanonieria, Tu
rva wevri mainc daeswreba TavmjdomariTurT. sabWoSi sakiTxi ubralo xmis
umetesobiT swydeba, xolo roca xmebi Tanabrad iyofa, maSin is azri
upiratesobs, romelsac Tavmjdomare emxroba.
$8. sakaTolikozo sabWos samsaxuris mxriT eqvemdebarebian rogorc
mRvdelmTavarni da sasuliero pirni, agreTve saeklesio dawesebulebani da
maTSi mosamsaxureni, xolo sarwmunoebisa da saeklesio disciplinis mxriT
yoveli wevrni saqarTvelos eklesiisa. sabWos dadgenilebani savaldebuloa
yvela saeklesio dawesebulebaTa da eklesiis wevrTaTvis; imaTi Secvla
SeuZlia mxolod sabWos da saeklesio krebas. sakaTolikozo sabWo Tavis
funqciebis aRsrulebis dros xelmZRvanelobs saRmrTo weriliT, msoflio da
adgilobriv (maT Soris saqarTvelos eklesiis) krebaTa dadgenilebiT da
saxelmwifoSi momqmed kanonmdeblobiT. sakaTolikozo sabWos aqvs damxmare
organoebi: kancelaria, samoswavlo komiteti, sameurneo gamgeoba da
samonastro gamgeoba: amaT garda sabWos hyavs iuriskonsulti.
$9. sakaTolikozo sabWos eqvemdebareba Semdegi saqmeebi: a) zrunva
saeklesio swavla-moZRvrebisa da qarTuli RvTismetyvelebis ayvavebisa da
Seuryvnelad dacvisaTvis; b) zrunva samwysoTa sarwmunoebriv-zneobrivi
warmatebisaTvis; g) saeklesio kanonTa da saqarTvelos saeklesio krebis
dadgenilebaTa ganmarteba; roca saWiroeba moiTxovs, axali kanon-proeqtis
SemuSaveba da saeparqio sabWoebTan SeTanxmebiT, droebiT, morig saeklesio
krebamde, cxovrebaSi gatareba; krebas ufleba aqvs daadasturos an uarhyos am
wesiTY cxovrebaSi gatarebuli kanoni; d) Tvalyuris devneba mis qveiT mdgom
pirTa da dawesebulebaTa moqmedebisa; e) zrunva monasterTa, taZarTa,
saqvelmoqmedo da saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaTa keTil-mowyobisa da
warmatebisaTvis; v) winawari ganxilva da saTanado dawesebulebaTa winaSe
Suamdgomlobis aRZrva monasterTa, eklesiaTa, saqvelmoqmedo da samoswavlosaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaTa daarsebis Sesaxeb; z) saTanado saxelmwifo
dawesebulebaTa da Tanamdebobis pirTa winaSe saeklesio saqmeTa gamo

Suamdgomlobis aRZrva; ) zrunva samRvdeloebis qonebrivad uzrunvelyofisaTvis; T) zrunva samsaxuridan gasul samRvdelo pirTa, saeklesio
moxeleTa da samRvdelobis qvriv-obolTaTvis; i) zrunva saRmrTo da
saeklesio-saRvTismsaxuro wignTa Sedgenisa, Sesworebisa da gamocemisaTvis;
ia) mRvdelmTavarTa, Tanaxmad maTis Txovnisa, samsaxuridan ganTavisufleba;
ib) reviziis daniSvna sxva da sxva saWiroebaTa da SemTxvevaTa gamo; ig)
eparqiebisa
da
saeklesio
dawesebulebaTa
xarjTaRricxvis
ganxilvadamtkiceba; id) saeparqio da sxva da sxva saeklesio dawesebulebaTa wliuri
angariSebis ganxilva da mTeli sakaTolikozos wliuri angariSis Sedgena
krebisaTvis warsadgenad; ie) saeklesio uZrav qonebaTa SeZena-ganTvisebis
damtkiceba; iv) sabolood garCeva da damtkiceba saeparqio sabWoTagan
Semosul saqmeTa; iz) nebarTva sakaTolikozoSi nebayoflobiTi Sewirulebis
saqvelmoqmedo mizniT Sekrebisa; i) sxva avtokefalur eklesiebTan
urTierTobis daWera; iT) winaswari muSaoba sruliad saqarTvelos saeklesio
krebis mowvevisaTvis da agreTve am krebaze gansaxilvel sakiTxTa damuSaveba
da masalebis Sekreba; k) xelmZRvaneloba kaTolikozis arCevnebisa; ka) micema
droebiTis
Tavisuflebisa,
erT
Tveze
metis
vadiT,
episkopozebisa,
sakaTolikozo sabWosa da sakaTolikozo sasamarTlos wevrebisa da
sabWos damxmare organoTa gamgeTaTvis; kb) ganxilva da gadawyveta im
saqmeebisa, romelnic saeparqio sabWoebidan gadmoecema; kg) zrunva galobis
aRdgena-gamSvenebisaTvis; kd) zrunva saarqeologio naSTTa dacvisaTvis.
$10. kaTolikozi. saWeTmpyroblad (mTavar-winamZRvrad) eklesiisa iTvleba
mTavarepiskopozi mcxeTisa da sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikoz-patriarqi,
romelsac
irCevs
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
yvela
srulwlovani
wevri
pirdapiris, sayovelTao, Tanasworis da farulis xmis micemiT.
S e n i S v n a : sakaTolikozo kandidatisaTvis berobis miReba savaldebulo araa. fizikurisa da zneobrivis mxriT
igi unda akmayofilebdes saeklesio kanonTa moTxovnilebas da unda hqondes miRebuli umaRlesi sazogado ganaTleba da Sesaferi
saRvTismetyvelo momzadeba.
$11. kaTolikoz-patriarqi aris `pirveli TanasworTa Soris~ (mociq. kan. 34)
da misi kompetencia
aseTia: a) is Tavmjdomareobs sruliad saqarTvelos
saeklesio krebas, sakaTolikozo sabWos da sakaTolikozo sasamarTlos; b)
mwyemsmTavrulad mimoixilavs sakaTolikozos eparqiebs da xelmZRvanelobas
uwevs episkopozebs saeparqio mTavar-gamgeobaSi; g) mis saxels ixsenieben
wirva-locvis dros sakaTolikozos mRvdelmTavarni da samRvdeloeba; d) igi
aZlevs droebiTs Tavisuflebas: episkopozebs, sakaTolikozo sabWoisa da
sasamarTlois wevrebs da sabWois damxmare organoTa gamgeebs ara umetes
erTi Tvisa weliwadSi, xolo saeparqio marTva-gamgeobis organoTa da
sasamarTlos Tavmjdomareebs da wevrebs ori Tvidan da mets; e) agreTve
aZlevs daTxovniTs sigelebs im episkopozebs, romelnic eparqiidan droebiT
sxvagan sadme midian; v) rogorc Tavmjdomare sakaTolikozo sasamarTlosi,
igi iRebs saCivars episkopozTa, sakaTolikozo sabWos da sasamarTlos
wevrTa, saeparqio krebaTa da saeparqio dawesebulebaTa (sabWos da
sasamarTlos) Sesaxeb da aZlevs am saCivars kanonier msvlelobas; z) rogorc
Tavmjdomare sakaTolikozo sabWosi, is zrunavs uepiskoposod darCenil
eparqiebisaTvis; ) saWiro SemTxvevaSi, sabWos mindobilobiT, is aZlevs
rCevas da mwyemsmTavrul SeniSvnas episkopozebsa da saeparqio marTvagamgeobis organoTa da sasamarTlois Tavmjdomareebsa da wevrebs; T)
sabWosave
mondobilobiT
imas
miwer-mowera
aqvs
sxva
avtokefalur

eklesiebTan da saxelmwifos
Cveulebriv
saeklesio
krebas
umravlesobis TanxmobiT.

umaRles dawesebulebebTan; i)
da
araCveulebrivs
saeparqio

moiwvevs
sabWoTa

saeparqio marTva-gamgeoba $12. saeparqio mmarTvelobis mTavari organo

aris saeparqio kreba, romelzedac TviToeuli olqi hgzavnis oTxs warmomadgenels.
kreba orgvaria: Cveulebrivi, weliwadSi erTxel, da araCveulebrivi
saWiroebisdagvarad. krebas Tavmjdomareobs adgilobrivi mRvdelmTavari;
roca mRvdelmTavari ar aris, kreba TiTon irCevs Tavmjdomares samRvdelo
pirTa Soris. krebave irCevs prezidiumis danarCen wevrebs da mdivnebsac. kreba
kanonieria, Tu masze gamocxadda ara umcires mowveulTa naxevrisa.
$13. saeparqio krebis uflebas Seadgens: a) saeparqio sabWos da saeparqio
sasamarTlos wevrTa da maTi kandidatebis arCeva; b) Tvalyuris devneba
saeparqio cxovrebisa da saeparqio dawesebulebaTa moqmedebisa; g) eparqiis
danawileba olqebad, an arsebul olqTa gadamijvna; d) zrunva saeklesio,
samoswavlo da saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaTa daarsebisa, gaumjobesebisa
da nivTier saSualebaTa gamonaxvisaTvis eparqiaSi; e) adgilobrivi sabWos
mier SemuSavebul wesebis da instruqciebis damtkiceba; v) zrunva galobis
gaumjobesebisaTvis da agreTve zrunva siZveleTa dacvisaTvis.
$14. saeparqio krebis aRmasrulebeli organo aris saeparqio sabWo. sabWos
Tavmjdomareobs adgilobrivi mRvdelmTavari, xolo, roca igi araa, maSin
sabWos wevrebi Tvis Soris airCeven Tavmjdomares samRvdelo pirTagan. sabWo
Sesdgeba eqvsi wevrisagan, romelTac irCevs kreba rogorc sasuliero, ise
saero pirTagan. sabWos wevrebi irCevian saeparqio krebis mier sami wlis
vadiT. amaT garda sabWos hyavs mdivani, romelsac TviT sabWo moiwvevs.
$15. saeparqio sabWos kompetencias eqvemdebareba: a) sarwmunoebis da
zneobis dacva-ganmtkicebisaTvis zrunva eparqiaSi; b) Tvalyuris devneba
samonastro da saeklesio qonebaTa marTva-gamgeobisa eparqiaSi; g) ganxilva im
saqmeebisa, romelTac mas saolqo krebebi an saolqo sabWoebi warmoudgenen;
d) Tvalyuris devneba yvela saeklesio dawesebulebaTa da saeklesio
Tanamdebobis pirTa moqmedebisa eparqiaSi; e) ganxilva sakiTxisa axali
olqebis gaxsnis an arsebul olqTa Semcirebisa gind gayofisa da
gadamijvnisa eparqiis farglebSi; v) saeparqio krebaze gansaxilvel sakiTxTa
winaswari damuSaveba; z) gacema iseTi dokumentebisa, romelnic morwmuneTa
moqalaqeobriv mdgomareobas Seexebian; ) saeparqio wliur angariSis Sedgena
saeparqio krebisa da sakaTolikozo sabWosaTvis warsadgenad; T) berobisa da
sasuliero wodebidan ganTavisufleba.
SeniSvna: saqmeebi wydeba ubralo xmis umetesobiT; magram, roca sabWosa da mRvdelmTavars Soris uTanxmoebaa,
maSin sadavo saqme gadaecema sakaTolikozo sabWos.
$16. episkopozi. episkopozi aris eparqiis sarwmunoebriv-zneobrivi cxovrebis
xelmZRvaneli da ganagebs eparqias saeparqio sabWosTan erTad. saepiskopozo
kandidati aRirCevis sayovelTao, pirdapiri, Tanaswori da faruli xmis
micemiT, xolo xeldaasxams mas kaTolikozi episkopozTa krebiTurT.
saepiskopozo kandidats unda hqondes miRebuli umaRlesio ganaTleba
da
Sesaferi saRvTismetyvelo momzadeba, xolo ukidures SemTxvevaSi ara
umcires saSualo saRvTismetyvelo ganaTlebisa; fizikurad da zneobrivad
unda akmayofilebdes saeklesio kanonTa moTxovnilebas.

S e n i S v n a: saepiskopozo kandidatisaTvis berad Sedgoma savaldebulo ar aris.

$17. episkopozis kompetencias ekuTvnis: a) sruli ufleba mTels eparqiaSi
swavla-moZRvrebisa; b) ufleba yovelgvaris mRvdelmoqmedebis Sesrulebisa; g)
zrunva, raTa mis eparqiaSi morwmuneni saRs saeklesio swavlebas icavdnen; d)
mas aqvs ufleba axsnas qorwinebis dros zogierTi dabrkolebani, romelnic
naTesauri kavSiridan gamomdinareoben; e) sarwmunoebriv saqmeebSi masze
damokidebuli arian epaqriis yvela wevrebi; v) mis saxels aRavlens wirvalocvis dros mTeli eparqiis samRvdeloeba; z) is aZlevs droebiTs
Tavisuflebas,
ara
umetes
erTi
Tvisa,
saeparqio
dawesebulebebSi
mosamsaxureT, - episkopozi valdebulia: a) daemorCilos saeklesio kanonebsa
da
mTavar
saeklesio
mmrTvelobis
mier
kanonierad
gamocemuls
dadgenilebaTa, xolo roca ama Tu im saeklesio kanonisa an dadgenilebis
DSesaxeb gaugebroba rame daibadeba, gansamarteblad mTavar saeklesio
mTavrobas mihmarTos; b) cxoveli kavSiri iqonios samwysosTan da am mizniT
xSir-xSirad mimoixilos Tavisi eparqia; g) yvelaferSi daemorCilos sruliad
saqarTvelos saeklesio krebas da, roca sakaTolikozo sabWo miiwvevs,
aRniSnul
krebaze
gamocxaddes;
d)
mTavari
saeklesio
mTavrobis
nebadaurTvelad ara moimoqmedos ra iseTi, rac mis uflebas aRemateba; e)
wirva-locvis dros kaTolikozis saxels ixseniebdes; v) sxva eparqiaSi Tavisi
nebiT ara daiwyos ra; z) pativiscemiT epyrobodes sxva mRvdelmTavrebs,
saeparqio sabWoebsa da saeparqio gadawyvetilebas. rogorc saeparqio
sasamarTlos Tavmjdomares, episkopozs ufleba aqvs, am sasamarTlos
ganaCenis Tanaxmad, damnaSave mRvdeli mRvdelmoqmedebidan gankveTos, epitemia
daados, anu moxsnas da sxv.
saolqo mmarTveloba $18. saeklesio olqSi Sedis ara umcires 10-isa da
ara umetes 15-is samrevloisa.
$19. olqs ganagebs saolqo kreba, romelSiac monawileobas iRebs olqis
TviTeuli samrevlodan ori-ori warmomadgeneli. krebas Tavmjdomareobs
samRvdelo piri krebisave arCeviT. saolqo krebas iwvevs saolqo sabWo da igi
kanonieria, Tu masze gamocxaddeba ara umcires yvela wevrTa naxevrisa.
saolqo kreba aris: Cveulebrivi weliwadSi orjel da araCveulebrivi
saWiroebisadagvarad.
$20. saolqo krebis kompetencias ekuTvnis: a) saolqo sabWosi da saolqo
sasamarTlos
wevrTa
da
maTi
kandidatebis
arCeva,
agreTve
arCeva
delegatebisa saeparqio da sruliad saqarTvelos saeklesio krebisaTvis; b)
zrunva samrevloebSi saeklesio cxovrebis mowesrigebisa da warmatebisaTvis;
g) zrunva qvriv-obol-gaWivrebulTaTvis, da sazogadod saqvelmoqmedo saqmis
moywoba olqSi; d) saolqo sabWos moqmedebis angariSTa ganxilva; e)
Suamdgomlobis aRZvra da mosazrebaTa wardgena Sesaxeb axalis samrevlebis
daarsebisa, arsebul samrevloTa gayofisa da Semcirebisa; v) sasyidlis
daniSvna saolqo sabWos da saolqo sasamarTlos mdivnisa da saqmis
mwarmoebelisaTvis.
$21. saolqo krebis aRmasrulebeli organo aris saolqo sabWo, romelic
Sesdgeba Tavmjdomarisa (usaTuod mRvdeli unda iyos) da eqvsi wevrisagan,
romelRac irCevs saolqo kreba sami wlis vadiT, rogorc saero, agreTve
sasuliero pirTagan. sabWos hyavs mdivani, romelsac iwvevs TviT sabWo.

$22. saolqo sabWo: a) adgens saolqo wliur angariSs, romelsac warudgens

saolqo krebasa da saeparqio sabWos; b) winaswar daamuSavebs sakiTxebs,
romelic saolqo krebas unda waredginos gansaxilvelad; g) iwvevs saolqo
krebas da xelmZRvanelobas uwevs samrevlo krebebs wevrTa arCevaSi; d)
iZleva saWiro cnobebs olqis dawesebulebaTa da mosamsaxure pirTa Sesaxeb,
roca amas umaRlesi saeklesio dawesebulebani moiTxoven; e) zrunavs
moawesrigos
krebulis
wevrTa
Soris
amtydari
uTanxmoebani
saZmo
Semosavlisa da sazogadod sameurneo saqmeebis gamo, agreTve amave xasiaTis
uTanxmoebani krebulis wevrTa da samrevlo sabWoebs Soris da sxv.
S e n i S v n a . dawvrilebiTs instruqcias saolqo sabWoebisaTvis SeimuSavebs sakaTolikozo sabWo.
samrevlo $23. samrevlo aris erTis sarwmunoebriv-zneobriobis mizniT,
urTierTis daxmarebis azriT, saeklesio meurneobiT, sakuTaris krebulis
xelmZRvanelobiT, saerTo taZris garSemo Semokrebili da episkopozze
kanoniurad damokidebuli morwmuneTa sazogadoeba.
S e n i S v n a . samrevlo iuridiul pirs warmoadgens.
$24. samrevlos gaxsna ar SeiZleba, ukeTu morwmuneTa ricxvi imdenad
mcirea, rom sakuTari taZrisa da krebulis Senaxva ar SeuZliaT. TviTeul
samrevlos uWiravs gansazRvruli teritoria, romlis sazRvrebi SeiZleba
Seicvalos sxva samrevloebTan SeTanxmebiT da saTanado saeklesio mTavrobis
nebarTviT.
S e n i S v n a . qalaqebSi samrevloTaTvis teritoriuli principis dacva savaldebulo ar aris.
$25. mrevlad iTvleba yoveli morwmune, romelic gansazRvruls samrevlos
ekuTvnis, Setanilia samrevlo wignSi da monawileobas iRebs yvela xarjebSi,
rasac samrevlo eweva.
S e n i S v n a .
rodesac morwmunes erTi samrevlos teritoriidan meoresaSi uxdeba gadasvla (magal.
qalaqebSi), mas SeuZlia, Tu moisurvebs, winandeli samrevlos wevrad darCes.
$26. yovel samrevlos aqvs Tavisi sakuTreba, rasac Seadgenen sxvadasxva
saxelwodebisa da daniSnulebis Tanxebi da maTi Semosavali, sanTlis mogeba,
taZarSi, samrevloSi an sxvagan Segrovili Semowiruloba, sasaflaos
Semosavali, samrevlo da sakrebulo adgilmamuli da misi Semosavali,
yovelgvari saganmanaTleblo da saqvelmoqmedo xasiaTis Semowiruleba,
sakrebulo saxlebi, taZari da misi samkauli, sasaflao da sxva. am
sakuTrebas samrevlo ganagebs Sesafer organoTa saSualebiT.
S e n i S v n a
1 . taZari aris morwmuneTa samlocvelo Senoba, samrevlo, saeklesio, saxelmwifo anu
kerZo qvelmoqmedTa xarjiT agebuli. erTsa da imave samrevloSi SeiZleba iyos zedmiwerili taZari, romelSiac, Tu saWiroeba
moiTxovs da mosaxerxebelic iqneba, sruldeba yovelgvari RvTismsaxureba.
S e n i S v n a
2 . micvalebulTa dasamarxad samrevlos miCenili aqvs sagangebo adgili-sasaflao. samrevlos
SeuZlia saflavebisaTvis gansazRvruli fasi daawesos, mxolod Raribebi ufasod unda imarxeboden.
$27. rodesac samrevlo sabolood ixureba, misi qoneba gadadis
saqarTvelos eklesiis kuTvnilebad: Tu is sxva samrevlos miewera, imisi
qoneba ukanasknelis kuTvnilebad iqceva; xolo rodesac samrevlos romelime
nawili damoukidebel samrevlod gamoiyofa, imas saerTo qonebidan miecema
dakmayofileba ZiriTadis samrevlos gadawyvetilebisameber.
$28.
samrevlos
ganagebs
samrevlo
kreba,
romelsac
Seadgens
yevla
marTlmadidebeli qali da kaci (ara umcires 20-is wlisa), romelnic am
samrevlos sabuTebSi arian Cawerilni rogorc wevrni samrevloisa. kreba aris
Cveulebrivi weliwadSi orjel da ara-Cveulebrivi saWiroebisamebr,
samrevlo krebas iwvevs samrevlo sabWo. kreba unda mowveul iqnas im

SemTxvevaSic,
roca
amas
moiTxovs
ara
umcires
samrevlois
20-is
srulwlovanis wevrisa. kreba TiTon irCevs Tavmjdomares da, Tu saWiroa,
mdivansac. kreba kanonieria, ukeTu masze samrevlois yvela srulwlovan
wevrTa mesamedi mainc gamocxaddeba, xolo Tu kreba pirvel mowvevaze ar
Sesdga, meored igi kanonieria, ramdeni wevric unda gamocxaddes.
$29. samrevlos krebis kompetencias ekuTvnis: a) arCeva krebulisa da
samrevlo sabWos wevrebisa da maTi kandidatebisa, agreTve samrevlos
molarisa (uwindeli `mnaTisa~); b) eklesiisa da krebulis SenaxvisaTvis
zrunva; g) samarTalSi micema samrevlo sabWois wevrebisa samsaxuris
aRsrulebis dros uflebis aRmatebisa da borotmoqmedebisaTvis; d) aRZrva
saqmisa saolqo anu saeparqio sasamarTloebis winaSe krebulis wevrTa
Sesaxeb maTi uTanado moqmedebisa da cudi yofaqcevisaTvis; e) zrunva
eklesiis
ganSvenebisa
da
keTilmowyobisaTvis;
v)
zrunva
samrevlos
sarwmunoebriv-zneobrivi srulyofisa da mis saganmanaTleblo-saqvelmoqmedo
dawesebulebaTaTvis; z) zrunva sakrebulo saxlisa da sasaflaosaTvis; )
daniSvna sarevizio komisiis wevrebisa samrevlo sabWos moqmedebisa da
angariSis
gansaxilvelad;
T)
arsebul
samrevlos
gayofis
Sesaxeb
Suamdgomlobis aRZrva; i) Suamdgomlobis aRZvra uZrav-moZravi qonebis
SeZenisa da ganTvisebis Sesaxeb; ia) aReba iseTis sesxisa, romelinic
samrevlos Tviur Semosavals aRemateba; ib) Suamdgomlobis aRZrva taZris
kapitalurad gadakeTebis Sesaxeb, roca trapezis aSlaa saWiro; ig) arCeva
delegatebisa saolqo krebisaTvis.
$30. samrevlo krebis aRmasrulebeli organo aris samrevlo sabWo, romelic
Sedgeba ara umcires eqvsisa da ara umetes Tormetis wevrisa, romelTac
irCevs samrevlo kreba sami wlis vadiT. samrevlo sabWos Tavmjdomareobs
eklesiis winamZRvari, xolo roca igi ar aris, maSin sabWo TviTon irCevs
Tavmjdomares Tvis Soris. sabWos sxdomebi imarTeba TveSi erTxel, xolo, Tu
saWiroeba moiTxovs, ufro xSirad, saqmeebi wydeba ubralo xmis umetesobiT,
xolo, roca xmebi Tanabrad iyofa, maSin is azri upitaresobs, romelsac
Tavmjdomare emxroba.
S e n i S v n a . sabWos wevrad, agreTve molared irCeva rogorc mamakaci, ise dedakaci.
$31. samrevlo sabWos kompetencia aris: a) eklesiis uZrav-moZravi qonebis
marTva-gamgeoba; b) yovelgvari
statistikuri cnobis Sekreba, rasac ki
samrevlos marTva-gamgeobisaTvis aqvs raime mniSvneloba; g) akrefa saeklesio
gadasaxadisa mrevlSi da misi daniSnulebisamebr moxmareba; d) zrunva
eklesiisa da krebulis Sesanax saSualebaTa gasaZliereblad; e) zrunva
taZrisa da RvTismsaxurebis keTil-mowyobisaTvis; v) zrunva qvriv-obolTa da
gaWirvebulTaTvis qvelmoqmedebis wesiT; z) aRZrva saqmisa im pirTa
winaaRmdeg, romelnic eklesiasa da morwmuneTa sarwmunoebrivs grZnobas
Selaxaven; ) mowveva samrevlo krebisa da winaswari damuSaveba im
sakiTxebisa, romelic krebam unda ganixilos; T) gamgeoba samrevlo
sasaflaosi; i) samrevlo qonebisa da Tanxebis yovelTviuri Semowmeba; ia)
Tavisi moqmedebis wliuri angariSis Sedgena saolqo sabWosa da samrevlo
krebisaTvis warsadgenad.
S e n i S v n a . samrevlo sabWos aucilebeli wevria samrevlo molare (uwindeli `mnaTe~), romelic awarmoebs
wmida sanTlis operacias, iRebs samrevlo Tanxmebs da inaxavs sakredito dawesebulebebSi, awarmoebs Semosaval-gasavlis wignsa
da adgens samrevlois Semosaval-gasavlis wliur angariSs. molares irCevs samrevlo kreba sami wlis vadiT.

$32. krebuli. krebulis aucilebel wevrad iTvlebian: mRvdeli da wignismkiTxveli, xolo, sadac SeZlebaa, iq samrevlos diakonica (mTavari) hyavs.
S e n i S v n a
1 . diakoni da wignis-mkiTxveli arian mxolod TanaSemweni mRvdlisa da uimisod
araviTari mRvdelmoqmedebis Sesruleba ar SeuZlianT samrevloSi.
S e n i S v n a
2 . erTsa da imave samrevloSi ori mRvdlis yofna sasurveli ar aris; magram, Tu amas
moiTxovs samrevlos sidide da aucilebeli saWiroeba, samrevlos SeuZlia Tavis winamZRvars TanaSemwed meore mRvdeli misces.
$33. mRvdeli. mRvdeli valdebulia: a) mudam Tavis mrevlSi scxovrobdes da
samrevlo ar dastovos, gansakuTrebiT roca iq raime moaruli seni gaCndeba
da roca samrevlos gansacdeli ram moelis; b) gansakuTrebul Tvalyurs
adevnebdes sakuTars yofaqcevas, rogorc sazogadoebaSi, ise Tavis saxlSi; g)
asrulos sazogadoebrivi RvTismsaxureba dawesebul dros; d) mrevlis
moTxovnilebisamebr aasrulos saWiro mRvdelmoqmedeba; e) Tvalyuri adevnos
taZrisa da saRvTismsaxuro sagnebis sisufTavesa da keTilSvenierebas; v)
Tvalyuri adevnos mrevlSi saeklesio disciplinisa da zneobis dacvas; z)
roca samsaxuris dros ama Tu im sakiTxis Sesaxeb eWvi daebadeba, movalea
axsna-ganmartebisaTvis saolqo an saeparqio sabWos mihmarTos; ) mis
upirveles movaleobas Seadgens eklesiaSi qadageba da sazogadod swavlamoZRvreba; T) mRvdeli movalea RvTismsaxurebis dros kaTolikozisa da
Tavisi episkopozis saxeli moixsenios; i) agreTve movalea krebulis sxva
wevrTa saSualebiT saeklesio sabuTebi awarmoos; ia) Tavis samrevloSi
mRvdels ufleba aqvs sxvis mRvdels romlisame mRvdelmoqmedebis Sesrulebis
neba ar misces.
$34. krebulis wevrebs irCevs samrevlo kreba, romelsac am SemTxvevaSi
xelmZRvanelobas uwevs saolqo sabWo Tavisi warmomadgenlis SemweobiT.
arCevis Semdeg saolqo sabWos warmomadgeneli Seadgens saarCevno sigels,
romelsac warudgens saolqo sabWos, xolo es ukanaskneli Tavisi
daskvniTurT saeparqio sabWos dasamtkiceblad. saeparqio sabWos ufleba
aqvs samrevlos dasabuTebuli uari uTxras da axali kandidatis arCeva
mosTxovos. krebis mier meored arCeuli kandidati unda damtkicebul iqmnas
sabWos mier.
$35. samRvdelo da sadiakvno kandidati unda iyos moqalaqeobrivad
srulwlovani, xolo wignis mkiTxvelad SeiZleba ufro axalgazrdac airCes.
fizikurad samRvdelo da sadiakvno kandidati unda akmayofilebdes
saeklesio kanonebis moTxovnilebas. rac Seexeba maT zneobriv TvisebaTa
gamorkvevas, es mTlianad amomrCevelTa ndobisa da sindisis saqmea; samRvdelo
kandidats unda hqondes miRebuli saSualo sazogado ganaTleba da yovel
SemTxvevaSi
ara
umcires
sruli
progimnaziuli
ganaTlebisa.
amave
moTxovnilebas unda akmayofilebden, SeZlebisdagvarad, sadiakvno kandidatebi
da wignis mkiTxvelnic, romelTac unda icodnen RvTismsaxurebis wesebi da
saeklesio sabuTebis warmoeba, rac windawinve (arCevamde) unda iyos
Semowmebuli romelsame saeparqio sabWosagan.
S e n i S v n a . wignis-mkviTxvelad SeiZleba arCeul iqmnes rogorc mamakaci, ise dedakaci.
saeklesio samarTali $36. saqarTvelos eklesiis samarTals eqvemdebareba
am eklesiis yvela wevri iseT saqmeSi saeklesio swavla-moZRvrebisa, zneobriv
cxovrebisa, saeklesio wyobilebisa da saeklesio samsaxuris winaaRmdeg,
romelTaTvisac saeklesio kanoniT dadgenilia gansazRvruli sasjeli anu
zomebi zRvevisa da gasworebisa.

$37. saeklesio samarTali gancalkevebulia saeklesio gamgeobisagan, e.i.

aqvs sakuTari organoebi, garda sruliad saqarTvelos saeklesio krebisa,
romelic uzenaesi organoa rogorc gamgeobisa, ise samarTlisa eklesiaSi. am
krebis
garda
saeklesio
samarTals
aqvs
kidev
Semdegi
organoebi:
sakaTolikozo, saeparqio da saolqo sasamarTloebi.
$38. gansakuTrebuli instituti saqmis gamomZieblisa ar arsebobs, aramed
sasamarTlo TviTon irCevs gamomZiebels Tavis wevrTagan TviToeul
SemTxvevaSi. ar arsebobs arc prokuroris Tanamdeboba, aramed sasamarTlos
erTerT wevrs miendoba sabraldebo oqmis Sedgena da moxseneba; es wevri
Semdeg monawileobas aRar iRebs ganaCenis gamotanaSi.
S e n i S v n a .
braldebuls neba aqvs sasamarTloSi damcveli (veqili) daixmaros, magram TviT
sasamarTlosTan damcvelis instituti ar arsebobs.
$39. saeklesio samarTali daxuruli ar aris, saqmis garCevas gareSenic
eswrebian.
ganaCens
sasamarTlos
wevrebi
daadgenen
Tavisi
Sinaganis
darwmunebis Tanaxmad, da mxolod mas Semdeg, roca Semowmebul iqneba
sasamarTloSi warmodgenili sabuTebi.
$40. yoveli saqme arsebiTad gadawydeba ors instanciaSi da mesame
instancia iqneba sakasacio. sruliad saqarTvelos saeklesio krebis ganaCeni
ki sabolovoa, Tundac iq saqme pirvelis instanciiT wydebodes.
saolqo sasamarTlo $41. yovel saeklesio olqs aqvs erTi saolqo
sasamarTlo, romlis Semadgenloba aseTia: Tavmjdomare usaTuod mRvdeli
da oTxi wevri, romelTac irCevs saolqo kreba sami wlis vadiT. igive kreba
irCevs sasamarTlos wevrTa kandidatebsac.
S e n i S v n a . sasamarTlos wevrebi ganmeorebiTac SeiZleba arCeul iqmnen.
$42.
saolqo
sasamarTlos
eqvemdebareba
iseTi
saqmeebi
($36),
romelTaTvisac saeklesio kanoniT dadgenilia SeniSvna da datuqsva.
saeparqio sasamarTlo $43. saeparqio sasamarTlos hyavs Tavmjdomare
adgilobrivi mRvdelmTavari da eqvsi wevri, romelTac irCevs saeparqio
kreba sami wlis vadiT.
S e n i S v n a
1 . roca mRvdelmTavari ar aris, maSin sasamarTloSi Tavmjdomareobs erTi wevri
mRvdelTagani TviT sasamarTlos arCeviT.
S e n i S v n a
2 . sasamarTlodan gasuli wevri SeiZleba xelmeored arCeul iqmnes. - sasamarTlos
wevrebTan erTad saeparqio kreba irCevs maT kandidatebsac.
$44.
saeparqio
sasamarTlos
eqvemdebarebian:
a)
danaSaulobani,
romelTaTvisac
saeklesio
kanoniT
dadgenilia
umZimesi
zomebi:
mRvdelmoqmedebis Sesrulebis akrZalva, samsaxuridan gadayeneba; b) agreTve
saolqo sabWoebis wevrTa danaSaulobani samsaxuris aRsrulebis dros; g)
gasaCivrebuli saqmeebi saolqo sasamarTloebidan; d) ganqorwinebis saqme.
sakaTolikozo sasamarTlo $45. sakaTolikozo sasamarTlos hyavs
Tavmjdomare kaTolikozi da rva wevri, arCeulni sruliad saqarTvelos
saeklesio krebis mier xuTi wlis vadiT. roca saqme romelsame episkopozs
Seexeba, maSin saqmis garCevaSi monawileobas iReben gadamwyvetis xmiT yvela
saeparqio mRvdelmTavrebic.
S e n i S v n a
1 . roca kaTolikozi ar aris, maSin sakaTolikozo sasamarTlos Tavmjdomareobs kaTolikozis
mosaydre.
S e n i S v n a
2 . wevrebTan erTad saeklesio krebis mier airCeva maTi oTxi kandidatic.

$46.
sakaTolikozo
sasamarTlos
eqvemdebareba:
a)
danaSaulobani,
romelTaTvisac
saeklesio
kanoniT
daniSnulia
eklesiis
wevrobidan
gamoricxva; b) saeparqio sabWoebis wevrTa da mRvdelmTavarTa danaSaulobani
samsaxurSi; g) gansaCivrebuli saqmeebi saeparqio sasamarTloebidan apelaciis
wesiT da saolqo sasamarTloebidan kasaciis wesiT.
uzenaesi saeklesio samarTali $47. uzenaesi saeklesio samarTali
sruliad saqarTvelos saeklesio krebis xelSia ($6 da $40), romelic aris
pirveli da saboloo msjavris damdebi organo sakaTolikozo sabWos da
sakaTolikozo sasamarTlos wevrebisa. mas eqvemdebareba: a) kaTolikozisa da
sakaTolikozo sabWos da sasamarTlos wevrTa uTanado moqmedebani da
danaSaulobani samsaxurSi da b) gansaCivrebuli saqmeebi sakaTolikozo
sasamarTlodan apelaciis wesiT, xolo saeparqio sasamarTloebidan kasaciis
wesiT.
gadmobeWdilia wignidan - `debulebani miRebuli saqarTvelos 1917 wlis
saeklesio krebaze, tfilisi, stamba `cxovreba~, gabaanT Sesaxvevi, #4, 1917 w.
12. saqarTvelos meore saeklesio krebis (27.06.1920) mier gamocemuli `debuleba~
1918 wlis 26 maiss gamocxadda saqarTvelos saxelmwifo-ebriobis aRdgena,
warmoiSva damoukidebeli `saqarTvelos respublika~. I-el msoflio omSi
ruseTis
imperiis
marcxis
Semdeg
germaniisa
da
osmaleTis
mxarem
saqarTvelos gavlenian partiebsa da erovnul sabWos wauyena moTxovnaultimatumi gamoecxadebinaT saqarTvelos damoukidebeli saxelmwifos
daarseba,
winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi
osmaleTi
moaxdenda
amierkavkasiis
okupirebas (rusis jarma am droisaTvis datova amierkavkasia). amis gamo,
amierkavkasiis samma xalxma (qarTvelebma, azerbaijanelebma da somxebma)
gamoacxades TavianTi saxelmwifo damoukidebloba. saqarTveloSi saxelmwifo
mmarTveloba Tavis xelSi aiRo im droisaTvis xalxSi popularulma socialdemokratiulma partiam, misma `menSevikurma~ frTam. es partia iqamde mudam
ibrZoda saqarTvelos damoukideblobis winaaRmdeg, TavgamodebiT icavda
`erTiani, ganuyofeli ruseTis~ ideas,
SemTxvevis wyalobiT, menSevikuri
partia moeqca im saxelmwifos saTaveSi, romlis warmoSobis winaaRmdegac
ibrZoda aTwleulebis manZilze. aman asaxva pova mis damokidebulebaSi
qarTuli eklesiisadmi. cxadia, maT ver Seafases qarTuli eklesiis
mniSvneloba.
amitomac 1920 wlis 27 ivniss gamarTulma saeklesio krebam imsjela
mTavrobis mier eklesiis mimarT gamotanili gadawyvetilebaTa Sesaxeb da
aRniSna, rom didad ilaxeboda eklesiis da morwmune eris interesebi.
II kreba Seexo eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebas. krebam gaauqma
Tbilisis samitropolito kaTedra, gaaerTiana mcxeTisa da Tbilisis
eparqiebi, romelic Sevida kaTolikos-patriarqis iurisdiqciaSi.
krebam SeimuSava marTva-gamgeobis axali debuleba; kaTolikoz-patriarqad
daamtkica uwmidesi da unetaresi leonide.

saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeoba

(debulebani, miRebuli sruliad saqarTvelos 1920 wlis saeklesio krebis

mier)
$1. marTva-gamgeobis mxriv saqarTvelos eklesia ganiyofeba eparqiebad,
eparqiebi olqebad, xolo olqebi samrevloebad.
$2. saqarTvelos eklesiaSi Semdegi eparqiebia:
a) mcxeTisa da tfilisisa, romlis mwyemsTmTavari aris `mTavar-episkopozi mcxeTisa
da tfilisisa da sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikoz-patriarqi~. samwyso:
saqarTvelos eklesiis wm. dedaqalaqi mcxeTa, orisave aragvisa da qsanlexuris xeobani, gare-qarTli da gare-kaxeTi (teritoria Zveli eparqiebis:
mcxeTisa, wilknisa, nawili samTavisisa da samTavrosi, tfilisisa, manglisisa,
walkisa, dmanisisa, bolnisisa, winwyarosi, agarakisa, rusTavisa, kawareTisa
da ninowmidisa), rasac Seicavs exlandeli duSeTis mazra Semdegis
cvlilebiT: dasavleTiT emateba qsan-lexuris xeobaTa qvemo-nawili vidre
wlevis mTamde, tfilisis da borCalos mazrebi da bambakis xeoba. kaTedra
eparqiisa aris mcxeTa (sveticxovelSi), xolo kaTolikozis rezidenciatfilisSi.
SeniSvna 1. kaTolikoz-patriarqis samwysos Seadgens saqarTvelos eklesiis wevrni, mcxovrebni sakaTolikozos gareT iseT
qveynebSi, sadac marTlmadidebeli episkopozi ar aris, da saqarTvelos mxedroba.
SeniSvna 2. kaTolikozis gardacvalebis Semdeg gamoiwveva erT-erTi mRvdelmTavari da igi iwodeba kaTolikozis mosaydred,
kaTolikozis arCevamde.
b) alaverdisa. samwyso: Sida-kaxeTi (teritoria Zveli eparqiebis: alaverdisa,
nekresisa da xarWaSenis), rasac Seicavs exlandeli Telavisa da TianeTis
mazrebi xarWiSos ubnis mimatebiT da amaT garda didoeT-durZukeTi, miwerili
Tergisa da daRestnis mxareebze. kaTedra alaverdSi, rezidencia
mRvdelmTavrisa q.TelavSi. pativi mRvdelmTavrisa aris - `alaverdeli
episkopozi~ (anu `abba alaverdeli~).
g) bodbisa. samwyso: hereTi, rani, Saqi da wuqeTi (teritoria Zveli
eparqiebisa: bodbisa, Weremisa, giSisa da xoranabujisa), rasac Seadgens
exlandeli mazrebi da olqebi siRnaRisa, zaqaTalisa, samuisa, nuxisa,
areSisa, ganjisa da yazaxisa. kaTedra - bodbeSi, rezidencia mRvdelmTavrisa
q.siRnaRSi. pativi mRvdelmTavris: `bodbeli episkopozi~.
d) urbnisisa. samwyso: Sida-qarTli (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: urbnisis,
ruisis, niqozisa, nawili samTavisisa
da samTavrosi), rasac Seicavs
exlandeli goris mazra, garda borjomis xeobisa, da amas garda dvaleTi,
miwerili Tergis mxareze. kaTedra urbnisSi, rezidencia mRvdelmTavrisa
q.gorSi. mRvdelmTavris pativi: `urbneli episkopozi~.
e) awyurisa. samwyso: samcxe, javaxeTi da zemo-somxeTi (teritoria Zveli
eparqiebisa: awyuris, wurwyabis, kumurdosi, eruSeTis, dadaSenis, wyarosTavis,
anisis, karisa da alaSkertis), rasac Seadgens exlandeli axalcixis mazra
borjomis xeobis mimatebiT, axalqalaqis mazra, artaanis olqi, yarsis olqi,
yaRzevanis olqi, gumbris mazra da amaT garda ori olqi osmaleTis
samzRvrebSi basiani da alaSkerti. kaTedra mRvdelmTavrisa awyverSi
(droebiT zarzmaSi), rezidencia q.axalcixeSi. mRvdelmTavris pativi `mawyvereli episkopozi~.
v) quTaisisa. samwyso: qvemo-imereTi (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: quTaisisa
da xonis), - exlandeli quTaisis mazra md. wyalwiTelas qvemod. kaTedra

quTaisSi da mwyemsmTavris rezidencia iqve. mwyemsmTavris pativi aris `quTaTeli mitropoliti~.

z) genaTisa. samwyso: zemo-imereTi (teritoria genaTis Zveli eparqiisa), exlandeli Sorapnis mazra da okriba md. wyalwiTelas zemod. kaTedra
mRvdelmTavrisa gelaTSi, rezidencia q. zestafonSi. mRvdelmTavris
pativi: `genaTeli episkopozi~.
) nikorwmidisa. samwyso: raWa (teritoria nikorwmidis Zveli eparqiisa), exlandeli raWis mazra. kaTedra nikorwmidaSi, rezidencia mRvdelmTavrisa
onSi. pativi mRvdelmTavrisa: `nikorwmideli episkopozi~.
T) cagerisa. samwyso: leCxum-svaneTi (teritoria cageris Zveli eparqiisa), exlandeli leCxumis mazra. kaTedra cagerSi. mRvdelmTavris rezidencia
iqve. pativi mRvdelmTavrisa: `cagereli episkopozi~.
i) Wyondidisa. samwyso: odiSi (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: Wyondidis,
caiSisa da walenjixisa), exlandeli senakisa da zugdidis mazrebi. kaTedra
mwyemsmTavrisa martvilSi, rezidencia q.foTSi. pativi mwyemsmTavrisa aris
- `Wyondideli mitropoliti~.
ia) baTom-Semoqmedisa. samwyso: guria, tao-klarjeTi da WaneTi (teritoria
Zveli eparqiebisa: xinowmidisa imave baTomisa, Semoqmedisa, jumaTisa,
satrafelasi, tbeTisa, anCisa, iSxanisa da banisa), rasac Seicavs saqarTvelos
respublikis sazRvrebSi exlandeli ozurgeTis mazra, baTomis, arTvinis da
olTisis olqebi, xolo osmaleTis sazRvrebSi olqebi: TorTomi, kiskimi,
ispiri, rize, aTina da xofa. kaTedra mRvdelmTavrisa q.baTomSi da
rezidencia iqve. pativi mRvdelmTavrisa: `baTomel-Semoqmedeli episkopozi~.
S e n i S v n a .
sanam guriis eparqiaSi sakuTari mRvdelmTavari dainiSnebodes exlandel guriasamegrelos episkoposs ewodos Wyondidel-Semoqmedeli.
ib) cxum-afxazeTisa (teritoria Zveli eparqiebis: drandisa imave cxumis,
bediisa, moqvisa da biWvinTisa). exlandeli soxumis olqi gagris ubnis
mimatebiT. kaTedra mRvdelmTavrisa cxumSi (soxumSi), rezidencia iqve.
mRvdelmTavris pativi aris - `cxumel-afxazeli mitropoliti~.
S e n i S v n a
1 .
mitropolitebi pativiT episko[pozebze maRla dganan. samitropolito kaTedrebi
ierarqiulad Tanasworni arian, agreTve saepiskopozo kaTedrebi. mwyemsmTavarni pativdebul iqmnebian xeldasxmis (qirotoniis)
uxucesobis mixedviT.
S e n i S v n a
2. am siis Secvla da Sevseba sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiis krebis kompetencias ekuTvnis.
mTavari gamgeoba $3. saqarTvelos eklesias ganagebs saqarTvelos
saeklesio kreba, romelsac Seadgens ori-ori warmomadgeneli TiTo
olqisagan. amaTgan erTi ueWvelad samRvdelo pirTagani unda iyves, xolo
meore eklesiis srulwlovan wevrTagan, ganurCevlad sqesisa, Tanamdebobisa
da xarisxisa (SeiZleba sasuliero piri iyves).
amaT garda saeklesio krebis aucilebel wevrebad iTvlebian yvela
mmarTveli mRvdelTmTavrebi, sakaTolikozo sabWos wevrebi, TviTeul
eparqiiTgan TiTo warmomadgeneli dedaTa da mamaTa monastrebisa, da TiTo
warmomadgeneli sasuliero umaRles da saSualo saswavlebelTagan da
tfilisis saxelmwifo universitetisagan.
SeniSvna 1. avadmyofobis dros mRvdelTmTavars ufleba aqvs wargzavnos krebazed Tavisi warmomadgeneli.
SeniSvna 2. delegatad arCeul unda iqmnas saeroTagan iseTi piri, romelic sam ukanasknel weliwadSi erTxel mainc ziarebula,
xolo samRvdeloTagan, romelic weliwadSi orjer ityvis aRsarebas Tavis moZRvarTan, da romelTac sasamarTlos mier ar aqvT
CamorTmeuli anu SezRuduli sazogado krebaze daswrebis ufleba.
SeniSvna 3. delegats saolqo krebis wevrni irCeven Tvis Soris.

SeniSvna 4. delegatad ar SeiZleba arCeul iqmnas mRvdlis xarisxisagan gandgomili an gankveTili.

$4. sruliad saqarTvelos saeklesio krebas Tavmjdomareobs kaTolikozi,
xolo, roca igi ar aris, misi mosaydre, da Tu mosaydrec ar aris, erT-erTi
mRvdelmTavari krebis arCeviT. krebave airCevs prezidiumis danarCen wevrebsa
da mdivnebs. kreba aris perioduli, weliwadSi erTxel, da mudmivi
sakaTolikozo sabWos saxeliT. periodul krebas iwvevs kaTolikozi, an misi
mosaydre. kreba kanonieria, Tu mowveulTa naxevari mainc gamocxaddeba.
$5. saqarTvelos eklesiis periodul krebis kompetencias eqvemdebareba: a)
adgilobrivi saeklesio kanonmdebloba; b) uzenaesi saeklesio samarTali; g)
sabolood garCeva da gadawyveta im saqmeebisa, romelTac mas sakaTalikozo
sabWo warmoudgens; d) arCeva sakaTolikozo sabWos, anu mudmivi krebis
wevrebisa da maTi kandidatebisa; e) Zveli kaTedrebis aRdgena, axali
eparqiebis gaxsna an arsebul eparqiaTa daxurva da sazRvrebis gamijvna; v)
zrunva
sasuliero
saswavlebelTa
daarsebisa
da
nivTierad
uzrunvelyofisaTvis.
$6. mudmivi kreba anu sakaTalikozo sabWo Sesdgeba yvela mmarTvel mRvdelTmTavarTagan
da eqvsi wevrisagan. sabWos wevrebi da maTi 6 kandidati aRirCevian saeklesio
krebis mier, rogorc delegatTa, ise ara delegatTagan. naxevari arCeuli
wevrebisa da maTi kandidatebisa uTuod samRvdelo pirni unda iyvnen.
SeniSvna: kaTalikoz-patriarqi da sabWos wevrebi pasuxismgebelni arian periodul krebis winaSe.
$7. sabWos wevrni, agreTve maTi kandidatebi aRirCevian saeklesio krebis
mier sami wlis vadiT da SeuZlianT xel-axla arCeul iqmnan. sabWos
Tavmjdomareobs kaTolikoz-patriarqi, xolo roca is avad aris an sxvagan
sadmea uxucesi samRvdelo piri.
SeniSvna: periodul krebas aqvs sabWos arCeuli wevri ganaTavisuflos samsaxuriTgan vadis gaTavebamdec.
$8. sabWos sxdoma kanonieria, Tu mas daeswreba Tavmjdomare da tfilisSi
myof wevrTa naxevari.
SeniSvna: mmarTvelni mRvdelmTavarni sabWos sxdomebze gamoiwvevian saWiroebisdagvarad.
$9. sabWoSi sakiTxi ubralo xmis umetesobiT swydeba, xolo roca xmebi
Tanabrad iyofa, maSin is azri upiratesobs, romelsac Tavmjdomare emxroba.
$10. sabWos wevrT ar aqvT ufleba Tavi Seikavon xmis micemisagan.
$11. Tu romelime wevri moisurvebs kerZo azris Setanas, movalea
gamosTqvas igi TviT sxdomazed, da ara ugvianes sami dRisa warudginos
werilobiT sxdomis Tavmjdomares, JurnalSi Sesatanad, anu dasarTvelad.
SeniSvna: kerZo azri ver SeaCerebs miRebuli ganCinebis sisruleSi moyvanas.
$12. saqmeebis ganxilvis rigs awesebs Tavmjdomare.
$13. sakiTxis aRZvris ufleba aqvs sabWos yvela wevrs, am uflebis
gansaxorcieleblad saWiroa
werilobiTi gancxadebis Setana kaTolikozpatriarqis saSualebiT, romelic movalea aRniSnuli gancxadeba gadasces
gansaxilvelad sabWos umaxlobels krebas.
$14. kaTolikoz-patriarqs ar aqvs ufleba, moxsnas Tavis gankargulebiT
sakiTxi rigisagan, xeli SeuSalos ganCinebis gamotanas dasmul sakiTxze, an
SeaCeros ganCinebis sisruleSi moyvana.
$15. kaTolikoz-patriarqi, Tu dainaxavs, rom sabWos mier gamotanili
ganCineba mavnebeli da sazianoa sarwmunoebriv-zneobrivi mxriT eklesiis
keTildReobisaTvis, - SeuZlia ganacxados protesti da samis dRis
ganmavlobaSi
Seitanos
sabWoSi
werilobiTi
winadadeba
sakiTxis
gadasinjvisaTvis. es winadadeba sabWom unda ganixilos ara ugvianes Svidi

dRisa (sxdomas unda daeswros tfilisSi myof wevrTa ori mesamedi mainc) da
Tu am sxdomaze gamotanili ganCinebac ver gaiziara kaTolikozma, ukanasknels
SeuZlia an SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba, an gadasces igi gansaxilvelad
umaxlobeles periodul krebas, an sisruleSi moiyvanos Tavisi winadadeba
perioduli krebis winaSe piradis pasuxismgeblobiT.
SeniSvna: am gvari protestis ufleba aqvs mxolod kaTolikoz-patriarqs.
$16. roca sabWoSi irCeva saCivari Tavmjdomaris anu sabWos wevris ukanono
moqmedebaTa gamo, dainteresebul pirs neba aqvs darCes darbazSi saqmis
moxsenebis dros da miawodos sabWos saWiro ganmarteba, magram, roca sabWo
Seudgeba ganCinebis gamotanas, ueWvelad unda dastovos darbazi.
SeniSvna: roca saCivari exeba Tavmjdomaris (kaTolikozis) ukanono moqmedebas, sabWos Tavmjdomareobs uxucesi damswre
mRvdelTmTavarTagan.
$17. sabWos ganCinebas xels awers yvelazed uwin Tavmjdomare da mas ukan
yvela im sxdomaze damswre wevri, miuxedavad imisa, Tanaxma iyo igi
gamotanili ganCinebisa, Tu ara.
$18. sabWos wevrTa Soris saqmeTa ganawileba da maTi warmoebis wesi xdeba
sabWosve ganCinebiT. Tu romelime wevri ar asrulebs Tavis movaleobas da
xels uSlis saqmis normalurad warmoebas, sakaTolikozo sabWos eZleva
ufleba misi gadayenebisa da mis adgilzed kandidatis mowvevisa. amis Sesaxeb
sakaTolikozo sabWo valdebulia, moaxsenos morig saeklesio krebas,
msjavris dasadebad.
$19. sakaTalikozo sabWos samsaxuris mxriT eqvemdebarebian rogorc
mRvdelmTavarni da sasuliero pirni, agreTve saeklesio dawesebulebani da
maTSi mosamsaxureni, xolo sarwmunoebisa da saeklesio disciplinis mxriT
yoveli wevri saqarTvelos eklesiisa. sabWos dadgenilebani savaldebuloa
yvela saeklesio dawesebulebaTa da eklesiis wevrTaTvis; imaTi Secvla
SeuZlia mxolod sabWos da periodul krebas. sakaTolikozo sabWo Tavisi
funqciebis aRsrulebis dros xelmZRvanelobs saRmrTo weriliT, msoflio da
adgilobrivi (maT Soris saqarTvelos eklesiis) krebaTa dadgenilebiT da
saxelmwifoSi moqmed kanonmdeblobiT. sakaTolikozo sabWos aqvs damxmare
organoebi, kancelaria da sxva.
$20. sakaTolikozo sabWos anu mudmiv krebas eqvemdebareba Semdegi saqmeebi:
a) zrunva saeklesio swavla-moZRvrebisa da qarTuli RvTismetyvelebis
ayvavebisa da Seuryvnelad dacvisaTvis; b) zrunva samwysoTa sarwmunoebrivzneobrivi warmatebisaTvis; g) saWiroebaTa mixedviT arsebul kanonTa
farglebSi gankargulebis gamocema da droebiT, morig saeklesio krebamde,
cxovrebaSi misi gatareba; d) Tvalyuris devneba mis qveviT mdgom pirTa da
dawesebulebaTa moqmedebisa; e) zrunva monasterTa, taZarTa, saqvelmoqmedo da
saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaTa keTil-mowyobisaTvis; v) ganxilva da
saTanado
dawesebulebaTa
winaSe
Suamdgomlobis
aRZvra
monasterTa,
eklesiaTa, saqvelmoqmedo da samoswavlo-saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaTa
daarsebis Sesaxeb; z) saTanado saxelmwifo dawesebulebaTa da Tanamdebobis
pirTa winaSe saeklesio saqmeTa gamo Suamdgomlobis aRZvra; ) zrunva
samRvdeloebis qonebrivad uzrunvel-yofisaTvis; T) zrunva samsaxuriTgan
gasul
samRvdelo
pirTa,
saeklesio
dawesebulebaTa
moxeleTa
da
samRvdelobis
qvriv-obolTaTvis;
i)
zrunva
saRmrTo
da
saeklesiosaRvTismsaxuro wignTa Sedgenisa, Sesworebisa da gamocemisaTvis; ia)
mRvdelmTavarTa, Tanaxmad maTis moTxovnisa, samsaxuriTgan ganTavisufleba;

ib) reviziis daniSvna sxva da sxva saWiroebaTa da SemTxvevaTa gamo; ig)

eparqiebisa
da
saeklesio
dawesebulebaTa
xarjTaRricxvis
ganxilvadamtkiceba; id) saeparqio dawesebulebaTa wliuri angariSebis ganxilva da
mTeli sakaTolikozois wliuri angariSis Sedgena perioduli krebisaTvis
warsadgenad; ie) saeklesio uZrav qonebaTa SeZena-ganTvisebis damtkiceba; iv)
sabolood garCeva apelaciis da kasaciis wesiT saeparqio sasamarTloTagan
Semosul saqmeTa; iz) nebarTva sakaTolikozos eklesiebSi nebayoflobiTi
Sewirulebis saqvelmoqmedo mizniT Sekrebisa; i) sxva avtokefalur
eklesiebTan urTierTobis daWera; iT) winaswari muSaoba periodul krebis
mowvevisaTvis da agreTve am krebaze gansaxilvel sakiTxTa damuSaveba da
masalebis Sekreba; k) xelmZRvaneloba kaTolikozis arCevnebisa; ka) micema
droebiTis
Tavisuflebisa,
erT
Tveze
metis
vadiT,
episkopozebisa,
sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrebis da sabWos damxmare organoTa gamgeTaTvis; kb)
zrunva galobis aRdgena-gamSvenebisaTvis; kg) zrunva saarqeologio naSTTa
dacvisaTvis;
kd)
zrunva
uepiskoposod
darCenil
eparqiaTaTvis;
ke)
danaSaulobani, romelTaTvis saeklesio kanoniT daniSnulia eklesiis
wevrTagan gamoricxva da mRvdlis xarisxiTgan gankveTa; kv) saeparqio
sasamarTlos wevrTa da mRvdelmTavarTa danaSaulobani samsaxurSi.
$21. kaTolikozi. saWeTmpyroblad (mTavar-winamZRvrad) eklesiisa iTvleba
mTavarepiskopozi mcxeTisa da tfilisisa da sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikoz-patriarqi, romelsac irCevs saqarTvelos eklesiis perioduli
kreba, faruli xmis micemiT.
S e n i S v n a : sakaTolikozo kandidatisaTvis berobis miReba savaldebulo ar aris. fizikurisa da zneobrivis
mxriT, igi unda akmayofilebdes saeklesio kanonTa moTxovnilebas da unda hqondes miRebuli umaRlesi sazogado ganaTleba da
Sesaferi saRvTis-metyvelo momzadeba.
$22. kaTolikoz-patriarqis kompetencia aseTia: a) is Tavmjdomareobs
sruliad
saqarTvelos
saeklesio
periodul
da
mudmiv
krebas;
b)
mwyemsmTavrulad mimoixilavs sakaTolikozos eparqiebs da xelmZRvanelobas
uwevs episkopozebs saeparqio marTva-gamgeobaSi; g) mis saxels ixsenieben
wirva-locvis dros sakaTolikozos mRvdelmTavarni da samRvdeloeba; d) igi
aZlevs droebiTs Tavisuflebas episkopozebs, sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrebs
da sabWos damxmare organoTa gamgeebs ara umetes erTi Tvisa weliwadSi,
xolo saeparqio marTva-gamgeobis meTaurebs organoTa da sasamarTlos
wevrebs ori Tvidan da mets; e) agreTve aZlevs daTxovnis sigelebs im
episkopozebs, romelnic droebiT eparqiiTgan sxvagan sadme midian; v) iRebs
saCivars episkopozTa, sakaTolikozo sabWos wevrTa, saeparqio krebaTa da
saeparqio dawesebulebaTa (sasamarTlos) Sesaxeb da aZlevs am saCivrebs
kanonier msvlelobas; z) saWiro SemTxvevaSi, sabWos mindobilobiT, is aZlevs
rCevas da mwyemsmTavrul SeniSvnas episkopozebsa da saeparqio sasamarTlois
Tavmjdomareebsa da wevrebs; ) sabWosave mindobilobiT imas miwer-mowera
aqvs
sxva
avtokefalur
eklesiebTan
da
saxelmwifos
umaRles
dawesebulebebTan; i) moiwvevs saeklesio periodul krebas.
saeparqio
marTva-gamgeoba
$23.
episkopozi.
saeparqio
mmarTvelobaSi
saeklesio krebis funqciebis ganmasaxierebeli aris misi wevri, - adgilobrivi
mRvdelmTavari, romelsac marTva-gamgeobaSi daxmarebas uwevs saeparqio kreba.
$24. saepiskopozo kandidati aRirCevis saeparqio krebis mier. saepiskopozo
kandidats unda hqondes miRebuli umaRlesi ganaTleba da Sesaferisi

saRvTismetyvelo momzadeba, xolo ukidures SemTxvevaSi ara umcires

saSualo saRvTismetyvelo ganaTlebisa; fizikurad da zneobrivad unda
akmayofilebdes saeklesio kanonTa moTxovnilebas.
S e n i S v n a 1. saepiskopozo kandidatisaTvis berad Sedgoma savaldebulo ar aris.
SeniSvna 2. saepiskopozo kandidatis arCeva xdeba Semdegi wesiT: kandidatis dasaxeleba SeuZlia daqvrivebuli eparqiis
yovelsave wevrs. eparqiis daqvrivebisagan sami Tvis gadasvlamdis, dasaxelebul kandidatTa sias eparqiis droebiTi mmarTveli
mRvdelTmTavari warudgens saTanado cnobebis TandarTviT kaTolikoz-patriarqs. kandidatTa sias ixilavs mmarTvel episkopozTa krebuli
(sami unda ueWvelad daeswros piradad, xolo danarCenTagan gamoiTxovebis saTanado gramata). episkopozTa krebulisagan ganxiluli
sia waregzavneba eparqiis droebiT mmarTvel episkopozs krebisaTvis gadasacemad. yvela kandidats kenWi eyreba cal-calke. arCeulad
iTvleba is, vinc yvelaze mets kenWs miiRebs, magram ara umcires delegatTa naxevrisa, arCeul kandidats amtkicebs sakaTolikozo
sabWo.
SeniSvna 3. Tu saeparqio krebam saepiskozo kandidati ar airCia, maSin mRvdelTmTavari iniSneba sakaTolikozo sabWos mier.
$25. episkopozis kompetencias ekuTvnis: a) sruli ufleba mTels eparqiaSi
swavla-moZRvrebisa; b) ufleba yovelgvaris mRvdelmoqmedebis Sesrulebisa; g)
zrunva, raTa mis eparqiaSi morwmuneni saRs saeklesio swavlebas icavdnen da
ganmtkicebuliyvnen keTil zneobaSi; d) Tvalyuris devneba samonastro
saeklesio qonebaTa marTva-gamgeobisa eparqiaSi; e) ganxilva saolqo krebebis
ganCinebaTa; v) Tvalyuris devneba yvela saeklesio dawesebulebaTa da
saeklesio Tanamdebobis pirTa moqmedebisa eparqiaSi; z) sabolood ganxilva
da gadaWra sakiTxisa axali olqebis gaxsnis an arsebul olqTa Semcirebisa,
gind gayofisa da gadamijvnisa eparqiis farglebSi; ) ufleba krebulis
wevrTa adgilzed arCeul kandidatis damtkicebisa; T) sarwmunoebriv saqmeSi
masze damokidebulni arian eparqiis yvela wevrebi; i) mis saxels aRavlens
wirva-locvis dros mTeli eparqiis samRvdeloeba; ia) is aZlevs droebiTs
Tavisuflebas,
ara
umetes
oris
Tvisa,
saeparqio
dawesebulebebSi
mosamsaxureT da krebulis wevrTa; ib) berobisa da sasuliero wodebiTgan
ganTavisufleba.
episkopozi valdebulia: a) daemorCilos saeklesio kanonebsa da mTavar
saeklesio mmrTvelobis mier kanonierad gamocemul dadgenilebaTa, xolo
roca ama Tu im saeklesio kanonisa an dadgenilebis DSesaxeb gaugebroba rame
daebadeba, gansamarteblad mTavar saeklesio mTavrobas mihmarTos; b) cxoveli
kavSiri iqonios samwysosTan da am mizniT xSir-xSirad mimoixilos Tavisi
eparqia; g) yvelaferSi daemorCilos periodul da mudmiv saeklesio krebas; d)
mTavari saeklesio mTavrobis nebadaurTvelad ara moimoqmedos ra iseTi, rac
mis uflebas aRemateba; e) wirva-locvis dros kaTolikozis saxels
ixseniebdes; v) sxva eparqiaSi Tavisi nebiT ara daiwyos ra; z) pativiscemiT
epyrobodes sxva mRvdelmTavrebs; ) saeparqio krebaze gansaxilveli
sakiTxebi winaswar gadaugzavnos saolqo krebis Tavmjdomares; T) gasces
iseTi dokumentebi, romelnic morwmuneTa moqalaqeobriv mdgomareobas
Seexebian;
i)
Seadginos
wliuri
angariSebi
saeparqio
krebisa
da
sakaTolikozo sabWosaTvis warsadgenad.
$26. saeparqio kreba. eparqiis mRvdelmTavars marTva-gamgeobaSi daxmarebas uwevs
saeparqio kreba.
$27. saeparqio kreba orgvaria, - Cveulebrivi weliwadSi erTxel, da
araCveulebrivi, saWiroebisdagvarad.
$28. saeparqio kreba Sesdgeba TviTeuli or-oris warmomadgenlisagan,
romelTagan erTi ueWvelad samRvdelo piri unda iyves.

SeniSvna 1. delegatad arCeva SeiZleba mxolod iseTi pirisa, romelic sam ukanasknel weliwadSi erTxel mainc ziarebula da
romelsac sasamarTlos mier ar aqvs CamorTmeuli anu SezRuduli sazogado krebaze daswrebis ufleba. samRvdeloTagan delegatad
airCeva iseTi piri, romelic weliwadSi orjer mainc ityvis aRsarebas Tavis moZRvarTan.
SeniSvna 2. warmomadgenelad ar SeiZleba arCeva mRvdlis xarisxiTgan gandgomilisa, an gankveTilisa.
SeniSvna 3. warmomadgenels olqis krebis wevrni irCeven Tvis Soris.
SeniSvna 4. krebis ueWvelni wevrni arian saeparqio sasamarTlos wevrni da TiTo warmomadgenelni eparqiis berTa da
monazonTa.
$29. krebas Tavmjdomareobs adgilobrivi mRvdelmTavari. Tu is ar aris,
kreba TviTon irCevs Tavmjdomares samRvdelo pirTa Soris. krebave irCevs
prezidiumis danarCen wevrebs da mdivnebs. kreba kanonieria, Tu masze
gamocxadda ara umcires mowveulTa naxevrisa.
$30. saeparqio krebis uflebas Seadgens a) saeparqio sasamarTlos wevrTa
da maTi kandidatebis arCeva; b) Tvalyuris devneba saeparqio cxovrebisa da
saeparqio dawesebulebaTa moqmedebisa; g) zrunva saeklesio, samoswavlo da
saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaTa daarsebisa, gaumjobesebisa da nivTier
saSualebaTa
gamonaxvisaTvis
eparqiaSi;
d)
zrunva
galobis
gaumjobesebisaTvis da agreTve zrunva siZveleTa dacvisaTvis.
S e n i S v n a .
saepiskoposo krebis ganCineba Sedis ZalaSi, Tu mas emxroba adgilobrivi
mRvdelmTavari, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, sakiTxi gadaecema sakaTolikozo sabWos.
saolqo mmarTveloba $31. olqs saeparqio mTavrobis xelmZRvanelobiT
ganagebs olqis mTavaruxucesi, romelic aRirCevis olqis krebis mier
samRvdelo pirTagan samis wlis vadiT, damtkiceba ki damokidebulia
saeparqio mTavrobaze.
SeniSvna: mTavaruxucess hyavs TanaSemwe, Tu amas saWirod dainaxavs saolqo kreba. TanaSemwe aRirCevis krebis mier
imave wesiT, rogorc mTavaruxucesi.
$32. mTavaruxucesi adgens a) saolqos wliur angariSs, romelsac
warudgens saolqo krebasa da saeparqio mTavrobas b) winaswar daamuSavebs
sakiTxebs, romelic saolqo krebas unda waredginos gansaxilvelad; g)
xelmZRvanelobas uwevs samrevlo krebebs krebulis wevrTa arCevnebSi; d)
iZleva saWiro cnobebs olqis dawesebulebaTa da mosamsaxure pirTa Sesaxeb,
roca amas
umaRlesi saeklesio dawesebulebani moiTxoven; e) zrunavs
moawesrigos
krebulis
wevrTa
Soris
amtydari
uTanxmoebani
saZmo
Semosavlisa da sazogadod sameurneo saqmeebis gamo, agreTve amave xasiaTis
uTanxmoebani krebulis wevrTa da samrevlo sabWoebs Soris da sxva; v) aZlevs
krebulis wevrTa Tavisuflebas ara umetes oris kvirisa.
$33. saeklesio olqSi Sedis aTidan ocda xuT samrevlomde, adgilobrivis
pirobebis mixedviT.
$34. olqis kreba Sesdgeba olqis krebulTa yvela wevrisagan da TviTeul
samrevlo sabWos imodena warmomadgenelTagan, ramdenic wevria krebulSi.
$35. saolqo kreba kanonieria, Tu maszed gamocxadda olqis samrevloTa
umravlesobis warmomadgenelni.
$36. krebas Tavmjdomareobs olqis mTavaruxucesi, an misi TanaSemwe.
$37. saolqo kreba aris Cveulebrivi, weliwadSi erTxel da araCveulebrivi
saWiroebisadagvarad.
$38. saolqo krebis kompetencias ekuTvnis a) arCeva delegatebisa saeparqio
da periodul saeklesio krebisaTvis, da mTavaruxucesisa da misi TanaSemwisa;
b)
zrunva
samrevloebSi
saeklesio
cxovrebis
mowesrigebisa
da
warmatebisaTvis; g) zrunva qvriv-obol-gaWirvebulTaTvis, da
sazogadod

saqvelmoqmedo saqmis mowyoba olqSi; d) mTavaruxucesis angariSis ganxilva;

e) Suamdgomlobis aRZvra da mosazrebaTa wardgena Sesaxeb axlis
samrevloebis daarsebisa, arsebul samrevloTa gayofisa da Semcirebisa; v)
sasyidlis daniSvna mTavaruxucesisaTvis.
SeniSvna: saolqo krebis ganCinebani waredgineba saeparqio mTavrobas, romelzedac damokidebulia maTi damtkiceba.
samrevlo $39. samrevlo aris erTis sarwmunoebriv-zneobriobis mizniT,
urTierTis daxmarebis azriT, saeklesio meurneobiT, sakuTaris moZRvris
xelmZRvanelobiT, saerTo taZris garSemo Semokrebili da episkopozze
kanoniurad damokidebuli morwmuneTa sazogadoeba.
S e n i S v n a . samrevlo iuridiul pirs warmoadgens.
$40. samrevlos gaxsna ar SeiZleba, ukeTu morwmuneTa ricxvi imdenad
mcirea, rom sakuTari taZrisa da krebulis Senaxva ar SeuZliaT. TviTeul
samrevlos uWiravs gansazRvruli teritoria, romlis sazRvrebi SeiZleba
Seicvalos sxva samrevloebTan SeTanxmebiT da saTanado saeparqio mTavrobis
nebarTviT.
S e n i S v n a
1 . qalaqebSi samrevloTaTvis teritoriuli principis dacva savaldebulo ar aris.
SeniSvna 2. rodesac morwmunes erTi samrevlos teritoriidan meoresaSi uxdeba gadasvla (magal. qalaqebSi), mas SeuZlia, Tu
moisurvebs, winandeli samrevlos wevrad darCes.
$41. mrevlad iTvleba yoveli morwmune, romelic gansazRvruls samrevlos
ekuTvnis, Setanilia samrevlo davTarSi da monawileobas iRebs yvela
xarjebSi, rasac samrevlo eweva.
$42. yovel samrevlos aqvs Tavisi sakuTreba, rasac Seadgenen sxvadasxva
saxelwodebisa da daniSnulebis Tanxebi da maTi Semosavali, sanTlis mogeba,
taZarSi, samrevloSi an sxvagan Segrovili Semowiruloba, sasaflaos
Semosavali, samrevlo da sakrebulo adgilmamuli da misi Semosavali,
yovelgvari saganmanaTleblo da saqvelmoqmedo xasiaTis Semowiruloba,
sakrebulo saxlebi, taZari da misi samkauli, sasaflao da sxva. am
sakuTrebas samrevlo ganagebs Sesafer organoTa saSualebiT.
S e n i S v n a
1 . samrevlos Semosavali unda moxmardes mxolod saeklesio-sarwmunoebriv saWiroebas,
adgilobrivi mRvdelmTavris nebarTviT.
SeniSvna 2. taZari aris morwmuneTa samlocvelo Senoba, samrevlo, saeklesio, saxelmwifo anu kerZo qvelmoqmedTa xarjiT
agebuli. erTsa da imave samrevloSi SeiZleba iyos zedmiwerili taZari, romelSiac, Tu saWiroeba moiTxovs da mosaxerxebelic
iqmneba, sruldeba yovelgvari RvTismsaxureba.
S e n i S v n a
3 . micvalebulTa dasamarxad samrevlos miCenili aqvs sagangebo adgili - sasaflao.
samrevlos SeuZlia saflavebisaTvis gansazRvruli fasi daawesos, mxolod Raribebi ufasod unda imarxeboden.
SeniSvna 4. qalaqebis sazogado sasaflaoebis marTva-gamgeoba eqvemdebareba saeparqio mTavrobas, romelsac ekuTvnis
sasaflaoebis gasyidvisagan Semosuli fulis gamgeblobac.
$43. rodesac samrevlo sabolood ixureba, misi qoneba gadadis
saqarTvelos eklesiis kuTvnilebad; Tu is sxva samrevlos miewera, imisi
qoneba ukanasknelis kuTvnilebad iqceva; xolo rodesac samrevlos romelime
nawili damoukidebel samrevlod gamoiyofa, imas saerTo qonebidan miecema
dakmayofileba ZiriTadis samrevlos gadawyvetilebisamebr.
$44. samrevlos ganagebs saeparqio mTavrobis xelmZRvanelobis qveSe
eklesiis winamZRvari, samrevlo krebis da samrevlo sabWos daxmarebiT.
$45. samrevlo krebas Seadgens yevla marTlmadidebeli qali da kaci (ara
umcires 20-is wlisa), romelnic am samrevlos sabuTebSi arian Cawerilni
rogorc wevrni samrevloisa.
$46. ufleba samrevlo krebaSi monawileobis miRebisa gadamwyvetis xmiT
aqvT a) krebulis wevrT da b) yvela srulwlovan marTlmadidebel qalsa da

kacs (ara umcires ocis wlisa), romelnic am samrevlos sabuTebSi arian

Cawerilni, rogorc wevrni samrevloisa, gamonaklisi aRniSnulia qvemore
muxlSi.
$47. samrevlo krebaze monawileobis miRebis ufleba ar aqvT im pirT a)
romelnic daarRveven wesierebas taZarSi, agreTve samrevlo krebaze, b)
romelTac ar SemoaqvT samrevlo gadasaxadebi (Tu isini samrevlo krebis
mier ganTavisuflebulni ar arian, rogorc Raribebi, gadasaxadisagan), g)
romelnic sams ukanasknel weliwadSi arc erTxel ar ziarebulan, d)
romelnic javrdauwerelad scxovroben meuRleebTan da e) romelTac samis
wlisaze metis xnis Svili hyavT mounaTlavi.
$48 kreba aris Cveulebrivi weliwadSi orjel da araCveulebrivi
saWiroebisamebr. samrevlo krebas iwvevs da Tavmjdomareobs eklesiis
winamZRvari. kreba unda mowveul iqnas im SemTxvevaSic, roca amas moiTxovs
ara umcires samrevlois 20-is srul-wlovanis wevrisa; kreba kanonieria, ukeTu
masze samrevlos mekomurTa warmomadgenelTa 2/3 mainc gamocxaddeba, xolo
Tu kreba pirvel mowvevaze ar Sesdga, meored igi kanonieria, ramdeni wevric
unda gamocxaddes.
SeniSvna: sxdomis mdivans kreba TviTon irCevs.
$49. samrevlo krebis kompetencias ekuTvnis: a) arCeva krebulisa da
samrevlo sabWos wevrebisa da maTi kandidatebisa, agreTve samrevlos
molarisa (uwindeli `mnaTisa~); b) eklesiisa da krebulis SenaxvisaTvis
zrunva; g) samarTalSi micema samrevlo sabWois wevrebisa samsaxuris
aRsrulebis dros uflebis aRmatebisa da borotmoqmedebisaTvis; d) aRZvra
saqmisa saeparqio sasamarTloebis winaSe krebulis wevrTa Sesaxeb maTi
uTanado moqmedebisa da cudi yofaqcevisaTvis; e) zrunva eklesiis
ganSvenebisa da keTilmowyobisaTvis; v) zrunva samrevlos sarwmunoebrivzneobrivi
srulyofisa
da
mis
saganmanaTleblo-saqvelmoqmedo
dawesebulebaTaTvis; z) zrunva sakrebulo saxlisa da sasaflaosaTvis; )
daniSvna sarevizio komisiis wevrebisa samrevlo sabWos moqmedebisa da
angariSis
gansaxilvelad;
T)
arsebul
samrevlos
gayofis
Sesaxeb
Suamdgomlobis aRZvra; i) Suamdgomlobis aRZvra uZrav-moZravi qonebis
SeZenisa da ganTvisebis Sesaxeb; ia) aReba iseTis sesxisa, romelnic samrevlos
Tviur Semosavals aRemateba; ib) Suamdgomlobis aRZvra taZris kapitalurad
gadakeTebis Sesaxeb, roca trapezis aSlaa saWiro.
$50. samrevlo krebis aRmasrulebeli organo aris samrevlo sabWo, romelic
Sesdgeba krebulis yvela wevrTa da ara umcires eqvsisa da ara umetes
Tormetis wevrisa, romelTac irCevs samrevlo kreba sami wlis vadiT.
samrevlo sabWos Tavmjdomareobs eklesiis winamZRvari, xolo roca igi ar
aris, maSin sabWo TviTon irCevs Tavmjdomares Tvis Soris. sabWos sxdomebi
imarTeba TveSi erTxel, xolo, Tu saWiroeba moiTxovs, ufro xSiradac.
saqmeebi swydeba ubralo xmis umetesobiT, xolo, roca xmebi Tanabrad iyofa,
maSin is azri upiratesobs, romelsac Tavmjdomare emxroba.
S e n i S v n a
1 . Tu samrevlo krebisa da sabWos ganCineba eklesiis winamZRvars miaCnia saqmis
sazianod, mas SeuZlia ganCinebis sisruleSi moyvanis SeCereba da misi adgilobriv mRvdelmTavarTan gansaCivreba, - amis Sesaxeb
Tavis azri winamZRvarma unda gamosTqvas krebazedve.
SeniSvna 2. sabWos wevrad irCeva rogorc mamakaci, ise dedakaci.
SeniSvna 3. sabWos wevrad ar SeiZleba arCeul iqmnas samRvdelo xarisxiTgan gandgomili, an gankveTili.

$51. samrevlo sabWos kompetencia aris: a) eklesiis uZrav-moZravi qonebis

marTva-gamgeoba; b) yovelgvari
statistikuri cnobis Sekreba, rasac ki
samrevlos marTva-gamgeobisaTvis aqvs raime mniSvneloba; g) akrefa saeklesio
gadasaxadisa mrevlSi da misi daniSnulebisamebr moxmareba; d) zrunva
eklesiisa da krebulis Sesanax saSualebaTa gasaZliereblad; e) zrunva
taZrisa da RvTismsaxurebis keTil-mowyobisaTvis; v) zrunva qvriv-obolTa da
gaWirvebulTaTvis qvelmoqmedebis wesiT; z) aRZvra saqmisa im pirTa
winaaRmdeg, romelnic eklesiasa da morwmuneTa sarwmunoebrivs grZnobas
Selaxaven; ) winaswari damuSaveba im sakiTxebisa, romelic krebam unda
ganixilos; T) gamgeoba samrevlo sasaflaosi; i) samrevlo qonebisa da
Tanxebis yovelTviuri Semowmeba; ia) Tavisi moqmedebis wliuri angariSis
Sedgena mTavarxucesisa da samrevlo krebisaTvis warsadgenad.
S e n i S v n a
1 . samrevlo sabWos aucilebeli wevria samrevlos molare, romelic awarmoebs wmida
sanTlis operacias, iRebs samrevlo Tanxebs da inaxavs sakredito dawesebulebebSi, awarmoebs Semosaval-gasavlis wignsa da adgens
samrevlois Semosaval-gasavlis wliur angariSs. molares irCevs samrevlo kreba sami wlis vadiT.
SeniSvna 2. samrevlos molared unda arCeul iqmnas ueWvelad mama-kaci da masTanve wera-kiTxvis mcodne.
$52. krebuli. krebulis aucilebel wevrad iTvlebian: mRvdeli da wignismkiTxveli, xolo, sadac SeiZleba, iq samrevlos diakonica (mTavari) hyavs.
S e n i S v n a
1 . diakoni da wignis-mkiTxveli arian mxolod Tanamsaxurni mRvdlisa da uimisod araviTari
mRvdelmoqmedebis Sesruleba ar SeuZlianT samrevloSi.
S e n i S v n a
2 . erTsa da imave samrevloSi ori mRvdlis yofna sasurveli ar aris; magram, Tu amas
moiTxovs samrevlos sidide da aucilebeli saWiroeba, samrevlos SeuZlia Tavis winamZRvars TanaSemwed meore mRvdeli misces.
$53. arCevnebi krebulis wevrTa xdeba Semdegi wesiT: a) roca romelsame
samrevloSi ganTavisufldeba krebulis wevris adgili, pirni, romelTac surT
daiWiron es adgili, erTis Tvis ganmavlobaSi mis ganTavisuflebiTgan,
wargzavnian Txovnebs saeparqio mTavrobasTan yvela saWiro mowmobaTa
darTviT; b) saeparqio mTavroba hkrebs cnobebs yvela im pirTa Sesaxeb,
romelTac Seitanes Txovna da aqvs msjeloba warmodgenil kandidatebze; g)
mRvdelTmTavris mier Rirseul kandidatebad cnobil pirTa sia, yvela
cnobebis darTviT TviTeul kandidatze, waregzavneba samrevlo sabWos kenWis
sayrelad samrevlo krebaze; d) samrevlo kreba moiwveva ara ugvianes oris
kvirisa kandidatTa siis miRebiTgan. dro samrevlo krebis daniSvnisa ecnobeba
saolqos mTavaruxucess, romelic an piradad eswreba krebas, an wargzavnis
Tavis warmomadgenels; e) arCevnebi xdeba farulis xmis micemiT; g) TviTeul
kandidats kenWi eyreba cal-calke; z) arCevnebis dasrulebisas sdgeba aqti,
Sesaferi damowmebiT; ) eparqiis mRvdelmTavari amtkicebs im kandidats,
romelmac miiRo xmebis umetesoba, magram ara umcires damswreTa naxevrisa.
SeniSvna: im piris saxeli, romelic ikadrebs samrevloSi agitaciis gawevas, moxsnili iqmneba kandidatTa siiTgan.
$54. samrevlo, romelic ori Tvis ganmavlobaSi dRiTgan kandidatTa siis
miRebisa ar airCevs krebulis Tavisufal adgilze kandidats,
hkargavs
saarCevno uflebas, da im adgilze krebulis wevri dainiSneba saeparqio
mTavrobis mier.
$55. Tu samrevlos surs, rom gaxsnil vakansiaze krebulis wevri daniSnos
saeparqio sabWos mTavrobam, amis Taobaze samrevlos dadgenileba ecnobeba
eparqiis mRvdelTmTavars erTis Tvis ganmavlobaSi dRiTgan vakansiis
gaxsnisa.
SeniSvna: Tu samrevlo aravin iTxova, krebulis wevri iniSneba eparqiis mRvdelTmTavris mier.
$56. mRvdeli. mRvdeli valdebulia: a) mudam Tavis mrevlSi scxovrobdes da
samrevlo ar dastovos, gansakuTrebiT roca iq raime moaruli seni gaCndeba

da roca samrevlos gansacdeli ram moelis; b) gansakuTrebul Tvalyurs

adevnebdes sakuTars yofaqcevas, rogorc sazogadoebaSi, ise Tavis saxlSi; g)
aasrulos sazogadoebrivi RvTismsaxureba dawesebul dros; d) mrevlis
moTxovnilebisamebr aasrulos saWiro mRvdelmoqmedeba; e) Tvalyuri adevnos
taZrisa da saRvTismsaxuro sagnebis sisufTavesa da keTilSvenierebas; v)
Tvalyuri adevnos mrevlSi saeklesio disciplinisa da zneobis dacvas; z)
roca samsaxuris dros ama Tu im sakiTxis Sesaxeb eWvi daebadeba, movalea
axsna-ganmartebisaTvis mTavarxucess da saeparqio mTavrobas mihmarTos; ) mis
upirveles movaleobas Seadgens eklesiaSi qadageba da sazogadod swavlamoZRvreba; T) mRvdeli movalea RvTismsaxurebis dros kaTolikozisa da
Tavisi episkopozis saxeli moixsenios; i) agreTve movalea krebulis sxva
wevrTa saSualebiT saeklesio sabuTebi awarmoos; ia) Tavis samrevloSi
mRvdels ufleba aqvs sxa mRvdels romlisame mRvdelmoqmedebis Sesrulebis
neba ar misces.
$57.
samRvdelo
da
sadiakvno
kandidati
unda
iyos
kanoniurad
srulwlovani, xolo wignismkiTxvelad SeiZleba ufro axalgazrdac airCes.
fizikurad samRvdelo da sadiakvno kandidati unda akmayofilebdes
saeklesio kanonebis moTxovnilebas. samRvdelo kandidats unda hqondes
miRebuli saSualo sazogado ganaTleba da yovel SemTxvevaSi ara umcires
sruli progimnaziuli ganaTlebisa. amave moTxovnilebas unda akmayofilebden,
SeZlebisdagvarad, sadiakvno kandidatebi da wignismkiTxvelnic, romelTac
unda icodnen RvTismsaxurebis wesebi da saeklesio sabuTebis warmoeba, rac
windawinve
(arCevamde)
unda
iyos
Semowmebuli
romelsame
saeparqio
mTavrobisagan.
S e n i S v n a . wignismkviTxvelad SeiZleba arCeul iqmnes mxolod mamakaci.
saeklesio samarTali $58. saqarTvelos eklesiis samarTals eqvemdebareba
ama eklesiis yvela wevri iseT saqmeebSi saeklesio swavla-moZRvrebisa,
zneobriv cxovrebisa, saeklesio wyobilebisa da saeklesio samsaxuris
winaaRmdeg, romelTaTvisac saeklesio kanoniT dadgenilia gansazRvruli
sasjeli anu zomebi zRvevisa da gasworebisa.
$59. saeklesio samarTali eparqiaSi gancalkevebulia saeklesio marTvagamgeobisagan da Sesdgeba saeparqio sasamarTlosagan.
$60. gansakuTrebuli instituti saqmis gamomZieblisa ar arsebobs, aramed
sasamarTlo TviTon irCevs gamomZiebels TviTeul SemTxvevaSi. ar arsebobs
arc bralmdeblis Tanamdeboba, aramed sasamarTlos erT-erT wevrs miendoba
sabraldebo oqmis Sedgena da moxseneba; es wevri Semdeg monawileobas aRar
iRebs ganaCenis gamotanaSi.
S e n i S v n a
1 . braldebuls neba aqvs sasamarTloSi damcveli (veqili) daixmaros, magram TviT
sasamarTlosTan damcvelis instituti ar arsebobs.
SeniSvna 2. mxareebi gamoiwvevian sagangebo uwyebebiT, romlebic egzavneba maT adgilobriv (sadac scxovroben) da unda
Cabardes ara ugvianes erTis kvirisa sxdomisaTvis daniSnul dReze. uwyebaSi naCvenebi unda iyves sasamarTlos misamarTic.
$61. saeklesio sasamarTlo daxuruli ar aris, saqmis garCevas gareSenic
eswrebian. ganCinebas sasamarTlos wevrebi daadgenen Tavisi Sinaganis
darwmunebis Tanaxmad, mxolod mas Semdeg, roca Semowmebul iqmneba
sasamarTloSi warmodgenili sabuTebi.

$62. yoveli saqme arsebiTad gadawydeba ors instanciaSi da mesame

instancia iqneba sakasacio. perioduli saeklesio krebis ganCinebani ki
sabolovoa, Tundac iq saqme pirvelis instanciiT wydebodes.
saeparqio sasamarTlo $63. saeparqio sasamarTlo Sesdgeba 5 wevrisagan,
romelTac irCevs saeparqio kreba sami wlis vadiT.
S e n i S v n a
1 . Tavmjdomare ueWvelad samRvdelo piri unda iyves; danarCen wevrTa da kandidatTa
naxevari samRvdelo pirni unda iyvnen. Tavmjdomare aRirCevis sasamarTlos wevrTa mier Tvis Soris.
SeniSvna 2. sasamarTlos wevrebad ar SeiZleba arCeul iqmnen mRvdlis xarisxiTgan gandgomilni, an gankveTilni da arc iseTi
pirni, romelTac sasamarTlos mier SezRuduli an CamorTmeuli aqvs sazogado krebaze daswrebis ufleba, an ar ziarebulan ukanaskneli
samis wlis ganmavlobaSi erTxel mainc.
S e n i S v n a
3 . sasamarTlodan gasuli wevri SeiZleba xelmeored arCeul iqmnes. - sasamarTlos
wevrebTan erTad saeparqio kreba irCevs maT kandidatebsac.
$64.
saeparqio
sasamarTlos
eqvemdebarebian:
a)
danaSaulobani,
romelTaTvisac
saeklesio
kanoniT
dadgenilia
umZimesi
zomebi:
mRvdelmoqmedebis
Sesrulebis
akrZalva,
samsaxuridan
gadayeneba;
b)
ganqorwinebis saqme.
$65.
sasamarTlos
ganCineba
waredgineba
eparqiis
mRvdelTmTavars,
romelzedac damokidebulia misi damtkiceba.
SeniSvna. saeparqio sasamarTlos ganCinebiT ukmayofiloT SeuZliaT ganasaCivron saqme sakaTalikozo sabWoSi.
uzenaesi saeklesio samarTali $66. mudmiv krebas, anu sakaTolikozo
sabWos SeuZlia zogierTi saqme, saboloo msjavris dasadastureblad,
gamonaklisis saxed, warudginos periodul saeklesio krebas.
$67. kaTolikoz-patriarqis gasamarTleba Sedis periodul saeklesio
krebis kompetenciaSi.
$68. sakaTolikozo sabWos ganCinebiT ukmayofilos SeuZlia gadaitanos
kasaciis wesiT saqme periodul saeklesio krebaSi.
SeniSvna. ganqorwinebis saqmeebs sabolood swyvets mudmivi kreba - sakaTolikozo sabWo.
gadmobeWdilia wignidan `saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeoba~, 1920

13. saqarTvelos eklesiis IV krebis mier

(21-27 ivnisi, 1927 w.) gamocemuli `debuleba~
patriarq wmida ambrosi xelaias gardacvalebis Semdeg komunisturi
xelisuflebis mimarT loialurad ganwyobil samRvdeloebas saSualeba mieca
ganexorcielebina mkveTri Semobruneba saxelmwifosTan damokidebulebaSi.
mitropolitma qristefore cicqiSvilma, `revoluciurad~ ganwyobili frTis
liderma eklesias Seucvala komunistur saxelmwifosTan damokidebulebis
kursi. jer kidev ruseTis pirveli revoluciis wlebSi mRvdeli qristefore
cicqiSvili moiTxovda eklesiaSi `reformis gatarebas da mis daaxloebas
cxovrebasTan~. magaliTad, 1905-6 wlebSi igi moiTxovda ufleba miscemodaT
mRvdlebs eklesiis gareT etarebinaT saero tanisamosi, miscemodaT qvriv

mRvdlebs colis SerTvis neba da ar yofiliyo savaldebulo kurTxevamde

colis SerTva1 da sxv. eklesiam ar miiRo aseTi reforma.
1927 wels, rogorc adre, saqarTvelos sapatriarqo Sedgeboda 15
eparqiisagan.
maT
Soris
Tavisufali
iyo
6,
eparqiebs
marTavda
9
mRvdelmTavari,
maT
Soris
kaTolikos-patriarqi
qristefore
iyo
imavdroulad droebiTi mmarTveli baTom-Semoqmedisa, quTaTel-genaTeli
mitropoliti daviTi - Wyondidis eparqiis, ninowmideli episkoposi efremi
droebiT marTavda cxum-afxazeTis eparqias. maT garda eparqiebs marTavdnen
mangleli mitropoliti kalistrate, urbneli episkoposi - simeoni, wilkneli
episkoposi - pavle jafariZe, alaverdeli episkoposi melqisedeki, bodbeli
episkoposi stefane, margveli episkoposi varlami. yvelam amaT xeli moaweres
IV saeklesio krebis mier 24 ivniss miRebul dadgenilebas - `saqarTvelos
marTlmadideblur eklesiaSi axali stilis kalendris SemoRebis Sesaxeb~,
romelSic kerZod naTqvamia - `vacxadeb samRvdeloebisa da morwmune eris
sayuradRebod: axali stilis kalendari SemoRebul iqnas saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebel eklesiaSi ama 1927 wlis noembris 27-dan (Zveli stilis 14dan). yvela uZravi dResaswaulebi da wmidaTa xseneba gadaxdil iqnas axali
stilis kalendriT, anu swored im ricxvebSi, rogorc uCveneben saeklesio
wignebi~2. aRdgomisa da masze damokidebuli moZravi dReebis xsenebani unda
darCeniliyo iseve, rogorc iqamde dResaswaulobda marTlmadidebeli
eklesia.
kreba
avalebda
yvela
saeklesio
pirs
SeesrulebinaT
es
gankarguleba. IV krebis es dadgenileba gamocemulia 1927 wlis 12 oqtombers.
aRniSnul
dadgenilebas
krebam
safuZvlad
daudo
konstantinopolis
patriarqis basilisa da misi wmida sinodis 1927 wlis 17 Tebervlis epistole,
romliTac msoflio sapatriarqo acxadebda msoflio marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis gadasvlas axal stilze. 1923 wels konstantinopolSi sinodikonis
darbazSi mowveul `yvela marTlmadidebeli eklesiis~ krebis ZaliT1, romlis
mierac `1924 wels SemoRebul iqna Sesworebuli kalendari yovelmxriv
kanonikurad~. `arasodes, arc erT krebas, msoflios Tu adgilobrivs ar
miuCnevia
kalendari
dogmatur
da
ZiriTad
saeklesio
kanonikur
1
dadgenilebaTa xasiaTisa~ . rogorc cnobilia, mTelma eklesiam da saerTod
xalxma ar miiRo eklesiaSi axali stilis kalendari.
1928 wlis saeklesio kalendarSi aris ganmarteba Tu ra iyo kalendaruli
cvlilebis mizezebi - paragrafSi - `Zvelisa da axali stilis Sesaxeb~.
miuxedavad amisa, rogorc iTqva, morwmune mrevlma da mTelma eklesiam ar
miiRo aseTi kalendari.
IV saeklesio kreba muSaobas Seudga 1927 21 ivniss. sxdomebi sionSi
tardeboda da dasrulda 27 ivniss. krebam ganixila saqarTvelos eklesiis
marTva-gamgeobis debuleba, miiRo deklaracia sabWoTa xelisuflebisadmi.
krebam moiTxova eklesias gamoenaxa `masTan saerTo ena, raTa Tavidan iqnes
acilebuli yovelgvari gaugebroba~. amasTanave, krebam saWirod miiCnia
gamoZebniliyo saSualebebi 1923 wlis 18 ianvris mTavrobis dadgenilebis
(`eklesiis saxelmwifodan gamoyofies~ Sesaxeb) cxovrebaSi gasatareblad.
krebam airCia axali kaTalikoz-patriarqi uwmidesi da unetaresi qristefore
III (cicqiSvili). krebam uaryofiTad Seafasa sakaTalikozo sabWos muSaoba.
miiCnia, rom misi roli ganuzomlad iyo gazrdili, kerZod ki mmarTvel
mRvdelmTavarTa ukiTxavad wyvetda umTavres saeklesio sakiTxebs, daigmo misi

antisabWoTa
politika.
Sesabamisad
axalma
debulebam
asaxa
krebis
suliskveTeba, sakaTalikozo sabWo gauqmda da mis nacvlad SemoRebul iqna
`sakaTalikozo sinodi~, yvela mmarTveli mRvdelmTavris da eqvsi sxva piris
wevrobiT2. krebam daamtkica eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis axali debuleba.

debuleba
saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobisaTvis
debuleba ese miRebulia da damtkicebuli sruliad saqarTvelos saeklesio
IV krebis mier 1927 wlis, ivnisis 21-27.
$1. marTva-gamgeobis mxriv saqarTvelos eklesia ganiyofeba eparqiebad,
eparqiebi - olqebad, xolo olqebi samrevloebad.
$2. saqarTvelos eklesiaSi Semdegi eparqiebia:
a) mcxeTa-tfilisisa, romlis mwyemsTmTavari aris mTavarepiskopozi mcxeTisa da
tfilisisa
da
sruliad
saqarTvelos
kaTolikoz-patriarqi.
samwyso:
saqarTvelos eklesiis wm. deda qalaqi mcxeTa, tfilisi da gare kaxeTi
(teritoria Zveli eparqiebis: mcxeTisa, tfilisisa, rusTavisa, kawareTisa da
ninowmidisa), rasac Seicavs exlandeli mcxeTa da nawili tfilisis mazrisa.
kaTedra eparqiisa aris mcxeTaSi (sveticxovelSi), xolo kaTolikozis
rezidencia-tfilisSi.
SeniSvna 1. kaTolikoz-patriarqis samwysos Seadgens saqarTvelos eklesiis wevrni, mcxovrebni sakaTolikozos gareT iseT
qveynebSi, sadac marTlmadidebeli episkopozi ar aris.
SeniSvna 2. rodesac kaTolikoz-patriarqi gardaicvleba, an mZime avadmyofobisa da sxva mizezTa gamo moklebuli iqneba
saSvalebas, gauwios xelmZRvaneloba saeklesio marTva-gamgeobas, sinodi gamoiwvevs erT-erT mRvdelTmTavars, daniSnavs mas
kaTolikoz-patriarqis Tanamosaydred; mosaydreoba uqmdeba, rodesac kaTolikoz-patriarqi Tavis adgilzea.
SeniSvna 3. qorepiskopozi SeiZleba hyavdes mxolod kaTolikoz-patriarqs. qorepiskopozis kandidaturas wamoayenebs kaTolikozpatriarqi, xolo misi wodeba damokidebulia mRvdelT-mTavarTa krebulze, qorepiskopozi wevria sinodisa.
b) wilknisa. samwyso: orisave aragvis, qsan-lexuris xeoba, gare qarTli,
saguramo da fSavxevsureTi (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa wilknisa, nawili
samTavisisa da samTavrosi), rasac Seicavs exlandeli duSeTis mazra da
nawili samxreT oseTis avtonomiuri olqisa. kaTedra mRvdelTmTavrisa
wilkanSi, rezidencia droebiT sveticxovelTan; pativi mRvdelTmTavrisa
`wilkneli episkopozi~.
g) manglisisa. samwyso: sabaraTiano (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: manglisisa
da winwyarosi), rasac Seicavs exlandeli tfilisis mazris dasavleTis
nawili: wyneTi-TeleTis xazidan TeTri wyaro-manglisis xazamde. kaTedra
manglisSi, rezidencia tfilisSi. pativi mwyemsT-mTavrisa - `mangleli
episkoposi~.
d) agarak-walkisa, anu axtala-penteliTarisa (beStaSenis) (teritoria Zveli
eparqiebisa: walkisa, dmanisisa, bolnisisa da agarakisa), rasac Seicavs
exlandeli tfilisis mazris dasavleTis nawili, TeTr wyaro-manglisis
xazidan. borCalos da lori-bambakis mazrebi. kaTedra axtalaSi (agaraki),
rezidencia
tfilisSi,
pativi
mRvdelT-mTavrisa:
axtala-penteliTaris
(beStaSenis) episkopozi~.

e) alaverdisa. samwyso: Sida kaxeTi (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: alaverdisa,

nekresisa da xarWaSenis), rasac Seicavs exlandeli Telavis mazra da yofili
TianeTis mazris nawili xarWiSos ubnis mimatebiT da amaT garda didoeTdurZukeTi, miwerili Tergisa da daRestnis mxareebze. kaTedra alaverdSi,
rezidencia qal. TelavSi, pativi mRvdelT-mTavrisa: `alaverdeli episkopozi~
(anu abba alaverdeli).
v) bodbisa. samwyso: hereTi, rani, Saqi da wukeTi (teritoria Zveli
eparqiebisa: bodbisa, Weremisa, giSisa da xornabujisa), rasac Seicavs
exlandeli mazrebi da olqebi siRnaRisa, zaqaTalisa, samurisa, nuxisa,
areSisa, ganjisa da yazaxisa. kaTedra bodbeSi. rezidencia mRvdelTmTavrisa qal. siRnaRSi, pativi mRvdelT-mTavris: `bodbeli episkopozi~.
z) urbnisisa. samwyso: Sida qarTli (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: urbnisis,
ruisis, niqozisa, nawili samTavisisa da samTavrosi), rasac Seicavs
exlandeli goris mazra, garda borjomis xeobisa, da amas garda dvaleTi,
miwerili Tergis mxareze. kaTedra urbnisSi, rezidencia mRvdelT-mTavrisa
qal. gorSi. mRvdelT-mTavris pativi: `urbneli episkopozi~.
) awyurisa. samwyso: samcxe-javaxeTi da zemo somxeTi (teritoria Zveli
eparqiebisa: awyurisa, wurwyabisa, kumurdosi, eruSeTis, dadaSenis, wyarosTavis, anisis, karisa da alaSkertisa), rasac Seadgens exlandeli axalcixis
mazra borjomis xeobis momatebiT, axalqalaqis mazra, artaanis olqi,
yarsis olqi, yadzevanis olqi, gumbris mazra, basiani da alaSkerti. kaTedra
mRvdelmTavrisa awyverSi (droebiT zarzmaSi), rezidencia - qal. axalcixeSi.
mRvdelT-mTavris pativi - `mawyvereli episkopozi~.
T) margveTisa. samwyso: zemo imereTi (teritoria nawili gaenaTis Zveli
eparqiisa), - exlandeli Sorapnis mazra. kaTedra mRvdelT-mTavrisa
argveTSi,
rezidencia
saCxereSi.
mRvdelT-mTavris
pativi:
`margveli
episkoposi~.
i) quTais-genaTisa. samwyso: qvemo-imereTi da okriba (teritoria Zveli
eparqiebisa: quTaisisa, xonisa da nawili gaenaTisa), rasac Seadgens
exlandeli quTaisis mazra. kaTedra quTaisSi da mwyemsT-mTavris rezidencia
iqve. mwyemsT-mTavris pativi aris - `quTaTel-genaTeli episkopozi~.
ia). nikorwmidisa. samwyso: raWa (teritoria nikorwmidis Zveli eparqiisa),
exlandeli raWis mazra. kaTedra nikorwmidaSi, rezidencia mRvdelT-mTavrisa
onSi. pativi mRvdelT-mTavrisa: `nikorwmindeli episkopozi~.
ib) cagerisa. samwyso: leCxum-svaneTi (teritoria cageris Zveli eparqiisa), exlandeli leCxumis mazra, kaTedra cagerSi. mRvdelT-mTavris rezidencia
iqve. pativi mRvdelT-mTavrisa: `cagereli episkopozi~.
ig) Wyondidisa. samwyso: odiSi (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: Wyondidisa,
caiSisa da walenjixisa), - exlandeli senakisa da zugdidis mazrebi. kaTedra
mwyemsT-mTavrisa martvilSi, rezidencia q.foTSi. pativi mwyemsmTavrisa
aris - `Wyondideli episkopozi~.
id) baTom-Semoqmedisa. samwyso: guria, tao-klarjeTi da WaneTi (teritoria
Zveli eparqiebis: xinowmidisa imave baTumis, Semoqmedisa, jumaTisa,
satrafelasi, tbeTisa, anCisa, iSxanisa da banisa), rasac Seicavs saqarTvelos
respublikis samzRvrebSi exlandeli ozurgeTis mazra da aWaristanis
avtonomiuri sabWoTa respublika, xolo osmaleTis sazRvrebSi olqebi:
arTvinisa, olTisisa, TorTomisa, kiskimisa, ispiri, rigesi, aTinasi da xofasi.

kaTedra
mRvdelT-mTavrisa

q.baTomSi
da
rezidencia
iqve.
pativi
mRvdelmTavrisa: `baTomel-Semoqmedeli episkopozi~.
ie) cxum-afxazeTisasa (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: drandisa imave cxumisa,
bediisa, moqvisa da biWvinTisa), exlandeli afxazeTis sabWoTa avtonomiuri
respublika da zugdidis mazris nawili mdinare inguris dasavleTiT. kaTedra
mRvdelT-mTavrisa cxumSi (soxumSi), rezidencia iqve. mRvdelT-mTavris
pativi aris - `cxum-afxazeTis episkopozi~.
S e n i S v n a
4 .
mitropolitebi pativiT episko[pozebze maRla dganan. mwyemsmTavarni pativdebul
iqmnebian qirotoniis uxucesobis mixedviT.
S e n i S v n a
5. am siis Secvla da Sevseba sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiis krebis kompetencias ekuTvnis.
mTavari gamgeoba $3. saqarTvelos eklesias ganagebs saeklesio kreba,
romelzedac warmoigzavnebian warmomadgeneli TiToeuli eparqiidan oTxoTxi; amas garda qalaqebi warmogzavnian: tfilisi 12, quTaisi, cxumi,
baTomi, foTi, gori, Telavi, siRnaRi, axalcixe, ozurgeTi, liuqsemburgi orors, cxum-afxazeTi, walkis da baTom-Semoqmedis eparqiebis berZenTa eklesiebi
da rusTa or-ors. saeklesio krebis wevrebad iTvlebian yvela mmarTveli
mRvdelT-mTavarni, kaTolikoz-patriarqis qorepiskopozi da saqarTvelos
sakaTalikozo sinodis wevrebi.
SeniSvna 1. eparqiebisagan da qalaqebisagan warmogzavnil warmomadgenelTagan naxevari aucileblad sasuliero pirni unda
iyvnen.
SeniSvna 2. avadmyofobis dros mRvdelT-mTavars ufleba aqvs wargzavnos krebazed Tavisi warmomadgeneli.
SeniSvna 3. delegatad ar SeiZleba arCeul iqmnes mRvdlis xarisxisagan gandgomil an gankveTili.
$4. sruliad saqarTvelos saeklesio krebas Tavmjdomareobs kaTolikozi,
xolo, roca igi ar aris, misi mosaydre. kreba irCevs prezidiumis danarCen
wevrebs da mdivnebs. kreba aris perioduli sam weliwadSi erTxel, - da
mudmivi sakaTolikozo sinodis saxiT. periodul krebas iwvevs sakaTolikozo
sinodi. kreba kanonieria, Tu mowveulTa mesamedi mainc gamocxaddeba.
SeniSvna. ara Cveulebrivi kreba moiwveva saWiroebis mixedviT.
$5. saqarTvelos eklesiis perioduli krebis kompetencias eqvemdebareba: a)
adgilobrivi saeklesio kanonmdebloba; b) uzenaesi saeklesio samarTali; g)
sabolood garCeva da gadawyveta im saqmeebisa, romelTac mas sakaTolikozo
sinodi warudgens; d) arCeva sakaTolikozo sinodisa, anu mudmivi krebis
wevrebisa da maTi kandidatebisa; e) Zveli kaTedrebis aRdgena, axali
eparqiebis gaxsna an arsebul eparqiaTa daxurva da sazRvrebis gamijvna; v)
zrunva
sasuliero
saswavlebelTa
daarsebisa
da
nivTierad
uzrunvelyofisaTvis.
$6. mudmivi kreba, sakaTolikozo sinodi Sesdgeba yvela mmarTvel mRvdelT-mTavarTagan,
kaTolikos-patriarqis qorepiskopozisa da eqvsi wevrisagan. sinodis wevrebi
da maTi eqvsi kandidati aRirCevian saeklesio krebis mier, rogorc
delegatTa, ise ara delegatTagan. naxevari arCeuli wevrebisa da maTi
kandidatebisa uTuod samRvdelo pirni unda iyvnen.
SeniSvna: sinodi pasuxismgebelia saeklesio krebis winaSe.
$7. sinodis wevrni, agreTve maTi kandidatebi aRirCevian saeklesio krebis
mier samis wlis vadiT da SeuZlianT xel-axala arCeul iqmnen. sinods
Tavmjdomareobs kaTolikoz-patriarqi, xolo roca ar aris, misi mosaydre da
Tu mosaydrec ar aris damswre uxucesi mRvdelT-mTavari. sakaTolikozo
sinodis krebebze weliwadSi orjel: didmarxvis mesame kviraSi da

Semodgomaze
moiwvevian
yvela
mRvdel-mTavrebi
(mmarTvelni
da
qorepiskopozni), romelTa TanamonawileobiT swydeba sayuradRebo sakiTxebi.
SeniSvna 1. aseT krebebs SeuZlianT gadasinjos sakaTolikozo sinodis Cveulebrivi Semadgenlobis mier gadawyvetili saqmeni
axali dadgenilebis gamosatanad, Tu isini gansaCivrebuli iqmnebian.
SeniSvna 2. mRvdelT-mTavris dauswreblad sakaTolikozo sinodis kreba ar xdeba.
SeniSvna 3. adgilobriv mRvdelTmTavars SeuZlia wamoiyvanos sinodis sxdomaze saTanadod momzadebuli piri Tavis eparqiis
saWirboroto da mniSvnelovan sakiTxebis garCevis dros monawileobis misaRebad saTaTbiro xmiT.
SeniSvna 4. Tu raime mizezisa gamo sinodis wevrma Tavi gaaneba samsaxurs da kandidatebic uars ityvian wevrobaze,
sinodis plenums an Cveulebriv Semadgenlobas eZleva neba moiwvios saTanadod momzadebuli piri, kooptaciis wesiT.
$8. sinodis sxdoma kanonieria, Tu mas daeswreba Tavmjdomare da tfilisSi
mcxovreb wevrTa naxevari.
$9. sinodSi sakiTxi ubralo xmis umetesobiT swydeba, xolo roca xmebi
Tanabrad iyofa, maSin is azri upiratesobs, romelsac Tavmjdomare emxroba.
$10. sabWos wevrT ara aqvT ufleba Tavi Seikavon xmis micemisagan.
$11. Tu romelime wevri moisurvebs kerZo azris Setanas, movalea
gamosTqvas igi TviT sxdomazed, da ara ugvianes samis dRisa warudginos
werilobiT sxdomis Tavmjdomares, JurnalSi Sesatanad, anu dasarTvelad.
$12. saqmeebis ganxilvis rigs awesebs Tavmjdomare.
$13. sakiTxis aRZvris ufleba aqvs sinodis yvela wevrs; am uflebis
gansaxorcieleblad saWiroa
werilobiTi gancxadebis Setana kaTolikozpatriarqis saSualebiT, romelic movalea aRniSnuli gancxadeba gadasces
gansaxilvelad sinodis uaxloes krebas.
$14. kaTolikoz-patriarqs ar aqvs ufleba moxsnas Tavis gankargulebiT
sakiTxi rigisagan, xeli SeuSalos ganCinebis gamotanas dasmul sakiTxze, an
SeaCeros ganCinebis sisruleSi moyvana, Tu Tavis droze ar ganucxadebia
protesti.
$14a. kaTolikoz-patriarqs, Tu dainaxavs, rom sinodis mier gamotanili
ganCineba mavnebeli da sazianoa sarwmunoebriv-zneobrivi mxriT eklesiis
keTildReobisaTvis, - SeuZlia ganacxados protesti da samis dRis
ganmavlobaSi
Seitanos
sinodSi
werilobiTi
winadadeba
sakiTxis
gadasinjvisaTvis.
$15. rodesac sinodSi irCeva saqme Tavmjdomaris anu sinodis wevris
ukanono moqmedebaTa gamo, dainteresebul pirs neba aqvs darCes darbazSi
saqmis moxsenebis dros da miawodos sinods saWiro ganmarteba, magram, roca
sinodi Seudgeba ganCinebis gamotanas, ueWvelad unda dastovos darbazi.
SeniSvna: roca saCivari exeba Tavmjdomaris (kaTolikozis) ukanono
moqmedebas, sinods Tavmjdomareobs uxucesi damswre mRvdelTmTavarTagan.
$16. sinodis ganCinebas xels awers yvelaze uwin Tavmjdomare da mis
Semdeg yvela im sxdomaze damswre wevri, miuxedavad imisa, Tanaxma iyo igi
gamotanili ganCinebisa, Tu ara.
$17. sinodis wevrTa Soris saqmeTa ganawileba da maTi warmoebis wesi
xdeba sinodisve ganCinebiT. Tu romelime wevri ar asrulebs Tavis
movaleobas da xels uSlis saqmis normalurad warmoebas, sakaTolikozo
sinods eZleva ufleba misi gadayenebisa da mis adgilze kandidatis mowvevisa.
amis Sesaxeb sakaTolikozo sinodi valdebulia, moaxsenos morig plenums, anu
saeklesio krebas, saboloo msjavris dasadebad.
$18. sakaTolikozo sinods samsaxuris mxriT eqvemdebarebian rogorc
mRvdelT-mTavrebi da sasuliero pirni, agreTve saeklesio dawesebulebani da

maTSi mosamsaxureni, xolo sarwmunoebisa da saeklesio disciplinis mxriT

yoveli wevri saqarTvelos eklesiisa. sinodis dadgenilebani savaldebuloa
yvela saeklesio dawesebulebaTa da eklesiis wevrTaTvis; amaTi Secvla
SeuZlia mxolod sinods, plenums, periodul an araCveulebriv krebas.
sakaTolikozo sinodi Tavisi funqciebis aRsrulebis dros xelmZRvanelobs
saRmrTo weriliT; msoflio da adgilobrivi (maT Soris saqarTvelos
eklesiis) krebaTa dadgenilebiT da saxelmwifoSi moqmed kanonmdeblobiT.
sakaTolikozo sinods hyavs damxmare organoebi: kontroli, sameurneo
gamgeoba, kancelaria da sxva.
$19. sakaTolikozo sinods anu mudmiv krebas eqvemdebareba Semdegi
saqmeebi:
a)
zrunva
saeklesio
swavla-moZRvrebisa
da
qarTuli
RvTismetyvelebis ayvavebisa da Seuryvnelad dacvisaTvis; b) zrunva samwysoTa
sarwmunoebriv-zneobrivi warmatebisaTvis; g) saWiroebaTa mixedviT arsebul
kanonTa farglebSi gankargulebis gamocema da droebiT, morig saeklesio
krebamde, cxovrebaSi misi gatareba; d) Tvalyuris devneba mis qvemdebare
pirTa da dawesebulebebis moqmedebaTaTvis; e) zrunva taZarTa, saqvelmoqmedo
da sasuliero saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaTa keTilmowyobisaTvis; v)
ganxilva da saTanado dawesebulebaTa winaSe Suamdgomlobis aRZvra
eklesiaTa,
saqvelmoqmedo
da
sasuliero
samoswavlo-saganmanaTleblo
dawesebulebaTa daarsebis Sesaxeb; z) saTanado saxelmwifo dawesebulebaTa
da Tanamdebobis pirTa winaSe saeklesio saqmeTa gamo Suamdgomlobis aRZvra;
) zrunva samRvdeloebis qonebrivad uzrunvelyofisaTvis; T) zrunva
samsaxuridan gasul samRvdelo pirTa, saeklesio dawesebulebaTa moxeleTa
da samRvdelobis qvriv-obolTaTvis; i) zrunva saRmrTo da saeklesiosaRvTismsaxuro wignTa Sedgenisa, Sesworebisa da gamocemisaTvis; ia)
mRvdelT-mTavarTa, Tanaxmad maTis Txovnisa, samsaxuriTgan ganTavisufleba;
ib) reviziis daniSvna sxvadasxva saWiroebaTa da SemTxvevaTa gamo; ig)
eparqiebisa
da
saeklesio
dawesebulebaTa
xarjT-aRricxvis
ganxilvadamtkiceba; id) saeparqio dawesebulebaTa wliuri angariSebis ganxilva da
mTeli sakaTolikozois wliuri angariSis Sedgena perioduli krebisaTvis
warsadgenad; ie) sabolood garCeva apelaciis da kasaciis wesiT saeparqio
mmarTvelobaTagan Semosul saqmeTa; iv) nebarTva sakaTolikozos eklesiebSi
nebayoflobiTi Sewirulebis saqvelmoqmedo mizniT Sekrebisa; iz) sxva
avtokefalur eklesiebTan urTierTobis daWera; ih) perioduli krebis mowveva
da im krebaze gansaxilvel sakiTxTa winaswari damuSaveba da masalebis
Sekreba; iT) xelmZRvaneloba kaTolikozis arCevnebisa; k) micema droebiT
Tavisuflebisa, erT Tveze metis vadiT, episkopozebisa, sakaTalikozo sinodis
wevrebis da sinodis damxmare organoTa gamgeTaTvis; ka) zrunva galobis
aRdgena-gamSvenebisaTvis; kb)
zrunva uepiskoposod darCenil eparqiaTaTvis;
kg) danaSaulobani, romelTaTvis saeklesio kanoniT daniSnulia eklesiis
wevrobidan gamoricxva da mRvdlis xarisxidan gankveTa; kd) saeparqio sabWos
wevrTa da mRvdelmTavarTa danaSaulobani samsaxurSi.
$20. kaTolikozi. saWeTmpyroblad (mTavar-winamZRvrad) eklesiisa iTvleba mTavarepiskopozi mcxeTisa da tfilisisa da sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikozpatriarqi, romelsac irCevs saqarTvelos eklesiis perioduli kreba, faruli
xmis micemiT. arCeulad CaiTvleba is kandidati, romelic umravles amomrCev
xmas miiRebs, magram damswre amomrCevelT xmebis naxevarze mets.

S e n i S v n a : sakaTolikozo kandidatisaTvis berobis miReba savaldebulo ar aris. fizikurisa da zneobrivis

mxriv, igi unda akmayofilebdes saeklesio kanonTa moTxovnilebas da unda hqondes miRebuli umaRlesi sazogado ganaTleba da
Sesaferi saRvTismetyvelo momzadeba.
$21. kaTolikoz-patriarqis kompetencia aseTia: a) is Tavmjdomareobs
sruliad
saqarTvelos
saeklesio
periodul
da
mudmiv
krebas;
b)
mwyemsmTavrulad mimoixilavs sakaTolikozos eparqiebs da xelmZRvanelobas
uwevs episkoposebs saeparqio marTva-gamgeobaSi; g) mis saxels ixsenieben
wirva-locvis dros sakaTolikozos mRvdelT-mTavrebi da samRvdeloeba; d)
igi aZlevs droebiT Tavisuflebas episkopozebs, sakaTolikozo sinodis
wevrebs da sinodis damxmare organoTa gamgeebs ara umetes erTi Tvisa
weliwadSi, xolo saeparqio marTva-gamgeobis organoTa meTaurebs - ori
TviTgan da mets; e) agreTve aZlevs daTxovnis sigelebs im episkopozebs,
romelnic droebiT eparqiidan sxvagan sadme midian; v) iRebs saCivars
episkopozTa, sakaTolikozo sinods wevrTa, saeparqio krebaTa da saeparqio
dawesebulebaTa Sesaxeb da aZlevs am saCivrebs kanonier msvlelobas; z)
saWiro
SemTxvevaSi,
sinodis
mindobilobiT,
is
aZlevs
rCevas
da
mwyemsTmTavrul SeniSvnas episkopozebsa da saeparqio sabWoebis wevrebs; h)
sinodisve
mindobilobiT
imas
miwer-mowera
aqvs
sxva
avtokefalur
eklesiebTan da saxelmwifos umaRles dawesebulebebTan.
saeparqio marTva-gamgeoba $22. saeparqio mmarTvelovbis mTavari organo
aris
saeparqio
kreba,
romelzedac
TviTeuli
olqi
gzavnis
or
warmomadgenels, romelTagan erTi ueWvelad samRvdeloa. kreba orgvaria
Cveulebrivi, weliwadSi erTxel da ara Cveulebrivi saWiroebisdagvarad.
krebas Tavmjdomareobs adgilobrivi mRvdelT-mTavari, rodesac mRvdelTmTavari ar aris, kreba TiTon irCevs Tavmjdomares samRvdelo pirTa Soris:
krebave irCevs prezidiumis danarCen wevrebs da mdivnebsac. kreba kanonieria,
Tu masze gamocxadda ara umcires mowveulTa mesamedisa.
SeniSvna 1. saeparqio krebas iwvevs saeparqio mmarTveloba.
SeniSvna 2: saeparqio krebis wevrebad iTvlebian saeparqio sabWos wevrebi.
SeniSvna 3: warmomadgenlad ar SeiZleba arCeva mRvdlis xarisxidan gandgomilisa, an gankveTilisa.
$23. saeparqio krebis uflebas Seadgens: a) saeparqio sabWos wevrTa da
maTi kandidatebis arCeva; b) Tvalyuris devneba saeparqio cxovrebisa da
saeparqio dawesebulebaTa moqmedebisa; g) arCeva delegatebisa sruliad
saqarTvelos saeklesio krebisaTvis; d) zrunva saeklesio, samoswavlo da
saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaTa daarsebisa, gaumjobesebisa da nivTier
saSualebaTa gamonaxvisaTvis eparqiaSi; e) adgilobrivi sabWos mier
SemuSavebuli wesebis da instruqciebis damtkiceba; v) zrunva galobis
gaumjobesebisaTvis.
SeniSvna: saeparqio krebis ganCineba Sedis ZalaSi, Tu mas emxroba adgilobrivi, mRvdelT-mTavari, winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi, sakiTxi gadaecema sakaTolikozo sinods.
$24. saeparqio krebis aRmasrulebeli organo aris saeparqio sabWo. sabWos
Tavmjdomareobs adgilobrivi mRvdelT-mTavari, xolo, roca igi araa, maSin
sabWos wevrebi, TavianT Soris irCeven Tavmjdomares samRvdelo pirTagan;
sabWo Sesdgeba oTxis wevrisagan, romelTagan ori samRvdeloa. sabWos wevrebi
irCevian saeparqio krebis mier, samis wlis vadiT. amaT garda sabWos hyavs
mdivani, romelsac TviT sabWo moiwvevs. sabWos wevris samsaxuri ufasoa.
$25. saeparqio sabWos kompetencias eqvemdebareba: a) sarwmunoebis da
zneobis dacva-ganmtkicebisaTvis zrunva eparqiaSi; b) ganxilva im saqmeebisa,

romelTac mas saolqo krebebi an saolqo sabWoebi warmoudgenen; g)

Tvalyuris
devneba
yvela
saeklesio
dawesebulebaTa
da
saeklesio
Tanamdebobis pirTa moqmedebisa eparqiaSi, d) ufleba krebulis wevrTa
adgilebzed arCeul kandidatebis damtkicebisa; e) ganxilva sakiTxisa axali
olqebis gaxsnisa, an arsebul olqTa Semcirebisa, gind gayofisa da
gadamijvnisa, eparqiis farglebSi; v) saeparqio krebaze gansaxilvel sakiTxTa
winaswari damuSaveba; z) saeparqio wliuri angariSis Sedgena saeparqio
krebisa da sakaTolikozo sinodisaTvis warsadgenad; h) berobisa da
sasuliero wodebidan ganTavisufleba.
SeniSvna: sabWoSi saqmeebi swydeba ubralo xmis umetesobiT, magram rodesac sabWos da mRvdelT-mTavars Soris
uTanxmoebaa, maSin sadavo saqme gadaecema sakaTolikozo sinods.
$26. episkopozi aris eparqiis sarwmunoebriv-zneobrivi cxovrebis xelmZRvaneli
da ganagebs eparqias saeparqio sabWosTan erTad. saepiskopozo kandidati
aRirCevis faruli xmis micemiT, xeldaasxams mas kaTolikozi episkopozTa
krebiTurT. saepiskopozo kandidats unda hqondes miRebuli umaRlesi
ganaTleba da Sesaferisi saRvTismetyvelo momzadeba, xolo ukidures
SemTxvevaSi ara umcires saSualo saRvTismetyvelo ganaTlebisa; fizikurad
da zneobrivad unda akmayofilebdes saeklesio kanonTa moTxovnilebas.
S e n i S v n a 1: uzenaes saeklesio mmarTvelobas, garemoebis mixedviT, SeuZlia daniSnos episkopozi ama Tu
im eparqiaSi, ukeTu arCevnebis moxdenis normaluri pirobebi ar iqmneba.
SeniSvna 2: saepiskopozo kandidatisaTvis berad Sedgoma savaldebulo ar aris. magram igi ar SeiZleba iyos coliani an
ganqorwinebuli.
SeniSvna 3. saepiskopozo kandidatis arCeva xdeba Semdegi wesiT: kandidatis dasaxeleba SeuZlia daqvrivebuli eparqiis
yovelsave wevrs, eparqiis daqvrivebiTgan erTi Tvis gasvlamde kandidatTa saxelebi waredgineba saTanado cnobebis TandarTviT
kaTolikoz-patriarqs. kandidatTa sias ixilavs mmarTvel episkopozTa krebuli (sami unda ueWvelad daeswros piradad, xolo
danarCenTagan gamoiTxovebis saTanado gramata). episkopozTa krebulisagan mowonebuli saepiskopozo kandidatTa sia waregzavneba
eparqiis droebiT mmarTvel episkopozs krebisaTvis gadasacemad. yvela kandidats kenWi eyreba cal-calke. arCeulad iTvleba is, vinc
yvelaze mets kenWs miiRebs, magram ara umcires delegatTa naxevrisa, arCeul kandidats amtkicebs sakaTolikozo sinodi.
$27. episkopozi aris sakaTedro taZris winamZRvari. mis kompetencias
ekuTvnis: a) sruli ufleba mTel eparqiaSi swavla-moZRvrebisa; b) ufleba
yovel-gvaris mRvdelmoqmedebis Sesrulebisa; g) zrunva, raTa mis eparqiaSi
morwmuneni saR saeklesio swavlebas icavdnen; d) mas aqvs ufleba moxsnas
qorwinebis dros zogierTi dabrkolebani, romelnic naTesavur kavSiridan
gamomdinareoben; e) sarwmunoebriv saqmeebSi masze damokidebulni arian
eparqiis yvela wevrebi; d) Tvalyuris devneba samonastro saeklesio qonebaTa
marTva-gamgeobisa eparqiaSi; v) mis saxels aRavlens wirva-locvis dros mTeli
eparqiis samRvdeloeba; z)
is aZlevs droebiTs Tavisuflebas, ara umetes
erTis Tvisa, saeparqio dawesebulebebSi mosamsaxureT; Hh) episkopozs neba aqvs
Svebulebis auReblad, ganSordes Tavis eparqias, weliwadSi ara umetes or
gzisa, sam-samis kviriT, razedac moaxsenebs sakaTolikozo sinods. episkopozi
valdebulia: a) daemorCilos saeklesio kanonebsa da mTavar saeklesio
mmrTvelobis mier kanonierad gamocemuls dadgenilebaTa, xolo roca ama Tu
im saeklesio kanonisa an dadgenilebis DSesaxeb gaugebroba rame daebadeba,
gansamarteblad mTavar saeklesio mTavrobas mihmarTos; b) cxoveli kavSiri
iqonios samwysosTan da am mizniT xSir-xSirad mimoixilos Tavisi eparqia; g)
yvelaferSi daemorCilos sruliad saqarTvelos saeklesio krebas da, roca
sakaTolikozo sinodi moiwvevs, aRniSnul krebaze gamocxaddes; d) mTavari
saeklesio mTavrobis nebadaurTvelad ara moimoqmedos ra iseTi, rac mis
uflebas aRemateba; e) wirva-locvis dros kaTolikozis saxels ixseniebdes; v)

sxva eparqiaSi Tavisi nebiT ara daiwyos ra; z) pativiscemiT epyrobodes sxva
mRvdelT-mTavrebs, saeparqio sabWoebs da saeparqio krebis gadawyvetilebas; e)
ufleba
aqvs
damnaSave
mRvdels
aukrZalos
administraciuli
wesiT
mRvdelmoqmedeba, epitemia daados ara umetes erTis Tvisa, anu moxsnas, da
amas acnobebs saeparqio sabWos.
SeniSvna: episkopozi, Tu igi eparqiis mmarTveli ar aris, anu qorepiskoposobas ar asrulebs da adgilobriv saeparqio da
sakaTolikozo sinodis nebarTviT asrulebs mxolod samrevlo mRvdlis movaleobas, swiravs filonSi da panaRias, gareSe wirva-locvisa, ar
atarebs; wirva-locvaSi mis eklesiaSi moixsenieba kaTolikoz-patriarqis da adgilobriv mRvdelT-mTavris saxelebi.
saolqo mmarTveloba $28. olqs saeparqio mTavrobis xelmZRvanelobiT
ganagebs saolqo kreba, romelSiac monawileobas iRebs olqis TviTeuli
samrevlodan
or-ori
warmomadgeneli,
romelTagan
erTi
aucileblad
samRvdeloa; krebas Tavmjdomareobs mTavarxucesi. saolqo krebas iwvevs
saolqo sabWo da igi kanonieria, Tu masze gamocxaddeba ara umcires yvela
wevrTa naxevarisa. saolqo kreba aris Cveulebrivi weliwadSi orjel da
ara Cveulebrivi saWiroebisadagvarad.
$29. saolqo krebis kompetencias ekuTvnis a) saolqo sabWos wevrTa, maTi
kandidatebis da mTavarxucesis arCeva sami wliT, agreTve arCeva delegatebisa
saeparqio krebisaTvis; b) zrunva samrevloebSi saeklesio cxovrebis
mowesrigebisa da warmatebisaTvis; g) zrunva qvriv-obol-gaWirvebulTaTvis, da
sazogadod saqvelmoqmedo saqmis mowyoba olqSi; d) saolqo sabWos moqmedebis
angariSis ganxilva; e) Suamdgomlobis aRZvra da mosazrebaTa wardgena
Sesaxeb axlis samrevloebis daarsebisa, arsebul samrevloTa gayofisa da
Semcirebisa.
$30. saolqo krebis aRmasrulebeli organo aris saolqo sabWo, romelsac
Tavmjdomareobs mTavarxucesi. saolqo sabWo Sesdgeba samis wevrisagan,
romelTagan ori sasuliero piria.
SeniSvna: saolqo krebis arCevnebs amtkicebs saeparqio sabWo.
$31. saolqo sabWo: a) adgens saolqos wliur angariSs, romelsac
warudgens saolqo krebasa da saeparqio sabWos b) winaswar daamuSavebs
sakiTxebs, romelic saolqo krebas unda waredginos gansaxilvelad; g) iwvevs
saolqo krebas da xelmZRvanelobas uwevs samrevlo krebebs krebulis wevrTa
arCevnebSi; d) iZleva saWiro cnobebs olqis dawesebulebaTa da mosamsaxure
pirTa Sesaxeb, roca amas umaRlesi saeklesio dawesebulebani moiTxoven; e)
zrunavs moawesrigos krebulis wevrTa Soris amtydari uTanxmoebani saZmo
Semosavlisa da sazogadod sameurneo saqmeebis gamo, agreTve amave xasiaTis
uTanxmoebani krebulis wevrTa da samrevlo sabWoebs Soris; v) aZlevs
krebulis wevrTa Tavisuflebas ara umetes oris kvirisa.
samrevlo $32. samrevlo aris erTis sarwmunoebriv-zneobriobis mizniT,
urTierTis daxmarebis azriT, saeklesio meurneobiT, sakuTaris krebulis
xelmZRvanelobiT, saerTo taZris garSemo Semokrebili da episkopozze
kanoniurad damokidebuli morwmuneTa sazogadoeba.
$33. samrevlos gaxsna ar SeiZleba, ukeTu morwmuneTa ricxvi imdenad
mcirea, rom sakuTari taZrisa da krebulis Senaxva ar SeuZliaT. TviTeul
samrevlos uWiravs gansazRvruli teritoria, romlis sazRvrebi SeiZleba
Seicvalos sxva samrevloebTan SeTanxmebiT da saTanado saeklesio mTavrobis
nebarTviT.

S e n i S v n a . qalaqebSi samrevloTaTvis teritoriuli principis dacva savaldebulo ar aris.

$34. mrevlad iTvleba yoveli morwmune, romelic gansazRvruls samrevlos
ekuTvnis, Setanilia samrevlo davTarSi da monawileobas iRebs yvela
xarjebSi, rasac samrevlo eweva.
$35. samrevlos qonebas Seadgens sanTlis Semosavali da taZarSi, an
mrevlSi Segrovili Semowiruloba. am qonebas samrevlo ganagebs Sesafer
organoTa saSualebiT.
S e n i S v n a . erTsa da iamve samrevloSi SeiZleba iyos zed miwerili taZari, romelSiac, Tu saWiroeba
moiTxovs da mosaxerxebelic iqneba, sruldeba yovelgvari RvTismsaxureba.
$36. samrevlos ganagebs saeparqio mTavrobis xelmZRvanelobis qveSe
samrevlo kreba da mis mier arCeuli samrevlo sabWo.
$37. samrevlo krebas Seadgens yevla marTlmadidebeli qali da kaci (ara
umcires 18 wlisa), romelnic am samrevlos sabuTebSi arian Cawerilni
rogorc wevrni samrevloisa.
$38. ufleba samrevlo krebaSi monawileobis miRebisa gadamwyvetis xmiT
aqvT a) krebulis wevrT da b) yvela srulwlovan marTlmadidebel qalsa da
kacs (ara umcires 18 wlisa), romelnic am samrevlos sabuTebSi arian
Cawerilni, rogorc wevrni samrevloisa. gamonaklisi aRniSnulia qvemore
muxlSi.
$39. samrevlo krebaze monawileobis miRebis ufleba ar aqvT im pirT a)
romelnic daarRveven wesierebas taZarSi, agreTve samrevlo krebaze, b)
romelTac ar SemoaqvT samrevlo gadasaxadebi Tu isini samrevlo krebis mier
ganTavisuflebulni ar arian, rogorc Raribebi, gadasaxadisagan.
$40. kreba aris Cveulebrivi weliwadSi erTxel da ara Cveulebrivi
saWiroebisamebr. samrevlo krebas iwvevs samrevlo sabWo. kreba unda mowveul
iqnas im SemTxvevaSic, roca amas moiTxovs ara umcires samrevlois 20-is
srul-wlovanis wevrisa; kreba kanonieria, ukeTu masze samrevlos mekomurTa
warmomadgenelTa () naxevari mainc gamocxaddeba, xolo Tu kreba pirvel
mowvevaze ar Sesdga, meored igi kanonieria, ramdeni wevric unda gamocxaddes.
$41. samrevlos krebis kompetencias ekuTvnis: a) arCeva krebulisa da
samrevlo sabWos wevrebisa da maTi kandidatebisa, agreTve samrevlos
molarisa; b) eklesiisa da krebulis SenaxvisaTvis zrunva; g) samarTalSi
micema samrevlo sabWos wevrebisa samsaxuris aRsrulebis dros uflebis
aRmatebisa da borotmoqmedebisaTvis; d) zrunva eklesiis gamSvenierebisa da
keTilmowyobisaTvis;
e)
zrunva
samrevlos
sarwmunoebriv-zneobrivi
srulyofisa da mis saganmanaTleblo-saqvelmoqmedo dawesebulebaTaTvis; z)
zrunva sakrebulo binisaTvis; z) daniSvna sarevizio komisiis wevrebisa
samrevlo sabWos moqmedebisa da angariSis gansaxilvelad; h) Suamdgomlobis
aRZvra taZris kapitalurad gadakeTebis Sesaxeb, roca trapezis aSlaa saWiro.
$42. samrevlo krebis aRmasrulebeli organo aris samrevlo sabWo, romelic
Sesdgeba krebulis yvela wevrTa da ara umcires eqvsis wevrisa, romelTac
irCevs samrevlo kreba, sami wlis vadiT. samrevlo sabWos Tavmjdomareobs
eklesiis winamZRvari, xolo roca igi ar aris, maSin sabWo TviTon irCevs
Tavmjdomares Tvis Soris. sabWos sxdomebi imarTeba TveSi erTxel, xolo, Tu
saWiroeba moiTxovs, ufro xSiradac. saqmeebi swydeba ubralo xmis
umetesobiT, xolo, roca xmebi Tanabrad iyofa, maSin is azri upitaresobs,
romelsac Tavmjdomare emxroba.

S e n i S v n a
1 . Tu samrevlo krebisa da sabWos ganCineba eklesiis winamZRvars miaCnia eklesiis
sazianod, mas SeuZlia ganCinebis sisruleSi moyvanis SeCereba da misi adgilobriv mRvdelmTavarTan gansaCivreba, - amis Sesaxeb
Tavis azri winamZRvarma unda gamosTqvas krebazedve.
SeniSvna 2. sabWos wevrad irCeva rogorc mamakaci, ise dedakaci.
SeniSvna 3. sabWos wevrad ar SeiZleba arCeul iqmnas samRvdelo xarisxiTgan gandgomili, an gankveTili.
$43. samrevlo sabWos kompetencia aris: a) eklesiis qonebis marTva-gamgeoba;
b) yovelgvari
statistikuri cnobis Sekreba, rasac ki samrevlos marTvagamgeobisaTvis
aqvs
raime
mniSvneloba;
g)
akrefa
keTilmneblobiTi
Sewirulebisa mrevlSi da misi daniSnulebisamebr moxmareba; d) zrunva
eklesiisa da krebulis Sesanax saSualebaTa gasaZliereblad; e) zrunva
taZrisa da RvTismsaxurebis keTilmowyobisaTvis; v) zrunva qvriv-obolTa da
gaWirvebulTaTvis qvelmoqmedebis wesiT; z) aRZvra saqmisa im pirTa
winaaRmdeg, romelnic eklesiasa da morwmuneTa sarwmunoebriv grZnobas
Selaxaven; h) winaswari damuSaveba im sakiTxebisa, romelic krebam unda
ganixilos; T) samrevlo qonebisa da Tanxebis yovelTviuri Semowmeba; i)
Tavisi moqmedebis wliuri angariSis Sedgena mTavarxucesisa da samrevlo
krebisaTvis warsadgenad; ia) igi avalebs erT-erT wevrs sameurneo nawilis
gamgeobas, xolo erT-erT wevrs xazindarobas da ib) sabWos davalebiT
krebulis wevrs SeuZlia orive Tanamdebobis asruleba.
S e n i S v n a :
sameurneo nawilis gamged da xazindrad SeiZleba daniSnul iqmnas samrevlo sabWos mier
qalic.
$44. krebuli. krebulis aucilebel wevrad iTvlebian: mRvdeli da wignismkiTxveli, xolo, sadac aris, iq samrevlos diakonic (mTavari).
S e n i S v n a
1 . diakoni da wignis-mkiTxveli arian mxolod Tanamsaxurni mRvdlisa da uimisod araviTari
mRvdelmoqmedebis Sesruleba ar SeuZlianT samrevloSi.
$45. eklesiis krebulis wevrs mRvdels, diakons da wignis mkiTxvels
irCevs samrevlo kreba im pirTagan, romelTac, aqvT dasturi arCevnebze
daSvebisa saolqo da saeparqio sabWoTagan. samrevlos Tu ar hyavs Tavisi
kandidatebi krebulis wevrisa, mimarTavs mRvdelT-mTavars aseTi wevrebis
daniSvnisaTvis.
$46. mRvdeli. mRvdeli valdebulia: a) mudam Tavis mrevlSi scxovrobdes da
samrevlo ar dastovos, gansakuTrebiT roca iq raime moaruli seni gaCndeba
da roca samrevlos gansacdeli ram moelis; b) gansakuTrebul Tvalyurs
adevnebdes sakuTars yofaqcevas, rogorc sazogadoebaSi, ise Tavis saxlSi; g)
aasrulos sazogadoebrivi RvTismsaxureba dawesebul dros; d) mrevlis
moTxovnilebisamebr aasrulos saWiro mRvdelmoqmedeba; v) Tvalyuri adevnos
mrevlSi saeklesio disciplinisa da zneobis dacvas; z) roca samsaxuris
dros ama Tu im sakiTxis Sesaxeb eWvi daebadeba, axsna-ganmartebisaTvis
mTavarxucess da saeparqio mTavrobas mimarTos; z) eklesiaSi qadageba da
sazogadod swavla-moZRvreba; T) RvTismsaxurebis dros kaTolikozisa da
Tavisi episkopozis saxeli moixsenios; i) krebulis sxva wevrTa saSualebiT
saeklesio sabuTebi awarmovos; ia) sxva samrevloSi mRvdelmoqmedebis
SesrulebisaTvis gamoiTxovos adgilobrivi mRvdlis nebarTva.
$47. samRvdelo da sadiakvno kandidats unda hqondesT sakmao sazogado
ganviTareba, icoden saeklesio tibikoni da kiTxva-galoba, rac windawinve
unda iqmnes Semowmebuli saeparqio mTavrobis mier.
S e n i S v n a
1 :
meored jvardawerils, an qvrivze jvardawerils eris kacs neba eZleva
mTavardiakvnobis da mRvdlobis xarisxis miRebisa.

SeniSvna 2: mRvdels neba aqvs Seasrulos RvTis msaxurebis dros diakonis samsaxuri diakonisave SesamoselSi, xolo
ipodiakons neba eZleva kvereqsis warmoTqmisa.
SeniSvna 3: wignismkviTxvelad SeiZleba arCeul iqmnes qalic.
saeklesio samarTali $48. saqarTvelos eklesiis samarTals eqvemdebareba
ama eklesiis yvela wevri iseT saqmeebSi saeklesio swavla-moZRvrebisa,
zneobriv cxovrebisa, saeklesio wyobilebisa da saeklesio samsaxuris
winaaRmdeg, romelTaTvisac saeklesio kanoniT dadgenilia gansazRvruli
sasjeli anu zomebi zRvevisa da gasworebisa.
$49. sakaTolikozo sinodi asrulebs uzenaes sasuliero sasamarTlo
funqciebs. yovelive danaSauloba eklesiur-sarwmunoebriv TvalsazrisiT,
romelic Seexeba morwmuneTa da samRvdelo pirTa, garda episkopozisa, irCeva
saeparqio sabWos mier, saeparqio sabWos ganCinebiT ukmayofilo pirs SeuZlia
ganasaCivros
aseTi
ganCineba
sakaTolikozo
sinodSi.
ukeTu
saqme
gadawyvetilia sakaTolikozo sinodis Cveulebriv Semadgenlobisagan, aseTi
gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gansaCivrebul iqmnas imave sinodis gaZlierebul
SemadgenlobaSi, romlis dadgenileba sabolovoa.
$50.
saeparqio
sabWos
samarTals
eqvemdebareba:
danaSaulobani,
romelTaTvisac saeklesio kanonebiT dadgenilia zomebi: mRvdelmoqmedebis
aRkveTa, samsaxuridan gadayeneba, eklesiis wevrobidan gamoricxva; saeklesio
epitimiis dadeba morwmuneebze da samRvdelo pirebze; jvrisweris gauqmebis
saqme.
$51. mRvdelTmTavarTa Sesaxeb saCivrebs ixilavs sinodi da Rebulobs
droebiT zomebs, xolo sabolovo msjavri gamoaqvs sakaTolikozo sinodis
gaZlierebul Semadgenlobas (ix. $7). mRvdelTmTavarTa ara kanonier
moqmedebaTa gamo TviT sakaTolikozo sinodsac aqvs ufleba saqmis aRZvrisa.
gadmobeWdilia wignidan
gamgeobisaTvis, tfilisi, 1928.

`debuleba

saqarTvelos

eklesiis

marTva-

14. saqarTvelos VIII saeklesio krebis (1937 w.) saxeliT gamocemuli `debuleba~
1945 wlis 28 marts saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinodma miiRo `debuleba
saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobisaTvis~, romelic SeTanxmebuli iyo
meoTxe da merve saeklesio krebaTa mier damtkicebul `debulebebTan~,
amasTanave, igi SeTanxmebuli iyo imJamindel sabWoTa kavSirSi moqmed

samoqalaqo kanonebTan. am debulebaTa ZaliT mTlianad gauqmebul iqna ara

mxolod adrindeli `sakaTolikozo sabWo~, romelsac imdenad didi uflebebi
gaaCnda, rom krebaTa Soris periodSi igi xelmZRvanelobda eklesias, aramed
1927 wels dadgenili `sakaTalikozo sinodic~. axali debulebis mixedviT,
krebaTa Soris periodSi amJamad ukve sruli mmarTveli iyo kaTolikozpatriarqi, romelTanac arsebobda `kaTalikoz-patriarqis Tana sinodi~. misi
wevrebi mxolod mRvdelmTavrebi iyvnen.
1937 wels VIII saeklesio krebaze moxda wm. sinodis reorganizacia,
SemoRebul
iqna
erTpirovnuli
marTva-gamgeoba,
sinods
ewoda
kaTalikosisTanai.
1945 wlis 28 martis debulebas aqvs rezolucia - `miRebul iqnas:
kaTalikoz-patriarqi
kalistrate,
urbneli
mitropoliti
melqisedeki,
quTaTel-genaTel-Wyondideli
episkopozi
efremi,
wilkneli
episkopozi
tarasi, ninowmideli episkoposi dimitri~. debulebis mixedviT saqarTvelos
eklesiaSi iyo 15 eparqia, romelTagan mravali umRvdelmTavrod iyo
darCenili.
eklesia
da
misi
saWeTmpyrobeli
debulebis
mixedviT
xelmZRvanelobda `saRmrTo weriliT, msoflio da adgilobrivi (maT Soris
saqarTvelos)
krebaTa
dadgenilebebiT
da
saxelmwifoSi
momqmedi
kanonmdeblobiT~.

debuleba
saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobisaTvis
(SeTanxmeba meoTxe
da merve saeklesio krebaTa mier
`debulebaTa~ ssr kavSirSi momqmed samoqalaqo kanonebTan)
*
*

damtkicebul

$1. marTva-gamgeobis mxriv saqarTvelos eklesia ganiyofeba eparqiebad,

eparqiebi - olqebad, xolo olqebi samrevloebad.
$2. saqarTvelos eklesiaSi Semdegi eparqiebia:
a) mcxeTa-Tbilisisa, romlis mwyemsT-mTavari aris mTavarepiskopozi mcxeTisa da
Tbilisisa
da
sruliad
saqarTvelos
kaTolikoz-patriarqi.
samwyso:
saqarTvelos eklesiis wm. deda qalaqi mcxeTa, Tbilisi da gare kaxeTi
(teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: kawareTisa, mcxeTisa, ninowmidisa, rusTavisa da
Tbilisisa), rasac Seicavs exlandeli raionebi TianeTisa, mcxeTisa,
sagarejosi da yaraiazisa da nawili Tbilisisa.
kaTedra eparqiisa aris
mcxeTaSi (sveticxovelSi), xolo kaTolikozis rezidencia TbilisSi.
SeniSvna 1. kaTolikoz-patriarqis samwysos Seadgens saqarTvelos eklesiis wevrni, mcxovrebni sakaTolikozos gareT iseT
qveynebSi, sadac marTlmadidebeli episkopozi ar aris.
SeniSvna 2. rodesac kaTolikoz-patriarqi gardaicvleba, an mZime avadmyofobisa da sxva mizezTa gamo moklebuli iqmneba
saSvalebas gauwios xelmZRvaneloba saeklesio marTva-gamgeobas, mis adgils iWers is mRvdelTmTavari, mosaydris wodebiT, romlis
Sesaxeb kaTolikoz-patriarqis mdivanTan inaxeba misi uwmindesobis da unetaresobis werilobiTi gankarguleba; mosaydreoba uqmdeba,
rodesac kaTolikoz-patriarqi Tavis adgilzea. kaTolikozis gardacvalebis Semdeg kreba unda iyos mowveuli ara ugvianes sami Tvisa.

SeniSvna 3. qorepiskopozi SeiZleba hyavdes mxolod kaTolikoz-patriarqs.

b) agarak-walkisa, anu axtala penteliTarisa (beStaSenis) (teritoria Zveli
eparqiebisa: agarakisa, bolnisisa, dmanisisa da walkisa), rasac Seicavs
raionebi baSkiCeTisa, bolnisisa, borCalosi da walkisa, da lori-bambakis
mxare.
kaTedra
axtalaSi
(agaraki),
rezidencia
TbilisSi,
pativi
mRvdelTmTavrisa `axtala-penteliTaris (beStaSenis) episkopozi~.
g) alaverdisa. samwyso: Sida kaxeTi (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: alaverdisa,
nekresisa da xarWaSenisa), rasac Seicavs Telavisa da yvarlis raionebi da
TianeTis raionis nawili xarWiSos ubnis mimatebiT da amaT garda didoeTdurZukeTi, miwerili Tergisa da daRestnis mxareebze. kaTedra alaverdSi,
rezidencia
qalaq
TelavSi,
pativi
mRvdelT-mTavrisa:
`alaverdeli
episkopozi~ (anu abba alaverdeli).
d) awyurisa. samwyso: samcxe-javaxeTi da zemo somxeTi (teritoria Zveli
eparqiebisa: alaSkertisa, anisisa, awyurisa, dadaSenisa, eruSeTisa, karisa,
kumurdosi, wurwyabisa da wyarosTavisa), rasac Seadgens raionebi adigenisa,
aspinZisa da axalqalaqisa, axalcixisa da bogdanovkasi, da alaSkerti,
artaanis olqi, basiani, gumbris mxare, yarsis olqi da yaRzevanis olqi.
kaTedra mRvdelmTavrisa awyverSi, rezidencia qalaq axalcixeSi. mRvdelTmTavris pativi - `mawyvereli episkopozi~.
e) baTom-Semoqmedisa. samwyso: guria, taoklarjeTi da WaneTi (teritoria Zveli
eparqiebisa: anCisa, banisa, iSxanisa, satrafelasi, tbeTisa, jumaTisa,
xinowmidisa imave baTumis, Semoqmedisa), rasac Seicavs saqarTvelos
respublikis sazRvrebSi exlandeli raionebi baTomisa, maxaraZisa, qedisa,
qobuleTisa, Coxataurisa da xulosi, xolo osmaleTis sazRvrebSi olqebi:
aTinasi, arTvinisa, TorTomisa, kiskimisa, ispirisa, olTisisa, rizesi, da
xofasi. kaTedra mRvdelTmTavrisa baTomSi da rezidencia iqve. pativi
mRvdelmTavrisa: `baTomel-Semoqmedeli episkopozi~.
v) bodbisa. samwyso: rani, Saqi, wukeTi da hereTi (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa:
bodbisa, giSisa, Weremisa da xornabujisa), rasac Seicavs raionebi gujaanisa,
kaWreTisa, lagodexisa, signaxisa da wiTelwyarosi, da olqebi areSisa,
ganjisa, zaqaTlisa, nuxisa, samurisa da yazaxisa. kaTedra bodbeSi.
rezidencia mRvdelTmTavrisa qalaq siRnaRSi, pativi mRvdelT-mTavris:
`bodbeli episkopozi~.
z) margveTisa. samwyso: zemo imereTi (teritoria nawili gaenaTis Zveli
eparqiisa), - exlandeli raionebi zestafonisa, orjonikiZisa, saCxerisa,
Cxarisa da WiaTurisa. kaTedra mRvdelT-mTavrisa argveTSi, rezidencia
saCxereSi. mRvdelT-mTavris pativi: `margveli episkoposi~.
h) manglisisa. samwyso: sabaraTiano (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: manglisisa da
winwyarosi), rasac Seicavs exlandeli Tbilisis raionis dasavleTis nawili:
wyneTi-TeleTis
xazidan

TeTriwyaros
raioni.
kaTedra
manglisSi,
rezidencia TbilisSi. pativi mwyemsT-mTavrisa - `mangleli episkoposi~.
T). nikorwmidisa. samwyso: raWa (teritoria nikorwmidis Zveli eparqiisa),
exlandeli raionebi ambrolaurisa da onisa. kaTedra nikorwmidaSi,
rezidencia mRvdelTmTavrisa onSi. pativi mRvdelTmTavrisa: `nikorwmindeli
episkopozi~.
i) urbnisisa. samwyso: Sida qarTli (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: nawili
samTavisisa, niqozisa, ruisisa, samTavrosi da urbnisisa), rasac Seicavs
exlandeli raionebi borjomisa, gorisa, znaurisa, kaspisa, leningorisa,

stalinirisa, qarelisa, xaSurisa da javasi da amas garda dvaleTi, miwerili

Tergis mxareze. kaTedra urbnisSi, rezidencia mRvdelT-mTavrisa qal.
gorSi. mRvdelTmTavris pativi: `urbneli episkopozi~.
ia) quTais-gaenaTisa. samwyso: qvemo-imereTi da okriba (teritoria Zveli
eparqiebisa: quTaisisa, xonisa da nawili gaenaTisa), rasac Seadgens raionebi
vanisa,
maiakovskisa
(baRdaTisa),
samtrediisa,
tyibulisa,
quTaisisa,
wulukiZisa (xonisa) da wyaltubosi. kaTedra quTaisSi da mwyemsT-mTavris
rezidencia iqve. mwyemsTmTavris pativi aris `quTaTel-genaTeli episkopozi~.
ib) cagerisa. samwyso: leCxum-svaneTi (teritoria cageris Zveli eparqiisa), exlandeli raionebi zemo svaneTisa, qvemo svaneTisa da cagerisa. kaTedra
cagerSi. mRvdelTmTavris rezidencia iqve. pativi mRvdelTmTavrisa: `cagereli
episkopozi~.
ig) cxum-afxazeTisasa (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: drandisa imave cxumisa,
bediisa, biWvinTisa da moqvisa), exlandeli afxazeTis sabWoTa avtonomiuri
respublikis raionebi gagrisa, galisa, gudauTisa, gulripSisa, oCamCiresi,
qluxorisa da cxumisa da zugdidis raionis nawili mdinare inguris
dasavleTiT. kaTedra mRvdelTmTavrisa cxumSi (soxumSi), rezidencia iqve,
mRvdelTmTavris pativi aris - `cxum-afxazeTis episkopozi~.
id) wilknisa. samwyso: orisave aragvis, qsan-lexuris xeoba, gare qarTli,
saguramo da fSavxevsureTi (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa samTavrosi, nawili
samTavisisa da wilknisa), rasac Seicavs raionebi duSeTisa da yazbegisa da
nawili samxreT oseTis avtonomiuri olqisa. kaTedra mRvdelTmTavrisa
wilkanSi, rezidencia droebiT sveticxovelTan, pativi mRvdelTmTavrisa
`wilkneli episkopozi~.
ie) Wyondidisa. samwyso: odiSi (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: caiSisa,
walenjixisa da Wyondidisa), exlandeli raionebi abaSisa, gegeWkorisa,
zugdidisa, foTisa, Cxorowyuisa, cxakaiasi, walenjixisa da xobisa. kaTedra
mwyemsT-mTavrisa martvilSi, rezidencia
q.foTSi. pativi mwyemsmTavrisa
aris - `Wyondideli episkopozi~.
S e n i S v n a : am siis Secvla da Sevseba sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiis krebis kompetencias ekuTvnis.

mTavari gamgeoba $3. saqarTvelos eklesias ganagebs saeklesio kreba, romelic

Sesdgeba
mmarTvel
mRvdelmTavrebisa
da
kaTolikoz-patriarqis
qorepiskopozisagan; mRvdelTmTavarTa mier momqmed eparqiebidan mowveul
TiTo sasuliero da saero pirTagan da mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqiidan imden
sasuliero da saero warmomadgenelTagan, ramdenic gamowveul iqmneba
danarCen eparqiebidan.
SeniSvna 1. avadmyofobis dros mRvdelT-mTavars ufleba aqvs wargzavnos krebazed Tavisi warmomadgeneli sasuliero piri.
SeniSvna 2. momqmed eparqiad iTvleba, sadac msaxurobs ori mRvdeli mainc.
SeniSvna 3. delegatad ar SeiZleba arCeul iqmnes mRvdlis xarisxisagan gandgomil an gankveTili.
$4. sruliad saqarTvelos saeklesio krebas iwvevs da Tavmjdomareobs
kaTolikozi, xolo, roca igi ar aris, misi mosaydre. kreba irCevs
prezidiumis danarCen wevrebs da mdivnebs. kreba moiwveva saWiroebis mixedviT,
mTavrobis nebarTviT. kreba kanonieria, Tu mowveulTa naxevarze meti
gamocxaddeba.
$5.
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
krebis
kompetencias
eqvemdebareba:
a)
adgilobrivi saeklesio kanonmdebloba; b) uzenaesi saeklesio samarTali; g)

sabolood garCeva da gadawyveta im saqmeebisa, romelTac mas kaTolikozi an

misi mosaydre warudgens; d) arCeva kaTolikozisa; e) Zveli kaTedrebis
aRdgena, axali eparqiebis gaxsna an arsebul eparqiaTa daxurva da sazRvrebis
gamijvna; v) zrunva sasuliero saswavlebelTa daarsebisa da nivTierad
uzrunvelyofisaTvis.
$6. kaTolikozi. saWeTmpyroblad (mTavar winamZRvrad) eklesiisa iTvleba mTavarepiskopozi mcxeTisa da tfilisisa da sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikozpatriarqi, romelsac irCevs saqarTvelos eklesiis kreba, faruli xmis
micemiT. arCeulad CaiTvleba kandidati, romelic umravles amomrCev xmas
miiRebs, magram damswre amomrCevelT xmebis naxevarze mets.
S e n i S v n a
1 .
kaTolikoz-patriarqi pasuxismgebelia mxolod krebis winaSe.
S e n i S v n a
2 : sakaTolikozo kandidatisaTvis berobis miReba savaldebulo ar aris. fizikurisa da
zneobrivis mxriv igi unda akmayofilebdes saeklesio kanonTa moTxovnilebas da sasurvelia hqondes miRebuli umaRlesi sazogado
ganaTleba da Sesaferi saRvTismetyvelo momzadeba.
$7. sakrebaTaSoriso periodSi sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiis uzenaes
uflebaTa ganmaxorcielebelia kaTolikoz-patriarqi.
$8.
kaTolikoz-patriarqi
Tavis
movaleobaTa
aRsrulebis
dros
xelmZRvanelobs saRmrTo weriliT, msoflio da adgilobriv (maT Soris
saqarTvelos eklesiis) krebaTa dadgenilebiT da saxelmwifoSi momqmedi
kanonmdeblobiT.
$9. kaTolikoz-patriarqis kompetencia aseTia: a) is Tavmjdomareobs
sruliad saqarTvelos saeklesio krebas; b) mwyemsmTavrulad mimoixilavs
sakaTolikozos eparqiebs da xelmZRvanelobas uwevs episkoposebs saeparqio
marTva-gamgeobaSi;
g)
mis
saxels
ixsenieben
wirva-locvis
dros
sakaTolikozos mRvdelTmTavrebi da samRvdeloeba; d) zrunva saeklesio
swavla-moZRvrebisa, qarTuli RvTismetyvelebis ayvavebisa da Seuryvnelad
dacvisaTvis; e) zrunavs samwysoTa sarwmunoebriv-zneobrivi warmatebisaTvis; v)
zrunavs
taZarTa,
saqvelmoqmedo
da
sasuliero
saganmanaTleblo
dawesebulebaTa
keTilmowyobisaTvis;
z)
Suamdgomlobs
saTanado
dawesebulebaTa
winaSe
saqvelmoqmedo
da
sasuliero
samoswavlo
saganmanaTleblo
dawesebulebaTa
daarsebis
Sesaxeb;
h)
zrunavs
samRvdeloebis qonebrivad uzrunvelyofisaTvis; T) zrunavs samsaxuridan
gasul
samRvdelo
pirTa,
saeklesio
dawesebulebaTa
moxeleTa
da
samRvdeloebis qvriv-obolTaTvis; i) zrunavs saRmrTo da saeklesiosaRvTismsaxuro wignTa Sesworebisa da
gamocemisaTvis; ia) anTavisuflebs
mRvdelmTavarTa, Tanaxmad maTis Txovnisa, samsaxuridan; ib) niSnavs revizias
sxva da sxva saWiroebaTa da SemTxvevaTa gamo; ig) ganixilavs saeparqio da
sakaTolikozos wliur angariSebs; id) zrunavs krebaze gansaxilvel sakiTxTa
damuSavebisa da masalebis SekrebisaTvis; ie) zrunavs galobis aRdgenagamSvenebisaTvis; iv) zrunavs uepiskopozod darCenil eparqiaTaTvis; iz)
aZlevs droebiT Tavisuflebas episkopozebs da daTxovnis sigelebs im
episkopozebs, romelnic droebiT eparqiidan sxvagan sadme midian; ih) iRebs
saCivrebs episkopozTa Sesaxeb da aZlevs am saCivrebs kanonier msvlelobas;
iT) saWiro SemTxvevaSi, aZlevs rCevas da mwyemsmTavrul SeniSvnas
episkopozebs; k) miwer-mowera aqvs sxva avtokefalur eklesiebTan da
saxelmwifo umaRles dawesebulebebTan.
$10.
kaTolikozs
yvanan
TanamSromlebi:
rwmunebuli
(samoqalaqo
dawesebulebebTan urTierTobisaTvis), mdivani da sameurneo nawilis gamge.

$11. kaTolikoz-patriarqis da eparqiaTa mRvdelTmTavrebis Sesanaxi

xarjebi
unda
gaRebul
iqmnas
winandeburad:
mRvdelTmTavarTaTvis
samrevloebidan, xolo kaTolikoz-patriarqisaTvis sameurneo gamgeobis
Tanxidan.
SeniSvna: sameurneo gamgeobis Tanxa Sedgeba: kaTolikoz-patriarqis eparqiebis eklesiebisa da zedmiweril mRvdelTa
Semosavlis, da mRvdelTmTavarTa saeparqio Semosavlis gansazRvrul %-dan.
sinodi $12. kaTolikoz-patriarqTan arsebobs saeklesio sinodi, romlis
wevrebad iTvlebian mmarTveli mRvdelTmTavrebi da kaTolikoz-patriarqis
qorepiskopozi.
$13. kaTolikoz-patriarqi, mociqulTa 34 kanonis Tanaxmad, saWiroebis
mixedviT iwvevs kaTolikoz-patriarqis Tanai saeklesio sinods da mimarTavs
samwysos saxelmZRvanelo epistoleebiT.
$14. kaTolikoz-patriarqi uflebamosilia miuboZos mRvdelTmTavarT
sapatio titulebi da jildoebi.
SeniSvna: kaTolikos-patriarqs, mRvdelTmTavrebs da eklesiebis winamZRvrebs aqvT Tqvifarebi da beWdebi saTanado mTavrobis
mier registrirebuli.
$15. sinodis sxdoma kanonieria, Tu mas daeswreba Tavmjdomare da mowveul
wevrTa naxevari.
$16. sinodis wevrT ar aqvT ufleba Tavi Seikavon xmis micemisagan.
$17. Tu romelime wevri moisurvebs kerZo azris Setanas, movalea
gamosTqvas igi sxdomazed da ara ugvianes sami dRisa warudginos werilobiT
sxdomis Tavmjdomares, JurnalSi Sesatanad, an dasarTvelad.
$18. saqmeebis ganxilvis rigs awesebs Tavmjdomare.
$19. sakiTxis aRZvris ufleba aqvs sinodis yvela wevrs, am uflebis
gansaxorcieleblad saWiroa werilobiTi gancxadebis Setana kaTolikozpatriarqis an misi mosaydris saSvalebiT, romelic movalea aRniSnuli
gancxadeba gadasces gansaxilvelad sinodis uaxloes krebas.
$20. rodesac sinodSi irCeva saqme sinodis wevris ukanono moqmedebaTa
gamo, dainteresebul pirs neba aqvs darCes darbazSi saqmis moxsenebis dros
da miawodos sinods saWiro ganmarteba, magram, rodesac sinodi Seudgeba
ganCinebis gamotanas, ueWvelad unda dastovos darbazi.
$21. sinodis ganCinebas xels awers yvelaze uwin Tavmjdomare da mas ukan
yvela im sxdomaze damswre wevri, miuxedavad imisa, Tanaxmad iyo igi
gamotanil ganCinebisa Tu ara.
$22. sakaTolikozoSi arsebuli monastrebi xelmZRvaneloben kaTolikozpatriarqis mier damtkicebul wesdebiT.
saeparqio marTva-gamgeoba $23. episkopozi. eparqiaSi kaTolikoz-patriarqis
TanaSemwe
da
sarwmunoebriv-zneobrivi
cxovrebis
xelmZRvaneli
aris
episkopozi. fizikurad, zneobrivad da gonebrivad saepiskopozo kandidati
unda akmayofilebdes saeklesio kanonTa moTxovnilebas.
S e n i S v n a 1: saepiskopozo kandidatisaTvis berad Sedgoma savaldebulo ar aris. magram igi ar SeiZleba
iyos coliani.
SeniSvna 2: mitropolitebi pativiT episkoposebze maRla dganan; mwyemsTmTavarni pativdebul iqmnebian qirotoniis uxucesobis
mixedviT.
SeniSvna 3. mRvdelTmTavars hyavs mdivani, romelic xazinadrobasac asrulebs.
$24. eparqiis mRvdelTmTavars da qorepiskopozs niSnavs kaTolikozpatriarqi im pirTagan, romelTa saepiskopozo kandidatura mowonebulia
mRvdelTmTavarTa mier.

$25. episkopozi (mitropoliti) aris sakaTedro taZris winamZRvari. mis

kompetencias ekuTvnis: a) sruli ufleba mTel eparqiaSi moZRvrebisa; b)
ufleba yovelgvar mRvdelmoqmedebis Sesrulebisa; g) zrunva, raTa mis
eparqiaSi morwmuneni saR saeklesio swavlebas icavdnen; d) mas aqvs ufleba
axsnas qorwinebis dros zogierTi dabrkolebani, romelnic naTesavur
kavSiridan gamomdinareoben; e) sarwmunoebriv saqmeebSi masze damokidebulni
arian eparqiis yvela wevrebi; v) mis saxels aRavlens wirva-locvis dros
mTeli eparqiis samRvdeloeba; z) episkopozs ufleba aqvs damnaSave mRvdels
mRvdelmoqmedeba aukrZalos, epitemia daados, anu moxsnas, da saWiroebis
mixedviT Tavis eparqiisaTvis gamosces werilobiTi gankargulebani.
episkopozi valdebulia: a) daemorCilos saeklesio kanonebsa da
kaTolikoz-patriarqis mier gamocemul dadgenilebaTa, xolo roca ama Tu im
saeklesio kanonisa an dadgenilebis Sesaxeb gaugebroba rame daebadeba,
gansamarteblad kaTolikoz-patriarqs mihmarTos; b) cxoveli kavSiri iqonios
samwysosTan da am mizniT xSir-xSirad mimoixilos Tavisi eparqia; g)
yvelaferSi daemorCilos sruliad saqarTvelos saeklesio krebas; d) sxva
eparqiaSi Tavisi nebiT ara daiwyos ra; e) pativiscemiT epyrobodes sxva
mRvdelTmTavrebs.
$26. eparqiis eklesiaTa saWiroebaTa dasakmayofileblad sanTliT,
sakmeveliT,
SesamoseliT,
jvrebiT,
gvirgvinakebiT
da
sxva
nivTebiT
mRvdelTmTavars SeuZlian gamoiTxovos saTanado xelisuflebisagan nebarTva
xsenebul nivTebis damamzadebel saxelosnos gaxsnisaTvis.
saolqo mmarTveloba $27. olqs saeparqio mTavrobis xelmZRvanelobiT
ganagebs mTavarxucesi, romelsac niSnavs eparqiis mRvdelTmTavari.
$28. mTavarxucesi: a) zrunavs samrevloebSi saeklesio cxovrebis
mowesrigebisa da warmatebisaTvis; b) qvriv-obol-gaWirvebulTaTvis g) zrunavs
moawesrigos krebulis wevrTa Soris amtydari uTanxmoebani da d) aZlevs
krebulis wevrT Tavisuflebas ara umetes ori kvirisa.
samrevlo $29. samrevlo aris erTis sarwmunoebriv-zneobrivi mizniT,
saeklesio meurneobiT, sakuTaris krebulis xelmZRvanelobiT, saerTo taZris
garSemo Semokrebili da episkopozze kanoniurad damokidebuli morwmuneTa
sazogadoeba, romelic gatarebulia registraciaSi saTanado samoqalaqo
xelisuflebis mier, Tanaxmad morwmuneTagan eparqiis mRvdelTmTavris
meSveobiT Setanil gancxadebisa. gancxadebas xels unda awerdnen ara umcires
20 srulwlovan morwmunisa.
$30. registraciaSi gatarebis Semdeg samrevlo Rebulobs saTanado
xelisuflebisagan
gansakuTrebul
xelSekrulebiT
uvado
da
ufaso
sargeblobisaTvis taZars an samlocvelo Senobas da RvTismsaxurebisaTvis
saWiro
sagnebs,
da
movalea
daicvas
misdami
gadacemuli
qoneba
xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad.
$31. samrevlos gaxsna ar SeiZleba, ukeTu morwmuneTa ricxvi imdenad
mcirea, rom sakuTari taZrisa da krebulis Senaxva ar SeuZliaT; Tu
registraciaSi
gatarebulma
samrevlom
da
mRvdelmsaxurebma
mxvedri
gadasaxadi ar (an ver) Seitanes. samrevlo, ssr kavSiris saxkomsabWosTan
arsebul marTlmadidebel eklesiis sabWos rwmunebulTan SeTanxmebiT,
ixureba da mRvdels ekrZaleba RvTismsaxurebis Sesruleba.

$32 TviTeul samrevlos uWiravs gansazRvruli teritoria, romlis

sazRvrebi SeiZleba Seicvalos sxva samrevloebTan SeTanxmebiT da saTanado
saeklesio da samoqalaqo mTavrobis nebarTviT.
S e n i S v n a
1 :
qalaqSi samrevloTaTvis teritoriuli principis dacva savaldebulo ar aris.
SeniSvna 2: erTsa da imave samrevloSi SeiZleba iyos zedmiwerili taZari, romelSiac, Tu saWiroeba moiTxovs da
mosaxerxebelic iqmneba, sruldeba yovelgvari RvTismsaxureba.
$33. samrevlos ganagebs saeparqio mTavrobis zedamxedvelobis qveSe
samrevlo sabWo, romelic Sesdgeba krebulis yvela wevrTa da ara umcires
samis wevrisa, romelTac irCevs samrevlo kreba, sami wlis vadiT. samrevlo
sabWos Tavmjdomareobs eklesiis winamZRvari, xolo roca igi ar aris, maSin
sabWo TviTon irCevs Tavmjdomares Tvis Soris. sabWos sxdomebi imarTeba
TveSi erTxel, xolo, Tu saWiroeba moiTxovs, ufro xSiradac. saqmeebi
swydeba ubralo xmis umetesobiT, xolo, roca xmebi Tanabrad iyofa, maSin is
azri upitaresobs, romelsac Tavmjdomare emxroba.
S e n i S v n a
1 . Tu samrevlo krebisa da sabWos ganCineba eklesiis winamZRvars miaCnia eklesiis
sazianod, mas SeuZlia ganCinebis sisruleSi moyvanis SeCereba da misi adgilobriv mRvdelmTavarTan gansaCivreba, - amis Sesaxeb
Tavis azri winamZRvarma unda gamosTqvas krebazedve.
SeniSvna 2. sabWos wevrad irCeva rogorc mamakaci, ise dedakaci.
SeniSvna 3. sabWos wevrad ar SeiZleba arCeul iqmnas samRvdelo xarisxiTgan gandgomili, an gankveTili.
$34. samrevlo sabWos kompetencia aris: a) eklesiis qonebis marTva-gamgeoba;
b) misdami gacemul qonebis movla-patronoba da samoqalaqo mTavrobis winaSe
pasuxismgebloba;
g)
miReba
keTilmneblobiTi
Sewirulebisa
da
misi
daniSnulebisamebr moxmareba; d) zrunva eklesiisa da krebulis Sesanax
saSualebaTa gasaZliereblad; e) zrunva taZrisa da RvTismsaxurebis
keTilmowyobisaTvis;
v)
zrunva
qvriv-obolTa
da
gaWirvebulTaTvis
qvelmoqmedebis wesiT; z) aRZvra saqmisa im pirTa winaaRmdeg, romelnic
eklesiasa da mis qonebas zians miayeneben; eparqialuri mTavrobis mier
gamoZiebis moxdenis Semdeg damnaSave, mRvdelTmTavris ssr kavSiris
saxkomsabWosTan arsebul marTl-madidebel eklesiis sabWos rwmunebulTan
SeTanxmebiT, moixsneba adgilidan da mis magier arCeul iqneba sxva piri; h)
winaswari damuSaveba im sakiTxebisa, romelic samrevlo krebam unda
ganixilos; T) samrevlo qonebisa da Tanxebis yovelTviuri Semowmeba; i)
Tavisi moqmedebis wliuri angariSis Sedgena mTavarxucesisa da samrevlo
krebisaTvis warsadgenad; ia) igi avalebs erT-erT wevrs sameurneo nawilis
gamgeobas, xolo erT-erT wevrs xazindarobas da ib) sabWos davalebiT
krebulis wevrs SeuZlia orive Tanamdebobis asruleba.
S e n i S v n a 1 .
:
sameurneo nawilis gamged da xazinadrad SeiZleba arCeul iqmnes qalic.
SeniSvna 2: samrevlo krebis mier sami kacisagan arCeul sarevizio komisias evaleba kvartalSi erTxel gaukeTos revizia
samrevlo qonebas.
$35.
krebuli.
krebulis
aucilebel
wevrad
iTvlebian:
mRvdeli
da
wignismkiTxveli, xolo, sadac SesaZlebelia - samrevlos diakonic (mTavari).
S e n i S v n a
1 . diakoni da wignis-mkiTxveli arian mxolod Tanamsaxurni mRvdlisa da uimisod araviTari
mRvdelmoqmedebis Sesruleba ar SeuZlianT.
$36. eklesiis krebulis wevrs mRvdels, diakons da wignis mkiTxvels
niSnavs eparqiis mRvdelTmTavari.
$37. mRvdeli. mRvdeli valdebulia: a) mudam Tavis samrevloSi scxovrobdes
da samrevlo ar dastovos, gansakuTrebiT roca iq raime moaruli seni
gaCndeba da roca samrevlos gansacdeli ram moelis; b) gansakuTrebul
Tvalyurs adevnebdes sakuTars yofaqcevas, rogorc sazogadoebaSi, ise Tavis

saxlSi; g) aasrulos sazogadoebrivi RvTismsaxureba dawesebul dros,

sofelSi ki iseT saaTebSi, romelic ar SeuSlis xels sasoflo sameurneo
muSaobaTa warmoebas; d) mrevlis moTxovnilebisamebr aasrulos saWiro
mRvdelmoqmedeba; e) Tvalyuri adevnos mrevlSi saeklesio disciplinisa da
zneobis dacvas; v) roca samsaxuris dros ama Tu im sakiTxis Sesaxeb eWvi
daebadeba,
movalea
axsna-ganmartebisaTvis
mTavarxucess
da
saeparqio
mTavrobas mimarTos; z) mis upirveles movaleobas Seadgens eklesiaSi
qadageba da sazogadod swavla-moZRvreba; h) mRvdeli movalea krebulis sxva
wevrTa saSualebiT saeklesio sabuTebi awarmovos.
$38. samRvdelo da sadiakvno kandidatebs unda hqondesT sakmao sazogado
ganviTareba, icoden saeklesio tibikoni da kiTxva-galoba, rac windawinve
unda iqmnes Semowmebuli saeparqio mTavrobis mier.
SeniSvna 1: mRvdels neba aqvs Seasrulos RvTis msaxurebis dros diakonis samsaxuri diakonisave SesamoselSi, xolo
ipodiakons neba eZleva kvereqsis warmoTqmisa.
SeniSvna 2: wignismkviTxvelad SeiZleba arCeul iqmnes qalic.
saeklesio samarTali $39. saqarTvelos eklesiis samarTals eqvemdebareba
ama eklesiis yvela wevri iseT saqmeebSi saeklesio swavla-moZRvrebisa,
zneobriv cxovrebisa, saeklesio wyobilebisa da saeklesio samsaxuris
winaaRmdeg, romelTaTvisac saeklesio kanoniT dadgenilia gansazRvruli
sasjeli anu zomebi zRvevisa da gasworebisa; mRvdelmoqmedebis aRkveTa,
samsaxuridan gadayeneba, eklesiis wevrobidan garicxva, saeklesio epitimiis
dadeba morwmuneebze da samRvdelo pirebze; jvris weris gauqmebis saqme.
$49. kaTolikozi asrulebs uzenaes sasuliero sasamarTlo funqciebs
sakrebaTaSoriso periodSi. yovelive danaSauloba eklesiur-sarwmunoebriv
TvalsazrisiT,
romelic
Seexeba
morwmuneTa
da
samRvdelo
pirTa,
eqvemdebareba mas.
$51. mRvdelTmTavarTa Sesaxeb saCivrebs ixilavs da maT Sesaxeb sabolovo
msjavri gamoaqvs kaTolikozisTanai saeklesio sinods. mRvdelTmTavarTa ara
kanonier moqmedebaTa gamo TviT kaTolikozisTanai sinodsac aqvs ufleba
saqmis aRZvrisa.
gadmobeWdilia wignidan
gamgeobisaTvis~, 1945 w.

`debuleba

saqarTvelos

eklesiis

marTva-

15. saqarTvelos eklesiis XIII gafarToebuli krebis mier miRebuli `debuleba~

(18-19 seqtemberi, 1995)
1995 wlis 18-19 seqtembers sveticxovlis taZarSi Sedga saqarTvelos
eklesiis gafarToebuli kreba.
krebam 19 seqtembers ganixila da daamtkica debulebis proeqti. wina dRiT
kreba gaxsna da Sesavali sityva warmoTqva sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikospatriarqma, uwmidesma da unetaresma ilia II-m. eparqiaTa mmarTvelma
mRvdelmTavrebma krebas movaxseneT eparqiaTa mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, dRis
wesrigi ganisazRvra ramdenime sakiTxiT, romelnic Seexebodnen sasuliero

ganaTlebis mdgomareobas da misi gaumjobesebis gzebs, sapatriarqos

misionerul programas, axali wmidanebis kanonizirebas. krebam Tavisi
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba miapyro momaval RvTismsaxurTa ganaTlebis
sakiTxsa da axali debulebis SemoRebis saWiroebas. debulebis proeqti
krebaze warmoadgina Tbilisis sasuliero akademiis proreqtorma mRvdelma b.
kobaxiZem. krebam wmidanTa dasSi Seracxa wmida patriarqi aRmsarebeli
ambrosi xelaia, wmida mowameni mitropoliti nazari krebuliTurT (mRvdlebi
germane jajaniZe, ieroTeoz nikolaZe, simon mWedliZe, diakoni besarion
kuxianiZe), wmida mRvdelmTavrebi gabriel qiqoZe, aleqsandre oqropiriZe,
wmida mRvdelmowame grigol feraZe, Rirsi mama aleqsi SuSania.
krebam gazarda eparqiaTa ricxvi 15 nacvlad Seiqmna 27 eparqia. eklesiis
mowyobis safuZvlad gamocxadebulia wmida werili da saRmrTo gadmocema,
wmida mociqulTa, msoflio, adgilobriv da wmida mamaTa kanonebi da
wesdebebi. saqarTvelos eklesiis adgilobriv krebaTa dadgenilebani (krebis
mier gamocemuli debuleba), saqarTvelos konstitucia da Sesabamisi kanonebi.
saeklesio
xelisuflebisa
da
mmarTvelobis
umaRles
organod
gamocxadebulia `adgilobrivi saeklesio kreba saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida
sinodi, xolo krebebs Soris periodSi umaRlesi saeklesio xelisufali da
mmarTveli aris sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi~. wmida sinodis
erT-erT movaleobas II Tavis 20-e muxlis Tanaxmad, warmoadgens `saeklesio
kanonebis krebulis~ gamocema. am mxriv qvemdebare naSromi warmoadgens am
muxlis aRsasruleblad ASesrulebul samuSaos.
saqarTvelos avtokefaluri marTlmadidebeli eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis
debuleba
(miRebulia
saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis
gafarToebuli
adgilobrivi krebis mier 1995 wlis 18-19 seqtembers, mcxeTa, sveticxoveli)
Tavi I. zogadi debulebani $1. saqarTvelis sapatriarqo - saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli eklesia aris mravalerovani adgilobrivi avtokefaluri
(damoukidebeli) marTlmadidebeli eklesia, romlis did umravlesobas
qarTveli mosaxleoba Seadgens. igi imyofeba dogmatur-sarwmunoebrivliturgikul erTianobasa da locviT-kanonikur urTierTobaSi yvela sxva
adgilobriv avtokefalur marTlmadidebel eklesiebTan.
$2. saqarTvelos adgilobirivi avtokefaluri marTlmadidebeli eklesiis
(Semdgom - saqarTvelos eklesiis) iurisdiqciaSi Sedian:
1. saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi yvela marTlmadidebeli qristiani.
2. saqarTvelos sazRvrebs gareT mcxovrebi is marTlmadidebeli
qarTvelebi, romlebzedac ar vrceldeba sxva adgilobrivi marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis iurisdiqcia.
3. somxeTis respublikaSi mcxovrebi marTlmadidebeli qristianebi.
4. saqarTvelos sazRvrebs gareT mcxovrebi is marTlmadidebeli
qristianebi, romlebic ar Sedian sxva adgilobrivi marTlmadidebeli
eklesiebis iurisdiqciaSi da aqvT survili iyvnen saqarTvelos avtokefaluri
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi.
$3. saqarTvelos eklesia iyofa eparqiebad, samTavarxucesoebad da
samrevloebad.

$4. saqarTvelos eklesiaSi Sedis 27 (ocdaSvidi) eparqia maTSi Semavali

qalaqebiTa da raionebiT:
1. mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqia - q. Tbilisi Tavis raionebiT, q. mcxeTa, mcxeTisa da
gardabnis raionebi. sof. wilknis, muxranisa da saguramos gamoklebiT.
kaTedra da rezidencia mcxeTasa da TbilisSi;
2. alaverdis eparqia - q. Telavi, q. axmeta, Telavisa da axmetis raionebi.
mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi abba alaverdeli~. kaTedra alaverdSi,
rezidencia TelavSi.
3. axalcixis eparqia - q. axalcixe, axalcixis, aspinZisa da adigenis raionebi.
mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi axalcixeli~. kaTedra da rezidencia
axalcixesa da safaraSi;
4. baTumisa da sxalTis eparqia - q. baTumi, q. qobuleTi, qobuleTis, xelvaCauris,
qedas, Suaxevis da xulos raionebi. mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkopozi
baTumisa da sxalTisa~. kaTedra baTumsa da sxalTaSi, rezidencia baTumsa da
qobuleTSi;
5. bodbis eparqia - q. siRnaRi, siRnaRisa da dedofliswyaros raionebi.
mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi bodbeli~. kaTedra bodbeSi, rezidencia
bodbesa da siRnaRSi.
6. bolnisisa da dmanisis eparqia - q.bolnisi, q. dmanisi, bolnisisa da dmanisis
raionebi. mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi bolnisisa da dmanisisa~.
kaTedra da rezidencia bolnissa da dmanisSi;
7. borjomisa da axalqalaqis eparqia - q. borjomi, q. axalqalaqi, borjomisa,
axalqalaqisa da ninowmindis raionebi. mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi
borjomisa da axalqalaqisa~. kaTedra borjomSi, rezidencia borjomSi,
axalqalaqsa da ninowmindaSi;
8. vanisa da baRdaTis eparqia - q. vani, vanisa da baRdaTis raionebi. mRvdelmTavris
wodeba: `episkoposi vanisa da baRdaTisa~. kaTedra baRdaTSi, rezidencia vansa
da baRdaTSi;
9. zugdidisa da caiSis eparqia - q. zugdidi, q. walenjixa, zugdidisa da
walenjixis raionebi. mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi zugdidisa da
caiSisa~. kaTedra zudgidsa da caiSSi, rezidencia zugdidsa da walenjixaSi.
10. manglisisa da walkis eparqia - q. TeTriwyaro, q. walka, TeTriwyarosa da walkis
raionebi. mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi manglisisa da walkisa~, kaTedra
da rezidencia manglissa da walkaSi;
11. margveTis eparqia - q. zestafoni, q. Terjola, zestafonis, Terjolisa da
xaragaulis raionebi. mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi margveli~. kaTedra
zestafonSi, rezidencia zestafonSi, Terjolasa da xaragaulSi;
12. nekresis eparqia - q. yvareli, q. lagodexi, yvarelisa da lagodexis raionebi,
masSi aseve Sedian saingilos eklesiebi. mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi
nekreseli~. kaTedra nekressa da yvarelSi, rezidencia yvarelsa da
lagodexSi;
13. nikorwmindis eparqia - q. ambrolauri, q. oni, ambrolaurisa da onis raionebi.
mRvdelmTavris wodeba `episkoposi nikorwmindeli~. kaTedra nikorwmindaSi,
rezidnecia ambrolaursa da onSi;
14. niqozisa da cxinvalis eparqia - q.cxinvali, cxinvalisa da axalgoris, javisa da
znauris
raionebi.
mRvdelmTavris
wodeba:
`episkoposi
niqozisa
da
cxinvalisa~. kaTedra da rezidencia niqozsa da cxinvalSi;

15. rusTavis eparqia - q. rusTavi, q. marneuli, marneulis raioni. mRvdelmTavris

wodeba: `episkoposi rusTavisa~. kaTedra rusTavSi, rezidencia rusTavsa da
marneulSi;
16. samTavisisa da goris eparqia - q. gori, q. kaspi, gorisa da kaspis raionebi.
mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi samTavisisa da gorisa~. kaTedra da
rezidencia samTavissa da gorSi;
17. sagarejosa da gurjaanis eparqia - q. sagarejo, q. gurjaani, sagarejosa da gurjaanis
raionebi. mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi sagarejosa da gurjaanisa~.
kaTedra sagarejosa da gurjaanSi, rezidencia gurjaansa da ninowmindaSi.
18. urbnisisa da ruisis eparqia - q. xaSuri, q. qareli, xaSurisa da qarelis raionebi.
mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi urbnisisa da ruisisa~. kaTedra urbnisSi,
ruissa da xaSurSi, rezidencia xaSurSi;
19 foTis eparqia - q. foTi, q. xobi, q. senaki, foTis, xobisa da senakis raionebi.
mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi foTisa~. kaTedra foTSi, rezidencia
foTSi, xobsa da senakSi;
20 quTais-gaenaTis eparqia - q. quTaisi, wyaltubosa da tyibulis raionebi.
mRvdelmTavris
wodeba:
`episkoposi
quTaTel-gaenaTeli~.
kaTedra
da
rezidencia quTaissa da gelaTSi.
21. Semoqmedis eparqia - q. ozugeTi, q. lanCxuTi, ozurgeTis, lanCxuTisa da
Coxatauris raionebi. mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi Semoqmedeli~
kaTedra Semoqmedsa da ozurgeTSi, rezidencia ozurgeTSi, lanCxuTsa da
CoxataurSi;
22. cagerisa da svaneTis eparqia - q. cageri, cageris, mestiis da lentexis raionebi.
mRvdelTmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi cagerisa da svaneTisa~. kaTedra cagersa
da mestiaSi, rezidencia cagerSi, mestiasa da lentexSi;
23. cxum-afxazeTis eparqia - q. soxumi, q. oCamCire, q. gali, q. gudauTa, q. gagra,
soxumis, gulrifSis, galis, oCamCiris, gagrisa da gudauTis raionebi.
mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi cxum-afxazeTis~. kaTedra soxumSi da axal
aTonze, rezidencia soxumSi, gudauTasa da gagraSi;
24 wilknis eparqia - q. duSeTi, sof. wilkani, muxrani da saguramo, duSeTis,
yazbegisa
da
TianeTis
raionebi.
mRvdelmTavris
wodeba:
`episkoposi
wilkneli~. kaTedra wilkanSi, rezidencia wilkanSi, duSeTsa da TianeTSi;
25. WiaTuris eparqia - WiaTuris da saCxeris raionebi. mRvdelmTavris wodeba:
`episkoposi WiaTurisa~. kaTedra WiaTuraSi, rezidencia WiaTurasa da
saCxereSi;
26. Wyondidis eparqia - q. abaSa, q.martvili, abaSis, martvilisa da Cxorowyus
raionebi.
mRvdelmTavris
wodeba:
`episkoposi
Wyondideli~.
kaTedra
martvilSi, rezidencia martvilSi, abaSisa da CxorowyuSi;
27. xonis eparqia - q. samtredia, q. xoni, samtrediis da xonis raionebi.
mRvdelmTavris wodeba: `episkoposi xoneli~. kaTedra xonSi, rezidencia xonsa
da samtrediaSi.
$5. saqarTvelos eklesia Tavis moRvaweobas axorcielebs Semdeg
safuZvelze:
1. wmida werili da saRmrTo gadmocema;
2. wmidaTa mociqulTa, wmidaTa msoflio da adgilobriv krebaTa da
wmidaTa mamaTa kanonebi da wesdebebi;
3. saqarTvelos eklesiis adgilobriv krebaTa dadgenilebani;

4. saqarTvelos avtokefaluri marTlmadidebeli eklesiis marTvagamgeobis debuleba, saqarTvelos konstitucia da Sesabamisi kanonebi.
$6. saqarTvelos eklesia gamoyofilia saxelmwifosagan, damoukidebelia
da axorcielebs masTan urTierTobas saeklesio kanonebis, saxelmwifo
konstituciisa da Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze.
$7. saeklesio xelisuflebisa da mmarTvelobis umaRles organos
warmoadgens saqarTvelos eklesiis adgilobrivi saeklesio kreba
saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinodi, xolo krebebs Soris periodSi umaRlesi
saeklesio xelisufali da mmarTveli aris sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqi.
SeniSvna: `saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinodi~ aris saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis adgilobrivi saeklesio krebis meore
oficialuri dasaxeleba.
$8.
saeklesio
sasamarTlos
ufleba
aqvT:
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
adgilobriv saeklesio krebas - saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinods, sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs da eparqiis mmarTvel mRvdelmTavars.
$9. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo, misi ganyofilebebi, dawesebulebebi,
eparqiebi,
samrevloebi,
monastrebi,
sasuliero
saswavleblebi
da
sazRvargareT arsebuli samrevloebi da dawesebulebebi sargebloben
iuridiuli piris uflebiT.
Tavi
II.
saqarTvelos
adgilobrivi
marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis
saeklesio kreba - saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinodi $1. saqarTvelos
eklesiaSi umaRlesi xelisufleba moZRvrebis, saeklesio mmarTvelobisa da
saeklesio sasamarTlos sferoebSi, anu - sakanonmdeblo, aRmasrulebeli da
sasamarTlo xelisufleba ekuTvnis saqarTvelos eklesiis saeklesio krebas saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinods.
$2. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida sinods iwvevs sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi (an misi mosaydre) saWiroebis mixedviT,
weliwadSi aranakleb orjer da Tavmjdomareobs mas.
$3. saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinodis wevrebi arian saqarTvelos
eklesiis eparqiaTa mmarTveli mRvdelmTavrebi da sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqis qorepiskoposebi.
$4. saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinodi:
1. ganmartavs wmida werilisa da wmida gardamocemis safuZvelze
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis swavlebas. zrunavs sxva adgilobriv avtokefalur
marTlmadidebel
eklesiebTan
dogmatur-sarwmunoebrivsa
da
kanonikur
erTianobaze.
2. ixilavs da wyvets kanonikur, saRvTismsaxuro, samoZRvro da sxva
sakiTxebs, romlebic exebian eklesiis saSinao da sagareo moRvaweobas.
3.
uzrunvelyofs
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
erTianobas.
icavs
marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoebis siwmindesa da qristianul zneobas.
4. adgens axal wmindanTa aRiarebas (kanonzomierebas) da Sesabamis
RvTismsaxurebas.
5. zrunavs eklesiasa da saxelmwifos Soris samarTlebriv urTierTobebze,
eklesiis
kanonebis,
saeklesio
krebebis
dadgenilebebis,
saqarTvelos
avtokefaluri
marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis
marTva-gamgeobis
debulebis,
saxelmwifos konstituciisa da kanonebis Sesabamisad.

6. iRebs principul gadawyvetilebebs sxva avtokefalur marTlmadidebel

eklesiebTan urTierTobis Sesaxeb.
7.
Sesabamisi
saSualebebiT
gamoxatavs
Tavis
damokidebulebas
saxelmwifoSi da mTel msoflioSi momxdari movlenebisa da wamoWrili
problemebis Sesaxeb.
8. qmnis an auqmebs eparqiebs, cvlis maT teritoriul sazRvrebsa da
saxelwodebebs.
9. irCevs saqarTvelos eklesiis mRvdelmTavrebs da axdens maT
xeldasxmas.
10. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, kaTolikos-patriarqis winadadebiT, gadahyavs
mRvdelmTavrebi erTi eparqiidan meoreSi.
11.
saWiroebis
SemTxvevaSi
iRebs
gadawyvetilebas
mmarTveli
mRvdelmTavrebis pensiaSi gasvlis Sesaxeb.
12. ismens mmarTveli mRvdelmTavrebis moxsenebebs eparqiis mdgomareobis
Sesaxeb.
13. adgens proceduras yvela saeklesio sasamarTlosaTvis.
14. ganawesebs saeklesio jildoebs.
15. amtkicebs, cvlis, auqmebs da ganmartavs Tavis dadgenilebas, romlebic
Seexebian saeklesio cxovrebas.
16. sxvadasxva sakiTxis Sesaswavlad qmnis specialur komisiebs.
wm. sinodi zrunavs:
17. saqarTvelos eklesiis saSinao da sagareo moRvaweobis mniSvnelovani
saRvTismetyvelo problemebis gadaWrisaTvis.
18. wm. werilis teqstis dacvisa, Targmnisa da gamocemisaTvis.
19.
saRvTismsaxuro
wignebis
teqstebis
dacvis,
gasworebisa
da
gamocemisaTvis.
20. saeklesio kanonebis krebulis, sasuliero da saero saswavleblebis
Sesabamisi saxelmZRvaneloebis, saRvTismetyvelo literaturisa da periodikis
gamocemisaTvis.
21. sasuliero ganaTlebis srulyofisaTvis.
22. sasuliero pirTa da eklesiis saero TanamSromelTa pensiiT
uzrunvelyofisaTvis.
23. saeklesio saganZuris aRricxvis, dacvisa da SevsebisaTvis.
$5. saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinodis Tavmjdomare aris sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi an mis mier daniSnuli sapatriarqo taxtis
mosaydre.
$6. wmida marTlmadidebeli eklesiis kanonebis Tanaxmad, is saeklesio
kreba, romelic ar aris mowveuli kaTolikos-patriarqis an mosaydris mier,
ukanonoa.
$7. saqarTvelos eklesiis wm. sinodi aris pirveli da ukanaskneli
instancia saqarTvelos eklesiaSi, romelic uflebamosilia gaasamarTlos
mRvdelmTavari, ganixilos misi moRvaweobis dogmaturi da kanonikuri
cdomileba.
$8. saqarTvelos eklesiis saeklesio kreba aris pirveli da ukanaskneli
instancia saqarTvelos eklesiaSi, romelic sasamarTlo wesiT ganixilavs
konfliqtebs mRvdelmTavrebs Soris.
SeniSvna: yovelgvari saCivris gareSe saqarTvelos eklesiis saeklesio kreba uflebamosilia pasuxi agebinos im mRvdelmTavars,
romelic cxadad arRvevs saeklesio kanonebsa da wesdebebs.

$9. saqarTvelos eklesiis wm. sinodi aris ukanaskneli instancia im

sasuliero
da
saero
pirebisaTvis,
romlebsac
eparqiis
mmarTvelma
mRvdelmTavarma miusaja mRvdelmsaxurebis akrZalva, samRvdelo xarisxidan
gankveTa, sikvdilamde uziarebloba an eklesiidan gankveTa (anaTema); agreTve
im sasuliero da saero pirebisaTvis, romlebsac aqvT sakmarisi safuZveli
TavianTi eparqiis mmarTveli mRvdelmTavris ganaCenis gasaCivrebisaTvis.
$10. saqarTvelos eklesiis wm. sinodze gadawyvetilebis miReba xdeba
xmebis umravlesobiT. xmebis Tanabrad gayofis SemTxvevaSi miRebuli iqneba is
gadawyvetileba, romlebsac emxroba krebis Tavmjdomare _ sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi (an mosaydre).
$11. saqarTvelos eklesiis wm. sinodi amtkicebs Tavisi sxdomebis Catarebis
dRis wesrigs, programasa da reglaments.
$12. saqarTvelos eklesiis wm. sinodze daswreba saqarTvelos eklesiis
mRvdelmTavrebis kanonikuri valdebulebaa. mRvdelmTavars SeuZlia ar
daeswros wm. sinodis sxdomas avadmyofobis an sxva iseTi mniSvnelovani
mizezis gamo, romelsac wm. sinodi sapatiod cnobs. Tu mRvdelmTavari
arasapatio mizezis gamo ar gamocxaddeba wm. sinodze, maSin es eqvemdebareba
mTeli krebisagan Zmur Segonebas an mRvdelmoqmedebisagan droebiT ganyenebas.
$13. Tu mRvdelmTavari mniSvnelovani mizezis gamo ver daeswreba wm.
sinodis sxdomas, maSin is valdebulia wm. sinods werilobiT moaxsenos
Tavisi Sexeduleba gansaxilvel sakiTxebze.
$14. wm. sinodis arc erT wevrs ar SeuZlia xmis micemisagan Tavis Sekaveba.
Tu mRvdelmTavari ar eTanxmeba miRebul dadgenilebas, man es imave sxdomaze
unda ganacxados, xolo sxdomidan sami (3) dRis ganmavlobaSi werilobiT
unda waradginos Tavisi mosazreba, romelic daerTveba saeklesio krebis
oqmebs.
$15. saqarTvelos eklesiis wm. sinodis dadgenilebebi savaldebuloa
saqarTvelos eklesiis yoveli wevrisaTvis.
$16. saqarTvelos eklesiis wm. sinodis dadgenilebebs pirvelad xels
awers krebis Tavmjdomare - sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi (an
mosaydre), Semdeg krebis wevrebi upiratesobis mixedviT, miuxedavad imisa,
eTanxmebian Tu ara ganxilul sakiTxebze miRebul gadawyvetilebas.
$17. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wm. sinodis dadgenilebebi
ZalaSi Sedian miRebisTanave, Tu dadgenileba ar iTvaliswinebs sxva vadebs.
$18. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wm. sinodis sxdomis mowvevis
adgils irCevs sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi (an mosaydre).
Tavi III. saqarTvelos eklesiis gafarToebuli kreba $1. saqarTvelos
eklesiis gafarToebul saeklesio krebas iwvevs sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqi an sapatriarqo taxtis mosaydre.
$2. saqarTvelos eklesiis gafarToebuli krebis mowveva xdeba mxolod or
SemTxvevaSi:
1. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis arCevisas.
2. saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis axali debulebis damtkicebisas.
$3. saqarTvelos eklesiis gafarToebuli krebis SemadgenlobaSi Sedian:
a) wm. sinodis yvela wevri.

b) yoveli eparqiidan mowveuli ori sasuliero da erTi saero piri,

TiToeuli monastridan, aseve sasuliero akademiebidan da seminariebidan
warmodgenili 2-2 delegati, gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademiidan - 4 delegati
da mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqiidan imdenive warmomadgeneli, ramdenic iqneba
mowveuli yvela danarCeni eparqiidan.
$4. msoflio saeklesio krebaTa dadgenilebebis Tanaxmad, mRvdelmTavarni
gafarToebul saeklesio krebaze monawileoben xmis uflebiT, xolo
samRvdelo da samonazvno dasi, aseve saeroni monawileoben saTaTbiro xmis
uflebiT.
$5. saqarTvelo eklesiis gafarToebul krebaze sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqis
brZanebiT
SeiZleba
mowveulni
iyvnen
mecniereqspertebi.
Tavi IV. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi $1. saqarTvelos
eklesiis saWeTmpyrobeli aris sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi da
mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi.
$2. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqobis kandidati unda
akmayofilebdes Semdeg moTxovnebs:
- erovnebiT unda iyos qarTveli,
- unda iyos saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mRvdelmTavari,
- unda hqondes saRvTismetyvelo ganaTleba da saeklesio mmarTvelobis
sakmarisi gamocdileba,
- asakiT unda iyos aranakleb ormoci wlisa da araumetes samocdaaTi
wlisa,
- unda iyos beri.
$3. sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs irCevs saqarTvelos
eklesiis gafarToebuli kreba.
$4.
sruliad
saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqi
gardacvalebis,
gadadgomis an sxva iseTi mizezis gamo, romelic SeuZlebels xdis
kaTolikos-patriarqisaTvis
Tavis
movaleobis
Sesrulebas,
kaTolikospatriarqis mier dadgenili sapatriarqo taxtis mosaydre marTavs eklesias
axali kaTolikos-patriarqis arCevamde.
$5. im SemTxvevaSi, roca sapatriarqo taxtis mosaydre dadgenili ar aris,
qirotoniiT upiratesi mRvdelmTavari avtomaturad xdeba mosaydre.
$6. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis gardacvalebis Semdeg
qirotoniiT upiratesi mRvdelmTavari wm. sinodis wevrTa umravlesobis
TandaswrebiT xsnis kaTolikos-patriarqis mier datovebul anderZs da
acxadebs sapatriarqo taxtis mosaydris vinaobas.
$7. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikoz-patriarqis anderZiT dadgenili
sapatriarqo taxtis mosaydrisadmi kanonikuri morCileba saqarTvelos
eklesiis yoveli wevris movaleobaa.
$8. sapatriarqo taxtis daqvrivebidan 40 dRis Semdeg, magram ara ugvianes
ori Tvisa, sapatriarqo taxtis mosaydre iwvevs saqarTvelos eklesiis
gafarToebul krebas, romelzedac moxdeba sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqis arCeva.
$9. saqarTvelos eklesiis gafarToebuli krebis win mosaydre iwvevs wm.
sinods, sapatriarqo kandidatebis SesarCevad.
$10. wm. sinodi irCevs gafarToebul krebaze warsadgen 3 kandidats.

$11. wm. sinodis yvela wevrs aqvs ufleba warmoadginos erTi sapatriarqo
kandidati, maT Soris Tavisi Tavic.
$12. sami sapatriarqo kandidati, romlebic miiReben xmaTa umravlesobas,
kenWs iyrian gafarToebul krebaze, rogorc patriarqobis kandidatebi.
$13. gafarToebuli krebis yvela monawiles aqvs ufleba gamoTqvas azri
kandidatis Sesaxeb.
$14. kaTolikos-patriarqis arCevis kenWisyraSi monawileobas iReben
mxolod mRvdelmTavrebi.
$15. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqad arCeulad CaiTvleba is
kandidati, romelic miiRebs krebis monawile mRvdelmTavarTa xmebis
naxevarze mets.
$16. Tu verc erTi kandidati ver miiRebs xmaTa naxevarze mets, tardeba
xelmeore kenWisyra, romelSic monawileobas miiRebs is ori kandidati,
romelic pirvel kenWisyraSi miiRebs xmaTa umravlesobas.
$17.
sruliad
saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqis
aRsaydreba
(intronizacia) xdeba mcxeTis sveticxovlis wm. aTormet mociqulTa
saxelobis sapatriarqo taZarSi.
$18.
sruliad
saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqis
arCeva,
marTlmadidebluri tradiciis Tanaxmad, xdeba samudamod (kaTolikospatriarqis gardacvalebamde).
$19. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis sruli titulia:
uwmidesi da unetaresi, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi da
mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi didi meufe, mamai Cveni...
$20. yvela sasuliero piri movalea RvTismsaxurebis dros moixsenos
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis saxeli saqarTvelos eklesiis
iurisdiqciaSi Semaval yvela taZarSi, rogorc saqarTveloSi, aseve mis
sazRvrebs gareT, Semdegi formuliT: `uwmidesi da unetaresi, sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi da mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi didi
meufe, mamai Cveni (saxeli)~.
$21. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis pativis niSnebia:
Zowisferi mantia, Savi sapatriarqo kunkul-bartyuli jvriTa da frTebze
gamosaxuli serafimebiT, ori panaRia da jvari, didi paramani da jvris win
gaZRolis ufleba.
$22. sruliad saqarTvelos-kaTolikos patriarqs aqvs Tavisi tvifri da
beWedi.
$23. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi aris mcxeTa-Tbilisis
eparqiis mmarTveli mRvdelmTavari.
$24. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis uSualo iurisdiqciaSi
imyofebian rogorc Tbilisis sionis, mcxeTis sveticxovlis, gelaTis, moqvis
da gonios sakaTedro taZrebi, aseve yvela stavropigialuri monasteri.
$25. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi iwvevs da Tavmjdomareobs
saqarTvelos wm. sinods da gafarToebul krebas.
$26. krebaTa Soris periodSi saqarTvelos eklesiis umaRlesi saeklesio
xelisufali da mmarTveli aris sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi.
$27. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi Tavis moRvaweobas
axorcielebs Semdeg safuZvlebze:
1. wmida werili da saRmrTo gadmocema;

2. wmidaTa mociqulTa, wmidaTa msoflio da adgilobriv krebaTa da wmida

mamaTa kanonebi da wesdebebi;
3. saqarTvelos eklesiis adgilobriv krebaTa dadgenilebebi;
4. saqarTvelos avtokefaluri marTlmadidebeli eklesiis marTvagamgeobis debuleba, saqarTvelos konstitucia da Sesabamisi kanonebi.
$28. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi axorcielebs pirveli
instanciis
sasamarTlos
funqciebs
mcxeTa-Tbilisis
eparqiis
marTlmadidebeli qristianebisaTvis, xolo meore instanciis sasamarTlos
funqciebs saqarTvelos eklesiis danarCeni eparqiebis marTlmadidebeli
qristianebisaTvis, romelTac sakmarisi safuZveli aqvT gaasaCivron TavianTi
mmarTveli mRvdelmTavris ganaCeni.
$29.
sruliad
saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqi
uflebamosilia
mamamTavruli SeniSvna misces an saeklesio sasjeli Seufardos saqarTvelos
eklesiis
iurisdiqciaSi
Semaval
samRvdeloebas,
ber-monozvnebsa
da
eriskacebs da Seatyobinos amis Sesaxeb eparqiis mmarTvel mRvdelmTavars.
$30. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi:
1.
zrunavs
saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis
saeklesio
dadgenilebebis ganxorcielebisaTvis.
2.
zrunavs
saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis
ierarqiis
erTianobaze.
3. xels awers saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinodis dadgenilebebsa da
sxva saerTo-saeklesio dokumentebs.
4. urTierTobas amyarebs sxva avtokefaluri marTlmadidebeli eklesiis
saWeTmpyrobelebTan,
agreTve
sxva
aRmsareblobis
xelmZRvanelobasTan,
rogorc saqarTvelos avtokefaluri eklesiis saxeliT, aseve Tavisi piradi
saxeliTac.
5.
aris
saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis
sruluflebiani
warmomadgeneli saxelmwifos xelisuflebis winaSe.
6. axorcielebs umaRles zedamxedvelobasa da kontrols yvela saeklesio
saqmeze.
7. zrunavs Tavisufal samRvdelmTavro kaTedrebze, maT Sevsebaze.
8. zedamxedvelobs da xelmZRvanelobs axali mRvdelmTavris arCevas. sxva
mRvdelmTavarTan erTad axdens axali mRvdelmTavris xeldasxmas. aZlevs mas
`dadginebis sigels~.
9. zedamxedvelobas uwevs mRvdelmTavrebs saeparqio marTva-gamgeobaSi.
mwyemsmTavrulad mimoixilavs saqarTvelos eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi Semaval
eparqiebs.
10. saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi avalebs mRvdelmTavrebs, sxva kanonebiT
gaTvaliswinebuli
mizezebis
gamo,
Tavisufali
eparqiis
droebiT
mmarTvelobas.
11. aZlevs mRvdelmTavrebs Zmur rCevebsa da mwyemsmTavrul
SeniSvnebs,
rogorc
maTi
piradi
cxovrebis,
aseve
samRvdelmTavro
movaleobis
Sesrulebis Sesaxeb. maTi mxridan uyuradRebobis SemTxvevaSi mimarTavs
saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinods.
12. iRebs gansaxilvelad saqmeebs mRvdelmTavrebs Soris warmoSobili
gaugebrobebis
Sesaxeb.
sruliad
saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqis
gadawyvetileba orive mxarisaTvis savaldebuloa.
13. iRebs saCivrebs mRvdelmTavrebze da aZlevs maT kanonier msvlelobas.

14. nebarTvas aZlevs mRvdelmTavrebs samsaxurebrivi saqmeebis gamo

sazRvargareT gamgzavrebaze.
15. amtkicebs eparqiebis mmarTveli mRvdelmTavrebis yvela zogadsaeklesio
mniSvnelobis gadawyvetilebas.
16. aRyavs mRvdelmTavrebi dadgenil saeklesio wodebebSi da aZlevs maT
saeklesio jildoebs.
17. ganixilavs mRvdelmTavarTa angariSgebas eparqiis mdgomareobis
Sesaxeb, aZlevs maT Sefasebas da iRebs saWiro zomebs.
18. niSnavs revizias sxvadasxva saWiroebaTa da SemTxvevaTa gamo.
19 aqvs stavropigiebis daarsebis ufleba.
20.
amtkicebs,
xolo
gansakuTrebul
SemTxvevaSi
TviTon
niSnavs
monastrebis winamZRvrebs.
21.
zrunavs
marTlmadidebeli
RvTismetyvelebis
gavrcelebisaTvis,
zedamxedvelobs da xelmZRvanelobs qristianul swavla-ganaTlebas.
22. niSnavs da amtkicebs sasuliero saswavleblebis reqtorebsa da
proreqtorebs.
amtkicebs
samecniero-saRvTismetyvelo
wodebebisa
da
xarisxebis miniWebas, zedamxedvelobas uwevs saswavlo komitets.
23. zedamxedvelobs da xelmZRvanelobs qristianul ganaTlebas saero
saswavlo dawesebulebebSi.
24. eklesiis saWiroebisamebr niSnavs samRvdelo an saero pirebs
saqarTvelos sazRvrebs gareT samsaxurisaTvis.
25. samRvdelo da saero pirebs aniWebs dadgenil saeklesio jildoebs.
26. zrunavs wmida mironis droulad momzadebisaTvis da akurTxebs mas.
27. saqarTvelos sapatriarqosTan qmnis da auqmebs sameurneo-sawarmoo
ganyofilebebs, organizaciebsa da dawesebulebebs, romlebic saqmianobas
axorcieleben
TavianTi
wesdebebisa
da
saxelmwifos
Sesabamisi
kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad.
28. zrunavs wmindanTa saflavebis dacvisa da gamSvenebisaTvis.
29. zrunavs eklesiebis aRdgena-restavraciaze da axali taZrebis
mSeneblobaze.
Tavi V. sruliad saqarTvelos sapatriarqo $1. `sruliad saqarTvelos
sapatriarqo~ agreTve ewodeba im dawesebulebaTa erTobliobas, romlebic
uSualod sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs eqvemdebarebian.
$2. sruliad saqarTvelos sapatriarqo, misi ganyofilebebi da samsaxurebi
mowodebulni
arian
daexmaron
kaTolikos-patriarqs
aRmasrulebeli
xelisuflebis ganxorcielebaSi da angariSvaldebulni arian mis winaSe.
$3. sruliad saqarTvelos sapatriarqos ganyofilebebsa da samsaxurebs
qmnis, maT xelmZRvanelebs niSnavs da aTavisuflebs sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqi.
$4. sruliad saqarTvelos sapatriarqos ganyofilebebisa da samsaxurebis
moRvaweobas aregulireben Sesabamisi wesdebebi, romlebsac amtkicebs
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi.
$5. sruliad saqarTvelos sapatriarqos ganyofilebebi da samsaxurebi
arian zedamxedveli da makoordinirebeli organoebi eparqiebSi moqmedi
analogiuri dawesebulebebisa.
$6. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo, misi ganyofilebebi, dawesebulebebi,
eparqiebi,
samrevloebi,
monastrebi,
sasuliero
saswavleblebi
da

sazRvargareT myofi samrevloebi da dawesebulebebi sargebloben iuridiuli

piris uflebiT.
Tavi VI. eparqia $1. saqarTvelos eklesia iyofa eparqiebad, romlebsac
marTaven mRvdelmTavrebi. eparqia Sedgeba olqebSi (samTavarxucesoebSi)
gaerTianebuli samrevloebisagan da am eparqiis teritoriaze ganlagebuli
monastrebisagan.
$2. `eparqia~ ewodeba saqarTvelos eklesiis im nawils, romelsac
kanonikurad marTavs sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqisa da wm.
sinodis mier dadgenili eparqiis mRvdelmTavari.
$3. eparqiebis sazRvrebs saqarTvelos teritoriaze adgens saqarTvelos
marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis
wm.
sinodi
saxelmwifos
administraciulteritoriuli dayofis gaTvaliswinebiT. saqarTvelos sazRvrebs gareT
eparqiebis
sazRvrebi
dgindeba
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
wm.
sinodis
gadawyvetilebiT.
$4. yovel eparqiaSi arseboben saeparqio mmarTvelobis organoebi,
romlebic moqmedeben saeklesio kanonebiTa da saqaraTvelos avtokefaluri
marTlmadidebluri marTva-gamgeobis debulebiT.
$5. saeklesio saWiroebebisaTvis eparqiebSi SeiZleba Seiqmnas saTanado
dawesebulebani, romelTa moRvaweobac ganisazRvreba sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqis locva-kurTxeviT, saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinodis
dadgenilebiT.
$6. saqarTvelos eklesiis wm. sinods ufleba aqvs aRadginos Zveli da
gaxsnas axali eparqiebi, gaauqmos romelime arsebuli, Seucvalos dasaxeleba
da teritoriuli sazRvrebi.
Tavi VII. mRvdelmTavari $1. eparqiis mRvdelmTavari, wmida mociqulebidan
momdinare
uwyveti
ierarqiuli
xeldasxmis
madliT,
aris
eparqiis
saWeTmpyrobeli da misi kanonikuri mmarTveli.
$2. eparqiis mRvdelmTavris arCeva da dadgineba xdeba saqarTvelos
eklesiis wmida sinodis mier. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi
aZlevs eparqiis mRvdelmTavars `dadginebis sigels~.
$3. eparqiis mRvdelmTavrebi atareben wodebas, romelSic Sedis eparqiis
saxelwodeba. mRvdelmTavarTa wodebebi ganisazRvreba saqarTvelos eklesiis
wm. sinodis krebis mier.
$4. samRvdelmTavro kandidati unda akmayofilebdes Semdeg pirobebs:
1. asakiT unda iyos aranakleb ocdaTxuTmeti (35) wlisa.
2. unda gamoirCeodes sarwmunoebrivi da zneobrivi siwmindiT.
3. unda hqondes Sesaferisi saRvTismetyvelo da saero ganaTleba.
4. unda iyos beri.
$5. eparqiis mRvdelmTavars aqvs sarwmunoebrivi da zneobrivi swavlebis,
mRvdelmoqmedebisa da moZRvrebis sruli ierarqiuli uflebamosileba.
$6. eparqiis mRvdelmTavari sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqTan
SeTanxmebiT asrulebs sasuliero pirebis xeldasxmas, iZleva locvakurTxevas berad da monozvnad aRkvecaze da niSnavs maT msaxurebis
adgilebze, agreTve niSnavs eparqiis dawesebulebebis yvela TanamSromels.
$7.
eparqiis
mRvdelmTavars
ufleba
aqvs
kaTolikos-patriarqTan
SeTanxmebiT miiRos Tavis eparqiaSi samsaxurisaTvis sxva eparqiidan

gadmosuli sasuliero piri, Tu mas aqvs Tavisi episkoposisagan `gantevebis

sigeli~. agreTve mRvdelmTavars ufleba aqvs gauSvas Tavisi eparqiidan sxva
eparqiebSi sasuliero pirebi da misces maT `gantevebis sigelebi~.
$8. eparqiis mRvdelmTavari aris umaRlesi zedamxedveli eparqiaSi Semaval
monastrebze da dawesebulebebze, garda stavropigialurisa, romelic
uSualod kaTolikos-patriarqs eqvemdebareba.
$9. eparqiis mRvdelmTavris Tanxmobis gareSe saeparqio mmarTvelobis
organoebis verc erTi gadawyvetileba ver ganxorcieldeba.
$10. eparqiis mRvdelmTavars ufleba aqvs mimarTos eparqiis mrevls
samRvdelmTavro epistoleTi.
$11.
eparqiis
yvela
taZarSi
RvTismsaxurebis
dros
saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqis saxelis Semdeg aRevlineba eparqiis mRvdelmTavris
saxeli.
$12.
eparqiis
mRvdelmTavari
valdebulia
sruliad
saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqs warudginos dadgenili formiT yovelwliuri angariSi
eparqiis cxovrebisa da Tavisi moRvaweobis Sesaxeb.
$13. eparqiis mRvdelmTavari:
1. icavs sarwmunoebriv da zneobriv siwmindes.
2.
pasuxismgebelia
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
saeklesio
krebebis
dadgenilebebisa da sxva saeklesio wesdebebis Sesrulebaze Tavis eparqiaSi.
3.
zedamxedvelobs
saeklesio
wesrigs
da
RvTismsaxurebis
swor
aRsrulebas.
4.
saeklesio
kanonebis
Sesabamisad
mogzaurobs
Tavis
eparqiaSi,
mimoixilavs eparqiis samrevloebs da akontrolebs maT an uSualod, an Tavisi
uflebamosili warmomadgenlebis meSveobiT.
5. zedamxedvelobs eparqiis samRvdeloebis moRvaweobas.
6. aZlevs sasuliero pirebsa da momsaxure personals Svebulebas erTi
Tvis vadiT.
7. zrunavs sasuliero pirTa ganaTlebis donis asamaRleblad
8.
zedamxedvelobs
da
xelmZRvanelobs
samRvdelo
kandidatebis
saRvTismetyvelo momzadebas.
9. ebrZvis eparqiaSi gavrcelebul yvela borot da mwvaleblur swavlebas.
10.
zrunavs,
rom
samRvdeloebis
qadageba
Seesabamebodes
wmida
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis swavlebas.
11. zrunavs mrevlis sulieri da zneobrivi donis asamaRleblad.
12. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis winaSe Suamdgomlobs
Rirseuli sasuliero pirebisa da eriskacebis dasajildoeblad.
13. kaTolikos-patriarqTan SeTanxmebiT akurTxebs eparqiaSi Semaval
taZrebs da xels asxams sadiakvno da samRvdelo kandidatebs.
14. zrunavs mowyalebisa da qvelmoqmedebis saqmeebze.
15. aarsebs misiisa da evangelizaciis centrebsa da misionerul skolebs.
$14. eparqiis mRvdelmTavari valdebulia hqondes eparqiis sasuliero
pirTa sruli sia da monacemebi.
$15. eparqiis mRvdelmTavari valdebulia, mosTxovos eparqiaSi Semavali
monastrebis
winamZRvrebsa
da
olqebis
mTavarxucesebs
maTdami
daqvemdebarebuli monastrebisa da olqebSi moRvaweobis yovelwliuri
angariSi.

$16. eparqiis mRvdelmTavris nebarTvis gareSe eparqiaSi RvTismsaxurebis

aRsruleba aravis ar SeuZlia.
$17. eparqiis mRvdelmTavari aris eparqiaSi umaRlesi sasamarTlo
xelisufali. saeklesio kanonebis mixedviT mas ufleba aqvs:
1. mwyemsmTavruli SeniSvna misces sasuliero pirebs, gamoucxados maT
sayveduri, gadaayenos Tanamdebobidan, daados epitimia da aukrZalos
mRvdelmoqmedeba.
2. mwyemsmTavruli SeniSvna misces eriskacebs, daados epitimia da dasajos
isini uziareblobiT.
3. Seamsubuqos sasjeli.
4. saeklesio kanonebis Sesabamisad gadawyvitos saeklesio qorwinebisa da
ganqorwinebis sakiTxebi.
$18. eparqiis mRvdelmTavari valdebulia, RvTismsaxurebis dros aRavlinos
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis saxeli.
$19. eparqiis mRvdelmTavari valdebulia daemorCilos umaRles saeklesio
xelisuflebas (saqarTvelos eklesiis wm. sinods da kaTolikos-patriarqs),
Seatyobinos mas eparqiaSi yvela mniSvnelovani movlena da ar moimoqmedos
iseTi ram, rac mis uflebas aRemateba.
$20. eparqiis mRvdelmTavari valdebulia mudmivad imyofebodes Tavis
eparqiaSi. mas eparqiidan wasvla mxolod kaTolikos-patriarqis nebarTviT
SeuZlia.
$21. eparqiis mRvdelmTavars ar eqvemdebarebian eparqiis teritoriaze
ganlagebuli stavropigialuri monastrebi, saswavleblebi da dawesebulebani.
$22. eparqiis mRvdelmTavars ufleba aqvs sapatriarqosTan SeTanxmebiT
Seqmnas da daamtkicos saeklesio-saqvelmoqmedo sazogadoebani, samrevloebTan
arsebuli Zmobebi da maTi wesdebebi.
$23. eparqiis mRvdelmTavars unda hyavdes saeparqio sabWo da daniSnos misi
wevrebi da TanamSromlebi.
$24. eparqiis mRvdelmTavari aris Tavisi eparqiis saeklesio qonebis
umaRlesi zedamxedveli, da igi pasuxismgebelia am qonebaze wmida sinodisa da
kaTolikos-patriarqis winaSe.
$25. daqvrivebul eparqias droebiT marTavs kaTolikos-patriarqis mier
daniSnuli mRvdelmTavari. am dros ar tardeba araviTari RonisZiebani
saeparqio cxovrebis reorganizaciisaTvis da ar xdeba araviTari cvlilebani
wina mRvdelmTavris mmarTvelobis periodSi dawyebul samuSaoebSi.
$26. eparqiis daqvrivebisas saeparqio sabWo daluqavs saeparqio daxls da
yvela dawesebulebas; xolo saqarTvelos sapatriarqo gamoyofs komisias,
romelic revizias gaukeTebs eparqiis qonebas da Seadgens Sesabamis aqts
axlad daniSnuli mRvdelmTavrisaTvis gadasacemad.
$27. saqarTvelos eklesiis mRvdelmTavrebis xeldasxma sruldeba mcxeTis
sveticxovlis wmida aTormetTa mociqulTa saxelobis sapatriarqo taZarSi.
$28. eparqiis mRvdelmTavars aqvs Tavisi tvifri da beWedi.
$29. samocdaTxuTmeti (75) wlis asakis miRwevisas eparqiis mRvdelmTavari
valdebulia sTxovos kaTolikos-patriarqs pensiaSi gasvlis nebarTva.
$30. eparqiis mRvdelmTavars ufleba ara aqvs TviTneburad Sevides da
unebarTvod aRasrulos mRvdelmoqmedeba sxvis eparqiaSi.

Tavi VIII. saeparqio sabWo $1. saeparqio sabWo aris saTaTbiro,

kolegialuri organo, romelic eparqiis mRvdelmTavars exmareba eparqiis
mmarTvelobaSi da uSualod mas eqvemdebareba.
$2. saeparqio sabWos daniSnulebaa mRvdelmTavarTan erTad ganixilos
eparqiis mmarTvelobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi.
$3. saeparqio sabWos wevrebsa da mis TanamSromlebs niSnavs da
aTavisuflebs mmarTveli mRvdelmTavari.
$4. saeparqio sabWos Tavmjdomare aris eparqiis mmarTveli mRvdelmTavari.
$5. saeparqio sabWos wevrebi arian: mRvdelmTavari, oTxi sasuliero da
ori saero piri. isini unda gamoirCeodnen maRali zneobiT, sulierebiT,
Sesabamisi saRvTismetyvelo ganaTlebiT da cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebiT.
$6. saeparqio sabWos sxdomebi imarTeba regularulad, kvartalSi erTxel
da saWiroebisamebr.
$7. saeparqio sabWos hyavs Tavisi mdivani, romelsac niSnavs eparqiis
mRvdelmTavari sabWos wevrTagan. mdivani pasuxismgebelia sxdomebisaTvis
saWiro masalebis momzadebasa da saTanado oqmebisa da dokumentaciis
Sedgenaze.
$8. saeparqio sabWos sxdomebis oqmebze xels awers sabWos yvela wevri.
$9. mmarTveli mRvdelmTavari aris eparqiis umaRlesi sasamarTlo
xelisufali. saeparqio sabWo rCevebiTa da mosazrebebiT exmareba eparqiis
mRvdelmTavars sasamarTlo xelisuflebis ganxorcielebaSi.
$10. saeparqio sabWo saTanado ganxilvis Semdeg, saTaTbiro xmis uflebiT
warudgens
eparqiis
mRvdelmTavars
sasamarTlo
saqmes.
mmarTvel
mRvdelmTavars gamoaqvs ganaCeni, rogorc eparqiis umaRles sasamarTlo
xelisufals.
$11. saeparqio sabWos is wevri, romelsac raime piradi interesi akavSirebs
mocemul sasamarTlo saqmesTan, mis ganxilvaSi ar monawileobs.
$12. saeparqio sabWo kompetenturia ganixilos Semdegi saxis sasamarTlo
saqmeebi:
1. sasuliero pirTa da eriskacTa mier sarwmunoebisagan gandgoma;
2. maT mier saeklesio da zneobrivi kanonebis darRveva;
3. saeklesio qorwineba da ganqorwineba;
4. da sxva sakiTxebi, romlebic exebian saeklesio marTlwesrigs.
$13. saeparqio sabWos sasamarTlo saqmeebs ixilavs `saqarTvelos eklesiis
saeklesio sasamarTlos Sesaxeb wesdebis~ Sesabamisad.
Tavi IX. olqebi (samTavarxucesoebi) $1. saqarTvelos eklesiis eparqiebi
iyofa olqebad (samTavarxucesoebad).
$2. olqebis xelmZRvanelebi arian mTavarxucesebi, romlebsac niSnavs da
aTavisuflebs eparqiis mmarTveli mRvdelmTavari.
$3.
mTavarxucesi
aris
eparqiis
mRvdelmTavris
mier
daniSnuli
zedamxedveli, romlis movaleobaSi Sedis olqis farglebSi saeklesio
marTlwesrigis dacva.
$4. olqSi gaerTianebuli samrevloebis raodenobas gansazRvravs eparqiis
mmarTveli mRvdelmTavari.
$5. olqis mTavarxucess ufleba aqvs misdami daqvemdebarebul olqSi
moagvaros uTanxmoebebi sasuliero pirTa, eklesiis TanamSromelTa da
agreTve sasuliero pirTa da eklesiis TanamSromelTa Soris.

$6. olqis mTavarxucesi SeiZleba iyos saeparqio sabWos wevri.

$7. olqis mTavarxucesi yovel weliwads eparqiis mmarTvel mRvdelmTavars
warudgens angariSs dadgenili formiT olqis mdgomareobasa da Tavisi
moRvaweobis Sesaxeb.
$8. yovel olqSi samRvdeloeba Tavisi wridan irCevs moZRvarTmoZRvars,
romelsac amtkicebs eparqiis mRvdelmTavari.
$9. moZRvarTmoZRvars sasuliero pirebma regularulad unda Caabaron
aRsareba.
Tavi X. samrevlo $1. saqarTvelos eklesiis eparqiebi iyofa olqebad,
xolo olqebi samrevloebad.
$2. samrevlo es aris taZarTan gaerTianebuli marTlmadidebel
qristianTa sazogadoeba, romelic Sedgeba samRvdelo da saero pirTagan,
samrevlo es aris eparqiis nawili, romelic imyofeba eparqiis
mRvdelmTavris kanonikuri mmarTvelobis qveS.
$3. samrevlos xelmZRvanelobs eparqiis mRvdelmTavris mier daniSnuli
winamZRvari, romelsac marTa-gamgeobaSi samrevlo sabWo exmareba.
$4. axali samrevloebis daarseba an samrevlos gauqmeba xdeba eparqiis
mmarTveli mRvdelmTavris locva-kurTxeviT.
$5. samrevlos aucileblad unda hqondes erTi taZari an samlocvelo
saxli. samrevlo taZrebis, samlocvelo saxlebisa da saydrebis aSeneba,
gamSveneba da SekeTeba xdeba eparqiis mmarTveli mRvdelmTavris nebarTviT.
$6. samrevloSi samRvdelo pirs niSnavs da aTavisuflebs eparqiis
mmarTveli mRvdelmTavari.
$7. samrevlos samRvdelo piri _ winamZRvari
1. sasurvelia mudmivad cxovrebodes samrevlos teritoriaze; igi
valdebulia TviTneburad ar miatovos Tavisi mrevli, gansakuTrebiT maSin,
rodesac samrevloSi gavrcelebulia epidemia an sxva raime safrTxe emuqreba
mas.
2. mudmivad unda ataros sasuliero wodebis Sesabamisi samoseli.
3. ar unda iyos dakavebuli iseTi saqmeebiT, romlebic ar Seesabameba
sasuliero wodebas.
4. ar unda eswrebodes sasuliero wodebisaTvis Seuferebel gasarTob
sanaxaobebs.
5. mudam unda kiTxulobdes wmida werilsa da wm. mamaTa Sromebs,
ecnobodes saRvTismetyvelo literaturas, qadagebdes.
6.
saTanadod
unda
aRasrulos
saeklesio
RvTismsaxureba
da
mRvdelmoqmedeba.
7. unda izrunos taZarsa da saeklesio Senobis garemontebasa da
gamSvenebaze.
8. unda izrunos RvTismsaxurebisaTvis saWiro nivTebis SeZenaze, Senaxvasa
da dacvaze.
9. unda izrunos saeklesio disciplinasa da zneobaze, SeniSvnebi da
darigebebi misces damnaSaveebs.
10.
zustad
unda
Seasrulos
eparqiis
mmarTveli
mRvdelmTavris
gankargulebani da miTiTebani.
11. unda izrunos avadmyofobaze, qvriv-oblebsa da glaxakebze.

12. unda awarmoos saeklesio sabuTebi; weros samrevlo matiane, izrunos

arqivis Sevsebaze.
13. unda izrunos samrevlo biblioTekis mowyobaze.
14. yvela mniSvnelovani sakiTxis gadawyvetisas unda mimarTos eparqiis
mmarTvel mRvdelmTavars an olqis mTavarxucess.
15.
unda
ebrZolos
samrevloSi
gavrcelebul
crurwmenasa
da
mwvaleblobas.
16. zedamxedveloba unda gauwios saeklesio TanamSromlebis mier TavianTi
movaleobis saTanadod aRsrulebas.
17. unda izrunos saeklesio qonebaze, awarmoos sainventarizacio wigni.
igi pasuxismgebelia eparqiis mRvdelmTavris, kaTolikos-patriarqisa da wm.
sinodis winaSe saeklesio qonebaze.
18. unda moiwvios samrevlo sabWos sxdomebi TveSi erTxel.
19. unda moiwvios samrevlos kreba weliwadSi erTxel, romelsac TviTon
Tavmjdomareobs.
20. unda warudginos olqis mmarTvelsa da eparqiis mRvdelmTavars
yovelwliuri angariSi samrevlos mdgomareobisa da Tavisi moRvaweobis
Sesaxeb.
$8. samrevlos samRvdelo pirs - winamZRvars SeuZlia Svebuleba aiRos da
datovos Tavisi samrevlo erTi TviT, eparqiis mRvdelmTavris locvakurTxeviT.
$9. mrevlis yoveli wevri unda iyos marTlmadidebeli aRmsareblobis
piri, romelsac cocxali kavSiri aqvs Tavis samrevlo taZarTan.
$10. mrevlis yoveli wevri valdebulia daeswros RvTismsaxurebas,
regularulad Caabaros aRsareba da eziaros, daicvas saeklesio kanonebi,
iswrafodes sulier-zneobrivi srulyofisaken da iRvwodes samrevlos
keTildReobisaTvis.
$11. samrevlos krebis wevrebi arian am samrevlos wevri sasuliero da
saero pirebi.
$12. samrevlo kreba, erTi (1) wlis vadiT irCevs samrevlo sabWos wevrebs,
romlebsac amtkicebs eparqiis mmarTveli mRvdelmTavari.
$13. samrevlo sabWo Sedegeba eklesiaSi momsaxure yvela sasuliero da
sami saero pirisagan.
$14. samrevlo sabWos Tavmjdomare aris samrevlos winamZRvari.
$15. mRvdelmTavarTan SeTanxmebiT samrevlo sabWo saero pirTagan erTi
wlis vadiT niSnavs mnes, romelic aRricxavs eklesiis Semosaval-gasavals,
risTvisac iqmneba specialuri wigni. yovelTviurad samrevlo sabWo
akontrolebs samrevlos fulad da materialur saxsrebs. darRvevis
SemTxvevaSi damnaSaves winamZRvris wardginebiT mRvdelmTavari adebs sasjels
an aTavisuflebs mas.
$16. winamZRvris gardacvalebis an sxvagan gadayvanis SemTxvevaSi samrevlo
sabWo amowmebs samrevlos qonebas; aRwers da Seadgens Sesabamis aqts,
romelsac gadascems eparqiis mRvdelmTavarsa da mis mier daniSnul
winamZRvars.
$17.
samrevlo
sabWo
angariSvaldebulia
eparqiis
mmarTveli
mRvdelmTavris winaSe.

$18. yovel samrevlos ukavia gansazRvruli teritoria (qalaqebis

samrevloebis garda), romlis sazRvrebis Secvlis ufleba mxolod eparqiis
mmarTvel mRvdelmTavars aqvs.
$19. samrevlos gauqmebis SemTxvevaSi misi kuTvnili qoneba gadadis
eparqiis mflobelobaSi.
$20. samrevlos winamZRvars aqvs Sesabamisi tvifri da beWedi.
Tavi XI. monastrebi $1. monasteri aris savane, romelSic cxovrobs da
moRvaweobs berebis an monozvnebisagan Semdgari krebuli. am krebulis berebi
an monozvnebi gaerTianebulni arian upovrebis, uqorwineblobisa da
morCilebis aRTqmiT da Tavisi cxovreba miZRvnili aqvT ubiwoebisa da
locvisadmi.
$2. monastrebis daarsebis nebarTvas iZleva sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqi, an wm. sinodi eparqiis mmarTveli mRvdelmTavris
wardginebiT da kanonikuri proceduris dacviT.
$3.
sruliad
saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqs
aqvs
ufleba
stavropigialuri
monastrebis
daarsebisa
saqarTvelos
sapatriarqos
iurisdiqciaSi Semaval mTel teritoriaze.
$4. stavropigialuri monastrebi Sedian uSualod sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqis iurisdiqciaSi.
$5. eparqiis teritoriaze arsebuli sxva monastrebi eqvemdebarebian
mmarTveli mRvdelmTavris iurisdiqcias.
$6. monastrebi sargebloben iuridiuli piris uflebiT, aqvT beWedi da
tvifri.
$7. saqarTvelos eklesiis yvela monastris Sevseba xdeba mmarTveli
mRvdelmTavris locva-kurTxevis Tanaxmad marTlmadidebeli aRmsareblobis
pirebiT, romelTac bermonozvnuri cxovrebis survili aqvT.
$8. monastrebi Tavis moRvaweobas axorcieleben `saqarTvelos eklesiis
monastrebisa da ber-monozvnobis Sesaxeb debulebis~ Tanaxmad. yovel
monasters SeiZleba hqondes Tavisi specifikuri tibikoni, magram igi unda
Seesabamebodes `debulebas~ da damtkicebuli unda iyos kaTolikos-patriarqis
an wmida sinodis mier.
$9. monastrebs ufleba aqvT hqondeT metoqebi, romelTa daarsebis
nebarTvas iZleva kaTolikos-patriarqi an wm. sinodi. metoqi ewodeba taZars,
Tavisi kuTvnili Senoba-nagebobiT, romelic imyofeba monastris gamgeblobaSi,
magram mdebareobs mis sazRvrebs gareT (SesaZlebelia sxva eparqiis
teritoriaze). metoqis moRvaweoba regulirdeba `saqarTvelos eklesiis
monastrebisa da ber-monoznobis Sesaxeb debulebiT~, agreTve im monastris
tibikoniT, romlis kuTvnilebasac es metoqi warmoadgens. metoqi Sedis im
mRvdelmTavris
iurisdiuqciaSi,
romeli
eparqiis
teritoriazec
igi
mdebareobs.
Tavi XII. saeklesio finansebi da qoneba $1. saqarTvelos eklesia
uzrunvelyofs
Tavis
materialur
moTxovnilebebs
TviTdafinansebis
safuZvelze.
$2. misi finansebi iqmneba: morwmuneTa nebayoflobiTi SemowirulobiT,
saeklesio wesebis aRsrulebis SemowirulobiT, saeklesio sawarmoebis mier

gamoSvebuli
produqciis
realizaciiT
da
sxva
saeklesio-sameurneo
saqmianobiT.
$3. centraluri saeklesio biujeti sapatriarqoSi iqmneba eparqiebis,
stavropigialuri monastrebisa da sxva saeklesio-sameurneo dawesebulebebis
mier gadaricxuli fuladi saxsrebiT, romlis procentul raodenobas
gansazRvravs wm. sinodi.
$4. saerTo-saeklesio finansebis ganmkargavni arian sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqi da wmida sinodi.
$5. sapatriarqos ganyofilebebis dawesebulebebis dafinanseba xdeba
saerTo-saeklesio saxsrebidan, garda im ganyofilebebisa, romlebsac SeswevT
TviTdafinansebis unari.
$6. eparqiis biujeti iqmneba samrevloebis, monastrebisa da saeparqiosameurneo dawesebulebebis Semosavlidan wm. sinodis mier dadgenili
procentis gadaricxviT.
$7. saerTo-saeparqio fuladi saxsrebis ganmkargavi biujetis farglebSi
aris mmarTveli mRvdelmTavari, romelic awarmoebs saeklesio daniSnulebiT
gacemuli Tanxis aRricxvas.
$8. samrevloebis fuladi saxsrebi iqmneba: morwmuneTa nebayoflobiTi
Semowirulobebis
da
sapatriarqodan
gacemuli
sanTlis,
saeklesio
literaturis da sxva nivTiebis realizaciiT miRebuli Semosavlisagan.
$9. samrevlos fuladi saxsrebis ganmkargavi biujetis farglebSi aris
samrevlo winamZRvari da samrevlo sabWo.
$10. monastrebis fuladi saxsrebi iqmneba iseve, rogorc samrevloebisa.
maTi ganmkargavi biujetis farglebSi aris monastris winamZRvari.
$11. sasuliero saswavleblebis dafinanseba xdeba im eparqiis saerTosaeklesio fuladi saxsrebidan, sadac mdebareobs es saswavlebeli da
saswavleblis
daqvemdebarebaSi
myofi
sameurneo
dawesebulebebis
Semosavlidan.
$12. sasuliero saswavleblebis xarjTaRricxvas amticebs eparqiis
mRvdelmTavari sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqTan SeTanxmebiT.
$13. sasuliero saswavleblis fuladi saxsrebis ganmkargavi biujetis
farglebSi aris reqtori da pedsabWo.
$14. saeklesio Tanxebi inaxeba bankSi Sesabamisi saeklesio dawesebulebis
saxelze.
$15. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi da wmida sinodi axdenen
saerTo-saeklesio da saeparqio fuladi saxsrebisa da qonebis revizias. aseTi
reviziis ganxorcielebisaTvis maT mier iqmneba specialuri sinodaluri
komisia.
$16. saqarTvelos sapatriarqosa da stavropigialuri monastrebis fuladi
saxsrebisa da qonebis revizias axdens sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqis mier daniSnuli komisia.
$17. eparqiis samrevloebis, monastrebisa da dawesebulebebis fuladi
saxsrebisa da qonebis revizias axdens kaTolikos-patriarqis an eparqiis
mmarTveli mRvdelmTavris mier daniSnuli sarevizio komisia.
$18. saqarTvelos eklesiis eparqiebs, monastrebs, samrevloebs, saeklesio
dawesebulebebs,
sasuliero
saswavleblebs,
saeklesio-sameurneo
dawesebulebebs ufleba aqvT flobdnen uZrav-moZrav qonebas, miwis nakveTs,
aiRon arendiT, aaSenon da SeiZinon Senoba-nagebobebi da sxv. kaTolikos-

patriarqis kurTxeviT aqvT ufleba qadagebisaTvis isargeblon masobrivi

informaciis saSualebebiT da sxv.
$19. saeklesio qonebis marTva da gankargva xdeba saeklesio kanonebis,
saxelmwifoSi moqmedi kanonmdeblobis da `saqarTvelos avtokefaluri
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebis~ Tanaxmad.
$20. saqarTvelos sapatriarqosa da eparqiebis biujetSi Semosavlebidan
gadasaricx procents adgens saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinodi.
$21.
eparqiebis,
monastrebis,
samrevloebisa
da
sxva
saeklesio
dawesebulebebis fuladi saxsrebi mRvdelmTavrebisa da winamZRvrebis mier
mxolod saeklesio miznebisaTvis unda iqnes gamoyenebuli.
$22. eklesiaSi akrZalulia iseTi sanTlebisa, an sxva saeklesio nivTebis
gayidva,
romlebic
ar
aris
damzadebuli
sapatriarqos
sameurneo
dawesebulebebis mier.
$23. saqarTvelos eklesiis mTel kanonikur teritoriaze sanTlebis,
saeklesio literaturisa Tu sxva nivTebis realizacia xdeba sapatriarqos
mier dadgenili fasebis mixedviT.
Tavi XIII. sasuliero da saeklesio saswavleblebi $1. saqarTvelos
eklesiis sasuliero saswavleblebi warmoadgenen umaRles da saSualo
specialur saswavlo dawesebulebebs, romlebic amzadeben:
1. RvTismsaxurTa kadrebs saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiisaTvis.
2. samecniero da pedagogiur kadrebs saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis saWiroebisaTvis.
3. saRvTismetyvelo sagnebis kvalificiur pedagogiur kadrebs umaRlesi
da saSualo saero saswavleblebisaTvis.
$2. saqarTvelos eklesiis saeklesio saswavleblebi: gimnaziebi, liceumebi,
skolebi, sabavSvo baRebi da sxv. warmoadgenen saSualo da dawyebiT saswavlo
dawesebulebebs, romlebic emsaxurebian momavali Taobis marTlmadidebeli
sarwmunoebiT aRzrdas.
$3. sasuliero da saeklesio saswavleblebi eqvemdebarebian sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis umaRles mmarTvelobas.
$4. sasuliero da saeklesio saswavleblebi kanonikurad Sedian im
mmarTveli mRvdelmTavris iurisdiqciaSi, romlis eparqiis teritoriazec
isini arian ganlagebuli.
$5. sasuliero da saeklesio saswavleblebis daarseba da gauqmeba xdeba
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis brZanebiT.
$6. sasuliero da saeklesio saswavleblebis marTva da moRvaweoba xdeba
`saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sasuliero saswavleblebis Sesaxeb
debulebis~ safuZvelze.
$7. sasuliero da saeklesio saswavleblebisaTvis saswavlo programas
adgens sapatriarqosTan arsebuli saswavlo komiteti.
$8. sapatriarqosTan arsebuli saswavlo komiteti valdebulia Seamowmos
saswavlo procesis mimdinareoba sasuliero da saeklesio saswavleblebSi da
zedamxedveloba gauwios programebis ganxorcielebas.
Tavi XIV. sapensio anazRaurebis Sesaxeb $1. saqarTvelos eklesia
sasuliero pirebisa da TanamSromlebis sapensio anazRaurebas awarmoebs
`saeklesio pensiis Sesaxeb debulebis~ safuZvelze.

Tavi XV. `saqarTvelos avtokefaluri marTlmadidebeli eklesiis

marTva-gamgeobis
debulebaSi~
cvlilebebis
Setanis
Sesaxeb
$1.
`saqarTvelos avtokefaluri marTlmadidebeli eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis
debuleba~ ZalaSia saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis gafarToebuli
krebis mier misi miRebisTanave.
$2. adre arsebuli `debuleba saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis
Sesaxeb~ gauqmebulia.
$3. `saqarTvelos avtokefaluri marTlmadidebeli eklesiis marTvagamgeobis
debulebaSi~
cvlilebebis
Setanis
ufleba
aqvs
mxolod
saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinods.

gadmobeWdilia wignidan - `saqarTvelos avtokefaluri, marTlmadidebeli

eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debuleba~, mcxeTa, sveticxoveli, 1995
2002 wlis 17 oqtombris wmida sinodis dadgenilebiT zemoaRniSnul
eparqiebs daemata ramdenime axali eparqia da kanonizebul iqna axali
wmidanebi, maT Soris wmida kirion kaTalikosi, klarjeli mamebi, eqvTime
TayaiSvili da sxv.

daskvna
saeklesio samarTali saukuneTa manZilze Seiswavleba marTlmadidebel
msoflioSi, CvenSi is SedarebiT axali samecniero dargia, amitomac
Sesabamisad mniSvnelovania saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebis mier gamocemuli
samarTlis Zeglebis erTad Tavmoyra da maTi analizi. naSromSi `saqarTvelos
saeklesio krebebi~ gamovlenili, gaanalizebuli da Seswavlili iqna IV-XX
saukuneebSi Semdgari ramdenime aTeuli saeklesio kreba, isini daiyo
garkveuli sistemisa da qronologiis Sesabamisad. kerZod, calke jgufad
gamovyaviT krebebi, romelTac kanonSemoqmedebiTad iRvawes, aseve gaerTiandnen
krebebi, romelTac mimdinare sakiTxebi ganixiles, magram kanonebi ar
gamouciaT. Tavis mxriv, mimdinare saeklesio krebebi or jgufad gavyaviT,
pirvelSi moxvdnen krebebi, romelnic Sedgnen avtokefaliis gauqmebamde,
meoreSi ki avtokefaliis aRdgenidan dRemde. maT Soris, calke jgufis saxiT
movaTavseT is msoflio da saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis saeklesio krebebi,
romelTa
muSaobaSi
saqarTvelos
episkoposebma
miiRes
monawileoba.
Sesabamisad, naSromSi Sevida 15 sakanonmdeblo kreba, Semdgarni XII-XX

saukuneSi, 21 mimdinare kreba Semdgarni IV-XVIII saukuneebSi, XIX-XX

saukuneebSi Semdgari 50 mimdinare kreba, maT Soris, rogorc aRiniSna,
moTavsebulia 9 msoflio anda saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis saeklesio kreba,
romelTa muSaobaSic qarTvelma episkoposebma miiRes monawileoba.
saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebis SeswavliT kidev erTxel dadasturda,
rom saqarTvelos wmida eklesia uwyveti Tanamonawile iyo diadi msoflio
saeklesio cxovrebisa, amitomac SeZlo man wmida mamaTa azriT, sarwmunoebis
wmidad dacva mociqulTa droidan Cvens dromde. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo da
saeklesio samarTali imTaviTve civilizebuli msoflios samarTlis sferos
ganekuTvneboda.
radganac saqarTvelos adgilobrivi krebebis mier gamocemuli samarTali
mTlianad gamomdinareobs msoflio saeklesio krebebis samarTlidan, amitom
naSromis SesavalSi zogadad mimoxilulia msoflio da adgilobrivi krebebi,
maTi kanonebis cnobili komentarebi, agreTve marTlmadidebel msoflioSi
Sedgenili nomokanonebi da samarTlis sxva Zeglebi. naSromis erTi Tavi
mTlianad eZRvneba msoflio saeklesio samarTlis qarTuli Targmanis
problemebs.
CvenTvis gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania kvleva saqarTvelos saeklesio
samarTlis wyaroebisa. sazogadod, saeklesio samarTalmcodneebi samarTlis
wyaroebs yofen or jgufad, pirvelSi igulisxmeba pirebi da institutebi,
romelTac Seqmnes samarTlis normebi, meore ki warmoadgens dokumentebsa da
werilobiT Zeglebs, romlebSic gadmocemulia aRniSnuli normebi, es
ukanasknelni (dokumentebi da Zeglebi) TiTqmis sisruliT, qrestomaTiuli
saxiTaa warmodgenili mTel naSromSi Sesabamisi krebebis ganxilvisas.
CvenTvis sainteresoa iyo kvleva samarTlis wyaroebis pirveli jgufisa
gamovlena im institutebisa da pirebis, romelTac Seqmnes qarTuli saeklesio
samarTlis normebi. Tuki eklesia avtokefaluria, misi samarTlis erT-erTi
umTavresi wyaroa sakuTari krebebis mier miRebuli dadgenilebani, xolo Tu
ar aris avtokefaluri, maSin zemdgomi eklesiis dadgenilebani. am mxriv
CemTvis SeiZleba iTqvas sasiamovno aRmoCena iyo is, rom wyaroTa kvlevam,
kerZod krebaTa Seswavlam, mTlianad daadastura Zveli qarTuli saeklesio
istoriografiis
dabejiTebuli
mtkicebani
saeklesio
samarTlisaTvis
mniSvnelovani momentebisa, misi uZvelesi avtokefaliis, saqarTvelos eklesiis
iurisdiqciis sazRvrebis, saeklesio enis da sxvaTa Sesaxeb, romelnic
gamowvlilviT, xazgasmiTaa naSromSi ganxiluli epoqaTa Sesabamisad.
naSromis winamdebare nawilSi ganxilulia sakanonmdeblo krebebi
Semdgarni XII-XVIII saukuneebSi, mizezi amisa aris is, rom vinaidan Cvens mier
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria dayofilia sam umTavres periodad620. [I
periodi: uZvelesi xanidan (wm. andria pirvelwodebulidan da wmida ninodan)
ruis-urbnisis krebamde, II periodi: ruis-urbnisis krebidan avtokefaliis
gauqmebamde
(moicavs
XII-XVIII
saukuneebs),
III
periodi:
avtokefaliis
gauqmebidan dRemde (moicavs XIX-XX ss)], Sesabamisad sasurvelad miviCnieT
calke gamoyofa saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis II periodSi Semdgari
sakanonmdeblo krebebisa (I periodSi Semdgar sakanonmdeblo krebaTa Sesaxeb
cnobebi ar moipoveba, xolo III periodis sakanonmdeblo krebebi didi
moculobis gamo calke gamoicema)
saeklesio krebaTa analizi aCvenebs Semdegs:

IV-V saukuneebSi eklesia Zlier politikur da ideologiur gavlenas

axdenda mTel imdroindel sazogadoebriv urTierTobasa da yofacxovrebaze,
sazogadoebis msoflmxedveloba, kultura, zne-Cveuleba da samarTali
religiuri suliskveTebiT iyo gamsWvaluli.
VI
s-Si
sparseTis
agresiam
safuZveli
Seuryia
qarTul
saxelmwifoebriobas, xolo VII s-dan arab dampyrobTa mier Zveli qarTuli
samefo dinastiis (gorgaslis STamomavalTa) devna dasrulda am dinastiis
mospobiT.
Semdgom,
TandaTan
saqarTvelos
kuTxeebSi
Camoyalibda
adgilobrivi
saxelmwifoebrivi
erTeulebi
(igulisxmeba
`afxazTa~,
`qarTvelTa~, hereTis, taSir-Zorakertis samefoebi, kaxeTis saqorepiskoposo,
Tbilisis
saamiro).
yvela
am
erTeulis
mosaxleobis
umravlesobas
aerTianebda qarTuli eklesia, viTarca Tavis mrevls. VI s. Semdgom
samarTlebrivi saxiT Semdegi suraTi Camoyalibda: dapyrobaTa da xSir
ajanyebaTa, agreTve, Zvel politikur erTeulTa daSlisa da axalTa
warmoqmnis gamo, qveynis mTel sivrceSi warmoiqmna samarTlebrivi qaosi. Zveli
wesrigi moiSala, xolo axlis Camoyalibebas esaWiroeboda saukuneebi. aseTi
samarTlebrivi
qaosis
dros
qarTulma
eklesiam,
kerZod
ki
misma
saepiskoposoebma Tavisi mrevlis interesebidan gamomdinare SeZlo regionebsa
da kuTxeebSi gadaqceuliyo adgilobrivi kanonierebisa da wesierebis
(wesrigis) kerebad. amis Sedegad VI-IX saukuneebSi qarTulma eklesiam moipova
saxelmwifoebrivi sxeulis Tvisebebi. man SeZlo, rom mis (e.i. saeklesioadministraciul)
samarTals
daqvemdebareboda
regionebSi
erTmaneTTan
TiTqmis mudmivad mebrZoli saero xelisufalnic ki (naSromSi amis mravali
magaliTia moyvanili, am periodis samarTlis Zeglebidan Cans, rom saeklesio
samarTlis iurisdiqcia saero saqmeebzec vrceldeboda).
aseT viTarebaSi, eklesiam moipova didi avtoriteti da warmoadgenda did
Zalas mTeli qveynis cxovrebaSi. igi adgileblze upiratesobis mopovebas
cdilobda saeroze, mas xeli miuwvdeboda da SeeZlo zegavlena moexdina
saero-samoqalaqo samarTalze da saWiroebis dros qveynis (regionis)
mmarTvelobis sadaveebis aRebac SeeZlo Tavis xelSi. am mdgomareobam Tavisi
asaxva hpova samarTlis Zeglebze, rasac migviTiTebs, e.w. `bagrat kurapalatis
samarTali~, romelic IX s. samarTlis Zegladaa aRiarebuli. am samarTliT
`meore mefe episkoposi aris da qristianTa sjulisa damamtkicebeli~ (aRbuRas
samarTlis 101, 102, 103 muxlebi). iv. javaxiSvilis sityviT am epoqaSi
`samRvdeloeba saqarTveloSi sruli batoni iyo da saero mTavrobaze maRla
eWira Tavi~621. eklesiis am did Zalaze miuTiTebs saeklesio krebebic.
n. maris sityviT, `Zvel saqarTveloSi saero da sasuliero Zala-uflebis
erToba
warmoadgenda
udavo
faqts~.
bizantiaSi,
n.
maris
sityviT,
xatmebrZolobis epoqaSi umaRlesi saero moxeleebi da episkoposebi
emxrobodnen im Tvalsazriss,
rom imperators Tval-yuri edevnebina
eklesiisaTvis da waremarTa kidec misi saqmianoba, xolo meore mxares idgnen
marTlmadidebeli berebi da episkoposebi. saqarTveloSi gaimarjva am meore
mimarTulebam, aq eklesia Zlier Zalad grZnobda Tavs, ramac asaxva hpova
saeklesio krebaTa mier gamocemul ZeglebSi.
ruis-urbnisis krebam urTierToba moawesriga eklesiasa da saxelmwifos
Soris, kerZod maT Soris aRsdga is simfoniuri urTierToba, romelic
damaxiasiaTebeli iyo wm. mefe mirianisa da mefe vaxtang gorgaslis

epoqisaTvis. amas xeli Seuwyo saxelmwifos gaerTianebam, raSic eklesias

udidesi wvlili miuZRoda.
Cans, saero da sasuliero Zalauflebis simfoniuri Tavmoyra aRiarebuli
iqna ruis-urbnisis krebis mier. mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondidelis, viTarca
saxelmwifoSi mefis Semdeg meore saxelisuflo piris Tanamdebobis daweseba
am faqtis erTi niSania. saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebs iwvevda mefe, amave
dros, saxelmwifo darbazs, Cans imis gamo, rom igi Tavisi SemadgenlobiT
gamoxatavda urRvev kavSirs saxelmwifo da saeklesio xelisuflebas Soris,
ufleba eniWeboda ganexila saeklesio sakiTxebi da mieRo dadgenileba. amis
mizezi iyo is, rom darbazobisas `xelmwifis karze~ ikribeboda qveynis yvela
nawilis episkopati (`zemo~ da `qvemo mamulebidan~ anu aRmosavleT da
dasavleT saqarTvelodan), mniSvnelovani monastrebis winamZRvrebi da, cxadia,
saero xelisuflebis umaRlesi fena, romelic, Tavis mxriv, eklesiis mrevls
warmoadgenda. darbazobis umTavresi birTvi iyo `xelmwifis kari~. es iyo
saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis umaRlesi organo, romelic, Tavis mxriv, aseve
gamoxatavda mTlianobas saero da saeklesio xelisuflebisa, kerZod,
`xelmwifis kari~ Sedgeboda mefisa da oTxi didi berisagan. es `oTxi beri~
iyo:
qarTlisa
da
afxazeTis
kaTolikosebi,
mwignobarTuxucesi
e.i.
Wyondideli episkoposi da moZRvarT-moZRvari. am oTx bers (e.i. kaTolikosebs,
mwignobarTuxucessa
da
moZRvarT-moZRvars)
gansakuTrebuli
uflebamovaleobani hqondaT saqveyno da saeklesio marTvis saqmeSi, kerZod isini
eklesiis mmarTvelebi iyvnen, romelnic `darbazis kars~ - saxelmwifo
sammarTvelo organos qmnidnen. amiT unda yofiliyo gamowveuli mematianis
mtkiceba `darbazis karidan~ saeklesio wesebis gamocemebis Sesaxeb `monasterni da saepiskoposoni da yovelni eklesiani wessa da rigsa
locvisasa da yovlisa saeklesiosa gangebisasa darbazis kariT miiRebdian,
viTarca kanonsa ucdomelsa da yovlad Sueniersa da dawyobilsa,
keTilwesierebasa locvisa da marxvisasa~622. imaves adasturebs `xelmwifis
karis garigebac~623. amave mizeziTve unda yofiliyo gamowveuli is, rom
saxelmwifo darbazi, romlis Semadgenlobac zemoT vaxseneT, saeklesio
sakiTxebis ganxilvis dros faqtiurad gadaiqceoda xolme saeklesio krebad,
mas, rogorc aRiniSna, eswrebodnen mefe, kaTolikosebi, umaRlesi sasuliero
xelisufalni, qveynis orive nawilis episkoposebi, monastrebis winamZRvrebi
da maTi mrevli _ saero xelisufleba da darbaiselni. amaT gamoixateboda
saero da saeklesio xelisuflebis erTiani Zalauflebrivi mmarTveloba
saerTo centridan, rac gamoxatavda simfoniur urTierTobas qarTul
saxelmwifosa da eklesias Soris.
rogorc aRiniSna, Cvens mier saeklesio krebebi dayofili iqna or ZiriTad
jgufad, esenia sakanonmdeblo da mimdinare krebebi. winamdebare naSromSi
gaanalizebulia XII-XVIII saukuneebSi Semdgari 10 sakanonmdeblo kreba:
1. ruis-urbnisis saeklesio kreba, Semdgari 1103 (1104) wels, romlis
gamocemuli samarTali dayofilia kanonebad. krebis `Zegliswera~ ZiriTadad
gadmoscems macxovris qveynad mosvlis mizezebsa da mniSvnelobas, Tu rogor
`mogveca pirvelad bunebiTi da merme dawerili rjuli~, aRwers, Tu ra didi
mniSvneloba aqvs `qristesmoyvare eris sasuliero dasTan erTxmobas~, rom
`amisaTvis iqmna qristesmoyvare da RvTivdaculi mefeebis mier RvTismoyvare
episkoposebisa da RvTis-saTnomyofeli mamebis krebebis mowveva drodadro,

rom saqmiT srulyofili sarwmunoebiT RmerTTan SeaerTon qristianebi~,

krebas udidesi mniSvneloba hqonda eklesiisa da saxelmwifos Semdgomi
gaZlierebisaTvis.
2. sakanondmeblo kreba mowveuli mefe giorgi brwyinvales mier (1335).
krebaSi monawileobda saqarTvelos patriarqi (`wmida meufe qarTlis
kaTalikosi evfTvime~) da episkopati. isini, saero xelisuflebis pirvel
pirebTan erTad sakanonmdeblo muSaobas warmarTavdnen imJamindeli wesis
Tanaxmad, amitomac Tumca krebis mier gamocemuli kanonebi ZiriTadad
samoqalaqo `msoflio~ samarTlis sferos ganekuTvneba, magram TviT krebis
gansazRvrebiT maTSi gadmocemulia `sasjulo saqme da saeklesio, risic
ginda sasaqmosa-kacis mkvlelTa, eklesiis mkrexelTa, colis gamgdebelTa anu
warmgvrelTa~. maT saeklesio samarTlis sferos akuTvnebdnen. krebis `Zeglis
dadeba~ Sedgeba Sesavlisa da 46 muxlisagan, maT Soris ramdenime saeklesioa.
kreba saxelmwifo darbazis sxdomas warmoadgenda.
3. Wulevis sakanonmeblo kreba (1381-1386). krebam ganixila da uklebliv
daamtkica iqamde 70-80 wliT adre Sedgenili beqa mandaturTuxucesis
samarTali,
romelsac
daurTo
33
muxli,
romelic
aRbuRa
aTabagamirspasalaris samarTlis saxeliTaa amJamad cnobili. amasTanave krebam
aRniSnul (beqasa da aRbuRas) kanonebs daurTo ZvelTaganve arsebuli e.w.
`bagrat kurapalatis samarTalis~ muxlebi. sabolood ki krebam aRniSnul
samarTalis wignebs daurTo Tavis, TviT Wulevis saeklesio krebis mierve
Sedgenili e.w. kanonikuri samarTlis 10 muxli. amiT WulevSi Sedgenili iqna
samarTlis axali krebuli, romelic sul 170 muxlisagan Sedgeboda (krebuli
muxlebad Semdeg iqna dayofili). Wulevis krebasac saxelmwifo (samTavros)
darbazis sxdomas warmoadgenda. aqamde miiCneoda, rom `beqa-aRbuRas
samarTlis~ cnobil krebuls saboloo saxe mieca XVII-XVIII ss-Si, Cveni
kvlevis Tanaxmad es samuSao Seasrula Wulevis krebam.
4. daaxloebiT 1470-1474 wlebSi Sedga e.w. `caiS-bediis saeklesio kreba~,
romlis iniciatorma antioqiis patriarqma gamosca `mcneba sasjulo~.
aRniSnul wlebSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi Casul antioqiis patriarqs
mixeils ucdia `qarTveli eris saukeTeso SvilTa mier saukuneTa brZoliT
monapovari qarTuli eklesiis Tavisuflebis mospoba~, magram rogorc
garkveulia, man es ver SeZlo. mis mier gamocemuli samarTali CamoTvlis
ZiriTadad xalxis zneobrivi dacemis aRmofxvrisaTvis saWiro RonisZiebebs da
Seicavs 43 muxls.
5. daaxloebiT 1543-1549 wlebSi, rogorc Cans, biWvinTaSi Sedga saeklesio
kreba, romelmac gamosca `kaTalikosTa samarTali~. es samarTali asaxavs
maSindeli yofacxovrebis sinamdviles. mimarTulia `kacis syidvis~, saeklesio
qonebis gamtacebelTa, saeklesio kanonebisa da qristianuli zneobis
damrRvevTa winaaRmdeg, udgens normebs episkoposebs, samarTals uCens mefisa
da qveynis moRalateebs. kaTalikosTa samarTali mTel saqarTveloSi moqmedi
sjuli iyo. Seicavs 22 muxls. krebaSi dasavleT saqarTvelos episkoposebTan
erTad monawileoda saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi malaqia da afxazeTis
kaTalikosi evdemoni.
6. 1702 wlis saeklesio krebis `ganCineba samonastro wesis Taobaze~
marTalia
konkretulad
daviT-garejis
samonastro
cxovrebis
mosawesrigeblad gamoica, magram zogadeklesiuri mniSvneloba hqonda
saqarTvelos monastrebisaTvis. Seicavs sul 6 muxls.

7.
vaxtang
VI-m
`igulismodgina
da
Semokribna
yovelni
wignni
samarTlisani, romelni JamTa viTarebiTa mimodabneuli iyo. es yoveli moiZia,
ipova da moiSova friadiTa SromiTa~. vaxtang VI-m Seqmna samarTlis wignTa
cnobili krebuli da Tavisi SemoqmedebiTi namuSavevi daamtkicebina krebas,
romelic Sedgeboda kaTalikosisa da episkoposebisagan. umaRles sasuliero
ierarqiasTan
erTad
krebas,
viTarca
saxelmwifo
darbazis
sxdomas,
eswrebodnen didebulni da darbaiselni. vaxtangs 1706-1709 wlebSi Semdgari
krebis `damowmeba da nebadarTva~ esaWiroeboda, raTa misi `samarTali~
qveyanaSi amoqmedebuliyo. samarTlis im muxlebs, romelTac eklesiisaTvis
mniSvneloba hqonda Tan vurTavT aRniSnul krebas.
8. mahmadianTa mmarTvelobisas 1632-1744 wlebSi, aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi
socialurad da ekonomikurad dauZlurda qarTuli eklesia da sazogadod
Seirya qristianuli zneobriobis siwminde, amitomac samefo taxtze Teimuraz
pirvelis, viTarca qristiani mefis, asvlis Semdeg marTlmadidebelma eklesiam
aRidgina Tavisi uflebebi. saqmis swrafi gamosworebis mizniT kaTalikosi
anton I ramdenime weli amzadebda da 1748 wels moiwvia kreba, romelsac Cven
`Tbilisis III saeklesio kreba~ vuwodeT (Tbilisis I da II krebebi Sedga XII
saukuneSi da maT kanonebi ar gamouciaT). 1748 wels krebam gamosca samarTlis
Zegli, romelsac `kanonni~ uwoda. iyofa 27 muxlad.
9. 1759 wels imereTis mefe solomon I-ma moiwvia saeklesio kreba, romelic
saxelmwifo darbazis sxdomas warmoadgenda, masSi eklesiis umaRles
ierarqTa da episkoposebTan erTad monawileobda dasavleT saqarTvelos mefemTavrebi da didebulebi. krebam akrZala tyveTa syidva, aRadgina saepiskoposo
kaTedrebi, daubruna eklesias iqamde mitacebuli mamulebi, gadasaxadisagan
gaaTavisufla saeklesio ymebi, aukrZala saero xelisufalT saeklesio
mflobelobaSi Careva. gamosca `xeliTwerili~, romelic umkacresad krZalavs
tyveTa syidvas, Seicavs mowodebas mahmadiani agresorebis winaaRmdeg
brZolisaken, avaldebulebs Tavis moqalaqeebs saTanado pativi miagon
`sarwmunoebasa da mefis erTgulebisaTvis Tavdadebuls~.
10. XVIII s. II naxevarSi erovnul-qristianuli saxelmwi-foebriobis
aRdgenis
Semdeg
saeklesio
krebebma
kvlav
daibrunes
mahmadianTa
mmarTvelobis dros dakninebuli uflebani da gamosces Sesabamisi zneobrivi
saxis dadgenilebani. 1762 wels gamoica `dadgenilebani saeklesio krebisa
saepiskoposoTa marTvis Sesaxeb~, 1768 wels gamoica mefe erekle II-isa da
anton I-is `gansazRvreba~ episkoposTa mimarT: `mcneba mRvdelTaTvis~, Seicavs
35 muxls, 1777 wels afxazeTis kaTalikosma maqsimem gamosca miTiTeba Tavis
samwysos mimarT, romelic Seicavs 10 muxls, 1793 wels gamoica `kanonTa
ganmweseba codvilTaTvis anton II-is mier~, Seicavs 10 muxls.
10-15. naSromSi ganxilulia saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis
Semdeg Semdgari sakanonmdeblo krebaTa mier gamocemuli marTva-gamgeobis
debulebani~ (1917, 1920, 1927, 1937(1945), 1995 wlebisa, mocemulia debulebaTa
sruli teqstebi).
am
droisaTvis
saqarTvelos
dakarguli
hqonda
damoukidebloba,
saxelmwifo
wyobileba
aTeisturi
mimarTulebisa
iyo,
eklesia
saxelmwifosagan kanonmdeblobiT iyo gamoyofili, xolo skola eklesiisagan.
marTlac XX s-Si Semdgari yvela sakanonmdeblo kreba aCvenebs, rom
saqarTvelos eklesias am periodSi ukve mTlianad aqvs dakarguli
saxelmwifoebrivi sxeulis niSan-Tvisebani, misi samarTali mTlianadaa

mowyvetili saxelmwifo samarTlisagan, Tuki Zvel saqarTveloSi (XIX s-mde)

saeklesio
samarTlis
iurisdiqcia
garkveulwilad
saero
saqmeebzec
vrceldeboda, axla aRniSnul debulebebSi amis niSan-wyalic ar arsebobs,
misi samarTali ukve kerZo, ganyenebuli, sazogadoebisagan mowyvetili
organizaciis samarTals ufro emsgavseba, romelic mxolod Sinagani weswyobilebis mogvarebiTaa dakavebuli da ara mTeli qveynisa da eris
samarTlisa. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom aRniSnul periodSi saqarTveloSi sul
50-mde eklesia moqmedebda da eklesias erisagan uZvelesi saxelmwifo sistema
hyofda, XX s-Si Seqmnili viTareba gasagebi xdeba. rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, am
mxriv sul sxvagvaria IV-XVIII saukuneTa samarTali.
ZiriTadi daskvna.
mZime sagareo da saSinao viTarebiT gamowveul danaSaulTa sixSirisa da
siRrmis gamo, romelTa aRmosafxvrelad sakmarisi ar iyo saero xelisufalTa
(mefisa da erisTavTa) Zalaufleba, saWiro gaxda eklesiis avtoriteti da misi
qmediTi Careva, ramac asaxva hpova samarTlis ZeglebSi. saxelmwifoSi
eklesiis rolis amaRlebis gamo saero samarTlisa da samoqalaqo cxovrebis
mTeli rigi sakiTxebi kanonikuri samarTlis normebiT wesrigdeboda da
saeklesio sasamarTloebis kompetencias Seadgenda.
(mTel qveyanaSi kaTalikosisa da regionebSi episkoposebis iurisdiqciis
Sesaxeb migviTiTebs mawyvereli episkoposis magaliTi: awyuris episkoposis
sasamarTlos eqvemdebareboda mTeli rigi mniSvnelovani sisxlisa da
samoqalaqo samarTlis saqmeebi, igi, aTabagTan erTad, axorcielebda umaRles
sasamarTlo xelisuflebas, mis kompetenciaSi Sedioda mZime saxelmwifo
danaSauli. aTabagisa da mawyverelis sasamarTlo xelisufleba SeerTebuli
iyo da mas sisxlis samarTlis dargSi Sereuli xasiaTi hqonda, amasTanave
eklesia awesrigebda samoqalaqo, saojaxo da memkvidreobiT urTierTobebsac).
saqarTvelos eklesiam Tavidanve SeiZina saxelmwifoebrivi sxeulis niSanTvisebani, amitomac misi samarTlebrivi mxare saxelmwifo samarTalTan iyo
dakavSirebuli da zogierT periodSi saeklesio samarTlis iurisdiqcia
saero saqmeebzec vrceldeboda. rogorc wesi, (garda ramdenime mniSvnelovani
gamonaklisisa) saqarTveloSi saeklesio krebas warmoadgenda saxelmwifo
darbazis sxdoma. kerZod, saeklesio sakiTxebis garCevis anda ganxilvis dros
saxelmwifo darbazi gardaiqmneboda saeklesio krebad. amis uflebas iZleoda
is garemoeba, rom saxelmwifo darbazis meTaurebi iyvnen saxelmwifos
upirvelesi
pirebi:
ori
kaTalikosi
(e.i.
qarTlisa
da
afxazeTis
kaTalikosebi), mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondideli da moZRvarT-moZRvari, xolo
darbaiselTa Soris mniSvnelovan nawils warmoadgendnen episkoposebi da
sasuliero pirebi. krebas am SemadgenlobiT (e.i. sasuliero da saero pirebis
monawileobiT) ufleba eniWeba mefis TanamonawileobiT an brZanebiT
saeklesio sakiTxebis gadaWrisa. e.i. saTanado SemTxvevebSi darbazis kari
viTarca saeklesio kreba iRebda da scemda Sesabamis kanonebsa da
dadgenilebebs, romelic ara mxolod saeklesio, aramed saero samarTlis
sferos ganekuTvneboda da gamoxatavda saero da sasuliero Zalauflebis
erTobas.



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1937, (1945), 1995 ..).
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, .. ( ), ,
,
, .

METROPOLIT ANANIA JAPARIDZE

CHURCH SYNODS IN GEORGIA
Basic Conclusion
Due to a frequency and a depth of crimes caused by heavy foreign and internal circumstances, for
rooting out of which the state power (i.e. the powers of the King and of the nobility) seemed to be
insufficient, to exercise the Churchs authority and its effective involvement has become necessary,
that was reflected in the juristic science. Owing to an increased role of the Church in the States affairs
number of issues related to the State Law and the everyday civilian life were regulated by norms of the
canonic law, within the limits of competence of the Church Courts.
(To make a clear idea about the powers of the Catholicos throughout the country and of the
bishops in the region we may consider an example of the Atskuri Bishop: A large number of important
criminal and civil cases were subordinated to the competence of the Court of the Atskuri Bishop, who
had exercised the supreme legal powers together with Atabagi. His limits of authority covered also the
major state crimes. The powers of Atabagi and of the Atskuri Bishop were integrated and had a
certainly mixed nature as regards to the criminal cases. At the same time the Church regulated the civil,
family and heritage-related matters).
The Georgian Church from the very beginning obtained the features of a state establishment.
Therefore, its legal aspects were closely connected with the State Law. As a rule (not taking into
account some major exceptions), the Church Synod (Council) in Georgia represented a State Darbazi
(The State Council Sitting). For instance, while considering or discussing on the church-related matters,
the State Darbazi was transforming into the Church Synod. This was promoted by the fact that the
leaders of the State Darbazi the clergy were the top officials of the State: two catholicoses:
Catholicos of Kartli and Catholicos of Abkhazeti, Mtsignobartukhutsesi-Tchkondideli and head of
Bishops, while the significant part of the Darbazi members were the bishops and the other priest. The
Synod of such the membership (with participation of both civil and church officials) was empowered
(with a participation or by an order of the King) to resolve the church related matters, i.e. the Darbazi
as the Church Synod adopted and issued the Church Laws and Orders, belonging not only to the
Church sphere, but to the Civil Law, too and expressing the integrity of the State and Church Powers.
Sinaarsi
saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebi IV-XVIII saukuneebSi
5
1. Sesavali, gamokvlevis sagani, problemis Seswavlis mdgomareoba, sakiTxis
istoriografia
5

nawili I. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi

Tavi I
89
1. msoflio saeklesio krebebi da maTi kanonebi
91
2. adgilobrivi krebebis kanonebi
96
3. wmida mamaTa kanonebi
96
4. kanonikuri krebulebi
98
5. nomokanonebi
100
6. kanonTa ganmartebani, aristine, zonara, balsamoni

88

101

Tavi II
103
1. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebis pirveli
qarTuli Targmanebi
103
2. sakanonmdeblo Zeglebis Targmanebi VI-VII
saukuneebSi
106
3. sakanonmdeblo Zeglebis Targmanebi VIII-IX
saukuneebSi
108
4. sakanonmdeblo Zeglebis Targmanebi X-XI
saukuneebSi
110
5. wm. fotis nomokanonis anu didi sjuliskanonis
qarTuli Targmanebi
116
6. saeklesio samarTlis Zeglebis Targmanebi
XVIII saukunis I naxevarSi
119
7. saeklesio samarTlis Zeglebis Targmanebi
XX s. II naxevarSi
124
Tavi III
126
1. saqarTvelos saeklesio samarTlis
wyaroebi I-V ss-Si
126
2. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi dvinis krebidan
ruis-urbnisis krebamde (VI-XI)
174
3. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi ruis-urbnisis
krebis Semdeg (XII-XVIII)
190
4. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis gauqmebis
periodebSi
197
5. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi XVIII s.
II naxevarSi
203
6. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi avtokefaliis
gauqmebisas
204
7. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi avtokefaliis
aRdgenis Semdeg
210
nawili II
Tavi I. saqarTvelos eklesiis sakanonmdeblo krebebi
1. ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebis `Zegliswera~ 214
ruis-urbnisis krebis kanonebi [teqsti]
222
2. sakanonmdeblo kreba giorgi brwyinvales

213

3.

4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

dros (1335)
241
`Zeglis dadeba~ [amokrebili muxlebi]
243
Wulevis sakanonmdeblo krebis `kanonikuri
samarTali~ (1381-1386)
245
[teqsti, amokrebili muxlebi]
caiS-bediis Sekrebis `mcneba sasjulo~ (1470-1474)
256
[sruli teqsti]
biWvinTis saeklesio krebis (1543-1549) samarTali
276
[samarTali kaTalikosTa sruli teqsti]
daviT-garejas saeklesio krebis `ganCineba~ (1702)
285
[teqsti]
sakanonmdeblo Sekrebani vaxtang VI-is karze
290
[samarTali batoniSvilis vaxtangisa, amokrebili muxlebi]
Tbilisis III saeklesio krebis `kanonni~ (1748) 310
[sruli teqsti]
imereTis saeklesio krebis `xeliTwerili~ (1759)
322
[teqstis aRdgenili nawili]
1762, 1768, 1793 ww. krebaTa dadgenilebani
saepiskoposoTa marTvis Sesaxeb, mcnebani
episkoposTa da mRvdelTa mimarT
327
[teqstebi]

11. saqarTvelos I saeklesio krebis (9-17.09.1917) mier gamocemuli `debuleba~

339
[`saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeoba,
debuleba, teqsti]
12. saqarTvelos II saeklesio krebis (27.06.1920) mier gamocemuli `debuleba~
353
[`saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeoba,
debuleba, teqsti]
13. saqarTvelos IV saeklesio krebis (21-27.06.1927) mier gamocemuli `debuleba~
368
[`saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeoba,
debuleba, teqsti]
14. saqarTvelos VIII saeklesio krebis saxeliT (1937) gamocemuli `debuleba~
381
[`saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeoba,
debuleba, teqsti]
15. saqarTvelos eklesiis XIII gafarToebuli krebis
mier gamocemuli `debuleba~, (18-19.09.1995)
390
[`saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeoba,
debuleba, teqsti]
daskvna

410
421

METROPOLITAN ANANIA JAPARIDZE

CHURCH SYNODS IN GEORGIA
BASIC CONCLUSION

426

saqarTvelos sapatriarqos manglis-walkis eparqia

saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis Teologiis kaTedra

saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebis I tomis dasasruli

mitropoliti anania jafariZe

saqarTvelos
saeklesio
krebebi

II
Tbilisi
2003
mitropoliti anania jafariZe
saqarTvelos eklesiis mimdinare
krebebi (IV-XVIII ss)
msoflio saeklesio krebebi qarTvel episkoposTa monawileobiT
Tbilisi
2003
naSromSi ganxilulia werilobiT ZeglebSi gamovlenili IV-XVIII
saukuneebSi Semdgari 21 mimdinare saeklesio kreba da agreTve msoflio
saeklesio krebebi qarTvel episkoposTa monawile-obiT. pirvelad xdeba
erTad
Sekreba
da
gaanalizeba
eklesiis
istoriis
Sesaswavlad
umniSvnelovanesi krebebisa, romlebzec suliwmidis madliT aRWurvili
wmida mamebi saqveyno
da saeklesio samarTals gadmocemdnen. naSromis
zogierT paragrafs Tan erTvis Sesabamisi krebebis mier gamocemuli
samarTlis aqtebi.
naSromi
gankuTvnilia
specialistebisa
da
farTo
mkiTxveli
sazogadoebisaTvis.
redaqtori: lia SarvaSiZe
recenzentebi:

istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori

giuli alasania
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori

sergo vardosaniZe
anania jafariZe, 2003

Sesavali
saqarTvelos wmida eklesia aTaswleulTa manZilze uwyveti Tanamonawilea
msoflio saeklesio cxovrebisa, amitomac odiTganve misTvis savaldebulo
iyo aRsruleba msoflio saeklesio, adgilobrivi krebebis da wmida mamaTa
mier SemuSavebuli sayovelTao saeklesio kanonebisa.
kanonikuri samarTali ZvelTaganve moiTxovda weliwadSi ramdenime
saeklesio krebis mowvevas, Sesabamisad IV s-dan Cvens dromde (TiTqmis 1600
wlis manZilze) saqarTveloSi aTasobiT saeklesio kreba unda yofiliyo
mowveuli. samwuxarod, aseTi didi odenobis miuxedavad, aqamde sul ramdenime
kreba iyo gamovlenili da Seswavlili. mizezi amisa ara marto isaa, rom
saeklesio samarTlis mecnierul Seswavlas saqarTveloSi mxolod XIX s.
bolosa da XX s. dasawyosSi Caeyara safuZveli, romelic maleve Seaferxa
aTeisturma reJimma, aramed agreTve isic, rom miuxedavad mowveul krebaTa
siWarbisa, maT Sesaxeb pirdapiri cnobebi metad mcire raodenobiT SemorCa,
ZiriTadad `sjuldebis wignebSi~, tipikonebSi, saeklesio da samonastro
krebulTa ganCinebebSi, `dawerilebSi~, sigel-gujrebsa da sxva saeklesio
samarTlis aqtebSi, romelnic iv. javaxiSvilis SefasebiT Tumca moqmedi
saeklesio samarTlis piruTvnel sabuTebs warmoadgenen, magram maTSi kvlevis
Sesabamisi masalis moZieba did SromasTanaa dakavSirebuli.
Cvens mier gamovlenili iqna IV-XX saukuneebSi Semdgari 100-mde saeklesio
kreba, maT Soris 15 sakanonmdeblo, IV-XVIII saukuneebSi Semdgari 21 da XIXXX ss-Si Semdgari 50-mde mimdinare saeklesio kreba, maT garda 9 msoflio da
saerTaSoriso
mniSvnelobis
kreba,
romelTa
muSaobaSic
qarTveli
episkoposebi monawileobdnen.
sazogadod, saeklesio krebebs yofen or ZiriTad jgufad, pirvelia is
krebebi, romelTac kanonSemoqmedebiTad iRvawes da Sesabamisi saeklesio
samarTlis Zeglebic gamosces, meorea mimdinare saeklesio krebebi, romelnic
Seikribnen mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis gadasaWrelad, magram kanonebi ar
gamouciaT.
Cven calke wignad gamovyaviT `saqarTvelos saeklesio sakanonmdeblo
krebebi~ (Tb., 2003), masSi ganxilulia saqarTvelos 15 sakanonmdeblo kreba.
aRsaniSnavia, rom TiToeul krebas Tan davurTeT mis mier gamocemuli
kanonebi, amitomac aRniSnuli wigni saeklesio sakanonmdeblo Zeglebis
erTgvar qrestomaTias warmoadgens, rac aseve siaxlea.
winadebare wignSi ganxilulia IV-XVIII ss-Si Semdgari mimdinare saeklesio
krebebi, sul ganxilulia 21 saeklesio kreba, maTgan zogierTi marTalia
Sedga saqarTvelos farglebs gareT, magram mieZRvna saqarTvelos saeklesio
sakiTxebs. mniSvnelovan krebaTa nawils Tan erTvis maT mier gamocemuli
saeklesio samarTlis Zeglebi.
Cvens mier ganxilul krebebs saxelebi mivakuTvneT mowvevis adgilis
mixedviT (magaliTad, ganxilul periodSi TbilisSi mowveul iqna oTxi
saeklesio kreba, maT Soris, Tbilisis I saeklesio kreba Sedga XII s-Si, xolo
IV Sedga XVIII s-Si).
krebaTa SeswavliT dadasturda, rom saqarTvelos eklesia, viTarca
avtokefaluri, ganagebda sakuTar saeklesio samarTals, amasTanave, mas
viTarca saxelmwifoebrivi Tvisebebis mqones, xeli miuwvdeboda samoqalaqoadministraciul mmarTvelobasa da samarTalze (amiT iyo gamowveuli

magaliTad bagrat kurapalatis samarTalSi 101, 102, 103 da sxva muxlebis

gaCena, romelTagan erT-erTis gansazRvriT `meore mefe episkoposi aris da
qristianTa sjulisa damamtkicebeli~ (`sjuli~ - kanons ewodeboda Zvel
saqarTveloSi).
krebaTa Seswavla adasturebs n. maris Sefasebas, rom `Zvel saqarTveloSi
saero da sasuliero Zalauflebis erToba warmoadgenda udavo faqts~.
sasuliero
da
saero
xelisuflebis
erTobis
gamomxatvelia
mwignobarTuxucesis (Wyondideli episkoposis) mefis Semdeg meore saxelmwifo
piris Tanamdebobis daweseba. saqarTveloSi saeklesio krebebs iwvevda mefe,
amave dros saxelmwifo darbazs, Cans imis gamo, rom igi Tavisi
SemadgenlobiT gamoxatavda simfoniur (harmoniul) kavSirs saeklesio da
saero xelisuflebas Soris, ufleba eniWeboda ganexila saeklesio sakiTxebi
da mieRo dadgenileba (kaTalikosTa, umaRles ierarqTa, episkoposTa da
mrevlis warmomadgenelTa monawileobiT) saeklesio sakiTxebis Sesaxeb.
Seswavlili saeklesio krebebis analizi adasturebs Zveli qarTuli
istoriografiis dabejiTebul mtkicebas iurisdiqciis sazRvrebis Sesaxeb
(kerZod, rom IV s-dan qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda ara mxolod
aRmosavleT saqarTvelo, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelo (Tavdapirvelad
mdinare egriswylamde, Semdeg ki mdinare klisuramde), saeklesio enis da
sxvaTa Sesaxeb.
vloculobT, raTa Cvenma Sromam xeli Seuwyos qarTuli saeklesio
samarTlis Seswavlis gaRrmavebis saqmes.
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis periodizacia
qristianuli
eklesiis
istoria,
rogorc
disciplina,
Seiswavlis
saeklesio
cxovrebas
warsulSi
da
gadmogvcems
mas
qronologiuri
TanmimdevrobiT. saqarTvelos eklesia warmoadgens msoflio (sayovelTao)
eklesiis ganuyofel nawils, amitomac misi istoria msoflio eklesiis
istoriisagan mouwyvetlad ganixileba. IV saukuneSi episkoposma evsevi
kesarielma im droisaTvis axali mecnierebis sagani gansazRvra da mas
`eklesiis istoria~ uwoda. eklesia warmoadgens mTel dedamiwaze mcxovreb
qristianTa erTobas, romelic ganixileba rogorc sulieri sxeuli, romlis
Tavic qristea da erTi suliT suldgmulobs: `erTi sxeuli da erTi suli,
erTi ufali, erTi rwmena, erTi naTloba, erTi RmerTi da mama yovelTa~
(efes. 4, 4-6), amitomac eklesiis ganyofa da nawilebad daSla ar SeiZleba
(misgan gamoyofa mxolod mwvaleblebs SeuZliaT).
sxvadasxva adgilobrivi eklesiis arseboba, rogoricaa konstantinopolis,
aleqsandriis, ierusalimis, saqarTvelosa da sxvebisa, ar arRvevs eklesiis
erTobas, radganac isini erTi sxeulis qristes sayovelTao eklesiis
wevrebi arian.
eklesiis istorikosTa ganmartebiT qristianuli eklesiis istoria
saRvTismetyvelo mecnierebaTa jgufSi Sedis, Tumca meore mxriv, igi saero
mecnierebacaa,
radganac
kacobriobis
istoriis
Seswavlas
emsaxureba.
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriac aseve qarTveli eris istoriis Semadgenel
nawils warmoadgens. qarTuli eklesia warsulSi mudam warmmarTveli Zala
iyo qarTveli eris sulieri cxovrebisa, wmida ilia marTlis (WavWavaZis)
TvalsazrisiT: `saqarTvelos eklesia yovelTvis TavdadebiT hpatronobda

Cvens ers da arasdros didebas erisas daviwyebas ar aZlevda~1. wm. ilia

gansakuTrebiT
afasebda
qarTvel
RvTismsaxurTa
Rvawls:
`Cvenma
samRvdeloebam kargad icoda, rom mamuli da erovneba rjulTan erTad
SeerTebuli, rjulTan SexorcTvisebuli uZleveli xmali da Seuleweli
faria mtris winaSe~2; `mamuli da erovneba miaSvela samRvdeloebam rjuls,
rjuli mamulsa da erovnebas da egreT momZlavrebulma erma es sameba
waimZRvara win, aTasxuTasi weliwadi omiTa da sisxlis RvriT gamoiara da
qarTvels binac Seunaxa da qarTvelobaca~.
saero istorisagan gansxvavebiT, romelic xalxis miwier, politikur,
kulturul ganviTarebas asaxavs, eklesiis istoria xalxis sulieri
gadarCenisaTvis gaweul Rvawls warmoaCens. eklesiis istorikoss evaleba
Sekribos saWiro faqtebi da istoriuli monacemebi, kritikulad Seiswavlos
isini, daadginos maTi namdviloba, ukuagdos nayalbevi, aCvenos saeWvo, amis
Semdeg ki yvela mopovebuli masala mkacri qronologiuri TanmimdevrobiT
gadmosces.
RvTismetyveleba oTx dargad iyofa: 1. egzegetikuri, 2. istoriuli, 3.
sistematuri, 4. praqtikuli. biliuri da eklesiis istoria RvTismetyvelebis
istoriul
nawils
ganekuTvneba.
istoriuli
RvTismetyvelebis
kerZo
disciplinebia: dogmatebis istoria, patrologia, simbolika, qristianuli
literaturis istoria, saeklesio arqeologia, RvTismsaxurebis istoria da
qristianuli xelovnebis istoria. maTi makavSirebeli ZiriTadi samecniero
RerZia eklesiis istoria, rogorc amas msoflio istoriis cnobili
mkvlevarebi ganmartaven.
msoflio eklesiis istorias sam nawilad yofen: Zveli, Sua da axali.
msoflio eklesiis istoriis Zvel da Sua periodTa Soris sazRvris Cveneba
sadavodaa miCneuli, erTni mijnad VI s. dasasruls, xolo meoreni VII s.
dasasruls miiCneven, roca VI
msoflio krebaze monofizitebTan kamaTi
dasrulda da msoflio eklesias ganSorda monofizituri Temebi (aseT
dayofas emxroba prof. bolotovi). prof. posnovis azriT, mijnas Zvelsa da
Sua periodebs Soris warmoadgens XI s. kerZod 1054 weli, roca gaiyo
msoflio eklesia, Tumca miiCnevs, rom imdroindeli qristianebisaTvis am
moments ar hqonia iseTi mniSvneloba, rogoric man SemdegSi miiRo
(igulisxmeba msoflio marTlmadideblobisagan e.w. `kaTolikeTa~ gasvla).
Sua da axal periodebs Soris sazRvrad miRebulia 1453 wels
konstantinopolis dacema, dasavleTis eklesiisaTvis am periodTa Soris
sazRvrad XVI saukuneSi reformaciaTa dawyebas miiCneven.
ramdenadac
cnobilia,
saqarTvelos eklesiis
istoria
periodebad
dayofili ar yofila, mizezi amisa unda iyos is, rom igi TiTqmis
ocsaukunovan didZal saeklesio-istoriul masalas moicavs, amasTan qarTuli
eklesiis istoriis ganmazogadebeli Txroba mxolod ramdenime istorikos
aqvs gadmocemuli3, magram isic periodizaciis gareSe.
msoflio eklesiis msgavsad qarTuli eklesiis istoriac SeiZleba sam
periodad daiyos. esenia Zveli, Sua da axali. Zveli periodi moicavs xanas
pirveli saukunidan vidre XII s. dasawyisamde (ruis-urbnisis krebamde, 1103-1105
ww.), Sua periodi moicavs xanas XII saukunidan mecxramete saukunis
dasawyisamde, avtokefaliis gauqmebamde (1811 w.). axali periodi moicavs xanas
mecxramete saukunis 10-iani wlebidan vidre dRemde.

pirveli saukunidan Cveni eklesiis istoriis periodizaciis dawyebas

Tavisi safuZveli aqvs. Cveni Zveli istorikosebi (episkoposi leonti mroveli,
arsen beri, ioane sabanis Ze, giorgi mTawmindeli, qarTlis cxovrebis
CanarTebis avtorebi da sxvebi) miiCneven, rom qristianoba saqarTveloSi ukve
I_III
saukuneebidanaa
cnobili.
wmida
giorgi
mTawmindeli,
antioqiis
sapatriarqo karze acxadebda, rom qristianobis pirveli mqadageblebi
saqarTveloSi TviT qristes mociqulebi: andria pirvelwodebuli da simon
kananeli iyvnen, ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebam Tavis ZeglisweraSi es
momenti xazgasmiT warmoaCina. axali arqeologiuri monacemebi faqtiurad
amtkiceben me-8 saukunis avtoris ioane sabanis Zis cnobas qarTvelTa Soris
qristianobis xuTaswlovani arsebobis Sesaxeb. kerZod, arqeologTa mier
gamovlenili samarxebis SeswavliT irkveva, rom CvenSi qristianoba mis
saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad aRiarebamdec cnobili iyo, amitomac II-III ss-Si
micvalebulebis erT nawils qristianuli wesiT marxavden4.
qarTlis
cxovrebis
CanarTis
Tanaxmad
andria
pirvel-wodebulma
saqarTveloSi pirveli saepiskoposo kaTedra qalaq awyurSi daarsa da mas
episkoposi da samRvdeloeba daudgina. m. TamaraSvilis mier moZiebuli cnobis
Tanaxmad pirvel saukuneebSi imperator maqsimilianes jarSi qristiani
qarTveli meomrebic msaxurobdnen, romlebic kolxeTSi gadaasaxles; xolo
laTini avtoris irineosis cnobiT, episkoposma palmosma da misma megobrebma
kolxidaSi samocdaaTi eklesia aaSenes,. anton kaTalikosma pirvel-meore
sakuneebSi mcxovrebi qarTveli wmindanebis, egreT wodebuli wminda
mesukavelTa cxovreba aRwera. isini warmoSobiT aRmosavleT saqarTvelodan
(hereT-albaneTidan)
yofilan,
xolo
mowameobis
gvirgvini
samxreT
saqarTveloSi miuRiaT. III s-Si, qarTlis cxovrebis Tanaxmad, mefe rev
marTals qristianuli suliskveTebis reforma gautarebia, saxeldobr,
kerpebisaTvis yrmaTa Sewirva aukrZalavs. berZnuli wyaroebis cnobiT, IV
saukunis dasawyisSi, kerZod 325 wels biWvinTeli da trapezunteli
episkoposebi pirvel msoflio krebaSi monawileobdnen. aRniSnuli da sxva
monacemebi imis safuZvels gvaZlevs, rom Cveni eklesiis periodizacia pirveli
saukunidan daviwyoT, xolo I_III saukuneebi Cveni eklesiis istoriis Zveli
periodis erT nawilad miviCnioT (SeiZleba mas uZvelesi xana vuwodoT).
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoris Zveli periodis Semdgomi xana IV saukunis
20-30
wlebidan
iwyeba,
rodesac
wmida
ninos
qadagebaTa
Sedegad
mociqulTasworma
mefe-dedofalma
mirianma
da
nanam
qristianoba
saqarTveloSi saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad gamoacxades. am xanebSi unda
Camoyalibebuliyo saqarTvelos eklesia organizaciuladac.
IV_V ss-Si qarTuli eklesia gaZlierda, ganmtkicda. qarTul enaze
iTargmna wmida werili, xolo V s-Si, vaxtang gorgaslis dros, Camoyalibda
saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso. igi moicavda Tanamedrove saqarTvelos TiTqmis
mTel teritorias, radganac am mefis wyalobiT saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos
iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi qarTlis samefos saxelmwifoebriv sazRvrebs
daemTxveva, qarTlis samefoSi ki im dros rogorc aRmosavleTi, aseve
dasavleT saqarTveloc Sedioda.
Semdgomi xana qarTuli eklesiis Zveli periodisa iwyeba VI saukunidan da
ruis-urbnisis krebamde e.i. XII s. dasawyisamde gagrZelda. am dros eklesiis
beds Cveni saxelmwifos mdgomareoba gansazRvravda. rogorc cnobilia, VI

saukuneSi gauqmda mefoba, ramac saboloo jamSi `yoveli qarTlis~ calkeul

qveynebad daSla gamoiwvia. Camoyalibda tao-klarjeTis (`qarTvelTa~),
afxazTa, herTa da kaxTa samefoebi (samTavroebi).
unda iTqas, rom VI s-dan Zveli periodis mesame xanis dawyebis safuZvlad
daedo Cvens qveyanasa da eklesiaSi am epoqaSi momxdari movlenebi. s. janaSias
azriT, `VI saukune namdvili istoriuli mosabrunia Cveni qveynis ganviTarebis
TvalsazrisiT Zvel xanaSi~5, n. berZeniSvili VI-X ss adrefeodalur xanad
miiCnevda, VI s-Si gaimarjva axalma politikurma wyobam. `moaklda mefoba
SvilTa gorgaslisaTa, miT JamiTgan epyra ufleba qarTlis aznaurTa~6.
erisTavebma miisakuTres samarTavad miRebuli mxareebi. saqarTveloSi vidre,
e.w. skanda-Sorapnamde sparselebi gabatondnen. isini laSqrobdnen egrissa da
zRvispireTSic, sparselebi devnidnen qarTul qalkedonur eklesias da
yoveli RonisZiebiT cdilobdnen, rom amierkavkasiis (albanur da qarTul)
eklesiebze somxuri eklesia gaebatonebinaT. marTalia VI s. somxur da sxva
wyaroTa Tanaxmad qarTlis kaTolikosis iurisdiqciaSi kvlavindeburad
Sedioda dasavleT saqarTvelo, magram VII s. 20-iani wlebidan saqarTveloSi
herakle keisris laSqrobis Semdeg bizantiam dasavleT saqarTvelos
zRvispireTi uSualod Tavis SemadgenlobaSi Seiyvana. maSasadame das.
saqarTvelos eklesia gamoiyvana qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciidan da
konstantinopolis sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi Seiyvana. amitomac aq daarsda
berZnulenovani
saepiskoposoebi.
VIII
s-Si
qarTuli
saxelmwifoebrivi
erTeulis, afxazeTis samefos, warmoqmnis Sedegad dasavleT saqarTveloSi
Camoyalibda axali qarTuli saeklesio erTeuli, afxazeTis sakaTalikiso. X
s. bolosa XI s. dasawyisSi saqarTvelos gaerTianebam safuZveli Cauyara
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos warmoqmnas, romelSic afxazeTisa da qarTlis
sakaTalikosoebi gaerTiandnen. VI-XI ss-Si qarTul eklesiaSi mimdinare
procesi mTlian xanas warmoadgens Tavisi dasawyisiTa da dasasruliT.
maSasadame, qarTuli eklesiis istoriis Zveli periodi I_XI saukuneebs
moicavs da igi sam xanad iyofa. pirveli xana moicavs I_III saukuneebs, meore
IV_V saukuneebs, xolo mesame VI_XI saukuneebs.
Sua periodi qarTuli eklesiis istoriisa moicavs XII_XVIII saukuneebs,
igi XII saukunidan XIV s-mde saqarTvelos saxelmwifos e.w. oqros xanas
emTxveva. am dros saqarTvelos sapatriarqos siZliere zenits aRwevs.
Sua periodis Semdegi xana XIV_XVIII saukuneebs moicavs. saqarTvelos
saxelmwifoebrivma uimedobam, qveyanaSi centridanulma midrekilebebma, qveynis
samefo-samTavroebad daSlam zegavlena saeklesio cxovrebazec iqonia.
afxazeTisa da mcxeTis sakaTalikosoebma erTmaneTis mimarT meti
administraciuli damoukidebloba miiRes. miuxedavad amisa, es qarTuli
saeklesio erTeulebi sulier erTianobas, erT saeklesio enas, saeklesio
Cvevebsa
da
tradiciebs
inarCunebdnen
(erTian
qarTul
eklesiaSi
sakaTalikosoebi
iseve
arsebobdnen,
rogorc
berZnul
eklesiaSi
samitropolitoebi).
qarTuli eklesiis istoriis axal periodSi SeiZleba calke gamovyoT XIX
saukune, esaa avtokefaliis gauqmebis xana, uaxlesi xana ki avtokefaliis
aRdgenidan (25(12) III.1917) iwyeba. amrigad:
1. Zveli periodi
grZeldeba I s-dan XII s. dasawyisamde (ruis-urbnisis
krebamde), iyofa sam xanad;

2. Sua periodi, XII s. dasawyisidan avtokefaliis gauqmebamde (1811);

3. axali periodi moicavs XIX-XX ss.
saeklesio istoriografia I periodi (I-XI ss;)
(wmida mociqulebidan ruis-urbnisis krebamde)
istoriografiis
qveS
igulisxmeba
saistorio
wyaroebsa
da
TviTmxilvelTa cnobebze dayrdnobiT saeklesio cxovrebis gadmocema.
qarTuli eklesiis istoriis Sesaxeb cnobebs msoflio eklesiis istoriis
pirveli mamebi gvawvdian. rogorc cnobilia, evsevi kesarielma (gard. 338)
oTxi saistorio Txzuleba Seadgina 1. qronika, or wignad, msoflio istoria
dabadebidan mis dromde; 2. saeklesio istoria aT wignad, qristianobis
dasawyisidan 324 wlamde; 3. konstantine didis cxovreba 4 wignad, da 4. `Zvel
martviliaTa krebuli~. evsevi kesarielis memkvidreni da misi Sromis
gamgrZelebelni
iyvnen

sokrati,
konstantinopoleli
advokati
(sqolastikosi), dawera saeklesio istoria Svid wignad (305-439); ermia
sozomeni, agreTve advokati, gadmoca eklesiis istoria cxra wignad (324-423);
episkoposi Teodorite kvireli, dawera eklesiis istoria 5 wignad (320-428).
TavianT TxzulebebSi isini qarTuli eklesiis saxelmwifoebrivi dafuZnebis
istoriasac exebian7. qarTuli eklesiis Sesaxeb cnobas msoflio eklesiis
pirvel istoriografTagan agreTve laTini presviteri rufinusic iZleva,
romelmac evsevi kesarielis istoria Targmna da igi 395 wlamde gaagrZela
(rufinusi, X, 10).
qarTuli eklesiis istoriis uZveles ucxour wyaroebTan dakavSirebiT n.
janaSia wers: `uZvelesi wyaro, romelSic moxsenebuli yofila qarTvelTa
moqcevis ambavi, aris IV s. berZeni istorikosis (gard. 395) gelasi kesarielis
`saeklesio istoria~, samwuxarod, es Txzuleba dResdReobiT dakagulad
iTvleba da CvenTvis cnobili ar aris. magram mermindel avtorebs
SemounaxavT TavianT SromebSi misi cnobebi. maT Soris uZvelesia romaeli
saeklesio istorikosi rufinusi, rufinusi gelasi kesarielis umcrosi
Tanamedrove iyo (gard. 410). mas uTargmnia da Tavis TxzulebaSi Seutania
gelasi
kesarielis
cnoba
qarTvelTa
moqcevis
Sesaxeb...
rufinusze
dayrdnobiT moTxrobili aqvs iberTa gaqristianebis ambavi V s. berZen
istorikoss sokrates (dab. 380)`...iberTa gaqristianebis ambavi gadmocemuli
aqvs V s. meore berZen istorikoss Teodorite kvirels (dab. 390)... sozomens,
romelsac Tavisi wigni dauweria 444 wlis maxloblad da uSualod
rufinusiT usargeblia. V s. berZeni istorikosi gelasi kvizikelic gelasi
kesarieliT sargeblobda~8.
meore
mxriv,
qarTuli
eklesiis
istoria
TiTqmis
I
saukunidan
(mcxeTelebis Casvla macxovris jvarcmaze dasaswreblad, kvarTis Camosveneba
saqarTveloSi da sxva), aRwerilia uZveles qarTul saistorio wyaroSi,
romelsac `moqceva qarTlisa~ ewodeba9. masSi moTavsebuli `wmida ninos
cxovrebis~ e. w. vrceli redaqciis avtorad dasaxelebulia salome ujareli
(IV s.). misi Txroba wmida ninos moRvaweobisa da pirveli qarTuli eklesiis
dafuZnebis Sesaxeb eTanadeba gelasi kesarielisa da sxva zemoaRniSnul
berZen-laTini istorikosebis cnobebs. ucxoeli avtorebi wmida ninos
aRniSnuli
cxovrebis
ramdenadme
Semoklebul
Sinaars
gadmogvcemen.

istorikosi m. CxartiSvili, romelmac sagangebod, monografiulad gamoikvlia

`moqceva qarTlisa~, im daskvnamde mivida, rom salome ujarmelis
SviliSvilma bakurma gelasi kesariels Tavisi bebiis mier dawerili wmida
ninos cxovrebis Semoklebuli Sinaarsi gadasca10.
salome ujarmeli pirveli qarTveli qristiani mefis, mirianis Zis coli
iyo, igi maspinZlobda bodbeSi momakvdav ninos. misgan Cauweria qarTlis
moqcevis istoria, mas Seukrebia agreTve ebraeli qalis sidonias, mamamisis
abiaTaris, saberZneTidan Camosuli mRvdlis iakobis, mefe mirianis mogonebebi,
Tavisi TxzulebisaTvis `wmida ninos cxovreba~ uwodebia da misTvis daurTavs
Sesavali. salome ujarmelis TxzulebaSi, rogorc wesi, yvela faqts Tavisi
mxilveli da mTxrobeli hyavs. salome ujarmelis es Txzuleba Sesulia
qarTul wyaroTa krebulSi, romelsac `moqceva qarTlisa~ ewodeba. m.
CxartiSvili salome ujarmels IV saukunis avtorad miiCnevs da akritikebs n.
mars, iv. javaxiSvilsa da k. kekeliZes, romelnic wmida ninos cxovrebis
aRniSnul redaqcias gviani xaniT aTariRebdnen. m. CxartiSvili am sakiTxTan
dakavSirebiT wers, rom 1897 wels m. marma gamoTqva varaudi, romlis
mixedviTac aRniSnuli redaqcia IX s-ze adrindeli ar unda iyos. es
mosazreba iv. javaxiSvilmac gaiziara, n. kekeliZe am Zegls IX saukuniT imis
safuZvelze aTariRebda, rom masSi naxmaria martis weliwadi, romelic misi
miTiTebiT CvenSi swored am droisaTvis Semosula. n. kekeliZis sxva
naSromidan ki vigebT, rom Turme mas CvenSi martis weliwadis damkvidrebis
TariRi `ninos cxovrebis~ vrceli redaqciiT daudgenia, romelsac IX
saukuneSi Seqnil Zeglad miiCnevda. zemoT Tqmulic aSkarad xdis, rom
qarTuli wyaroebis mimarT hiperkritikuli damokidebulebis pirobebSic ki
`ninos cxovrebis~ vrceli redaqciis gviani saukuneebiT daTariReba faqtebze
ZaldatanebiT xdeboda. msgavsad amisa, arc n. maris, iv. javaxiSvilis, k.
kekeliZis mtkicebani ar SeiZleba miRebul iqnas argumentebad gansaxilveli
Zeglis TariRis garkvevisas. amgvarad, ara gvaqvs araviTari safuZveli ar
davujeroT Txzulebisave miTiTebas imis Sesaxeb, rom igi IV s. Zeglia. aqedan
gamomdinare, salome ujarmelis avtorobasac araferi ar eRobeba win.
wyaroTmcodneobaSi miRebuli wyaros `udanaSaulobis prezumfciis~ principis
Tanaxmad, Cveni Zieba aq unda Sewydes. wyaros `ar evaleba~ gvimtkicos, rom
sworia. Tu ver vamCnevT, rom misi monacemebi yalbia, maSasadame, igi miRebul
unda iqnas, rogorc WeSmariti~, - wers m. CxartiSvili11. man daadgina, rom
pirveli qarTveli saeklesio istorikosi IV s. avtori salome ujarmelia.
sazogadod unda iTqvas, rom Zvelad saqarTveloSi samoqalaqos gverdiT
saeklesio istoriografiac arsebobda. ufro metic, wamyvani swored es
ukanaskneli iyo. didi ivane javaxiSvili
saeklesio istorikosebs ufro
endoboda, vidre samoqalaqos. amitomac igi `qarTlis cxovrebis~ krebulze
ufro metad (viTarca saistorio wyaroebs) saeklesio istorikosebis iakob
xucesis (curtavelis, V s.), evstaTi mcxeTelis (VI s.), ioane sabanis Zis (VIII),
giorgi merCulisa da sxvaTa Txzulebebs eyrdnobod12.
istorikosebi aRniSnaven, rom Sua saukuneebis msoflioSi saeklesio
istoriografiam daqveiTeba ganicada, eklesiis istoriisadmi miZRvnili
specialuri Sromebi aRar Seqmnila da igi sayovelTao istorias SeuerTda.
aseTebia bizantiasa da yofili romis imperiaSi Sedgenili qronikebi
(Teofanes qronika 285 wlidan 813 wlamde, giorgi amartolis, giorgi

svinkelosis, patriarq nikifores, leon diakonis (X s.), ana komnenis, zonaras,

kedrenes da XI_XII ss avtorTa sxva qronikebi. Semdegi drois nikifore
xoniatis (XIII s.), nikifore grigoris (XIV s.), ioane kantakuzenis da nikifore
kalistas qronikebi). saqarTveloSic msgavs suraTs vxedavT. eklesiis
istoriisadmi sagangebod miZRvnili Sroma salome ujarmelis `wminda ninos
cxovrebis~ Semdeg aRar dawerila.
es istoria SemdegSi qarTul qronikaTa krebuls `moqceva qarTlisa~
miuerTes, rogorc es aRvniSneT.
qarTul saistorio TxzulebaTagan uZvelesad miCneulia qronika `moqceva
qarTlisa~, romelic mokled gadmoscems saqarTvelos istorias uZvelesi
droidan da Seicavs mniSvnelovan cnobebs13.
`moqceva qarTlisa~ faqtiurad ori nawilisagan Sedgenil krebuls
warmoadgens. I nawili Cans, warmoadgens Zvel-qarTul saistorio qronikas,
masSi saqarTvelos istoria mokledaa mimoxiluli uZvelesi droidan
(aleqsandre makedonelis qarTlSi mosvla) VII s. 40-ian wlebamde, rasac Tan
erTvis istoria am epoqidan IX bolomde, aSot kurapalatis Svilis guramis
dromde (gard. 882 w.) da qarTlis mefeTa, erisTavTa da kaTalikosTa sia.
krebulis II nawili warmoadgens qarTuli eklesiis uZveles istorias. masSi
Sesulia sxvadasxva piris mier vrclad moTxrobili ambavi wm. ninos
saqarTveloSi mosvlisa da mis mier qveynis gaqristianebis Sesaxeb.
es qronika p. ingoroyvas VII s-Si Sedgenilad miaCnda, misi saboloo
redaqcia IX saukunisa unda iyos, radganac VII s. meore naxevridan TiTqmis IX
s.
dasasrulamde
qronikaSi
saistorio
movlenebis
mokle
gadmocema
Sewyvetilia da mxolod mefe-erisTavebis siaa darTuli14.
g. meliqiSvelis azriT, am qronikis Semdgeneli uZvelesi masaliT
sargeblobs. qronika Seicavs qarTlis mefeTa (xolo Semdgom erisTavTa da
kaTolikosTa) sias azo farnavazis xanidan (Zv. w. IV-III ss.) IX s.-mde.
`miuxedavad calkeuli xarvezebisa, Cvens winaSea qarTlis mmarTvelTa
ZiriTadad uwyveti da sando sia saukuneTa manZilze, rac, ueWvelad,
gulisxmobs adgilobrivi (amasTanave werilobiTi) saistorio tradiciis
arsebobas, romelmac Tavisi asaxva `moqcevas~ istoriul qronikaSi pova15.
aRsaniSnavia, rom `moqcevas~ teqstSi daculia wyaroebze miTiTeba.
mcxeTis jvris aRmarTvasTan dakavSirebiT (krebulis I nawilSi) damowmebulia
grigol diakonis Txzuleba: `viTarca sweria, mciresa mas mokled aRwerilsa
mas wignsa qarTlis moqcevisasa grigol diakonis mier aRwerilsa~. VI s.
ambebis motanisas ki qronikaSi naTqvamia, rom `ese aRwerili gamokrebilad
ars~, e. i. igi ufro vrcel matianeze miuTiTebs.
qarTuli eklesiis istoriis umTavresi wyaroa `qarTlis cxovrebis~
krebuli, romelic saerTod, warmoadgens saqarTvelos Zveli istoriis
wyaros. masSi gadmocemulia Cveni qveynis istoria Tanmimdevruli TxrobiT
uZvelesi droidan. `qarTlis cxovreba~ sxvadasxva saistorio Txzulebisagan
Sedgeba. ivane javaxiSvilis mixedviT, misi dasawyisi nawili vaxtang
gorgaslamde dawerilia leonti mrovelis mier16, xolo kekeliZis azriT, vaxtang gorgaslis istoriis CaTvliT17. sazogadod, leonti mrovelis
TxuzulebaSi Sesuli nakveTi `wmida ninos mier qarTlis moqceva~, Cveni
eklesiis istoriis Zveli periodis umTavresi wyaroa18.

istorikosi juanSer juanSeriani, Tavis naSromSi leonti mrovelis

`mefeTa cxovrebas~ V s. Sua wlebidan VIII s. 40-50-ian wlebamde agrZelebs.
juanSeris TxzulebaSi Txroba arCil mefemde aRwevs, iqve CarTuli `arCilis
wameba~ leonti mrovelis Txzulebad aris miCneuli.
VIII s. Sua wlebidan XI s. 80-ian wlebamde `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ Txrobas
agrZelebs ucnobi istorikosi, romlis naSroms `matiane qarTlisas~ uwodeben.
`matiane qarTlisa~ umTavres wyaros warmoadgens CvensEmier gansaxilveli
eklesiis istoriis xanisas. masSi gabneulia cnobebi, romlebic eklesiis
istoriasac gadmogvcemen. ivane javaxiSvili aRniSnavda, rom `matiane
qarTlisa~ aRsavsea auarebeli istoriuli cnobiT. igi sando istoriuli
Txzuleba da pirvelxarisxovani wyaroa. juanSeris Txzulebis Sesaxeb am
wyaroSi naTqvamia: `wigni ese qarTvelTa cxovrebisa vidre vaxtangisamde
aRiwereboda JamiTi Jamad, xolo vaxtang mefisTagan vidre aqamomde (e. i.
arCil mefemde, VIII s.) aRwera juanSer juanSerianman, Zmiswulis qmarman
wmindisa arCilisman, naTesavman revisman, mirianis Zisaman. mieriTgan SemdgomTa
momavalTa naTesavTa aRweron, viTarca ixilon da winamdebareman Jamman
uwyebad misces gonebasa maTsa RvTiv ganbrZobilsa~19; es minaweri uZveles
(XIII s.) xelnawerSi (Zveli somxuri Targmani) moipoveba. `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~
avtorTa Sesaxeb sxva minawericaa, romlidanac SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom
`mefeTa cxovreba~, `wmida ninos mier qarTlis moqceva~ da `arCilis wameba~
`leonti mrovelman aRwera~20. aRsaniSnavia, rom am bolo minawers uZvelesi
somxuri Targmani qarTlis cxovrebisa ar icnobs, maSin roca masSi aris
zemoaRniSnuli cnoba juanSeris Sesaxeb. `erTaderTi gamosavali am
winaaRmdegobidan is aris, rogorc fiqrobda Tedo Jordania, rom leonti
mroveli miviCnioT ara avtorad, aramed gadamwerad anda redaqtorgadamwerad~21.
g. meliqiSvilis azriT, juanSers (VIII s.) xelT hqonia qarTlis cxovrebis
saistorio krebuli, Sedgenili `JamiTi-Jamad~ dawerili Txzulebebisagan,
uZvelesi droidan vidre vaxtang gorgaslamde. g. meliqiSvili wers: `aSkaraa,
rom vaxtang gorgaslis Txzuleba calke nawarmoebs unda warmoadgendes~.
Cveni azriT, juanSers krebulisaTvis miumatebia vaxtang gorgaslis Semdgomi
ambebi arCil mefemde, xolo redaqtors masSi `arCilis wamebis~ mokle
moTxrobac Seutania.
g. meliqiSvili Tavis mosazrebas imis Sesaxeb, rom `qarTlis cxovrebis~
dasawyisSi Sesuli Txzulebebi (iseve, rogorc maTi krebulis saxiT Sekvra)
VIII-IX saukuneebiT unda daTariRdes, asabuTebs am krebulis dasawyisSi
gamoxatuli armenofiluri tendenciebiT, rac misi azriT, `kargad egueba
VIII_IX ss. viTarebas~22.
aRniSnuli
Txzulebis
VIII
s.
Sua
wlebamde
arsebobs
isic
gvavaraudebinebs, rom, rogorc es pavle ingoroyvam aRniSna, masSi ar gvxvdeba
sityva `afxazeTi~, rac warmoudgenelia VIII s. Semdgom, miT umetes XI
saukuneSi Seqmnil viTarebaSi. iv. javaxiSvili da k. kekeliZe fiqrobdnen, rom
es Txzuleba XI saukuneSia dawerili23.
g. meliqiSvili `qarTlis cxovrebis~ dasawyisSi arsebul armenofilur
tendenciebs qarTlSi VIII_IX saukuneebSi arsebuli politikuri viTarebis
anareklad miiCnevda. VI s-sa da VII saukunis dasawyisSi sparseTis imperiis
mxardaWeriT gaZlierebuli somxuri eklesia amierkavkasiis eklesiebze

hegemonobis mopovebas cdilobda, ramac Tavisi kvali daamCnia im dros Cvens

saeklesio cxovrebas. m. TarxniSvili `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~ arsebul
armenofilur tendenciebs qarTlSi VI_VII saukuneebSi arsebuli viTarebis
gamovlinebad Tvlida da amitomac qarTlis cxovrebis krebuls VI_VII
sakuneebSi Camoyalibebul Zeglad aRiarebda24.
gansaxilveli
wyaros
armenofilur
tendenciebTan
da
zogierT
koncefciasTan dakavSirebiT g. meliqiSvili aRniSnavs, rom `qarTlis
cxovrebis~ Sesaval da sxva nawilebSi Zlierad igrZnoba somxuri saistorio
tradiciis gavlena, rac STagonebulia mose xorenelis TxzulebiT, anda
damokidebulia im somxur werilobiT Tu zedapir tradiciebze, ramac
mosesTan iCina Tavi. `mTel am ambebs aSkara armenofiluri daRi azis...
bunebrivia, vifiqroT, rom am ambebis Txrobisas `qarTlis cxovrebis
informaciis wyaros somxuri tradicia warmoadgens~25.
qvemoT ganxilulia sxvadasxva mosazreba Tu ra iyo mizezi qarTuli
wminda werilisa Tu ukve arsebuli saistorio wyaroebis somxuri dednebis
mixedviT, anda armenofiluri tendenciebiT redaqtirebisa VI_VII saukuneebSi,
romelic SemdgomSi SeumCneveli ar darCeniaT qarTvel da berZen saeklesio
moRvaweebs. VIII saukunidan daiwyo da XI saukunis Sua wlebamde gagrZelda,
giorgi mciris sityviT rom vTqvaT, `maTgan Targmnili~ wmida werilis
redaqtireba axla ukve berZnuli dednebis mixedviT (gamoyenebiT).
Semdgom wyaros saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriisa (VI s-dan XI s-mde)
warmoadgens istorikos sumbat daviTis Zis Txzuleba `cxovreba da uwyeba
bagratonianTa~, romelic moicavs aRniSnul xanas, kerZod, VI s-dan XI s. 40-ian
wlebamde. XI s. avtoris es Txzuleba bagrationebis samefo saxlis matianea
da saqarTvelos istoriis calkeul periodebs warmoadgens. sumbat daviTis
Zis mier gadmocemuli cnobebis simarTle paraleluri qarTuli Tu ucxouri
wyaroebiTac dasturdeba26.
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis pirveli periodis SeswavlisaTvis
uaRresad mniSvnelovania amave xanis qarTuli saeklesio mwerlobis Zeglebi.
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis Zveli periodis erT-erTi umiSvnelovanesi
wyaroa V saukunis meore naxevris saeklesio moRvawis iakob xucesis
(curtavelis) Txzuleba `wameba wmidisa SuSanikisi dedoflisa~. esaa Zegli,
romelSic mkafiod Cans, Tu rogori TavdadebiT icavdnen saqarTveloSi
qristianul sarwmunoebas qveynis saukeTeso Svilebi. isini mzad iyvnen
amqveyniuri sicocxle daeTmoT saukunis damkvidrebisaTvis. iakob xucesi
varsqen pitiaxSis karis mRvdeli da wminda SuSanikis moZRvari, misi
mowameobrivi Rvawlis TviTmxilveli da piruTvneli aRmweri iyo. es
Txzuleba mas 476-483 wlebSi dauweria, wmida SuSanikis aRsasrulis Semdeg da
wminda mefis, vaxtang gorgaslis mier varsqenis sikvdiliT dasjamde, am
TxzulebaSi aRwerilia mexuTe saukunis qarTlis yofa-cxovreba, qveynis
politikuri da socialuri mdgomareoba, saeklesio organizacia, xalxis zneCveulebebi, amitomac igi SesaniSnav istoriul wyarod iTvleba
VI s qarTlSi gabatonebuli iranelebis mier qarTuli eklesiis samwysos
(kerZod, gaqristianebuli sparselebis) devna aRwerilia `evstaTi mcxeTelis
martvilobaSi~, romelic VI s-Si daiwera ucnobi avtoris, martvilobis
TviTmxilvelis mier 27.

VIII s. meore naxevarSi ioane sabanis Ze aRwers qarTuli eklesiis wevris,

gaqristianebuli arabis (habos) wamebas arabTa batonobisas qarTlSi, arabTa
sarwmunoebriv
politikas,
mimarTuls
qarTuli
eklesiis
winaaRmdeg,
aRmosavleT da dasavleT saqarTveloSi qristianTa da saerTod, qarTvelTa
yofas. misi Txzulebidan Cans, rom am droisaTvis qristianuli sarwmunoeba
qarTvelTa eronuli TavisTavadobisa da TviTSenaxva-dagarCenis saSualebas
warmoadgenda.
IX s. ucnobi avtori TxzulebaSi `cxovreba da wameba konstantisi
qarTvelisa~ mokled aRwers arabTa sardlis buRa Turqis laSqrobas
saqarTveloSi (853) da qarTvelTa brZolas Tavisi erovnuli sarwmunoebis
dasacavad. qristianuli sarwmunoebis dacvisaTvis yuelis cixisTavis
gobronis (miqaelis) wamebas aRwers X s. avtori stefane mtbevari TxzulebaSi
`wameba gobronisi~. aq moTxrobilia abul kasimis 914 w. laSqrobis Sesaxeb
samxreT saqarTveloSi.
sasuliero pirTa moRvaweoba, anu `moqalaqeoba~ aRwerilia basili
zarzmelis `serapion zarzmelis cxovrebaSi~, romelsac zogi VII s-Si, zogi
ki IX s-Si daweril miiCnevs.
gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis Zeglia 951 wels dawerili Txzuleba
giorgi merCulisa `grigol xanZTelis cxovreba~. masSi aRwerilia VIII-IX
saukuneebSi tao-klarjeTSi qarTvel saeklesio pirTa Tavdadebuli erovnulsarwmunoebrivi moRvaweoba, saeklesio aRmSenebloba.
qarTuli eklesiis yofa, sasuliero pirTa Rvawli gadmocemulia `ilarion
qarTvelis cxovrebaSi~, asurel mamaTa cxovrebaSi (`cxovreba ioane
zedaznelisa~, `cxovreba Siosa da evagresi~, `cxovreba daviT garejelisa~,
`moqalaqeoba
abibos
nekresel
episkoposisa~
da
sxva).
qristianobis
ganmtkicebas mTian mxareSi asaxavs Txzuleba `wameba yrmaTa ricxviT
cxraTa~28.
saqarTvelos eklesiis yofas VI_VII saukuneebSi gadmoscems arsen
kaTalikosis Txzuleba `ganyofisaTvis qarTlisa da somxeTisa~, romelic
furclebaSlili da daulagebeli saxiT xelT Cavardnia gviani drois
redaqtors. Cven imdenad mniSvnelovan wyarod miviCnieT es Txzuleba, rom
gadavwyviteT, dagvelagebina qronologiuri TanmimdevrobiT da aRgvedgina
Tavdapirveli saxe Txrobisa. Cveni es cda moTavsebulia naSromSi
`saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria~, I, 1996.
eklesiis istoriisaTvis, rogorc aRvniSneT, didi mniSvneloba aqvT da
saistorio TxzulebaTa monacemebs avseben hagiografiuli literaturisa da
sxva wyaroTa monacemebi.
ivane javaxiSvils gamorkveuli aqvs, rom qarTuli samoqalaqo saistorio
dargi qarTul saeklesio mwerlobisagan ganviTarda da warmoiSva. `amis gamo
visac qarTuli saistorio mwerlobis ganviTarebis Seswavla surs, arc
SeuZlia da arc ufleba aqvs qarTul saeklesio saistorio Zeglebs, qarTvel
martvilTa da wmidanTa cxovrebebs, gverdi auxvios da ganuxilveli
datovos~29.
qarTuli saistorio mwerlobis erT-erT naklad mkvlevars is garemoeba
miaCnda, rom `...Seuswavleli iyo iseTi sayuradRebo Sinaarsiani da
didmniSvnelovani dargi, rogoric aris qarTvel martvilTa da wmidanTa

cxovrebani. amis gamove srulebiT uyuradRebod iyo mitovebuli qarTuli

saeklesio istoria~...29.
qarTuli
eklesiis
istoriis
Cvens
mier
gansaxilveli
periodis
SeswavlisaTvis mniSvnelovan wyaros warmoadgens giorgi mTawmindelis
`cxovreba netarisa mamisa Cuenisa iovanesi da efTmvisi da uwyeba Rirsisa
mis moqalaqobisa maTisa aRwerili glaxakisa giorgis mier xuces
monazonisa~30.
ivane javaxiSvili giorgi mTawmindels uwodebs `gamoCenil istorikoss~
da dasZens: `giorgi mTawmindeli qarTul saistorio mwerlobaSi SesaniSnav
mecnier istorikosad unda CaiTvalos... TiToeuli misi cnoba damyarebulia
utyuar sabuTebze da axlac maTi WeSmaritebis damtkiceba SeiZleba~. amitomac
mecniers misi Txzuleba uaRresi ndobis Rirs, Sinarsian, Rrma, maRal
sazogadoebriv da erovnuli azrebiT gamsWvalul nawarmoebad miaCnda31.
Cveni eklesiis istoriisaTvis mniSvnelovania qarTul-berZnuli saeklesio
urTierTobani X-XI ss da maTi mogvarebis Semdeg saqarTvelos sapatriarqos
uflebaTa aRiareba. berZnul-qarTul saeklesio urTierTobaTa Sesaxeb
upirveles wyarod, rogorc aRiniSna, giorgi mTawmndelis dasaxlebuli Sroma
unda CaiTvalos. gansaxilvel xanaSi berZenma berebma yoveli Rone ixmares,
raTa qarTvelebi daemcirebinaT, aTonidan ganedevnaT da maTi didebuli
lavra-mamulebi CaegdoT xelSi. aTonze anu `wminda mTaze~ ocze meti
monasteri arsebobda. yvela isini, giorgi mTawmindelis sityviT, berZenma
saeklesio
moRvaweebma
TavianTi
boroti
ganzraxvis
ganxorcielebaSi
daixmares. `mTa yoveli TanaSeiwies da saberZneTisa didebulni da palatisa
warCinebulni yovelni midriknes da mravali Sroma da Wiri da ruduneba
Cuenzeda moawies~. aqedan Cans, rom qarTvel saeklesio moRvaweebs ara
mxolod `yoveli mTa~ anu aTonis monastrebi, aramed bizantiis saimperatoro
kari da mTavroba, `saberZneTisa didebulni da palatisa warCinebulni~
devnidnen.
giorgi mTawmindelis mizani yofila aRewera yovelive `raTa eseviTari
boroti, romeli moawies Cvenzeda berZenTa ara daviwyebuli iqnas da kualad
Semdgomad Cuensa momavalni eseviTarsave Wirsa ara STacvivdnen~.
es Txzuleba marto iovanesa da efTvimes moRvaweobas ki ar Seicavs,
aramed agreTve aTonis iverTa monastris Tavgadasavalsac mogviTxrobs misi
daarsebis dRidan.
mainc ra iyo zogadi mizezi berZen da qarTvel saeklesio moRvaweTa
Soris winaaRmdegobisa, ratom devnidnen qarTvelebs ara marto berZeni berebi,
aramed maTTan erTad bizantiis saimperatoro kari da mTavroba?
am kiTxvas uTuod unda gaeces pasuxi. am mxriv mniSvnelovania XI saukunis
meore saeklesio istorikosis giorgi mcires anu xucesmonazonis Sroma,
romelSic man Tavisi moZRvris, giorgi mTawmindelis, cxovreba aRwera32.
T. papuaSvili aRniSnuli drois berZen saeklesio moRvaweTa Sesaxeb wers:
`maT eWvi SeqhondaT qarTvelebis marTlmadideblobaSi da abralebdnen
mwvaleblobas. surdaT daemtkicebinaT qarTvelTa eklesiis damoukideblobis
ukanonoba, aviwroebdnen ucxoeTSi moRvawe qarTvelebs, awiokebdnen qarTul
monastrebs da sxva. amis Sesaxeb kargad mogviTxrobs giorgi mcire
(xucesmonazoni) Tavis TxzulebaSi `cxovreba da moqalaqeoba wmidisa da
netarisa mamisa Cuenisa giorgi mTawmindelisa~33.

giorgi mcires giorgi mTawmindelis cxovreba da moRvaweoba giorgi

SavmTelis davalebiT 1066-1067 wlebSi aRuweria. igi iyo giorgi mTawmindelis
`TualiT mxilveli da xeliT msaxur da yuriT momsmeneli...~
giorgi mcires Sromidan Cans, rom qarTveli berebi idevnebodnen ara
mxolod aTonze, aramed antioqiasa da saerTod, mTel bizantiis imperiaSi.
aqedan SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom devnis mizezs warmoadgenda ara subieqturi
winaaRmdegobani Tu konfliqtebi berZen da qarTvel berebs Soris, aramed
imdroindeli saqarTvelos saxelmwifos
politikuri,
ekonomikuri
da
kulturuli Zliereba, rac `ra Tqma unda, sasurveli ar iqneboda dapyrobiTi
politikis matarebeli iseTi qveynisaTvis, rogoric bizantia iyo~34.
aRniSnulis gamo saWiro iyo urTierTobaTa mogvareba ara romelime
konkretul monastrebs Soris, aramed saxelmwifoebriv doneze. kerZod ki, or
marTlmadideblur eklesias Soris urTierTobaTa mogvarebisaTvis saWiro iyo
molaparakebebis gamarTva ara mxolod konstantinopolSi saimperatoro karze,
aramed imperiis sxva sapatriarqoebSic. rogorc giorgi mciris Sromidan Cans,
antioqiis sapatriarqo karze swored aseT molaparakebebs awarmoebdnen
giorgi mTawmindeli da cnobili diplomati qali, bagrat IV_is deda mariami.
aRsaniSnavia, rom mariamic saeklesio moRvawe iyo, radganac igi monazvnad
akurTxa TviT giorgi mTawmindelma: `ekurTxa mis mier sqemiTa~.
antioqiaSi
TviT
giorgi
mTawmindelis,
mariam
dedoflis,
xolo
konstantinopolSi imave dros (1054-1057 wlebSi) bagrat IV-is yofnis (e. i.
saimperatoro
karze
molaparakebebis)
Semdeg
Sewyda
msoflio
marTlmadideblobis burjebs qarTulsa da berZnul eklesiaTa Soris
winaaRmdegoba. amis Semdeg (XI s. 60-70-iani wlebidan) Sewyda qarTveli
saeklesio
moRvaweebis,
berebis,
moqalaqeebis
aramarTlmadideblebad
gamocxadeba.
aRsaniSnavia, rom giorgi mcire antioqiisa da ierusalimis sapatriarqo
karze giorgi mTawmindelis moRvaweobas mTeli sisruliT ar aRwers. amis
mizezi is unda yofiliyo, rom mas pirdapiri davaleba hqonia micemuli
giorgi Seyenebulis mier, aRewera giorgi mTawmindelis biografia misi
antioqiidan gamgzavrebis Semdeg, ufro ki misi gardacvaleba. giorgi
mTawmindelis moZRvari, cnobili saeklesio avtoriteti giorgi dayudebuli
(Seyenebuli) antioqiaSi moRvaweobda da amitomac kargad icoda antioqiaSi
Tavisi mowafis Rvawlis Sesaxeb. mas orgzis werilobiT uTxovia giorgi
mcirisaTvis aRewera mxolod zemoaRniSnuli periodi giorgi mTawmindelis
cxovrebisa, kerZod, misi moRvaweoba antioqiidan wasvlis Semdeg.
ivane javaxiSvili wers, `rasakvirvelia giorgi mTawmindelis Sesaxeb
avtors yvelaferi ar mouTxria. man gacilebiT meti icis da mxolod
zogierTs gviambobs~.
`davidumo simravlisagan... martivad da sul mcired aRvwero... warmovTqu
friad mokled da sul mcired...~, miuxedavad aseTi midgomisa, giorgi mcirem
mainc aRniSna antioqiis sapatriarqoSi giorgi mTawmindelis cnobili
paeqroba. giorgi mTawmindelma yuradReba daimsaxura TviT antioqiis
patriarqebisac ki, magaliTad petresi (1052-1057) da Teodosisa (1057-1060),
ukanasknelTan mas qarTvelTa saeklesio damoukideblobis Sesaxeb cxare
kamaTic ki hqonia 1057 w. da didi STabeWdilebac mouxdenia.

aRniSnuli xanis eklesiis istoriisaTvis didi mniSvneloba eniWeba

saeklesio dokumentur wyaroebs, romelTa gareSec SeuZlebelia qarTuli
eklesiis istoriis srulfasovani asaxva. gansakuTrebiT kaTalikos-patriarqTa
titulaturis dazustebisas, qarTlisa da afxazeTis kaTalikosTa Soris
uxucesoba-umrwemesobis gansazRvrisas, msoflio marTlmadideblur diptiqSi
qarTuli eklesiis adgilis gansazRvrisas da sxva.
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis Cvens mier gansaxilvel I periods,
SeiZleba iTqvas, amTavrebs efrem mcire Tavisi TxzulebiT, romelic
garkveuli TvalsazrisiT saqarTvelos eklesiis mokle istorias warmoadgens.
esaa - `uwyeba mizezsa qarTvelTa moqcevisasa, Tu romelTa wignTa Sina
moixsenebis~ (Tb. 1959). aq avtori exeba qarTvelTa moqcevisa da mironis
kurTxevis sakiTxs berZnul wyaroebze dayrdnobiT. berZnebi uaryofdnen
qarTuli eklesiis damoukideblobas, imitom, rom maTi azriT, saqarTveloSi
ar uqadagia arc erT mociquls. efremi berZnuli wyaroebis moSveliebiT
abaTilebs am azrs. aseve arkvevs, rom qarTvelebs TviTneburad arc
kaTalikosobis instituti SemouRiaT da arc mironis kurTxevis ufleba
miuTvisebiaT. es ufleba yvela eklesiisaTvis miucia qalkedonis krebis
gadawyvetilebas. k. kekeliZis azriT, efremis cnobebi legendarulia, `vinaidan
legendaruli iyo is wyaroebi, saidanac es cnobebi amouRia mas~35.
II periodi (XII-XVIII ss.)
(ruis-urbnisis krebidan avtokefaliis gauqmebamde)
`qarTlis cxovrebis~ krebulSi Sesulia Txzuleba `cxovreba mefeT-mefisa
daviTisi~36, Txzulebis avtori aRwerili ambebis Tanamedrove da mefesTan
daaxloebuli piria37. zogierTi mkvlevaris TvalsazrisiT, naSromis avtoria
arsen beri. igi s. kakabaZisa da k. kekeliZis azriT, daviT aRmaSeneblis
mematiane unda iyos. arsen beri XI s. II naxevrisa da XII s. naxevris moRvawea,
daviT aRmaSeneblis sulieri moZRvari. T Jordania, g. WiWinaZe, a. xaxanaSvili,
i. lolaSvili arsen bers arsen iyalToelad miiCneven. CvenTvis arsen beri
sainteresoa imiT, rom igi saqarTvelos eklesiis mokle istoriis avtoria,
unda iTqvas, rom Cveni eklesiis II periodis dasawyisSi qarTuli eklesiis
istoriis kvlevas arsenis am SromiT Caeyara safuZveli. arsenma Cveni eklesiis
mokle istoria wmida ninos cxovrebas daurTo. rogorc cnobilia, wmida
ninos cxovrebis uZvelesi Satberdul-WeliSuri redaqciis Taviseburi
gadakeTebis Sedegad leonti mrovelma misi axali redaqcia mogvca. arsen bers
miaCnda, rom Zveli redaqciebis nakls qronologiuri Tanmimdevrobis
uqonloba warmoadgenda. man gaiTvaliswina es da wmida ninos cxovrebis
axali, ukve metafrasuli redaqcia mogvca38. Tumca SesaZlebelia isic, rom
arsen beri ar icnobda leonti mrovelis redaqcias da igi mxolod sxva
uZveles redaqciebs eyrdnoboda. arsen beri wmida ninos cxovrebisaTvis
darTuli qarTuli eklesiis istoriis gadmocemisas wyarod `qarTlis
cxovrebis~ wigns asaxelebs, aseve wm. ninos cxovrebisaTvis mas gamouyenebia
`moqceva qarTlisa~ da `hambavi mefeTa~. arsens, Cans, aseve usargeblia efrem
mciris TxzulebiT `uwyeba mizezsa qarTvelTa moqcevisasa~. mas gamoyenebuli
aqvs mTawmindelTa gamonaTqvamebi qarTvelTa ubiwo sarwmunoebis Sesaxeb,
amasTanave igi akritikebs im berZen saeklesio moRvaweebs, romelTac Tavis

droze politikuri viTarebis gamwvavebis gamo amaSi eWvi SehqondaT.

aRsaniSnavia, rom `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Sesavlisagan gansxvavebiT, romelsac
rogorc cnobilia, garkveuli armenofiluri tendencia axasiaTebs, arsen
beris Txzuleba am naklisagan sruliad Tavisufalia. arseni yofila efrem
mcires
mowafe,
rogorc
aRiniSna,
zogierTi
istorikosi
mas
arsen
iyalToelTan aigivebs. arsen iyalToelma (gardaicvala XII s. I meoTxedSi)
Targmna giorgi amartolis `xronografi~, patriarqi fotiosis `didi
sjuliskanoni~ da rac gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia, krebuli `dogmatikoni~,
saRvismetyvelo-polemikuri Txzuleba antimonofizituri xasiaTisa. unda
vifiqroT, rom misi moRvaweobis dros iyalTos akademiaSi qarTuli eklesiis
istoriis Seswavlas saTanado yuradReba eqceoda iseve, rogorc gelaTis
akademiaSi.
XII_XIII ss. istorikosTa SromebSi saeklesio istoria qveynisa da eris
istoriasTan erTad gadmoicema. am drosac, rogorc wina saukuneebSi,
istorikosTa da mweralTa umravlesoba sasuliero pirebi iyvnen. imdroindel
mweralTaTvis damaxasiaTebeli iyo uaRresad ganviTarebuli erovnuli
TviTSegneba da RvTismoSiSeba, maTi TvalsazrisiT, omSi damarcxeba, mtris
Semoseva, qveynis aoxreba da sxva ubedurebani codvaTa Sedegi iyo da uflis
mier xalxis mosaqcevad movlenil sasjelebs warmoadgenda.
Tamaris istorikosTa nawarmoebebi - `istoriani da azmani SaravandedTani~
da
basili
ezosmoZRvris
`cxovreba
mefeT-mefisa
Tamarisi~,
msgavsi
suliskveTebiTaa dawerili, isini Sedian `qarTlis cxovrebis~ krebulSi39,
maTSi saeklesio pirTa, ierarqTa da kaTalikosTa moRvaweoba cocxali
TxrobiTaa gadmocemuli. `qarTlis cxovrebis~ krebulSi Sedis aseve laSa
giorgisdroindeli mematianis Txzuleba mdidari qronologiuri monacemebiT.
XII saukuneSi SeudgeniaT `qarTlis cxovrebis~ krebuli. XVI s-Si
krebulSi SeutaniaT XII-XIV saukuneTa istoriis amsaxveli Txzulebebi:
Tamaris anonimi istorikosis `istoriani da azmani SaravandedTani~ da
JamTaaRmwerlis `monRolTa droindeli istoria~. aseTi saxiT yofila
Sedgenili es krebuli vaxtang VI dromde40. zogierT Txzulebas am
krebulidan `wmida~ da `patiosan~ wigns uwodebdnen.
XIV s. istorikosi, pirobiTad `JamTaaRmwerlad~ wodebuli, uaRresad
RvTis moSiSi moRvawea, romlis mizansac movlenebis miudgomlad da
obieqturad aRwera warmoadgens. misi azriT, `JamTaaRmwerloba WeSmaritebis
metyveleba ars da ara Tvalabma visTvisme~. igi icnobda msoflio istorias,
qarTul, berZnul, sparsul da monRolur wyaroebs, kritikulad udgeboda
maT. misi SexedulebiT, saqarTvelos mooxrebis mizezi iyo `risxva zegardamo
usjuloebaTa da codvaTa CvenTaTvis~.
XII saukunis istorikosi kaTalikosi nikoloz gulaberis Ze TxzulebaSi
`sakiTxavi suetisa cxovelisa, kvarTisa sauflosa da kaTolike eklesiisa~
qaruli
eklesiis
istoriis
umTavres
sakiTxebs
Seexo.
man
aRwera
sveticxovlis mravali saswauli, Zvel matianeebze dayrdnobiT gadmosca
wmida ninos cxovreba da qarTlis moqceva. misi Txzuleba Seicavs istoriul
cnobebs qarTvelTa gaqristianebis istoriidan. nikoloz gulaberisZis
TvalsazrisiT, radgan saqarTvelo `nawili iyo dedisa RvTisa~, amitomac
macxovarma saxarebis saqadageblad mis nacvlad dedakacive warmoavlina
CvenSi. misi SefasebiT qarTvelebi `bunebiT sadagni da martivni da gonebiT

wrfelni, simarTlisa cxovrebisasa da uRlisa umankoebisasa mzidvelni,

mxolod RmerTisa oden da mklavisa Tvisisa mosavni~ varT. nikoloz
gulaberisZe gvamcnobs, rom sarwmunoebrivi da saeklesio memkvidreoba
qarTvel episkoposTa kurTxevas sveticxovlis taZarSi moiTxovs: `esre yofil
ars dasabamiTgan, raTa kurTxevadni episkopozni winaSe suetisa cxovelisa
movidodian
da
aRTqmasa
hyofdian
mravalsa
sarwmunoebisaTvis
da
erTgulebisaTvis kaTolike eklesiisa da Tavisa sulisa dadebisaTvis vidre
sisxlTa daTxevadmde patriarqisaTvis da saRmrToTa wesTa dacvisaTvis~41.
saeklesio wyaros warmoadgens tbeTis episkoposis abuseriZe tbelis
Txzuleba `saswaulni wmidisa mTavarmowamisa giorgisani~. saerTod qarTveli
mRvdelmTavrebi
gansaxilvel
xanaSi
xSirad
eklesiisaTvis
saWiro
TxzulebaTa avtorebic iyvnen. aseTia ioane anCeli-mTavarepiskoposi, Tamaris
mefobisas, kaTalikosi arsen bulmaisimisZe (XIII s.), karis (yarsis) episkoposi
saba svingelozi (XII s.), nikoloz, qarTvelTa mnaTobi (XIV s.), samTavisis
episkoposi kvipriane (samTavneli, XVIII s.), nikoloz rusTveli (XVIII s.),
mitropoliti romanozi (XVIII s.), kaTalikosi besarion baraTaSvilorbeliSvili (XVIII s.), avtori mravali saeklesio-saistorio Txzulebisa,
mitropoliti timoTe gabaSvili (XVIII s.), avtori cnobili Txzulebisa
`mimoxilva wmidaTa da sxvaTa aRmosavleTisa adgilTa~; nekreseli episkoposidosiTeoz nekreseli (XVIII s.) - filosofosi; kaTalikosi anton pirveli,
mnaTobi saqarTvelos eklesiisa - avtori mravali, maT Soris saistoriodogmatikuri Txzulebisa, mitropoliti iona gedevaniSvili (XVIII s.),
nekreseli episkoposi - ambrosi miqaZe (XVIII s.) - mqadagebeli; cagareli
episkoposi, Semdeg Wyondideli antoni-mWermetyvelebiT ganTqmuli da sxvani,
samefo ojaxidan (bagrationTa saxlidan) gamosuli mravali sasuliero piri,
iseve rogorc berebi, mRvdlebi Tu monazvnebi eklesiisaTvis uaRresad saWiro
Txzulebebs qmnidnen.
eklesiis istoriisaTvis mniSvnelovan wyaroebs warmoadgenen kanonikuri
samarTlis Zeglebi. eqvTime mTawmindelis `mcire sjuliskanonis~ Semdeg,
romelic saeklesio, samoqalaqo da sisxlis samarTlis kanonmdeblobis
erTgvar enciklopedias warmoadgens, arsen iyalToelis mier msoflio
saeklesio samarTlis ZiriTadi kodeqsis `didi sjuliskanonis~ Targmnas
udidesi
mniSvneloba
hqonda
eklesiis
praqtikuli
da
kanonikuri
42
saqmianobisaTvis . msgavsi mniSvneloba aqvs procesualuri samarTlis
Zeglebs (mag.: bagrat IV-is cnobili `opizis sigeli~ da sxva), monasterTa
tipikonebs, giorgi brwyinvalis dros SeudgeniaT `xelmwifis karis garigeba~,
romelic aCvenebs, rom qveunis marTva-gamgeobis saqmes mefesTan erTad
umaRlesi
saeklesio
xelisuflebac
edga
saTaveSi.
esenia
oTxi
didxarisxovani beri anu monazoni-moZRvarTmoZRvari, Wyondideli, kaTolikosi
qarTlisa
da
kaTalikosi
afxazeTisa43.
saeklesio
samarTlis
gasaTvaliswineblad didi mniSvneloba aqvT qarul saeklesio krebaTa
dadgenilebebs, isini savaldebulo iuridiuli normebis xasiaTs iRebdnen.
aseTia ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebis (1103 w.) Zegliswera, XVI s.
`sakaTalikozo kanonebi~, romelnic qarTlis kaTalikosis malaqiasa (1531-1549)
da afxazeTis kaTalikosis evdemon I CxetiZis (1543-1578) dros Seudgenia
imereTSi mowveul saeklesio krebas. msgavsi mniSvneloba hqonda 1748, 1755, 1756,
1762 wlis saeklesio krebaTa dadgenilebebs da sxvadasxva xasiaTis Zeglebs.

XVIII s. I meoTxedSi qarTlis samefos karze Sedga e. w. `swavlul kacTa

komisia~ beri egnataSvilis meTaurobiT, romelsac daevala `qarTlis
cxovrebis~ redaqtireba gamarTva da gagrZeleba. komisiam nayofierad iRvawa
da `qarTlis cxovreba~ Seavso qarTul wyaroebSi daculi im cnobebiT,
romelnic Seexebodnen saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis im mniSvnelovan
movlenebs, romelnic manamde an saerTod ar iyvnen Setanilni, an kidev
saTanado yuradreba ar hqondaT daTmobili. sexnia CxeiZis saistorio
Txzuleba,
iseve
rogorc
misi
winamorbedi
istorikosis
farsadan
gorgijaniZisa, umTavresad qarTvelebis sparseTSi moRvaweobis istorias
aRwers. papuna orbeliani da oman xerxeuliZe agrZeleben mis Sromas.
udidesi
mniSvnelobis
mecnieruli
memkvidreoba
datova
vaxuSti
bagrationma. misi `saqarTvelos cxovreba~ Cveni qveynis istorias mTliani,
ganzogadoebuli saxiT gadmogvcems da eklesiis istoriisaTvis saWiro
cnobebis siuxviT gamoirCeva.
III periodi (XIX_XX)
(avtokefaliis gauqmebidan dRemde)
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis III periodSi kritikulad iqna Seswavlili
pirvel or periodSi dagrovili masala da sistematuri saxiT iqna
warmodgenili saqarTvelos eklesiis warsuli cxovreba. XIX saukunemde
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria, rogorc damoukidebeli naSromi faqtiurad
ar dawerila. zemoT ganxiluli salome ujarmelis, arsen beris, nikoloz
gulaberisZis Sromebi umetesad qarTlis moqcevisa da qarTuli eklesiis
daarsebis sakiTxebs exebian, xolo sxva wyaroebSi arsebuli cnobebi SeiZleba
eklesiis istoriasTan dakavSirebuli faqtebis Segrovebad CavTvaloT.
saeklesio- istoriuli masalis mogroveba da maTi damuSavebis pirveli cdebi
daedo safuZvlad gansaxilvel III periodSi saqarTvelos eklesiis warsuli
cxovrebis sistematuri saxiT gadmocemas.
qarTuli eklesiis istoriis Sesaxeb pirveli monografia cnobilma
istorikosma platon ioselianma (1809-1875) gamoaqveyna 1843 wels rusul enaze ` ~, spb. 1843. rogorc wignis saTaurSivea
aRniSnuli,
es
naSromi
Cveni
eklesiis
istorias
marTlac
mokled
mogviTxrobs. amasTanave, ZvelqarTul saistorio mecnierebaze dayrdnobiT
grZeldeba saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis ara damoukideblad, aramed erisa
da qveynis istoriasTan mTlianobaSi gadmocemis mcdeloba. aseTia ioane
batoniSvilis (1772-1836) - `kalmasoba~, Tavisi drois enciklopedia, daviT
batoniSvilis (1769-1819) Txzulebani, e.w. Teimuraziseuli `qarTlis cxovreba~,
romelSic uxvadaa CarTuli cnobebi qarTuli eklesiis Sesaxeb.
aRsaniSnavia, rom am redaqcias `qarTlis cxovrebisa~ armenofiluri
Sesavali aRar aqvs, piriqiT, aq Targamosis STamomavalTa Soris upirvelesad
ara haosi, aramed qarTlosia warmodgenili. Teimuraz batoniSvili (1782-1846)
Tavisi drois cnobili mecnieri, peterburgis saimperatoro mecnierebaTa
akademiis sapatio wevri iyo. 1848 wels sanktpeterburgSi dastambuli misi
wigni `istoria dawyebiTgan iveriisa, ese ars saqarTveloisa~ zemoaRniSnuli
suliskveTebiTaa dawerili. e. i. xazgasmiT araarmenofiluria. aRsaniSnavia
mari broses (1802-1880), daviT CubinaSvilis (1814-1891) Txzulebani.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom erTgvari samecniero aRmavlobis niSniT warimarTa
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis Seswavlis saqme XIX s-Si. amis mizezi iyo is,

rom moispo saqarTvelos eklesiis TavisTavadoba avtokefalia, ramac

qarTvelTa Soris dabada survili misi istoriis Seswavlis gziT qarTuli
eklesiis avtoritetis amaRlebisa, raTa rogorc qarTvelTaTvis, aseve
araqarTvelTaTvisac warmoCeniliyo Cveni eklesiis warsuli dideba da
aTaswlovani istoria. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT Rvawlmosilia istorikosi
miqael (gobron) sabinini (sabinaSvili). igi Seudga qarTuli eklesiis
istoriis gulmodgine Seswavlis rTul saqmes da 1877 wels gamosca
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria, romelSic Txroba VI s. bolomde miiyvana44,
xolo misi qarTvel wmidanTa cxovreba `saqarTvelos samoTxe~ 1882 w.
daibeWda. 1886 wels TbilisSi daistamba mose janaSvilis `saqarTvelos
saeklesio istoria~, romelic aseve Cveni eklesiis warsul cxovrebas mokled
gadmogvcems.
did mniSvnelovania T. Jordanias mier dastambuli qronikebi I, 1892, II, 1897;
dimitri baqraZis (1827-1890) gamokvlevebi.
rogorc aRiniSna, XIX saukunemde qarTuli eklesiisadmi miZRvnili calke
monografia ar dawerila, amitomac zemoaRniSnul avtorTa Sromebi pirvelni
iyvnen da am mxriv gansakuTrebiT arian dasafasebelni.
XIX saukunis bolosa da XX s. dasawyisSi qarTuli eklesiis istoriis
Seswavla gansakuTrebiT aqtualuri gaxda. radganac ruseTis 1905-1907 wlis
revoluciis dros saqarTvelos sazogadoebriobam ruseTis wminda sinodis
winaSe kategoriulad dasva qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis
sakiTxi. am dros Seiqmna T. Jordanias, k. cincaZis, n. durnovos, m.
kelenjeriZis da n. maris monografiebi, romlebSic qarTuli eklesiis
avtokefaliis
aRdgenis
kanoniereba
iyo
dasabuTebuli.
am
mxriv
gansakuTrebiTaa aRsaniSnavi avtokefaliis sakiTxebisadmi miZRvnili s.
giorgaZisa da sxva avtorTa werilebi, romlebic imdroindel JurnalgazeTebSi daistamba.
1901 wels episkoposma kirionma rusul enaze gamosca naSromi `qarTuli
eklesiisa
da
saegzarqosos
istoriis
mokle
narkvevi
XIX
s-Si~.
gansakuTrebiTaa aRsaniSnavi qarTuli eklesiis ganmazogadebeli monografia
m. TamaraSvilisa, gamocemuli romSi 1902 wels frangul enaze (Tbilisi, 1990),
ufro adre patrma TamaraSvilma gamosca `istoria kaTolikobisa qarTvelTa
Soris~, xolo 1904 wels `pasuxi somxis mwerlebs~. n. marma 1907 wels
`cerkovnie vedemostSi~ gamoaqveyna naSromi `qarTuli eklesiis istoriuli
narkvevi~ (rus. enaze). al. cagarelma (1844-1929), qarTuli eklesiis
avtokefaliisaTvis
Tavdadebulma
profesorma,
krebuli
`statiebi
da
SeniSvnebi qarTuli saeklesio sakiTxisaTvis~ (rus. enaze, peterb. 1812) da sxva
werilebi gamoaqveyna.
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenisTanave gamoica evsevi
nikolaZis gamokvleva `saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria~ (1918, quTaisi) da
meliton kelenjeriZis `saqarTvelos eklesiis mokle istoria~ (quTaisi, 1918
weli). saqarTveloSi sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebis Semdeg eklesiis
istoriis Seswavlis saqme Seferxda, miuxedavad amisa qarTvel mecnierTa
SromebSi calkeuli sakiTxebi amomwuravad iqna Seswavlili.
kvlevis maRal, Tanamedrove safexurze ayvana ivane javaxiSvilis
saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli, man gaanaliza CvenSi qristianobis gavrcelebis,
misi saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad aRiarebis, qarTvel-somexTa saeklesio

urTierTobaTa da sxva sakiTxebi. fasdaudebelia k. kekeliZis Rvawli

eklesiis istoriis, saeklesio mwerlobis, bibliografiis, homiletikis,
kanonikis, liturgikis, sasuliero poeziisa da sxvaTa Seswavlis saqmeSi.
eklesiis istoriis kvlevisaTvis masalebi daamuSaves s. janaSiam, n.
berZeniSvilma, s. kakabaZem, m. lorTqifaniZem, S. mesxiam, a. bogveraZem, z.
aleqsiZem sxva mecnierebma da mkvlevarebma. gansakuTrebiTaa aRsaniSnavi p.
ingoroyvas monografiebi da Sromebi. eklesiis istorias ikvlevdnen qarTveli
ierarqiebi da sasuliero pirebi: patriarqebi kalistrate cincaZe, wm. ambrosi
xelaia, arqimandriti grigol feraZe da sxvebi.
b. lominaZe Tavis naSromSi `saqarTvelos sapatriarqo da misi
avtokefalia~45 miiCnevs, rom qarTulma eklesiam avtokefalia samjer, V, VIII
da XI ss-Si miiRo. misi azriT, balsamonis cnobili cnoba XI s_Si
avtokefaliis miRebas exeba. v. goilaZem sagangebod Seiswavla wyaroebSi
qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb daculi cnobebi. misi azriT, VIII sSi avtokefalia daudastures ara qarTlis, aramed axladwarmoqmnil qarTuli
saeklesio erTeuls _ afxazeTis sakaTalikosos, xolo XI s_Si ki
saqarTvelos sapatriarqo Camoyalibda. antioqia-ierusalimis patriarqebi
dosiTeosi da xrisanfi, XVII s. moRvaweni, afxazeTis sakaTalikosos `qvemo
iberiis saarqiepiskoposos~ uwodebdnen, xolo qarTlis sakaTalikosos ki _
`zemo iberiisas~. antioqia _ ierusalimis patriarqTa es cnobebi moyvanili
aqvs saqarTvelos eklesiisadmi miZRvnil naSromSi berZen mitropolits
maqsimes46. igi ganixilavs qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxs da miaCnia,
rom somxur eklesias VI-VIII saukuneebSi ara mTlian qarTul eklesiaze,
aramed mis nawilze mouxdenia zegavlena, misi azriT, saqarTvelo am dros ara
erTiani, aramed sxvadasxva samTavroebad daSlili qveyana iyo.
aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom XX saukunis qarTuli saero istoriografia
Seecada istoriul mecnierebaSi Canacvleboda saeklesio istoriografias da
misi adgili daekavebina eklesiis istoriis kvlevis sferoSi. saero da
saeklesio istoriografiis monacemebi umeteswilad urTierTsawinaaRmdego
aRmoCndnen. saqme isaa, rom qarTuli saeklesio istoriografia XIX s-Si
qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebis Semdeg ufunqciod darCa da Cakvda
(mxolod erTeuli Tavdadebuli moRvaweebi agrZelebdnen mis aTaswlovn
tradiciebs). meore mxriv, qarTulma saero istoriografiam, romelic XX
saukuneSi ver acda aTeistur da rusul imperialistur dakveTebs, aseve
mTlianad ugulebelyo qarTuli saeklesio istoriografia, gamoucxada mis
monacemebs undobloba viTarca `aramecnieruls~, Tumca zogierT SemTxvevaSi
mTlianad miisakuTra misi monacemebi. kerZod, ra winaaRmdegobaa saero da
saeklesio istoriografias Soris? esaa grZeli sia, romelTagan SeiZleba
gamovyoT
zogierTi:
1.
saeklesio
istoriografia
amtkicebda,
rom
saqarTveloSi mociqulebma iqadages (saero XX s. dasawyisidan sapirispiros
amtkicebda); 2. saeklesio istoriografiis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelo (qarTlis
samefo), rogorc farnavazis, ise mociqulTa dros moicavda aRmosavleTTan
erTad dasavleT saqarTvelos, rom mefe mirianis dros qarTlis samefos
Crdilo-dasavleTis sazRvari gadioda mdinare egriswyalze, xolo vaxtang
gorgasalis dros ki mdinare klisuraze, Sesabamisad qarTuli eklesiis
iurisdiqciaSi moqceuli iyo dasavleT saqarTveloc IV-V ss-Si. (saero
istoriografiis Tanaxmad ki aRmosavleTi da dasavleTi saqarTvelo

sxvadasxva qveynebi iyvnen, ix. qvemoT mtkiceba); 3. saeklesio istoriografiis

Tanaxmad,
wmida
nino
aris
ara
mxolod
aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos
ganmanaTlebeli, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelosic (saero am Tvalsazriss
uaryofs); 4. saeklesio istoriografiis Tanaxmad, mironi saqarTveloSi IV-V
saukuneebidanve ekurTxeboda (saeros azriT, IX s-dan); 5. saeklesio
istoriografiis Tanaxmad qarTveli eri ukve Camoyalibebuli iyo mefe
farnavazis dros (saeros Tanaxmad igi Camoyalibda XI-XIX ss., erTiani
mosazreba ar arsebobs); 6. saeklesio istoriografiis Tanaxmad (wm. giorgi
mTawmideli) qarTuli eklesia Tavisufali (avtokefaluri) iyo mociqulTa
mier Camoyalibebis Semdegve (saeros Tanaxmad man avtokefalia miiRo V, VIII,
anda XI saukuneebSi); 7. saeklesio istoriografiis Tanamxad wmida mefe
vaxtang gorgasali marTlmadidebeli qristiani iyo (saero mecnierTa erTi
nawili mas minofizitad miiCnevs); 8. saeklesio istoriografiis Tanaxmad
asureli mamebi diofizitebi iyvnen (saero mecnierTa gavleniani nawilis
azriT isini monofizitebi iyvnen); 9. saeklesio istoriografiis Tanaxmad, VIIX saukuneebSi jer iranelebma, Semdeg ki arabebma, romelnic gamZafrebiT
ebrZodnen bizantiur (e.i. diofizitur) qristinobas da, Sesabamisad, qarTul
eklesias,
saqarTvelos
periferiul
kuTxeebSi
gaabatones
somxuri
monofizituri eklesia (VI s-Si qvemo qarTlSi (gugarqSi), VI-VII saukuneebSi
taoSi, VI-IX ss-Si - hereTSi), am kuTxeebis eklesiebSi qarTulis nacvlad
SemoRebuli iqna somxurenovani msaxureba. xelsayreli politikuri momentis
dadgomis Tanave jer kirion I kaTalikosis dros gugarq-qvemo qarTlis
eklesiebSi aRdgenili iqna mosaxleobisaTvis mSobliuri qarTulenovani
RvTismsaxureba, Semdeg ki grigol xanZTelis epoqaSi tao-klarjeTsa da
dinara dedoflis dros ki TiTqosda hereTSic (saero istoriografiis
Tanaxmad ki kirion kaTalikosma qvemo qarTlis somexTa Soris danerga
qarTulenovani RvTismaxureba da `gaaqarTvela~ isini, aseve mesxeTSi
TiTqosda grigol xanZTelis epoqaSi qarTulma eklesiam Zaladobis gziT
`gaaqarTvela~ somxebi, aseve hereTSic, rac eklesiuri TvalsazrisiT sruli
gaugebrobaa. e.w. somexTa `gaqarTvelebis~ araswori Teoria amJamad mTlianad
aRiarebulia qarTuli saero istoriografiis mier; 10. msgavsadve, rogorc
aRiniSna, saeklesio istoriografia miiCnevs, rom IV-V saukuneebSi dasavleT
saqarTvelo Sedioda mcxeTis iurisdiqciaSi, mxolod Semdgom, kerZod, VII s.
20-iani wlebidan politikur mizeTa gamo aq gavrcelda konstantinopolis
iurisdiqcia da qarTulis nacvlad SemoRebul iqna berZnulenovani wirvalocva. VIII s-dan afxazeTis sakaTalikosos warmoqmnis Semdeg ki kvlav
aRsdga qarTulenovani wirva-locva da berZnuli saepiskoposoebic gauqmda
(saeros
Tanaxmad
Tavidanve
e.i.
IV
s-danve,
dasavleT
saqarTvelo
konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda da aq qarTuli ena mxolod IX sdan gavrcelda) da sxva uamravi.
zemoaRniSnulis erTi TvalnaTeli magaliTia axlaxan (2001 wlis
dasawyisSi) n.lomouris mier gamoqveynebuli Sromebi, esenia `qristianobis
saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadeba~ da `saqarTvelos eklesia da misi
avtokefalia~. avtori wers: `rodesac moxda qristianobis damkvidreba
saqarTveloSi da saerTod amierkavkasiaSi, saqarTvelo warmodgenili iyo ori
politikuri erTeuliT: aRmosavleT saqarTvelo, e.i. qarTlis anu iberiis
samefo da dasavleT saqarTvelo, e.i. egrisis anu lazikis samefo. am or
saxelmwifoebriv erTeulSi politikuri, social-ekonomikuri da kulturuli

viTareba sakmao gansxvavebuli iyo da, Sesabamisad, qristianobis gavrceleba

da saboloo damkvidreba sxvadasxva gziT da sxvadasxva situaciaSi
xdeboda~47. e.i. wm. nino mxolod aRmosavleT saqarTvelos ganmanaTlebeli
iyo, radgan dasavleT saqarTveloSi sxva gziT Semovida qristianobao.
es daskvna ewinaaRmdegeba qarTul saeklesio istriografiaSi miRebul
saeklesio krebaTa, kerZod ki ruis-urbnisis krebis mier dadgenil debulebas
aRniSnul
sakiTxze
da
agreTve,
saerTod
qarTvel
wmida
mamaTa,
istoriografTa da mematianeTa mier tradiciulad gansazRvrul Tvalsazriss.
ruis-urbnisis
krebis
RvTivganbrZnobil
da
wmida
mamaTa
TqmiT,
saqarTvelo erTiani, mTliani qveyana iyo, rogorc andria pirvelwodebuli
mociqulis, ise wmida ninos qadagebaTa dros, amitomac, rogorc wm. andria,
ise wm. nino arian sruliad saqarTvelos da mTeli qarTveli eris
ganmanaTlebelni, ai, aqve moviyvanT Sesabamis amonarids ruis-urbnisis
Zeglisweridan jer Zvel qarTul, Semdeg ki axal qarTul enaze, raTa
mkiTxveli TviTon darwmundes: `pirvelwodebuli andria, Zma Tavisa
mociqulTasa petresi, vidre Cuendamdeca moiwia da qadaga sacxorebeli
qadageba saxarebisa yovelsa queyanasa saqarTvelosasa da uricxuni
simravleni erTani ganaSora sacTurisagan....~48. aqedan naTlad Cans, rom ruisurbnisis krebis dadgenilebis Sesabamisad andria pirvelwodebulma iqadaga
ara
mxolod
dasavleT
saqarTveloSi,
aramed
`yovelsa
qveyanasa
saqarTveloisasa~, e.i. sruliad saqarTveloSi, msgavsadve wmida ninom ruisurbnisis krebis Tanaxmad `sarwmunoebasa mimarT Tvisisa miizida yoveli
savsebai yovlisa qarTvelTa naTesavisa~49. e.i. am krebas miaCnia, rom wmida
ninom mTeli qarTveli eri (`yoveli savseba yovlisa qarTvelTa naTesavisa~)
gaaqristiana. SeiZleba vinmem Tqvas, am `yovelTa qarTvelTaSi~ dasavleT
saqarTvelo ar igulisxmeba, da am krebis mamebi swored ver sazRvravdnen
qarTvelTa vinaobaso, rasac ver daveTanxmebiT, radganac am krebis
Zeglisweris erT-erTi mTavari xelismomweria giorgi Wyondideli episkoposi
da kreba cxadia `yovelTa qarTvelTaSi~ samegrelos da sruliad
saqarTvelos mosaxleobas gulisxmobda, sadac iqadaga kidec berZnuli
wyaroebis mixedviTac wmida ninom, ronmelsac qvemoT SevexebiT. igive ruisurbnisis kreba mefe mirianTan dakavSirebiT wers: `naTel iRon man da
yovelman erman qarTlisaman~50. `qarTlis cxovrebis~ kerZod ki Cveni udidesi
saeklesio istorikosis leonti mroveli episkoposis Tanaxmad mefe mirianis
samefoSi aRmosavleTTan erTad dasavleT saqarTveloc `egrisic~ Sedioda:
`mefobda esreT mirian mcxeTiT gaRmarT qarTls, somxiTs, rans, hereTs,
movakans da egrs~51.
ruis-urbnisis krebis Zeglisweris axali qarTuli Sesabamisi teqsti
aseTia: `mociqulTagan erTi - pirvelwodebuli andria, mociqulTa Tavis,
petres
Zma
Cvenamde
movida,
saxarebis
sacxonebeli
qadageba
mTel
52
saqarTveloSi iqadaga~ . am krebis gansazRvrebiT, wmida ninom `Tavisi
sarwmunoebis mimarT miizida qarTvelTa sruli modgma~52, wmida mefe mirianis
dros `naTeli iRo man da mTelma qarTvelma erma~52.
ai, esaa saeklesio istoriografiis mtkiceba, rom rogorc andria
pirvelwodebulis, ise wmida ninos dros naTeliRo mTelma erma. es
Tvalsazrisi savsebiT gansxvavdeba baton nodar lomouris Tvalsazrisisagan,

rom TiTqosda aRniSnul epoqaSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi qristianoba sul

sxva gziTa da sxva viTarebaSi dainerga. sxvaTa Soris batoni nodar
lomouris Teoria, romelic mecnierebaSi axal sityvad miiCneva, ara Tu Zalze
hgavs, aramed imeorebs kidec XV saukuneSi antioqiis patriarq mixeilis
Teorias.
didi ivane javaxiSvilis sityviT, saqarTveloSi Camosulma antioqiis
patriarqma mixeilma `SeTxza Teoria saqarTvelos eklesiis mTlianobis
dasarRvevad, qarTveli eris saukeTeso SvilTa saukunovani brZoliT
miRweuli monapovris, saqarTvelos eklesiis Tavisuflebis mosaspobad, misi
erTianobis dasarRvevad~53. raTa advilad daemorCilebina. es Teoria SemdegSi
mdgomareobs - TiTqosda andria mociquli ganmanaTlebelia ara sruliad
saqarTvelosi, aramed mxolod misi dasavleT nawilisa, aseve wmida nino
ganmanaTlebelia ara sruliad saqarTvelos, aramed mxolod misi aRmosavleT
nawilisa. ivane javaxiSvili wers: `giorgi mTawmideli da gansakuTrebiT
efrem mcire, ruis-urbnisis 1103 wlis saeklesio krebis yvela sulisCamdgmeli
da nikoloz kaTalikosi amtkiceben, rom andria mociqulma iqadaga `yovelsa
qveyanasa saqarTveloisasa~, xolo Semdgom qristianoba kvlav aRadgina wmida
ninom, romlis saswaulmoqmedebam da qadagebam `miizida yoveli savseba
yovlisa qarTvelTa naTesavisa~, nikoloz kaTalikosic wmida ninos saerTo
mociqulad da ganmanaTleblad sTvlida, `Cven qarTvelTaisa~54. erTi sityviT,
andria mociulica da wmida ninoc saerTo qarTuli eklesiis damaarseblad
da mTeli eris ganmanaTleblad iyvnen cnobilni, saqarTvelos sxvadasxva
nawilebis calke mqadageblebis gamoZebnis survilic ar hqoniaT, radgan isini
mTliani da ganuyofeli saqarTvelos ganmtkicebisa da aRorZinebisaTvis
iRwvodnen. antioqiel-ierusalimeli patriarqi mixeili, swored am qarTvel
saxelovan mecnierTa mier Seqmnilsa da mTeli qarTveli erisagan
Sesisxlxorcebul Semecnebas spobda~55.
samwuxaroa, rom Zvel qarTvel `saxelovan mecnierTa~ (iv. javaxiSvilis
sityvebia) mier Cvendami boZebul Semecnebas spobs zogierTi axali qarTveli
mecnieri. maTgan gansxvavebiT, jer kidev saukunis dasawyisSi gaarkvia ivane
javaxiSvilma, rom `qronologiuradac qristianobis gavrcelebis dasawyisi
aRmosavleTsa da dasavleT saqarTveloSi rogorc etyoba, erTsa da imave
xanas unda vigulisxmoT, am mxriv gansakuTrebiTYyuradRebis Rirsia gelasi
kvizikelis moTxroba. mas iberTa moqcevis ambavSi naTqvami aqvs `amave dros
pontos gaswvriv mdebare qveynis mcxovrebma iberebma da lazebma RmrTis
sityva, romelic manamde ar swamdaT Seiwynares~. gamodis, rom aRmosavleTsa
da dasavleT saqarTvelos qristianoba erTsa da imave dros miuRia... gelasi
kvizikelis danarTi cnoba, rom iberebma da lazebma erTsa da imave dros
miiRes qristianoba, arsebiTad swori gamodis im mxriv, rom dasavleT
saqarTveloSic IV s. damdegidan qristianobas gza gakvleuli unda hqonoda~56.
iberTa moqcevis Sesaxeb IV s-Si werdnen sokrate, sozomeni, Teodorite
kvirikeli, nikifore kallisto da sxvani. marTalia isini ar axseneben
lazebis gaqristianebas, magram amis mizezi iyo is, rom lazebs iberieli
xalxis erT-erT tomad miiCnevdnen, gelasi kvizikels ki es ambavi ufro
daukonkretebia.
vfiqrobT gansakuTrebiT Semawuxebelia wmida qarTvel mamaTa sulTaTvis
amJamindeli saero mecnierebis mcdeloba daukavSiron saqarTvelos eklesiis

avtokefaliis
mopoveba
petre
fulonis
saxels.
petroz
mkawrvelad
moixsenieben mas Zvel eklesiaSi da miiCneven erT-erT yvelaze did
mwvaleblad - monofizitobisa da TviT xatmebrZolobis fuZemdebladac ki.
batoni n.lomouri wers: `jer kidev 1910 w. m.TamaraSvilma sakmaod
damajereblad
daasabuTa,
rom
balsamonis
`ufali
petre~
(romlis
patriarqobis drosac antioqiis krebis mier gamotanili iqna dadgenileba
iberiis aeklesiis avtokefaliisa) ar SeiZleba iyos petre III da ufro
savaraudoa misi gaigiveba patriarq petre fulonTan, romelic V s-is 70-80iani wlebis moRvawe iyo~57.
Zveli qarTuli saeklesio istoriografiisaTvis ki warmoudgenelia aseTi
daskvna, saqme isaa, rom petroz mkawvreli - gansakuTrebulad sZuldaT Zvel
saqarTveloSi viTarca mwvaleblobis eresiaqi, eqvTime mTawmidelis mier
gamocemuli `mcire sjuliskanonis~ mixedviT man SemoiRo e.w. `xaCecari~,
yovladmiwda samebis jvarcmis galoba. `wmida mamebma maSin SeaCvenes misi
avtori petroz mkawvreli - mwvalebeli, romelmac SemoiRo meoTxe piri... da
vnebulad CaTvala wmida sameba. SeCvenebuli iyos samebis amgvari gmoba da
misi mgmobelic~58. eqvTime aTonelis Tanaxmad, VI msoflio kreba 68-e TavSic
Seexo petroz mkawvrels, sadac igi xatmebrZlobis eresis mesaZirkvledac
dasaxa - `petroz mkawvrelma, rogorc `xaCecari~ SemoiRo, agreTve es
wvalebac daTesa maT Soris da Zlier gvewyina am ujero ambis smena~59.
Tanamedrove saero istoriografia miiCnevs, rom monofizitobis eresiarqma
petre fulonma pirvel qarTvel kaTalikos petres daasxa xeli da amiT
avtokefalia mianiWa saqarTvelos eklesias, magram saeklesio istoriografiis
Tanaxmad, antioqiis es patriarqi iqamde mokla (qviT Caqola) qarTvelTa
mTavarepiskoposma miqaelma, maSin roca igi Seecada qarTlSi Semosvlasa da
monofizitobis
gavrcelebas60.
ase,
rom
qarTveli
saeklesio
istoriografiisaTvis warmoudgenelic kia qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis
dakavSireba petre fulonTan, rogorc warsulis magaliTebi aCvenebs, saero
istoriografiac odesme albaT miva imave daskvnamde.
netarxsenebuli babilina lominaZe, romelTanac me sakmaod xSiri Sexvedra
mqonda sapatriarqoSi avtokefaliis sabuTebis moZiebis dros, acxadebda, rom
pirdapiri cnoba V s-Si avtokefaliis mopovebis Sesaxeb ar arsebobs, amitomac
igi daeyrdno qarTlis cxovrebis cnobil cnobas, vaxtang gorgasalis mier
bizantiidan 12 episkoposis Camoyvanisa da saqarTveloSi dadginebis Sesaxeb.
batoni
n.lomouri
imeorebs
am
daskvnas
da
wers
`kanonikurad
damoukideblad iTvleboda da moqmedebda eklesia, mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
mas sul cota 12 episkoposisagan Semdgari krebis mowveva SeeZlo~61, da is
garemoeba, rom saqarTveloSic V s-Si gaCnda 12 episkoposisagan Semdgari
kreba, adasturebs qarTlis eklesiis mier damoukideblobis, avtokefaliis
miRebas~61. n.lomouri Tavisi daskvnis gamotanis dros eyrdnoba karTagenis
krebis kanons. marTlac am krebis me-12 kanoni brZanebs - `ukeTu vinme
episkoposi Tvinier krebisaTvis ganCinebulisa Jamisa gankiTxvisa Tanamdebad
ipoos, egeviTari igi ganikiTxnen aTormetTa mier episkoposTa~62. rogorc
cnobilia, msoflio krebebis kanonebi ganimarteba ara nebismierad, aramed misi
cnobili komentatorebis aristines, zonaras da balsamonis mier. am wmida
mamaTa komentarebi gamocemulia qarTulad63, ai, rogor komentarebs ukeTeben

am kanons (e.i. `Tu romelime episkoposi mowvevis dros dadgenil dromde

braldebuli iyos, aseTi ganikiTxos Tormetma episkoposma~): - `12. karTagenis
eklesiaSi gansakuTrebiT bevri episkoposi iyo (466 kaTedra) da amis gamo, maT
SeeZloT episkoposis gasamarTlebisaTvis daedginaT qvorumis didi norma...
amgvarad am kanons, iseve, rogorc amave krebis me-14 kanons sasamarTlo
kvorumis mxriv hqonda adgilobrivi mniSvneloba karTagenis eklesiisaTvis
misi
mravalricxovani
episkoposebiT~64.
imaves
amboben
me-14
kanonis
komentarebisas - `kanoni uTiTebs gamonaklisze karTagenis krebis me-12 kanonis
gamoyenebis dros. mas aqvs adgilobrivi da ara saerTo saeklesio
mniSvneloba~65. (e.i. es kanoni 12 episkoposis Sesaxeb araa saerTo eklesiuri
mniSvnelobisa, aramed mxolod karTagenis eklesiisTvisaa gankuTvnili).
ukeTesad Tqma SeuZlebelia, vaxtang mefis mier 12 episkoposis dadgineba
ar SeiZleba avtokefalias davukavSiroT da mivuTiToT amis Sesaxeb
karTagenis krebis Sesabamis kanonebze, radganac maT adgilobrivi da ara
saerTo saeklesio mniSvneloba gaaCndaT.
maSasadame zemoxsenebul avtorTa mtkiceba argumentirebuli ar aris,
xolo giorgi mTawmidelis mtkiceba qarTuli eklesiis mociqulTa droidanve
avtokefalurobis Sesaxeb argumentirebuli iyo, radganac I-IV saukuneebSi
daarsebuli eklesiebi daarsebisTanave namdvilad iyvnen avtokefalurebi,
imJamindeli normis Sesabamisad. vitovebT imeds, rom saero istriografia am
sakiTxSic Zvel saeklesios daeTanxmeba da sabolod ki gaaerTianeben saerTo
Zalebs qarTveli erisa da eklesiis sakeTildReod. aRsaniSnavia, rom
kaTolikos-patriarqi kalistrate cincaZe eklesiis avtokefaliis sayrdenad
miiCnevda sinodSi 12 episkoposis yofnas da amis gasamarTleblad miuTiTebda
aRniSnul kanons. saqme is iyo, rom imJamindeli komunisturi reJimi cdilobda
episkoposTa
Semcirebas,
xolo
kalistrate
eklesiis
gasaZliereblad
cdilobda episkoposTa gamravlebas, amitomac miuTiTebda aRniSnuli kanonis
Sesaxeb. maSasadame, misi qmedeba ufro saeklesio politikis sferos Seexeboda
aTeistTa batonobisas da ara kanonikas. uwmidesma kalistratem, cxadia,
kargad icoda saeklesio samarTlis mcodneTa ganmartebani, rom karTagenis
aRniSnuli kanoni adgilobiribvi mniSvnelobisa iyo da ara saerTo
eklesiuri.
Cveni msjeloba Seexeba survils, raTa saeklesio istoriografiam Cvens
sazogadoebaSi daibrunos is Rirseuli adgili da avtoriteti, romelic mas
daukarges rusTa da aTeistTa batonobisas XIX-XX saukuneebSi. es survili
exmianeba
da
faqtiurad
imeorebs zustad asi
wlis win qarTvel
mRvdelmTavarTa ruseTis imperatorisa da eklesiisaTvis gagzavnil Txovnas,
raTa daarsebuliyo mTel ruseTis imperiaSi (romelSic maSin saqarTveloc
Sedioda) Tundac erTaderTi qarTuli eklesiis istoriis Semswavleli
samecniero centri. imJamad ruseTis mmarTvel wreebs surdaT didi zeimiT
aReniSnaT e.w. saqarTvelos ruseTTan SeerTebis 100 wlisTavi, amitomac
mTavrobam gadawyvita qarTuli sazogadoebis zogierTi Txovnis Sesruleba. am
momentiT isargebles qarTvelma episkoposebma da gagzavnes Sesabamisi Txovna,
romelSic kerZod werdnen: `viTvaliswinebT saqarTvelos ruseTTan SeerTebis
100 wlisTavs, 1901 wlis 18 ianvars da migvaCnia, rom Cveni pirveli da uwmidesi
valia SevevedroT wm. sinods peterburgis Teologiis akademiaSi daarsos
qarTuli saeklesio istoriis damoukidebeli kaTedra, sadac Seiswavlian

xelnawerebsa da yvelafers, rac ki qarTul eklesias exeba. es naSromebi

gaamdidreben Teologiur da saeklesio literaturas da naTels mohfenen
msoflio marTlmadidebluri eklesiis naklebad Seswavlil furclebs~66.
ruseTSi, kerZod, ki peterburgSi, 1911 wels marTlac Seiqmna saqarTvelos
eklesiis istoriis Semswavleli centri, romelmac mxolod ramdenime weli
iarseba bolSevikebis gabatonebamde. saqarTveloSi arc menSevikebis da
miTumetes arc bolSevikebis dros cxadia aseTi centrebi ar arsebobda.
amJamad arc Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetsa da arc sxva universitetsa
da institutSi saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis ara Tu fakulteti, kaTedrac
ki ar arsebobs, Tumca ki amas, rogorc aRvniSneT asi wlis winac iTxovdnen
qarTveli episkoposebi. Sesabamisad, rogorc sazogadoebas, ise student
axalgazrdebsa da skolis mowafeebs saSualeba ar eZlevaT WeSmaritebiT
Seiswavlon deda eklesiis istoria, romlis SeswavliTac maT CaenergebodaT
siyvaruli RvTisa da siyvaruli moyvasisa, mamulisa da mSobeli erisa, rac
yovelTvis saWiroa yoveli sazogadoiebisaTvis.
saeklesio samarTlis
werilobiTi wyaroebis Sesaxeb
`saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebSi~ Sevida 15 sakanonmdeblo da 21
mimdinare kreba (IV-XVIII ss), am krebaTagan zogierTma gamosca sakanonmdeblo
samarTlebrivi aqti, romelTac epoqaTa Sesabamisad ewodebaT `Zegliswera~,
`Zeglis dadeba~, `samarTali~, `mcneba sasjulo~, `kanonni~, `xeliTwerili~,
`dawerili~, `ganCineba~, `sigeli~, `moxseneba~, `sakanonos wigni~ da sxv.
saeklesio krebebis mier gamocemuli samarTlis Zeglebi Tan erTvis naSromis
Sesabamis paragrafs.
1. ruis-urbnisis krebis teqsti daibeWda i. doliZis `qarTuli samarTlis
Zeglebi~ III tomidan. i. doliZe, rogorc cnobilia, iyo qarTuli saeklesio
samarTlis wyaroebis udidesi mcodne XX s-Si. mas ruis-urbnisis krebis
teqsti dabeWdili aqvs ori uZvelesi nusxis A-76 da Rt, VI, N5 (III)-is mixedviT.
yofili `saeklesio muzeumis xelnawerTa fondis~ (A), amJamad ki xelnawerTa
institutis fondSi daculi A-76 warmoadgens krebuls, dawerilia qaRaldze
XII s. nusxiT. masSi ruis-urbnisis krebis Zeglisweras 238-248 gverdebi
uWiravs.
amave A-76 nusxas iyenebs e. gabiZaSvili `didi sjulis-kanonis~ 1975 wlis
kritikulad dadgenil teqstSi. qarTuli kanonikuri samarTlis aRniSnuli
mniSvnelovani
Zegli
(`Zegliswera~)
gamocemuli i.
doliZisa
da
e.
gabiZaSvilis mier Cvens mier Sepirispirebulia erTmaneTTan, amis gamo teqstSi
muxlebi davyaviT e. gabiZaSvilis dayofis mixedviT.
2. `Zeglis dadebis~ teqsti (mefe giorgi brwyinvalis droindeli Zegli)
ibeWdeba i. doliZis gamocemis67 mixedviT, romelsac safuZvlad udevs
xelnaweri S3683. teqsti Sepirispirebulia e. TayaiSvilis mier aRmoCenil XVII
s. xelnawerTan (H3094).
3. beqas da aRbuRas samarTali, bagrat kurapalatis, e. w. `kanonikuri
samarTlis~ muxlebi, `samarTali kaTalikozTa~, `vaxtangis samarTlis~
muxlebi ibeWdeba i. doliZis gamocemis mixedviT67, romelic eyrdnoba TviT
vaxtang VI-is mier naredaqtirev xelnawers (S3683).

4. `mcneba sasjulo~ ibeWdeba i. doliZis68 mixedviT. eyrdnoba or

xelnawers: cssa f. 1448, sab. #5020, dedani da xelnawerTa institutis Sd 2920
piri.
5. `ganCineba saeklesio krebisa samonastro wesis da rigis Taobaze~
ibeWdeba i. doliZis68 mixedviT. eyrdnoba xelnawerTa institutis Ad340.
6. `kanoni~ 1748 w. krebisa, ibeWdeba i. doliZis68 mixedviT. eyrdnoba
xelnawerTa institutis Q412 krebuls. sabuTs krebulis 1-8 gverdebi uWiravs.
krebuli gadawerilia 1755.
7. `xelwerili~ imereTis 1759 w. krebisa. ibeWdeba T. Jordanias qronikebis
III tomidan (1967 w.).
8. dadgenileba saeklesio krebisa (1762 w.) ibeWdeba i. doliZis68 mixedviT.
eyrdnoba xelnawerTa institutis Ad856; `mcneba mRudelTaTvis~ i. doliZis
qsZ t. III. xelnawerTa institutis A317 krebuls; maqsime kaTalikosisi
mcnebani~ cssa f. 1448.
9. sigeli bagrat mefisa opizar mijnaZorel mamebisadmi (quTaisis
saeklesio kreba 1058) ibeWdeba `qarTuli istoriuli sabuTebis korpusi~69
mixedviT. eyrdnoba xelnawerTa institutis Sd1201 etrats.
10 `saqarTvelos eklesiis Seuvalobis ganaxlebis sigeli giorgi III-sa~
(Tbilisis I saeklesio kreba, 1178) ibeWdeba i. doliZis qarTuli samarTlis
Zeglebis~ (t. II, 1965) mixedviT, esaa xelnawerTa institutis Ad-15 dedani,
etrati pirvelad gamosca T. Jordaniam (qronikebi I).
11. dawerili etifane kaTalikosisa anel xucesTa sargos ganwesebis
Sesaxeb~ (anisis Sekreba, 1218), ibeWdeba i. doliZis `qarTuli samarTlis
Zeglebis~ (t. III, 1970) mixedviT. teqsti gadmobeWdilia n. maris gamocemidan
, 1910, . 1437-1439.
12. ganCineba saeklesio krebisa SiomRvimis Seuvalobis Sesaxeb~ (SiomRvimis
saeklesio kreba XIII s. 40-iani wlebi), ibeWdeba i. doliZis68 mixedviT.
xelnaweri
dakargulia,
gamoqveynebulia
T.Jordanias
mier
(SiomRvimis
sabuTrebi, gv. 50-52).
13. moxseneba saqarTvelos saeklesio krebisa mefisadmi (mcxeTis saeklesio
kreba 1263). ibeWdeba qarTuli istoriuli sabuTebis korpusi I (IX-XIII ss)
mixedviT, romelic eyrdnoba saqarTvelos centraluri saistorio aqrivis
(scsa 1448-6501) xelnawers.
14.
samTavisis
samwysos
sakanonos
wigni
grigol
saTavnelisadmi
(samTavisis saeklesio kreba, 1459), ibeWdeba i.doliZis `qarTuli samarTlis
Zeglebi~ (t. III. 1970), eyrdoba xelnawerTa institutis Ad559 da Ad604
xelnawerebs. daTariRebulia i. doliZis mier.
saqarTvelos eklesiis
mimdinare krebebi
1. episkoposTa Sekrebani mefe mirianisa da vaxtang gorgasalis dros (IV-V s.s.)
cnobil
kanonists
T.
balsamons
rogorc
qarTuli
aseve
sxva
avtokefaluri eklesiebis TavisTavadobis safuZvlad miaCnda meore msoflio
krebis meore kanoni, romelSic, kerZod, naTqvamia: `TiToeul samTavros

(eparqias) ganagebs amave samTavros kreba nikeaSi gansazRvruli kanonis

Tanaxmad, xolo warmarTTa Soris arsebuli ucxo tomTa eklesiebi unda
ganagon mamaTa mier dawesebuli Zveli kanonebis mixedviT~70. am kanonis
Tanaxmad, balsamons miaCnda, rom yovel saxelmwifoSi arsebul eklesias
ganagebda adgilobrivi saeklesio kreba71.
msoflio krebebs, rogorc wesi, iwvevdnen jer romis, Semdeg ki
bizantiis imperiaSi, maT farglebs gareT e.w. warmarT barbarosTa, anu
ZvelqarTuliT Tu vityviT, `barbarozebrTa warmarTTa Soris~ mcxovrebi
qristiani xalxebis eklesiebi, aRniSnuli II msoflio krebis meore kanonis
Sesabamisad, imarTeboda `mamaTa mier dawesebuli Zveli kanonebis mixedviT~.
safiqrebelia, rom II msoflio krebis II kanoni `warmarTTa Soris arsebul
ucxo tomTa eklesiebSi~ gulisxmobda rom-bizantiis imperiis sazRvrebs
gareT moqceul eklesiebs. marTlac, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo imyofeboda
imperiis gareT. maSasadame, misi eklesia `mamaTa mier dawesebuli Zveli
kanonebis~ Sesabamisad unda emarTaT. am kanonTa Soris IV s-is bolos, 381
wels, ASemdgari II msoflio kreba, Cans, gulisxmobda mociqulTa kanonebis
34-e muxls, romelSic naTqvamia: `yvela eris episkoposebma unda icodnen
maT Soris pirveli da Tavi episkoposi da araferi zedmeti ar unda
gaakeTon mis gareSe... magram nurc pirveli episkoposi nu gaakeTebs
nurafers sxvebTan SeTanxmebis gareSe, vinaidan mxolod ase SeiZleba
aResrulos erTneboba da ididos RmerTi uflis mier suliwmidiT~72.
zemoT moyvanili kanonebidan Cans, rom TavisTavad eklesiaSi uTuod unda
iyos ramdenime episkoposi, romelTa krebac marTavs am eklesias, xolo
eklesiis Tavs irCeven am eklesiis episkoposebi. ismis kiTxva: hyavda Tu ara
qarTul eklesias IV saukunesa da V saukunis I naxevarSi ramdenime
episkoposi? zogierTi mecnieris azriT, aRniSnul epoqaSi qarTul eklesiaSi
iyo mxolod da mxolod erTi episkoposi, isic ucxoeli mRvdelmTavris mier
daniSnul-xeldasxmuli.
Cven viciT, rom qarTuli eklesia organizaciuli saxiT Camoyalibda IV
saukunis dasawyisSi (324-326 wlisaTvis). ruis-urbnisis Zeglisweris Tanaxmad,
mefe mirianis dros imperator konstantines mivlinebiT Camosul antioqiis
patriarqs evstaTis dauarsebia igi. maSasadame, Tu es marTlac ase moxda, igi
(eklesia) unda emarTaT qristian msoflioSi im droisaTvis miRebuli
saeklesio kanonebis Sesabamisad, romelTa Sesaxebac zemoT visaubreT, kerZod,
qarTuli eklesia unda emarTa episkoposTa krebas, xolo eklesias unda
hyoloda episkoposTa mier arCeuli `pirveli~, anu mTavari episkoposi.
nikeis I msoflio krebis mexuTe kanonis Tanaxmad, TiToeul `samTavroSi~,
anu romaul provinciaSi weliwadSi orjer unda Catarebuliyo episkoposTa
kreba. samTavros episkoposTa saerTo krebaze unda garCeuliyo sadavo saqme
sajarod, samarTlianad, yvelas mxardaWeriT. im droisaTvis weliwadSi ori
kreba unda mowveuliyo: erTi _ marxvamde, meore ki rTvlis dros73.
romis imperiaSi qristianobis saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad aRiarebis Semdeg
didi,
sameufeo
qalaqebis
episkoposebi
TavianT
mezoblad
mdebare
provinciebze avrcelebdnen xelisuflebas, rac daadastura I msoflio krebis
meeqvse kanonma, magram, rogorc aRiniSna, II msoflio krebis II kanonis
Tanaxmad, imperiis farglebs gareT mdebare eklesiebi `mamaTa kanonebis
Sesabamisad imarTeboda~, e.i. meti TavisuflebiT, sakuTari, adgilobrivi

tradiciebisa da Zveli saeklesio Cvevebis gaTvaliswinebiT. s. janaSias

mixedviT, qarTul eklesiaSi ara erTi, aramed episkoposTa simravle
arsebobda.
igi
wers:
`raki
qarTlSi
qristianoba
saxelmwifoebriv
sarwmunoebad gadaiqca, qarTlis eklesiamac iseTive wyobileba miiRo,
rogoric hqonda TviT qarTlis samefos. ase xdeboda sxva qveynebSic. calke
saerisTaoebis saqmeebs ganagebdnen episkoposebi, romelnic emorCilebodnen
qarTlis, anu mcxeTis mTavarepiskoposs. episkoposebs eqvemdebarebodnen
xucesebi, anu mRvdlebi~74.
s. janaSias Tanaxmad, CvenSi vaxtang gorgaslamde imdenive saepiskoposo
yofila, ramdeni saerisTavoc iyo qarTlis samefoSi. b. mWedliSvilis
mixedviT ki episkoposebis ricxvi gacilebiT meti SeiZleba yofiliyo:
`gaqristianebamde saxelmwifoSi yvela qalaqsa Tu mniSvnelovan dabas Tavisi
episkoposi unda hyoloda, zogan oric. sxvagvarad qristianuli qveynis
statusi da eklesiis struqtura warmoudgenelia. amasTan, Cven qvemoT vnaxavT,
rom saqarTveloSi V s. bolos 30-ze meti episkoposi moRvaweobda. juanSeri
CamoTvlis, sad dasva vaxtangma episkoposebi... am siis mixedviT, sakuTriv
qarTlSi mxolod ori episkoposi Cans, mcxeTis da niqozis, Tbilisic ki,
romelic TiTqosda vaxtangma daaarsa, eklesiis mesveuris gareSe aRmoCnda.
garda amisa, ra vuyoT sxva Zvel qalaqebs - ufliscixes, armazcixes, kasps,
nekress, tyetba-gulgulas, ujarma-kawareTs, gaCian-curtavs, samSvildesa da
sxva CvenTvis ucnob qalaqebsa da dabebs, amdenad juanSeris episkoposTa sia
asaxavs mxolod vaxtangis mier dasmul episkoposTa raodenobas da ara
episkoposTa ricxvs. Tavis droze iv. javaxiSvilma miaqcia juanSeris cnobebis
Seusabamobas yuradReba da aRniSna: `juanSeris sityvebidan iseTi daskvnis
gamotana SeiZleba, TiTqos mas mxolod imaTi dasaxeleba sdomebodes,
romelnic antioqiis patriarqma akurTxa, magram maSin marto juanSeris am
cnobaze dayrdnoba SeuZlebelia~. maSasadame, iv. javaxiSvili gamoyofda
`uZveles xanas~, romelic vaxtang gorgasalamde gulisxmobs. am `uZveles
xanaSi~ mTavarepiskoposebi xelmZRvanelobdnen qarTul eklesias. `mTavar~ an
`Tavi episkoposTais~ arseboba TavisTavad gulisxmobs, rom maT hyavdaT
eparqiaTa episkoposebi, e.i. gorgaslamdec yofilan episkoposebi~75. n.b
erZeniSvilisa da sxva cnobili mecnierebis Tanaxmad, IV saukunis
saqarTveloSi episkoposebi isxdnen saerisTavo da sapitiaxSo centrebSi.
ramdeni saerisTavoc iyo, imdeni saepiskoposo saydari (kaTedra) arsebobda.
e.i. eparqiaTa sazRvrebi, ZiriTadad, emTxveoda saerisTavoTa sazRvrebs. V
saukunis Sua wlebSi qarTlis samefoSi ocdaaTiode saepiskoposo yofila76.
miuTiTebs Tu ara romelime wyaro, reformamde, e.i. IV saukunesa da V s.
pirvel naxevarSi episkoposTa simravles? wmida ninos cxovreba mogviTxrobs,
rom Tavisi gardacvalebis Jams mefe mirianma masTan misul episkoposebs
gadasca Tavisi anderZi, amasTanave, Seevedra wmida ninos saflavisaTvis didi
yuradReba mieqciaT - edidebinaT igi, `davedra episkoposTa, raTa adidon
dideba mis adgilisa~77. ase yofila IV s-is 60-ian wlebSi. matianes Tanaxmad,
qarTlSi episkoposTa simravle arsebobda vaxtang gorgasalis reformamde,
e.i. V saukunis I naxevarSi, magaliTad, sparseTidan dabrunebul vaxtangs
Seegebnen episkoposebi: `miegeba Ze misi daCi da mis Tana yovelni spasalarni
da maT Tana episkoposni~78. amasTanave, arsebobs sxva uZvelesi wyaro,
romlidanac Cans, rom saeklesio reformamde, sakaTalikosos daarsebamde,

miqael mTavarepiskoposs hyavda mravali episkoposi. am wyaros siZvele

araviTar eWvs ar iwvevs, amasTanave miuTiTebs ZvelqarTuli saeklesio
istoriografiis Tvalsazriss, rom qarTul eklesiaSi vaxtang gorgasalis
reformamde mravali saepiskoposo arsebobda, kerZod, wyaros Tanaxmad,
sarwmunoebrivi saWiroebis dros `SeWura miqael
sulman-wmidaman da
warmovida mcxeTiT mis queSeTa episkoposTa da mRvdelTa Tana~79. igive wyaro
miqael mTavarepiskoposis xelqveiT myof episkoposTa Sesaxeb sxva adgilasac
mogviTxrobs (miqaeli iyo vaxtang gorgasalis Tanamedrove).
saqarTvelos mezobel antioqiaSi 344 wels Semdgari krebis Tanaxmad,
eklesiaSi kanonad iqca ZvelTaganve arsebuli wesi, rom eklesiis meTaurad
episkoposTa Soris unda SeerCiaT dedaqalaqis episkoposi. antioqiis krebis
mecxre kanonis Tanaxmad, eklesiis meTaurs, anu `Tavs~ adgenda TviT
saeklesio olqis episkoposebis kreba. am kanonis Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos
eklesiis
meTaurad
mcxeTeli
episkoposi
unda
SeerCia
adgilobriv
episkoposTa krebas. marTlac, Cven yvela Zveli wyarodan viciT, rom mcxeTeli
episkoposi yovelTvis `mTavari~ iyo sxva episkoposTa mimarT. amasTanave,
yoveli Zveli wyaro mogviTxrobs, rom am episkoposs Tavis taxtze (saydarze)
`svamda~ qarTlis mefe an romelime sxva xelisufali, magaliTad, eklesiis
meTaurad IV s.-Si mefem samRvdelmTavro taxtze `dasva~ mTavarepiskoposi
elia, aseve `dasves~ misi momdevno svimoni, saberZneTidan Camoyvanili mRvdeli
miqaeli `daadgines episkoposad~ da a.S.80.
e.i. saeklesio kreba irCevda meTaurs, mas ki mefe `svamda~ Tavis saydarze.
ase iyo msoflio eklesiaSic. krebis Catareba, meTauris arCeva da dasma ar
iyo ucxo imdroindeli qarTuli sazogadoebisaTvis. garkveuli wreebi TviT
mefes irCevdnen da svamdnen taxtze. magaliTad, mefe mirianis Zmiswuli
Trdati mefed `dasves~ qarTvelma warCinebulebma: `maSin warCinebulTa
qarTlisaTa zraxva yves da dasues mefed simamri varaz-baqarisi, Ze revisi,
Zmiswuli mirianisi, kaci moxucebuli, saxeliT Trdati~81. aseve mefe arCil I
aznaurTa krebam `dasva~ mefed. `SeiTques aznaurni qarTlisani... dasues mefed
arCil~82.
unda
vifiqroT,
rom
radganac
imdroindeli
qarTuli
sazogadoebisaTvis Sekreba da meTauris gamorCeva uCveulo ar yofila,
qarTveli episkoposebic TavianT krebaze gamoirCevdnen eklesiis meTaurs,
rogorc amas moiTxovda zemoT miTiTebuli msoflio kanonebi.
mefe vaxtangis dros gaZlierda saqarTvelos saxelmwifo. qveyana
gaerTianda, Semoemata axali teritoriebi, kerZod, daubrunda klarjeTi da
afxazeTis didi nawili mdinare klisuramde, romlebic iqamde mitacebuli iyo
berZenTa mier da Sedioda bizantiis imperiaSi, maSasadame, Sediodnen
bizantiuri eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi. axla saqarTvelos gaerTianebis Semdeg am
kuTxeebSi unda aRdgeniliyo qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqcia. es dabruneba
unda momxdariyo bizantiis imperatorisa da, cxadia, eklesiis dadasturebiT.
vaxtangamde mZime saxelmwifoebrivi viTarebis gamo, qveyanaSi sparselTa
batonobis Sedegad qarTul eklesiaSi arsebobda ramdenime sarwmunoebrivi
dajgufeba - proberZnuli da prosparsuli orientaciisa (im droisaTvis
sparseTSi
arsebobda
Zlieri
qristianuli
organizacia
sparseTis
sakaTalikoso). saeklesio dajgufebis erTi nawili ki orgulobas iCenda
mefis mimarT, radganac qveyanaSi arsebuli feodalizaciis procesis gamo
eklesiis zogierTi ierarqi gadaiqca Zlier miwaTmflobelad, Zalzed

gaZlierda da aRar apirebda mefisadmi morCilebas, rac gamoCnda miqael

episkoposisa da vaxtang gorgasalis urTierTobis dros. maSasadame,
saeklesio reforma iTvaliswinebda eklesias CamoSorebodnen prosparsuli
orientaciis episkoposebi da agreTve, zogierTi proberZnuli orientaciis
urCi episkoposi. rogorc aRiniSna, am dros eklesiis mmarTvel episkoposTa
Zliereba da avtoriteti didad iyo gazrdili sparselTa nebiT. wyaroebidan
Cans, rom somxeTSi sparselebma xelisufleba CamoarTves naxararebs, gaauqmes
mefoba da samagierod xelisufleba gadasces episkoposebsa da eklesias.
msgavsi viTareba unda yofiliyo vaxtangamde saqarTveloSic. aseTi viTarebis
dros vaxtang gorgasalma gadawyvita sasuliero daxmareba mieRo bizantiidan,
msoflio
sapatriarqoebidan
da
maTze
dayrdnobiT
ganexorcielebina
saeklesio reforma. marTlac, Cans, vaxtangma urCi episkoposebis nacvlad,
bizantiidan miiRo ukve nakurTxi axali episkoposebi, e.i. am axali
episkoposebis zurgs ukan idga msoflio eklesiis avtoriteti da bizantiis
imperiis Semweoba. konstantinopolisa da antioqiis patriarqebis nebiT
saqarTveloSi vaxtangs miuvida Tormeti axali episkoposi da maTi meTauri,
vaxtangis mier winaswar SerCeuli kaTalikosi petre. axali episkoposebi
dasves klarjeTSi, eruSeTSi (es axlad SemoerTebuli miwebi iyo), javaxeTSi,
manglisSi, bolnisSi, rusTavSi, ninowmidaSi, WeremSi, CeleTSi, xornabujSi,
agarakSi (yvela es saepiskoposo mdebareobda qvemo qarTlsa da kaxeT-hereTSi,
e.i. sparseTTan mosazRvre mxareebSi, sadac didi unda yofiliyo sparselTa
gavlena, maSasadame, prosparsuli saeklesio orientacia). mefes mxolod
mogvianebiT erTi axali saepiskoposo dauarsebia Sida qarTlSi _ niqozSi.
episkoposTa aseTi simravlis dros, cxadia, qarTul eklesiaSi tardeboda
saeklesio krebebi. Cans, saqarTvelos eklesia imarTeboda saeklesio wesebis,
kerZod, ki siriul-romauli samarTlis Sesabamisad83 ganagebdnen qarTul
eklesias. maT Sesaxeb dawvrilebiT gvqonda mimoxilva wina TavSi _
`saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi IV-V saukuneebSi, _ amitom aRar SevexebiT.

2. dvinis saeklesio kreba (506 weli)

VI saukunis dasawyisSi, 506 wels, somxeTis qalaq dvinSi mowveul iqna
amierkavkasiis qveynebis gaerTianebuli kreba, romelsac daeswro 24 qarTveli
episkoposi qarTlis kaTalikosTan erTad. marTalia, es kreba ar iyo
saqarTvelos adgilobrivi kreba, magram CvenTvis sainteresoa imiT, rom mas
qarTvel episkoposTa simravle daeswro da krebam aRiara is sarwmunoebrivi
mimarTuleba, romelic bizantiaSi iyo aRiarebuli. miuxedavad amisa, krebaze
qarTuli
eklesiis
warmomadgenelTa
monawileoba
Seicavda
iZulebis
elementebs, radganac 506 wlis kreba araqarTuli Zalebis karnaxiT iqna
mowveuli. s. janaSias TqmiT, `mokles Tu ara vaxtang gorgasali, sparselebis
mTavari mteri da mowinaaRmdege amierkavkasiaSi, maSinve 506 wels sparselebma
somxeTis qalaq dvinSi moiwvies somxeTis, qarTlisa da albaneTis eklesiebis
saerTo kreba~84.

ratom iyvnen dainteresebulni isini saeklesio krebis mowveviT? rogorc s.

janaSia wers: `roca sparselebi iZulebuli gaxdnen uari eTqvaT mazdeanobis
gavrcelebaze amierkavkasiaSi da samagierod monofizituri qristianobis
mfarvelebad iqcnen, saeklesio mwerlobas daavales, monofizituri ideebi da
sparseTTan ganuyreli kavSiris aucilebloba eqadaga. am mizniT sparseTis
mefis agentebma SeTxzes legendebi, viTomc qristianoba somxeTsa, qarTlsa da
albaneTSi erTi piris mier aris danergili, viTomc qarTuli, somxuri da
albanuri anbani agreTve erTi piris mier aris gamogonili da rom es
`ganmanaTleblebi~ imave dros viTomc sparseTTan iyvnen dakavSirebulni.
monofizitebi Seubraleblad spobdnen diofizitebis, anu qalkedonitebis
mwerlobas...
sparseTis
mTavroba
sxva
saSualebebsac
mimarTavda
am
ideologiuri kavSiris gansamtkiceblad. mas surda, magaliTad, somxeTis,
qarTlisa da albaneTis eklesiebis gaerTianeba, rom ufro advili yofiliyo
maTi marTva sparseli moxeleebisaTvis1, amitomac mouwveviaT dvinis kreba 506
wels, `amis Semdeg eklesia sparselebis mTavari dasayrdeni gaxda~84.
s. janaSia samarTlianad aRniSnavs, rom `am krebaze, ise, rogorc mTels
momdevno periodSi, iniciativas somxebi flobdnen, rogorc ufro Zveli
monofizitebi da iranis politikur centrTan ufro daaxloebulni~85.
meore mxriv, bizantiac iyo dainteresebuli, raTa qarTul da sxva
kavkasiur eklesiebs mieRoT is sarwmunoebrivi platforma, romelic
mniSvnelovani iyo imperiisaTvis im epoqaSi. saqme is iyo, rom qalkedonis
krebam gaaRiziana bizantieli monofizitebi, romelnic mosaxleobis sakmao
raodenobas
warmoadgendnen.
saimperio
centrebi,
gansakuTrebiT
ki
periferiebi, daZabulobis kerebad iqca. SesaZlo didi samoqalaqo omis
Tavidan asacileblad bizantiis keisarma zenonma (474-491) 482 wels gamosca
erTianobis aqti, romelsac henotikoni ewoda. henotikoni cdilobda
monofizitebisa da diofizitebis morigebas da gaurboda iseT gamoTqmebs,
rogoricaa `erTi buneba~ an `ori buneba~. bizantia dainteresebuli iyo
henotikonis gavrcelebiT kavkasiaSi, gansakuTrebiT ki somxeTSi, romelic
mniSvnelovan sadavo qveyanas warmoadgenda sparseTsa da bizantias Soris. im
droisaTvis msoflio eklesiaSi arsebuli wesis Tanaxmad, rogorc qarTuli,
ise kavkasiuri eklesiebi warmoadgendnen erT nawils msoflio kaTolike, anu
sayovelTao eklesiisa da qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs msoflio eklesiasTan
kavSiris gansamtkiceblad urTierToba hqonda damyarebuli romisa da
ierusalimis eklesiebis meTaurebTan, cxadia, antioqia-konstantinopolTanac.
moRweulia romis papis grigol dialoRosis werilobiTi pasuxi kirion
qarTlis kaTalikosisadmi, romelic sarwmunoebriv sakiTxebs exeba, e.i.
marTalia, qveyanaSi iranelebi batonobdnen, magram qarTul eklesias mWidro
sarwmunoebrivi erToba hqonda msoflio eklesiebTan. dvinis krebac ar
SeiZleba ganvixiloT msoflio eklesiidan mowyvetis mcdelobad, radganac,
rogorc gaarkvia z. aleqsiZem, es kreba bizantiis iniciativiT iqna mowveuli,
krebam dagmo ara qalkedonitoba, aramed nestorianoba da miiRo zenon keisris
diofizit-monofizitTa Semarigebeli `henotikoni~ (`erToba~). aqtebi Sedga
qarTul, somxur, albanur da berZnul enebze.
502-506 wlebSi iranis mefe kavad I (488-531) warmatebas aRwevs bizantiasTan
brZolaSi. `am warmatebis uSualo Sedegia 506 wlis dvinis saeklesio kreba
da monofizitobis gamarjveba kavkasiaSi~86.

zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, rom z. aleqsiZis Tanaxmad, dvinis saeklesio

krebam marTalia, miiRo Semrigebluri platforma (`henotikoni~), magram mainc
igi monofizituri elferisa yofila.
s. janaSia da sxva qarTveli mecnierebi fiqroben, rom dvinis krebam
safuZveli daudo monofizitobis aRiarebas kavkasiur eklesiebSi.
ZvelqarTul saeklesio istoriografias am sakiTxze Tavisi Sexeduleba
hqonda. kerZod, igi Tvlida, rom somxuri eklesia monofizituri gaxda
somxeTSi 551-554 wlebSi Catarebul krebaTa Semdgom, ris gamoc igi gaZevebul
iqna msoflio marTlmadidebluri saeklesio sferodan. iqamde ki (e.i. 551/4
wlebamde) somxuri eklesia msoflio eklesiis nawils Seadgenda. es
Tvalsazrisi gansakuTrebiT kargad aqvs gadmocemuli arsen safarels Tavis
wignSi `ganyofisaTvis somexTa da qarTvelTa~.
somxuri wyaros Tanaxmad ki qarTulma eklesiam swored 506 wlis dvinis
krebaze miiRo monofizituri platforma. epistoleTa wignSi moxseniebulia
506 wlis krebis monawile qarTveli kaTalikosisa da episkoposTa saxelebi:
`1. gabriel episkoposi mcxeTisa saxelovani; 2. palgen episkoposi sefesaxlisa;
3. elifas episkoposi samuriali; 4. samuel episkoposi tumasueli; 5. daviT
episkoposi bolnisisa; 6. iakob episkoposi ortavisa; 7. stefanoz episkoposi
rusTavisa; 8. sahak episkoposi tfilisisa; 9. elages episkoposi manglisisa; 10.
enes episkoposi marueli; 11. evgenes episkoposi samTaveli; 12. ioseb episkoposi
adsueli; 13. iovan episkoposi sarusTieli; 14. ioseb episkoposi kuxordosi; 15.
ezras episkoposi kisdadisa; 16. enuq episkoposi wilknisa; 17. ioseb episkoposi
midamili; 18. lazar episkoposi boldbili; 19. Teodoros episkoposi forTis;
20. zaqaria episkoposi kasdreli; 21. fokas episkoposi tsermili; 22. isaak
episkoposi qunanakertisa; 23. Toma episkoposi tarsisa; 24. estgen episkoposi
qorzonisa. es netari episkoposebi, romlebic Tqveni qveynidan iyvnen,
albanelebTan da sivnielebTan erTad somxeTSi Seiyarnen babgen somexTa
kaTalikosis dros im krebaze, romelzec daiwyevla maTTgan erTobiT
qalkedonis kreba da leonis tomari~87.
kirion kaTalikosi VII s-is dasawyisSi ar daeTanxma abraam somexTa
kaTalikoss, TiTqosda gabriel qarTvelTa kaTalikosi da misi 23 episkoposi
monofizitobas uWerdnen mxars, piriqiT, kirioni werda, rom mis dromde da
mis drosac qarTvelebs aqvT is sarwmunoeba, romelic mociqulebma iqadages
da romelsac ierusalimis sarwmunoeba ewodeba, radganac naTqvamia, `sjuli
sionidan gamova~88.
sxvaTa Soris, gansakuTrebiTaa aRsaniSnavi, rom XI saukuneSic berZnebTan
mokamaTe giorgi mTawmindelic amtkicebda, rom qarTvelebs mtkiced upyriaT
da adrec epyraT is sarwmunoeba, romelic mociqulebisagan miiRes: `wmidaTa
mociqulTa ganaTlebulni varT da radgan erTi RmerTi gvicnobies arRara
uar-gviyvies da arca odes wvalebisa mimarT midrekil ars naTesavi Cveni...
amas safuZvelsa zeda marTlmadideblobisasa da mcnebaTa da qadagebaTa zeda
wmidaTa maT mociqulTa mtkice varT~89.
rogorc aRiniSna, ZvelqarTuli saeklesio istoriografia miiCnevda, rom
somxebma monofizituri sarwmunoeba daufaravad miiRes ara 506 wels, dvinis
krebis dros, aramed 551/4 wlebis krebaTa Semdeg, maSasadame, kirions hqonda
safuZveli, roca ar eTanxmeboda abraam somexTa kaTalikoss 506 wlidan
monofizitobis miRebis Sesaxeb. amasve eTanxmeba axali gamokvlevebic,

romlebic, rogorc aRiniSna, miuTiTebs, rom 506 wels miRebul iqna

henotikoni da ara monofizitoba, Tumca isicaa aRsaniSnavi, rom somxuri
eklesia Tavidanve midrekili iyo monofizitobisaken, qarTuli ki piriqiT,
qalkedonis krebas uWerda mxars, amitomac iqca qalkedonitoba qarTvelTa
erovnul sarwmunoebad.
miuxedavad amisa, isic unda aRiniSnos, rom amierkavkasiis qveyanaTa
mpyrobeli iranis saxelmwifo gansakuTrebulad uWerda mxars somxur
eklesias, axdenda zegavlenas, raTa somxeTs mieRo is sarwmunoebrivi
mimarTuleba, romelsac devnida bizantia, anu maSin, roca bizantia
gamokveTilad uWerda mxars qalkedonitobas, somxur eklesias monofizituri
platforma unda mieRo. ase iyo realurad.
dvinis krebaze damswre zemoT CamoTvlili episkoposTa saxelebi droTa
viTarebaSi gadamwerTa da mTargmnelTa mier damaxinjebula. ukve VII s-is
dasawyisSi zogierTi saxelis amocnoba Wirda, miT umetes, rom cnoba maT
Sesaxeb berZnulidan uTargmniaT somxur enaze, radganac somxuri dedani
dakargula, magram abraam somexTa episkoposis TqmiT, arsebula qarTuli
dedanic, romlis mixedviTac kirions SeeZlo mcdarad dawerili saxelebis
aRdgena.
m. brose cdila aRedgina zogierTi saepiskoposos saxeli. magaliTad,
`forTis~ episkoposi savaraudod miuCnevia foTis episkoposad, timuel Tmogvelad da ase Semdeg90. p. ingoroyva `forTis~ saepiskoposos mesxeTSi
aTavsebda.
`rogorc teqstidan Cans, episkoposTa saxelebi metad damaxinjebula,
qvemoT movitanT iv. javaxiSvilis, k. kekeliZisa da s. kakabaZis cdebs siis
aRdgenisa... iv. javaxiSvili91: mcxeTis, samefo saxlis, asureTis, Tmogveli?
(dmaneli?), bolneli, curtaveli, rusTavis, Tbilisis, mangleli, mroveli,
samTavneli, aZveli? wyarosTaveli, kumurdoeli, giSisa? wilkneli? bodbeli,
bortis, karsnis, xunanis, tarsis? da qorbanisa (qorjanisa?). s. kakabaZe92:
mcxeTis, mefis karis, samTavreli. dmaneli, bolneli, curtavis, rusTavis,
Tbilisis,
manglisis,
mroveli,
samTavisis,
awyveris,
wyarosTaveli,
kumurdoeli, axizis, wilkneli, ninowmindeli, bodbeli, berTas (CeleTi),
kawareli, Weremi, xunanis, tisus? xoranTa (xornabuji). k. kekeliZe93: mcxeTis,
mefis karis, samTavro, dmaneli, curtavi, rusTavi, mroveli, awyvereli,
wyarosTaveli, kumurdo, axiza, ninowmida//berTa, kawareTi, Wermeli, xunani,
niqozi? qorzanene (xoranTa, xornabuji)~94.
misaRebia m. broses varaudi imis Sesaxeb, rom epistoleTa wignis `forTis
saepiskoposo~ igive foTis saepiskoposoa. am varauds mxars uWers somxuri
wyaroebis cnoba, romlis mixedviTac kirioni `winandel wesTa~ Tanaxmad, VI sis meore naxevarSi arCeul iqna ara marto kaTalikosad, aramed egrisis
arqiepiskoposad da mas foTis mitropolitadac miiCneven. meore mxriv,
arsebobs VI s-is berZeni istorikosis prokofi kesarielis cnoba, romelic
wers, rom dasavleT saqarTvelos qristianebi emorCilebian `kaTalikoss~,
kaTalikosi im droisaTvis ijda ara dasavleT saqarTveloSi, aramed
mcxeTaSi, Tu kirioni VI s-is bolos `winandel wesTa~ Tanaxmad dadgenil iqna
`egrisis arqiepiskoposad~ da foTis mitropolitad. sruliad SesaZelebelia,
rom mcxeTis kaTalikoss VI s-is dasawyisSi dvinis krebis droisaTvis foTSi

hyoloda Tavisi episkoposi, romelsac `forTis~ episkoposs uwodebda

epistoleTa wigni.
prokofi kesarieli wers: `qristianTa mRvdelmTavarsac kaTalikoss
uwodeben elinTa eniT, radgan is erTi ganagebs aqaur soflebs~95, Tumca
Zneli gasagebia, am `soflis~ qveS dasavleT saqarTvelos gulisxmobs Tu
somxeTs, Tumca kirionis `egrisis arqiepiskoposad~ dadgenis Sesaxeb cnoba
ueWvelia. z. aleqsiZis daskvniT, `yoveli qarTlis~ kaTalikosi kirioni
lazikis mitropolitis xels iTavsebda~96.
somexi istorikosis ioane drasxanakertelis cnobiT, somexma kaTalikosma
`xeli daasxa wmida kaTolike (sakrebulo) eklesiis uxucess kirions qarTlis
samwysos, gugarqis da egrisis arqiepiskoposad97.
epistoleTa wignSi aseve naxsenebia `sefesaxlis episkoposi~, romelsac
`samTavro saxlis~ episkoposs uwodebs zogierTi mkvlevari, es unda iyos
samTavros episkoposi. rogorc Cans, sityva `samTavro~ somxurad uTargmniaT
pirdapiri gagebiT, rogorc `mTavrobis saxlis~, anda `sefesaxlis~ episkoposi.
aRsaniSnavia, rom samTavroeli episkoposi, romelic mcxeTaSi ijda da,
rogorc Cans, marTlac mTavarTa saxlis, anu `erismTavarTa~ saxlis
episkoposi iyo, Tavis samwysoSi aerTianebda dasavleT saqarTvelos
qristianebsac. vaxuStis cnobiT, mcxeTeli episkoposis samwysoSi Sedioda
dasavleT saqarTvelos e.w. samoqalaqo, xoni. vaxuSti werda: `ars xons
eklesia didi, gumbaTiani, Suenieri nagebi, zis episkoposi, mwyemsi vakisa. es
iyo erTobasa Sina qarTlis mTavarepiskopozisa. Semdgomad ganyofisa gasves
aqa episkoposi~98. qarTlis mTavarepiskoposis tituli kaTalikosobis dawyebis
Semdeg darCa mcxeTaSi mjdom samTavros episkoposs. rogorc Cans, `erTobasa
Sina qarTlis mTavarepiskoposisasa~ vaxuSti uwodebs xanas afxazeTis
sakaTalikosos daarsebamde, e.i. VIII s-mde. rogorc Cans, qarTlis kaTalikosis
samwysoSi Semaval samTavroel episkoposs dasavleT saqarTveloSi `vake~ da
xoni eqvemdebareboda VI s-Si, radgan VII s-is 20-iani wlebidan, herakle
keisris laSqrobis Semdeg, dasavleT saqarTvelos erTi nawili Tavis
iurisdiqciaSi Seiyvana konstantinopolis sapatriarqom. aRsaniSnavia, rom
mTeli dasavleT saqarTvelo (mdinare egriswylamde da klisuramde) da aseve
kaxeTi samefo mamulebs (domens) warmoadgenda. es kargad Cans `qarTlis
cxovrebidan~, _ erismTavar (`mefe~) arCil mefes miris sikvdilis Semdeg
mTeli dasavleT saqarTvelo gadaecema, rogorc `sauxuceso~ teritoria.
aqedan
gadasuli
arCili
Tavissave
mamuls
afarebs
Tavs
kaxeTSi.
safiqrebelia, rom samefo domenebi kaxeTi da dasavleT saqarTvelo
eklesiurad samTavro saxls, anu samTavros episkoposs eqvemdebareobda.
s. kakabaZis da sxvaTa cnobiT, somxur-qarTuli `erTobis~ kreba Sedga ara
506 wels, aramed 522 wels. zogierTi monacemebi aseT Tvalsazriss mxars
uWers. rogorc Cans, Catarda orive kreba. 506 wels sparselTa nebiT Seikra
somxur-qarTul-albanuri saeklesio kavSiri somxuri eklesiis hegemonobiT,
xolo 522 wels, roca sparseTma fexi kargad moikida amierkavkasiaSi, Sedga
kreba monofizituri elferisa. 87 wlis Semdeg, `epistoleTa wignis~ cnobiT,
kirioni ganudga somex kaTalikoss, e.i. 608-609 wlebSi. 540-ian wlebSi sparsTa
Zlieri agresiis dros, roca isini dasavleT saqarTvelos xelSi Casagdebad
ibrZodnen, saqarTveloSi gaZlierda monofizituri propaganda, romelTanac
sabrZolvelad saqarTveloSi Camovidnen asureli mamebi. maTi Tavdadebuli

Rvawlis Sedegad, ukve 551-554 wlebSi Catarebuli somxuri eklesiis krebis

gadawyvetileba uaryo qarTulma eklesiam. am wlebSi Semdgarma somxurma
saeklesio krebam aSkarad ganacxada Tavisi monofizituri mrwamsis Sesaxeb, es
qarTulma eklesiam miiCnia miuReblad da msoflio eklesiis winaaRmdeg
mimarTul qmedebad. amitomac ar daiWira somxuri eklesiis mxare99. 570-ian
wlebSi, asureli mamebis Camosvlidan 20-30 wlis Semdeg, qarTuli eklesia
qalkedonitobas daufaravad uWerda mxars, aseve iyo VI s-is 90-ian wlebSic,
508-509 wlebSi kirionma gawyvita kavSiri somxur monofizitur eklesiasTan,
magram amiT ar damTavrebula somxuri eklesiis mcdeloba, hegemonoba
moepovebina amierkavkasiaSi. mas mxars uWerda sparseTis saxelmwifo. amitomac
daaxleobiT 614 wels Sedga e.w. `sparsuli kreba~. krebis dadgenilebis
safuZvelze sparseTis mefem xosrom gasca brZaneba: `yvela Cemma qveSevrdomma
qristianma unda miiRos somxuri sarwmunoeba~100. qarTlisa da sxva sparseTis
imperiaSi Semavali qveynebis eklesiaTa meTaurebi da episkoposebi `aiZula
SeCuenebad kreba xalkidonisa, anu warsvla muniT~101. z. aleqsiZis azriT, 614
wlis krebis gadawyvetileba uaryo kirionma da miatova mcxeTis kaTalikosis
taxti, igi gadavida Tavissave samwysoSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi. `kirioni
yofila lazikis mitropoliti da 616 wels qarTlidan gadaxvewila~102. aqedan
Cans, rom qarTul eklesiaze somxur eklesias sparselTa nebiT hegemonoba
moupovebia. sparseTis saxelmwifos damarcxebis Semdeg herakle keisarma VII
s.-is 20-ian wlebSi e.w. unia Sekra somxur eklesiasTan. somxuri eklesiis
mimxroba herakle keisarisTvis udides warmatebas warmoadgenda, radganac
somxur eklesias didi avtoriteti da gavlena hqonda mopovebuli
amierkavkasiasa da aRmosavleT samyaroSi. amasTanave, isicaa aRsaniSnavi, rom
somxuri eklesia Tavis erovnul xasiaTs ufro met mniSvnelobas aniWebda,
vidre sarwmunoebriv orientacias. magaliTad, somxur eklesiaSi VII saukuneSi
Zlieri iyo rogorc monofizituri, ise qalkedonituri frTa. erT periodSi
somxuri eklesia orad iyo gayofili, qalkedonit da monofitiz somxebs
TavianTi kaTalikosebi hyavdaT. Semdeg es eklesia gaerTianda, magram somxuri
qalkedonituri
da
somxuri
monofizituri
eklesiebi
erTmaneTSi
Tanaarsebobdnen somxuri erTiani erovnuli eklesiis saxiT. VII saukuneSi
sakaTalikoso taxtze adiodnen rogorc qalkedoniti, ise monofiziti
kaTalikosebi. somxuri qalkedonituri frTa im droisaTvis mdebareobda
bizantiur mxaris (somxeTis dasavleTiT) - tao-klarjeTis mezoblad, xolo
somxuri monofizituri eklesia ki mdebareobda qvemo qarTlisa da hereTis
mezoblad. am mezoblobam Zlieri daRi daasva saqarTvelos kuTxeTa
istoriul beds. arabTa mpyrobelobis dros, saqarTveloSi moSlili iyo
saxelmwifoebrioba, mxolod mogvianebiT Seiqmna tao-klarjeTis, kaxeThereTisa da afxazeTis samefoebi, iqamde ki VI s-dan rogorc tao, ise hereTi
somxurma eklesiam moaqcia Tavisi iurisdiqciis sferoSi. taosa da hereTis
qarTveloba gadaiqca somxuri eklesiis mrevlad, igive bedi ewia mTel
samxreT saqarTvelos qarTvelobas, oRond erTi didi ganmasxvavebeli niSniT
- tao da samxreT-dasavleTis qarTveloba Sedioda somxuri qalkedonituri
eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi, hereTi da samxreT-aRmosavleTis qarTveloba
Sedioda somxur-monofizituri eklesiis iurisdiqciis sferoSi. rogorc taos,
ise hereTisa da mTeli samxreT saqarTvelos qarTuli eklesiebidan ganidevna
qarTulenovani RvTismsaxureba da dainerga somxurenovani RvTismsaxureba.

aRsaniSnavia, rom VI saukunis dasawyisSi qvemo qarTlSi wmida SuSanikis

saflavze agebul eklesiaSi, Semdgom ki curtavsa da gugarqis mraval
eklesiaSi, qarTvel mrevls daunerges somxurenovani RvTismsaxureba. es wesi
kirion
kaTalikosma
moSala
da
qarTul
mrevls
kvlav
aRudgina
qarTulenovani msaxureba, magram, rogorc aRiniSna, somxebma kirioni gaaZeves
qarTlis sakaTalikoso taxtidan, ris Semdegac, cxadia, albaT, kvlav
dauweses qvemo qarTlis qarTvelobas somxurenovani RvTismsaxureba. igive
bedi ewia, rogorc iTqva, taos, hereTsa da samxreT saqarTvelos qarTvelebs
VII saukuneSi. hereTma mxolod X saukuneSi SeZlo gadaegdo aramSobliuri
monofizituri eklesiis uReli da daubrunda qarTul dedaeklesias. xolo
tao-klarjeTis qarTveloba sixaruliT daubrunda qarTul dedaeklesias IX-X
saukuneebSi iq tao-klarjeTis e.w. `qarTvelTa samefos~ aRdgenis Semdgom.
cxadia, somxuri eklesiis wiaRSi yofnam Tavisi kvali daamCnia taos,
klarjeTs, mTel samxreT saqarTvelos, hereTis qarTul mosaxleobas, maT
SeiTvises somxuri enis elementebi, gaecnen somxur Sesabamis qalkedonitur
Tu monofizitur kulturas da sxv. uTuod es iyo sababi imisa, rom X s-is
bolosa da XI s-is dasawyisSi bizantia-saqarTvelos omis dros berZnebma eWvi
Seitanes qarTvelebis marTlmadideblobaSi. antioqiis patriarqs XI s-is
dasawyisSi svimon wmidas berebma moaxsenes maT monasterSi myofi qarTveli
berebis Sesaxeb: `ara uwyiT Tu qarTvelni arian, anu somexni da verca xucesi
maTi Jamsa wiravs monastersa Sina Cuensa. xolo ese marTali Tques, rameTu
vidre aqamomde mravliT JamiTgan qarTveli xucesi svimeon-wmidas Jamsa ver
wirvida amis mizezisaTvis, rameTu romelsame Jamsa sofluri vinme xucesi
axlad Camosuli wmidisa svimeonis suetsa zeda gamosrul iyo Jamis wirvad
qalamniTa da sabeWuriTa Tvinier samRvdeloisa Sesamoslis. viTarc iyo
pirvelad wesi Cueni da amisTvis ara uteobdes qarTulsa xucessa
Jamiswirvad~103, e.i. berZnebi qarTvel berebs wirvis Catarebis nebas ar
rTavdnen svimeon wmidaSi, radganac isini
samRvdelo Sesamoslis gareSe
atarebdnen wirvas, aseTi praqtika ki jer kidev e.w. trulis krebam akrZala da
somxeTSi arsebuli mwvaleblobis erT-erT saxed miiCnia. amitomac Ciodnen
berZnebi
antioqiel
patriarqTan
qarTveli
berebis
(Cans,
samxreT
saqarTvelodan CasulTa) Sesaxeb: `ver gavigeT qarTvelebi arian Tu somxebi,
Tumca
ki
qarTvelebs
uwodeben
TavianT
Tavs~.
maSasadame, samxreT
saqarTvelos qarTvelma qristianebma da samRvdeloebamac SeiTvises is wesebi,
romelic somxur eklesiaSi iyo miRebuli maTi qveynis somxuri eklesiis
iurisdiqciaSi yofnisas. amitom Cioda giorgi mcire: Cven marTlmadideblebi
varT, magram berZnebi cdilobdnen `raTa wmidasa amas da marTalsa
sarwmunoebasa Cvensa biwi raime daswamon~104. aseve mwvaleblobaSi dades
brali mTawmidis qarTvel berebsac XI s-is pirvel naxevarSi. am SemTxvevaSi
berZnebisaTvis sababi is yofila, rom maT SeumCneviaT qarTuli wmida werilis
somxuri redaqciebis mixedviT redaqtireba. amaSic eTanxmeba giorgi mcire
berZnebs da ambobs: `egreTve daRacaTu pirveliTganve guqondes werilnica da
sarwmunoeba WeSmariti da marTali, garna qveyana Cveni Sors iyo qveyanisagan
saberZneTisa da viTarca Teslni arawmidani Soris Cvensa daTesul iyvnes
borotni igi Teslni somexTani, gularZnilni da manqanani da amis mier friad
gvevneboda, rameTu naTesavi Cveni wrfeli iyo da umanko, xolo igini reca

mizeziTa wesierebisaiTa, reca cdunebad gvazmnobdes da romelnime wignica

guqondes maTgan Targmnili~105.
giorgi mcire exeba im sakiTxs, romelic Cven zemoT ganvixileT, kerZod,
Tavdapirvelad qarTvelebs gvqonda wmida werilis berZnuli enidan kargad
gadmoRebuli Targmanebi (Cans IV-V saukuneebSi), Semdgom saberZneTisagan
gangvaSora sparseTis saxelmwifom, VI-VIII saukuneebSi `viTarca Teslni
arawmidani Soris Cvensa daTesul iyvnes borotni Teslni somexTani,
gularZnilni da manqanani da amis mier friad gvevneboda~, kerZod, somexma
sasuliero pirebma xan `wesierebis momizezebiT~, xanac ki Cvens sacduneblad
qarTuli wmida werilis redaqtireba SeZles ukve somxuri enidan da
zogierTi
saeklesio
wignic
iTargmna
somxuridan.
am
mdgomareobis
gamosworeba daiwyo ukve VIII saukuneebidan da mimdinareobda XI saukunis
meore naxevramde. gansakuTrebiT iRvawes eqvTime da giorgi mTawmindelebma,
pirvelma
`zemoxsenebuli
RvarZlisagan
sruliad
ganwminda
mravlad
106
TargmanebiTa wmidaTa werilTaiTa~ . giorgi mcires eqvTime mTawmindelis
udides damsaxurebad miaCnia somxuri `RvarZlisagan~ qarTuli wmida werilis
ganwmeda misi SejerebiT berZnul redaqciebTan. igive samuSao Cautarebia
giorgi
mTawmindelsac,
romelmac
zogierTi
qarTuli
wigni
`odesme
Targmnilni da wuT ver keTilad gamoRebulni, gina Tu Jamsa sigrZiTa ucebTa
da ugunurTa mxmarebelTagan dageslebulni, viTarca vTqviT, brZmedsa mas
Sina wmidisa mis gonebisa Tvisisasa gamoadvna da gamoaxurva~107.
`ugunur mxmarebelTagan dageslebul~ wignebSi SeiZleba igulisxmebodes
`pirveliTgan~ marTlad Targmnili wmida werilis somxur redaqciebTan
Sejereba.
rogorc iTqva, IX-X saukuneebSi samxreT saqarTvelosa da hereTis
qarTveloba daubrunda qarTuli dedaeklesiis wiaRs. es iyo didZali
mosaxleoba. iqamde, somxuri eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi yofnis dros am
qarTvelTa yovelTvis hqondaT udidesi miswrafeba dabrunebodnen Tavis
erovnul eklesias, xelsayreli politikuri viTarebisTanave es udidesi
odenoba qarTvelebisa sixaruliT SeuerTda erovnul wiaRs. am dros moxda
ara `somexi qalkedonitebis~ gaqarTveleba, rogorc warmoudgenia zogierT
mecniers, aramed, piriqiT, iqamde somxuri eklesiis samwysodan Tavdaxsnili
mosaxleobis dabruneba Tavis erovnul eklesiaSi. maSasadame, adgili ar
hqonia arc `somexTa~ da arc `her-albanelTa~ gaqarTvelebas. herebi
(igulismeba ara albanelebi, aramed kaxeTis momijnave hereTis mosaxleoba)
imTaviTve qarTvelebi iyvnen, magram mxolod `somxurenovanni~ saeklesio
TvalsazrisiT, rogorc taoeli qarTvelebi. es qarTveloba dedaeklesiis
wiaRSi dabrunebisas inaTleboda kidec, radgan qarTul eklesiaSi miRebuli
wesis Tanaxmad, somxuri eklesiis yofil wevrTa monaTvla aucilebeli iyo.
ase moinaTla `gvirpeli~ aTonis lavraSi. igi am monaTvliT ki ar
`gaqarTvelda~, rogorc miaCnia zogierT mkvlevars, aramed igi, iqamdec
erovnebiT qarTveli, Sevida erovnuli eklesiis wiaRSi. grigol bakurianis Ze
petriwonis monastris tipikonSi wers: `...vinaica menebos, naTesavTa CemTa da
msaxurTa CemTa, daRacaTu somexni iyvnen sarwmunoebiTa~108. gasagebia, rom
grigol bakurianis Zes, rogorc taoel didebuls, SesaZloa hyoloda
`sarwmunoebiT~ `somexi~ naTesavebi da msaxurebic, radgan, rogorc vTqviT,
taos mkvidri qarTveloba saukuneTa manZilze somxuri eklesiis mrevls

warmoadgenda, maT amitom miiRes `somxuri sarwmunoeba~, magram isini

`naTesaviT~, gvartomobiT qarTvelebi iyvnen. `qarTvelni varT naTesaviT mxneni
da mxedrobiT aRzrdilni~; `monazonni monastrisa Cemisni guarad (e.i. gvartomiT) qarTvelni arian~ da sxva msgavss werda grigol bakurianis Ze. es
`sarwmunoebiT somexi~, xolo `naTesaviT~, gvariT, warmomavlobiT qarTvelebi
daubrundnen samSoblo ersa da eklesias. ase rom, IX-XI saukuneebSi ar hqonia
adgili araviTar `gaqarTvelebas~. piriqiT, saerTaSoriso araxelsayreli
viTarebis gamo, TiTqmis 400 wlis manZilze, VI-X saukuneebSi, amierkavkasiis
masStabiT im droisaTvis uZlieresma somexTa eklesiam SeZlo qarTvelebis
erTi nawilis moqceva somxuri eklesiis wiaRSi. amas saTave daedo dvinis 506
wlis krebis Semdeg. sabednierod, qarTulma eklesiam moipova Zala RvTis
SewevniT da SeZlo Tavis mrevlis erovnuli da fizikuri gadarCena.
VI s-is damdegs, siriuli wyaros cnobiT, qarTlis samefoSi iyo 33
episkoposi, xolo VII s-is damdegs (608 wels) _ 35. dvinis 506 wlis saeklesio
krebas SeeZlo udidesi uaryofiTi zegavlena moexdina qarTuli eklesiis
Semdgom cxovrebaze, qarTveli episkoposebi maRal sulier simaRleze rom ar
aRmoCeniliyvnen. maT qarTvel ers SeunarCunes mociqulTagan miRebuli
marTlmadidebloba.
sabolood, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, dvinis saeklesio krebam, romelSic 24
qarTveli
episkoposi
monawileobda,
warmoaCina
qarTuli
eklesiis
TavisTavadoba da TviTmyofadoba.
3. mcxeTis krebebi (VII s-is dasawyisSi)
meSvide saukunis pirvel naxevarSi qarTlis mTavrad wodebulma
stefanoz adarnases Ze farnavazian-xosroianma qalkedonuri aRmsareblobis
erTgulma da `sjulis ganmwmendelma~ axlad aSenebuli mcxeTis jvris
taZris galavanSi aaSena darbazebi da brZana: `kreba yovelTa paraskevTa da
mun Sekrbian yovelni episkoposni da mRvdelni mis adgilisa da arisani
kaTalikosis Tana, winaSe patiosnisa juarisa, viTarca didi paraskevi.
xolo sakaTalikososa arian krebani yovelTa xuTSabaTTa da adidian wmida
sioni, viTarca didsa xuTSabaTsa, saidumlosa Tana xorciTa da sisxliTa
qristesiTa, xolo mcxeTas saepiskopososa arn yovelTa samSabaTTa kreba da
xseneba pirvel mowamis stefanesi da yovelTa mowameTa, didisa misgan
Zlierebisa sparsTasa, romel wamebul iyvnes da abibos nekresel
episkoposis dResaswaulsa missa ufros yovelTa dResaswaulTasa Sekrbian
da adidebdian RmerTsa~109.
esaa uZvelesi da ueWveli cnoba saqarTveloSi saeklesio krebaTa Sesaxeb.
masSi daculia iseTi faqtebi, romelTac arabTa Semosevebis Semdgom aRar
hqonda simZafre. kerZod, aq aris ganzogadebuli erToblivi xseneba sparsTa
`didi Zlierebis~ dros sarwmunoebisaTvis Tavdadebul mowameebisa. arabTa
Semosevebisas imdeni axali mowame gaCnda, rom qarTuli eklesia sparsTa
Zlierebis dros gaCenil mowameTa erT romelime dRes saerTo xsenebas aRar
aRniSnavda. aseve es aris cnoba, rom mcxeTaSi `saepiskoposo samarxavSi~
dakrZaluli abibos nekreselis xseneba yvelaze ufro didi dResaswauli iyo,

rac, albaT, asec iyo VII saukunis dasawyisSi. ase rom, cnobebi ueWvelia da
moTxrobili ambis Tanadroulia.
matianes mowmobiT, aRniSnul saukuneSi saeklesio krebebi imarTeboda
episkoposebisa da samRvdeloebis monawileobiT mcxeTis jvris taZarTan
(yovel
paraskevs).
yovel
xuTSabaTs
saeklesio
krebebi
imarTeboda
sveticxovelSi da yovel samSabaTs _ samTavros taZarSi.
es saeklesio krebebi, cxadia, ar iyo sruliad qarTuli eklesiis kreba,
magram masSi monawileobda qarTuli eklesiis umTavresi birTvi kaTalikosi da `yovelni episkoposni da mRvdelni mis adgilisa da arisani
kaTalikosis Tana~110. maSasadame, kaTalikosTan erTad monawileobda
mcxeTeli episkoposi, romelsac `mTavarepiskoposis~ wodeba hqonda, xolo
rezidencia samTavroSi, albaT, wilkneli episkoposi da axlo mdebare
eparqiaTa episkoposebi, yovel SemTxvevaSi ara erTi, aramed ramdenime
episkoposi. rogorc cnobilia, VI s-is dasawyisSi qarTlis sakaTalikosoSi
35 episkoposi iyo. aqedan, albaT, kaTalikosis karze yoveldRiurad
ramdenime mainc imyofeboda. Cveni fiqriT, yovel paraskevs, yovel
xuTSabaTsa da yovel samSabaTs gamarTul mcxeTis krebebze monawiloebas
iRebda qarTuli eklesiis mmarTveloba, SeiZleba mas sinodis krebebic
vuwodoT. rogorc moyvanili cnobidan Cans, es krebebi ar moicavda mxolod
sxdomebs, aramed mas Tan erTvoda, rac zogjer umTavresi momenti iyo,
wirva, locvebi, xalxis dalocva da sxva saeklesio saqmianoba.
swored mcxeTis am krebebma, uaqtiuresma saeklesio saqmianobam,
SeunarCuna saeklesio dedaqalaqis saxeli mcxeTas Semdgom saukuneebSi, im
drosac ki, roca Semdeg arabTa Semosevebis gamo igi, faqtobrivad,
dangreuli iyo da dakarguli hqonda funqciuri datvirTva. rogorc Cans,
arabTa da Turq-seljukTa Semosevebisas saeklesio krebebi dedaqalaq
mcxeTaSi ki aRar imarTeboda, aramed, magaliTad, javaxeTSi, RrtilaSi,
quTaisSi da sxvagan. mxolod XI saukuneSi saqarTvelos gaerTianebis Semdeg
daibruna mcxeTam Zveli drois sidiade.
4. antioqiis IOsaeklesio kreba
(VIII s. 50-iani wlebi)
qvemo iberiis, anu afxazeTis sakaTalikosos Camoyalibeba
msoflio qristianobis erT-erT udides dedaqalaqSi antioqiaSi, cxadia,
mravali saeklesio kreba Catarda saukuneTa manZilze, magram Cveni
gansaxilveli TemisaTvis sainteresoa antioqiis is krebebi, romlebzedac
ganixiles qarTuli eklesiis sakiTxi. erTi aseTi kreba Catarebula VIII
saukunis 50-ian wlebSi, mravali istoriuli wyaro da avtori miuTiTebs am
krebis Sesaxeb. aRniSnuli kreba warmoadgens antioqiaSi qarTuli eklesiis
Sesaxeb Catarebul krebaTagan erT-erT pirvels, amitomac Cven mas vuwodebT
`antioqiis I saeklesio krebas~ gansasxvaveblad antioqiaSive XI s-is 50-ian
wlebSi Catarebuli krebisagan.
mravali Tanamedrove mecnieri miiCnevs antioqias im eklesiad, romelmac
qarTul eklesias avtokefalia mianiWa. erTni fiqroben, rom es moxda V

saukuneSi petre fulonis an romelime misi Tanamosaydris mier, meoreni

uTiTeben VIII saukunis Cvens gansaxilvel krebas, mesameni ki XI s-is 50-ian
wlebs, magram xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom swored antioqiis patriarqebTan
Semdgari krebebis dros msoflio saeklesio kanonebis udidesi mcodne wmida
giorgi mTawmindeli ar miiCnevda antioqias qarTuli eklesiisaTvis
dedaeklesiad, e.i. misi azriT, qarTul eklesias ar miuRia antioqiisagan
avtokefalia da qarTuli eklesia Tavidanve, mociqulTa droidanve,
damoukidebeli iyo, radgan IX-XI saukuneTa saeklesio samarTlebrivi
TvalsazrisiT mociqulTa mier daarsebuli da, saerTod, I-III saukuneebSi
arsebuli `erovnuli saeklesio Temebi~ erTmaneTisagan damoukidebelni iyvnen.
Tuki qarTuli eklesia daarsebuli iyo andria pirvelwodebulis an sxva
romelime mociqulis mier, maSin igi, iseve, rogorc saerTod, romis imperiasa
da sxva qveynebSi arsebuli eklesiebi, Tavidanve Tavisufali da avtokefaluri
unda yofiliyo. amis dasamtkiceblad mxolod imis Secnoba iyo saWiro,
iqadaga Tu ara saqarTveloSi romelime wmida mociqulma. marTlac, giorgi
mTawmindelma antioqiis sapatriarqo krebaze daamtkica, rom saqarTvelo
wmida andriam gananaTla, maSasadame, igi Tavidanve samociqulo, e.i.
TavisTavadi da avtokefaluri eklesia iyo. am mtkicebaTa dros giorgi
mTawmindeli gamarjvebuli gamovida, es moxda XI s-is 50-ian wlebSi. giorgi
mTawmindelis am CvenebaTa winaaRmdeg TiTqosda miuTiTebda efrem mcirisa da
sxvaTa mier moZiebuli cnoba antioqiis sapatriarqo karze VIII s. 50-ian
wlebSi Catarebuli krebis Sesaxeb, romelmac ganixila qarTuli eklesiis
sakiTxi da arasruli avtokefalia mianiWa mas. vaxtang goilaZem gamoikvlia,
am dros saqme exeboda ara sruliad saqarTvelos, anu mcxeTis eklesias,
aramed dasavleT saqarTvelos im nawilis saeklesio beds, romelic VIII
saukunisaTvis
bizantiis
imperiis
nawils
Seadgenda,
eklesiurad
konstantinopolis
sapatriarqosadmi
iyo
daqvemdebarebuli
da
misgan
gaTavisuflebas cdilobda.
saqme is aris, rom saeklesio iurisdiqciis TvalsazrisiT, VII saukunis
Semdeg saqarTvelo or nawilad iyo gayofili. qveynis udides nawils Tavis
iurisdiqciaSi iqvemdebarebda mcxeTis sakaTalikoso, xolo dasavleT
saqarTvelos zRvispireTi e.w. skanda-Sorapnis xazamde konstantinopolis
sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda politikuri mizezebis gamo. VIII
saukuneSi TandaTanobiT gaerTianda dasavleT saqarTvelo afxazeTis
mTavrebis hegemoniiT, daiwyo fiqri qveynis bizantielTagan eklesiuri
gaTavisuflebisaTvis. amave dros bizantiaSi aRmoceneba iwyo xatmebrZolobis
eresma,
romlis
centrs
konstantinopoli
warmoadgenda.
dasavleT
saqarTvelos qarTuli mosaxleoba yovelTvis mtkiced icavda mociqulTagan
miRebul swavlebas, maSasadame, misTvis miuRebeli iyo xatmebrZoluri eresi.
dasavleT saqarTvelos berZnuli saepiskoposoebic, radganac isini qarTveli
mosaxleobis eparqiebi iyvnen, cxadia, cdilobdnen rogorme aeridebinaT
sasuliero kavSiri xatmebrZolur konstantinopolTan, amasTanave, yvela ZalRones xmarobdnen yovelgvari saeklesio sakiTxi moegvarebinaT saeklesio
wesebis sruli dacviT. dasavleT saqarTvelos aRniSnuli saepiskoposoebi
cdilobdnen kanonikuri kavSiri daemyarebinaT erTiani berZnuli eklesiis
sxva romelime sapatriarqosTan, kerZod ki, antioqiasTan. miT umetes, rom
arabTa Semosevebis gamo, TiTqmis 80 wlis ganmavlobaSi, daaxloebiT 650-iani

wlebidan
730-ian
wlebamde,
antioqiis
patriarqebi
konstantinopolSi
imyofebodnen da ara antioqiaSi.
gansaxilvel krebamde sul ramdenime xniT adre, VIII s-is dasawyisSi.
konstantinopolidan dabrunebul ierarqs aRudgenia antioqiis sapatriarqo
taxti.
ase
rom,
antioqiis
patriarqi
im
droisaTvis
SesaZlebelia
konstantinopolis udidesi eklesiis erT-erT nawiladac ki yofiliyo
miCneuli, oRondac im gansxvavebiT, rom antioqia icavda marTlmadideblur
sarwmunoebas, xatTayvaniscemas uWerda mxars, xolo konstantinopolSi,
rogorc aRiniSna, xatmebrZoluri eresi iyo gabatonebuli. marTlac,
dasavleT saqarTvelos qarTveli ierarqebi Casulan antioqiaSi saeklesio
sakiTxebis gadasaWrelad. efrem mcire wers: `dReTa konstantine skoris
mosaxelisaTa, antioqias patriaqobisa netarisa Teofilaqtessa, movides
qarTliT mociqulad monazonni orni mouTxres netarsa Teofilaqtes,
viTarmed didsa Wirsa Sina arian qristeaneni mkvidrni qarTvelTa
soflebisani. rameTu dRiTagan netarisa anastasi mRvdel-mowamisa antioqiel
patriarqisa ara kurTxeul ars maTda kaTalikosi mTavarepiskoposi
siZnelisaTvis gzisa, rameTu agarinTagan vervin ikadrebs svlad. xolo man
bWobiTa krebisaTa mTavarepiskoposTa, mitropolitTa da episkoposTa TvisTa
Tana misca qarTvelTa protreptikoni, romel ars ganxsniTi, raTa TviT maTisa
sazRvris episkoposTagan xelni daesxmodian Jamad-Jamadsa kaTalikossa
qarTlisasa, raica saRmrToman madlman uCvenos maT da romeli gamoarCion
moyvasTa Tavisa eklesiisaTa... da Seuqmna maT aRweriT mosaxsenebeli Tavisa
TvisisaTvis da mun Semokrebulisa krebisaTvis da xelT-dasxmul yo erTi
orTa maT missa movlinebulTa monazonTagani saxeliT ioane mis Jamisa
kaTalikosad maTda~111.
rogorc aRiniSna, antioqieli patriarqebi arabTa Semosevis gamo
aTwleulebis
manZilze
konstantinopolSi
imyofebodnen
tridornis
RvTismSoblis eklesiaSi. isini TavianT sicocxleSi antioqiaSi ar Casulan,
VI
msoflio
krebaze
arCeuli
Teofane
antioqieli
patriarqis
gardacvalebamde. amis Semdeg antioqielma qristianebma xalifa haSinis (723-43)
nebarTviT aRadgines antioqiis kaTedra112 (Cans, igulisxmeba hiSami).
antioqieli patriarqis Teofilaqtes dros (744-750) antioqiaSi Casul
qarTvelTa saeklesio delegacias miuRwevia mieRo arasruli avtokefalia
imJamad
berZnul
eklesiaze
daqvemdebarebuli
dasavleT
saqarTvelos
nawilisaTvis. v. goilaZem gaarkvia, rom Teofilaqte antioqielis mier 744-750
wlebSi saqarTvelos kaTalikosad xeldasxmuli ioane dasavleT saqarTvelos
(afxazeTis) pirvel (avtokefalur?) kaTalikosad unda iqnes miCneuli. misi
moRvaweoba 744 wlis Semdgom xanaze modis113.
efremis cnobas `antioqiuri qronografidan~, romelsac Cvenamde ar
mouRwevia, imeorebs efremis Tanamedrove da TanamoRvawe nikon SavmTeli
Tavis `panediqtebSi~. am cnobaSi, rogorc zemoT iyo moyvanili, naxsenebia
bizantiis
imperatori
xatmebrZoli
konstantine
V
(719-775).
igi
marTlmadideblebs sZuldaT da metsaxelic Searqves xatmebrZolobis gamo _
`funiani~ (mudam sajiniboSi iyo cxenTa siyvarulis gamo), qarTulad ki
Searqves `skore~, rac igive metsaxelia. am imperatoris dros antioqiaSi
`iberiidan~ mosula ori monazoni, Tanaxmad nikon SavmTelisa. nikons naxsenebi
aqvs ara `qarTli~, aramed `iberia~. efrem mcires, vaxtang goilaZis

gamokvleviT, dauSvia mravali qronologiuri Secdoma qarTuli eklesiis

istoriuli Txrobis gadmocemis dros114. Cven ierusalimeli patriarqebis
cnobebis analizis safuZvelze SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom man Secdoma dauSva
saqarTvelos istoriul geografiaSic. kerZod, ucxoelebi iberias uwodebdnen
ara mxolod aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelosac.
xSirad isini aRmosavleT saqarTvelos `zemo iberias~, xolo dasavleT
saqarTvelos `qvemo iberias~ uwodebdnen. rogorc nikonis cnobidan Cans,
`antioqiur qronografSi~ ewera, rom antioqiaSi delegacia mivida `qvemo
iberiidan~, anda ubralod `iberiidan~, magram igulisxmeboda dasavleT
saqarTvelo. efremma ki sityva `iberia~ Targmna, rogorc `qarTli~.
Semdegdroindelma istorikosebma, bunebrivia, `qarTlis~ qveS igulisxmes
aRmosavleT saqarTvelo da efrem-nikonis cnoba mcxeTis sakaTalikososadmi
mikuTvnebul cnobad miiCnies. maSasadame, `antioqiur qronografSi~ ewera, rom
saeklesio delegacia antioqiaSi mivida `iberiidan~, `qvemo iberiidan~. am
azris dasadastureblad moviyvanoT ierusalimeli patriarqebis: dosiTeosisa
da xrisanfis (qrisanTos) cnobebi. XVII saukunis ierusalimeli patriarqi
dosiTeosi wers: `iberiaSi ori avtokefaluri arqiepiskoposia, romelTac
qarTvelebi kaTalikoss uwodeben. qvemo iberias, romelsac Zvelad kolxeTi
da lazika erqva, aqvs eparqiebi imereTSi, guriaSi, samegreloSi, afxazeTSi,
svaneTSi
da
mesxeTis
nawilSi.
es
eparqiebi
eqvemdebarebodnen
konstantinopolis saydars fasidis mitropolitis saSualebiT... ase rom,
herakles Semdeg lev isavrosamde qvemo iberia ukve avtokefaluri
saarqiepiskoposo iyo, magram ar viciT, romeli imperatoris dros da romel
krebaze mianiWes mas avtokefalia. zemo da qvemo iberias Soris sazRvari aris
qedi, romelic kavkasiis mTebSi iwyeba, qarTulad qulfargi hqvia, qvemo
iberiis kaTalikosi pativiT ufro metia zemo iveriis kaTalikosze, radganac
is ukve isavrosis dros 720 wels kaTalikosi iyo qvemo iberiisa... iberebi
qvemo iberiis kaTalikoss miiCneven ufros kaTalikosad, radganac mefe, e.i.
imereTis Tavi, maTTan iwodeba mTeli iberiis mefed-mefed115.
meore ierusalimeli patriarqi imave epoqisa - xrisanfi ambobs:
`saqarTveloSi, romelsac adre iberia erqva, iyo ori avtokefaluri
arqiepiskoposi... amaTgan erTi arqiepiskoposi qvemo iberiisa iwodeboda
imereTis, oseTis, guriis da sruliad qvemo iberiis unetares kaTalikosad,
anu martivad sruliad iberiis unetares kaTalikosad, rogorc ufro ufrosi
zemo iberiis kaTalikosze, xolo meore, e.i. zemo iberiisa iwodeboda
qarTlis, kaxeTis, alvaneTis, sruliad zemo iberiis unetares kaTalikosad...
romeli imperatoris dros an romel krebaze gaxda is saarqiepiskoposo, Cven
zustad ver davadgineT, magram 26 ivnisis svinaqsarSi vpoulobT, rom ioane
goTeTis episkoposi xeldasxmul iqna iberiis kaTalikosis mier, radganac
qveynebSi batonobda xatmebrZolTa eresi, ase rom, rogorc Cans, herakles
Semdeg isavramde qvemo iberia saarqiepiskoposo gaxda~116.
rogorc zemoT moyvanili ierusalimeli patriarqebis Txzulebidan Cans,
dasavleT saqarTvelos marTlac `qvemo iberias~, anu `iberias~ uwodebdnen
herakle keisris drosac (e.i. VII s-Si) da Semdgomac. XVII saukunis
ierusalimeli patriarqebi xSirad stumrobdnen dasavleT saqarTvelos
eklesias imis gamo, rom imereTis mefeebi qristianebi iyvnen, xolo im
droisaTvis qarTlisa da kaxeTis mefe-xanebi ki mahmadianebi. imereTis mefes,

sruliad samarTlianad, Tavisi Tavi miaCnda Zveli qristiani qarTveli mefeT

mefeebis
legitimur
memkvidred.
amasTanave,
imereTis,
anu
afxazeTis
kaTalikosebi
(mahmadianur
uRelqveS
moqceuli
qarTl-kaxeTisagan
gansxvavebiT) sruliad saqarTvelos (anu iberiis) mTavarkaTalikosebad
Tvlidnen TavianT Tavs.
maSasadame, aRniSnuli patriarqis dros swored
`qvemo iberiis~, anu dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTalikosebi miiCnevdnen sruliad
saqarTvelos uzenaes saWeTmpyrobelad TavianT Tavs. aseTi tendenciebi
SeumCneviaT ierusalimel-antioqiel patriarqebs da SeutaniaT TavianT
TxzulebebSi. XVII s-is ierusalimeli patriarqebi cdilan gaerkviaT, Tu
rodis moipova TavisTavadoba dasavleT saqarTvelos, anu `qvemo iberiis~
eklesiam da gaurkveviaT, rom es moxda imperator herakles Semdeg lev
isavrosamde anu VII-VIII ss-Si. aseTi Zieba qarTulsave wyaroebSi gaagrZeles
SemdgomSi saqarTveloSi Camosulma antioqielma patriarqebma da sxva
aRmosavlelma mRvdelmTavrebma da samRvdelo pirebma. magaliTad, aseTi iyo
antioqieli patriarqi XVII saukunisa makariosi. igi, rogorc sxva misi
Tanamoazreebi, eZiebda, Tu rodis moipova dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiam
Tavisufleba. mis Ziebas warmateba mohyolia (antioqiel-ierusalimeli
patriarqebi da sasuliero pirebi qarTul wyaroebSi eZebdnen saWiro cnobebs,
maT mzeWabuk mesxeTis mTavarsac moupoves aseTi cnoba).
patriarqi makariosi werda, rom antioqiel patriarq Teofilaqtes dros,
merve saukuneSi, afxazeTis mefe daviTma antioqiaSi gagzavna sasuliero
delegacia. maT gzaze yaCaRebi daxvdnen da gaZarcves, ori maTgani gadarCa.
Teofilaqtem moiwvia kreba, romelzedac gadawyda afxazeTisaTvis daeniSna
damoukidebeli
kaTalikosi,
romelic
afxazeTisaTvis
akurTxebda
mRvdelmTavrebs, magram im pirobiT, rom moixseniebda antioqiis patriarqebs...
erTi maTgani ioane patriarqma kaTalikosad akurTxa, mas mudmivad unda
ecxovra afxazeTSi, meore afxazi patriarqma episkoposad akurTxa da orive
samSoblo, afxazeTSi gamoistumra117.
makariosis mixedviT, es pirveli kaTalikosi iyo ioane. antioqiis
patriarqs dautovebia ufleba dasavleT saqarTveloSi yovelwliurad
gaegzavna
egzarqosi
mRvdelmTavarTa
da
winamZRolTa
saqcielis
gamosaZieblad da Sewiruli soflebidan Semosavlis asakrefad. didi drois
Semdeg,
makariosis
mixedviT,
antioqiis
patriarq
Teodores
(970-975)
saqarTveloSi mwvalebelTa RvarZlis aRmocenebis dros gaugzavnia afxazeTSi
wesrigis dasamyareblad Tavisi mdivani basili. afxazeTis eklesias aseve am
dros mieca mironis adgilzeve, mcxeTidan miRebis ufleba.
makariosis cnobidan aSkarad Cans, rom antioqiis CvenTvis saintereso
krebas patriarq Teofilaqtes dros gadauWria ara sruliad saqarTvelos
(mcxeTis) eklesiis sakiTxi, aramed qarTuli eklesiis im nawilisa, romelic
dasavleT saqarTveloSi arsebobda. sxva sakiTxia, Seesabameba Tu ara misi
yvela monacemi sinamdviles. msgavsi cnoba aqvs XVIII s-is antioqiel mRvdels
miqael breks, romlis Tanaxmad, mefe daviTs antioqiaSi gaugzavnia ara ori,
aramed 12 monazoni, 10 arabebs mouklavT gzaSi. brekis cnobebi qarTuli
eklesiis Sesaxeb emyareba efrem mcires Txzulebis monacemebs (isini qarTul
xelnawerebSi iyo mimobneuli) da agreTve, cxadia, sxva wyaroebs. magaliTad, m.
brekis cnobiT, antioqiaSi qarTveli kaTalikosis Casvla xeldasasxmelad IV
s-dan, evstaTi antioqielis droidan modis, es cnoba aSkarad efrem mcires

cnobis gameorebaa. evstaTi antioqielis saxeli TviT efremma CarTo Tavis

TxzulebaSi. mironis Sesaxebac efremis cnobebs imeorebs sxva cnobebis
gameorebasTan erTa118.
rogorc zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, yvela ucxoeli avtori, maT Soris,
dosiTeosi, xrisanfi, makariosi da brekic ki VIII s-is 50-ian wlebSi Semdgari
antioqiis krebis gadawyvetilebas akavSireben ara mcxeTis sakaTalikososTan,
aramed dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiasTan, romelic aRniSnul dros
marTlac mowyvetili iyo qarTul dedaeklesias da ibrZoda berZnebisagan
eklesiuri damoukideblobis misaRwevad. amitomac, dabejiTebiT unda iTqvas,
rom `antioqiur qronografSi~, saidanac aRniSnuli krebis Sesaxeb cnobebi
aqvT amoRebuli efrem mciresa da nikon SavmTels, laparakia ara `qarTlis~,
aramed `iberiis~ eklesiis Sesaxeb. berZnuli wyaro `iberiis~ qveS, rogorc
aRiniSna, gulisxmobda ara aRmosavleT, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelos,
radganac saqarTvelos orive nawils `iberias~ uwodebdnen ucxoelebi.
aqedan gamomdinare, aRniSnul avtorTa yovelgvari cnoba, gamomavali
`antioqiuri qronografidan~ Seexeboda dasavleT saqarTvelos da ara
mcxeTis eklesias, esaa mironis kurTxevis uflebis, egzarqosis gamogzavnis,
arasruli avtokefalis da sxvaTa Sesaxeb.
rogorc wyaroebi aRniSnaven, herakle keisris droidan qarTuli
dedaeklesiisagan mowyvetili da konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi Sesuli
dasavleT saqarTvelos `berZnuli~ saepiskoposoebi VIII saukunidan Seecadnen
mieRwiaT berZnuli centrebidan damoukideblobisaTvis. marTlac, maT
moipoves damoukidebloba. isini nel-nela ara mxolod gamovidnen berZnuli
centrebis daqvemdebarebidan, aramed TandaTanobiT berZnulenovani wirvalocvac ki Secvales qarTulenovaniT, da rac kidev ufro arsebiTia,
berZnuli saepiskoposo kaTedrebis nacvlad daaarses WeSmaritad qarTuli
kaTedrebi, romelTagan, albaT, umTavresi biWvinTis kaTedris Semdeg
Wyondidis kaTedra iyo. es procesi gagrZelda TiTqmis 200 wlis manZilze.
iqamde ki berZnuli centrebidan mirons, kaTalikosis xeldasxmasa Tu
egzarqoss marTlac iRebdnen. rogorc iTqva, sabolood saqarTvelos es
nawili qarTul dedaeklesias daubrunda.
mxolod
berZnulenovani
saepiskoposoebis
sruli
gaqrobisa
da
qarTulenovani kaTedrebis xelqveS qarTuli mrevlis moqcevis Semdeg unda
ecno sruliad saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriv da saeklesio mmarTvelobas
dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiis dabruneba qarTuli dedaeklesiis wiaRSi
oficialuri saxiT. es `qarTlis cxovrebis~ CanarTis Tanaxmad, momxdara 830
wels, bagrat kurapalatis dros. pavle ingoroyvas gamokvleviT, am
droisaTvis
mcxeTis
sakaTalikosos
afxazeTis,
anu
`qvemo
iberiis~
eklesiisaTvis gadaucia iqamde mis samwysoSi Semavali argveTi. amis Semdeg
afxazeTis sakaTalikosos iurisdiqcia vrceldeboda Savi zRvidan lixis
mTamde. am aqtis Semdgom mcxeTis uzenaesi saeklesio iurisdiqcia aRdga
sruliad saqarTvelos miwa-wyalze _ Savi zRvis sanapiroebidan TiTqmis
kaspiispireTamde.
eklesia
gaerTianda,
afxazeTis
kaTalikoss
ewoda
`umrwemesi~.
aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos
istoriuli
sazRvari
gadioda
mdinare
TeTrwylamde, anu Semaxiis mTebamde, romelic kaspiis zRvidan sul ramdenime
aTeuli kilometriTaa daSorebuli, swored aqamde aRwevda qarTvelTa

eTnikuri gansaxlebis sazRvari. CrdiloeT albaneTSi mcxovrebi mosaxleoba

eTnikuri
warmomavlobiT
qarTveluri
tomebi
iyvnen,
amitomac
isini
sarwmunoebrivad
marTlmadideblebs
uWerdnen
mxars.
maTi
eTnikuri
warmomavlobiT iyo gamowveuli is, rom rogorc ki politikurad amis
SesaZlebloba miecaT, CrdiloeT albaneTSi mcxovrebi mosaxleoba iqca
mrevlad swored qarTuli eklesiisa da ara somxuri anda albanuri
eklesiisa.
Sav
zRvamde
qarTuli
eklesia
iurisdiqcias
avrcelebda
IV-V
saukuneebSive. rogorc TviTon berZeni avtorebi miuTiTeben, lazebma da
iberebma erTdroulad miiRes qristianoba IV saukuneSi. qarTuli wyaros
Tanaxmad, mirian mefem `naTeli sca yovelTa iverielTa~. mirians ki igive
wyaro dasavleT saqarTvelos mefedac miiCnevda. radganac iberiis, anu
qarTlis samefo moicavda dasavleT saqarTvelos mdinare egriswylamde,
xolo vaxtang gorgasalis dros sazRvari gadaweul iqna mdinare klisuramde,
anu cxumis mxareSi gamaval Tanamedrove mdinare kelasuramde. VI saukuneSi,
rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, mcxeTis kaTalikosi kirioni, somxur wyaroTa
mixedviT, `winandeli wesis Tanaxmad megrelTa arqiepiskoposi iyo~, maSasadame,
VI s-is dasawyisSi qarTuli eklesiis sazRvari gadioda Sav zRvaze. mxolod
VII s-is 20-30-ian wlebSi CamoaSora herakle keisarma saqarTvelos zRvispira
teritoria, rogorc es aRniSnuli iyo, sadac konstantinopolma Tavisi
iurisdiqcia ganaxorciela. am CamoSorebuli kuTxis qarTvelobam aswlovani
brZoliT SeZlo kvlav dabruneboda qarTul dedaeklesias, es procesi VII
saukuneSive
dawyebula
da
gansakuTrebuli
gamoxatva
miuRia
Cvens
gansaxilvel antioqiis I saeklesio krebaze, VIII s-is 50-ian wlebSi. am krebaze
aseve dawyebula mironis sakiTxis gadaWrac. kerZod, iqamde, cxadia, marTlac
qarTlisagan CamoSorebuli zRvispira teritoriis `berZnuli~ saepiskoposoebi
VII s-is 20-30-iani wlebidanve konstantinopolidan, anda romelime sxva
berZnuli sapatriarqodan miiRebdnen mirons da ara mcxeTidan.
rac Seexeba mcxeTis sakaTalikosos, aq mirons akurTxebdnen uZvelesi
droidanve. jer erTi, wmida svets, anu cocxal svets (sveticxovels)
gadmodioda mironi, radganac misi gadanaWris qveS wmida kvarTi uflisa iyo
dakrZaluli da sveti didi saswauliT iqna zecad atacebuli da Semdeg
SeZerwili Tavissave gadanaWerTan, meore mxriv, k.kekeliZis Tanaxmad, `mironi
saqarTveloSi Teofilaqte antioqielamdec rom ikurTxeboda, amas mowmobs
qarTuli xelnaweri, romelSic detaluradaa aRwerili mironis kurTxevis
wesi. Tu nikon SavmTels davujerebT, dasZens igi, IV krebamde mxolod
antioqiaSi ikurTxeboda mironi (Tumca amis dajereba Znelia, radganac am
krebis masalebSi amis Sesaxeb araferia naTqvami) da Semdeg yvelam miiRo misi
kurTxevis nebarTva, maSin unda davuSvaT, rom qarTlis eklesiaSi mironis
kurTxeva 451 wlidan daiwyo~119.
maSasadame, mcxeTaSi mironi ZvelTaganve ikurTxeboda da mTeli qarTlis
samefos teritoriaze, anu Sav zRvamde da mdinare klisuramde mironi
mcxeTidan miiReboda. magram berZnuli saxelmwifos xelSi saqarTvelos
zRvispireTis gadasvlis Semdeg (VII saukunidan) dauwesebiaT mironis miReba am
ukve `berZnul~ saepiskoposoebSi jer konstantinopolidan, Semdeg ki
antioqiidan, ris sanacvlodac `nivTTa wmidasa mosasyidelad~, anu mironis
dasamzadeblad saWiro masalis SesaZenad dasavleT saqarTvelos qarTvelebs

unda gadaexadaT `aTasi kvamlidan~ aRebuli Semosavali.

VIII saukuneSi
Semdgar krebas, romelic ixilavda dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiis sakiTxs,
mironis sakiTxic ganuxilavs. antioqiis patriarqma qarTvelebs dauwesa:
`raiTa wliTiwlad moscemden Jamad-JamadTa patriarqTa antioqiaTa aTassa
drahkansa,
romeli
igi
moecemoda
vidre
dReTamde
ioane
wmidisa
patriarqisaTa,
rameTu
man
aniWa
igi
orestis
wmidasa
patriarqsa
ierusalimisasa, romeli movidoda mociqulad basilisa Tana mefisa
berZenTaisa, raTa missa saydarsa miecemodis qarTvelTa mier. da mier dRiTgan
daewesa, raiTa moxsenebai oden saxelisai aqundes qarTvelTa Soris
antioqielsa patriarqsa. da ukeTu odesme wvalebai gamoCndes, maSinRa
miavlinebdes mun eqsarxossa... viTar igi netarisa Teodore patriarqisa dReTa
waravlina basili Rramatikosi wvalebisaTvis akakTaisa~120.
Cven es cnoba, albaT, ase unda gavigoT: antioqiis krebam arasruli
avtokefalia, anu SezRuduli TavisTavadoba mianiWa qvemo iberiis, anu
afxazeTis eklesiis ara qarTul, aramed `berZnul~ saepiskoposoebs.
`berZnuls~ im mxriv, rom maTTan wirva-locvis ena iyo berZnuli, Tumca
mosaxleoba,
cxadia,
qarTvelebs
warmoadgenda.
am
TavisuflebiT
ar
dakmayofildnen
formiT
`berZnuli~,
magram
SinaarsiT
qarTuli
saepiskoposoebi. maT VIII-IX saukuneebSi ara erTbaSad, aramed TandaTanobiT
berZnulenovani saepiskoposoebi gardaqmnes qarTulenovan saepikoposoebad.
maSasadame, am eklesiaSi erT periodSi, anu dasavleT saqarTvelos
teritoriaze erTdroulad erTmaneTis gverdiT arsebobdnen berZnulenovani
da qarTulenovani saepiskoposoebi. maT eklesiurad evalebodaT mironisaTvis
masala SeeZinaT antioqiaSi da gadaexadaT aTasi drahkani. Semdgom es aTasi
drahkani ierusalimis sapatriarqosaTvis unda gadaexadaT. efremis wyaros
Tanaxmad, es daiwyo X saukunidan, magram erTi qarTuli wyaros Tanaxmad,
romelsac qvemoT SevexebiT, es daiwyo IX saukunidan. Cveni fiqriT, mironis
sakiTxi dasavleT saqarTveloSi ase unda gadawyvetiliyo. axalSeqmnili
qarTuli saepiskoposebi imis Semdeg, rac qarTulma saxelmwifom `ganaCina
kaTalikosi afxazeTisa~, 830-iani wlebidan, mirons ukve iRebdnen ara
ierusalimidan, aramed mcxeTidan, e.i. qarTlidan, xolo Zveli berZnulenovani
saepiskoposoebi dasavleT saqarTveloSi kvlavindeburad ganagrZobdnen
mironis
Sesyidvas
ierusalimis
sapatriarqodan.
am
berZnulenovan
saepiskoposoebSi, Cans, ixseniebdnen ara qarTveli kaTalikosis, aramed
antioqieli
patriarqis
saxels.
swored
maTTan,
anu
berZnulenovan
saepiskoposoebSi agzavnidnen saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi egzarqoss, `viTar-igi
netarisa Teodore patriarqisa dReTa waravlina basili Rramatikosi
wvalebisaTvis akakTaisa~.
maSasadame, qvemo iberiis, anu afxazeTis sakaTalikosoSi, mirons
qarTulenovani saepiskoposoebi qarTlidan (mcxeTidan) iRebdnen, xolo
berZnulenovanebi _ ierusalimidan. berZnulenovani episkoposebi aq, rogorc
cnobilia, X saukunemdec arsebobden. swored dasavleT saqarTvelos
qarTulenovani saepiskoposoebi qmnidnen afxazeTis sakaTalikosos. mas
mironis qarTlidan miRebis ufleba ierusalimidan miuRia ara raime
saeklesio wesebis darRveviT, aramed ierusalimis sapatriarqos nebarTviT.
amas unda miuTiTebdes wmida grigol xanZTelis `cxovrebaSi~ daculi erTi
cnoba, romelSic Semdegdroindel gadamwers erTi qaragma swored ver

gauxsnia, ramac mravali gaugebroba dabada SemdegSi. kerZod, gadamwers

qaragma `a-sa~ gauxsnia arasworad, safiqralia, rom es qaragma unda
gaxsniliyo rogorc `afxazeTisa~ da ara rogorc `aRmosavalisa~. imave
winadadebaSi sxva geografiuli saxelicaa ramdenjerme daqaragmebuli
(magaliTad, sityva `ierusalimi~). winadadeba, romelSic mironzea saubari,
Cveni azriT, aseTi saxiT unda gaixsnas - `rameTu pirvelad a-sa (e.i.
afxazeTsa) kaTalikosTa mihroni ierusalimiT mihyvanda, xolo efrem
qristesmieriTa brZanebiTa mihronis kurTxeva qarTls ganawesa ierusalimis
patriarqisa ganwesebiTa da wamebiTa sixaruliTa. aramed qarTlad friadi
qveyana aRiracxebis, romelsaca Sina qarTuliTa eniTa Jami Seiwirvis da
locva yoveli aResrulebis...~
maSasadame, afxazeTma mironi qarTlidan imitom unda miiRos, rom isic
qarTlia, radganac qarTulad tardeba wirva-locvao. imis ufleba ki,
afxazeTis yofil berZnul, amJamad ki qarTulenovan saepiskoposoebs, mironi
qarTlidan mieRoT, moupovebia efrem mawyverel episkoposs ierusalimis
sapatriarqoSive, IX s-is 40-ian wlebSi.
meore mxriv, dasavleT saqarTveloSi IX saukuneSi jer kidev arsebobda
berZnulenovani saepiskoposoebi, `roca imperiaSi kvlav xatTayvanismcemlobam
gaimarjva
da
marTlmadidebloba
aRsdga,
konstantinopolis
kaTedra
dasavleT saqarTveloSi Tavisi uflebebis aRdgenas Seecdeboda. amiT unda
aixsnas
IX
s.
bolos
Sedgenil
konstantinopolis
sapatriarqosadmi
daqvemdebarebul kaTedraTa nusxebSi dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTedraTa
Soris `afxazeTis avtokefaluri saepiskoposoc~ romaa dasaxelebuli121.
sabolood, 744-750 wlebSi, antioqiaSi Semdgari saeklesio krebis
gadawyvetilebaTa dakavSireba afxazeTis, anu `qvemo iberiis~ eklesiasTan,
aseTi saxiT unda warmovidginoT: n. berZeniSvili dasavleT saqarTvelos
eklesiis bizantiisagan gamoyofas or etapad ganixilavda. pirveli etapis
dros, misi azriT, egris-afxazeTis gaerTianebis kvaldakval gaerTiandnen
egrisisa da afxazeTis eklesiebi. Camoyalibda dasavleTis erTiani saeklesio
xelisufleba. am pirvel
etapze (e.i. VIII saukunesa da IX s. dasawyisSi),
`pirvel xanebSi _ wers n. berZeniSvili, _ safiqrebelia, politikurad jer
welmoumagrebeli afxazeTis mefeebi moeridebodnen saeklesio sakiTxis
gamwvavebas
da
konstantinopolis
sapatriarqos
mxolod
saeklesio
122
gaerTianebis dasturs mosTxovdnen~ .
rogorc zemoT ukve iTqva, dasavleT saqarTvelodan saeklesio delegacia
gamgzavrebula ara konstantinopolSi (xatmebrZoluri eresis gamo), aramed
antioqiaSi, sadac Cvens gansaxilvel 750-iani wlebis krebas, faqtobrivad,
daudasturebia `qvemo iberiis~, anu egris-afxazeTis eklesiebis gaerTianebis,
anu qvemo iberiis (afxazeTis) sakaTalikosos aRiarebis sakiTxi. am
droisaTvis, faqtobrivad, afxazeTis kaTalikosi iyo berZnuli eklesiis
warmomadgenli dasavleT saqarTveloSi1. e.i. antioqiis krebam mcxeTis
eklesias ki ar SeuerTa egris-afxazeTis eklesia, aramed igi ganixila,
rogorc berZnul eklesiaSi Semavali avtonomiuri erTeuli, amisagan
gamomavali yoveli SedegiT (mironis miReba, egzarqosis gagzavna, berZeni
patriarqis saxelis moxsenieba wirva-locvis dros).
maSasadame, antioqiis I saeklesio kreba iyo berZnuli eklesiis kreba,
romelmac ganixila berZnul eklesiaSi Semavali `qvemo iberiis~ eklesiis

erT-erTi
sakiTxi.
m.
lorTqifaniZe
wers:
`gaerTianebuli
dasavleT
saqarTvelos eklesia pirvel xanebSi konstantinopolze iyo damokidebuli da
oficialurad berZnul eklesias warmoadgenda, xolo am eklesiis meTauri
afxazTa kaTalikosi _ berZenTa warmomadgeneli. magram am mdgomareobas verc
egris-afxazeTis mefeebi moiTmendnen da verc mcxeTis kaTalikosebi~123.
Seqmnili sarwmunoebrivi viTarebis gamo, berZnul eklesiaSi Semavali `qvemo
iberiis~ sakiTxi konstantinopolis nacvlad ganixila berZnuli eklesiis
meore centrma _ antioqiam. amis Semdeg ukve daiwyo meore etapi `qvemo
iberiis~ (afxazeTis) eklesiisa. meore etapis dros es eklesia daubrunda
qarTul (mcxeTis) dedaeklesias (IX-X saukuneebSi), magram administraciulierarqiuli wyobis ukve arsebuli saxe SeinarCuna. afxazeTis sakaTalikoso
Sevida qarTul eklesiaSi msgavsad berZnul sapatriarqoebSi arsebuli
samitropolitoebisa.
berZnul
sapatriarqoebSi
samitropolitoebs
marTavda
patriarqi.
mitropolitebs,
Tavis
mxriv,
eqvemdebarebodnen
samitropolitoebis
episkoposebi,
romelTa raodenoba sakmaod didi, 500-mdec ki SesaZlebelia
yofiliyo.
afxazeTis
sakaTalikosos
episkoposebi
eqvemdebarebodnen
afxazeTis kaTalikoss, romelic, Tavis mxriv, mcxeTis kaTalikosze iyo
damokidebuli. erTs `uxucesi~, meores ki - `umrwemesi~ erqva.
`egris-afxazeTis mefeebma eklesiuri gamoyofis mopovebisTanave daiwyes
Zveli (bizantiuri) saepiskoposo kaTedrebis moSla dasavleT saqarTveloSi
da maT sapirispirod axali qarTuli kaTedrebis daarseba. X s. manZilze
moiSala gudayvis (ZiRinevis) kaTedra, foTis kaTedra, xolo aSenda
Wyondidis, moqvis, bediisa da sxva saydrebi, sadac Seiqmna axali, qarTuli,
saepiskoposo kaTedrebi. ase TandaTanobiT idevneboda bizantiis gavlena~124.
`es saeklesio gamoyofa, rogorc vTqviT, erTbaSad ar xdeba, jer
xorcieldeba
egris-afxazeTis
eklesiebis
gaerTianeba,
rogorc
konstantinopolis samwysoSi Semavali eparqiisa, romelsac saTaveSi afxazTa
kaTalikosi edga (VIII s. bolo an IX s. dasawyisi), Semdeg IX s. manZilze
dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesia gamoeyo konstantinopols da mcxeTis taxts
uerTiandeba, xolo afxazTa kaTalikosi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoss
uqvemdebardeba~125.
dasavleT
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
konstantinopolis
samwysosagan
gamoyofis garkvevisaTvis gamoiyeneba e.w. eqTezisebi _ konstantinopolis
samwysoSi Semavali kaTedrebis nusxebi. Cvens gansaxilvel periods exeba am
nusxaTa ori jgufi. `pirveli jgufis nusxebi Sedgenilia leon VI-is
mefobamde (leoni mefobda 886-911 w.w.), am nusxebSi dasavleT saqarTvelos
yvela kaTedra, fazisis mitropolitiT lazeTSi, misdami daqvemdebarebuli
oTxi episkoposiT, afxazeTis sebastopolis avtokefaluri arqiepiskoposi da
jiqeTSi nikofsiis avtokefaluri arqiepiskoposi konstantinopolis samwysos
eqvemdebarebian. meore jgufis nusxebidan Cans, rom X s-is dasawyisSi
dasavleT saqarTvelos arc erTi kaTedra (lazeTis, afxazeTisa da jiqeTis,
nikofsiisa) aRar eqvemdebareba konstantinopolis patriarqs. aRniSnulis
safuZvelze
aSkarad
Cans,
rom
cvlileba
dasavleT
saqarTvelos
mdgomareobaSi, misi gamoyofa konstantinopolidan da mcxeTis taxtisadmi
daqvemdebareba IX saukunis manZilze moxda, radganac pirveli jgufis
nusxebis nagvianevi nusxa IX s-is dasawyisSia (820-829) Sedgenili126, xolo

meore jgufis pirveli nusxa - X s-is dasawyisSi (901-907 w.w.)~127. maSasadame,

marTalia, `qarTlis cxovrebis~ zogierTi nusxa, romlebSic naTqvamia
afxazeTis qarTuli sakaTalikosos mecxre saukuneSi daarsebis Sesaxeb:
`xolo aman bagrat gaaCina da ganawesa kaTalikosi afxazeTs qristes aqeT
830~128.
tao-klarjeTis
mTavari
bagrat
I
kurapalati
(826-826),
Ze
aSot
kurapalatisa, ibrZoda qarTlis saxelmwifos ara mxolod politikuri,
aramed eklesiuri gaerTianebisTvisac. amiT unda iyos gamowveuli mis mier
`afxazeTis kaTalikosis~ gaCena. aq igulisxmeba am sakaTalikosos sulieri
daqvemdebareba mcxeTis eklesiisadmi, iqamde ki, rogorc aRiniSna, antioqiis
VIII s-is 50-iani wlebis krebam kanonikuri safuZveli Seuqmna `qvemo iberiis~,
anu afxazeTis sakaTalikosos warmoqmnas.
aRniSnulma antioqiis I-ma saeklesio krebam VIII s. 50-ian wlebSi
TavisTavadoba (avtokefalia) mianiWa ara afxazeTis, aramed `qvemo iberiis~ an
ubralod `iberiis~ eklesias, anu im teritoriaze ganTavsebul saeklesio
erTeuls, romlis sazRvrebs warmoadgenda mdinare klisura CrdilodasavleTiT, da, e.w. `skanda-Sorapnis~ xazi aRmosavleTiT. erT dros
bizantiis xeldebuli es teritoria imJamad bizantielTagan politikurad
ganTavisuflebuli iyo Tanaxmad qarTuli wyaroebisa, romelTac qvemoT
SevexebiT. am, anu `qvemo iberiis~ saeklesio erTeuls mxolod VIII s-is
bolodan SeiZleboda wodeboda afxazeTis eklesia, kerZod mas Semdeg, rac
mdinare klisuras iqiT iqamde bizantiaSi Semavali istoriuli afxazeTisa da
qvemo iberiis miwa-wyali gaerTianda afxazTa axali samefo dinastiis
Camoyalibebis
Semdeg
(es
sakiTxi
ganxilulia
wignSi
`saqarTvelos
samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. II).
ase, rom `qvemo iberiis~ TavisTavad eklesias mxolod VIII s. bolos an IX
s. dasawyisSi ewoda afxazeTis eklesia. mis meTaurs kaTalikosis wodeba
miuRia qarTvel mefeTa mier, kerZod tao-klarjeTis mefes bagrats 830 wels
`ganuCenia~
kaTalikosi
afxazeTisa,
rac
ganxiluli
iyo.
am
sakaTalikososaTvis adgilzeve (afxazeTic iberiaa anu qarTlia) mironis
kurTxevis miRebis uflebisaTvis IX saukuneSive uzrunia efrem mawyverels,
rac aseve ganxiluli iyo.
Cvens istoriografiaSi XX s. dasawyisidan Camoyalibda umarTebulo
Tvalsazrisi, TiTqosda dasavleT saqarTvelos mxolod IX saukunidan ewoda
`qarTli~, sinamdvileSi piriqiT, Cveni wyaroebis dabejiTebuli mtkicebiT
dasavleT saqarTvelo Tavdapirveladve mefe farnavazis droidan Sedioda
qarTlis samefoSi, amitomac ewodeboda kidev `qarTli~ anu ufro zustad
`qvemo qarTli~ anu `qvemo iberia~, xolo aRmosavleT saqarTvelos `zemo
qarTli~, `zemo qveyana (es termini kaTalikosTa titulaturaSic aisaxa) da
swored VIII s. bolodan `qvemo qarTls~ anu dasavleT saqarTvelos ewoda
`afxazeTi~, dinastiuri cvlis Sedegad, Tumca eklesiuri da kulturuli
TvalsazrisiT afxazeTi, iseve rogorc tao-klarjeTi da hereT-kaxeTi
qarTlis qveynebad iwodeboda, Zveli Cveulebis Sesabamisad, uZvelesi
droidanve, amis Sesaxeb erTxmad RaRadeben qarTuli wyaroebi. magaliTad,
`moqcevai qarTlisai~ qarTlis qveynis Crdilo dasavleTis sazRvars debs
mdinare egiswyalze, `Tana hyvanda aleqsandres mefesa Ze arian qarTlisa

mefisa da mas mouboZa mcxeTa sajdomad da sazRvari daudva mas hereTi da

egriswyali da somxiTi da mTa crolisa da warvida~129.
aqedan da `moqcevai qarTlisais~ sxva uamravi cnobidan, romelsac sxva
qarTuli wyaroebis dabejiTebuli miTiTebanic eTanxmebian qarTlis anu
qarTlis samefos sazRvrebi aseTia - dasavleTiT Savi zRva, egrisis CaTvliT,
Crdilo-dasavleTiT mdinare egriswyali, aRmosavleTiT hereTi, samxreTiT
`somxiTi~ anu somxeTi. eTnikurad es qveyana dasaxlebuli iyo erTi eriT,
erTi xalxiT, romelTac ewodebodaT qarTvelebi, maT ricxvSi, cxadia,
egriselebic Sedian, amis Sesaxeb pirdapir migviTiTebs magaliTad `qarTlis
cxovrebis~ Semdegi cnoba (sxva uamrav cnobasTan erTad): `masve Jamsa
gamovides berZenni afxazeTiT (rameTu berZenTa hqonda egriswyals quemoTi
kerZi yoveli) da daipyres egris-wyalTagan vidre cixe-gojamde. maSin iqmna
glova da wuxili yovelTa zeda qarTvelTa da ityodes `ganvamravleT codva
RmrTisa mimarT... samarTlianad moawia RmerTman Cuen zeda ese risxva, rameTu
migvcna Cuen wartyuevnad ucxoTa naTesavTa da migviRo Cven sazRvari
berZenTagan... erisa codvaTagan... viZioT Cuen Suri... vZebneT sazRvari
qarTlisa berZenTagan~130.
am amonaridSi pirdapiraa naxsenebi sityva `sazRvari qarTlisa~, romelic
berZnebma daarRvies, sad? maT gadmolaxes mdinare egriswyali da miitaces
teritoria am mdinaredan vidre cixe-gojamde. vin wuxs am ubedurebas? - amasac
pasuxobs mematiane - `yovelni qarTvelni~ (aman gamoiwvia `wuxili yovelTa
zeda qarTvelTa~), cxadia, am qarTvelTa ricxvSi upirvelesad igulisxmeboda
egriselebi, egrisis mosaxleoba, es igulisxmeba mematianis winadadebaSi `migvcna Cuen wartyuevnad ucxoTa naTesavTa~, swored istoriuli egrisis
didi nawili mdinare egriswylidan cixe-gojamde daipyres anu `wartyuenes~
berZnebma, iqvea `migviRo Cven sazRvari berZenTagan~ - egriselebi, iseve
rogorc mTeli (yoveli) qarTlis mosaxleoba wuxda am ubedurebas.
am amonaridSi mravaljer gvxvdeba sityva `Cuen~, am `Cuenis~ qveS
igulisxmeba `yovelni qarTvelni~, rogorc iqve Cans, am qarTvelTa ricxvSi ki
upirvelesad egriselebi igulisxmeba, romelTa regionis sazRvaric da
romlis
miwa-wyalic
iqna
`wartyuenili~.
sabolood
Seuracxyofili
qarTvelebi askvnian `viZioT Cvuen Suri, vZebneT sazRvari qarTlisa~, anu
aRvadginoT igi, sad? cxadia, mdinare egiswyalze (esaa V s. ambebi) SemdgomSi,
vaxtang mefis drosve sazRvrad gadaiqca mdinare klisura. romel enaze
urTierTobdnen es qarTvelebi? romeli ena iyo maTi erovnuli anu
saxelmwifo ena? - es iyo qarTuli ena. qarTuli ena rom saerTo erovnuli
ena iyo `yovelTa qarTvelTa~, rom es ena egrisisa da sxva regionebSic
mcxovrebi mkvidri mosaxleobis ena iyo, amis Sesaxeb Cven mogviTxrobs
cnobili moRvawe arsen beri (miiCnevdnen, rom igi iyo daviT aRmaSeneblis
moZRvari). is wmida ninos cxovrebaSi gadmoscems cnobebs qarTvelTa
eTnogenezisis, maTi qveynis sazRvrebis Sesaxeb da aseve gvawvdis cnobas enis
Sesaxebac. kerZod, arsen beri cxadia gadmoscemda qarTul sazogadoebaSi
arsebul Tvalsazriss, rom uZveles xanaSi, arian qarTlidan aleqsandre
makedonelis dros kavkasiaSi gadmosaxlebuli qarTveloba dasaxlda rogorc
dasavleT, ise aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, arsenisaTvisac qarTlis qveynis
Crdilo dasavleT sazRvari aris mdinare egriswyali. egriswylidan hereTamde

mcxovrebi mosaxleobis ena, arseni beris azriT, Tavidanve qarTulia, is wers:

`Cven Svilni varT maT arian qarTliT gamosulTani da ena maTi uwyiT~131.
maSasadame, qarTuli wyaroebis dabejiTebuli mtkicebiT egriswylidanhereTamde cxovrobs erTi xalxi, erTi eniT, maT aqvT erTi saxelmwifo
`qarTlis samefo~, `yovelni mefeni qarTlisani amaT (e.i. arian qarTlidan
gadmosaxlebulTa) mefeTa Svilni arian~6132. arseni beris TvalsazrisiT,
yvela regionis mcxovrebTa, maT Soris egrisisa da svaneTis mosaxleobis ena
qarTuli enaa, Tumca, cxadia, albaT misTvis cnobili iyo am kuTxeTa enebis
arseboba, magram albaT isini dialeqtebad miaCnda. ruis-urbnisis krebis wmida
mamaTa TvalsazrisiT, qarTlis samefo IV s-Sic aerTianebda saqarTvelos
dasavleT da aRmosavleT nawilebs, amitomac am krebis mier gamocemul
kanonTa `ZeglisweraSic~ sagangebodaa xazgasmuli, rom wmida ninom moaqcia
ara mxolod qveynis erTi kuTxis (aRmosavleT saqarTvelos) mosaxleoba,
aramed dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobac qarTlis samefos sazRvrebSi, e.i.
egrisic moaqcia, mdinare egriswylamde, qarTlis samefos sazRvramde, kerZod
_ wmida ninom `sarwmunoebasa mimarT Tvisisasa miizida yoveli savsebai
yovlisa qarTvelTa naTesavisa133.
mefe mirianis samefoSi, anu qarTvelTa erTian saxelmwifoSi, qarTlis
cxovrebis Tanaxmad, cxadia, egrisic Sedis _ `mefobda mirian qarTls, rans,
hereTs, movakans da aqunda egrisica vidre egriswylamde~134, am wyaros cnobiT
qarTuli
saxelmwifos
sazRvrebs
cnobs
bizantiis
imperatori:
`me,
konstantine mefe, TviTmpyrobeli... movswere Senda RmrTiv-ganbrZnobilisa...
mefisa
mirianisassa.
iyavn
Sen
Tana
mSvidoba...
gandevnen
RmerTman
135
dambadebelman eSmaki macduri sazRvarTagan SenTa~ .
mematianeTa Tanaxmad, qarTvel mefeTa upirvelesi movaleoba iyo
saxelmwifo sazRvrebis dacva, aseve mematianeebi xazgasmiT aRniSnaven, rom
bizantieli imperatori cnobdnen am sazRvrebs, magaliTad, aleqsandre
makedoneli
`aCens~
pirveli
qarTuli
saxelmwifo
sazRvars
mdinare
egriswyalze, zemoT moyvanili amonarididan Cans, rom imperatori konstantine
cnobs qarTlis samefos sazRvrebs da sxv.
qarTuli eklesiis mamebic TavianT yuradRebas apyrobdnen qveynis
geopolitikur areals. magaliTad, ruis-urbnisis krebis mamebis ganmartebiT,
is areali, sadac iqadaga andria pirvelwodebulma aris qarTvelTa qveyana
anu `saqarTvelo~. cnobilia, rom andriam iqadaga klarjeTsa da egrisSi,
maSasadame, krebis wmida mamebi ueWvelad darwmunebulni arian, rom egrisi
klarjeTTan erTad I-II saukuneebSi, mociqulTa qadagebebis dros qarTvelTa
qveynebi arian anu `saqarTveloa~. _ kreba wers: `pirvelwodebuli andria...
Cuendamdeca moiwia da qadaga sacxovrebeli qadageba saxarebisai yovelsa
queyanasa saqarTvelosasa...~136.
egrisi I-II saukuneebSi `saqarTveloa~. esaa XII s. damdegis qarTvel wmida
mamaTa da ruis-urbnisis krebis ueWveli Tvalsazrisi. maTi es mosazreba
gansxvavdeba Tanamedrove, XX s-is oficialur istorikosTa Tvalsazrisisagan,
romlis mixedviTac saqarTvelo mxolod XI s-is Semdeg ewoda erTian qveyanas.
maT am mosazrebas ar daeTanxmebodnen arc Cveni mematianeebi, magaliTad
juanSeri, romelic wers, rom VII s. bolosa da VIII s. dasawyisSi saqarTvelo

erqva miwa-wyals mdinare klisuramde afxazeTSi _ `klisura romeli mas Jamsa

iyo sazRvari saberZneTisa da saqarTvelosa~137.
`qvemo iberiis~ anu rogorc Semdgom ewoda afxazeTis sakaTalikosos
warmoqmnis istoriis Sesaswavlad uaRresi mniSvneloba aqvs qarTvelTa
saxelmwifos sazRvrebs. mematianes cnobiT, es sazRvari SeibRala VII s. 20-ian
wlebSi bizantiis keisari herakles mier. `maSin wariRes berZenTa sazRvari
qarTlisa, speri da bolo klarjeTisa, zRvis piri... sxva yoveli qarTli
daipyro adarnase bakuris Zeman mTavrobiT da mefobisa saxeli verca man
ikadra~138.
`sazRvari qarTlisa~, rogorc zemoT mravalgzis aRiniSna, upirvelesad
Crdilo-dasavleTis mimarTulebiT gulisxmobda mdinare klisuras, sadamdec,
mematianes sityviT, vaxtang gorgasalma bizantiis imperatoris nebiT
gadaitana `qarTlis samefos~ sazRvari. maSasadame, axla VII saukunis 20-ian
wlebSi, es sazRvari miitaca herakle keisarma, dasavleT saqarTvelos erT
nawilTan erTad _ Cans, esaa `zRvis piri~ - maSasadame, zRvispira teritoria
gulisxmobs ara mxolod klarjeTs, aramed miwa-wyals speridan da
klarjeTis bolodan mdinare klisuramde. rogorc garkveulia am mitacebuli
teritoriis sigane aRwevda e.w. skanda-Sorapanis sazRvramde139.
aq, am mitacebul teritoriaze, romelsac ucxoelebi `qvemo iberias~
uwodeben
konstantinopolis
sapatriarqosadmi
damorCilebuli
saepiskoposoebi warmoiqmnen. isini, rogorc ganxilulia Tavis adgilas,
monawileobdnen kidec trulis msoflio saeklesio krebaSi. rogorc
matianeebidan Cans, es mitacebuli teritoria qarTvel mefeebs kvlav qarTlis
samefos nawilad miaCndaT, dasavleT saqarTvelos mniSvnelovani nawili,
kerZod, argveTi kvlav maT xelSi iyo. rogorc Cans, arabTa Semosevis
droisaTvis egrisis didi nawili, cixe gojis CaTvliT qarTlis mefeTa
saxelmwifos nawils warmoadgenda, amas unda miuTiTebdes is, rom murvan
yrus Semosevis dros qarTlis imJamindelma mefe stefanozma da misma vaJma
mirma winaparTa samefo gvirgvinebi, mefe mirianisa da mefe vaxtang
gorgaslisa, usafrTxoebis mizniT gadaitanes Tavisi samefos dacul nawilSi
da daasvenes (e.i. Seinaxes) quTaissa da cixe-gojSi, xolo qarTlis mefe
stefanozi gardacvalebis Semdeg Tavis qveyanaSi egrisSi dakrZale140.
arabTagan devnili qarTlis mefeebi egrisidan gadavidnen afxazeTSi _
murvan yru `Seudga kvalsa maTsa... Sevlo zRude igi sazRvari klisurisa. da
viTarca Sevlo yruman klisura, romeli mas Jamsa iyo sazRvari saberZneTisa
da saqarTvelosa da Semusra qalaqi afSileTisa cxumi da moadga cixesa
anakofiisasa... mun iyvnes maSin mefeni qarTlisani mir da arCil~141.
es mefeebi SeebrZolnen arabebs da ukuaqcies isini. es iyo mniSvnelovani
momenti. amiT gaxarebulma bizantiis imperatorma, qarTuli wyaros cnobiT,
gadawyvita aRedgina bizantiis mier SebRaluli qarTlis samefos sazRvrebi,
cxadia, mdinare klisuraze da saerTod egrisis zRvispireTSi, anu man aRiara
qarTuli saxelmwifos uflebamosileba im teritoriaze, romelic Tavis
droze miitaca herakle keisarma, wyaro gvamcnobs, rom imperatorma brZaneba
miswera Tavis moxele-erisTavs afxazeTSi aRar daerRvia qarTlis sazRvrebi,
kerZod, imperatorma am werilSi aRiara, rom es sazRvrebi darRveuli iyo
bizantielTa mier, magram amis Semdego - naTqvamia brZanebaSi, aseTi ram aRar
ganmeordes, pativi eci am sazRvrebis urRvevobaso, kerZod, werili aseTia -

`yovladve sazRvarTa qarTlisaTa Cvengan qmnil ars vneba... aramed keTilad

pativs cemdi mefeTa da erTa magaT qarTlisaTa da amieridan nurRara
xelgewifebis vnebaT maTda da sazRvarTa maTTa egrisaTa~142. es imas niSnavs,
rom kvlav aRsdga oficialurad, qarTlis samefo sazRvari mdinare
klisuraze, amasTanave bizantiam aRiara, rom is arRvevda am sazRvrebs. amis
Semdeg mefe miris samefoSi Sedis `egrisi, suaneTi, Takueri, argueTi da
guria~143.
rogorc aRiniSna, mefe stefanozi (arCil da mir mefeebis mama) quTaisSi
dakrZales143. quTaisi qarTlis mefeTa `samkvidro~ iyo. mefe miris anderZi
Tavisi Zmisadmi amas miuTiTebs - `warscen Zualni misni da dahflen saydarsa
quTaisisasa, raTa ipovos sawameblad samkvidrosa Cvenisa~143.
md. klisuridan mTeli dasavleT saqarTvelo qarTlis mefeTa samkvidroa
arCilis drosac. mefe arCili ambobs _ `adgilni Cvenni klisuriTgan aRmarT.
warval da daveSenebi cixe-gojs da quTaiss~144.
ufro ukeTesi magaliTebis moyvana SeuZlebelia imis dasamtkiceblad, rom
IX-X saukuneebamde qarTveloba, qarTuli eklesia da saxelmwifo moRvaweebi
`yoveli qarTlis~ qveS moiazrebdnen mTel dasavleT saqarTvelos vidre
mdinare klisuramde, dasaxlebuls qarTveli xalxiT. amitomac uwodebdnen
qveynis am nawils `qvemo iberias~. rogorc Cans, imis Semdeg rac mefe miris
dros bizantiis saxelmwifom qarTlis mefeebs daubruna iqamde nawilobriv
maT mier daWerili Savi zRvispira teritoriebi, Cans iq arsebul berZnul
saepiskoposoebisaTvis politikuri iurisdiqciis problema warmoiSva, isini
ukve aRar imyofebodnen bizantiur qveyanaSi, aramed qarTvelTa saxelmwifoSi,
amitomac,
Cans,
VIII
s.
50-ian
wlebSi
maT
cades
moepovebinaT
konstantinopolisagan
damoukidebloba,
rasac
miaRwies
antioqiis
sapatriarqoSi, xolo imis gamo, rom VIII s. bolos, 80-90-ian wlebSi Seicvala
qarTlis samefo dinastia, da dasavleTSi warmoCnda afxazuri samefo
dinastia, romelmac gaaerTiana dasavleTi saqarTvelo, `qvemo iberiis~
eklesias ukve IX s-dan ewoda `afxazeTis sakaTalikoso~.

5. anCis saeklesio kreba (IX s. 40-iani wlebi)

daaxloebiT 840 wels samxreT saqarTveloSi, anCSi Catarda saeklesio
kreba, romelsac iv. javaxiSvili `adgilobrivs~ uwodebs145. magram, Cveni
azriT, es iyo episkoposTa kreba, radganac mas ar eswreboda kaTalikosi,
uromlisodac Znelia krebas `adgilobrivi~ uwodo. Tanac safiqrebelia, rom
anCis krebis dadgenileba ar Seiwynara kaTalikosma da igi gauqmda, radgan
krebis mier episkoposobis pativisagan gankveTili anCeli episkoposi cqiri
kvlav dabrunda Tavis kaTedraze, rac cxadia kaTalikosis nebis gareSe ar
moxdeboda.
giorgi merCules mier mowodebuli cnobis Tanaxmad, anCis saepiskoposo
saydarze bagrat kurapalatis
Zes aSots auyvania sarwebis eklesiaSi
diakvnad namyofi, tfilisis amira sahak ismailis Zis mier aRzrdili vinme
cqiri. cxadia, saWiro iyo cqiris episkoposad xeldasxma, rac mxolod

kaTalikoss SeeZlo, qarTul eklesiaSi miRebuli wesis Tanaxmad. maSasadame,

kaTalikossa da saero xelisuflebas xeldasxmis Semdeg cqiri anCis cnobil
saepiskoposo kaTedraze dausvamT. anCeli episkoposis eparqiaSi Sedioda
klarjeTis cnobili monasterebi, `klarjeTis didebulni udabnoni, mRvdelni
da diakonni maTni anCelTa episkoposTagan ikurTxvian~. anCis saepiskoposo
kaTedra udidesi mniSvnelobisa da Rirsebisa iyo saqarTvelos kaTedraTa
Soris.
giorgi merCules wyarodan metad sainteresoa cnoba imis Sesaxeb, rom
Tbilisis mahmadiani amira iyo gamzrdeli qristianisa, romelmac Semdgom
episkoposis pativic ki miiRo. amasTanave Tbilisis amiram uSuamdgomla kidec
tao-klarjeTis xelmwifis winaSe Tavis gazrdils, raTa mas qarTul
eklesiaSi Rirseuli adgili daeWira. am cnobiT kidev erTxel dasturdeba
gamoTqmuli mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom qarTul eklesias mniSvnelovani
adgili eWira Tbilisis saamiroSi da iq arabTa da mahmadianTa batonobisas
saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos Tavisi didi samrevlo da eklesia-monastrebi
hqonda. amiT unda yofiliyo gamowveuli amiras mier qristiani yrmis aRzrda,
mis gaepiskoposobaze zrunva, rac TavisTavad gulisxmobda amiras saqmian
urTierTobas qarTlis kaTalikosTan, uromlisodac, cxadia, arc erTi
mniSvnelovani saeklesio saqme ar aResruleboda. saqarTvelos patriarq
melqisedekis sigelidanac Cans Tbilisis amirasTan mWidro urTierToba.
melqisedeki
werda,
`romeli
qalaqisa
gasavali
iyo
amis
wmidisa
dedaqalaqisagan: cxvari, cxeni, Rvino., zedani da raica iyo yoveli ali
amiraman amogvigdo da avxade amas wmidasa kaTolike eklesiisa~146. es niSnavs,
rom
qarTul
eklesias
amiram
ekonomikuri
SeRavaTebi
mianiWa,
rac
mniSvnelovani saqme iyo. am mosazrebas adasturebs 1263 wels laSas Ze mefe
daviTis dros mowveuli krebac.
zemoTqmulidan
kidev
erTxel
dasturdeba,
rom
saqarTvelos
gaerTianebamde qarTuli eklesia moicavda qarTvelebiT dasaxlebul yovel
politikur-saxelmwifoebriv erTeuls, maT Soris Tbilissa da qvemo qarTlSi.
eklesia qarTuli qveynebis sulieri gamamTlianebeli, gamaerTianebeli iyo,
miT umetes, rom XI s-is, 80-iani wlebis Semdeg, arabuli wyaroebis Tanaxmad,
`Tbilisis gamgebloba TviT xalxs Cauvarda xelSi~147. es Tbilisis
gaTavisuflebamde
grZeldeboda.
xalxi
albaT
qalaqs
Tavisi
warmomadgenlebis meSveobiT marTavda, eseni unda yofiliyvnen `qalaqis
berebi~, maT Soris albaT iyvnen namdvili berebic, qarTuli eklesiis
warmomadgenlebi, radganac cxadia `Tbilisis xalxSi~ qristianic mravali
iyo. gansaxilvel epoqaSi IX saukunis Sua wlebSi Tbilisis saxelganTqmuli
amira sahak ismailis Ze, anu ishak ibn ismail-Suabi Tbiliss da mimdebare
mxareebsac 23 wlis ganmavlobaSi xalifasagan damoukideblad 853 wlamde
marTavda. am wlis 5 agvistos igi buRa Turqma sikvdiliT dasaja gandgomis
gamo.
arabTa centraluri xelisuflebis mier ajanyebuli Tbilisis amiras
dasasjelad gamogzavnili laSqris winaaRmdeg gamovida da sahakis mxares
dadga egris-afxazeTis samefoc, magram buRa Turqma amira daamarcxa.
aRsaniSnavia, rom bagrat kurapalati, tao-klarjeTis mTavari, buRas mxareze
idga.

mematianis sityviT, buRa Turqma `Semusra tfilisi, dawva cecxliTa da

moaoxrna yovelni areni misni148. `Semusra yoveli somxeTi~ armeniis mxareebi.
arabebs Tavisi saxalifo provinciebad hqondaT dayofili, romelTagan erTerTi iyo `armenia~, mas `armeniis vali~ marTavda. Tbilisis saamiro am
`armeniis valis~ emorCileboda. es faqti imiTaa saintereso, rom arabebi
mfarvelobdnen somxur sarwmunoebas, monofizitobas, viTarca arabizantiurs,
araqalkedoniturs. diofitizoba _ arabebisaTvis mouTmeneli iyo, rogorc
movses kalankatuacis cnobebidan Cans, qarTlSi gansakuTrebiT ki Tbilissa
da qvemo qarTlSi am dros SedarebiT gaZlierda somxuri eklesia,
gansakuTrebiT, qvemo qarTlSi, ris gamoc am mxareSi Camoyalibda taSirZoraketis _ lore-taSiris somxuri samefo. misi mosaxleobis ZiriTad nawils
qarTvelebi Seadgendnen, mmarTvel zedafenas ki monofizitebi, e.i. `somxebi~
warmoadgendnen. iqamde ki VI-VII saukuneebSi tao da misi momijnave qarTuli
mxare, rogorc cnobilia, somxuri eklesiis iurisdiqciis qveS moeqca, ris
gamoc adgilobrivi qarTveloba dauaxlovda somxur kulturasa da
civilizacias. es qarTuli mxare zogjer somxur saeklesio centrebsac ki
warmoadgenda. ase iyo nerse somexTa kaTalikosis drosac, romelmac iSxanSi
(taoSi) VII s-Si sakaTalikoso centric Seqmna. am dros somxuri eklesia
uniaSi imyofeboda konstantinopolis (bizantiis) eklesiasTan, amitomac
ZiriTadad marTlmadideblobas aRiarebda. amis gamo, e.i. somxuri oficialuri
eklesiis marTlmadideblobis (qalkedonitobis) gamo, taos qarTvelebisaTvis,
anu mxaris ZiriTadi mosaxleobisaTvis somxur iurisdiqciaSi yofna
sarwmunoebriv uxerxulobas ar qmnida, magram VIII-is 20-iani wlebis Semdeg,
rac somxurma oficialurma eklesiam daufaravad aRiara Tavis erTaderT
sarwmunoebriv mimarTulebad monofizitoba, taosa da, cxadia, klarjeTis
mosaxleobisaTvis
(e.i.
eTnikuri
qarTvelebisaTvis)
somxuri
eklesia
miuRebeli gaxda da isini sixaruliT daubrundnen qarTul deda eklesias
(miT umetes, rom am droisaTvis es teritoriebi bizantiis imperiis mier iyo
xeldebuli), tao-klarjelma qarTvelebma sixaruliT miiRes qarTlidan
devnili bagrationi xelisufalni da qarTlidan Camosuli qarTveli berebi
q arTuli dedaeklesiis Rirseuli moRvaweebi.
arabebi
aZlierebdnen
somxur
eklesias
misi
antiqalkedonuri
aRmsareblobis gamo, magram imis Semdeg, rac arabuli imperiis erT-erTi
provincia `armenia~ ganudga centralur xelisuflebas, arabTa damsjeli
eqspedicia xSirad laSqravda `armenias~, e.i. somxeTs, magram, ara somxuri
eklesiisa da somexi xalxis dasjis mizniT, aramed `armeniis~ arabi
mmarTvelisa da misi Zalis gasanadgureblad. Tbileli amira sahaki
mokavSireebsa da sayrdens eZebda qarTvelTa Soris arabuli centraluri
xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg brZolis dros. magaliTad, misTvis aseTi iyo
gardabnis qarTveloba, romlebic yovelTvis Tbilisis amiras uWerdnen
mxars149. amqveyneli unda yofiliyo `sahakis monaTagani, saxeliT gabuloc~,
romelic Tbilisis amiradac ki dajda. sahakis, SeiZleba iTqvas, qarTuli
orientaciis Sedegi unda yofiliyo mis mier qarTveli qristianis cqiris
aRzrda qristianuli wesebis dacviT da Semdgom misi qarTuli eklesiis
episkoposad dasmis survili. mas esaWiroeboda ara mxolod politikuri
momxreebi qarTul qveynebSi, aramed gavleniani momxreebi eklesiaSi. meore
mxriv, sahakis aseTi survili da qmedeba miuTiTebs aRniSnul periodSi

qarTuli eklesiis siZlieresa da mis did saxelmwifoebriv wonas. radgan

sahakis qmedeba arsebiTad mimarTuli iyo arabuli centraluri xelisuflebis
winaaRmdeg,
qarTlis
kaTalikosi
ar
ewinaaRmdegeboda
amira
sahakis
ganzraxvas, piriqiT, misi gazrdili cqiri akurTxa episkoposad da aSotis,
mesxeTis mTavris nebarTviT dasva anCis saydarze. samwuxarod, episkoposi
cqiri ar aRmoCnda Rirsi am maRali pativisa, magram misi kaTedridan
gadayenebis mizezi, momCivanTa azriT, iyo ara imdenad misi Selaxuli piradi
Rirseba, aramed darRvevebi samarTlis sferoSi. tao-klarjeli
berebis
azriT `sabWos samarTali~ moiTxovda, rom kaTalikoss mxolod imis Semdeg
moexdina episkoposis xeldasxma anCis saydarze, roca kandidats eqneboda
`yovelTa maT udabnoTa wameba da wigni yovelTa WeSmariti sawamebeli~, saqme
isaa, rom anCeli episkoposis samwysoSi Sedioda cnobili klarjeTis 12
samonastre savane. maSasadame, adgilobrivi saeklesio tradicia moiTxovda
anCel saepiskoposo kandidats jer moepovebina am savaneebisagan (udabnoTa)
Tanxmoba, Tanac Tanxmoba werilobiTi saxisa, `sawamebeli~, anu dasamowmebeli
`wignis~ saxiT150.
ivane javaxiSvilis azriT, aRniSnuli `wameba da Tanadgoma~ (mrevlisa
da samwysos RvTismsaxurebisa) episkoposTa kurTxevisaTvis mTel maSindel
saqarTveloSi iyo SemoRebuli wesad151. SesaZloa, es marTlac ase iyo, magram
giorgi merCules azriT, aseTi wesi konkretulad anCis saepiskoposoSi iyo
SemoRebuli. avtori wers kidec, Tu ra iyo amis mizezi. es yofila anCis
saepiskoposo kaTedris xandazmuloba, `uricxvi Jamni~, agreTve is, rom mas
hyolia `episkoposnica mravalni~ da amasTanave yvela anCeli episkoposi
yovelTvis ZvelTaganve yofila `umizezo, wmida da Rirsi~ _ `viTarca Sehgavs
wmidisa mas saydarsa qalwulebiT damarxulsa gaxrwnisagan wvalebisa
gularZnilisa moZRvrebisa saxelsa zeda wmidisa qristes RmrTisa xatisasa
aRSenebulsa~152. e.i. wmida da Rirseuli episkoposebi imitom SeSvenis anCis
saepiskoposos, rom man qalwulebrivad daicva Tavi mwvaleblebisagan. cxadia,
aq igulisxmeba is, rom anCis mezoblad taoSi mdebare iSxnis da sxva
qarTulma saepiskoposoebma ver SeZles Tavis dacva somxuri eklesiisagan da
VI-VII saukuneebSi misi iurisdiqciis qveS moeqcnen, xolo anCis saydari, anu
saepiskoposi yovelTvis diofizituri, anu marTlmadidebluri yofila.
amasTan dakavSirebiT ismis kiTxva, xom ar miiCnies anCis saepiskoposo
kaTedraze asuli cqiri prosomxuri orientaciis pirad? amis mizezic hqondaT,
Tbilisis saamiro, rogorc aRvniSneT, arabul provincia `armeniaSi~ Sedioda,
sadac arabebi somxur eklesias araTu aviwroebdnen, aramed xels uwyobdnen
kidec. Tbilisis saamiroSic, gansakuTrebiT ki qvemo qarTlSi, amis gamo
somxur eklesias didi gasaqani mieca. amitomac, cxadia, somxuri eklesiisagan
dazaralebulad miCneul mxares, kerZod ki tao-klarjeTis qarTvel berebs
sruli safuZveli hqondaT saeWvod mieCniaT Tbilisis amira sahakis aRzrdili
cqiris anCis saydarze asvla. uwoda kidec cqirs giorgi merCulem `RvarZli
sarwebs aRmocenebuli~153, magram daeWveba, cxadia, ar iyo sakmarisi mis
gadasayeneblad, amitomac moiZebna zemoaRniSnuli safuZveli _ qarTlis
kaTalikoss adgilobrivi `sabWos samarTlis~ mixedviT, ufleba ar hqonda
klarjeTis monastrebis dasamowmebeli `wignebis~ (anu Tanxmobis) gareSe anCis
saydris episkoposi daesva. ufro metic, cqirs adgilobrivi mmarTvelobis
winaSe uSuamdgomla Tbilisis amiram, romelsac uari ver uTxra aSotma.

`amgvarad cqirma `mZlavrebiT daipyra anCi~. erTxel uweso gzaze damdgars

erTimeoreze ufro mcdari saqcieli Caudenia: `SesZina Zviri Zvirsa misa
zeda~154. `uwesoebaTa~ Sesaxeb SeniSnes cqirs meudabnoe mamebma, `kaTolike
eklesiis samwysom~ da ufro ki mama grigolma `rameTu udabnoebis
arqimandriti iyo~. brZola ise gaZlierda, rom cqirs mama grigolis
mosaklavad kacic ki dauqiravebia, magram didma saswaulma es danaSauli
CaSala. cqiri kidev ufro gaborotda. amitom `erTobiT auwyes yoveli didsa
mas xelmwifesa aSot kurapalatsa da brZanebiTa misiTa yovelTa maT moweseTa
anCisa kaTolike eklesiiTa wigni misweres qarTlisa kaTalikosisasa mimarT
da mis mier episkoposni Rirsni moiwines anCs da maT Tana Semokribes yovelni
igi meudabnoebi mamani~155.
anCis krebis mimdinareoba aseTi yofila: qarTlis kaTalikosis mier
gamogzavnili episkoposebisa da meudabnoe mamebis garda, krebas eswreboda
`yovelni mRvdelni da mrevlni anCisani~. krebas did Rirsebas matebda
`moqmedi netari deda febronia~ giorgi merCulis azriT, kreba iyo `wmida
mimsgavsebuli pirvelTa maT wmidaTasa~.
krebaze wmida mamebma episkoposebs warudgines braldeba cqiris mimarT.
kaTalikosis mier warmogzavnilma ierarqebma saqmis viTareba moismines, ris
Semdegac krebam ganaCeni gamoitana, ganaCeni maSinve iqna aRsrulebuli. giorgi
merCule wers _ `winaSe episkoposTa maT warmouTxres cqirsa samarTali,
usjuloeba misi, sarwmunoTa maT saswaulTa moqmedTa kacTa warmdebi mizezi
augTa misTa piris-pir~156.
ganaCeni da misi aRsruleba aseTi yofila: `maSin sarwmunoTa maT
mRvdelT-moZRvarTa gankveTes igi pativisagan misisasa da mamaman grigol da
dedaman
febronia
Semosili
sakurTxeveliT
STamoiyvanes
da
winaSe
sakurTxevelsa ganZarcves da yovelTa erTobiT ganxades kaTolike eklesiiT,
viTarca-Ra
aso
dampali
mwvalebelTaebr
yovliT-kerZove
Sjulisa
155
gardamavali ganidevna igi~ .
episkoposis gandevna moxda, rogorc Cans, rogorc kaTalikosis nebarTvis,
ise adgilobrivi xelmwifis Tanxmobis gareSe, amiT unda yofiliyo
gamowveuli is, rom cqiri kvlav daabrunes Tavis kaTedraze. cqiri, mematianis
TqmiT, `tfilis warvida sahak amirisa, patronisa Tvisisave da wyinebiTa
misiTa reca mieSua kurapalati da kualad mZlevarebiT daipyra anCis
saydari~156. kurapalati moridebia Tbilisis amiras ganawyenebas da anCis
kaTedra cqirisaTvis daubrunebia, rac ukaTalikosod ar moxdeboda.
aRsaniSnavia, rom xalxi, `eri anCisai~, samwyso, anCelis, e.i. cqiris gverdiT
damdgara. am dros, rogorc Cans, Tavi iCina eklesiis istoriaSi cnobilma
davam eklesiis meTaur-episkoposebsa da monastris berebs Soris. saeklesio
kanonebis mcodne v. cipinis azriT, saerTo, saeklesio kanonmdebloba
monastrebs Seexo V saukuneSi. qalkedonis krebis mamebma me-4 kanonSi
ganacxades: `zogi samonazvno saxiT Semosili Slis saeklesio da samoqalaqo
saqmeebs. TviTneburad dadis qalaqSi da mxolod amas ki ar Cadis, aramed
gabedulad iwyebs TavisTvis monastris Senebas. miviCnevT, aravin arasodes ar
unda aaSenos monasteri da samRvdlo saxli im qalaqis episkoposis Tanxmobis
gareSe, TiToeuli qalaqisa da soflis monazvnebi unda daemorCilon maT
episkoposs, Seiyvaron siCume, mxolod marxvasa da locvaSi unda
iyvnen

gankrZalulebi da momTmenni imave adgilas, sadac maTi amqveyniuri

cxovrebidan gansvla Sedga Tavdapirvelad. nurc saeklesio da nurc
amqveyniur saqmeebSi nu Caerevian da nu miiReben monawileobas. nu dastoveben
Tavis monasters, garda iseTi SemTxvevisa, roca qalaqis episkoposi ubrZanebs
wasvlas raime saWiro saqmeze~157. v.cipinis azriT, qalkedoniti mamebis mizani
am kanonis miRebis dros iyo `daecvaT saeklesio mmarTveloba `mousvenari
berebis~ uweso Carevisagan~158. samonastro sazogadoebebi moyvanili kanonis
Tanaxmad, moeqcnen episkoposis daqvemdebarebaSi157.
rogorc qalkedonis krebis aRniSnuli (me-4) kanoni uCvenebs, episkoposis
nebarTvis gareSe ikrZaleboda monastris mSenebloba, maSasadame, unebarTvo
mSenebloba _ ukanono iyo, aqedan gamomdinare, gasagebi xdeba anCeli
episkoposis qmedeba, roca man `Sekriba eri anCisa da waravlina darRvevad
xanZTisa~159.
es Cveni eklesiis istoriisaTvis sruliad gaugebari qmedebaa dRevandeli
TvalTaxedviT, magram maSin anCel episkoposs qalkedonis me-4 kanonis
Sesabamisad, SeeZlo ukanonod mieCnia monastrebis daumorCilebloba da
unebarTvo samonastro mSeneblobebis momizezebiT gadaewyvita maTi dangreva.
rom ar hqonoda episkoposs Sesabamisi saeklesio sakanonmdeblo baza, cxadia,
igi ver gabedavda kurapalatTa winaaRmdeg wasvlas, maSin, roca isini xels
uwyobdnen da saxsrebs iRebdnen mSeneblobisaTvis, episkoposs ki misi
dangreva surda, magram sabednierod xanZTa uflis nebiT dangrevas gadarCa, _
cqiri uecrad gardaicvala.
giorgi merCule iqve ganmartavs, rom klarjeTis monastrebi sazogadod ki
ar eurCebodnen anCel episkoposebs, aramed aseTi iyo mxolod cqiri.
`romelman Cven, glaxakTa, SvilTa mamisa grigolisTa, yvedreba mogvispo da
umecrebiT mayvedrebelsa sircxvili daumkvidra... bralTa misTa yvedrebaT,
romelsa eWudes, mouspen netarisa mamisa grigolisa madliTa, romeli
qveyanasa zeda cxovndeboda viTarca angelozi~160. maSasadame, wm. grigolis
gardacvalebis Semdegac eklesiaSi yofilan adamianebi, romelnic brals
debdnen da yvedrebas ambobdnen albaT wmida moRvawis grigolis mowafeTa e.i.
berebis mimarT, Cans zemomoyvanili msgavsi ambebis gamo160.
sazogadod,
VII-X
saukuneebSi
saqarTveloSi
eklesias
hqonda
gansakuTrebuli mdgomareoba. mecnier-specialistebis azriT, IX-X saukuneebSi
sasuliero xelisufleba cdilobda saeroze upiratesobis mopovebas, ufro
metic, eklesias surda qveynis mmarTvelobis xelSi Cagdeba161. aseT qmedebas
ivane javaxiSvili uwodebs `cezaro-papizms~, magram, cezaro-papizmi maSinaa
msgavsi qmedeba, roca samefo xelisufleba (da ara saeklesio) Tavis xelSi
iRebs saeklesio mmarTvelobas (ase iyo zogjer bizantiasa da ruseTSi
zogierTi RvTismetyvelis azriT), saqarTveloSi ki am dros piriqiT iyo _
eklesia saero mmarTvelobis Tavis xelSi aRebas cdilobda ara imis gamo,
rom es mas surda, aramed imis gamo, rom qveynis centraluri mmarTveloba
moSlili iyo jer sparsTa, Semdeg bizantielTa da arabTa mier. amis gamo
saepiskoposoebi da saeklesio kerebi iqcnen qveyanaSi moSlili kanonierebis
damcvelebad anda kanonierebis mosarCleebad, miT umetes, rom xelisufleba
dauZlurebuli iyo, xolo eklesia ki, piriqiT, did Zalas warmoadgenda.

amis kargi magaliTia motanili gansaxilvel epoqaSi Seqmnil serapion

zarzmelis cxovrebaSi. imJamindeli saqarTvelos erT-erT centralur
kuTxeSi
_
samcxeSi
moiSala
samTavro
xelisufleba,
centraluri
xelisuflebis arseboba nawarmoebSi ki saerTod ar Cans. qveyanaSi daiwyo
didi `SfoTi da uwesoeba~, urTierTkvla da ojaxebis ganadgureba. sabolood,
saqveyno Zalaufleba Tavis xelSi aiRo mawyverelma episkoposma giorgim,
romelmac qveyanaSi wesrigi daamyara Svid weliwadSi, meSfoTe mTavrebis
qoneba ki eklesias gadasca. kerZod, beSqen bahlaundis Zes, did mTavar mirians
colad hyavda aseve didi mTavris giorgi CorCanelis dai latavri (Tekla),
romelTanac gauCnda Svilebi sula,
beSqen da laklaki. agreTve hyoliaT
qaliSvilic. mTavari giorgi uSvilod gardaicvala, Tavisi qoneba das
dautova. roca Svilebi wamoizardnen, siZemac moiTxova wili qonebidan _
`nawil uc mamulsa Tana Tqvensa dasa amas Tqvensa, vinaidgan Tqvenca dedisa
mier gaqvs~, e.i. Tavis colisZmebs mosTxova, rom miecaT disTvis nawili
qonebidan. imJamindeli wesiT, Cans, qonebis
memkvidre Aara mxolod vaJebi
iyvnen, amitom siZem ganacxada, rom ojaxSi qoneba dedis (qalis) mxridan iyo
Sesuli, maSasadame, qalsac (das) ekuTvnis wilio. am davis gamo laklakma
mokla Tavisi siZe. amis Semdeg sami wlis manZilze ojaxebs Soris didi
SuRli Camovarda. sabolood, awyuris saepiskoposo kaTedraze avida giorgi
Suartyleli, romelmac `xelT idva ra gangeba samcxisa, daawynara yoveli
sabrZanebeli Tvisi, viTarca wes iyo da daipyra yoveli mamuli da eklesiani
pirvelTa maT meSfoTeTani~162.
imis Semdeg, rac episkoposma xelSi aiRo `gangeba samcxisa~ da `daipyra
mamuli da eklesiani~ meSfoTeebisa, Svidi wlis ganmavlobaSi samcxis
qveyanaSi `dascxres da dadumnes yovelive SfoTiani da uwesobani wmidisa amis
mRvdelT moZRvarisa giorgis mier~1. mwerali giorgi mawyverelis mier saero
Zalauflebis Tavis xelSi aRebas `did saqmes~ uwodebs, radganac man
`daawynara yoveli sabrZanebeli viTarca wes iyo~. episkopos giorgi
mawyverelis amgvari qmedeba gamonaklisi ki ar yofila, aramed saqarTvelos,
kerZod, mesxeTis imJamindeli wesi. aseTi ram xdeboda dasavleT evropis
eklesiaSic, roca romis saimperatoro xelisufleba moiSala, saepiskoposoebi
iqcnen qveyanaSi kanonierebis centrebad, da radganac eklesias didi Zala
hqonda, episkoposTa nawili saero mmarTvelad, kanonmdeblad gadaiqca,
swored ganxilul dros VII-IX saukuneebSi. CvenSi saero-samefo xelisufleba
da, maSasadame, saxelmwifoebriobis umTavresi elementi moispo jer
sparselTa mier VI saukuneSi, roca maT mefoba droebiT gaauqmes, Semdeg ki
arabebis Semosevebisas. amis gamo provinciebSi Zalaufleba xelSi aiRes
adgilobrivma mTavrebma, magram isini ZiriTadad urTierTqiSpis, umetesad ki
mtrebTan brZolis gamo ver gaZlierdnen. amis nebas arc iZleoda
dampyrobeli.
mtrisagan
Tavisufal
saqarTvelos
kuTxeebSi
TandaTan
gamoikveTnen samTavro xelisufalni, male isini qveynis mmarTvel mefeebad
iqcnen. Camoyalibda tao-klarjeTis, afxazTa da her-kaxTa kuTxuri samefoebi.
tao-klarjeTSi (da saerTod saqarTveloSi) am epoqaSi eklesiis da samTavro
xelisuflebis urTierTobisa Tu urTierTdapirispirebis Sesaxeb wers m.
lorTqifaniZe _ `rogorc cnobilia, samTavroSi sasuliero xelisufleba
didi avtoritetiT sargeblobs da did Zalas warmoadgens qveynis cxovrebaSi.
sasuliero xelisufleba cdilobs kidec upiratesobis mopovebas saeroze,

yovel SemTxvevaSi, saero xelisuflebisagan damoukideblobis miswrafebas

sasuliero xelisufleba aSkarad avlens... eklesia did Zalad iqceva, is,
saerTod, qveynis mmarTvelobis xelSi Cagdebas lamobs. Widili saeklesio da
saero-samoqalaqo xelisuflebas Soris, sabolood ukanasknelis gamarjvebiT
mTavrdeba~163.
rogorc Cans, tao-klarjeTSi, kaxeTsa da hereTSic qarTuli eklesiis
xelSi did Zalauflebas unda moeyara Tavi. kaxeTis `qorepiskoposobis~
instituti eklesiisagan unda iyos aRmocenebuli. rogorc cnobilia, kaxeTSi
qorepiskoposebi SemdgomSi saero mTavrebad gadaiqcnen. amis damamtkicebel
erT-erT magaliTad migvaCnia aRniSnul epoqaSi, kerZod, IX s-is SuaxanebSi
gardabnis sakmaod did mxareSi `xucis~ Svilis gamTavreba. buRa Turqma sahak
Tbilisis amiras mokvlis Semdeg `Seipyra xucisa visime Ze, romeli mTavar iyo
gardabans da Semusra gardabani~164.
rogorc iTqva, eklesiis xelSi saero xelisuflebis elementebi eqceoda
usaxelmwifoebriobis dros, roca ar arsebobda saxelmwifo xelisufleba. ase
iTqmis gansakuTrebiT im provinciebis Sesaxeb, sadac ver wvdeboda
dampyrobelTa
Zalaufleba,
adgilobrivi
saero
xelisufleba
jer
gamokveTili ar iyo, xolo erovnuli, centralizebuli saxelmwifo ki ukve
aRar arsebobda.
ase iyo tao-klarjeTSic. marTalia, aq gamoikveTa saero xelisufleba,
romelic akurTxa eklesiam wmida grigol xanZTelis piriT, magram eklesiis
avtoriteti, gansakuTrebiT ki monastrebisa, Zalze didi iyo, amitomac cqiris
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT kurapalati did angariSs uwevs maT, meore mxriv,
eklesiis centraluri mmarTveloba kaTalikosis saxiT aSkarad miiCnevs
saWirod Tbilisis amirasaTvis angariSis gawevas saerTo saeklesio saqmis
sasargeblod, am pozicias eTanxmeba kurapalatic. amitomac, rogorc aRiniSna,
anCis saeklesio krebis ganCineba gadaisinja da cqiri kvlav daabrunes
saepiskoposo
kaTedraze,
es
unda
momxdariyo
cxadia,
sahak
amiras
sicocxleSive, e.i. 853 wlamde.
6. javaxeTis saeklesio kreba
(IX s-is 60-iani wlebi)
IX saukunis 60-ian wlebSi `xelmwifed~ wodebulma mamfalma guaram didma
`brZana Sekreba episkoposTa da udabnoTa mamaTa da yovelni Semokrbes
javaxeTs~165.
am
epoqaSi
`qarTuli
eklesiisa
da
samwysos
gasaocar
zrdas
mWevrmetyvelurad mowmobs axaldaarsebuli `samRvdel-moZRvroni~, magaliTad,
`qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, bagrat kurapalatma (826-876) aRadgina iSxanSi
saepiskoposo da pirvelad `iqmna saba episkopos iSxansa zeda~, erisTavT
erisTavma aSot kuxma (+918 w.) `aRaSena tbeTi SavSeTs da dasva pirvelad
episkoposad sanatreli stefane~, adarnase (887-923) daviT kurapalatis Zem
`aRaSena bana, xeliTa kvirike banelisaTa, romeli iqmna pirvel episkopoz
banel~, giorgi afxazTa mefem (921-955) `aRaSena saydari Wyondidisa, Seqmna
saepiskopozod da ganamSvena simravliTa wmidiTa martvilTaTa~. qarTvelebis
imdroindeli sisxlsavse sulieri da sazogadoebrivi cxovreba, xolo

qarTuli eklesiis didi uflebebi da upiratesobani kargadaa asaxuli giorgi

merCules ukvdav qmnilebaSi `cxovreba grigol xanZTelisa~. masSi `qarTuli
eklesia warmogvidgeba, rogorc didi xnis winaT Camoyalibebuli saeklesio
organizacia, romelsac gaaCnia damoukidebeli avtokefaluri eklesiisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli yvela atributi~166.
qarTuli eklesia medgrad aRudga win arabTa Semosevebs. arabTa
laSqrobebi iyo ara mxolod dapyrobiTi, aramed mcdeloba mahmadianobis
gavrcelebisa.
saqarTveloSi arabTa laSqrobaTa Sedegad kidev ufro dasustda erT
dros
saxelovani
qarTuli
samefo
dinastia
xosroianebisa,
vaxtang
gorgasalis STamomavlebisa: `xolo amieriTgan iwyo Semcirebad mefobaman
didTa xuasroanTaman... ukeTu vinme gamoCndis SvilTa Soris vaxtangisaTa,
romelimc Rirs iyo mefed, iqmnis Semcirebul sarkinozTagan~167. arabebma
daipyres Tbilisi da saamiros centrad aqcies. gamahmadianda `mravali eri~168.
Zveli samefo dinastiis TandaTanobiTi gaqrobis kvaldakval qarTulma
eklesiam iRvawa axlis mosaZieblad da warmosaCenad. yuradRebis centrSi
moeqca bagrationTa saxli, romelsac Cveni mematianeebi da grigol xanZTeli
(maSasadame, eklesia) _ `daviT winaswarmetyvelis STamomavlebs (naTesavebs)~
uwodebdnen. daviT winaswarmetyveli ki `xorcielad mamad RmrTisad iwoda~99.
bizantiam xeli Seuwyo arabTagan devnil bagrationTa saxlis aRzevebas imiT,
rom bizantiis gavlenis sferoSi moqceul samxreT saqarTveloSi cno maTi
mmarTveloba da saxlis yvelaze ufro gamoCenil pirebs sakariskaco tituls
- kurapalatis wodebas aniWebda. meore mxriv, bagrationebis samefo saxlma
Zveli - `xosroianTa~ samefo dinastiisagan miiRo qveynis mmarTvelobis
legitimuri ufleba `mefis~ wodebisa. legitimurobis ufleba aseTi gziT
ganxorcielebula:
adarnase
bagrationis
qaliSvili
latavri
SeirTo
xosroian-gorgaslovan mefeTa STamomavalma juanSer arCilis Zem. bizantiisa
da imdroindel bizantiur samyaroSi miRebuli wesis Tanaxmad, qalsa (rZalsa)
da mis naTesavebsac mamakacTa darad gadaecemodaT saxlis ufleba. bizantiis
istoriidan cnobilia mravali magaliTi, roca romelime imperatoris
gardacvalebis Semdeg imperatoris wodebas iRebda Zveli imperatoris
meuRlis Zma an naTesavi. legitimurobis gadacemis ufleba qalis gziT
saqarTveloSic rom yofila gavrcelebuli, es kargad Cans `abo Tbilelis
wamebidan~: gandevnili nerse erisTavis magier qarTlis erisTavad arabebma
daayenes stefanoz gurgenis Ze. nerses `erisTavobis~ wodeba miaCnda Tavisi
`saxlis uflebad~, magram stefanoz gurgenis ZisaTvis erisTavis pativis
miniWeba ar miiCnia Tavisi `saxlis uflebis~ Seuracxyofad, gaexarda kidec,
radganac stefanozi misi diswuli iyo, diswulisaTvis `erisTavobis~ pativis
miniWeba nersem Tavisi `saxlis uflebis~ dacvad miiCnia: `rameTu uflebai igi
saxlisa misisagan ara ganaSora RmerTman~. arabebma `stefanoz, diswuli
nersesi nacvlad dedis Zmisa Tvisisa nerseisa erisTavad qveyanasa amas
qarTlad~ warmoagzavnes. aqedan Cans, rom saxlis legitimuri ufleba
`erisTavobisa~ Tu `mefobisa~ gadaecemoda qalis naTesavebsac.
am zemoaRniSnuli uflebis gamo Zvel saqarTveloSi miCneuli iyo, rom
`xosroian-gorgaslianTa~ saxlis ufleba `qarTvelTa mefed~ wodebisa
bagrationebis saxlSi Sevida latavris gziT. rogorc aRiniSna, adarnase
bagrationis qaliSvili SeirTo arCil mefis vaJma juanSerma. amis Semdeg ukve

adarnase bagrationis yovel STamomavals ufleba hqonda pretendenti

yofiliyo `qarTlis~ an `qarTvelTa~ mefed wodebisa gorgaslovan mefeTa
darad. ase miiRo latavris Zmam aSot kurapalatma mefed wodebis ufleba.

amitomac uwodebs `matiane qarTlisais~ avtori aSot kurapalats `mefes~:

`Semdgomad sikvdilisa adarnasesisa ganadida ufalman mefoba aSot
kurapalatisa~169.
aSot kurapalati mowameobrivad aResrula. mtrebma igi mokles `eklesiasa
Sina da sisxli misi, romeli maSin daiTxia, awca ixilvis viTaca axali~, igi
mouklavT 829 wlis 29 ianvars.
rogorc iTqva, aSot kurapalatis umcrosma vaJma guaram mamfalma moiwvia
javaxeTis saeklesio kreba. guaram `didi~, `xelmwife~, rogorc mas uwodebs
matiane, qarTuli eklesiis erT-erTi udidesi aRmaSenebeli da misi erTguli
moRvawe iyo. man `meored aRaSena~ opizas cnobili monasteri klarjeTSi,
bolos monazvnad aRikveca da opizaSi daikrZala.
am dros qarTuli eklesiis sasuliero birTvi, sakaTalikoso kari,
rogorc Cans, arabTa Semosevebis mizeziT Sida qarTlSi Seqmnili mZime
viTarebis gamo samxreT saqarTveloSi iyo gadanacvlebuli _ samcxesa,
klarjeTsa Tu taoSi, mcxeTeli kaTalikosis Rirsebis dacvisaTvis yoveli
RoniT zrunavdnen iqauri mTavrebi. Cans, am mizezis gamo SeZlo samcxis
mTavarma mirianma kaTalikos ilarion I-is (daaxl. 850-860) gardacvalebis
Semdeg, samcxeli didebulebis mxardaWeriT, sakaTalikoso taxtze aeyvana
Tavisi Ze arsen I (daaxl. 860-887). am droisaTvis samxreT saqarTvelos erTerTi didi `xelmwife~ guaram mamfali `gulZvirad~ yofila ganwyobili
samcxeli mTavris mirianis mimarT. mis mier sakaTalikoso taxtze arsenis
ayvana `mZlavrobad~ gamoucxadebia da ubrZanebia saeklesio krebis mowveva,
raTa axali kaTalikosi saeklesio wesebis dacviT saeklesio krebas aerCia.
guaram mamfalis xelmwifebis qveS am dros imyofeboda javaxeTi, TrialeTi,
taSiri, aboci da artani. am dros sarkinozebTan (arabebTan) medgrad ibrZoda
guarami
`hbrZoda
sarkinozTa,
zogjer
sZlis
guaram
da
zogjer
170
sarkinozTa ,
qarTli,
kerZod
ki
Sida
qarTli,
brZolis
areals
warmoadgenda. mis dasaufleblad qarTvelebi da arab-somxebi erTmaneTs
ebrZodnen. arabebi da somxebi am droisaTvis gaerTianebuli ZaliT
axerxebdnen Sida qarTlis mniSvnelovan cixeTa daWerasac ki. es qarTvel
(kerZod, ki afxaz da tao-klarjel) xelisufalTaTvis mouTmeneli iyo. guaram
mamfalma, rogorc iTqva, Tavisi mklavis ZaliT SeZlo javaxeTisa da
mimdebare mxareebis daWera. javaxeTSive mowveul krebas unda ganexila arsen
pirvelis kaTalikosad wodebis kanonikurobis sakiTxi.
giorgi merCule ase aRwers krebis wina viTarebas: `didi arseni qarTlisa
kaTalikoz iqmna... aramed qarTlisa episkoposni mirean arsenis mamisaTvis
friad gulwyebul iyvnes amis mizezisaTvis, rameTu Tvinier ganzraxvisa
maTisa mZlavr samcxisa eriTa Ze Tvisi daadgina kaTalikosad TanadgomiTa da
kurTxeviTa mcirediTa episkoposTaTa~171.
maSasadame, guaram mamfalze ufro metad iyvnen `qarTlis episkopozni~
gulgamwyralni da nawyeni, radganac samcxis mTavarma daarRvia maTi
wmidaTawmida ufleba _ aerCiaT Tavisi kaTalikosi. romelime eklesiis

avtokefaliis arsi, cnobili kanonistebis ganmartebiT, swored imaSi

mdgomareobs, rom am eklesiis episkoposebs SeuZliaT airCion TavianTi
eklesiis meTauri. Tu eklesiis meTaurs ar irCeven am eklesiis episkoposebi,
aramed niSnavs sxva, ucxo eklesiis meTauri, maSin aRniSnuli eklesia
avtokefaluri ar aris. meore mxriv, eklesiis TavisTavadobas maSinac ecleba
safuZveli da meryevi xdeba, rodesac eklesiis meTaurs niSnavs romelime
saero xelisufali episkoposTa umravlesobis nebis gauTvaliswineblad. ase
rom, samcxis mTavarma mirianma ara mxolod saeklesio kanonebi daarRvia,
roca episkoposTa umravlesobis ufleba SebRala, aramed qarTuli eklesiis
TavisTavadobasac garkveulwilad ziani miayena. aseTi mdgomareoba, cxadia,
miuRebeli iyo qarTuli eklesiis iseTi udidesi mfarvelisaTvis, rogoric
iyo im
droisaTvis guaram mamfali, miT umetes, rom mis samflobeloSi,
rogorc Cans, gadmosuli iyo droebiT, mcxeTis sakaTalikoso kari. guaram
mamfali
valdebuli
iyo
gaeTvalisiwnebina
qarTlis
episkoposTa
umravlesobis survili da daekmayofilebina maTi `friadi gulwyebuleba~. am
saqmis movla da garkveva SeeZlo saeklesio krebas.
krebis mowvevis Semdeg, guaramis brZanebis Sesabamisad, javaxeTSi movidnen
episkoposebi da `udabnoTa mamebi~, e.i. monasterTa winamZRvar-moZRvrebi.
daigviana mxolod `udabnoTa varskvlavma~, arqimandritma grigol xanZTelma
da zogierTma sxva `udabnos~ winamZRvarma mamam. arqimandrit netar grigols
`wadierad moelodnen yovelni~. grigol xanZTels udidesi avtoriteti hqonda
eklesiaSi, imdenad, rom saeklesio krebamac ki misi monawileobis gareSe ar
ineba muSaobis dawyeba. amasTanave, isic unda aRiniSnos, rom Zvel epoqaSi,
ruis-urbnisis krebamde, eklesiaSi sazogadod didi iyo wona moZRvrebisa,
monasterTa winamZRvrebze Tu arafers vityviT. imdenad didi iyo moZRvarTa,
e.i. episkoposobis pativis armqone samRvdeloTa wona, rom episkoposebi maTgan
garkveulwilad SezRudulebic ki iyvnen `wesisa da rjulis maswavleblobis~
sferoSi, amitomac rus-urbnisis krebam sagangebo muxli miuZRvna `moZRvarTa~
SezRudvisa da maTi raodenobis Semcireba-regulirebis sakiTxs, rac
ganxilulia qvemoT. aRsaniSnavia, rom Zveli eklesiis es Tviseba amJamadac
SemorCenilia somxur eklesiaSi, sadac moZRvars `arqimandrit-varTapets~
udidesi avtoriteti aqvs da misi avtoriteti `rjulis maswavleblobis~
sferoSi ar Camouvardeba episkoposisas.
krebaze arqimandrit grigol xanZTelis mosvlas Tan daerTo udidesi
saswaulebrivi niSani. am TvaliT xilulma saswaulma gansazRvra krebis
msvleloba da ASearbila episkoposTa `friadi gulwyebuleba~ maTi nebarTvis
gareSe sakaTalikoso taxtze aRzevebuli arsenis mimarT.
es saswauli iyo Semdegi saxisa: `ixiles wmidai igi (grigoli) momavali
karauliTa Soris krebulsa mas mamaTasa sakvirvelad xilviTa, rameTu
samoseli igi Seuracxi, romel emosa moxucebulsa mas, esreT Canda, viTarca
samoseli naTlisa brwyinvalisa ganucdelisa. xolo Tavsa missa kukuli
ixilveboda, viTarca gvirgvini sameufo patiosanTa TvalTa da margalitTagan
fasdaudebelTa aRmkuli~172. maSasadame, grigolze moweuli saswauli msgavsi
iyo feriscvalebisa, uflis saswaulebrivi saxecvlisa, roca misi tanisamosi
ganspetakda, xolo saxe gabrwyinda, viTarca mze. aRsaniSnavia, rom grigolis
mowafeebzec aseTi didebis naTlis sveti ixilveboda.

jer kidev krebis dawyebamde eruSnelma episkoposma ganacxada `odes

movides varskvlavi igi udabnoTa, maSin ganemarTos saqme da ganzraxva
yovelTa~, radganac grigolis mosvlamdec saubrobdnen `wesis winamZRvarni~
arsenis kaTalikosobis irgvliv, magram veraferi gadawyvites. rogorc iTqva,
grigols `wadierad moelodes yovelni~, axla ki grigolis saswaulebrivma
mobrZanebam
misi
yoveli
sityva
da
neba
episkoposTaTvis
ueWvel
aRsasrulebel saqmed aqcia. guaram mamfali, romlisaTvisac, rogorc
xelmwifisaTvis, yvelaze maRla idga wesierebisa da kanonierebis dacva, miT
umetes, saeklesio sferoSi, ucnobi yofila episkoposTa es bolo
gadawyvetileba.
saeklesio kreba daiwyo. igi gaxsna guaram mamfalma Tavisi Sesavali
sityviT: `wmidano mamano, episkoposno da meudabnoeno, iciT yovelTa kanoni
Sjulisa, rameTu ara brZanebs episkoposisa da kaTalikozisa mZlavrobiT
dajdomasa~173, amis Semdgom guaramma sityva gaagrZela momxdari ukanonobis
irgvliv: `amas sityvasa Sina augisa sityvani ganamravlna~173.
sityvis
damTavrebis Semdeg guarami eloda episkoposTa sityvebs `eloda pasuxsa
maTgan~173, magram guarami gaocda, roca mis mZafr sityvas episkoposebma
sruli dumiliT upasuxes. Semdeg siCumiT Sewuxebulma episkoposebma uTxres
efrem mawyverel episkoposs: `brZane pasuxi, rai jer ars~173. swored efremi
warmoadgenda axal sakaTalikoso kandidats arsenis sanacvlod, mas uWerda
mxars guaram mamfali. iqamde mas episkoposebic uWerdnen mxars da efremic
ganwyobili iyi taxtis saZieblad, surda sakaTalikoso taxtze asvla arsenis
nacvlad, magram grigolTan misma Sexvedram yvelaferi Secvala. grigolma
krebis win sagangebod sasaubrod farulad gaixmo Tavisi mowafe efremi da
uTxra: `Svilo, pativsa magas wmidisa mRvdelT-mTavrobisasa gafuceb, nu uSli
sulierad Zmasa Sensa arsenis~174. saqme is iyo, rom grigol xanZTeli mtkiced
uWerda mxars arsens da surda misi datoveba sakaTalikoso taxtze. am
survilis Setyobis Semdeg efremma grigols upasuxa: `wmidao mamao, ver egebis
ZmaTa CemTa episkoposTa ciloba samarTalisaTvis da mec Semindev, rameTu ara
var amieriTgan arsenis cxovari, da arca igi Cemi mwyemsi~. efremis am
sityvebma moZRvari Zalzed gaanawyena, amis gamo `wmidaman man mksinvared hrqua:
`ukueTu amas iqm, efrem, me uvar myav, viTa ara Seni moZRvari var~.
efremisaTvis, romelic siyrmidanve aRzrdili iyo grigolis mier, moZRvris
gancxadeba, rom igi mis sulier mamobas miatovebda, sikvdilze ufro
Tavzardamcemi cnoba iyo. efremi atirda. `netari efrem sityvasa mas zeda
sulierisa mamisa da moZRvrisa atirda da hrqua: `ficxel ars brZanebai ese,
ganmkveTel ufrois maxvilisa, aw nebai Seni iyavn, nu nebai Cemi wmidao
RmrTisao~175.
maSasadame, jer kidev krebis dawyebamde efremma moxsna Tavisi
kandidatura, uari ganacxada sakaTalikoso taxtze, rogorc Cans, es cnobili
iyo episkoposTaTvis, magram ucnobi guaramisaTvis, amitom krebis dawyebis
Semdeg, roca guaramma episkoposebs TavianTi azris gamoTqma mosTxova,
rogorc iTqva, maT pasuxis gacema daavales efrems. efremma ki sityva gadasca
grigols. `sada mamai grigol iyos, me mun ara vikadreb sityuad~. guarammac
grigols sTxova Tavisi azris gamoTqma. grigolma brZana: `arseni kaTalikozi
nebiTa RmrTisaiTa kaTalikoz ars da Zviris metyvelTa misTa, romelTa ara

Seinanon, kdemul iyvnes da sruliad hrcxvenes amas sawuTosa da mas

saukunesa~. grigolis sityvam ganarisxa guaram mamfali, Seepasuxa grigols,
Semdeg ki episkoposebs mimarTa: `Tqvengan jer ars gansagebeli Tqveni gangebad
aw TqviT, maT hrques: RvTis msaxuro guaram, qristesmierman saswaulman utyvi
qmna enai Cueni, rameTu vixileT dRes grigolis zeda miuwvdomeli didebai~176
da mouTxres guarams imdRevandeli saswaulis Sesaxeb. mematiane wers, rom
guarami iyo mdabali da RvTis moSiSi, iZlia simdableman da Sendoba sTxova
mama grigols. xolo sabolood episkoposebma daaskvnes: `jer me iyo mxilebai
ese arsenisaTvis, aramed aw amieriTgan arseni iyavn kaTalikos qarTlisa
yovlisa da sulierad mama yovelTa da yovelTa Soris. iWvica pirveli dammca-xsnil ars srulad~, rasac guaram mamfali da yoveli damswre daeTanxma.
amiT kreba dasrulda.
ismis kiTxva, ratom cdilobda grigol xanZTeli saeklesio wesis aSkara
darRveviT sakaTalikoso taxtze ayvanili arsenis dacvas? grigolma ase
ganumarta Tavisi moqmedeba efrems: `... RmerTsa ebrZana kaTalikosoba
arsenisi sisrulisa misisaTvis~177. e.i. arseni ufro `sruli~, e.i. Rirseuli
iyo (efremTan SedarebiT), misi kaTalikozobac RvTis neba yofila, albaT,
raime gamocxadebuli niSniT. magram arsenis mamas, mirian mTavars uCqaria da
Svili
`uJamo
SeswrafebiT~
(e.i.
aradrouli
aCqarebiT)
auyvania
gaTavisuflebul sakaTalikoso taxtze, amiT mas arsenis saxeli `augian
uyvia~ (e.i. SeubRalavs). yovelive am qmedebas ki mohyolia qarTlis
episkoposTa guliswyroma. maT gadauwyvetiaT krebis mowveva. grigoli ki
cdilobda `RvTis simarTle~ ganecxadebina arsenis mimarT, igi frTxilobda,
rom guliswyromiT Sekrebil episkoposebs gauWirdebodaT `RvTis simarTlis~
gamoZieba, amitomac uTxra efrems: `guliswyromaman kacisaman simarTle RvTisa
ara qmnis~, sabolood, rogorc iTqva, krebam arsenis kaTalikosoba daamtkica.
rogorc efrem mawyvereli, ise arsen didi, cnobili saeklesio moRvaweebi
arian. efrems hqonda diplomatiuri da administraciuli niWi, arseni ki
qarTuli eklesiis ideologi yofila. efremma Tavisi diplomatiuradministraciuli niWis wyalobiT SeZlo, rom axlad Seqmnili afxazeTis
sakaTaliko-sosaTvis mironis kurTxevis ufleba adgilzeve _ qarTlSi
moepovebina. saqme is iyo, rom VII saukuneSi, rogorc iTqva, herakle keisaris
Semosevis Semdeg bizantiis am imperatorma qarTlis samefos CamoaWra
dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispira provinciebi, vidre e.w. skanda-Sorapnis
xazamde. am qarTul miwa-wyalze amis Semdeg konstantinopolis sapatriarqom
ganaxorciela saeklesio iurisdiqcia, maSasadame, igi qarTuli eklesiis
iurisdiqciidan
gamovida.
kerZod,
fasisisa,
rodopolisisa
da
sxva
saepiskoposoebi dauqvemdebares konstantinopolis lazikis eparqias. cxadia,
dasavleT saqarTvelos am zRvispira mxareSi ukve mironi konstantinopolidan
SemohqondaT. VIII saukuneSi konstantinopolSi amtydari xatmebrZoluri
eresis gamo dasavleT saqarTvelos aRniSnulma saepiskoposoebma kavSiri
gawyvites
konstantinopolis
mwvaleblur
sapatriarqosTan
da,
Cans,
konstantinopolis nacvlad, mirons antioqiidan anda ierusalimidan iRebdnen.
efrem mawyverels mouxerxebia, rom dasavleT saqarTvelos mironi mieRo
qarTlidan, kerZod ki mcxeTidan. es mas mouxerxebia molaparakebaTa gziT.
`aramed didi efrem mravlisa keTilisa momatyuebel eqmna queyanasa Cuensa,
rameTu pirvelad aRmosavalisa kaTalikosTa, mihroni ierusalimiT mohyvanda

xolo efrem qristesmieriTa brZanebiTa mihronisa kurTxeva qarTls ganawesa

ierusalimis patriarqisa ganwesebiTa da wamebiTa sixaruliTa. aramed
qarTlad friadi queyana aRiracxebis, romelsaca Sina qarTuliTa eniTa Jami
Seiwirvis da locva yoveli aResrulebis~1.
rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, giorgi merCulis xelidan gamosul xelnawer
dedanSi sityva `aRmosavalisa~ qveS igulisxmeba `afxazeTisa~, es sityva
albaT daqaragmebuli iyo ase: `a-sa~, rac konteqstis Sesabamisad xelnaweris
gadamwers unda gaexsna, rogorc `afxazeTisa~. azrs, imis Sesaxeb, rom
xelnawerSi mocemuli sityva qaragmiT iyo dawerili, gvimtkicebs isic, rom
imave winadadebaSi kidev sami sityva aris qaragmiT dawerili. es sityvebia
`ierusalimiT~
(sityva
daqaragmebulia
amJamindel
xelnawerSic),
`qristesmieriTa~ (es sityvac daqaragmebulia amJamadac) da `ierusalimisa~
(aseve daqaragmebulia). ese igi, amJamadac aRniSnul winadadebaSi sami qaragmaa
_ `i-emiT~, `q-esmieriTa~, `i-emisa~178. vfiqrobT, am winadadebaSi meoTxe sityvac
(Tu ufro meti ara) Tavdapirvelad qaragmiT iyo gadmocemuli: `a-sa~. es
qaragma gadamwers gauxsnia ase: `aRmosavalisa~, teqstis mixedviT ki albaT
unda yofiliyo: `afxazeTisa~, maSin rTuli winadadeba azrobrivad gaimarTeba
da aseT saxes miiRebs:
adre afxazeTis kaTalikosebs mironi ierusalimiT
mohyvanda, xolo efremis mecadineobiT maTTvis saWiro mironis kurTxeva
qarTls ganewesa, rameTu afxazeTic qarTlia, radganac iq locvis ena
qarTulia da Jamiswirvac qarTul enaze Seiwireba.
ra ufleba hqonda mawyverel episkoposs afxazeTis sakaTalikosos mimarT,
ratom zrunavda misTvis? marTalia arapirdapiri, magram mainc pasuxi
`qarTlis cxovrebis~ erT CanarTSia mocemuli _ xelmwifem im qveynisa, sadac
moRvaweobda efrem mawyvereli (tao-klarjeTi), iuridiulad gaaforma
afxazeTis sakaTalikosos (e.i. dasavleT saqarTvelos did nawilis eklesiis)
dabruneba qarTuli eklesiis wiaRSi bizantielTa dasustebis Semdeg _ `xolo
aman bagrat gaaCina da ganawesa kaTalikosi afxazeTs qristes aqeT y-l~ (830
wels179. bagrat kurapalati, romelsac `gauCenia da ganuwesebia~ kaTalikosi
afxazeTisa, iyo guaram mamfalis Zma. misi ufrosoba bagrationebis samefo
saxlSi cno misma orive Zmam adarnasem da guaramma. qarTvelTa xelmwifes
ufleba hqonda afxazeTis sakaTalikosoze, msgavsadve saqarTvelos udides
saeklesio xelisufals efrem mawyverelsac SeeZlo ezruna, raTa afxazeTis
sakaTalikosos mironi mieRo ara ierusalimSi, aramed Seemzadebina adgilzeve,
e.i. `qarTlSi~ (qarTuli liturgikis mqone qveyanaSi), albaT mcxeTidan
miRebis ufleba igulisxmeba, mcxeTaSi, e.i. qarTlidan. cnobilia efremis
moZRvris grigol xanZTelis Rvawlic afxazeTis eklesiis mimarT.
grigoli didad afasebda efremis niWs, magram im droisaTvis qarTuli
eklesiisaTvis ufro saWirod CauTvlia arsenis kaTalikosoba. rogorc
aRiniSna, arseni iyo Tavis drois udidesi ideologi, ubadlo mcodne
somxeTis eklesiis istoriisa. arsenma samxreT saqarTvelos qarTvel
qristianebs miawoda im droisaTvis uaRresad saWiro ideologiuri naSromi
`ganyofisaTvis somexTa da qarTvelTa~. es naSromi mas dauweria VII saukunis
somxuri Txzulebis gamoyenebiT. ratom esaWiroeboda samxreT saqarTvelos es
naSromi? swored arsenisa da misi moZRvris, grigolis moRvaweobis Jams VIIIIX saukuneebSi qarTuli eklesia Tavis wiaRSi ibrunebda misgan iZulebiT
mowyvetil taos qarTvelobas. saqme isaa, rom VI - VII saukuneebSi sparsTa da

bizantielTagan gaZlierebulma somxurma eklesiam SeZlo deda eklesiis

wiaRidan moewyvita samxreT saqarTvelos erTi didi nawilis samwyso da masze
ganexorcielebina Tavisi iurisdiqcia. V saukuneSi tao-klarjeTi qarTuli
eklesiis wiaRSi Sedioda, es iqidan Cans, rom vaxtang gorgasalma aq daaarsa
monastrebi: opizisa, merisa, Sindobisa da axizisa. zogierTi
mkvlevaris
azriT, samonastro cxovreba daiwyo VI saukuneSi da amitomac TiTqosda
vaxtangi V saukuneSi monastrebs ar aaSenebda. maTi mosazreba ar eyrdnoba
raime wyaros da varaudzea dafuZnebuli, `vaxtang gorgasalis cxovreba~
Zveli wyaroa, romlis Sesabamisi cnobis uaryofisaTvis safuZveli ar
arsebobs. am wyaros Tanaxmad, vaxtang mefem `saberZneTSi~, e.i. palestinaierusalimsa da wmida miwaze (aseve mcire aziaSi), naxa monastrebi da am
monasterTa darad gadawyvita wamoewyo saqarTveloSic samonastro cxovreba.
gana V saukuneSi petre iberi da ioane lazi qarTuli samonastro cxovrebis
erT-erTi damaarsebelTaganni ar iyvnen wmida miwaze? ratom ar unda
yofiliyo CvenSi V saukuneSi monastrebi? rogorc wyaro brZanebs: qarTuli
eklesia-monastrebi
V
saukuneSive
iyvnen
tao-klarjeTSi.
bizantiidan
saqarTveloSi Semosvlis Jams vaxtang gorgasalma artavaz erisTavs ubrZana
aego artanujis cixe da `ubrZana, raTa gamonaxos xevsa mas Sina adgili
samonastre da aRaSenos eklesia da qmnes monastrad, viTarca exilvnes
monasterni saberZneTisani... artavaz aRaSena cixe artanujisa da monasteri,
romel ars opiza da samni eklesiani: daba merisa, Sindobisa da axizisa da
ganaaxla cixe axizisa da qmna igi quabad~180. es moxda daaxloebiT V saukunis
50-ian wlebSi.
aRsaniSnavia, rom cixe Tuxarisisa mdebareobda ara klarjeTSi, aramed
taoSi. VI da VII saukuneebSi, cnobili politikuri mizezebis gamo, tao da
nawilobriv klarjeTi somxurma eklesiam Tavisi iurisdiqciis qveS moaqcia.
maSasadame, tao-klarjeTis mosaxleoba, romelic uZvelesi droidanve
eTnikurad qarTuli iyo, gadaiqca samwysod somxuri eklesiisa. saqarTvelos
am uZveles mxareSi gansakuTrebiT gaZlierda somxuri qalkedonituri eklesia
(somxur eklesiaSi VIII s. 20-30-ian wlebamde ori frTa ebrZoda erTmaneTs,
monofizituri
da
qalkedonituri.
qalkedonituri
somxuri
eklesia
emezobleboda bizantia - samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos). tao-klarjeTSi
somxuri eklesia ise gaZlierda, rom aq somxuri eklesiis erT-erTi
sakaTalikoso centric ki Seiqmna iSxanSi, VII saukuneSi. mesxeTis mkvidri
qarTuli mosaxleoba somxuri eklesiis `frTeTa qveS~ yofnisas daadga aSkara
denacionalizaciis
gzas.
eklesiebSi
maTTan
dainerga
somxurenovani
msaxureba, somxuri wera-kiTxva da laparaki maTTvis ucxo aRar iyo. swored
aseT dros, VIII-IX saukuneebSi ufalma RmerTma imdenad gaaZliera sruliad
qarTuli eklesia, rom grigol xanZTelisa da misi mowafeebis RvawliT
TandaTanobiT tao-klarjeTi deda eklesiis wiaRs daubrunda. aseT dros
saWiro iyo, marTalia, arabTa Semosevebisa da qolerisagan Semcirebuli,
magram mainc mkvidrad mcxovrebi qarTuli mosaxleobis darwmuneba imaSi, rom
somxuri eklesiis wiaRSi yofna maT sulebs ki ar acxonebda, aramed
warwymedda, radganac somxuri eklesia mwvaleblobis buded iyo gadaqceuli,
xolo qarTuli eklesia mudam iyo wevri erTiani, mTliani, sayovelTao
msoflio eklesiisa da amdenad warmoadgenda marad marTlmadideblursa da
mociqulebrivi mociqulebrivi swavlis erTgul damcvels.

arsen didi Tavis TxzulebaSi (igulisxmeba wigni: arsen safareli

`ganyofisaTvis somexTa da qarTvelTa~) dawvrilebiT mimoixilavs somxuri
eklesiis istorias VII saukunis wyaroze dayrdnobiT, am Txzulebis
mkiTxvelisaTvis misi sandooba ueWveli iyo. igi udides gavlenas moaxdenda
mrevlze. swored es ideologiur-sarwmunoebrivi naSromi esaWiroeboda
imJamad qarTul eklesias. Cans, es iyo erTi mizezi imisa, rom grigol
xanZTelma swored arseni miiCnia yvelaze Rirseul sakaTalikoso kandidatad
da misi sakaTalikoso taxtze damkvidrebisaTvis arc episkoposTa krebasa da
arc didi xelmwifis avtoritets moerida.
saqarTveloSi ruseTis batonobisas da qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis
gauqmebisas marad ismoda kiTxva - iyo Tu ara qarTuli eklesia avtokefaluri
da,
saerTod,
rodis
moipova
man
avtokefalia.
qarTuli
eklesiis
avtokefaliis damtkicebisas iyenebdnen `grigol xanZTelis cxovrebidan~
javaxeTis saeklesio krebis aRweras, romlidanac marTlac aSkarad Cans, rom
qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs TviTon irCevda adgilobrivi saeklesio kreba
ucxo qveynis, anda eklesiis mxridan yovelgvari Zaldatanebis, anda nebis
gareSe da igi ueWvelad avtokefaluri iyo.
7. Rrtilas saeklesio kreba (daaxl. 1046 w.)
msoflio eklesiaSi sarwmunoebrivi kamaTi monofizitebTan qalkedonitTa
gamarjvebiT damTavrda VI-VII saukuneebSi. bizantiis imperiis gareT ki es dava
kidev didxans gagrZelda. saqme is iyo, rom monofizitoba Tavis erovnul
sarwmunoebad gamoacxada VIII s-is dasawyisSi somxeTSi Semdgarma saeklesio
krebam. es sarwmunoeba erovnulad gadaiqca aRmosavleTis zogierTi
xalxisaTvis siriasa Tu egvipteSi. saqarTvelo, romelic imyofeboda mijnaze
qalkedonitur
bizantiasa
da
monofizitur
somxeTs
Soris,
marad
marTlmadideblobis erTgul damcvelad miiCneoda. amitom sarwmunoebrivi
debatebi da kamaTi qarTvel da somex sasuliero Tu saeklesio pirTa Soris
saukuneTa manZilze grZeldeboda, vidre TiTqmis XIX-XX saukuneebamde. saqme
is iyo, rom somxuri eklesia garkveul istoriul etapebze axerxebda
moepovebina romelime mZlavri mezobeli imperiis mxardaWera, romlis
meoxebiT axerxebda saqarTvelos romelime kuTxis Tavis iurisdiqciaSi
moqcevas da mkvidri qarTuli mosaxleobis Tavis samwysod gadaqcevas.
aseTi xerxiT somxurma eklesiam tao da misi mimdebare qarTuli mxareebi
Tavis iurisdiqciaSi moaqcia, vidre VIII saukunemde. ufro adre ki, kerZod VI
s-Si, qvemo qarTli, anu `gugarqi~, kirion kaTalikosamde. msgavsadve, samxreT
saqarTvelos somxeTis mezoblad mdebare sxva mxareebSic cxovrobdnen
somxuri eklesiis wevri qarTvelebi. samwysosaTvis Widilis dros erTmaneTs
xvdebodnen qarTveli da somexi sasuliero pirebi, isini Sekrebebze sajaro
paeqrobisas arCevdnen sarwmunoebriv sakiTxebs.
erTi aseTi kreba Sedga sofel RrtilasTan, javaxeTSi. bagratis (975-1014)
dros, Tumca zogierTi mkvlevari miiCnevs, rom Rrtilas saeklesio kreba
Catarda 1046 wels bagrat IV-is dros. mefes, javaxeTSi yofnisas, mouwvevia
samxedro-samoqalaqo kreba, am dros masTan `Cveulebisaebr~ misula javaxeTis
mosazRvre
provinciidan
`didi
moZRvari
somxeTisai~
sosTeni.
igi
monofizituri sarwmunoebis Rrmad mcodne yofila `friad mecnier werilTa

da sarwmunoebisa~. miqel sabininis Tanaxmad, sosTeni yofila marmaSenis

somxuri monastris winamZRvari (es monasteri mdebareobs amJamindeli
leninakanis raionSi). rogorc iTqva, igi `Cveulebisaebr movida bagrat mefisa
da iwyo zuaobiT da ampartavnobiT qebad sjulisa Tvisisa~181.
im droisaTvis saqarTvelos samxreT-dasavleTi nawili, kerZod, tao,
klarjeTi da aboci (taSiri) warmoadgenda somxuri eklesiis dainteresebis
sferos. somxeTi didad gaZlierda IX-X saukuneebSi, aseT viTarebaSi uTuod
saWiroebas warmoadgenda samxreT saqarTvelos mosaxleobis darwmuneba
qalkedonituri
sarwmunoebis
sisworeSi,
somxuri
eklesiis
aramarTlmadidebluri saxis warmoCena, miT umetes, rom somexi `sarwmunoebis
wanamZRvrebi~ msgavsi ampartavnobiTa da TavxedobiT cdilobdnen TavianTi
sjulis dacvas, nacvlad ki gmobdnen da aZagebdnen `sarwmunoebasa Cuensa~.
RrtilaSi mefesTan erTad yofilan wurwyabeli episkoposi gvarad
miqelaZe, yveleli episkoposi sanano, grigol abuseriZe, SesaZloa tbeli,
gabriel ukis Ze. am mRvdelmTavrebma da sjulismcodneebma ar icodnen
monofizituri dogmatika, amitomac sakadrisi pasuxi ver gasces sosTens, `ver
wina aRudges umecrebisaTvis wignTa maTTasa~182. amitomac moiwvies im dros
ierusalimidan samSobloSi Camosuli qarTveli beri efTvime grZeli, imJamad
myofi anCeli mTavarepiskoposis karze. igi mefesTan RrtilaSi Cavida anCel
episkoposTan erTad. `sjulis gamoZieba~ yofila mTavari mizani qarTveli da
somexi moweseebis Sexvedrisa. am `gamoZiebis~ Sedegs udidesi gamoZaxili unda
mohyoloda samxreT saqarTveloSi da, marTlac didi gavlena hqonda aqauri
mosaxleobis sarwmunoebriv simtkiceze. es iyo `gamoZieba saRmrTosa hjulisa
da marTlisa sarwmunoebisa
ganrCevad RvarZlisagan wualebaTasa~, msgavsi
kamaTis did mniSvnelobas miuTiTebs isic, rom, rogorc Cans, im dros samxreT
saqarTvelos qarTvelTa erTi mcire nawili jer kidev somxuri eklesiis
samwysos warmoadgenda, e.i. somexTa sarwmunoebas aRiarebda. aseTi yofila
TviT mefe bagrat III-is mwignobarTuxucesi efTvime. es qarTveli, sarwmunoebiT
monofiziti yofila, amitomac mas mematiane `Sinagamcems~, `Cveni sarwmunoebis
Sinagamcems~ uwodebs: _ `maSin iyo vinme mwignobarT uxucesi mefisa saxeliT
efTvime. igica Tanaziar borotisa mis wualebisa maTisa da Sinagan gamcemi
sarwmunoebisa
Cuenisa183.
sarwmunoebrivi
Tanamoziarobis
gamo
Cveni
sarwmunoebis `Sinagan gamcemi~, anu moRalate qarTveli misula sosTenTan da
`farulad yursa sosTenassa zraxvida~, e. i. farulad elaparakeboda
qarTvelTa mzadebis Sesaxeb. sosTenisa da efTvime grZelis saRvTismetyvelo
kamaTis dawyebisTanave gamoCnda qarTveli RvTismsaxuris upiratesoba.
sosTeni dacinviTa da ampartavnuli sizviadiT SeekiTxa efTvimes, Tu romeli
gziT mivida krebaze. qarTvelma berma upasuxa, rom igi movida upirvelesad
ierusalimidan, iakob mociqulis sasaydro qalaqidan, Semdeg antioqiidan da
romidan
petre
mociqulis
saydridan,
aleqsandriidan
wmida
markoz
maxareblis saydridan, konstantinopolidan ioane maxareblis sasaydro
qalaqidan. `amaT saydarTa sapatriaqoTagan moval da wmidaTa eqvsTa krebaTa
marTali aRsareba mimiRebies da mtkice da WeSmariti sarwmunoeba miswavies da
aw mosrul var, raTa vamxilo borotad madideblobasa Tqvensa~184.
msoflio eklesiis burjebi _ xuTi msoflio sapatriarqo ierusalimisa,
antioqiisa, romisa, aleqsandriisa, konstantinopolisa im droisaTvis
qalkedonituri iyo, e. i. qarTveli moZRvris sarwmunoeba efuZneboda msoflio

eklesiis swavlebas _ mrwamss, msoflio eklesiis avtoritets da msoflio

patriarqebis
Tanamorwmuneebad
dasaxva
gvagonebs
kirion
I
qarTlis
kaTalikosis pasuxs somexi kaTalikosisadmi. somexi istorikosebic movses
kalankatuaci da uxtanesi werdnen, rom berZnebma, `sadac ki maxarebeli iyo
dakrZaluli, iq sapatriarqo saydrebi daaarseso~, e.i. konstantinopolis
kaTedra sapatriarqo saydrad gamoacxades iq ioane maxareblis dakrZalvis
gamo, aseve aleqsandria markoz maxareblis gamo. mociqulTa naRvawi iyo
ierusalimi, antioqia da romi. Cans, sosTens marTlac hqonda Seswavlili
somxuri sasuliero xasiaTis wignebi, rogorc avtori aRniSnavs, radganac
msoflio
eklesiaSi
sapartiarqo
saydarTa
(kaTedraTa)
daarsebas
gamowvlilviT mimoixilavda imdroindeli somxuri saeklesio istoriografia
da mwerloba.
sosTenTan kamaTisas efTvime grZeli eyrdnoboda `eqvsi msoflio krebis~
kanonebs. rogorc cnobilia, somxuri eklesia cnobda mxolod pirvel sam
msoflio krebas da ar aRiarebda sxva krebebs qalkedonis IV krebis Semdeg
mowveulT. Rrtilas krebis droisaTvis (X s. bolo an XI s. pirveli naxevari)
msoflio eklesia aRiarebda ukve mowveuli Svidi krebis avtoritets, efTvimes
mier eqvsi krebis moixsenieba imiT unda yofiliyo gamowveuli, rom kanonikur
kodeqsSi marTlac Setanili iyo ara Svidi, aramed eqvsi krebis mier
gamotanili kanonebi, radgan V konstantinopolis (553 w.) da VI (681 w.)
msoflio krebebs saeklesio kanonebi ar gamoutaniaT, es xarvezi Seavso
konstantinopolis, e. w. trulis 691 wlis krebam 102 kanoniT. e. i. kanonebi
gamoitanes: 1. nikeis I msoflio krebam 325 wels (20 kanoni); 2.
konstantinopolis, 381 wlis II krebam (7 kanoni); 3. efesos 431 wlis III krebam
(8 kanoni); 4. qalkedonis 451 wlis IV krebam (30 kanoni); 5. trulis krebam 691
wels (102 kanoni); 6. nikeis 787 wlis VII krebam (22 kanoni). msoflio krebaTagan
kanonmdebeli iyo marTlac eqvsi saeklesio kreba. Cans, amitomac axsenebda
efTvime grZeli eqvs msoflio krebas da ara Svids. efTvime ambobs _
`...sapatriaqoTagan moval da wmidaTa eqvsTa krebaTa marTali aRsareba
mimiRebies~185. aq `aRsarebis~ qveS unda igulisxmebodes, rogorc aRiniSna,
krebaTa kanonebi. safiqrebelia, rom efTvimes ara mxolod codna SeuZenia am
kanonebisa, aramed Cans, aRniSnuli msoflio krebebis kanonebi, anu `aRsareba~
Targmnili saxiT Camoutania saqarTveloSi. yovel SemTxvevaSi, swored
Rrtilas krebis epoqaSi qarTvelebs didi interesi gamouCeniaT kanonikuri
mwerlobis mimarT da amitomac eqvTime mTawmindels Seudgenia `mcire
rjuliskanoni~. manamde X saukunis dasawyisSi, grigol oSkels uTargmnia
Txzulebebi grigol nazianzelisa, romelSic I da II msoflio krebaze
ganxilul sakiTxTa irgvliv iyo msjeloba. marTalia, es Txzuleba ufro
dogmatikur-polemikuri xasiaTisa yofila, vidre kanonikuri, magram Cans,
qarTvelebi IX-X saukuneebSi seriozulad iyvnen dainteresebuli kanonikiT,
radganac somxuri eklesiis Rrmad ganswavlul mecnierebTan uxdebodaT
kamaTi. eqvTime mTawmindels sagangebod Seudgenia qarTuli kanonikuri
krebuli, romelic Sedgenili yofila trulis 691 wlis kanonebisa da basili
didis kanonebis safuZvelze, romelsac damatebuli hqonia Cveni gansaxilveli
TemisaTvis saintereso kanonebi qarTul da somxur eklesiaTa Sesaxebac.
eqvTimes mier Sedgenili kanonikuri miTiTebani somxuri eklesiis Sesaxeb
uTuod didad gamoadgeboda qarTvel polemistebs somxuri eklesiis

moZRvrebTan kamaTisa da samwysos aRzrdis dros. yovel SemTxvevaSi, Rrtilas

krebis dros amgvari Txzulebis saWiroeba sagrZnobi gaxda, radganac,
miuxedavad qarTveli mRvdelmTavrebis RrtilaSi yofnisa, `vervin winaaRudga
mas~ (e. i. sosTens), maSin, roca igi `gamoZiebas hyofda winaSe mefisa
sjulisaTvis Cuenisa~186.
efTvime grZelma qarTvelTa sarwmunoebrivi aRmsareblobis marTebulobis
msoflio eklesiis avtoritetiT damtkicebis Semdeg, piriqiT Seutia sosTens
_ `Sen vina moxval ara uwyi, arginaiT da marmaSeniT moxuala da mogaqvs
wualeba nestorisa da severiosisa da petroz mkawvrelisa da ikadreb
yvedrebad ersa RvTisasa da wina ganwyobad wmidisa marTlisa sarwmunoebisa~1.
arginaSi im droisaTvis isxdnen somexi patriarqebi, xolo marmaSeni TviT
sosTenis monasteri iyo. ierusalimis, antioqiis, romis, aleqsandriis,
konstantinopolis avtoritets, cxadia, arginas avtoriteti ver Seedreboda.
nestori, severiosi da petroz mkawvreli iyvnen cnobili eresiarqebi. Tavis
droze arseni safarelis wyaros (romlis safuZvelzec dawerili iyo
Txzuleba
`ganyofisaTvis
somexTa
da
qarTvelTa~)
miaCnda,
rom
zemoaRniSnuli wvalebebisaken miidrika somxuri eklesia garkveul istoriul
periodebSi. efTvime grZelma mouTxro krebasa da sosTens istoria somxuri
eklesiisa, swored iseve, rogorc es gadmocemulia arsen safarelis
TxzulebaSi (rom IV krebamde somxuri eklesia iziarebda msoflio eklesiaSi
arsebul dogmatikas, IV s. bolos somxeTi sparseTma daipyro, somxebi
ganSordnen berZnebs, rom sparseTis Sahis xosros dros Sedga somxuri
eklesiis kreba dvinSi, romelmac abdiSo asuris meoxebiT miiRo iakobitTa
sarwmunoeba,
es
moxda
nerses
kaTalikosis
dros,
rom
grigol
ganmanaTlebelma ixila Cevneba somxuri eklesiis mwvaleblobaSi Caflobis
Sesaxeb da ase Semdeg). efTvime grZelma somxuri eklesiis istoriis
gadmocemisas
Tavis
wyarod
daasaxela
`patmonaTa~.
patimoToni,
anu
`patmonaTa~ warmoadgenda istoriuli xasiaTis Txzulebas, igi Seqmnili
yofila somex qalkedonistTa wreSi da warmoadgenda somxuri eklesiis
istorias, vidre VIII saukunemde187. es wigni qarTulad ZvelTaganve yofila
Targmnili, XVI saukunis mawyvereli episkoposi ioakimesaTvis safaris
monasterSi gadawerili erTi piri gamoaqveyna T. Jordaniam188. misi
ganxilvidan Cans, rom patimoToni gamouyenebia arsen safarels Tavis erT-erT
wyarod `ganyofisaTvis~ daweris dros. sosTens polemikisas gamouyenebia
agreTve somxuridan Targmnili Txzuleba `xilva grigol ganmanaTlebelisa~
da `Cveneba sahak kaTalikozisa~. am bolo CvenebebSi naTqvami yofila, rom
somexTagan marTlmadideblobis uaryofis Semdeg `aRmobrwyindes CrdiloT
mTavari igi didi uwyebiT tomisagan daviTisa da aRorZindes suliTa
RvTisaTa da ganarCios yoveli keTilad patmoTanisa Tquenisagan~189.
bagrationebi ebraelTa mefe-winaswarmetyvelis, daviTis STamomavlebad
miiCneodnen, e.i. daviTis tomisagan. CrdiloeTs saqarTvelos uwodebdnen IX-X
saukuneebSi,
e.i.
nawinaswarmetyvelebi
yofila,
rom
saqarTveloSi
aRmobrwyindebian daviTis tomisagan bagrationi mefeebi, romelnic gaarCeven
monofizit-qalkedonitTa
davas
marTlmadidebelTa
sasargeblod.
esaa
bagrationTa im qebis gagrZeleba, romelic qarTul eklesiaSi miRebuli iyo
jer kidev grigol xanZTelis droidan. sosTenTan kamaTisas eqvTime iyenebs
msoflio eklesiis didi maswavleblebis, aTanase didis, basili didis,

grigol RvTismetyvelis saxelebs, viTarca isini `wamebeno~. maTi Txzulebebi

am
berisaTvis
nacnobi
unda
yofiliyo.
efTvime,
ise
rogorc
marTlmadidebluri samyaro, aRSfoTebuli iyo `samwmidaobis~ galobaSi
sityvebis `mama, Ze da suliwmidis~ CarTviT, romliTac gamodioda, rom jvarze
yovladwmida sameba gaekra, rac mkrexelobaa. aRniSnuli sityvebi samwmidaobis
galobaSi CaurTavs V saukunis cnobil monofizit eresiarqs petre fulons,
anu petroz mkawvrels. efTvimes sityviT, igi antioqiis sapatriarqo taxtidan
samarTlianad CamougdiaT liturgiis dros, radganac yovladwmida qalwuli
mariami RvTismSoblad ar uRiarebia nestoris gavleniT (e.i. petre fuloni
ara mxolod monofizitobaSi imxileboda, aramed nestorianobaSic). sosTeni
didad aqebda mas, efTvime ki somexTa maswavleblad warmoadgenda. es petre
(fuloni, anu mkawvreli) antioqiis taxtidan Camogdebis Semdeg misula
somxeTSi _ `mivida ra queyanad Tquenda, aRavso borotiTa wvalebiTa da
Seacduna eri igi uswavleli~191. petre mkawvrels qarTlSic moundomebia
Tavisi swavlebis gavrceleba, Semosula qarTlSi, sadac mas daxvedria
qarTlis mTavarepiskoposi miqaeli, romelmac `qviTa gantvina igi~. petre
mkawvreli qarTlSi CauqolavT: `netarman miqail da krebulman misman
saRmrToman, ukeTuri igi daqoles~192. Rrtilas krebaSi Zleuli da
Sercxvenili sosTeni wavida somxeTSi da daubrunda Tavis monasters. krebaze
damswre mefem da mRvdelmTavrebma efTvime grZels saTanado pativi miages, mis
paeqrobaSi gamarjvebas didi mniSvneloba hqonia, is `iqmna Zegl marTlisa
sarwmunoebisa~192.
Zvel saqarTveloSi gansakuTrebuli siZulviliT sZuldaT petroz
mkawvreli, viTarca wvalebis fuZemdebeli da
warmwymedeli msoflio
qristianTa erTi nawilisa. marTlmadideblobis medgar damcvelT saamayod
miaCndaT, rom petre saqarTveloSi Caqoles sarwmunoebisaTvis moSurne
qarTvelebma. Taobebs sarwmunoebrivi moSurneobis Tvalxilul Zeglad
miaCndaT is adgili qvemo qarTlSi, sadac aRmarTuli iyo qvebis grova,
romlis ZirSic petre mkawvrelis Caqolili gvami egdo. amitomac unda iTqvas,
rom albaT es momenti ar iqna gaTvaliswinebuli, roca XX saukunis
qarTvelma mkvlevarebma gamoacxades, rom TiTqosda qarTulma eklesiam V
saukuneSi avtokefalia miiRo petre fulonis (mkawvrelis) xeliT, TiTqosda
manve akurTxa pirveli qarTveli kaTalikosi petre. aseTi Tvalsazrisi
saerTod ar eTanadeba ZvelqarTuli istoriografiis monacemebs. kerZod,
qarTlis kaTalikosi petre ierarqi gaxda mTavarepiskopos miqaelis Semdeg. am
mTavarepiskopos miqaels ki Cauqolavs petre fuloni, maSasadame, maSin, roca
petre qarTlis kaTalikosi antioqiidan movida qarTlSi, petre fuloni
Camogdebuli yofila taxtidan, da araTu Camogdebuli, aramed ukve mkvdaric
yofila. Tu TviTon petre mkawvreli ar miiRes qarTlSi, mis mier nakurTx
kaTalikozs miiRebdnen?! movusminoT wyaros: `movida zvavi igi kangarasa da
mouwoda netars miqels kaTalikozsa qarTlisasa, raTa anu sjulsa missa
eziarnen anu urC eqmnas saydrisagan ganiyvanon. xolo SeWura miqel sulman
wmidaman... warmovida mcxeTiT mis queSeTa episkoposTa da mRudelTa Tana da
erisa morwmunisa da moiwivnes queyanasa kangarisasa... movida miqel
kaTalikozi da Tayuanisca winaSe saydarsa mis petros mkawvrelisasa...
STamozidna Zlierad da STamoiTria qveyanad daakueTa da dasca qviTa miT,
romel aqunda qudsa Sina missa da gantvina... maSin yovelTa misTana myofTa

episkoposTa da moyuasTa misTa dakribes mis zeda qva da Seeracxa maT

simarTled kacis kvla igi~193.
aqedan Cans, rom 1. ZvelqarTuli saeklesio tradiciiT, qarTlis pirvel
kaTalikos petremde qarTul eklesiaSi iyo ara mxolod erTi episkoposi,
aramed episkoposTa simravle; 2. kaTalikosi qarTuli eklesiisa petre ar iyo
nakurTxi antioqiis patriarq petre fulonis (mkawvrelis) mier. sabolood
unda iTqvas, rom Rrtilas krebas mTel saqarTveloSi saukuneTa manZilze
hqonia didi gamoZaxili.
8. antioqiis II saeklesio kreba (1056-1057 w.w.)
(qarTuli eklesiis uflebaTa dadastureba)
wmida mama giorgi mTawmideli qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalias uwodebda
`didsa da maRal saqmes~, romlis xelyofis ufleba aravis hqonda msoflioSi,
Tundac wmida mociqul petres taxtze mjdom antioqiis patriarqsac ki.
msoflioSi arsebobs erTi sayovelTao eklesia, romlis Tavia ufali ieso
qriste, raTa aRsruldes wmida werilSi gacxadebuli uflis neba - `erT
mwyems da erT samwyso~. es erTiani eklesia WeSmariti rwmenis, anu
marTlmadideblobis mcvelia, amitomacaa nabrZanebi sarwmunoebis simboloSi
_ `mrwams erTi wmida, kaTolike (e.i. sayovelTao) da samociqulo eklesia~. es
suliT erTiani eklesia ar imarTeba raime saerTo-sayovelTao centris mier.
Tavisufali administraciuli mmarTvelobis neba miniWebuli aqvs sxvadasxva
avtokefalur saeklesio erTeuls wmida mociqulTa droidan. pirveli
avtokefaluri eklesiebi daaarses wmida mociqulebma, avtokefaluri imdenad,
ramdenadac saeklesio Temi, romelsac episkoposebi hyavda, administraciulad
ar emorCileboda sxvas, romelime meores. eklesiis mmarTvelobis es wesi
gadmocemulia mociqulTa kanonebis 34-e muxlSi: `yvela eris episkoposebma
unda icodnen maT Soris pirveli da Tavi episkoposi da araferi zedmeti ar
unda gaakeTon mis gareSe, aramed yoveli maTgani mxolod imas unda akeTebdes
rac
sasargebloa
misi
eklesiisaTvis
da
misTvis
daqvemdebarebuli
soflebisaTvis. magram nurc pirveli episkoposi nu gaakeTebs nurafers
sxvebTan SeTanxmebis gareSe, vinaidan mxolod ase SeiZleba aResrulos
erTianoba da ididos RmerTi uflis mier suliwmidiT~194.
mociqulTa dros da maT Semdeg qristianoba ar warmoadgenda saxelmwifo
sarwmunoebas, amitom saeklesio TavisTavadobis, anu avtokefaliis are
isazRvreboda `eriT~, anu `naTesaviT~. e.i. episkoposis xelisufleba
vrceldeboda eTnikur jgufebze, xalxebsa da erebze. mociqulTa 34-e
kanonidan Cans, rom eris, anu `naTesavis episkoposi~ Tavis moqmedebisaTvis
Tanxmobas iRebs ara sxva, romelime ucxo an mezobeli `eris~ episkoposisagan,
aramed Tavis eris SigniT moRvawe episkoposebisagan. aqedan Cans, rom `eris~,
anu `naTesavis~ mTavari episkoposebi avtokefalurebi iyvnen.
rogorc
cnobilia,
Tavdapirvelad
qristianoba
gavrcelda
romis
imperiaSi. am imperiaSi administraciuli mmarTvelobis erTeuls warmoadgenda
provincia,
romlis
sazRvrebi
xSirad
emTxveoda
dapyrobili
an
damorCilebuli xalxis eTnikuri gansaxlebis sazRvars. provincia xSirad
erovnuli erTeuli iyo. amitomac zogierTi kanonisti Tvlis, rom mociqulTa
34-e kanonSi `eris~, anu `naTesavis~ qveS igulisxmeba provincia. maSasadame, am
kanonis Sesabamisad, TiToeul romaul provinciaSi episkoposebi unda

daqvemdebarebodnen
TavianTi
provinciis
mTavar
episkoposs,
romelic
avtokefaluri iyo. zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, cnobili kanonistebis
Tanaxmad, romis imperiaSi IV s-is dasawyisisaTvis yoveli provincia
avtokefaluri iyo, anu imperiaSi arsebobda imdeni avtokefaluri eklesia,
ramdeni provinciac iyo. imperiaSi iyo 100-ze meti provincia, e.i. IV s.
dasawyisisaTvis mxolod imperiaSi 100-ze meti avtokefaluri eklesia iyo195.
`erovnul-eTnikur niadagze Seqmnili saepiskoposoebis arseboba cno 314
wels ankiraSi gamarTulma adgilobrivma saeklesio krebam. am krebis me-18
kanoniT,
zemoT
dasaxelebuli
saepiskoposoebi
Tanasaworad
da
damoukideblad gamocxadda. es dadgenileba daadastura nikeis msoflio
saeklesio krebis me-4, me-5 da antioqiis adgilobrivi saeklesio krebis (344 w.)
me-9, me-14, me-15, me-19 da me-20 kanonma196, magram saqme is iyo, rom bizantiis
imperiis farglebSi Semavali erovnuli eklesiebis saepiskoposoebidan yvela
ver axerxebda damoukideblobis SenarCunebas, maT ar Sveloda dasaxelebul
krebaTa dadgenilebani Tavi damoukideblad egrZnoT. imperiis farglebSi
moqceul eklesiaTa Soris adridanve damyarda urTierToba, romelic
dafuZnebuli iyo ama Tu im eklesiis SedarebiT siZliereze da am qalaqTa
politikur
mniSvnelobaze,
saerTod
ki
qristianTaTvis
am
qalaqis
197
qristianuli Temis saerTo eklesiur avtoritetze~ .
romis imperiaSi qristianobis saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad gamocxadebisas
imperia dayofili iyo oTx umTavres administraciul erTeulad, romelSic
Sediodnen
ufro
mcire
administraciuli
erTeulebi
diocezebi,
es
ukanasknelni ki Sedgebodnen provinciebisagan, Cveni gansaxilveli droisaTvis.
dioklitianes Semdeg imperia oTx nawilad iyo dayofili (tetrarqati),
romelsac marTavdnen ori imperatori (avgustusi) da ori keisari. wmida
imperatorma konstantine I-ma SeinarCuna saxelmwifo teritoriis dayofa 4
prefeqturad, romelTagan TiToeuli 12 diocezad iyofoda.
eklesia
sasurvelad
miiCnevda
saeklesio
iurisdiqciis
sazRvari
damTxveoda saxelmwifo administraciuls, imis Semdeg, rac qristianoba
saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadda, es daadastura Semdgom Semdgarma IV
msoflio krebamac. magram, meore mxriv, qristianobis saxelmwifoebriv rangze
ayvanam
gaaZliera
dedaqalaqebSi
msxdomi
episkoposebis
avtoriteti,
gaafarTova maTi gavlenis sferoebi, dedaqalaqSi imperatorTan sxvadasxva
mniSvnelovani sakiTxis gadasaWrelad, saCivriT Tu TxovniT misuli
provincieli episkoposebis sakiTxis gadaWras imperatori avalebda dedaqalaqis episkoposs, e.i. episkoposebi ukve Tanasworni aRar iyvnen. erTi
daemorCila meores. uzomod gaizarda romis episkoposis avtoriteti,
aRmosavleTSi imperatorTa da keisarTa sajdomi qalaqebis _ aleqsandriisa
da antioqiis eklesiaTa meTaurebis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi gafarTovda
mezobel provinciaTa eklesiebis gavlenis sferoebis xarjze. me-3 msoflio
krebam Tavisi yuradReba miapyro am sakiTxs. moiTxova procesis SeCereba,
uwoda mas eparqiaTa mtacebloba, mamaTa kanonebis darRveva, e.i. CaTvala
Tavdapirveli eklesiisaTvis ucnob praqtikad, saeklesio wesTa SeSlad.
431 wels Semdgar III msoflio eklesiis krebas saCivriT mimarTa
kviproselma episkoposma. am krebis me-8 muxli aseTia: `kviproselma
episkoposebma (riginosi, zinoni da evagre) efesis krebas warudgines sityvieri
da werilobiTi saCivari imis Sesaxeb, rom antioqiis episkoposi moqmedebda

saeklesio wesTa da wmida mamaTa kanonis sawinaaRmdegod, rodesac bedavda

kviprosze xeldasxmas. krebis ganCinebis Tanaxmad, kviprosel episkoposebs
saeklesio kanonebisamebr TviT unda hqondeT Tavisive episkoposebis
xeldasxmis ufleba. es wesi Seucvlelad daculi unda iyos sxva
gansagebelTa (olqTa) da eparqiaTa mimarTac. nurc erTi episkoposi nu
miitacebs sxva eparqias, romelic Tavidanve da ZvelTaganve ar emorCileboda
mas da ar iyo mis winamorbed saydrismpyrobelTa gamgeblobis qveS, xolo Tu
vinme miitacebs da daimorCilebs sxvis eparqias iZulebiT, ganTavisuflebuli
unda iyos igi, raTa ar dairRves mamaTa kanoni da mRvdelmTavrebSi Tavi ar
iCinos saero mTavrobismoyvareobis ampartavnebam da medidurobam. wmida
msoflio krebam daadgina agreTve, rom TiToeulma eparqiam wmidad unda
daicvas Zveli Cveuleba da wesi. TiToeulma mitropolitma unda waiRos am
kanonis asli Tavisi simtkicisaTvis. Tu vinme am dadgenilebis sawinaaRmdego
wess Seasrulebs, msoflio kreba mas daumtkiceblad CaTvlis da mas ar eqneba
Zala~198.
romis imperiis aRmosavleTis dedaqalaqi konstantinopolis daarsebamde
iyo antioqia, Sesabamisad, misi episkoposis gavlenis sfero TandaTanobiT
farTovdeboda. igi iWreboda iqamde avtokefaluri eklesiebis sazRvrebSi,
akurTxebda iq axal episkoposebs, ganagebda maT Tavisi Sexedulebis
Sesabamisad, magram, rogorc aRiniSna, msgavsi qmedeba dagmo III msoflio
krebam da saeklesio wesebis, mamaTa kanonebis uxeS darRvevad miiCnia. 330
wels
akurTxes romis
imperiis
axali
dedaqalaqi
konstantinopoli.
konstantinopolis episkoposis avtoriteti, viTarca dedaqalaqeli ierarqisa,
TandaTanobiT gaizarda, man mkveTrad SezRuda antioqieli patriarqis
gavlenis sfero.
romis imperiis gayofis Semdeg, 395 wlidan bizantiis imperiis dedaqalaqis
episkoposi _ konstantinopolis patriarqi, faqtobrivad, Tavis gavlenas
avrcelebda mezobel, iqamde avtokefalur Trakiis, asiisa da pontos
diocezTa eklesiebze. am eklesiaTa episkoposebi imperiis axal dedaqalaqSi
midiodnen imperatoris karze TavianTi sakiTxebis gadasaWrelad. imperatori
ki maTi saqmeebis ganxilvas avalebda dedaqalaqis patriarqs. IV msoflio
qalkedonis krebam es ukve arsebuli praqtika iuridiulad gaaforma me-9, me-17
da 28-e kanonebiT. 451 wlidan, mas Semdeg rac pontos, asiisa da Trakiis
eklesiebi daumorCiles konstantinopolis saydars, TandaTanobiT iwyo
Semcireba romis imperiaSi arsebuli avtokefaluri eklesiebis ricxvma, ise
rom, rogorc kanonistebi (a. kartaSevi da sxvebi) miiCneven VI s-is
dasawyisisaTvis, romis imperiaSi mxolod eqvsi avtokefaluri eklesiaRa
arsebobda: 1. romis, 2. konstantinopolis, 3. aleqsandriis, 4. antioqiis, 5.
ierusalimis, 6. kviprosis. ase rom, imperiaSi arsebuli 100-ze meti eklesiidan
200 wlis Semdeg mxolod 6 avtokefaluri eklesia darCa. es eklesiebic
erTiani, erTi saxelmwifos eklesiebi iyvnen _ nawilni erTiani bizantiuri
eklesiisa. es asec unda yofiliyo saeklesio wesebis Tanaxmad, radganac erT
saxelmwifoSi erTi eklesia unda yofiliyo. magram bizantiis imperiis gareT
arsebobdnen sxva avtokefaluri eklesiebic. maT Sesaxeb miuTiTebda II
msoflio krebis me-2 kanonis komentirebisas kanonisti balsamoni. II krebis me2 kanoni aseTia: `eklesiaTa keTilad gangebisa da mSvidobisaTvis arc erT
episkoposs ara aqvs ufleba gascdes Tavisi eklesiis sazRvrebs da SeiWras

sxva eklesiis sazRvrebSi, raTa ar moaxdinos eklesiebis aRreva. kanonTa

Tanaxmad, aleqsandriis episkoposi unda ganagebdes mxolod egviptis
eklesiebs, aRmosavleTis episkoposni unda ganagebdnen mxolod aRmosavleTis
eklesiebs. daculi unda iyos nikeis kanonebiT dawesebuli pativi antioqiis
eklesiisa. asiis soflebis episkoposni unda ganagebdnen mxolod asiis
eklesiebs, pontoeli episkoposni unda marTavdnen mxolod pontos eklesiebs,
xolo Trakiis episkoposni _ mxolod Trakiis eklesiebs~199.
maSasadame, 381 wlisaTvis II msoflio krebam aRmosavleTSi CamoTvala
Semdegi avtokefaluri eklesiebi: aleqsandriisa, antioqiisa, asiisa, pontosi,
Trakiisa. imperiaSi, cxadia, iyvnen sxva avtokefaluri eklesiebi, xolo
imperiis gareT II msoflio krebis II kanonis komentarebisas XII s.-is
patriarqma balsamonma daasaxela sxva avtokefaluri eklesiebi: ~nu
gaikvirveb, Tu sxva eklesiebsac ipovi avtokefalurad, rogorc magaliTad,
eklesiebs bulgareTisa, kviprosisa da iberiis eklesiebs. bulgareTis
episkoposi pativSi aiyvana iustiniane mefem, waikiTxe misi 131-e novela...
kviprosis arqiepiskoposi pativSi aiyvana mesame msoflio krebam, xolo
iberiis arqiepiskoposi pativSi aiyvana antioqiis krebis dadgenilebam, amboben
maSin, rodesac RvTaebrivi qalaqis didi antioqiis uwmides patriarqad iyo
ufali petre, gamotanil iqna krebis dadgenileba, rom iqnes Tavisufali da
avtokefaluri eklesia iberiisa, romelic maSin eqvemdebareboda antioqiis
patriarqs~200.
antioqieli sasuliero moRvaweebi saukuneTa manZilze eswrafodnen
rogorme warmoeCinaT antioqiis eklesiis Zveli dideba, misi iurisdiqciis
gavrceleba. konstantinopolma, rogorc viciT, Seamcira am eklesiis gavlenis
sfero, amitomac antioqielTa Semdegi Taobebi cdilobdnen sazRvrebis rac
SeiZleba farTo Cvenebebs, zogjer araswori cnobebis mowodebiTac. amis
TvalsaCino magaliTia balsamonis zemoT moyvanili cnobac, magaliTad,
kviprosis eklesiasTan dakavSirebiT. balsamoni wers, rom `kviprosis
episkoposi pativSi aiyvana mesame msoflio krebam~, e.i. mianiWa avtokefalia
kvipross, magram Cven viciT III msoflio krebis me-8 kanonidan, rom kviprosis
eklesias am msoflio krebam avtokefalia ki ar mianiWa, aramed piriqiT,
daadastura am eklesiis Zveli avtokefalia, e.i. daicva igi antioqiis eklesiis
`mtaceblobisagan~. maSasadame, roca balsamoni wers, rom krebam `pativSi
aiyvana~ romelime eklesiis arqiepiskoposi, sinamdvileSi igulisxmeba ukve
arsebuli avtokefaliis dadastureba am krebis mier. am kuTxiT Tu SevxedavT
balsamonis cnobebs iberiis eklesiasTan dakavSirebiT, SeiZleba vigulisxmoT,
rom misi cnoba `iberiis arqiepiskoposi pativSi aiyvana antioqiis krebis
dadgenilebam~, sinamdvileSi niSnavs `iberiis eklesiis Zveli avtokefalia
daadastura antioqiis krebis dadgenilebam~, aseTi varaudis uflebas iZleva,
rogorc aRiniSna, kviprosis eklesiis avtokefaliis balsamoniseuli gageba.
II msoflio krebis meore kanoni Seexeboda IV saukunis miwurulisaTvis
arsebul sxvadasxva avtokefalur eklesias da icavda maT. rogorc zemoT iyo
aRniSnuli, droTa viTarebaSi mravali avtokefaluri eklesia gauqmda,
amitomac am kanonis komentirebisas balsamoni Seaxsenebs mkiTxvels, rom
saerTod arseboba sxvadasxva avtokefaluri eklesiisa kanonieria da ar aris
saeklesio wesebis darRveva. saqme is iyo, rom ukve VI saukunis Semdgom
bizantiaSi warmoiSva e.w. pentarqiis Teoria, romlis mixedviTac TiTqosda

kanonieri iyo mxolod 5 sapatriarqos (e.i. avtokefaluri eklesiis) arseboba:

romis, konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiis, ierusalimis. am TeoriiT
izrdebodnen Taobebi, swored maT Seaxsenebda da aswavlida kanonebis mcodne
Teodore balsamoni, rom zemoaRniSnulTa garda SeiZleba kidev arsebobdes
sxva avtokefaluri eklesiebic, rom maT arsebobas akanonebdnen msoflio
saeklesio krebebi. amasve adasturebda balsamonis dros arsebuli saeklesio
praqtikac, roca namdvilad arsebobda avtokefaluri eklesiebi bulgareTisa,
kviprosisa da iberiisa. maSasadame, balsamonisaTvis mTavaria ara is, Tu
romelma eklesiam rodis miiRo avtokefalia, aramed mtkiceba imisa, rom
zemoaRniSnul 5 sapatriarqos garda, msoflioSi SeiZleba iyvnen kidev sxva
avtokefaluri eklesiebi da maTi arseboba ar aris saeklesio kanonebis
darRveva. balsamoni cdilobs Tavisi drois Sexeduleba pentarqiis Sesaxeb
Secvalos Zveli msoflio saeklesio krebebis kanonebis komentarebiT. aqedan
gamomdinare,
iberiis,
kviprosisa
da
bulgareTis
eklesiebis
mier
avtokefalurobis miReba-damtkicebis wlebi balsamonisaTvis mTavari ar aris.
mTavaria maTi avtokefaliis arsebobis faqti, amitomac kviprosis eklesiis
avtokefaliis sakiTxi Taviseburad warmoadgina, xolo iberiis eklesiis mier
avtokefaliis miRebis Sesaxeb yurmokruli ambavi mogvawoda `amboben, rom ...
wers igi, _ maSin, roca antioqiis patriarqi iyo ufali petre, gamotanil iqna
krebis dadgenileba, rom iqnes Tavisufali da avtokefaluri eklesiebi
iberiisa, romelic maSin eqvemdebareobda antioqiis patriarqs~ _ e.i. `iberiis
arqiepiskoposi pativSi aiyvana antioqiis krebis dadgenilebam~. rogorc
aRvniSneT, aseve werda balsamoni kviprosis eklesiis Sesaxebac _ `kviprosis
arqiepiskoposi pativSi aiyvana mesame msoflio krebam~, sinamdvileSi ki
kviprosis eklesia avtokefaluri iyo I-II saukuneebidan, mociqulTa droidan.
TviTon erT-erTma mociqulma iqadaga kviprosSi da daafuZna iq eklesia,
yoveli eklesia (saepiskoposo) ki II-III saukuneebSi avtokefaluri unda
yofiliyo, Tu raime gansakuTrebuli mizezis gamo ar hqonda avtokefalia
dakarguli. kviprosis eklesia, viTarca mociqulTa droidan daarsebuli,
avtokefaluri iyo saukuneTa manZilze, swored amitom mimarTes saCivriT III
msoflio krebas kviproselma episkoposebma, roca maT avtokefalias antioqiis
eklesia daemuqra. krebam daicva kviprosis avtokefalia.
msoflio eklesiisaTvis cnobili iyo, rom mociqulTa epoqaSi daarsebuli
eklesiebi Tavidanve avtokefalurni iyvnen, es codna arsebobda XI saukuneSic,
kerZod, roca antioqiis eklesiam pretenzia ganacxada qarTul eklesiis
mimarT. pretenzia aseTi iyo _ ar SeiZleba qarTuli eklesia iyos
avtokefaluri, radganac saqarTveloSi ar uqadagnia arc erT mociquls,
maSasadame, igi ar daarsebula mociqulTa epoqaSi, roca saerTod Camoyalibda
avtokefaliis safuZvlebi. XI saukuneSi antioqiis patriarqTan mividnen
dainteresebuli pirebi da moaxsenes: meufeo, iberiis eklesia amJamad
avtokefaluria, radganac iqauri episkoposebi ar eqvemdebarebian arc erT sxva
sapatriarqos, yovelgvar saeklesio wess TviTon adgenen da taxtze svamen
TavianT kaTalikoss da episkoposebs, aseTi qmedeba ki arakanonikuria,
radganac arc erT mociquls ar uqadagnia saqarTveloSi. amitomac umjobesia,
Cveni
mezobeli
iberia
antioqieli
patriarqis
samociqulo
saydars
201
daemorCilos . maSasadame, XI s-is bizantiaSic jer kidev axsovdaT msoflio
eklesiis Zveli wesi, roca mociqulTa epoqaSi daarsebuli eklesiebi

avtokefalurebi iyvnen. aseTad ki qarTuli eklesia ar miaCndaT. magram Tuki

damtkicdeboda, rom mociqulma saqarTveloSi iqadaga, maSin qarTuli
eklesiis avtokefalia kanonikurad CaiTvleboda. swored aseTi mizani hqonda
giorgi mTawmindels antioqiis sapatriarqo karze misvlisas - daemtkicebina,
rom saqarTveloSi mociqulma iqadaga. maSasadame, qarTuli eklesiis arsebuli
avtokefalia kanonikuria mociqulTa droidanve.
Cven mivuaxlovdiT gansaxilvel Temas _ `antioqiis II saeklesio krebas~.
saukuneTa manZilze antioqiaSi Catarda mravali saeklesio kreba, magram
CvenTvis sainteresoa is krebebi, romelnic Seexeboda qarTul eklesias.
pirveli aseTi kreba Catarebula VIII s.-Si, xolo meore 1056-1057 wlebSi. am
Sekrebis Sesaxeb cnoba daculia giorgi mTawmidelis SromebSi `cxovreba
giorgi mTawmidelisa~. aRniSnul wlebSi giorgi mTawmideli Sexvda antioqiis
patriarqebs petres da Teodosis. balsamonic `patriarq petres~ moixseniebs
Tavis cnobaSi, romelic zemoT mogaxseneT.
XI s-is pirvel naxevarSi daiZaba urTierToba bizantiasa da saqarTvelos
saxelmwifoTa da, aqedan gamomdinare, maT eklesiaTa Sorisac. sabednierod,
1054-1057 wlebSi mimdinareobda molaparakebebi saxelmwifoTa da eklesiaTa
meTaurebs Soris, romelic warmatebiT dagvirgvinda. am molaparakebaTa
nawils Seadgenda antioqiaSi mowveuli saeklesio Sekrebac1202.
bizantiasa da saqarTvelos Soris daZabuloba Semdegma garemoebam
warmoSva: X s-is bolosa da XI s-is dasawyisSi saqarTvelo gaerTianda, igi
iqca kavkasiaSi uZlieres saxelmwifod. Cveni mematianis gancxadebiT, man
moicva `yoveli kavkasia TviTmpyrobelobiT jiqeTidan vidre gurganamde~,
gaerTianebuli
saqarTvelos
mefe
Tavisi
siZlieris
gamo
bizantiis
imperatorisaTvis saSiSi gamxdara, `berZenTa mefeTa SiSi aqvnda amisi
yovladve~. berZenTa imperatori basili II bulgarTmmusvreli gaanawyena
saqarTvelos mefem bagrat III-is Zem giorgi I-ma, roca igi `SeiWra bizantiis
sazRvrebSi~, raTa daebrunebina bagrat kurapalatis memkvidreoba 1014-1016
wlebSi. sapasuxod bizantiam daiwyo didi omi saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg. 1021
wels TviT imperatori basili SemouZRva Tavis mravalricxovan armias
saqarTveloSi, qarTvelTa laSqari ramdenjerme damarcxda SemoWril mterTan
brZolisas. basili II-is Semdgomma imperatorma konstantine VII-m gaagrZela
saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg omi, TviTon mxedarTmTavrobda saqarTveloSi
mebrZol Tavis armias. qarTulma eklesiam mterTan brZolisas daiWira mkveTri
pozicia _ igi saTaveSi Caudga saerTo-saxalxo oms bizantielTa winaaRmdeg.
es ar iyo advilad gadasawyveti saqme, radganac imJamindeli SexedulebiT
bizantiis imperatorebi saRvTo madlis udidesi matareblebi iyvnen, bizantiis
imperia ki burji marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebisa. amitomac Tavdapirvelad
samxreT saqarTveloSi SemoWril mters qarTveli mosaxleobis erTi nawili
mtrulad ar daxvda, piriqiT, mis mxares gadavida, magram male qarTuli
eklesiis mowodebiT qarTveli xalxi gamofxizlda. qarTuli laSqris
damarcxebis Semdgom bizantielebTan oms saTaveSi Caudgnen qarTveli
episkoposebi saba mtbevari da ezra anCeli, aages cixesimagre, maT gverdSi
amoudga mosaxleoba. berZenTa uricxvi laSqari Semoudga cixes, magram
qarTveli episkoposebi `TavTa TvisTa sikvdilad ganwirvides da sisxlTa
dasTxevdes
sityvisebr
mociqulTasa~203.
qarTuli
eklesiis
msaxurTa
Tavdadebam da magaliTma gamoafxizla eri da sabolood bizantielebma ver

SeZles qarTvelTa mefis damarcxeba, saqarTvelo ar daiSala, risi imedic

mters hqonda.
bizantia-saqarTvelos omisas qarTuli eklesiis mkveTrma antibizantiurma
orientaciam ganarisxa ara mxolod bizantieli politikosebi, aramed
sasuliero pirebic. mTel bizantiis imperiaSi daiwyo qarTuli eklesiis
avtoritetis umagaliTo SebRalva, sastiki devna qarTveli sasuliero da
saero pirebisa. eWvi Seitanes qarTvelebis marTlmadideblobaSic ki, qarTvel
berebs devnidnen mTawmidaze _ iveronis monasterSi, Sav mTaze, saerTod
yvelgan, rogorc amas balkaneTSi arsebuli petriwonis qarTvelTa monastris
tipikoni, giorgi mTwamidelis Tu giorgi mcires mier gadmocemuli ambebi da
sxva wyaroebi miuTiTeben.
saubedurod, bizantia-saqarTvelos omi, marTalia, periodulad, magram
mainc gagrZelda XI s-is 50-ian wlebamde. bagrat IV-is, giorgi I-is Zis, dros
1029-1030 wlebSi zavi daido da omi droebiT Sewyda. Semdgom, marTalia,
bizantielebi ukve uSualod laSqriT aRar iWrebodnen saqarTveloSi, magram
samagierod afinansebdnen separatistebsa da qarTveli mefis moRalateebs,
umxedrebdnen did feodalebs. aseTi iyo baRuaSebis sagvareulo. liparit
baRuaSi ise gaaZlieres, rom XI s-is 50-ian wlebis dasawyisSi mis xelSi
aRmoCnda
aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos
yvela
didi
cixe
artanujidan
kldekaramde. mematianis cnobiT, bagrat IV-s mxolod dasavleT saqarTveloRa
darCa. bagrat IV iZulebuli gaxda Tavis dedasTan erTad, cnobil diplomat
da saeklesio moRvawe (sqimonazon) mariamTan erTad, samSvidobo zavis
dasadebad Casuliyo konstantinopolSi.
sabednierod, saerTaSoriso viTareba mkveTrad Seicvala saqarTvelos
sasargeblod, im mxriv, rom bizantiisaTvis saWiro Seiqna Zlieri saqarTvelos
arseboba. saqme isaa, rom ukve XI s-is dasawyisSi bizantiis aziuri
teritoriebis didi nawils brZolebiT xelSi iRebdnen Turq-seljukebi. 50iani wlebisaTvis ukve gamoikveTa, rom bizantias damoukideblad maTi
damarcxeba ar SeeZlo. 50-ian wlebSi bizantia daadga saqarTvelosTan
daaxloebis gzas, romelsac safuZveli daedo 1054-1057 wlebSi zemoaRniSnuli
sazavo molaparakebis dros. rogorc aRiniSna, saqarTvelos mefe bagrat IV da
dedamisi mariami qarTvel didebulebTan erTad Cavidnen konstantinopolSi da
xangrZlivi molaparakebebi hqondaT bizantiis umaRles xelisuflebTan. am
dros delegacias SeuerTda mTawmididan konstantinopolSi Casuli giorgi
mTawmidelic. qarTuli eklesiis mnaTobma da bizantiis eklesiis didma
avtoritetma
giorgi
mTawmidelma
bizantia-saqarTvelos
saeklesio
urTierTobaTa mogvarebis saqmeSi monawileoba miiRo, radganac iqamde
TiTqmis 30 wlis manZilze qarTuli eklesia bizantielTagan devnili da
Rirsebaayrili iyo. aseT mdgomareobas ki or marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa
Soris bolo unda moReboda: `berZnebma daiwyes yovelgvari Seviwroeba
qarTveli berebisa, surdaT maTi gamoZeveba aTonidan da agreTve sxva
qarTuli monastrebidan, romlebic saberZneTSi mdebareobda. am mizniT
berZnebma TavianTi Seteva aTonze jer kidev 1019-1021 wlebSi daiwyes, rodesac
monastris winamZRvrad giorgi I varazvaCe iyo... berZnebma jer iyo da `yoveli
mTa Tana-Seiwies~, xolo Semdeg `saberZneTis didebulni da palatisa
warCinebulni yovelni midriknes~, amas zed daerTo maT mier qarTvelTa
yoveldRiuri ginebani, yvedrebani da fizikuri Seuracxyofanic ki. ...
marTalia, am sastiki Semotevis dros qarTvelebma monasteri dainarCunes

berZenTa mitacebisagan ... svimeonis winamZRvrobis dros (1041-1042 w.w.)

Seadgines mosaxsenebeli, romelSic moxseniebulia mokled istoria aTonTa
iveriis monastrisa~204.
rogorc iTqva, qarTuli saeklesio moRvaweni mTel bizantiis imperiaSi
idevnebodnen. ase iyo Sav mTazedac, antioqiis sanaxebSi, `aTonze amtydari
brZolis gamoZaxilma Sav mTamdec miaRwia da iq myofi bizantieli berebic
ganimsWvalnen surviliT iqauri qarTuli monastrebidan misi kanonieri
memkvidreni da patronni gamoeZevebinaT. am mizniT svimeon wmidis monasterSi
qarTvelebs berZnebma ciliswameba dauwyes, rom isini ar arian `WeSmariti~
sarwmunoebis matarebelni, `mwvalebelTa~ jgufs ekuTvnian da ar icaven
marTlmadidebluri
eklesiis
wes-Cveulebebs.
berZnebma
`ganizraxes
gularZnilobiT, raTa wmidasa amas da marTalsa sarwmunoebasa Cuensa biwi
raime daswamon. da esreT sruliad aRmogvfxunes didebulisa amis lavrisa
pirvelTagan TviT wmidisa svimeonis mier damkvidrebulni~205.
qarTuli eklesiis winaaRmdeg bizantiuri saxelmwifos mier waqezebuli
berZen sasuliero pirTa brZolis gamoZaxilia grigol bakurianis Zis mier
petriwonis
monastrisaTvis
Sedgenili
tipikoni,
romlis
24-e
TavSi
vkiTxulobT: `vamcneb amasa da Sjul debiT davamtkiceb, raTa araodes iyos
monastersa Sina Cemsa mkvidrobiT berZeni xucesi, anu monazoni, romel arian
bunebiT mZlavrni da angaharni da xelovanni, meSinis Tu nuTu savnebeli da
dasaklebeli raime SeamTxvion monastersa ecadnen mamasaxlisobad xelyofiTa, anu sxvisa raisme mizezisa saxiTa Tavisda Seqmnad inebon monastrisa
romeli-ese mravalgzis gvixilavs maTgan qmnilad Cuenisa naTesavisa
umankoebisa da gul-martiobisagan. Tu ara, nebiTa RmrTisaTa WeSmaritisa
marTlmadideblobisa maTisa mimdgomni varT da aRmasrulebelni da mowafeni
maTni~206. berZnebi WeSmariti marTlmadidebelni arian, Cven maTi mowafeni da
mimdgomni varT. e.i. Cvenc SeWmariti marTlmadidebelni varT, magram berZnebi
bunebiT mZlavrni, angarebiani da borot saqmeebSi daxelovnebulni arian,
qarTvelebi ki bunebiT umankoni da gulmartivni varT, meSinia, rogorc es
saerTod sxvagan moxda, roca mravalgzis inebes berZnebma qarTveli berebis
TavianTi monastrebidan gamoyvana, aqac ise ar moxdes, amitom erTi berZeni
mwerlis garda, sxva berZnebi Cems monasterSi ar gaCerdneno. marTalia, am
tipikons xeli moewera XI saukunis 80-ian wlebSi, magram igi kargad asaxavs
bizantiis imperiaSi qarTvel saeklesio pirTa devnas TiTqmis mTeli saukunis
manZilze, gansakuTrebiT ki 20-50-ian wlebSi bizantia-saqarTvelos omis dros.
rogorc aRiniSna, qarTuli eklesiis saqmeTa dadebiTad gadaWra
warmoadgenda 1054-1057 wlebis molaparakebaTa mniSvnelovan moments q.
konstantinopolSi, saeklesio saqmeTa gadaWra SeuZlebeli iyo antioqiisa da
ierusalimis sapatriarqoTa gareSe. amitomac gadawyvetila antioqiasa da
ierusalimSi gamgzavrebuliyvnen giorgi mTawmideli da umaRlesi xelisufali
saqarTvelos saxelmwifosi mefe bagrat IV-is deda, cnobili diplomati
mariami. mgzavroba TviT bizantiis imperatoris mzrunvelobiT Sedga,
dedofals imperatorisagan miRebuli hqonda `brZaneba samefo Tavadisa Tana
da patriarqisa antioqiisa~. antioqiaSi mariam dedoflis Casvlamde gaemgzavra
giorgi mTawmideli imperatoris nebiTa da misi werilobiTi brZanebiT, igi
`wigniTa sameufoiTa Sav mTasa miiwia~1207.

man Seamzada mariam dedoflis Sexvedra antioqiis patriarqTan: `xolo

amisa Semdgomad mariam dedofali, deda bagrat mefisa, qalaqiT sameufoiT
qalaqad antioqiad movida, rameTu eguleboda warsvlad wmidad qalaqad
ierusalimed da aqunda brZaneba sameufeo Tavadisa Tana da patriarqisa
antioqiisasa, raiTa yovliTa didebiTa da pativiTa wargzavnon, xolo
patriarqman da mTavarman ganizraxes da gaigones TanazraxviTa mamisa
giorgisiTa, viTarmed `ara keTil ars, aRmosavlisa mefeTa deda raiTamca
sarkinozeTs warvida, vinaidan codviTa CuenTagan igini uflobdnen qveyanasa
mas~208.
antioqiis patriarqi im dros iyo petre III, romelsac, Cans, ixseniebda
zemomoyvanil cnobaSi balsamoni, mas Sexvdnen dedofali mariami da giorgi
mTawmideli, es iyo 1056 wels. rogorc iTqva, dedofals xelT hqonda brZaneba
imperatorisa, raTa mas Rirseulad Sexvedrodnen da Semdgom ierusalimSi
gaemgzavrebinaT. es brZaneba exeboda rogorc antioqiis patriarqs, ise
antioqiis bizantiel umaRles xelisufals, `Tavads~.
cnobili kreba, romelic gaimarTa antioqiis sapatriarqoSi patriarq
petres dros, romelsac albaT miuTiTebs T. balsamoni, Sedga swored 1056
wels dedofal mariamisa da giorgi mTawmidelis antioqiis patriarqTan
Sexvedrisas.
Teodore balsamoni aRniSnuli krebidan TiTqmis 140 wlis Semdeg, 1193
wels arCeul iqna antioqiis patriarqad, magram radganac antioqia im dros
kaTolike jvarosanTa xelSi iyo, amitomac balsamoni konstantinopolSi
moRvaweobda. jer kidev patriarqad arCevamde. man mogvca cnoba qarTuli
eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb. rogorc aRiniSna, am cnobebis dros misTvis
mTavari iyo emtkicebina sasuliero wreebisaTvis, rom msoflioSi xuTi didi
sapatriarqos garda, samarTlebrivad kidev SeiZleba arsebobdes sxva
avtokefaluri eklesiebic, radganac saerTod, xuTi uZvelesi sapatriarqos
garda sxva avtokefaluri adgilobrivi eklesiebis arseboba ukanonobad
miaCndaT. balsamonma daamtkica, rom avtokefaluri eklesiebis arseboba
kanonieria, rom mis kanonikur safuZvels warmoadgens II msoflio krebis
meore kanoni, sxva krebebis kanonebTan erTad. am mtkicebas balsamonma iqve
daurTo misTvis xelmisawvdomi Tu yurmokruli cnobebi eklesiebisaTvis
avtokefaliis miniWebaTa Sesaxeb. igi werda: `iberiis arqiepiskoposi pativSi
aiyvana antioqiis krebis dadgenilebam, amboben, rom maSin, rodesac RvTaebrivi
qalaqis didi antioqiis uwmides patriarqad iyo ufali petre, gamotanil iqna
krebis dadgenileba, rom iqnes Tavisufali da avtokefaluri eklesia
iberiisa, romelic maSin eqvemdebareboda antioqiis patriarqs~209.
am cnobidan Cans, rom balsamons qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb
werilobiTi wyaro, raime dokumenti xelT ar hqonia, magram man ueWvelad
icoda, rom qarTuli eklesia mis dros da iqamdec avtokefaluri iyo,
rogorc Cans, gamoukiTxavs da misTvis miuwodebiaT zepiri cnoba antioqiis
patriarq petres dros iberiis eklesiisaTvis krebis mier avtokefaliis
miniWebis Sesaxeb. maSasadame, faqtia is, rom balsamonis dros iberiis eklesia
avtokefaluria, magram werilobiTi dokumenti mas xelT ar hqonia.
aqedan gamomdinare, CvenTvis cnobilia Semdegi monacemebi: pirveli _
antioqiaSi 1056 wels marTlac Sexvdnen erTmaneTs cnobili diplomati
dedofali mariam, giorgi mTawmideli da antioqiis patriarqi petre III, meore

mxriv, balsamonic moixseniebs raRac krebas, romelic qarTuli eklesiis

sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT, antioqiaSi gaimarTa patriarq petres dros. Tu am
monacemebs davujerebT, agreTve imas, rom dedofal mariamis saqarTveloSi
gamgzavrebis Semdeg antioqiaSi patriarq petre III-sTan darCa giorgi
mTawmideli da maT xSiri saubrebi hqondaT `saeklesio wesebze~, anu
saeklesio sakiTxebze (giorgi mcires cnobiT), xolo am patriarqis
gardacvalebis Semdeg axal antioqiis patriarq TeodosisTan giorgi
mTawmindels marTlac hqonda saubari qarTuli eklesiis sakiTxebze, unda
vigulisxmoT, rom 1056-1057 wlebSi antioqiaSi marTlac gaimarTa Sekrebebi
qarTuli eklesiis sakiTxTa gadasaWrelad, da es sakiTxebi dadebiTad
gadaiWra.
rogorc aRiniSna, dedofali mariami apirebda ierusalimSi salocavad da,
albaT, saeklesio sakiTxTa gadasaWrelad gamgzavrebas, magram antioqiis
patriarqma es aRar CaTvala saWirod. ierusalimSi dedofalma gaagzavna
giorgi mTawmideli, romelmac yoveli saeklesio sakiTxi moagvara (amave dros
gadasca jvris monastris maSenebel mama proxores dedoflis didi Senawiri)
da ukanve dabrunda mariam dedofalTan antioqiis sapatriarqoSi.
saeklesio sakiTxTa keTilad mogvarebam `RvTismsaxuri igi dedofali
ganamxiarula~210. mariami iyo saeklesio moRvawe, monazoni da ara ubralo
monazoni, aramed `sqimonazoni~, e.i. umkacresi sulieri cxovrebiT moRvawe.
misi `ganmxiaruleba~ ar SeeZlo araviTar qveyniur sikeTes, mxolod
saeklesio saqmeTa mogvarebas SeeZlo misi `ganmxiaruleba~ da radganac
dedofali kmayofili dabrunda saqarTveloSi, unda vifiqroT, rom qarTulbizantiur saeklesio dapirispirebas dedoflis vizitiT ukve safuZveli
gamoecala; e.i. molaparakeba antioqiasa da ierusalimSi warmatebiT
dasrulda, aseve warmatebiT dasrulda bagrat IV-is molaparakebebi
konstantinopolSi 1054-1057 wlebSi, or saxelmwifos Soris urTierTobis
mogvarebas mtkice safuZveli Caeyara. danarCeni winaaRmdegobani amave dros
faqtobrivad TandaTanobiT unda mogvarebuliyo. amaT mosagvarebladac unda
darCeniliyo giorgi mTawmideli antioqiaSi.
1052-1056 wlebSi antioqieli patriarqi iyo petre III, romelTanac, rogorc
aRvniSneT, Sexvedra da saubari hqonda dedofal mariamsa da giorgi
mTawmidels. kerZod, patriarqma TavisTan miixmo giorgi mTawmideli da
`ezraxa saRmrToTa werilTagan mravalsaxed, pirvelad sarwmunoebisaTvis
marTlisa da kanonTaTvis saeklesioTa, da mere sulTa sargeblisaTvis,
saTnoebisaTvis da vnebaTa~211.
biografi aRniSnavs, rom saubari Seexo sxva sakiTxebTan erTad `saeklesio
kanonebs~. swored saeklesio kanonebis darRvevaSi debdnen brals qarTul
eklesias. kerZod, am dros XI s-is 50-ian wlebSi ukve gaerTianebuli iyo
qarTuli eklesia da mas oficialurad saqarTveloSi ukve uwodebdnen
`sapatriarqos~. pirveli patriarqi qarTuli eklesiisa iyo melqisedek I (10101033), romlis saxelsac ukavSirdeba saqarTvelos sapatriarqos daarseba.
zogierTi mecnieris azriT, antioqiis sapatriarqoSi Semdgari saubrebi,
Sexvedrebi Tu krebebi ganixilavda ara qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis
sakiTxs, aramed qarTuli eklesiis sapatriarqo Rirsebis cnobis sakiTxs.
petre III-is Semdeg taxtze avida axali patriarqi da igi Seexo qarTuli
eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxs, aman gaaoca giorgi mTawmideli. es iyo iseTi

`friad didi da maRali saqme~, romlisaTvis xelis Sevlebis ufleba ar

hqonda antioqiis patriarqs, aqedan Cans, rom petre III-is dros ar yofila
ganxiluli qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxi da amitom arc antioqiis
krebas SeeZlo mieniWebina qarTuli eklesiisaTvis avtokefalia 1056 wels,
radganac qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia im dros moiTvlida ara erT da or
saukunes. maS, ra sakiTxs ixilavden SexvedraTa dros? Cans, saqme Seexo
qarTuli eklesiis ukve arsebuli sapatriarqo Rirsebis berZnul eklesiaTagan
aRiarebis sakiTxs. qarTuli eklesiis istoriis mkvlevari Cveni Tanamedrove
berZeni mitropoliti maqsime qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliisadmi miZRvnil
Tavis wignSi wers: `mkvlevar korolevskis azriT, petre III-is dros qarTuli
eklesiis uflebaTa gansazRvris saWiroeba warmoSva iman, rom `saqarTvelos
erT-erTma kaTalikosma TviTneburad miikuTvna patriarqis pativi~212.
marTlac, SesaZloa petre III-sTan giorgi mTawmidelis saubris Tema
`saeklesio kanonebis~ ganxilvis dros Seexeboda saqarTvelos eklesiis
sapatriarqod aRiarebis sakiTxsac. es sakiTxi, Cans, dadebiTad gadaiWra,
radganac petre III da giorgi mTawmideli am saubrebis Semdeg gadaiqcnen
uguliTades megobrebad da patriarqi Tavis yvelaze mniSvnelovani wuTebis
Jams, giorgi mcires cnobiT, gverdidan ar iSorebda giorgi mTawmidels. petre
III-s saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia eWvqveS rom daeyenebina, giorgi
mTawmideli mas iseve ganurisxdeboda, rogorc patriarq Teodosis.
petre III-is Semdeg sapatriarqo saydari daiWira Teodosi III-m (1057-1059).
romelic Seexo qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxs, pasuxad ki miiRo
giorgi mTawmidelis damajerebeli cnoba Sezavebuli sakadrisi ironiiT.
iqamde ki berZenma berebma sxva brali dasdes qarTvelebs monofizituri
mwvalebloba.
gapatriarqebisTanave
dainteresebulma
pirebma
Teodosis
moaxsenes, rom TiTqosda Savi mTis svimeonwmidis monasterSi cxovrobs 60
beri, romlebic TavianT Tavs `qarTvelebs~ uwodeben, magram sinamdvileSi
`ara uwyiT Tu qarTvelni arian, anu somexni da verc xucesi maTi Jamsa wiravs
monastersa Sina Cuensa~213. patriarqi Seudga saqmis gamoZiebas. mas Seaxvedres
giorgi mTawmideli, romelTanac saubris Semdeg patriarqis yvela eWvi
gabaTilda.
patriarqTan Sexvedra kvlav Sedga 1057 wels. amjerad ukve axali
braldeba wamoayenes berZnebma qarTuli eklesiis winaaRmdeg `viTar ese
meufeo, romel eklesiani da mRvdelT-moZRvarni qarTlisani ara romlisa
patriarqsa xelmwifebasa queSe arian da yovelni saeklesioni wesni maT mier
ganegebian da TviT daismen kaTalikosTa da episkoposTa da ara samarTal ars
ese, rameTu aTormetTa mociqulTagani aravin misrul ars qveyanasa maTsa da
jer ars, raTa qalaqsa amas RmrTisasa da saydarsa mociqulTa Tavisasa
daemorCilon da amassa xelmwifebasa queSe iyvnen. rameTu naTesavi ars
umecari da samwysoi mcire da Cuenda maxlobelad arian da jer ars, raTa
xelmwifebasa
queSe
antioqieli
patriarqisasa
imwysebodian
da
aqa
214
ikurTxeodis kaTalikozi maTi da viyvneT Cuen erT samwyso da erT mwyems~ .
am moxsenebidan Cans Semdegi: 1. antioqielTa SexedulebiT, avtokefaluria
mxolod im qveynis eklesia, romelSic iqadaga qristes Tormet mociqulTagan
erT-erTma; 2. qarTuli eklesia XI s.-is 50-ian wlebSi, faqtobrivad,
avtokefaluria, radganac arc erT ucxoel patriarqs ar eqvemdebareba; 3.
saqarTveloSi yovelive saeklesio sakiTxi adgilzeve wydeba ucxoelTa

Caurevlad; 4. saqarTvelos kaTalikosis arCeva da saydarze dasma xdeba

adgilzeve ucxo eklesiis Caurevlad.
antioqielebs ki surT qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis SebRalva. Cans,
antioqiaSi petre III-sa da qarTuli delegaciis molaparakebaTa SedegebiT
ukmayofilo pirebs surdaT revanSi aeRoT axali patriarqis Teodosis dros
da gaeuqmebinaT miRweuli SeTanxmeba. amitomac es pirebi ar zogavdnen
saSualebas
qarTuli
eklesiis
winaaRmdeg.
jer
mas
brali
dasdes
mwvaleblobaSi, Semdeg ki saeklesio kanonebis darRvevaSi, radganac Tuki
saqarTveloSi ar uqadagia mociquls, mas ufleba ar hqonda avtokefaliisa.
igi kanonikuri TvalsazrisiT, aseT SemTxvevaSi, unda damorCileboda
mociqulTa mier daarsebul sxva romelime samociqulo eklesias. giorgi
mTawmidelma moiTxova wigni `mimosvla andrea mociqulisa~, romlidanac
Canda, rom andria pirvelwodebulma saqarTveloSi iqadaga. es ukve sakmarisi
iuridiuli safuZveli iyo qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia-TavisTavadobis
uflebisaTvis, e.i. am wignma srulebiT daakmayofila patriarqi Teodosi, igi
darwmunda qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis kanonierebaSi.
Cvens
istoriografiaSi
gamoTqmulia
mosazreba
TiTqosda
giorgi
mTawmidelma ver SeZlo qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis ganmamtkicebeli
berZnuli wyaroebis moZieba da man mxolod andrias saqarTveloSi qadageba
miuTiTa, rac sakmarisi ar iyoo. aseTi mosazreba arasworia, saqme isaa, rom
rogorc mravaljer aRiniSna, imJamindeli SexedulebiT avtokefalurad
miiCneoda mociqulTa mier daarsebuli eklesiebi. maSasadame, giorgi
mTawmidelis cnoba sruliad sakmao iyo. mas damatebiTi cnobebi ar
esaWiroeboda qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis samtkiceblad. am cnobiT
antioqiuri mxare rom dakmayofilda, Cans giorgi mTawmidelis SepasuxebiT
krebis monawileebisadmi: `wmidao meufeo, Sen ambob, rom mociqulTa Tavis
petres saydarze vzivaro, xolo Cven, qarTvelebi varT qristesTan petres
momwodeblis, andria pirvelwodebulis, samwyso, mis mier moqceulni da
ganaTlebulni. mis garda, Tormet mociqulTagan erT-erTi simon kananeli
Cvens qveyanaSi, afxazeTSi, kerZod ki nikofsiaSia dakrZaluli. am wmida
mociqulebis ganaTlebulebi varT da `vinaiTgan erTi RmerTi gvicnobies,
arRara uar-gviyofies da arc odes wvalebisa mimarT midrekil ars naTesavi
Cueni da yovelTa uaris myofelTa da mwvalebelTa SevaCvenebT da vswyevT.
amas safuZvelsa zeda marTlmadideblobisasa da mcnebaTa da qadagebaTa zeda
wmidaTa maT mociqulTasa mtkice varT. aw ukueTu jer-ars, dagvemorCileT...
Suenis esreT, raTa wodebuli igi mwodebelsa daemorCilos, rameTu petresi
jer ars, raTa daemorCilos mwodebelsa Tvissa da Zmasa andreas da raTa
Tqven Cuen dagvemorCilneT ...iyo Jami, romel yovelsa saberZneTsa Sina
marTlmadidebloba ara ipoeboda da ioane guTel episkoposi mcxeTas ikurTxa
episkoposad, viTarca sweria didsa svinaqsarsa~215.
am sityvam sruliad daakmayofila antioqiis patriarqi da iq Sekrebili
episkoposebi, ufro metic, Sexvedra dasrulda RimiliT: `ganiRima patriarqman
da hrqua mRvdelmoZRvarTa maT da ersa: `xedavTa bersa amas, viTar marto
esodensa simravlesa gverevis. vekrZalneT nuukue winaaRmdgomi SegvamTxvios
da ara xolo sityvai, aramed saqmiT gvimravlos Zleulebai Cueni da
dagvimrwemnes da dagvimremlnes~216.

mTawmidelma daamtkica, rom qarTuli eklesia dafuZnebulia andria

pirvelwodebulis mier. andriam Tavis droze mouwoda Tavis Zmas petres da
igi gadaaqcia qristes mowafed, amasTanave, andria iyo ufrosi Zma, romelsac
emorCileboda petre, amitomac Tuki kanonierebaze midga saqme, swored andrias
dafuZnebul saydars unda daemorCilos petres mier daarsebuli saydari,
antioqia saqarTvelos daemorCiloso. swored amitom gaiRima patriarqma da
uTxra
Tavis
episkoposebs,
moerideT,
TviTon
Cven
ar
gvaqcios
damorCilebulad, anu `mrwemebad~ da Tavis mrevlado _ `dagvimrwemnes da
dagvimremlnes~ (sityva `mrwemidanaa~ `umrwemesi~, misi antonimia `uxucesi~.
e.i. patara, damorCilebuli da udidesi, mmarTveli).
amiT antioqiaSi giorgi mTawmidelma srulebiT moagvara qarTuli
eklesiis saqme. 1054-1057 wlebis molaparakebani bizantia-saqarTvelos Soris
saxelmwifoebrivTan erTad ixilavda qarTuli eklesiis sakiTxsac da mas
Sedegad mohyva qarTuli eklesiis devnis Sewyveta bizantiis eklesiaSi.
ganvixiloT Tu rogor esmodaT qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxi
giorgi mTawmidelsa da mis Semdeg moRvaweebs.
patriarq Teodosisadmi giorgi mTawmidelis pasuxidan Cans Semdegi: 1.
qarTveli eri qristianobaze moaqcia TviTon mociqulma; 2. qarTveli eri
mociqulTa samwysoa; 3. aqedan gamomdinare, qarTvelTa ganmanaTleblebi arian
mociqulebi; 4. radganac qarTuli eklesia dafuZnebulia mociqulTa mier, igi
avtokefaluri
iyo
daarsebisTanave,
iseve,
rogorc
mociqulTa
mier
daarsebuli eklesiebi saerTod. giorgi mTawmidelis am mosazrebebs antioqiis
sapatriarqoSi daeTanxmnen. giorgi mTawmidelis azriT, qarTuli eklesia
avtokefaluri iyo mociqulTa epoqidanve, e.i. I-II saukuneebidanve. Tu ra
kanonikuri safuZveli edo giorgi mTawmidelis aseT Tvalsazriss, amis
Sesaxeb msjeloba mocemulia am werilis Sesaval nawilSi. magram arsebobda
Tu ara qarTuli eklesia I-II saukuneebSi? werilobiT wyaroebs adasturebs
arqeologiuri
monacemebi,
rom
II-III
saukuneebSi CvenSi
cxovrobdnen
qristianebi, maTi mcirericxovani Temebi, isini iyvnen mociqulebrivi madlis
matareblebi. maSasadame, im dros, roca IV saukuneSi gaqristianda mTeli
qarTveli eri da daarsda sruliad saqarTvelos momcveli mZlavri saeklesio
organizacia, mas mociqulebrivi madli gadasces im Zvelma qarTulma
qristianulma Temebma, romelnic iqamdec arsebobdnen da TavianT saTaves
iRebdnen mociqulebidan. IV saukunis dasawyisSi, roca daarsda qarTuli
eklesia, imperiaSi jer kidev arsebobda mravali avtokefaluri patara
eklesia, romelTa TavisTavadobas icavda saeklesio kanonebi, erTi aseTi
kanoni gamosca 381 wlis II msoflio krebam. igive daadastura III msoflio
krebamac. mxolod V saukunis bolodan da VI saukuneSi dakanonda patara
eklesiebis avtokefaliebis gauqmebis praqtika. maSasadame, I-III Tu IV s-is
dasawyisSi dafuZnebuli qarTuli eklesia avtokefaluri unda yofiliyo
daarsebisTanave imperiaSi moqmedi da iqamde Catarebuli krebebis kanonTa
Tanaxmad. mxolod V-VII saukuneebSi unda damuqreboda mis avtokefalias
safrTxe. yovel SemTxvevaSi, rogorc aRiniSna, giorgi mTawmideli, romelsac
gamoCenil istorikosad Tvlida ivane javaxiSvili, miiCnevda, rom qarTuli
eklesia avtokefaluri iyo mociqulTa droidan, mis am SexedulebaSi
gasakviri araferi iyo, radganac igive Sexeduleba hqondaT antioqiaSi da
igive Sexedulebaa, faqtobrivad, dafiqsirebuli (I, II, III) msoflio krebebis
pirvel kanonebSi.

giorgi mTawmidelis mosazrebas, rom qarTuli eklesia daarsebisTanave

avtokefaluri iyo, TiTqosda eTanadeba is, rom saukuneTa manZilze ar
moiZebna arc erTi berZnuli Tu sxva wyaro, romelic gamokveTilad
miuTiTebda qarTuli eklesiis romelime ucxo eklesiisadmi daqvemdebarebas.
wyaroTa moZiebis mxriv didi samuSao Caatara efrem mcirem XI saukeneSi.
man mxolod erTi wyaro moiZia, romelic miuTiTebda iberiis eklesiis
berZnuli eklesiisagan ganTavisuflebas VIII saukuneSi, magram, rogorc Cveni
Tanamedrive istorikosis v. goilaZis gamokvlevam aCvena, es cnoba Seexeba ara
mcxeTis (e.i. qarTuli saeklesio centris) eklesiis, aramed dasavleT
saqarTvelos im nawilis (e.i. qvemo iberiis, Semdgom afxazeTis samefos erTi
kuTxis) mier avtokefaliis mopovebas, romelic VII s-is dasawyisSi CamoaSores
mcxeTis eklesias da Seiyvanes berZnuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi. mas, rogorc
efremis cnoba miuTiTebs, VIII s-Si miuRia berZnebisagan saeklesio
ganTavisuflebis damadasturebeli cnoba da kvlav dabrunebia qarTuli
dedaeklesiis wiaRs.
arc balsamonis zemoT ganxiluli cnoba gamodgeba imis damadastureblad,
rom qarTulma eklesiam XI s.-Si miiRo avtokefalia, am dros Cveni eklesia
ukve avtokefaluri iyo, rac ganxilulia zemoT.
ivane javaxiSvilma qarTuli eklesia avtokefalurad miiCnia V saukunidan,
mis xelT ar yofila amis damadasturebeli arc erTi pirdapiri sabuTi, arc
berZnuli da arc qarTuli. rogorc garkveulia, man aseTi varaudi daafuZna
Tavisi mosazrebis, rom `vaxtang gorgasalisagan saqarTveloSi kaTalikosobis
daweseba qarTuli eklesiis mier damoukideblobis mopovebas niSnavda~217.
maSasadame, igi iseve, rogorc sxva mecnierebi, miiCnevs, rom `kaTalikosi~
avtokefaluri eklesiis meTaurs ewodeboda Zvel dros da radgan qarTul
eklesias saTaveSi kaTalikosi Caudga V saukuneSi, igi am droidan
avtokefaluri gaxda. am Tvalsazrisis gansamtkiceblad gamoiyenes balsamonis
aRniSnuli cnoba, romelSic antioqiis patriarqi petrea dasaxelebuli. es
petre miiCnies V saukunis patriarq petre fulonad da mas daukavSires
qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis miniWeba. e.i. V saukunisaTvis qarTuli
eklesiis mier avtokefaliis miniWebis Teoria ar efuZneba mtkice sabuTebs da
ufro varaudzea agebuli, xolo giorgi mTawmidelis Teoria, rom qarTuli
eklesia daarsebidanve avtokefaluri iyo, pirvel msoflio krebaTa kanonebs,
qalkedonis krebamde msoflioSi arsebul saeklesio kanonebs efuZneba.
aRsaniSnavia ramdenime momenti. zogierTi didi qarTveli istorikosi
miiCnevda, rom saqarTveloSi V saukunemde mxolod erTi episkoposi
moqmedebda,
da
mxolod
sakaTalikosos
warmoSobis
Semdeg
moeqca
kaTalikosis xelqveiT ramdenime episkoposi. es mosazreba amJamad mTlianad
araa
gaziarebuli.
kaTalikosobis
dawyebamde
saqarTveloSi
iyvnen
episkoposebi, romlebic im TavisTavadobiT sargeblobdnen, romelic miRebuli
iyo sazogadod Zvel eklesiaSi saepiskoposoTa mimarT. garda amisa, swored
avtokefaliis sakiTxTa udidesi mcodne Teodore balsamoni, romelime
eklesiis avtokefalias akavSirebda ara termin `kaTalikosTan~, aramed
`arqiepiskoposTan~. igi rogorc kviprosis, ise iberiis eklesiis avtokefalias
akavSirebda am eklesiaTa meTaurebis arqiepiskoposebis TavisTavad xarisxpativSi asvlasTan: magaliTad, `bulgareTis arqiepiskoposi pativSi aiyvana
iustiniane mefem... kviprosis arqiepiskoposi pativSi aiyvana mesame msoflio

krebam...
iberiis
arqiepiskoposi
pativSi
aiyvana
antioqiis
krebis
dadgenilebam~218.
rogorc Cans, ivane javaxiSvili da sxvebi kaTalikoss aigivebdnen
arqiepiskoposTan, romelsac ramdenime episkoposi eqvemdebareboda, magram
uZvelesi
qarTuli
wyaroebi
qarTuli
eklesiis
pirvelive
meTaurs
`arqiepiskoposad~ moixsenieben. aseve miiCneven, rom saqarTveloSi ara erTi,
aramed mravali episkoposi arsebobda kaTalikosobis dawesebamde. mefe
mirianma
Tavis
gardacvalebis
dros
mouxmo
episkoposebs
`davedra
episkoposTa~, vaxtang gorgasals ucxoeTidan dabrunebis Semdeg Seegebnen
`episkoposni~
kaTalikosobis
daarsebamde.
Tu
gaviTvaliswinebT
im
damokidebulebas, romelic qarTul eklesiaSi arsebobda ara aseuli, aramed
aTaswleulis manZilze petre fulonis mimarT, albaT, masTan qarTuli
eklesiis
avtokefaliis
dakavSireba
gaugebrobad
da
Seuracxyofad
CaiTvleboda.
saqme isaa, rom petre fuloni, anu petre mkawvreli iyo monofizitobis
eresiarqi, didad SeZulebuli qarTvel mamaTa mier. udidesi siamayis sagnad
miaCndaT is, rom petre fuloni `mTavarepiskoposma~ miqaelma da qarTvelma
episkoposebma Caqoles saqarTveloSi jer kidev kaTalikosobis dawesebamde.
ucnobia istoriulia Tu ara es faqti, magram cnobilia is, rom aTaswleulis
manZilze qvemo qarTlSi qvebis grova, romlis ZirSic `migdebuli iyo~
Caqolili
monofiziti
patriarqi
petre,
miiCneoda
qarTuli
1
marTlmadideblobis cocxal Zeglad .
petre mkawvreli Tavisi wvalebis gasavrceleblad Camovida qarTlSi `da
mouwoda netar miqaels kaTalikozsa qarTlisasa... miqael warmovida mcxeTiT
mis queSeTa epikoposTa Tana da mRvdelTa Tana da erisa morwmunisa~, miqaelma
da episkoposebma, rogorc iTqva, qvebiT mokles, Caqoles petre fuloni
`mokles mgeli igi da Seeracxaa maT simarTled~219.
aqedan Cans, rom ZvelqarTuli tradiciiT kaTalikosobis dawyebamde
qarTlSi episkoposTa simravle arsebobda. pirvel kaTalikosad miCneulia
petre, magram Cveni wyaro kaTalikoss uwodebs mis wina arqiepiskopos
miqaelsac. kaTalikoss uwodebs agreTve ruis-urbnisis kreba da efrem mcire
IV saukunidanve qarTuli eklesiis meTaurebs. qarTvel arqiepiskoposs miqaels
petres kaTalikosad arCevamde mouklavs petre fuloni, maSasadame, qarTuli
saeklesio tradicia ar miiCnevda petre fulons petre kaTalikosis
makurTxevlad, radganac am ukanasknelis kaTalikosad arCevisas petre ukve
mkvdari yofila. sxva aseTi Seusabamobanic arsebobs.
yovel SemTxvevaSi, faqtia is, rom qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis V
saukuneSi miRebis damadasturebeli ucxouri wyaroebi ar moipoveba.
saeklesio tradicia, romlis saukeTeso gamomxatveli iyo giorgi mTawmideli,
Tvlida, rom qarTul eklesias ar esaWiroeboda Zieba avtokefaliisa,
radganac igi daarsebidanve avtokefaluri iyo. amitomac arc arsebobda
ucxouri wyaroebi qarTuli eklesiis
avtokefaliis Sesaxeb. xolo efrem
mcires mier mocemuli cnobebi Seexeboda ara mTlianad qarTul eklesias
(mcxeTis eklesias), aramed qarTuli eklesiis erT nawils.
aqve unda iTqvas, rom qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb pirdapiri
ucxouri wyaroebis ararsebobis, anda arasakmarisad arsebobis gamo mecnierTa
Soris sufevda da sufevs dabneuloba. erTni, magaliTad, m. TamaraSvili, mari

brose, d. baqraZe, v. goilaZe, s. gorgaZe da sxvebi, Tvlian, rom qarTulma

eklesiam avtokefalia miiRo petre fulonis dros da igia balsamonis mier
moxseniebuli antioqieli patriarqi petre220, meoreni ki _ m. breki, k. cincaZe,
m. kelenjeriZe, T. Jordania, ev. nikolaZe da sxvebi Tvlian, rom qarTulma
eklesiam avtokefalia moipova XI saukuneebSi antioqiis petre III-is dros da
igia balsamonis mier moxseniebuli patriarqi petre221.
zogierTi mecnieri ki fiqrobda, rom qarTulma eklesiam ramdenjerme
moipova avtokefalia. magaliTad, babilina lominaZe miiCnevs, rom qarTulma
eklesiam samjer moipova avtokefalia V, VIII da XI saukuneebSi. aRsaniSnavia,
rom v. goilaZis gamokvlevebiT, ivane javaxiSvilsac V s.-Si mopovebuli
avtokefalia, Cans, arasrulad miaCnda da Tvlida, rom sabolood qarTul
eklesias avtokefalia miuRia XI saukuneSi, balsamonis mier moxseniebuli
antioqieli patriarqis petre III-is dros222.
sabolood unda iTqvas, rom albaT marTali iyo wmida giorgi mTawmideli,
roca gamoxatavda Zvel saeklesio Tvalsazriss imis Sesaxeb, rom qarTul
eklesias ar esaWiroeboda Zieba avtokefaliisa da igi avtokefaluri iyo
daarsebisTanave.
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, 1056-1057 wlebSi antioqiaSi sapatriaqo karze,
antioqiis patriarqTa da episkoposTa monawileobiT marTlac Catarebula
Sexvedra-krebebi qarTuli eklesiis sakiTxebze, da am dros qarTul eklesias
mianiWes ara avtokefalia, aramed aRiarebul iqna qarTuli eklesiis iqamde
arsebuli yvela, maT Soris _ sapatriarqo Rirsebac. konstantinopolsa da
antioqiaSi 1054-1057 wlebSi Catarebulma Sexvedrebma moxsna qarTuli eklesiis
winaaRmdeg wamoyenebuli yovelgvari braldeba, aRiarebul iqna qarTuli
eklesiis uflebebi, ris Sedegadac Sewyda qarTuli eklesiis da saeklesio
moRvaweTa devna mTel bizantiis imperiaSi. saqarTvelosa da bizantias Soris
damyarda megobruli urTierToba, romelic Semdgom aRarasodes darRveula.

9. quTaisis saeklesio kreba (daaxl. 1058 w.).

saqarTvelos mefis bagrat IV-is dros samefos dedaqalaq quTaisSi Sedga
kreba. masze Sekrebilma eklesiis umaRlesma ierarqebma ganixiles erTi
saeklesio sadavo sakiTxi, amitomac SesaZlebelia am krebas saeklesio
vuwodoT, Tumca ki igi Sedga samefo sasaxleSi `darbazis karze~.
bagrat IV werda: `... Sevkriben karsa darbazisa Cuenisasa mRvdel-moZRvarni,
erisTavT-erisTavni, erisTavni da yovelTa xevTa zemoTa da quemoTa aznaurni,
mecnierni sabWoTa saqmeTani da davsxeniT winaSe Cuensa~223.
darbazs eZaxdnen samefo sasaxlis im oTaxs, sadac saxelmwifoebrivi
mniSvnelobis saqmeTa gamo mefis TandaswrebiT sxdoma imarTeboda xolme,
amitomac `darbazi~ Semdgom ewoda saqarTvelos saxelmwifos uzenaes
organos224.

samefo darbazis wevrebad yofilan umaRlesi samRvdeloebisa da saero

xelisufalTa warmomadgenlebi iurist aznaurebTan erTad225. am ukanasknelT
`mecnierni sabWoTa saqmeTani~ ewodebodaT.
ivane javaxiSvili wers, rom `xelmwifis karis garigebis cnobiTac
saxelmwifo
darbazis
sxdomebs
eswrebodnen
vazirebi
TavianTi
TanaSemweebiTurT, umaRlesi samRvdeloeba kaTalikozisa da moZRvarTmoZRvris meTaurobiT, mniSvnelovani monastrebis winamZRvarni, saqveynod
gamrigeTagan _ ki ufrosi moxeleebi~226.
`darbazis kars~ araTu ufleba hqonia gaerCia saeklesio sakiTxebi, aramed,
rogorc Tamaris istorikosi wers: `monasterni da saepiskoposoni da yovelni
eklesiani wessa da rigsa locvisa da yovlisa saeklesioisa gansagebelsa
darbazis kariT miiRebdian, viTarca kanonsa ucdomelsa da yovlad Sueniersa
da dawyobilsa keTilwesierebasa locvisa da marxvisasa~227.
saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis uzenaesi organo `darbazis kari~ kanonmdebeli
yofila eklesiisTvisac, ivane javaxiSvils `qarTlis cxovrebis~ aRniSnuli
cnoba gazviadebulad miaCnia, radganac samRvdeloeba Tavis sferoSi
damoukideblad moqmedebda, magram radganac `darbazis karze~ saero
saqmeTaTvisac ki uzenaesi kanonmdebeli mefesTan erTad eklesiis umaRlesi
ierarqia _ `saeklesio mTavroba~ iyo, amitomac am cnobas SeiZleba vendoT da
ar miviCnioT romelime kerZo SemTxvevad.
saerTod, saeklesio krebas mefe iwvevda. ase moqceula guaram mamfali,
daviT aRmaSenebeli, Tamar mefe, Tumca iyo gamonaklisic, saeklesio krebis
gamarTva `qarTvel samRvdeloebas mefis daukiTxavadac SeeZlo, swored TviT
mefis winaaRmdegac Sekrebiliyo. aseTi Tvisebis iyo, magaliTad, saeklesio
kreba giorgi III-is dros228. mefis winaaRmdegve iyo mimarTuli 1263 w. axali
drois saeklesio krebis dadgenileba da ueWvelia mefis nebadaurTvelad
iqneboda Seyrili~229. Cveulebriv ki, roca eklesiasa da mTavrobas Soris
uTanxmoeba ar arsebobda, saeklesio krebis Seyris brZanebis gamcemi mefe iyo
xolme~230.
marTalia, krebas mefe iwvevda da igi krebas eswreboda sxva saero
xelisuflebTan erTad, magram saeklesio sakiTxTa garCevis dros `mefes ukve
araviTari ufleba ar hqonda sja-baasSi monawileobis miRebisa~231. kreba
iRebda dadgenilebas _ gadawyvetilebas, mas gadascemdnen mefes da mefe
valdebuli iyo igi aesrulebina. `amgvarad saeklesio krebas gangebis
xelisufleba hqonda, mefes kidev aRmasrulebeli~228.
saqarTvelos mefes piradad, erTpirovnulad neba ar hqonda kanonis
gamocemisa, marTalia, `saqarTvelos mefis uzenaes uflebas samarTlis dadeba
da qmna, anu kanonmdebloba da uzenaesi marTlmsajuleba Seadgenda, magram
marto TviTon mefes saqarTveloSi aras dros axali kanoni ar daudvia,
aramed yovelTvis darbazis erTa TanamSromlobiTa da ganCinebiT~232.
maSasadame, saqarTveloSi kanonmdebelni iyvnen `darbazis erni~, anu
darbaiselni. maT Soris Tanamdebobrivad upirvelesni iyvnen `kaTalikozni,
Wyondideli, moZRvarT-moZRvari~ da sxva sasuliero, agreTve, cxadia, saero
pirebi `xelosanni~ da `uxeloni~. maSasadame, saqarTvelos eklesiis umaRlesi
wodebis mqone mRvdelmTavrebi, maT Soris qarTlisa da afxazeTis
kaTalikosebi, Wyondideli da moZRvarT-moZRvari saqarTvelos saxelmwifos

kanonmdebelni iyvnen da sxva darbaislebTan erTad, cxadia, mefis

xelisuflebis qveS. amitomac araa gasakviri mematianis sityva imis Sesaxeb,
rom eklesia `saeklesio gansagebelsa darbazis kariT miiRebdin~, darbazis
karis mowvevis dros iq mudam imyofeboda qarTuli eklesiis sinodi _
kaTalikozebi da umaRlesi mRvdelmTavrebi. amitomac SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom
darbazi saeklesio sakiTxTa gadaWris dros warmoadgenda sinods, anu
eklesiis kanonmdebels, xolo saero, saqveyno saqmis gadaWris dros
Cveulebriv saxelmwifo sakanonmdeblo organos. mefes Sesabamis aparatTan
erTad
aRmasrulebeli
funqciebi
ekisreboda.
mefe
erT
SemTxvevaSi
kanonmdebels warmoadgenda darbazTan erTad, meore SemTxvevaSi ki _
aRmasrulebels mTavrobis wevrebTan erTad.
amgvari mdgomareobis gamo samxreT saqarTveloSi mdebare opizisa da
mijnaZoris monasterTa Soris sadavo sakiTxebis gadasaWrelad mefe bagrat
IV-s mouwvevia darbazi. rogorc aRiniSna, saeklesio sakiTxTa gadaWris dros
darbazi warmoadgenda saeklesio krebas. opizisa da mijnaZoris monastrebi
erTmaneTs miwa-wylis sazRvars edavebodnen. orive mxares hqonda Tavisi
simarTlis damamtkicebeli sabuTebi, arqanjelo lambertis Cauweria samxreT
saqarTveloSi gadmocema, romlis mixedviTac iSxanis taZari barTlome
mociqulis mier daarsebulad miiCneoda, maSasadame, mxarec mis mier iqneboda
moqceuli. mijnaZorelebs bagrat mefis karze wmida barTlome mociqulis
nawilebi CausvenebiaT wmida petresa da pavles xatebTan erTad. TavianTi
simarTlis dasamtkiceblad miutaniaT gurgen erisTavTa erisTavis, gurgen
mefeT mefis, bagrat kurapalatisa da bagrat IV-is mamis mefe giorgis mier
gacemuli sigelebi, damowmebulni kaTalikosTa da mRvdelmTavarTa mier.
opizel berebs mxolod guaram mamfalis mier dawerili sabuTi hqoniaT.
rogorc
aRiniSna,
ori
monasteri
erTmaneTs
`ebrZoda~
`tyeTa
da
zRvarTaTvis~. mefe wers, _ `Cuen ese SfoTi maTi gvimZimda, ravden igini
wmidani udabnoni mSvidobisa da dawynarebisa da Cuen mefeTa locvisaTvis
aRSenebulni arian~233.
darbazze, romelTa wevrebis Sesaxeb zemoT visaubreT, mousmeniaT orive
monastris sabuTebi _ `dawerilebi~, Semdgom mousmines TiToeuli mxaris
warmomadgenels. mijnaZorelebs mravali mefis da xelisuflis mier
damtkicebuli sabuTi hqondaT _ `xelni amaTni mravalni da mtkiceni iyvnen~1,
xolo opizrebs mxolod erTi _ guaram mamfalisa. gardasul mefeTa da
xelisufalTa mier gacemuli wyalobis (Sewirulobis) darRvevas, Cans, erqva
`gatexa~. darbazsa da mefes ar unebebiaT maTi `gatexa~, radganac miiCneoda,
rom es Zveli, aw ukve gardacvlili mwyaloblebis `suls daamZimebda~.
maSasadame, mijnaZorelebs darbazobaze gaumarjviaT, xolo opizelebi
damarcxebulan. mefe wers, ar gvindoda, rom `opizarni unugeSiniscemod
gagveSvnes,
igini
Sewuxdeboden
da
Cven
bralad
SevinaxeT~.
maTi
`gulsavsobisaTvis~ mefes gadauwyvetia mieca damarcxebuli monastrisaTvis
sakuTari sofeli birevani. Cans, am soflis Semosavali xmardeboda mefis erTerTi `samamasaxloisosa samsaxurebelsa~, e.i. samamasaxlisos xarjebs. amis
Semdeg am soflis Semosavali moxmardeboda opizeli berebis trapezs. mieca
maT `satrapezod~. es brZaneba mefisa unda daemtkicebina qarTlis
kaTalikozs, mRvdelmTavrebs, saerodan ki Semdgomi Taobis mefeebs, erisTavT
erisTavebs, `taoisa da klarjeTis tanuterebs~ da sxvebs. aRsaniSnavia, rom

taosa da klarjeTSi Zveli droidan SemorCenila somxuri samoxeleo termini,

magaliTad, `tanuteri~ da sxva, magram tao-klarjeTSi mdebare aRniSnuli
monastris sadavo miwaze arsebuli toponimebi sruliad qarTulia: `samwyuris
wyali, SavSeTis wyali, tixaris klde, eJvanTa qedi, didubis xerTvisi,
saqaTmis kari, erT-kari, salesvelTa~. aqedan unda vifiqroT, rom toponimebi
Zvel dros somxurenovani rom yofiliyo, Seucvlelad Zveleburadve
darCeboda sigelis daweris droisaTvis, iseve rogorc ucvleli darCa
somxurenovani samoxeleo termini _ tanuteri. es ukanaskneli, Cans, taosa da
mimdebare qarTuli mxareebis somxeTis saxelmwifoSi yofnis droidan
SemorCenila (VI-VII ss.). qarTulenovani toponimebi mxareTa mosaxleobis
eTnikur qarTvelobaze miuTiTebs im drosac, roca isini saqarTvelosTan jer
kidev ar iyvnen gaerTianebulni.
bagrat IV-is aRniSnul sigelSi naTqvamia, rom darbazis krebaze
Seikribnen `yovelTa xevTa zemoTa da qvemoTa aznaurni~234. `zemo saqarTvelo~
_ zemo qveyana aRmosavleT saqarTvelos erqva. 1786 wlis wyalobis wignSi
anton I kaTalikosi Tavis Tavs `zemoisa saqarTvelos~ kaTalikos-patriarqs
uwodebs235.
dasavleT saqarTvelos `qvemo~ erqva, xolo erTad orive saqarTvelos (e.
i. zemosa da qvemos) _ `orTave saqarTvelo~ - 1786 wlis wyalobis wigns
amtkicebs `orTave saqarTvelos ufliswuli mefis Ze giorgi~236.
1790 wels Sedgenil `erTobis~ traqtatSi `qvemo iveria~ ewodeba dasavleT
saqarTvelos `... garwmunebT yovlisa saimereTosa mefesa... mTavarsa odiSisa...
mTavarsa... guriisa da erTobiT TavadTa, aznaurTa da erTa qvemoisa
iveriisaTa~237.
amave dokumentSi aRmosavleT saqarTvelos `zemo iveria~ ewodeba _
`garwmunebT umaRlessa mefesa qarTlisa, kaxeTisa da sxvaTa... TavadTa
keTilSobilTa erTa zemoisa iveriisaTa~238.
saerTod, saukuneTa manZilze saqarTvelos or geografiul `zemo da
qvemo~ nawilebad yofdnen _ `zemos~ XII s-is Semdgom Seesabameboda `ameri~,
`qvemos~ ki _ `imeri~.
axlad
gaerTianebuli
saqarTvelo
XI
saukuneSi
Sedgeboda
ori
samefosagan. eseni iyvnen `afxazTa samefo~ da `qarTvelTa samefo~. bagrat III
am ori samefos xelmwife iyo, xolo dedaqalaqi quTaisSi imyofeboda.
siadvilisaTvis erT samefos `qvemo mamuls~ uwodebdnen, meores ki `zemos~ _
`zedais kerZs~, quTaisis eklesiis kurTxevis dros `Semoikribna... yovelni
didebulni zemoni da qvemoni mamulisa da samefosa missa myofni~239. liparit
baRvaSma berZenTa daxmarebiT bagrat IV-s waarTva aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
yvela mTavari cixesimagre _ artanuji, yveli, ufliscixe, birTvisi, kldekari.
mematianis azriT, lipariti aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mflobelad iqca _
`moirWuna liparit zemosa qveyanasa da aRixuna cixeni~240; `liparit moirWuna
zemosa kerZsa dauflebad~241, Tu mTel aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, anu `zemo
qveyanas~ daeufla lipariti, raRa darCa mefes? mematiane pasuxobs, _ `xolo
bagrats aqunda qvemoTi dawyobiT~241 maSasadame, lixs qvemoTi qveyana, anu
`qvemo saqarTvelo~ mefes darCa imJamad, magram Semdgom lipariti damarcxda,
amitomac bagrat IV `eufla zemosa da qvemosa Tavis mamulsa~242, amitomac,

rodesac bagrat IV opizisa da mijnaZoris monasterTa Soris davis gadaWris

Semdeg, wers - `Sevkriben... yovelTa xevTa zemoTa da qvemoTa aznaurni~, aq
`zemos~ qveS, rogorc aRiniSna, aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi mdebare mamulebi,
anu xevebi igulisxmeba, xolo `qvemoTas~ qveS dasavleT saqarTveloSi _
lixis qedis qvemoT mdebare xevebis mamulebi. daviT aRmaSenebelma uanderZa
Tavis Svils demetres saganZurni `mivec saWurWleni Cemni zemoni da
qvemoni~243. e. i. mefes ori `saWurWle~, anu saganZuri hqonia, erTi zemo, anu
aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, meore `qvemo~ - dasavleT saqarTveloSi.
`zemo da qvemo~, `imeri da ameri~ mraval dokumentSi gvxvdeba, es eklesiis
istoriisaTvis imiTaa saintereso, rom qarTlis sakaTalikosos ucxoelebi
`zemo iveriis saarqiepiskoposos~ uwodebdnen, afxazeTis sakaTalikosos ki
`qvemo iveriis saarqiepiskoposos~244.
saqarTvelos nawilebs `zemo~ da `qvemo~ unda darqmeoda ara gaerTianebis
epoqaSi, aramed uZveles drosve, magaliTad, n. berZeniSvili qarTlis
cxovrebaSi daculi VII s-is Sesabamisi cnobis _ `SeiTqves yovelni erisTavni
qarTlisani zemoni da qvemoni245, wers: `gvaqvs sabuTi vifiqroT `zemoni~-Si
igulisxmeboda qarTlis erisTavebi, `qvemoni~-Si egrisis, aragveTis da
egriswyals qvemoTi~246.
quTaisis
saeklesio
krebam,
romelsac
aRmosavleT-dasavleT
saqarTvelodan mowveuli iuristebi (`mecnierni sabWoTa saqmeTani~) da
sasuliero pirebi eswrebodnen, miukerZoeblad gadaWra dasmuli saeklesio
sakiTxi.

[1054/1072]. sigeli bagrat mefisa opizar da mijnaZorel mamebisadmi

[teqsti]
[mo]vides C(ue)n w(inaS)e quTaTis, saxlsa samkuidrebelsa C(ue)nsa, ese mamani mijnaZorelni da
mamani opizarni.
da moiyvanes mijnaZorelTa xatni w(mi)daTa mociqulTa p(e)tr(e)si da
p(a)vl(e)si da nawilni w(mi)disa barTlome mociqulisani, da moixunes sigelni
gurgen e(risTavT)-e(risTav)isa, gurgen mefeTa-mefisai, papaisa Cemisa b(a)g(ra)t
kurapalatisai da mamisa Cemisa g(iorg)i mefisai, r(om)liTa igi tyeni da

zRvarni mijnaZorisaTuis daemtkicnes da krulobiTa mowmobani kaTalikozTa

da mRvdelT-moZRuarTani.
da moiRes opizarTa dawerili guaram mamflisai, r(om)liTa mas tyesa da
zRvarsa mijnaZorelTa erCodes da amaT mijnaZoroisa sigelTa Sina guaram
mamflisa dawerili, r(ome)l opizarTaTuis dauweria, ara senebul iyo arca
damtkicebulad da arca gardagdebulad.
da C(ue)n ese SfoTi maTi guimZimda, ravden igi w(mi)dani udabnoni
mSuidobisa da dawynarebisa da C(ue)n mefeTa locvisaTuis aRSenebulni arian.
da guls-midgina R(merTma)n da madlman maT w(mi)d(a)Ta man da elvyav
xarkebiT sauravsa maTsa: Sevkriben karsa darbazisa C(ue)nisasa mRdelTmoZRuarni, e(risTavT)-e(risTav)ni, erisTavni da y(ove)lTa evTa zemoTa da
quemoTa aznaurni, mecnierni sabWoTa saqmeTani da davsxeniT w(inaS)e C(ue)nsa.
da wavikiTxeniT maTnica da maTnica dawerilni da r(ome)li sityuis gebai iyo
maT Soris, movismineT. da samarTlad ese gavigoneT, r(ome)l elni amaTni
mr(a)v(a)lni da mtkiceni iyunes da C(ue)ngan maTi gatexai ara jer-iyo, da
sulsa maT pirvelTa mefeTasa ara davamZimebdiT. da Tumca opizarni
unugeSiniscemod gagueSnes, igini Sewuxdebodes, da ese C(ue)n bralad
SevinaxeT.
da aw salocvelad mefobisa Cemisa da Svilisa Cemisa g(iorg)i
kurapalatisa da salocvelad sulsa maT pirvelTa mefeTasa esreT ganvage da
davamtkice saqme maTi: tyeni da zRvarni amaTni, viTa maT pirvelTa mefeTa
dawerilTa sigelTa Sigan uwerian, niSniT zRvarni; samxriT-samwyrisa wyali,
viTa SavSeTisa wyalsa CaerTvis, da tixaris klde da qed-qedi viTa wavals;
dasavliT eJuanTa qedi; da CrdiloiT-didubisa xerTvisi da saqaTmis kari,
viTa qed-qedi wavals, didi qedi erTkari. ese zRvarni mtkiceni arian
mijnaZoroelTa zeda da qedsa ameriT arai uc saqme da sasarCloi opizarTa,
salesvelTa saTibisagan kide.
da amisda nacvlad, r(aiTa)mca opizarnica gulsavse vyven, salocvelad
sulisa Cemisa Tavsave Cemsa davaTmine: aviRe samamasaxlisoisa samsaxureblisa
C(ue)nisagan barevani sofeli da mivec opizarTa satrapezod. da gardavswyuide
maT Soris sazidi da sarCeveli, r(aiT)a ese ornive w(mi)dani udabnoni
mSuidobiT da uSfoTvelad iyunen da mefobasa Cemsa da Zesa Cemsa g(iorg)i
kuparalatsa guilocviden da maT pirvelTa mefeTa maSenebelTa da
SemwirvelTaca ulocviden, r(aiT)a R(merTma)n, meoxebiTa maT w(mi)daTa
mociqulTaiTa da maTda mimarT vedrebiTa maT w(mi)daTa mamaTaTa, dResa mas
gankiTxvisasa, ulxinos codvilsa sulsa Cemsa, misnas s{a}sjelTagan
saukuneTa.
aw, vinca hnaxoT brZanebai da sigeli ese C(ue)ni: SemdgomTa C(ue)nTa
momavalTa mefeTa, e(risTavT)-e(risTav)Ta, taoisa da klarjeTisa tanuterTa
da y(ove)lTa elisufalTa da saqmis moqmedTa, daumtkiceT da nuvin elhyofT Slasa da Secvalebasa amissa!
da ukueTu vinme, rasaca Jamsa, raica guari kaci, didi gina mcire, adges da
amas naqmarsa C(ue)nsa aqcevdes, ga-mca-urisxdebis mamai, Ze da suli w(mi)dai. da
esemca w(mi)dani mociqulni arian mosajulni sulisa misisani dResa mas
gankiTxvisasa. da Cemni bralni misgan iZien R(merTma)n!
da Tq(ue)n, w(mi)d(a)o meufeo qarTlisa k(aTalikozo), da w(mi)dano mRvdelmoZRuarno, ujuaro[biTa daumtkiceT]247...

10. Tbilisis I saeklesio kreba (1178 w.)

Cvenamde moRweulia `sigeli giorgi mefisa saqarTvelos eklesiisadmi~
(daTariRebulia 1177-1178 wlebiT). sigelSi nabrZanebia, rom afxazTa,
qarTvelTa, ranTa, kaxTa da somexTa mefes giorgi III-s, romelsac agreTve
hqonda titulebi `SirvanSa~ da `SahanSa~, gaxelmwifebidan 21-e wels aujanyda
Zmiswuli. SeTqmuleba seriozuli iyo, magram igi CaaxSo: `cud qmna da daxsna~
man, romelic `mravalmowyalea da ar aviwydeba Tavisi qmnileba~, e. i. ufalma
RmerTma. uflisadmi madlobis niSnad mefem gadawyvita raRac didi sikeTe
mieniWebina saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis, `samadlobeli raimca miemadleboda
RmrTeebasa missa~. mefem brZana `sadideblad RmrTeebisa misisad da keTilad
dacvisaTvis mefobisa Cuenisa da sulierad xsnisaTvis satanjulTaisa,
movigoneT eklesiaTa samefoisa CuenisaTa yovlisa begarisa usamarTloisa da
daWirebulisagan xsnai da ganTavisuflebai~248.
radganac mefes surda RmrTisadmi Sesawiravi gaeRo ara romelime erTi an
ori eklesiis sasargeblod, aramed sazogadod
saqarTvelos mTeli
eklesiis samomavlo saWiroebis dasakmayofileblad, amitomac gadauwyvetia
moewvia saeklesio kreba, romelic daadgenda imJamad, Tu ra saWiroebas
iTxovda eklesia. marTlac, aRniSnul wels Semdgara saeklesio kreba,
romelsac
gadauwyvetia
eTxova
mefisaTvis
eklesiaTa
usamarTlo
begarisagan gaTavisufleba. mefe krebis saxeliT ambobs: sasuliero pirebma
`gvibrZanes da mogvaxsenes daWirvebuloba eklesiaTa da ganryvna
sasjulTa saqmeTa248, amitomac mefem krebis Txovna aRasrula da RmerTis
samadloblad krebis ganCineba aRasrula.
Cvens istoriografiaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba TiTqosda gasaWiris Jams,
im dros, roca mefes aujanyda Zmiswuli, batoniSvili demna, saqarTvelos
saeklesio moRvaweebma moiwvies kreba. `es faqtobrivad sasuliero pirTa
seriozuli gamosvla iyo samefo xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg... samRvdeloeba
Tavisi Zalauflebis gazrdas moiTxovda. saqarTvelos mefes sxva gamosavali
ar hqonda, iZulebuli gaxda daeTmo da krebis moTxovna Seuvalobis
(ZiriTadad unda vigulisxmoT sagadasaxado imuniteti) aRdgenis Taobaze
daekmayofilebina~249.
sigeli ar iZleva aseTi gancxadebis safuZvels. kreba Sedga ara ajanyebis
dros, aramed ajanyebis CaxSobis Semdeg. marTalia, SesaZlebelia romelime
kerZo sasuliero pirs monawileobac mieRo ajanyebaSi, magram zogadad
mTlian eklesias ar SeeZlo da arc inebebda mefis mterTa mxares dgomas,
pretenziebis gacxadebas mefis gasaWirSi yofnis Jams. mefe
TviT eklesiis
mier iyo nakurTxi da, maSasadame, dalocvil-dadgenilic. mefes gamefebis Jams
mirons cxebdnen, igi mironcxebuli iyo eklesiis mier, anu Tavisi
mmarTvelobisas warmoadgenda RvTis madlis matarebels. mefes sulieri

mowiwebiT epyrobodnen ara mxolod misi politikuri zedamdgomlobis, aramed

misi cxebulobis, madlismatareblobis gamo. mefisadmi sulieri mowiweba
emsgavseboda kaTalikosis mimarT gamoxatul sulier krZalulobas.
rogorc iTqva, mefem gamarjvebis Semdeg ineba samadloblad RvTisadmi
wyalobis gaReba eklesiis sasargeblod. amis gamo moiwvia saeklesio kreba,
sigelSi ar aris pirdapiri miTiTeba amisa, magram sigelidan Cans, rom kreba
mefis mier aris mowveuli. kreba unda Semdgariyo samefo karze da es unda
yofiliyo darbazi gafarToebuli saxiT, `didi wesiT~, romelzedac
mowveulma saeklesio pirebma ganixiles saeklesio sakiTxi, amitomac SeiZleba
vuwodoT saeklesio kreba. samefo kari am droisaTvis TbilisSi iyo, amitomac
unda vifiqroT, rom kreba TbilisSi Catarda. mas SeiZleba pirobiTad
vuwodoT `Tbilisis I saeklesio kreba~, radganac TbilisSi Semdgomac iqna
mowveuli sxva krebebi, xolo iqamde TbilisSi Catarebul krebaTa Sesaxeb
cnobebi ara gvaqvs.
sigelSi nabrZanebia: `Sekrbes yovelni samefoisa Cuenisani monazonni da
ebiskoposni imerni da amerni, kaTalikozni, moZRvarni, da yovelni
meudabnoeni...~250.
sazogadod unda iTqvas, rom sruliad saqarTvelos episkoposTa `imerTa
da amerTa~ Sekreba did iSviaTobas warmoadgenda saqarTvelos eklesiis da,
saerTod,
saqarTvelos
istoriaSi.
msgavsi
Sekreba
xdeboda
erTiani
saqarTvelos saxelmwifos arsebobisas didmniSvnelovani saxelmwifo, anda
saeklesio
movlenis
dros.
magaliTad,
mironis
kurTxevisas,
mefis
kurTxevisas.
msgavsi
saeklesio
krebis
dros
yoveli
eparqiis
(samRvdelTmoZRvros)
episkoposs
mikuTvnebuli
hqonda
Tavisi
adgili
`jdomisa da dgomis~ wesis Sesabamisad.
eklesiaSi
wirva-locvis,
liturgia-RvTismsaxurebis,
SekrebaTa
da
oficialuri purobis drosac ki episkoposebsa da samRvdelo pirebs
erTmaneTis mimarT nebismier adgilas dgomisa da jdomis ufleba ara aqvT.
amJamad pirveli mRvdelmTavris, anu kaTalikos-patriarqis, marjvena pirvel
adgilas unda dadges mis Semdeg eklesiaSi pirveli upiratesi piri, es
upiratesoba ganisazRvreba wodebiTa (mitropoliti, mTavarepiskoposi da a.S.)
da qirotoniiT (episkoposTa Soris is dadgeba pirvel adgilas, romelsac
ufro adre aqvs es wodeba miniWebuli). Zvel dros upiratesoba saqarTvelos
eklesiaSi ganisazRvreboda ara piradi wodebriobis upiratesobiT, aramed
kaTedris pativis upiratesobiT. magaliTad, SesaZloa manglelsa da walkel
episkoposebs Tanabari wodeba hqonodaT, magram mangleli upirates adgilas
unda damdgariyo misi kaTedrisadmi ZvelTaganve miniWebuli upiratesobis
ZaliT. es asaxuli iyo Sesabamis dokumentebSi, romlis mixedviTac
isazRvreboda mRvdelmTavarTa Tu moweseTa adgili Sekrebebis dros.
msgavsadve isazRvreboda adgili dgomisa da jdomisa samefo karze
moxeleTa Soris. `darbazobis dros mxolod gansazRvruls didebul
moxeleTa jgufs SeeZlo mefis winaSe mjdariyo, sxvebi unda mdgariyvnen. amas
garda amaT Sorisac, visac jdomis ufleba hqonda, zogs sasTaulis ufleba
hqonda, zogni usasTaulod unda msxdariyvnen, amis Sesaxeb garkveuli, mtkice
debuleba arsebobda, romelsac erqva `wesi jdomisa da dgomisa~251.
ivane javaxiSvili wers, rom jdomis uflebis mqone xelisufalni, Tavis
mxriv, ramdenime jgufad iyofodnen: `vazirebi oqroWedil selebze isxdnen,

danarCeni didi xelisufalni Cveulebriv sajdomebze, magram ufrosi maTgani

`sasTauliT~, e.i. baliSze, umcrosni,
albaT,
usasTaulod
msxdaran.
TavisTavad igulisxmeba, rom umaRlesi samRvdeloebis warmomadgenelni
Tamaris droindel darbazobaSiac monawileobas iRebdnen~252.
`xelmwifis karis garigebis~ cnobiT, nebismieri saxelmwifoebrivi
sakiTxis garkvevisa da gadaWris dros darbazobas eswrebodnen `umaRlesi
samRvdeloeba,
kaTalikozisa
da
moZRvarT-moZRvris
meTaurobiT
da
mniSvnelovani monastrebis winamZRvarni~253.
saqarTvelos
mefisa
da
qarTuli
eklesiis
ierarqiis
urTierTdamokidebuleba sasuliero TvalsazrisiT kargad Cans XIII saukuniT
daTariRebul dokumentSi, romelsac ewodeba `wesi da gangeba mefeT
kurTxevisa~.
romelime Sesabamisi pirovnebis mefed kurTxeva xdeboda wirvisas. mefis
kurTxevis wina dRiT, mwuxrisas, Seimoseboda mTavarepiskoposi (e. i. mwuxris
locvas mTavarepiskoposi aRasrulebda). mTavarepiskoposi Zvel saqarTveloSi
erqva mxolod im mRvdelmTavars, romelic ijda samTavros kaTedraze
mcxeTaSi. mwuxrisas Semosili mTavarepiskoposi Sesabamisi galobiTa da wesiT
gaemarTeboda mefis sasaxlisaken. sasaxleSi mTavarepiskoposi miiRebda mefis
gvirgvins, skiptras, porfirsa da bisons (es ori ukanaskneli iyo mefis
Sesamoseli). yovelive amas feSxumze dawyobilT miitandnen eklesiaSi da
daasvenebdnen trapezze. samefo kandidati, didebulebi da sxvebi Rames
sasaxleSi locviT gaaTenebdnen. meore dRes, diliT, Sesabamisi wesiT
sasaxleSi eklesiidan mividoda jvrismtvirTveli, romelic wesisamebr
miesalmeboda samefo kandidats. es iyo niSani, romlis Semdegac es
ukanaskneli unda wasuliyo eklesiaSi, samefo kandidats win miuZRoda zari,
droSa, Subi, Semdeg mihyvebodnen mTavardiakoni, jvrismtvirTveli da
mandaturTuxucesi, ukan edgnen ezoTuxucesi, CuxCeraxi, meabjreTuxucesi, mas
eWira mefis fari, laxti da qarqaSi, ukan modioda laSqari. mefis marjvniv
idga amirspasalari, mas samefo xmali orive xelze hqonda dasvenebuli. mis
siaxloves idgnen amilaxori da meabjreTuxucesi. mefis marcxniv idgnen
Wyondideli episkoposi da aTabagi.
eklesiis karebTan mefes miegebebodnen kaTalikosebi (qarTlisa da
afxazeTisa) da episkoposebi. afxazeTisa da qarTlis kaTalikosTa Soris
upiratesi iyo es ukanaskneli, radganac igi qarTlis kaTalikosobasTan erTad
agreTve iyo sruliad saqarTvelos patriarqic, amitomac igi miesalmeboda
samefo kandidats Sesabamisi sityvebiT. kandidati mdablad Tayvans scemda
kaTalikoss, amis Semdeg kandidatis marjvena xels daiWerda qarTlis
kaTalikosi, marcxena xels ki afxazeTis kaTalikosi, Seiyvandnen eklesiaSi
da daayenebdnen Sesabamis adgilze, romelsac `samefo adgili~ erqva
(sveticxovelSi es adgili iyo samxreTis kedelTan, sakaTalikoso saydris
siaxloves. bolo wlebamde aq idga marmarilossvetebiani samefo Cardaxi,
romelic moSales restavratorebma XX s. 70-80-ian wlebSi). Tu raime mizezis
gamo wirvas ver eswreboda afxazeTis kaTalikosi, misi adgili unda daeWira
iSxnel an Wyondidel episkoposs, anda mTavarepiskoposs. kandidatis
eklesiaSi Sesvlis Semdeg
iwyeboda wirva. jer, cxadia, kveTa iwyeboda:
`iwyon aRmokveTa sefesa~254. kveTa sruldeboda patara trapezze, romelsac
samkveTlo ewodeba, kveTis Semdeg Sesawiri nakveTi sefiskveri feSxumiTa da

Rvino barZimiT unda gadaesvenebinaT did trapezze, romelzec, rogorc

aRiniSna, dasvenebuli iyo samefo Sesamoseli bisoni, amitomac kveTis Semdeg
Sesabamis dros bisons aiRebdnen, gamoitandnen sakurTxevlidan da miutandnen
samefo kandidats taZarSi, sadac igi ijda Tavis adgilas. mas orive muxlze
dausvenebdnen
bisons.
igi
adgeboda
da
bisoniT
xelSi
mividoda
`sakaTalikoso taxtTan~ (es taxti, anu saydari sveticxovelSi amJamadac
dgas). e.i. samefo kandidati mividoda kaTalikosTan da etyoda _ `makurTxe,
meufeo~, kaTalikosi dalocavda mas, gamoarTmevda bisons da Tavis xeliT
Caacmevda. Semdeg kandidats miiyvandnen isev Tavis adgils.
wirvisas saxarebis wakiTxvis momdevno kvereqsis Semdeg sakurTxevlidan
gamovidodnen afxazeTis kaTalikosi (anda iSxneli) da mTavarepiskoposi.
mohkidebdnen mefes xels, rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, da daayenebdnen Sua
eklesiaSi, aq mefes samjer unda eca Tayvani sakurTxevlisaTvis, Semdeg
Seiyvandnen aRsavlis kariT sakurTxevelSi, daayenebdnen trapezis win. aq mefe
muxls moiyrida, anu daiCoqebda qarTlis kaTalikosis, e.i. saqarTvelos
patriarqis win, romelic aseve am droisaTvis Sesuli iyo sakurTxevelSi.
trapezis win daCoqil mefes yvela episkoposi Tavze daafarebda Tavis
omfors, jvars dawerda kaTalikosi da iwyebda umTavres locvas, romlis
warmoTqmis Semdegac samefo kandidati ukve nakurTxi mefe iyo. kaTalikosi
ambobda locvas: `saRmrTo madli, romeli yovladve uZlurebaTa CuenTa
hkurnebs da naklulebasa Cuensa aRavsebs ganaCinebs RmrTis moSiSsa [aq
iTqmoda kandidatis saxeli] ersa da samefosa amas zeda mefed-mefed da
gareSeartyams saRmrTosa Zalsa missa, vilocoT yovelTa, raTa daimkvidros
mis Tana madlman yovlad wmidisa sulisaman~255, xalxi pasuxobda
`kirieleison~ 3 gzis, kaTalikosic aRniSnul locvas samjer waikiTxavda.
amis Semdeg kaTalikosi aiRebda samefo gvirgvins da daadgamda Tavze mefes
Sesabamisi locviT, Semdeg aiRebda porfirs da Caacmevda (Semoaxuravda)
mefes, Semdeg aiRebda skiptras da miscemda mefes marjvena xelSi, amis Semdeg
mefes
daayenebdnen
trapezis
marjvniv.
gundi
ityoda
axali
mefis
mravalJamiers.
ziarebisas
jer
mRvdelmTavrebi
eziarebodnen,
Semdeg
mRvdlebze win mefes aziarebdnen, wirva ase mTavrdeboda. sakurTxevlidan
gamosvlis Semdeg mefes xmals Seartyamda amirspasalari. eklesiidan
sasaxlemde mefes miacilebdnen mRvdelmTavrebi, marjvena xeli mefisa eWira
qarTlis kaTalikoss, marcxena ki afxazeTis kaTalikoss (an Wyondidels, an
iSxnels), aseve Sehyvebodnen samefo palataSi, miiyvandnen samefo taxtTan da
dasvamdnen taxtze. taxtze ayvanis Semdeg axal mefes pirvelad Tayvans scemda
dedofali, Semdeg kaTalikosebi, Wyondideli, aTabagi, mandaturT-uxucesi,
amirspasalari, meWurWleTuxucesi, msaxurTuxucesi, `Sem-dgomad xelosanTa da
uxeloTa, darbaiserTa sruliadTa~ marTeb-da Tayvaniscema256. ase, samefo
samosliT Semosili mefe 3 dRis manZilze unda mjdariyo taxtze (e.i.
gvirgviniT da porfiriT).
aqedan Cans, rom ZvelqarTuli wesis Tanaxmad, romelic mtkiced iyo
daculi saqarTveloSi,
vidre luarsab II-is Semdgom rostom-xanamde,
eklesiis kurTxevis miuReblad saqarTveloSi mefe taxtze ver avidoda da
`mefis~ wodebas ver miiRebda. samefos didebulTa Soris upirvelesad
iTvlebodnen afxazeTisa da qarTlis kaTalikosebi, Wyondideli da, albaT,
moZRvarT-moZRvaric, rogorc es zemomoyvanili sabuTidan da `xelmwifis

karis garigebidan~ Cans. aseTi viTarebis gamo ar migvaCnia sworad gancxadeba

imisa, TiTqosda mefe giorgi III-s gasaWiris dros aujanyda eklesia. eklesia
yovelTvis mefis erTguli, mefesTan erTad TanammarTveli iyo saqarTvelos
saxelmwifosi. amiT madlierma mefem TbilisSi mowveuli ganxiluli krebis
daxmarebiT udidesi sikeTe mianiWa saqarTvelos eklesias, kerZod ki,
gaaTavisufla usamarTlo begarisagan.

1177. sigeli giorgi mefisa saqarTvelos eklesiisadmi

[teqsti]
q.
saxeliTa
R(mr)TisaiTa,
gi(orgi)sagan,
bagratuanianisa-nebiTa
R(mr)TisaiTa afxazTa, qarTvelTa, ranTa, kaxTa da somexTa [mefisa,
Sar]vanSai [da SahanSai da yovli]sa aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTisa
[flobiT]mpyro[be]lisa. welsa mefobisa Cuenisa ka-sa. odes birebiTa da
gan[Zra]xviTa eSmakeulTa, SeiTqunes vieTnime mefo[b]isa Cuenisa didebulni
da aznaurni orgulobisa CuenisaT[uis] da Zmiswuli Cueni gaguiyenes da
mravali Wiri da [ga]nsacdeli aRguidgines, gina mravalmowyalebaman [da]
aradaviwyebulman qmnulebisa misisaman cudqmna amaTi ganZraxvai da
SeTqmulebai maTi da dahsna [yo]velni Roneni maTni da ganabnivna
yovelnive, zogni sp[arse]Ts Sina sikudiliT da gar[dax]uewiTa da
r(ome)lnime Cue[nsa] samefosa Sina ferTa queSe CuenTa dascna; Cuengan amisa
k[ual] msgavsi samadlobeli raimca miemadleboda R(mr)Teebasa missa. gana,
sadidebelad R(mr)Teebisa misisad da keTilad dac[vi]saTuis mefobisa
Cuenisa da sulierad snisaTuis satan[j]velTaisa, movigoneT eklesiaTa
samefoisa Cue[nisaTa] yovlisa begrisa usamarTloisa da daWirebulisagan
snai da ganTavisuflebai. da amisve mizezisaTuis Sekrbes yovelni
samefoisa Cuenisa monazonni da ebiskoposni: imerni da amerni, k(aTaliko)zi,
moZRuari da yovelni meudabnoeni da maTca guibrZanes da moguasenes
daWirebulobai eklesiaTai da ganryunai sasjuloTa saqmeTai. amisTuis
ganvaCineniT kacni yovelgan da ganvageT gulsmodgined Sekazmvai da
ganTavisuflebai w(mi)daTa R(mr)Tisa eklesiaTai da glaxakTai, r(ome)li
TuiT dawer[ili][...]
I-II kefebis marcxena kideze gaswvriv teqstis xeliT miwerilia:
[q.Cuenisa sulisagan R(mr)Tisai saqme] esre gaguiwesebia, viTa aqa sweria da
viTa monastrisa wessa hmarTebs, egre daguiWiravs da yoveli usamarTloi
begari agiu[snia]257.

11. Tbilisis II saeklesio kreba (daaxl. 1185 w.)

taxtze asvlis Semdeg, Tamar mefem maleve moiwvia saeklesio kreba.
mematianis,
basili
ezosmoZRvaris
sityviT,
Tamari
didad
iRvwoda
`sjulisaTvis~ da `saRmrTo suliT~ emsgavsa bizantiis pirvel qristian
imperators konstantines, romelmac I msoflio kreba moiwvia. Tamarmac `meore

konstantinem~ `ineba, raTa iqmnas Seyra da gamorCeva didTa maT msoflio

krebaTa~258. rogorc konstantinem `saRmrTo saqmeTa~ dawyeba ineba saeklesio
krebis mowveviT, aseve Tamaric `misebrve hgondebda dawyebasa saRmrTosa
saqmeTasa~258, e. i. Tavisi saxelmwifo moRvaweoba Tamarma saeklesio krebis
mowveviT daiwyo: `iwyo aRlesvad orpirisa maxvilisa mosarevelad TeslTa
borotTa~. amisaTvis ierusalimidan sagangebod moiwvia yofili kaTalikosi
nikolozi, sxva wmida mamebi.
`pirvelad
aRmouwoda
wmidiT
qalaqiT
ierusalemiT
nikoloz
gulaberiZesa,
romelsa
simdablisa
ZaliTa
ejmna
qarTlisa
kaTalikozobisagan, ese ra moiyvana, Semokribna yovelni samefosa Tvisisa
mRvdelT-moZRvarni, monazonni da meudabnoeni, kacni mecnierni sjulisa
saRmrTosanni da moswrafe iyo, raTa marTl-madideblobasa zeda SemoTesilni
Teslni borotni aRmofxurnes samefosagan Tvisisa~259.
marTlac Sekrebilan `orisave samTavrosa episkoposni~259. Tamaris
saxelmwifo Sedgeboda ara `ori samTavrosagan~, aramed `Svidi samefosagan~.
am `Svid samefos~ xSirad moixsenieben Tamaris meistorieni, gansakuTrebiT ki
`istoriani da azmani SaravandedTanis~ avtori. `ori samTavrosagan~ im dros
Sedgeboda saqarTvelos sapatriarqo, anu qarTuli eklesia. esenia afxazeTisa
da qarTlis sakaTalikozoebi, `samTavroebi~ sasuliero gagebiT. krebaze
misulan rogorc dasavleT, ise aRmosavleT saqarTvelos episkoposebi,
mematiane wers kidec: `yovelni samefosa Tvisisa mRvdel-moZRvarni~. saeklesio
krebis sxdomis darbazisaTvis Tamars SeurCevia `erTi sadguri~. `Sekriba
yovelni erTsa sadgursa da dasxna saydrebiTa, xolo TviT dajda Soris
maTsa martod da ara mefobiT~259.
sxva iyo krebaTa dros `mefobiT dajdoma~ da sxva `martod dajdoma~. mefe
`mefobiT~ jdeboda oficialuri da saxelmwifoebrivi Sexvedrebis Tu
SekrebaTa dros. magaliTad, mefis kurTxevis dros mefis marjvniv unda
mdgariyo qarTlis kaTalikosi, anu saqarTvelos patriarqi, xolo marcxniv
afxazeTis kaTalikosi, sakaTalikosoTa episkoposebi TavianTi kaTalikosis
mxares dgebodnen. amgvari wesis naSTs unda warmoadgendes jdomis wesi
Cvenamde moRweul dokumentSi _ `gangeba darbazobisa~. am dokumentSi mefis
marcxniv jdeboda Wyondideli, magram Cven viciT sxva dokumentidan,
romelsac hqvia `wesi da gangeba mefeT kurTxevisa~, rom afxazeTis
kaTalikosis darbazobaze aryofnis SemTxvevaSi misi Secvla SeeZlo
Wyondidels. rogorc sabuTidan Cans, Zvel saqarTveloSi mironis kurTxevis
Semdeg iwvevdnen darbazobas. am sabuTs `kurTxeva mironisa~ Semounaxavs
kurTxevis Semdeg gamarTuli darbazobis wesi. es dokumenti SeiZleba
saqarTvelos samefos erTianobis Seryevis drosaa Sedgenili, radganac masSi
ar Canan dasavleT saqarTvelos Zalze mniSvnelovani eparqiis episkoposebi.
gangeba darbazobisa, romlis drosac mefe `mefobiT jdeboda~, aseTi yofila:
`raJams ikurTxos mefe da dajdes taxtsa zeda, efiskoposni am wesiTa
dasxden: 1. brZanos qarTlisa kaTalikozman da dajdes marjueniT mefisa
taxtsa zeda mokidebiT, natiT da baliSiTa; 2. Semovides Wyondideli da
dajdes marcxeniT mefisa, natiTa da baliSiTa; 3. Semovides didisa somxeTisa
mitrapoliti da dajdes kaTalikozsa quemoT, natiTa da baliSiTa...~260.

episkoposTa ganlagebas Cven qvemoT gadmogcemT sqemis saxiT, sadac

frCxilebSi moTavsebul episkoposTa rigi warmoadgens uZvelesi `wesis~
aRdgenis cdas, romelic gadmocemulia Cvens naSromSi `qarTuli eklesiis
Sinagani diptiqi~261 xolo ufrCxilebod warmodgenil episkoposTa rigi
mocemulia `kurTxeva mironisa, gangeba darbazobisas~ mixedviT:
episkoposTa Soris mxolod qarTlis kaTalikosi jdeboda `taxtsa zeda
mokidebiT~. darbazobis dros mxolod erTi taxti idga _ mefisa. mefis taxti,
SesaZloa, iyo ara mxolod savarZeli, aramed raRac SemaRlebuli adgili,
romlis SuaSi jdeboda mefe, xolo am taxtis erT kideSi, marjvena mxares,
`taxtsa zeda mokidebiT~ jdeboda qarTlis kaTalikosi. simbolurad es iyo
gamoxatuleba imisa, rom kaTalikosi mefis taxtis moziare iyo qveynisa da
eris sulieri mmarTvelobis saqmeSi (marcxena mxares, rogorc aRiniSna,
albaT, afxazeTis kaTalikosi).
Tamar mefe gansaxilvel saeklesio krebaze taxtze ar damjdara, aramed
`martod~. taxtze rom damjdariyo, wesis Tanaxmad, mis marjvniv unda
damjdariyo imdroindeli qarTlis kaTalikosi miqaeli. miqaels ki saeklesio
wesis darRveviT mitacebuli hqonia Wyondideloba. esec ar ukmarnia,
mwignobarTuxucesoba da mawyverelobac miutacia. mawyvereli episkoposi unda
damjdariyo qarTlis kaTalikosis qvemoT, igi erT-erT umTavres, sapatio,
samefo karze did gavlenis mqone kaTedras warmoadgenda. xolo, rac
Seexeboda Wyondidels, igi mefis marcxniv unda damjdariyo. `samefo wesiT~
Tamaris dajdomis SemTxvevaSi, `gangeba darbazobis~ wesi srulad verc
Sesruldeboda, mefis marjvena, marcxena da sxva mTavari adgilebi erT kacs
hqonda mitacebuli. es yvela damswre episkoposisaTvis TvalsaCino iyo.
SesaZloa, mefem amitomac brZana krebis gaxsnisas: `hoi wmidano mamano, Tqven
RmerTisa mier ganCinebul xarT moZRvrad Cuenda da mmarTvelad wmidisa
eklesiisa... gamoiZieT yoveli keTilad da daamtkiceT marTali, xolo
ganxadeT gularZnilni, iwyeT Cem zeda... nu Tval asxamT mTavarTa
simdidrisaTvis, nuca glaxakTa udeb hyofT simcirisaTvis...~1.
iv. javaxiSvilis Tanaxmad, krebis mowvevis umTavresi mizani yofila
qarTlis imdroindeli kaTalikosis gadayeneba. marTlac, mematiane wers, rom:
`winamZRvarTa krebisaTa... ara inebes Soris maTsa yofad maSindeli igi
qarTlisa kaTalikosi, rameTu winaukmo rame iwyo wesTagan eklesiisaTa da
Wyondidel-mawyvereloba da mwignobarT-uxucesoba moeveraga uflisagan,
aramed vera ganayenes, daRacaTu friad iRuawes...~262.
ras niSnavda eklesiisa da saxelmwifosaTvis is, rom qarTlis
kaTalikosma miiTvisa Wyondideloba da mwignobarTuxucesoba? am kiTxvas
pasuxobs iv. javaxiSvili: `miqael kaTalikozis zraxvisa da gegmis
politikuri mniSvneloba cxadia, misi da mis momxreTa mizani saxelmwifo
xelisuflebis
xelSi
Cagdebac
iyo.
viTarca
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
kaTalikoz-patriarqi,
igi
qarTuli
eklesiis
mesaWe
iyo.
vazirTa
upirvelesobisa da mwignobarTuxucesobis miRebiT mas saero, saxelmwifo
xelisuflebis xelSi Cagdebac surda. xolo, radgan qarTuli saxelmwifo
samarTlis ZaliT mwignobarT uxucesi mefis `mamad~ iyo miCneuli da mis
daukiTxavad mefes araferi ar unda gaekeTebina, amitom miqaels amieridan
TviT mefezec ki meti Zala da xelisufleba eqneboda. mefes saeklesio
saqmeebSi uSualod Carevis ufleba ar hqonda da xeli ar miuwvdeboda,

miqaeli ki orisave, saero-saxelmwifo da saeklesio xelisuflebis mqonebeli

da gamaerTianebeli iyo. radganac miqaeli kaTalikozi iyo. es garemoeba
saxelmwifosa da saero cxovrebaSi aucileblad eklesiis gabatonebas
moaswavebda. es saistorio mecnierebaSi wodebul cezaropapizms udrida da
romis eklesiis uflebriv Semecnebas miemsgavseboda... eklesiis mesveurT
politikuri upiratesobis xelSi Cagdebac ucdiaT da mouxerxebiaT kidec~263.
maSasadame, `sasuliero mwyemsTavris xelSi saero da saeklesio
xelisuflebis mTeli sadaveebi iyrida Tavs~264.
ivane javaxiSvils gamorkveuli aqvs, rom `Wyondideli mwignobarTuxucesi
da vazirTa upirvelesi, faqtobrivad, saqarTvelos mefis moadgile da
saxelmwifos marTva-gamgeobis namdvili saWeTmpyrobeli iyo, romelsac
`xelmwifis karis garigeba~ mefis `mamasac~ ki uwodebs~265.
msoflio eklesiisaTvis ar iyo ucxo eklesiis ierarqTa mier saxelmwifos
marTva, eklesiis mier saxelmwifoebrivi marTvis sadaveebis aReba.
mociqulTa 34-e kanoniT, Tavisi Temis uzenaesi mmarTvelobis ufleba
hqonda episkoposs jer kidev I-III saukuneebSi, qristianobis saxelmwifo
sarwmunoebad aRiarebamde. devnis pirobebSi mcirericxovani qristianuli
Temebi mxolod sakuTari episkoposis uzenaes, maT Soris, iuridiuli saxis
mmarTvelobas cnobdnen. marTalia, qristianebi emorCilebodnen imdroindel
saero xelisuflebas, magram es iZulebis Sedegi iyo. misi aRsruleba xdeboda
sakuTari episkoposis miTiTebis an nebarTvis Semdeg. cnobilia, rom V-VIII
saukuneebSi, imis Semdeg, rac dasavleT romis imperiaSi barbarosuli tomebis
Semosevebis Sedegad daeca ara mxolod saimperatoro, aramed adgilobrivi
administraciuli mmarTveloba, wesrigis centrebad da adgilebad iqcnen
saepiskoposoebi. episkoposTa miTiTebebsa da gankargulebebs emorCileboda
qaosur mdgomareobaSi myofi sazogadoeba, amitomac eklesiis xelSi aRmoCnda
ara mxolod saeklesio, aramed saxelmwifoebrivi, saero mmarTvelobac, Tavisi
sasamarTloebiTa da sxva funqciebiT. V-VIII ss-Si dasavleT romis imperiaSi
episkoposTa saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis gazrdam, cxadia, gazarda am
episkoposTa meTauris romis papis Zalmosileba.
es procesi, rogorc aRiniSna, ar iyo ucxo msoflio eklesiisaTvis
pirvel aTaswleulSi, maSin, roca msoflio eklesia jer kidev erTiani iyo da
dasavleT evropis eklesiac marTlmadideblurad iTvleboda. bizantiis
imperiaSi sxvagvari mdgomareoba iyo. aq imperatoris Zalaufleba ar
SezRudula, saxelmwifo moxeleebi srulad asrulebdnen TavianT funqciebs,
amgvar viTarebaSi eklesiac saxelmwifo zedamxedvelobis qveS myofi
sasuliero dawesebuleba iyo, romlis funqcia saxelmwifo interesebis
dacviT gamoixateboda.
rogori mdgomareoba iyo am mxriv saqarTveloSi, ras efuZneboda
Wyondideli episkoposis da sxva ramdenime episkoposis (maT Soris
mwignobarTuxucesis) saxelmwifoebrivi mmarTvelobis sadaveebTan misvla ara
mxolod miqael kaTalikosis dros, aramed manamdec da mis Semdegac?
es gamowveuli unda yofiliyo saqarTveloSi VII-VIII saukuneebSi saerosaxelmwifoebrivi xelisuflebis dasustebiT. Cans, CvenSi eklesia moqceula
iseve, rogorc moiqca eklesia dasavleT evropasa da somxeTSic msgavsi
viTarebis, e.i. saero xelisuflebis dasustebis dros. `eklesia TandaTanobiT
gadaiqca saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis organod. es gansakuTrebiT SesamCnevi

gaxda mas Semdeg, rodesac moxda romis imperiis dayofa or saxelmwifod:

dasavleT romis imperiad da aRmosavleT bizantiis imperiad (IV-V ss). da ai,
dasavleTSi, pirvel xanebSi imperiis xelisuflebis ararsebobis da barbarosi
germaneli tomebis batonobis periodSi, eklesiis mmarTvelni _ episkoposebi
da mitropolitebi _ rCebodnen kanonierebisa da wesrigis erTaderT
warmomadgenlebad qveyanaSi. romis saepiskoposo kaTedris mesveurni, romis
papebi, TandaTanobiT TavianT xelSi aerTianebdnen saeklesio da saero
saxelmwifo
xelisuflebas
da
gadaiqcnen
imperiis
xelisuflebisagan
damoukidebel mmarTvelebad. 752 wels papma zaqariam frankTa saxelmwifos
mefed akurTxa saxlTuxucesi pipini, romelmac romis imperias samflobelod
uboZa yvela is miwa, romlebic CamoerTva langobardebs. am aqtiT safuZveli
Caeyara papebis saero xelisuflebas (755 w.)... saimperatoro taxtis boZeba
romis papebis xelSi moeqca~266.
romis imperiis daSlis Semdgom saukuneebSi yofili imperiis dasavleTSi
ramdenime saxelmwifo Camoyalibda, romelTa saxelwodebebi da sazRvrebi
xSirad icvleboda, magram dasavleTSi arsebobda mxolod erTi saeklesio
xelisufleba _ romis papisa. aRmosavleTSi ki arsebobda erTi saxelmwifo
bizantia,
romelSic
arsebobdnen
erTmaneTisagan
administraciulad
damoukidebeli eklesiebi _ sapatriarqoebi (konstantinopolisa, aleqsandiisa,
antioqiisa, ierusalimisa da sxv.).
msgavsadve,
saqarTveloSi
VI-X
saukuneebSi
Camoyalibda
ramdenime
saxelmwifoebrivi erTeuli, romelTac moicavda sulierad erTiani qarTuli
eklesia Tavisi ori _ qarTlisa da afxazeTis _ sakaTalikosoTi.
rogorc mravalgzis aRvniSneT, VI saukuneSi qarTlSi moispo an Zalze
Sesustda saxelmwifo Zalaufleba. mematianeTa cnobiT, VII-VIII saukuneebSi
arabebi devnidnen vaxtang gorgasalis, e.w. `xosroian~ mefeTa STamomavlebs,
xolo bagrationebis xelisufleba jer kidev ar iyo ganmtkicebuli. mterma
mniSvnelovnad gaanadgura provinciaTa saero sammarTvelo aparati. am rTul
dros, rogorc Cans, CvenSic, iseve rogorc sxvagan, romelic ganxiluli iyo
zemoT, saeklesio-sasuliero mmarTveloba (kaTalikosi da episkoposebi)
gadaiqcnen kanonierebisa da wesrigis centrebad. es kargad Cans serapion
zarzmelis cxovrebidan, roca samcxeSi didi mTavrebi erTmaneTs waekidnen,
mawyverelma episkoposma SeZlo maTi damorCileba da saero xelisuflebis
xelSi aReba, man am qveynis mTeli `gangeba~ Tavis xelSi aiRo da Tavis
`sabrZaneblad~ aqcia. `mawyverelma meSfoTeTa adgil-mamulic TavisTvis
daitova~267.
rogorc Cans, qarTuli eklesia marTavda kaxeTs, `qorepiskoposis~
institutis saSualebiT, roca iq arc samefo da arc mTeli qveynis momcveli
xelisufleba ar arsebobda. rogorc cnobilia, wanarTa qorepiskoposma,
sasuliero pirma, Tavis xelSi aiRo saero xelisuflebac. `saero da
sasuliero xelisuflebis erTi piris xelSi gaerTianebis aseTi tradicia
ucxo ar aris saqarTvelos mTianeTis mosaxleobisaTvis~268. kaxeTSi
sasuliero piris _ qorepiskoposis xelT iyo saero mmarTvelobac IX
saukuneSic. Semdeg mis xelT, rogorc fiqroben, mxolod saero xelisufleba
darCenila.
qarTul
eklesias
Zala
da
gavlena
hqonda
TbilisSic
arabTa
mmarTvelobis dros. arabTa mier Sepyrobilma wmida konstanti-kaxma werilebi

miswera Tbilisis monastrebis berebsa da winamZRvrebs: `miwera wignebi

yovelTa mimarT meudabnoeTa qalaqisiTa da mamasaxlisiTa monasterisaTa~269.
Cans, arabTa Tbiliseli amira grZnobda Zalas qarTuli eklesiisa da
gadawyvita
tao-klarjeTSi
anCis
saepiskoposo
saydarze
Tavisi
270
warmomadgenlis, episkopos cqiris, daniSvna .
grigol xanZTelis cxovrebidan kargad Cans, rom eklesia Tavis
uflebamosilebas saero xelisuflebaze maRla ayenebda, hqonda kidec
avtoriteti da gavlena saero cxovrebaze, miT umetes, VII-VIII saukuneebSi,
roca araTu centraluri saero xelisufleba, kuTxeebSi feodaluri
samTavroebic ki ar arsebobda.
msgavsad kaxeTisa da samcxisa, VII-VIII saukuneebSi eklesia erT-erTi
mmarTveli Zala unda yofiliyo dasavleT saqarTveloSic, xosroian mefeTa
taxtis dacemis periodSi. marTalia, Wyondidis saepiskoposo daarsda meaTe
saukuneSi, magram am cnobili saepiskoposos winamorbedi fasisis saepiskoposo
mTel dasavleT saqarTveloSi erT-erTi yvelaze avtoritetuli unda
yofiliyo meaTe saukunemde da VII-VIII saukuneebSic, maSin, roca dasavleT
saqarTvelos
erT
nawilSi
saeklesio
iurisdiqcias
axorcielebda
konstantinopolis sapatriarqo. amas unda miuTiTebdes is, rom misi memkvidre
Wyondideli episkoposi atarebda bizantiur titulebs `svingelozi~ da
`protoupertimosi~
(aRsaniSnavia,
rom
bizantiis
imperatori
basili
porfirogeneti Tavis mier gacemul 980 wlis xrisobulaSi Tornike erisTavs
`svingelozis~ tituliT moixseniebs271). Wyondideli episkoposi jer kidev
manam, sanam mas `Wyondidelis~ saydari miecemoda (e.i. fasisis an sxva
romelime berZnuli eparqiis episkoposi dasavleT saqarTveloSi) mTel
mxareSi udidesi saero da saeklesio avtoritetis piri unda yofiliyo.
dasavleT saqarTveloSi VII-VIII ss-Si umefobisa da qaosis dros mis xelSi
did saerTo Zalauflebas unda moeyara Tavi, Cans, igi exmareboda qarTul
saero xelisuflebas afxazTa samefos Camoyalibebis saqmeSi, am samefos
daarsebis Semdeg ki, rac giorgi II-m (922-957) kaTedra martvilSi (WyondidSi)
gadaitana, mas kvlav SeunarCuna ara mxolod saeklesio, aramed saero
Zalauflebac afxazTa samefoSi. albaT am Tavisi didi saero da saeklesio
avtoritetis
gamo
daviT
aRmaSenebelma
Wyondideloba
SeuTavsa
mwignobarTuxucesobas da is daniSna Tavis vazirad. Wyondideli _ `vazirTa
upirvelesi~, e.i. saero mmarTveli iyo. xelmwifis karis garigebis Tanaxmad,
mwignobarT-uxuces-Wyondideli _ `viTa mama ars mefisa, agre yvela sauravi
uimisod ar iqnebis~, JamTaRmwerelis sityviT, `samefosa~ da `samefo saxlis~
gangebac mis xelT iyo, igi ganagebda saxelmwifoSi marTlmsajulebasac da
`saajo kars~ edga saTaveSi. mis gansagebelTa Soris samxedro saqmes
mniSvnelovani adgili ekava. aseve unda yofiliyo jer kidev afxazTa samefos
daarsebamdec VII-VIII ss-Si, am samefos daarsebisa da erTiani saqarTvelos
saxelmwifos Camoyalibebis Semdegac. Cans, amitomac iyo, rom laSqrobebi da
laSqris organizaciis sakiTxebi uimisod ar wydeboda. saeWvoa, rom es
ukanaskneli funqcia daviT aRmaSenebels mieniWebina episkoposisaTvis, Tuki am
saepiskoposos msgavsi qmedebis saukunovani tradicia ar gaaCnda.
qarTuli eklesia saero da sasuliero xelisuflebas garkveulwilad
flobda ara mxolod aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi `qorepiskoposis~

institutis meSveobiT, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSic, kerZod ki,

svaneTSi.
`wyaroebze
dakvirveba
gviCvenebs,
rom
saqarTvelos
saxelmwifos
dasustebisa da politikuri daqucmacebulobis Semdeg svaneTSi eklesiis
gavlena erTxans isev Zlieri yofila. amitom centraluri xelisuflebis
mxardaWeris gareSe darCenili adgilobrivi privilegirebuli wodebis
warmomadgenlebi eklesias etmasnebian, masTan gaerTiandnen (`SeyrilobaTa~
msgavsad), raTa qristianuli ideologiis ZaliT ecadaT xelisuflebis
Sesustebis kompensacia da Zalaufleba SeenarCu-nebinaT...~272.
ase yofila XIV-XV saukuneebSi, magram qorepiskoposis institutis qveS
saero-sasuliero xelisufleba moqceuli unda yofiliyo gacilebiT adrec,
jer kidev saqarTvelos gaerTianebamde. qorepikoposobis instituti svaneTSi
imave dros unda Camoyalibebuliyo, rodesac Camoyalibda igi kaxeTSi da
sxvagan. `rogorc T. papuaSvili da zogierTi sxva mkvlevari varaudobs,
qorepiskoposis
instituti
saqarTveloSi
Tavdapirvelad
ueWvelad
saberZneTidan Semovida, Tumca amis werilobiTi dadastureba yvelaze adre
VII-VIII ss. abasTumnis epigrafikul warweraSi mogvepoveba. am Zeglze
dayrdnobiT
T.
papuaSvili
daaskvnis,
rom
qorepiskopozi
samxreT
saqarTveloSi Tavdapirvelad sasuliero da saero xelisuflebiT iyo
aRWurvili~273.
svaneTi warmoadgenda cagereli da caiSeli episkoposebis samwysos, maT
svaneTSi hyavdaT TavianTi qorepiskoposebi, romelTa xelSi, rogorc aRiniSna,
saero xelisufleba moeqca garkveuli saxiT.
saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeTa msgavsad svaneTSi arsebobda saydrisSvilTa
instituti.
saydrisSvilebi,
Cans,
ewodebodaT
romelime
gavlenian
eklesiasTan gaerTianebuli privilegirebuli pirebis korporacias, romelTa
mimarT mefeebs garkveuli valdebuleba ekisrebaT2074.
`e.
xoStariam
yuradReba
gaamaxvila
imaze,
rom
`largvisis
saydrisSvilebi~,
`gergetis
saydrisSvilebi~,
`ruisis
saydrisSvilebi~,
agreTve svaneTis sinamdvileSi fiqsirebuli saydrisSvilebi (`mTavarmowamis
saydrisSvili~,
`setisa
mTavarmowamis
saydrisSvilebi~)
met-naklebad
privilegirebul da gabatonebul aznaurTa jgufs an mis calkeul
warmomadgenlebs gulisxmoben~275.
qarTuli eklesiis udides gavlenas saero cxovrebaze Tavisi asaxva
upovia qarTuli samarTlis ZeglebSic, `meore mefe episkoposia~, _ brZanebs
bagrat kurapalatis samarTali276.
rogorc aRiniSna, somxuri eklesia, ise, rogorc dasavleT evropis
eklesia, saxelmwifo xelisuflebis funqciebsac kisrulobda istoriis
garkveul etapebze, rac gamowveuli iyo samefo xelisuflebis sisustiT
Sesabamis dros, amas kargad xsnis arseni safareli somxuri eklesiis
istoriis gadmocemisas. saero-sasamarTlo funqciebsac somxeTSi arcTu
iSviaTad varTapetebi asrulebdnen, isini iyvnen rjulmdeblebi, maswavleblebi
da mosamarTleebi, rogorc es Cans mxiTar goSis samarTlis versiidan.
saqarTveloSic miiCneoda, rom `mefisa da kaTalikosis saqme _ orisave swori
aris~ (vaxtangis samarTlis wignis 25-e muxli).
rogorc mravaljer aRiniSna, bagratis samarTlis 102-e muxlSi naTqvamia,
rom `meore mefe episkopozi ariso~. saero da sasuliero xelisuflebis

Tanasworobis es principi, asaxulia vaxtang VI-is samarTlis wignis 25-e

muxlSi: `mefisa da kaTalikozis saqme ... orisave swori aris, amitom rome
erTi xorcis xelmwifea da meore sulis~277.
vaxtang VI-is mier gamocemuli berZnuli samarTlis 128-e muxlis mixedviT,
sasuliero pirebs ekrZalebodaT `eriskacTa saqmeSi gareva~, ar unda
aRezardaT maTi Svilebi, ar unda yofiliyvnen `gamgeni TavadTa saxlTani~, ar
unda yofiliyvnen soflis `moxeleni~, ar unda gareuliyvnen sxva msgavs
saqmeebSi. aseTi wesi ar eTanadeba saqarTveloSi ZvelTaganve miRebul wess.
CvenSi sasuliero pirebi araTu ereodnen saero saqmeebSi, aramed mas zogjer
marTavdnen kidec, rogorc es zemoT Cans. amitomac unda vifiqroT, rom
`samarTali berZnuli~ qarTulad gvian aris Targmnili, im dros, roca
qarTuli eklesiis Zala Sesustebuli iyo. bizantiasa da saqarTveloSi
eklesiaTa bunebrivi mdgomareoba gansxvavebuli iyo. ivane javaxiSvilis
azriT, `qarTuli eklesia Tavis weswyobilebis bevri TvisebiT ufro romis
saSualo saukuneebis eklesias miagavda, vidre erTmorwmune berZenTa da
rusTa eklesiebs278.
aq
igulisxmeba
ara
sarwmunoebrivi
msgavseba
dasavleT
evropis
eklesiasTan, aramed samarTlebrivi. isic unda aRiniSnos, rom jer kidev
vaxtang gorgaslamde episkoposi glonoqori daniSnuli iyo qarTlisa da
hereTis (albaneTis) erisTavad _ saero mmarTvelad, e.i. samRvdeloebis xelSi
saero
xelisuflebac
Tavmoyrili
iyo
sparsTa
nebiT,
IV-V
ss-Si.
mTavarepiskopos
miqaelis
xelSi
didi
Zalaufleba
unda
yofiliyo
Tavmoyrili, amitom gabeda man vaxtang gorgasalis Seuracxyofa. VII-VIII
saukuneTa umefobisas, rogorc aRiniSna, eklesiis xelSi didi saero
Zalaufleba gadavida. es unda yofiliyo, rogorc aRiniSna, Wyondideli
episkoposis avtoritetis uzomod gazrdis safuZveli. daviT aRmaSeneblis
dros umaRles samRvdeloTa xelSi moeqca mTavrobis marTva. sasuliero
pirTa (4 monazonis da misi aparatis) mier imarTeboda saxelmwifo, magram
imarTeboda ara romelime saeklesio dawesebulebidan, aramed `xelmwifis
karidan~. xelmwife uzenaesi mmarTveli, oTxi monazoni ki mTavrobis
upirvelesi wevrebi da meTaurebi iyvnen. maT Soris, kaTalikosebsa da
moZRvarT-moZRvarTan erTad mwignobarTuxucesi Wyondidelic iyo. am `oTx
monazons~ Soris Zalaufleba ganawilebuli iyo, magram rodesac Tamaris
dros miqael kaTalikosis xelSi gaerTianda Wyondideloba da mwignobarTuxucesoba, aRmoCnda, rom mas saxelmwifoSi udidesi Zalaufleba epyra xelT
da mefis avtoritetsac ki CrdilSi aqcevda.
rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, saeklesio wreebSi miCneuli yofila, rom miqael
kaTalikosis mtacebloba saeklesio kanonebis darRvevas warmoadgenda.
SesaZloa, daviT aRmaSenebelis dros, rodesac Camoyalibda saqveyno saqmeebis
sasuliero pirTa mier mmarTvelobis wesi, dadgenili iyo, rom sxvadasxva
saxelo sxvadasxva pirs unda emarTa. erTi piris xelSi saxeloTa gaerTianeba
saeklesio wesis darRvevad miuCneviaT _ miqaelmao, wers mematiane, _ `winaukmo
rame iwyo wesisagan eklesiisaTa da Wyondidel-mawyvereloba da mwignobarTuxucesoba moeveraga uflisagan~279. sagangebod mowveulma saeklesio krebam
ganixila es sakiTxi, magram miqaeli `vera ganayenes, daRacaTu friad iRuawes,
... xolo sxvani vinme episkoposni Seicvalnes da maT wil saRmrToni kacni
dasxnes da sxvani saeklesioni wesni ganmarTnes udebTa mier daxsnilni~280.

gamarjvebulma miqaelma, romelic misi sakiTxis ganxilvamde krebaze arc

ki dauSves, axla krebis warmarTva ineba da sul sxva mimarTuleba misca mas.
Tavidan miqaelis sakiTxi SedarebiT viwro, mxolod sasuliero pirTa wreSi
ganuxilavT, amitomac krebas mxolod isini eswrebodnen. sakiTxis ganxilvis
periodSi krebas TandaTanobiT Sematebian sxvadasxva kuTxidan Camosuli
wevrebi, male maT umaRlesi saero pirebic Sematebian: `aRivseboda ra kreba,
Semovides yovelni spasalarni da erisTavni samefosani da moaxsenes mamaTa,
raTa zogadad iRuawon Semoyvanebad siZisa TamarisaTvis, romelica yvesca~281.
`qarTlis cxovrebis~ sxva xelnaweris mixedviT _ `maSin Sekrbes yovelni
amis samefosa didebulni, spasalarni da erisTavni winaSe patriarqisa da
episkoposTa da moaxsenes mamaTa, raTa zogad iRuawon yovelTa Semoyvanebad
siZisa TamarisaTvis~282.
Tamaris meore istorikosis mixedviT, saeklesio krebas uRvawia Tamaris
saqmros
moyvanisaTvis.
pirvel
rigSi,
siZe-mefe
unda
yofiliyo
marTlmadidebeli, albaT, imJamindeli viTarebis gaTvaliswinebiT siZe
CrdiloeTis
qveynidan
unda
yofiliyo.
Cans,
saqarTvelos
Tavisi
siZlierisaTvis imJamad esaWiroeboda Crdilo mxareTa Tavisi gavlenis qveS
moqceva an gaerTguleba. orive siZe, Tamaris orive qmari CrdiloeTidan iyo
isini marTlmadideblebi iyvnen. bizantiuri wesiT mefisaTvis sadedoflos
SerCevis
ufleba
hqonda
didebulTa
krebas.
bizantiis
ukanaskneli
imperatorisaTvis veneciaSi gamzadebuli sacole didebulebma daiwunes da
mefes urCies amoerCia sadedofle trapizonis imperiidan an saqarTvelodan _
marTlmadidebeli. Cans, saukuneebiT adre aseve moqceulan saqarTvelos
saeklesio
krebaze
Sesuli
didebulebic.
`ganzraxviTa
yovelTaTa
waravlines
kaci
vinme
rusTa
samefod
qristianobisa
da
marTlmadideblobisaTvis maT naTesavisa~212.
vaxtangis Semdegdroindeli `qarTlis cxovrebis~ mixedviT, saeklesio
krebas mohyolia warmoCena politikuri sakiTxebisa, kerZod, ganuxilavT
didebulTa moTxovna yubasaris Sesaxeb, Semdeg ki yuTlu-arslanis dasis mier
wamoyenebuli moTxovnebi.
`xolo aRivseboda ra kreba da aRdges wmidani mamani, kualad mefe Tamar
moeqca sauravTa da gansagebelTa samefosa TvisisaTa, maSin iwyes ZueliTgan
Cuelebisamebr
kacTa
daudgromlobisa
saqme
da
didebulTa
vieTme
xelisufalTa
yves
fici
esreT
viTarmed
`aRar
vegebiT
ZvelTa
283
xelisufalTa...~ .
amirspasalari da mandaturTuxucesi yubasari filenjis senis gamo
paralizebuli iyo. didebulTa moTxovnis gamo Tamarmma is gadaayena kidec.
laSqris `nebiTa da TneviT~ `moiSala da daemxo~ msaxurTuxucesi
afridoni.
yuTlu-arslanma moiTxova xelmwifis kars CamorTmeoda da `karvisaTvis~
gadaecaT gangeba `micemisa da miRebisa, wyalobisa da Serisxvisani~284. es
`gangeba~ imJamad ori pirveli piris _ Tamarisa da miqaelis xelSi iyo.
rogorc Cans, yuTlu-arslanis moTxovna ufro Wyondidel-mwignobarTuxucesis
saxelos damxobisaken iyo mimarTuli.
rogorc ivane javaxiSvils aqvs garkveuli, `eklesias saqarTveloSi Tavisi
droSa da sakuTari jari hyavda, Tavisi ymebi da saxelmwifo marTva-gamgeobis
wesebze mowyobili moxeloba moepoveboda, Tavisi ekonomiuri politika hqonda

da
Tavisive
samarTali,
amitom
qarTul
eklesias
bevris
mxriT
saxelmwifoebrivi sxeulis Tvisebebi etyoboda~285.
sigel-gujarTa SeswavliT mecnierma gamoikvlia, rom saqarTvelos
kaTalikos-patriarqs hqonia ufleba sakuTari jaris yolisa, sakuTari
sardlis meTaurobiT igi laSqar-nadirobaSi gancalkevebuli saxelmwifo
erTeulis saxiT monawileobda. es kargad Cans 1362 wliT daTariRebuli
aleqsandre mefis sigelidan286. msgavsi uflebis Semcvelia 1772 wlis daviT
kaxTa mefis gujari rusTvelisadmi. iv. javaxiSvili fiqrobs, rom daviT
aRmaSeneblisa da Tamaris dros omebsa da brZolebSi kaTalikoss Tavis jaris
calke sardali ar hyolia, magram, rogorc cnobilia, qvemo qarTlis
TurqTagan daWerili cixeebi daviT aRmaSeneblis dros Wyondidelma
episkoposma aiRo.
rogorc iTqva, amirspasalar yubasaris avadmyofobis gamo, Cans, miqael
kaTalikosis xelSi ara mxolod Wyondidel-mwignobarTuxucesoba, aramed
laSqris, spis gansagebelic yofila moqceuli. etyoba amitomac didebulTa
moTxovniT yubasars CamoerTva amirspasalaroba da mis nacvlad sxva iqna
daniSnuli. amiT miqaelis Zalaufleba Semcirda.
`yovelgvari cilisa da xangrZlivi gamoZiebis miuxedavad, saeklesio
krebis monawileebma kaTalikosis moqmedebaSi veraferi iseTi saeklesio
xasiaTis danaSauleba ver aRmoaCines, rom misi gadayenebisaTvis kanonieri
safuZveli yofiliyo. amitom saeklesio krebam miqaelis gadayenebis dasturi
Tamarsa da mTavrobas ar misca~287. miqaels darCa mwignobarTuxucesobaWyondidelobac sikvdilamde. kaTalikos-patriarqi miqaeli krebidan ramdenime
wlis Semdeg gardaicvala.

12. saeklesio Sekrebani daviT aRmaSeneblisa da Tamaris karze

(kamaTi monofizitebTan)
XII s-is saqarTvelos sazRvrebs SigniT moeqca, e.w. `somexTa~ da `anisis~
samefoebi. `somexTa samefos~ uwodebdnen yofil taSir-Zoraketis samefos,
romlis mosaxleobis umetes nawils qarTvelebi Seadgendnen, radganac es
samefo moicavda qvemo qarTls: teritorias Tbilisidan taSirisa da abocis
CaTvliT. rogorc iTqva, am miwa-wylis ZiriTad mosaxleobas Seadgenda
qarTveloba, arabTa batonobis dros arabTa xelSewyobiT gaZlierebulma
somexma feodalebma SeZles xelSi CaegdoT
saqarTvelos es mxare meaTe
saukuneSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom cota ufro adre somexma feodalebma (aznaurebma)
SeZles albaneTis zogierTi kuTxis xelSi Cagdeba. somexi mmarTvelebis
batonobis gamo qarTlis am nawils `somexTa samefo~ ewoda. samefoSi
mcxovrebi mkvidri qarTuli mosaxleoba, iqamde samwyso qarTuli eklesiisa,
TandaTanobiT somxuri eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi eqceoda gamonofizitebis
gziT.
taSir-Zoraketis
samefo
Turq-seljukebisagan
gaaTavisufla
daviT
aRmaSenebelma Wyondideli episkoposis monawileobiT, 1088-1122 wlebSi.

qarTulma
eklesiam,
cxadia,
daiwyo
zrunva
mkvidri
qarTvelebis
dedaeklesiaSi dasabruneblad, maTi kvlav gaqalkedonitebisaTvis (somex
mefeTa mmarTvelobis dros qvemo qarTlis mTlian mkvidr qarTul
mosaxleobas ar uaruyvia marTlmadidebluri-qalkedonuri sarwmunoeba da
dedaeklesia). anisis somexTa samefoSic mravali eTnikuri warmoSobiT
qarTveli cxovrobda, im droisaTvis ukve gamonofizitebuli, romelTac
saqarTvelos gaZlierebis da anisis TurqTagan gaTavisuflebis Semdeg
gauCndaT survili dedaeklesiis wiaRSi dabrunebisa. yovelive es (dava
samwysosaTvis) amZafrebda urTierTobas qarTul da somxur eklesiebs Soris,
aRZravda rjulis mcodneebs umaRlesi msajulis _ saqarTvelis mefis karze
emtkicebinaT TavianTi sarwmunoebis WeSmariteba.
daviT aRmaSeneblis istorikosis Tanaxmad, mefis karze aseTi paeqrobakamaTi marTlac gamarTula. daviT aRmaSenebels `somexTa mefe~ da SahanSa
(anisis mefe) ewodeboda, magram mas qarTvel-somexTa sarwmunoebriv kamaTisas
qarTuli sarwmunoeba daucavs, Tumca ki daviT aRmaSenebeli, rogorc
cnobilia, somexTa mfarvelic iyo. `q. anisis mahmadianTa batonobisagan
gaTavisufleba daviT aRmaSenebels didis ambiT udResaswaulia. maTe
urhaelis sityviT, rodesac saqarTvelos mefem mefeTa sajdomi qalaqi anisi,
romelic samocis wlis ganmavlobaSi monobaSi iyo da anisis saxelovani didi
da wmida kaTolike eklesia, romelic mizgiTad iyo qceuli, gaaTavisufla,
maSin somexTa episkoposni da xucesni da moweseni Sekriba da akurTxa wmida
kaTolike didi zeimiTa~288. qarTuli wyaros cnobiT, es momxdara 1123 wels. k.
kekeliZis azriT, am dros unda momxdariyo qarTvel da somex sasuliero
pirTa paeqroba289.
mematiane wers: `Semokrba odesme winaSe mefisa naTesavni gularZnilni,
yovlad borotTa somexTa episkoposebi da monasterTa maTTa winamZRvrebi
mravali friad... da moaxsenes raTamca yo brZanebiTa misiTa kreba da yvesmca
sityvis-geba da gamoZieba sjulisa: ukeTu iZlivnen somexni iqmnen TanaerTxma
sjulisa da Tvisi sjuli SeaCvenon, xolo ukeTu sZlon somexTa, esoden
miemadlos, raTa arRara gviwoddeTo mwvaleblad da arca SegvaCvenebdeT~290.
marTlac, mefes ubrZanebia krebis mowveva albaT, TbilisSi. `mouwoda
mefemanca ioanes, kaTalikossa qarTlisasa da mis queSeTa episkoposTa da
meudabnoeTa da arsenis iyalToelsa, Targmansa da mecniersa berZenTa da
qarTvelTa enaTasa da ganmanaTlebelsa yovelTa eklesiaTaTa da sxva
mecnierTa da brZen kacTa~291.
marTlac, kreba warmomadgenlobiTi yofila. didxansac gagrZelebula
paeqroba _ ciskridan `cxra Jamamde~, e.i. daaxloebiT dilis 6-7 saaTidan
saRamos 6-7 saaTamde, magram ver dauboloebiaT, `veras uZles daboloebad~.
mizezi amisa yofila orive mxaris `orkerZove Zlevis moyvareba oden da cud
sityvaTa
paeqroba,
rameTu
Sevidian
SeuvalTa
saqmeTa
da
Zniad
290
gamosavalTa~ .
saboloo sityva mefem warmoTqva, igi mimarTuli iyo somexTa mimarT: `iwyo
maTda sityuaTa Tqmad, romelsa RmerTi moscemda ueWvelad pirsa missa,
esodenTa igavTa da saxeTa winadaudgeboda, axsnaTa sakvirvelTa mier
winadaudgromelTa da ucilobelTa, romliTa daanTqna, viTarca megviptelni
da dauyo piri maTi da upasuxo yvna da yovlad usityvel, viTarca odesme
didman basili aTinas Sina. ese mwvalebelni da esoden zargaxdil yvna da

yovlad uRono, romelTa aRiares cxadad Zleuleba Tvisi amisaTa oden

metyvelTa viTarmed: `Cven, mefeo, mowafe gvegone amaT moZRvarTa TqvenTa,
garna viTar vxedavT, Sen same xar moZRvari-moZRvarTa, romlisa brWalsa ver
mimwuTar arian ege moZRvar sagonebelni Tqvenni~292. am sityvebiT somexma
RvTismetyvelebma daamcires qarTveli rjulismoZRvrebi, romelTac ara
`moZRvrebi~, aramed `moZRvarsagonebelni~, viTom moZRvrebi uwodes. aseTi
Sefaseba calmxrivi rom iyo, iqidanac Cans, rom krebaSi monawileobda TviT
arsen iyalToeli, romelsac iqamde Targmnili hqonda dogmatikur-polemikuri
Txzulebani
(`dogmatikoni~).
masSi
Sesul
31
polemikuri
xasiaTis
TxzulebaTagan 6 iakobitTa, monofizitTa, xolo sami somxuri eklesiis
`somexTa~ winaaRmdeg iyo mimarTuli293. SemdgomSi igi somxur enazec
uTargmniaT iqamde somxuri eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi moqceuli, somxurenovani,
anda somxuri ganaTlebis mqone qarTvelebisaTvis. es rom asea, iqidanac Cans,
rom somxurad uTargmniaT `evstaTi nikielis Sroma somexTa SeCveneba~, ara
mgonia eTnikuri warmoSobiT somxebis, Tundac qalkedonitebisaTvis eTargmnaT
`somexT SeCveneba~. uTargmniaT aseve `Tavni somexTa wvalebisani ocdaaTni~294
da sxv.
rogorc mematiane aRniSnavs, daviT aRmaSenebels uSualo monawileoba
miuRia qarTul-somxur paeqrobaSi da, cxadia, erovnuli eklesiis poziciebi
daucavs,
saqarTvelos
mefis
karze
sxva
drosac
gaimarTa
kamaTi
sarwmunoebriv sakiTxebze. es momxdara Tamar mefis dros.
mematiane wers: `movides Zmani orni mefis winaSe msaxurebad, Zeni sargis
amirspasalarisani, romelni mas Jamsa didad gandidebulni iyvnes mefisa mier:
zaqaria amirspasalari da ivane msaxurT-uxucesi. yovelni mkvidrni mefis
winaSe iyvnes: kaTalikosi ioane, sulmoberuli, kaci angelozTa mosagre, da
mcireni episkoposni da sxvanica saqarTvelos warCinebulni Sekrebul
iyvnes~295. mefis sasaxleSi arsebul eklesiaSi qarTvel kaTalikoss
Jamiswirva (liturRia) aRusrulebia, wirvis damTavrebis Semdeg yvelani iq
myofni misulan sefiskveris SesaWmelad, maT Soris amirspasalari zaqaria.
misTvis mRvdlebs ar miuciaT sefiskveri, `rameTu iyo sarwmunoebiT
somexi~295. es uTakilnia zaqarias `da sircxviliTa ikadra aRtacebad
sefiskverisa SeWmad~295. amas Zalze gaujavrebia qarTlis kaTalikosi, igi
`cecxlebr aRtyinebuli~ amxilebda zaqarias. Seuracxyofili zaqaria mefis
sasaxleSi vaxSmobisas sajarod `sityuiTa hgmobda sarwmunoebasa Cvensa~295.
kaTalikosi ki, romelic iq iyo, `miugebda da auxsnida, winaaRmdgomad ver
SemZlebeli zaqaria ityoda: `me melaSqre var, ver keTilad mecnieri var
sityvis-gebad Senda, aramed mouwodo moZRvarTa sarwmunoebisa Cvenisasa, raTa
Cem wil sircxvileul gyon~, marTlac, `zaqaria waravlina kacni kaTalikosisa
mimarT maTisa Tanada episkoposTa, yovelTa vardapetTa da mecnierTa~295,
Camosula `kaTalikosi vanisa da yoveli vardapetni~.
saqarTvelos dedaqalaqSi, samefo karze `daidga samsjavro da dajda
dedofali, dedoflisa mosavi, daviT mefe da warCinebulni saqarTvelosani
erT-kerZo, mxargrZeli zaqaria da ivane erT-kerZo, mouwodes kaTalikossa
ioanes~296, daiwyo paeqroba. unda vifiqroT, rom es paeqroba sarwmunoebriv
momentTan erTad Seicavda politikurs da gamotaxuleba iyo samefo karze,
saqarTvelos mTavrobaSi, arsebuli winaaRmdegobisa `oTx monazonTa~ da

mxargrZelTa Soris, anu qarTvel umaRles sasuliero pirTa (kaTalikosWyondidelisa) da amirspasalar-vezirTa Soris (mandaturTuxucesoba, `karis
garigebis~
Tanaxmad,
mxargrZelTa
`SanSeTa
saxlis~
xelSi
iyo,
msaxurTuxucesoba ivane mxargrZelis xelSi iyo).
paeqrobisas `viTar uwyiT, somexTa sityvamisveobisa, Zlieri RaRadi
aRuteves, cilobisa swori Zleva iqmneboda~296. qarTvelma kaTalikosma
somxebs mimarTa grZeli sityviT, romelsac gadmogvcems `istoriani da azmani
SaravandedTanis~ avtori. sityvis bolos uTxra somxebs: _ `Tu sarwmunoeba
Tqveni umjobes _ sadme ars Tqven mier Seicvalebis puri xorcad uflisad,
Tu Cveni umjobes ars Cven mier mRvdelmoqmedebuli Seicvalebis xorcad
uflisad~297. Semdeg mokamaTe mxareebs gadauwyvetiaT `saqmiT gamoeCinaT~, YTu
romelTa mier Sewiruli wmida msxverpli gadaiqceoda liturgiisas wmida
xorcad uflisa. Semdeg es ucnauri xerxiT SeumowmebiaT, kerZod, orive
mxares sami dRiT ZaRlebi daumSeviaT, Semdeg ki maT win daudgamT wmida
ZRveni. qarTvelTa Senawirs mSieri ZaRli ar gahkarebia, somexTa Senawiri ki
ZaRls SeuWamia. gamarjvebiT gaxarebuli qarTveli kaTalikosi Sesula
laSqarSi, romelTa meTauri amirspasalari _ damarcxda am ucnauri
paeqrobisas. `esreT mxiaruliTa piriTa movles yoveli banaki. somexTa
viTarca myvari utbo, egreT dges uxmod, qveyanad mxedveli, viTarca odesme
mRvdelni astartesni~.
ivane mxargrZels amis Semdeg gadauwyvetia monaTvla, igi monaTlula
ioane kaTalikozis dros. masTan erTad sxva somxebic monaTlulan. aqve unda
aRiniSnos, rom mxargrZelebs TavianTi Tavi eTnikuri warmoSobiT miaCndaT
ara somxebad, aramed sparselebad, artaqserqses STamomavlebad. wyaroze
dayrdnobiT (vardani) mecnierebi maT qurTebad miiCneven, yovel SemTxvevaSi
isini iyvnen ara somxebi, aramed `sarwmunoebiT somxebi~, rogorc mematiane
uwodebs. isini `somxebad~ miiCneodnen somxuri eklesiis wevrobis gamo.
aseTive warmoSobis `somxebi~, anu `sarwmunoebiT somxebi~ (eTnikuri
warmoSobiT ki qarTvelebi) mravlad cxovrobdnen taosa da samxreT
saqarTveloSi, qvemo qarTlsa da hereTSi. magaliTad, grigol bakurianis Zis
anderZis Tanaxmad, mis naTesavTa anda msaxurTa Soris yofilan `sarwmunoebiT
somexni~, `vinaica menebos, naTesavTa CemTa da msaxurTa CemTa, rameTu somexni
iyvnen sarwmunoebiTa~298. swored aseTi `sarwmunoebiT somexi~, eTnikuri
warmoSobiT ki qarTuli mosaxleoba tovebda somxuri eklesiis wiaRs da
ubrundeboda dedaqarTul eklesias.
unda iTqvas, rom zemoaRniSnul ucnaur kamaTSi Tamar mefe ar Careula.
mas agreTve ar unebebia, rom am Sekrebas `saeklesio kreba~ wodeboda, ufro
sworad, mas ar ubrZanebia saeklesio krebis mowveva. `mciredni iyvnes mun
episkoposni, rameTu ara kreba eyo mefesa~299.
13. anisis Sekreba (1218 w.)
erTi saeklesio Sekreba mowveul iqna qalaq anisSi, saqarTvelos mefis
brZanebiT. somxeTSi daviT aRmaSeneblamdec arsebobda qarTuli eklesiis
mrevli, es mrevli iseTi mravalricxovani da Zlieri iyo, rom maT TavianTi
saepiskoposoebic hqondaT. es ukanasknelni, cxadia, Sediodnen qarTuli

eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi. Cvens Zvel sabuTebSi Semonaxulia somxeTis

zogierTi qarTveli episkoposis saxeli samwysos Sesabamisad. esenia:
`mitropoliti somxeTisa~, `aneli~, `kareli~, `valaSkerteli~, `dadaSneli~,
amaT garda, arsebobda CvenTvis ucnobi saepikoposoebic.
rogor moxvda qarTuli mosaxleoba somxeTSi? somxeTi saerTaSoriso
savaWro gzebze mdebareobda. monRolebis Semosevamde es savaWro gzebi
bizantiasa da evropas aerTebda aRmosavlur bazarTan saqarTvelosa da
somxeTze gavliT. mxolod monRolebis dros, CrdiloeTis `oqros urdosagan~
dacvis mizniT, samxreTis urdos es gzebi jer Cauketavs, Semdgom ki ufro
samxreTiT gadauwevia. somxeTi monRolebamde zemoaRniSnul da sxva mizezTa
gamo ekonomikurad Zlier, ayvavebul qveyanas warmoadgenda. mis savaWro da
administraciul centrebSi qarTvelebic cxovrobdnen. Crdilo somxeTis
periferiebSi ki qarTvelebi mkvidr mosaxleobas warmoadgendnen. saqme is iyo,
rom IX-X saukuneebSi gaZlierda da aRdga somxeTis erTiani samefo, romelmac
SeZlo im droisaTvis daSlili saqarTvelos mravali mxaris Tavis
SemadgenlobaSi Seyvana, cxadia, qarTuli mosaxleobiT. magaliTad, yarsis, anu
karis, dadaSnisa da valaSkertis qarTuli saepiskoposoebi qarTuli
mosaxleobiT dasaxlebul miwebze mdebareobdnen. es qarTuli mosaxleoba VIX saukuneebSi jer sparsTa, Semdgom bizantielTa da arabTa mier somxuri
eklesiis uzomod gaZlierebis gamo gadaiqca mrevlad somxuri eklesiisa. es
procesi qarTul eklesias uyuradRebod ar dautovebia, Sesaferisi momentis
dadgomisTanave daaarsa am mxareSi qarTuli saepiskoposoebi, riTac mkvidri
qarTuli mosaxleobis nawili gadaarCina gasomxebis aSkara safrTxes.
amitomac unda iTqvas, rom samxreT saqarTveloSi ara somxuri mosaxleoba
`qarTveldeboda~ qalkedonitobis miRebiT da qarTuli eklesiis mrevlad
gadaqceviT, aramed ZvelqarTuli mosaxleoba, iqamde nawilobriv armenizebuli
somxuri
eklesiis
mrevlad
gadaqcevis
gamo,
politikuri
klimatis
SecvlisTanave daubrunda mSobliur qarTuli eklesiis wiaRs.
anisSic mravalricxovani qarTveli mosaxleoba cxovrobda Tavisi
qarTuli eklesiebiTa da saepiskoposoTi. mraval axal eklesiasac aSenebdnen
XIII saukunis dasawyisSi. am axali eklesiebis sakurTxeblad da aniseli
morwmuneebis saqmeTa Sesaswavlad mcxeTidan somxeTis yofil dedaqalaqSi
Casula saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi etifane. mas 1218 wels ganuxilavs
anisis samRvdeloTa da mrevls Soris wamoWrili sadavo sakiTxi. radganac es
sakiTxi saeklesio iyo da uSualod exeboda sasuliero pirebs, unda
vifiqroT, rom Sedga sagangebo kreba samRvdeloebisa, romelSic patriarqTan
erTad misi Tanmxlebi da adgilobrivi, agreTve sxva sasuliero pirebi,
monawileobdnen, amitomac unda vifiqroT, rom 1218 wels anisSi Catarda
saeklesio Sekreba, romlis ganaCeni Tavis xelmoweriT daamtkica saqarTvelos
patriarqma da Tavis saxeliT sajarod gamoaqveyna igi, amoakveTina erT-erTi
qarTuli eklesiis kedelze.
1910 wlis zafxulSi anisis gaTxrebis dros niko mars upovia, qvebze
amoWrili qarTuli asomTavruli didi warwera. `mkvidrno amis qalaqisano
qarTvelno!~ _ mimarTavs patriarqi anisis qarTul samwysos, n. marisa da sxva
zogierTi mecnieris azriT, es `qarTvelebi~ Turme sinamdvileSi qarTvelebi
ar yofilan, aramed somxebi, oRond marTlmadideblebi. rogorc sxvaganac
mravalgzis aRiniSna, aseTi midgoma araTu arasworia, aramed araeTikuricaa,
radganac Seuracxyofs imJamindeli aniseli qarTveli qristianebis sulebsa

da xsovnas. es `qarTvelebi~ iyvnen ara `qalkedoniti somxebi~, anda

`qalkedoniani somxebi~, aramed namdvili qarTvelebi, rogorc eTnikurad, ise
kulturuli TvalsazrisiT. isini qarTvelebi rom ar yofiliyvnen eTnikurad
da mxolod konfesiuri kuTvnilebis TvalsazrisiT yofiliyvnen qarTuli
eklesiis wevrebi, maT Sesaxeb aRniSnavdnen kidec, rom isini arian
`sarwmunoebiT qarTvelebi~, Tumca ki aseTi termini xelovnuria da arc
gvxvdeba Zvel ZeglebSi, maSin, roca termini `sarwmunoebiT somexi~
mravalgzis gvxvdeba.
1218 wlamde odnav adre, rogorc ivane javaxiSvilma gamoikvlia, anisis
qarTvel xucesebs gaudidebiaT is misacemeli, rac maT ekuTvnodaT saeklesio
wesebis Sesrulebis Semdeg. isini gvirgvinis kurTxevisa da micvalebulis
wesis agebisaTvis 100 dramas Txoulobdnen. gaudidebiaT sxva misacemelic.
amas gaumwvavebia urTierToba samwysosa da samRvdeloTa Soris. 1218 wels,
roca etifane kaTalikosi anisSi CabrZanebula, qarTuli eklesiebis
sakurTxevlad `safiqrebelia, rom piradad TviT kaTalikoss anisSi Casvlis
miznad imdenad axali eklesiebis kurTxeva ar hqonia, ramdenadac am atexili
uTanxmoebis garCeva da mogvareba~300.
etifane kaTalikoss, rogorc aRiniSna, gamoukvlevia sakiTxi da ganCinebac
miuRia: `ityvis xmai saRmrToi: usasyidlod migiRebies, usasyidloT
miscemdiT~, mimarTavs igi anel xucesebs. `ara getyviT ukvdavi RmerTi: ra
momeciT me im madlis safasurad, rac Cemgan miiReT? Tu Cemgan usasyidloT
miiReT, arc Tqven unda gayidoT locva eris mimarT~.
`aw, sasono Cemno anelno xucesno, nu iqnebiT dasabrkolebel sityuaT da
nuca gardaxdebiT mociqulT mcenebasa, cudisa da warmavalisaTvis~301 _
daariga patrirqma erTi mxare _ samRvdeloeba, magram iqve mimarTa meore
mxares mrevls: `mkuidrno amis qalaqisano qarTvelno, romelica ... igi
pirvelad didad pativ cemdiT, mRvdelTagan gixms locvai da wirvai, nu
gewyinebis maTTvis Zalisaebri misacemeli. ufrosad mxiarulebiT miscemdiT,
Tvinier daWirvebisa, `rameTu mxiarulebiT misacemeli uyvars ufalsa~ da
Tqven giyvarden viTarca mamani sulierni da maT uyvardiT viTarca Svilni
sulierni. locvasa nurc Tqven daakldebiT da nuca Tqven, yovelsa zeda
ufrosad saRmrToi igi siyvaruli erTmaneTisai moigeT, da amiT mieciT
sasurvo saRmrToTa mcnebaTa~301.
etifane kaTalikoss da masTan erTad saeklesio krebasac daudgeniaT
misacemelis odenobis samjer Semcireba302. es 33 tfilur dramaze cota meti
yofila. gardacvlilis ojaxidan xucess SeeZlo kidev waeRo erTi Solti
Zroxis tyavi. es misacemeli mTel saqarTveloSi wesad yofila dadgenili303.
etifane netar kaTalikoss anisel qarTvelTa saqme keTilad mougvarebia
da, cxadia, axal qarTul eklesiaTa kurTxeviT saRmrTo madls gadascemda
qarTul savaneebs somxeTSi.

[dawerili etifane kaTalikozisa anel xucesTa sargos ganwesebis Sesaxeb]

[1218 w.]
[sruli teqsti]
ityuis mai saRmrTo: `usasyidlod migiRies, usasyidlod miscemdiT~. ese
igi ars, getyus RmerTi ukvdavi: Cem-da ra-me gicemies madlisa misTuis,
romeli Cemgan miiReT? Tquenca hyiddiT didsa madlsa Cemgan usyidulsa ukeTu
me usasyidlod momicemies, arca Tquengan jer-ars syida locvaTa erisa
mimarT.
aw, sasono Cemo anelno xucesno, nu iqnebiT dasabrkolebel sityuaT da
nuca gardadebiT mociqulT mcnebasa, cudisa da warmavalisaTu[i]s.
yovlad uwys[o] ars aReba Tquenganca gu[i]rgu[i]nTa kurTxevisaTu[i]s
asisa dramisa... [a]rsT Zali edvas, puri aWamos.
egreTve mkudrisaTu[i]s, romeli Wirs... ufro SesWirdebis misisa sulisa.
egdenive asissa tfilurisa mieces da... puri aWamos da sxua waReba
Zalisaebrad. yovelive misacemeli mR[delTa ubrkol]ebeli iyvn Tquenda
mosacemelad.
mku[i]drno amis qalaqisano qarTvelno, r...ca... [igi] pirvelad didad pativcemdiT, mRdelTagan gims locva da wirva. nu gewyinebis maTTu[i]s
Za[li]saebri misacemeli. ufrosad mxiarulebiT miscemdiT, Tunier daWirebisa,
rameTu `mxia[r]ulebiT misacemeli uy[u]ars ufalsa~.
da Tquen giyuarden viTarca mamani sulierni da maT uyuardiT v[iTarca]
Svilni sulierni.
locvasa nuca Tquen daakldebiT da nuca Tquen. yovelsa zeda ufrosad
saRmrTo [igi] siyuaruli erTmeneTisa moigeT da amiT mieciT sasurvo
saRmrToTa mcnebaTa.
ese me, etifanes kaTolikozsa CemiTa eliTa damiweria, odes anis[s]
eklesiani vakurTxen.
tfiluri asi drama igi iyos: dangi erTi g mieces da zroxis tyavi, romel
erTob wagiRia aqamdis, aw sawiravadve miscemdiT Tu[i]To Solts.
da Cuen saeklesioTa wesTagan rad SevicvalebiT? vinca ese Cemi ga[ge]buli
Secvalos, ar... brZaneba RmrTisagan da misTa wmidaTagan qoronikonsa lh304.
14. SiomRvimis saeklesio kreba
(XIII s. 40-iani wlebi)

(ganCineba saeklesio krebisa SiomRvimis Seuvalobis Sesaxeb)

XIII saukunis 40-ian wlebSi Semdgara saeklesio kreba, romelsac
ganuxilavs SiomRvimis sakiTxi, amitomac
SeiZleba pirobiTad am krebas
`SiomRvimisa~ vuwodoT. mTavarepiskoposi saba moixseniebs am krebas da
amtkicebs krebis ganCinebas, igi wers: `viTa wmidasa krebasa da wmidasa
mamamTavarsa Cuensa arsenis qristes mier qarTlisa kaTalikossa ganuCenia
bWobiTa da didiTa mamamTavarTa da moZRuarTa CuenTa xeliT-werilni...
daumtkicebian, meca glaxaki: qarTlis mTavarepiskoposi saba xelis weriT
vamtkiceb~305.
krebis gadawyvetileba ganCinebis saxiT Camouyalibebia arsen kaTalikozs,
romelsac kanonis Zala miecemoda sxvadasxva saero da sasuliero pirTa
`damtkicebis~ Semdeg.
SiomRvimes saqarTvelos monasterTa Soris gansakuTrebuli adgili eWira
imiT,
rom
misi
sameurneo
sistema
damoukidebuli
iyo
qarTlis
sakaTalikososagan. amiT gamoixateboda misi gansakuTrebuloba, sulierad ki,
cxadia, qarTuli eklesiis nawils warmoadgenda da mis yovel `sulier saqmes~
ganagebda saqarTvelos sapatriarqos mRvdelmTavari, romelsac agreTve
mwignobarTuxucesi vaziris wodeba hqonda xelmwifis karze.
arseni kaTalikosi krebis xsenebul ganCinebaSi wers: `viTa didsa da
mefeTa Soris sanatrelsa daviTs eneba... mwignobarTuxucesi vaziri monazoni
jdes da mamai memRime sulierTa saqmeTa maTTda ganagebdes... ar uc saqme
mRuimesa
Tana
arca
qarTlisa
kaTalikozTa,
Tvinier
locvisa
da
kurTxevisagan, arca episkoposTa, arca vis sxvasa episkopozTa, arca mTavarTa
visme~306.
yovel monastersa Tu sofels evaleboda raime gamosaRebis gaReba
sakaTalikosos sasargeblod. aseTi valdebulebisagan SiomRvimis monasteri
gaTavisuflebuli iyo daviT aRmaSeneblis anderZis Tanaxmad, valdebuleba am
monasters mxolod mefeTa mimarT hqonda, kerZod, es yofila Semdegi
movaleoba: `odes muxrans viyvneT, wmidisa Siois xatsa SegvamTxvivnen, sami
sefiskveri, erTi filas sazedaSe da farCiTa kapari gvievlogion,
mTavarmamaman memRvimeman moiRos juari misi, mas gvaamboron~207.
e.i. rodesac mefe mividoda muxranis sasaxleSi, SiomRvimis berebi
valdebulni iyvnen miebrZanebinaT mefesTan wmida Sios xati, romelsac igi
emTxveoda, aseve unda mierTmiaT sami sefiskveri da filiT (Cans, fialiT)
sazedaSe
Rvino,
kaparTan
erTad,
Semdeg
monastris
winamZRvars
mTavarmRvimels, mefisaTvis saamborod unda miewodebina jvari. sul es iyo
monastris movaleoba. am movaleobis garda, mas aravis mimarT araviTari
valdebuleba ar gaaCnda, arc kaTalikosTa, arc episkoposTa da sxva mTavarTa
mimarT. monastris am ekonomiur-materialuri valdebulebis ucvleloba
daadastura gansaxilvelma saeklesio krebam, magram amasTanave aRiniSna
monastris sxva movaleobac _ es iyo sulieri movaleoba. es iyo `locva
mefeTaTvis~ da kaTalikos-patriarqis saxelis moxsenieba liturgiis dros da,
cxadia, mefeTaTvis wirva-locvebis Catareba: _ `locvai wmidaTa mefeTai zedaac da Jamniswirobani, viTa ZuelTagan... ukueTu Cven maTni moRvaweni viyvneT,
saxelsa Cuensa moixsenebdnen pirvelad~308, _ wers arsen kaTalikosi krebis

ganCinebaSi. Tavis anderZSi daviT aRmaSenebeli SiomRvimisadmi werda:

`mefeTaTvis locva aRasrulon viTa TviT werilni wmidani umoZRvreben~307.
marTalia, daviT aRmaSenebeli Tavis anderZSi wers: `arca qarTlisa
kaTalikozisa saqme ars mRvimesa zeda, arca vis sxvisa episkoposisa, arca
zveri, arca mefeTa, arca muxranisa mgeTa~307, magram iqve sazRvravs, rom
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos episkoposi, im dros bediel-alaverdeli da
mwignobarTuxucesi svimoni, unda yofiliyo SiomRvimis monastris saqmeTa
meurve, e.i. zedamxedveli. svimonis Semdeg ki es saqmeni momdevno
mwignobarTuxucesebs evalebodaT: `aw svimon bediel-alaverdelsa iyos
Sevedrebul raca saqme da sauravi maTi iyos, igi iyvofidis, romelsa Cuen ver
miviwineT da Semdgomad missa Tu missa adgilsa amiTve wesiT sxvai
mwignobarT-uxucesi iyos, igi iurvides~307.
maSasadame, eklesiis administracia marTavda SiomRvimes, oRondac
mwignobarTuxucesis xeliT. SiomRvimes samefo ojaxis gansakuTrebuli
pativiscema imiT daumsaxurebia, rom es monasteri misi erTguli yofila
tradiciulad, kerZod ki, daviT aRmaSeneblisaTvis didi samsaxuri gauwevia
Sinaur mterTan omis dros.
rogorc iTqva, SiomRvimis monastris marTva mwignobarTuxuces episkopossa
da lavris mamasaxliss evalebodaT. es mamasaxlisi monastris berebis mier
wmida Sios saflavze wilisyriT unda yofiliyo gamorCeuli.
`daviT aRmaSenebeli SiomRvimis monastrisadmi 1123 w. boZebul anderZSi
wers: Tu mamasaxlisi da winamZRvari, `miicvalos, viTa TviT wesi ars mis
winamZRvrisa Sios saflavsa zeda wilgdebai, amiT sxuai ganaCinon, Cuensa
darbazsa moiyvanon da Cven argani movaxsenoT da SevvedroT monasteri~309.
aTonis qarTvelTa monasterSi winamZRvris gamorCeva scodniaT Sua wirvis
dros sakurTxevelSi, trapezze, gamosarCev kandidatTa Soris wilgdebiT,
SiomRvimeSi ki sakurTxevlis magier Sio mRvimelis saflavi yofila
wilgdebis adgilad miCneuli. `cxadia, wilgdebis mosawyobad winaswar erTad
Seyril ZmaTa `ganzraxva~ da kandidatebis dasaxelebis dros mTeli krebulis
`erTneboba~ iqneboda saWiro. aseTi nebiT dayenebuli mamasaxlisi kanonierad
`gamorCeuli~
winamZRvari
iyo
da
sikvdilamde
`ucvalebelad~,
e.i.
Seucvlelad unda yofiliyo. misi gadayeneba da Secvla mxolod im
gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi SeiZleboda, Tu is mwvalebeli, e.i. eretikosi
gamodgeboda, anda `monastris orguloba, anu mefeTa Ralati da rjulis
Secodeba~ aRmoaCndeboda~310, _ wers ivane javaxiSvili SiomRvimis monastris
tipikonis patara nawyvetze dayrdnobiT, romelic T. Jordaniam gamoaqveyna
`SiomRvimis sabuTebSi~.
saqarTvelos patriarqi, anu qarTlis kaTalikosi movale iyo yofiliyo
`aRmsrulebeli~ SiomRvimis monastris mimarT arsebuli dadgenilebebisa,
amitomac werda saeklesio krebis ganCinebaSi SiomRvimis Seuvalobis Sesaxeb
arseni kaTalikozi: `me, glaxaki arseni qarTlisa kaTalikozi maTi...
aRmsrulebeli var~311.
saeklesio krebam XIII saukunis 40-ian wlebSi kidev erTxel daamtkica
daviT aRmaSeneblis anderZi SiomRvimis monastris mimarT.
[ganCineba saeklesio krebisa SiomRvimis Seuvalobis Sesaxeb]

[XIII s. 40-iani w.]

...[ese viTa] zemoT daguiweria, me glaxaksa arsen qarTlisa kaTalikozsa
wame[biTa]... [qar]Tli[sa] ebiskopozTaTa wmidisa udabnosa mRmisaTs... da
ubrZanebia Cuen yovelTa Semdgomad maTsa... Ruwai da zrunvai mamaTa
memRuimeTa maTTa, ...[dawer]ili da dawyevai... me, glaxaki arseni qarTlisa
kaTalikozi maT[i]... aRmasrulebeli var... yovliTa zemoT daguiweria ara...
viTa didsa da mefeTa Soris sanatrelsa daviTs eneba... kma ars wmidisa
amis udabnoisaTuis, da maTni RmrTiv-girgnosani mefeni da mouravad, viTa
igi masve Sina sweria gaCeniTave ni... [mwignoba]rTuxucesi vaziri monazoni
jdes, da mama memRuime sulierTa saqmeTa maTTa [ganagebdes]...
ar uc saqme mRuimesa Tana arca qarTlisa kaTalikozTa, Tuinier locvisa
da kurxevisagan, [arca] ebiskopozTa, arca vis sxuasa ebiskopozsa, arca
mTavarsa visme.
da ars... mwer locva wmidaTa mefeTai zeda-ac; da Jamisawirobani, viTa
ZueliTgan... ukueTu Cuen maTni moRuaweni viyuneT, saxelsa Cuenisa
moisenebden pirvelad... [moi]senebden.
da vinc es dawerili da gagebuli wmidasa udabnosa mRuimisasa
Seucvalos... [uw]indeli wmidisa mamamTavrisa iovanesi qarTlisa kaTalikozisa,
anu oqropiri qarTlisa kaTalikozisa, anu gabriel... [da rao]denni sxuani
SemdgomiTi-Semdgomad
sxenan,
eliT-werilni
sanatrelTa...
wmidisa
mamamTavrisa meliqizedekisi vin Seicvalos, amas yovelsa Sen... maT
sanatreliTa eliTa damtkicebuli, gina didisa daviTis anderZ[i da]
siglebi maTi... Secvalebul yos, hqrisxavs RmerTi... krulia qristes RmrTisa
mier... amen.
me, arsen qarTlisa kaTalikozman CemiTa eliTa davwere yoveli ese
simtkice. da saxeni mtkice myofelni [akurTx]nes RmerTman da wmidaman dedaqalaqman.
sxva xeliT mxedrulad:
[ese], viTa wmidasa krebasa da wmidasa mamaTamTavarsa Cuensa arsenis qristes mier qarTlisa
kaTalikozsa ganuCenia bWobiTa da didTa mamaTmTavarTa da moZRuarTa CuenTa eliTwerilni... daumtkicebian, meca glaxaki: qarTlis mTavar episkopozi saba elis-weriT
davamtkiceb...312
15. mcxeTis saeklesio kreba (1263 w.)
1925 wels g. gozaliSvils aRmouCenia odesRac saqarTvelos sapatriarqos
(sakaTalikosos) arqivSi daculi piri saeklesio krebis dadgenilebisa,
romelic ivane javaxiSvilis varaudiT, SeiZleba XIII saukunisac iyos313.
saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos arqivi Zvelad Cvens saeklesio dedaqalaq
mcxeTaSi unda yofiliyo, patriarqis karze. aRniSnuli sabuTi warmoadgens
1263 wlis axlo drois saeklesio krebis moxseneba-dadgenilebas saqarTvelos
mefis laSas Ze daviTisadmi. am sabuTSi naxsenebia mcxeTa, viTarca guli da
centri qarTuli eklesiisa: `pirveli aris Tavi sjulisa da eklesiaTai
mcxeTa~314. amitomac unda vivaraudoT, rom 1263 wlis kreba mcxeTaSi Catarda
da mas `mcxeTis saeklesio kreba~ vuwodeT.
rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, kanonier saeklesio krebebs saqarTveloSi
(rogorc bizantiaSi) mefe iwvevda. da igi mis karze, ufro metad, TbilisSi an

sxva Sesabamisi drois mefis sadgom-samyofelSi tardeboda. aRniSnuli kreba

mefes ar mouwvevia, Cans, igi TviT saeklesio xelmZRvanelobas mouwvevia
eklesiis gasaWiris gamo `Jamsa Znelbedobasa da saWiroebasa~315. amitomac,
rogorc aRiniSna, vfiqrobT, kreba saeklesio dedaqalaq mcxeTaSi Catarda.
krebas umsjelia da dadgenileba gamoutania sam sakiTxze, pirveli da
umTavresi iyo saeklesio mamulebis sakiTxi, meore Seexeboda eklesiis mier
`dakrulvili~ piris sakiTxs, mesame ki _ sasuliero pirTa Rirsebis
Sesabamisi pativiscemiT mopyrobis sakiTxs.
monRolTa usastikesi batonobis dros winaT Rirsebisa da pativiscemis
sagani axla mtris veragobis da siuxeSis wyalobiT Rirsebaayrili da
dacemuli iyo. dapyrobil qveyanaSi sarwmunoebas da sasuliero pirebs ukve
RirsebiT aRarc mTavroba da aRarc dabeCavebuli, usasod da ulukmapurod
darCenili xalxi epyroboda. amas damatebia mefe ulu daviTis `sibereSi~
dawyebuli qmedeba, mas saeklesio mamulebis sxva pirebze gadacema dauwyia,
rasac, cxadia, `saepiskoposoTa~, monasterTa da eklesiaTa `rRveva~ _ e.i. maTi
ekonomikuri safuZvlis gamocla mohyolia.
eklesias araTu saqarTvelos samefo xelisufleba, monRolebic ki
sifrTxiliT epyrobodnen, saerTod, RvTismsaxurebs monRolebi SeRavaTs
uwevdnen. `ukve 1254 wlis sayovelTao aRwerisas, rogorc wyaroebi erTxmad
miuTiTeben, monRolebs eklesia da misi msaxurni sagadasaxado davTarSic ar
SeutaniaT, qarTveli JamTaaRmwereli wers: `xolo xucesTa da monazonTa da
saeklesioTa ganwesebaTa ara Seagdo sazRavi, arca yalani, egreTve SixTa da
davriSTa da yovlisa sjulisa kacni saRmrTod gaCenilni ganaTavisuflna316.
`...mcxeTis sakaTalikoso eklesia 1254 wlidanve iyo gaTavisuflebuli
samonRolo valdebu-lebisagan~317.
eklesiis wevrTa samonRolo valdebulebisagan gaTavisufleba ar niSnavs
imas, rom eklesia dalxinebuli iyo. eklesias iseve uWirda, rogorc mis
samwysos da igi eris beds iziarebda, rogorc amas aRniSnuli krebis
dadgenileba uCvenebs: eklesiis wevrebi sweren mefes: `gevedrebiT da vrekT
karsa mowyalebisa Tqvenisasa, moiwyineT Wrtvinva Cveni da siglaxake da
uqonebeli...
oblad
dasxmulni
eklesiani
RmrTisani
SeiwyaleniT,
ganSiSvlebulni samarTliT SemoseniT, ixseniT dawunebulni...~318 eklesia
monRolTa batonobis dros Tavis Tavs uwodebda: uqonebels, glaxaks, oblad
dasxmuls (datovebuls), ganSiSvlebuls, dawunebulsa da mwuxarebisagan
mkvnesares (`mWrtinavs~). misi gasaWirSi yofna kidev ufro gaumZafrebia mefis
qmedebas, rogorc zemoT vaxseneT, igi odesRac eklesiisaTvis (e.i. RmrTisadmi)
Sewirul miwebs arTmevda eklesias da aZlevda sxva, saero, kerZo pirebs.
amitomac swerdnen mefes wmida mamebi: `aRuTqvi da aRusrule ufalsa yoveli
aRnaTqvami Seni~ da `umjobes ars ara aRTqmai, vidre aRTqmai da ara
aRsrulebai~319.
qonebas, romelic odesRac saRmrTod daiwera, `saRmrTodve xams
qonebai~320. agreTve Seaxsenebdnen, rom eklesiis qoneba igive samefo qoneba
iyo `saydarTa qonebai ufro Tqveni qonebaia~. Tuki vinme gabedavda da
mefisaTvis odesRac saCuqrad mirTmeul (saWurWle-salaroSi mdebare) nivTs
aiRebda da an mefes kvlav saCuqrad miarTmevda, anda Tavis saWiroebisaTvis
gamoiyenebda, cxadia, ar ascdeboda sasjeli. aseve imsaxurebda dasjas is

mrCeveli (veziri Tu sxva vinme), romelic mefes urCevda saeklesio miwebis

gasxvisebas, Seaxsenebdnen mefes krebis mamebi. mefes ki sigelebiT ukve
gacemuli hqonda saeklesio miwebis didi odenoba, kreba swers kidec mefes:
SegiZliaT faqtebiT darwmundeT, Tu am sigelebs gasinjavTo, `moaRebineT
sigelebi da niSnebi yvelai yvelas, visTvisca giboZebia~. am sigelebis gacemiT
mefem daarRvia `RvTisadmi aRnaTqvami~.
krebam icis, rom monRolTa batonobis gamo qveynis Seryeuli ekonomikuri
mdgomareobis gamosasworeblad mefes urCevdnen gamoeyenebina saeklesio
qoneba, magram saqarTvelos amaze ufro meti Znelbedobis xanac hqonia, Zveli
mefeebi ki eklesiebs pativs scemdnen. TviTon qveynis mpyrobeli araqarTveli
mmarTvelebic ki ar kadrulobdnen eklesiis qonebis xelis xlebaso. `viciT,
rome mravalni kadreben Jamsa Znelbedobasa da saWiroebasa, magra amis
uZnelbedesnic yofilan maSin Jamni, odes didi kaTolike eklesiai Senebula,
hasre, rome jafar amirad jdomila Tfiliss da qalaqi sparsTa hqonebia da
TuiT raimca mizezi aravin kadra saydarTa qveynis qonebisa da darRvevis
mnebebelman~321.
amJamad miCneulia, rom `saerTo gaWirvebis Jams eklesias SedarebiT
ukeTesi materialuri mdgomareoba hqonda... saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi
nikolozi (1247/1248 _ 1282) urdoSi gamgzavrebula, romelsac yaenisagan
eklesiis dacvis iarliyi (sigeli) miuRia. `dacva~ gulisxmobda arsebuli
saeklesio Seuvalobisa da privilegiebis damtkicebas yaenis mier. yaenis es
sigeli exeboda `mcxeTas~ (sapatriarqos), `saydrebs~ (saepiskoposoebs) da
`monastrebs~ TavianTi yma-mamuliTurT~322.
miuxedavad amisa, 1263 wlis saeklesio krebis dadgenilebis teqstidan ar
Cans, rom `am saerTo gaWirvebis Jams eklesias SedarebiT ukeTesi mdgomareoba
hqonda~, piriqiT, eklesia maSin yovelmxriv, maT Soris, materialuradac Tavis
samwysos bedSia _ ukiduresad gaWirvebulia. unda vifiqroT, rom im
materialur SeRavaTebs, romelsac monRolTa xelisufleba eklesias aZlevda,
es ukanaskneli iyenebda xalxis saWiroebis dasakmayofileblad. eklesia, Cans,
gascemda mravals, magram misgan kidev ufro mets iTxovdnen, risi gacemis
saSualebac mas ukve obieqturad aRar hqonda, es ki eklesiis msaxurTa mimarT
kritikulad ganawyobda mosaxleobis erT nawils (rasac qvemoT ganvixilavT).
eklesiis aseTi krizisis dros mas saxelmwifo xelisuflebisagan mxardaWera
esaWiroeboda, amis nacvlad, mefem saeklesio mamulebis gacema daiwyo, riTac
kidev ufro Searyia eklesiis ekonomikuri safuZvlebi.
`samocdameaTxuTmetni Svilni xarT TquenTa guarTani da romeli mefe
TqvenTa odenTa WirTa, RuawlTa da gansacdelTagan ara xsnila, viTa
RmerTsa, Tquensa mxsnelsa, Tquen uxsnixarT... da am samocdaaTxuTmetTa
TquenTa gardasulTa mefobasa Siga... romelsa didebulsa, anu aznaursa, anu
darbazis ersa, anu glexsa aqvs sigeli Tquenda guarisagan boZebuli... rome
saydarTa sofeli vis zeda gacemul-iyos da eweros, Tvinier amisa, rome Tquen
gagicemian da gagiboZebian sigeliTa~323. - mimarTa krebam mefes.
zogierTi specialistis azriT, winadadebaSi `75-e Svilni xarT TquenTa
guarTani~ igulisxmeba bagrationTa sagvareulo, aRiniSneba, rom laSas Ze
mefe daviTi ar SeiZleboda yofiliyo 75-e mefe bagrationTa dinastiisa,
magram krebis mier igulisxmeboda ara bagrationTa sagvareulo, aramed,
rogorc wmida ninos cxovrebaze darTuli arsen beris (monazonis)

saqarTvelos mokle istoriidan324 Cans, saqarTvelos eklesiaSi miiCneoda,

rom bagrationebi `Svilni iyvnen arian-qarTvelTa mefeTa~, rom dinastiuri
aTvla iwyeba azon-farnavaz mefeebidan da ara, vTqvaT, aSot anda bagrat
bagrationidan. vaxuSti batoniSvilis gamoTvliT, laSas Ze e.w. ulu daviTi
iyo 65-e mefe farnavazidan. kreba ki Tvlida, rom igi iyo 75-e mefe, wyarod
miuTiTebda `qarTlis cxovrebas~. Cans, XIII s-is Cvenamde armoRweul `qarTlis
cxovrebaSi~ aseTi aTvla arsebobda.
krebis meore sakiTxi, rogorc aRiniSna, Seexo eklesiis mier Serisxuli
piris sakiTxs. igi, cxadia, agrZelebda pirvel sakiTxs da exeboda gacemul
saeklesio mamulebs. `saeklesio kreba mefe ulu-daviTs agonebda agreTve, rom
mis da saqarTvelos vazirebisagan darRvevulia qarTuli saxelmwifo
samarTlis is ZiriTadi debuleba (`wesi saxlisa da palatisa Tquenisa~),
romlis mixedviTac `vinca vin~ eklesiisagan `dakrulvila~, saqarTvelos
mTavrobis mierac mizezis ganuxilvelad `Serisxula: mamuli dasWirvia da
laSqarTa Sigan ar SeSvebula~325. imJamad ki eklesiis mier dakrulvili piri
samefo karis (`vazirTa~) daxmarebiT aiZulebda eklesiis msaxurebs moexsnaT
`dakrulva~.
`ese
uwesoi
wesi
nuRarodes
iqnebis,
nuc
dagvemarTebis,
visac
davkrulvideT, Tquenc SerisxvideT~, wers kreba mefes.
mesame sakiTxic _ sasuliero pirTa Rirsebis Seuracxyofis sakiTxic _
kvlav pirvelTan iyo dakavSirebuli. `arRaravisagan gvaqvs pativi, arc
sjulsa da arc ebiskoposTa, arc monazonTa, arc xucesTa, arc mRvdelTa,
arc mihronsa, arc qorepiskoposTa, yvelai yvelasa upatiod, Seuracxad,
ginebiT da basrobiT vhyavT~326.
`romeli mefe iqnebis upatiomyofeli, Seuracxad mxsenebeli ebiskoposTa
da monazonTa?... da Tu Tqven upatiod gyavT, vinmca ara Seuracx-gvyvna, vinmca
ara gvagina, vinmca ara upatiod da havad dagvxadna?~ _ Sestiroda kreba mefes.
zemoaRniSnulis garda, rogorc garkveuli aqvs ivane javaxiSvils _
`saqarTvelos eklesia mefeTagan Sewiruli miwebis Seuvalobaze uars ambobda
da sagadasaxado tvirTis zidvasac kisrulobda, oRondac Sewiruli miwebi
gaucemeli SeenarCunebina da gacemuli ukan daebrunebina~327.
`ezomis kadnierebisa da wyena-kadrebisaTvis~, rogorc kreba daemuqra
mefes, amis `mqmnelni varT: arca mihronsa gavxsniT, saqarTvelos eklesiaTa
davbeWdavT, xucesTa davayenebT wirvisa da naTlvisa da samkudroTa
ziarebisagan~328.
kreba ar apirebda daSlas, sanam mefe Sesabamis gadawyvetilebas miiRebda.
`saeklesio krebis monawileT surdaT mefeca da sxvebic daerwmunebinaT, rom
angareba da piradi sargeblobis interesi ki ar alaparakebdaT, aramed
saRmrTo sjulis darRveuli kanonebis aRdgenis wadili~329.
rogorc aRiniSna, Cvenamde moRweulia ara 1263 wlis krebis mefisTvis
gadacemuli dadgenilebis dedani, aramed Savi, samuSao piri dadgenilebis
proeqtisa, amitomac ar SegviZlia vTqvaT, krebam marTla miiRo Tu ara
gadawyvetileba saqarTvelos eklesiaTa `dabeWdvisa~, mironis gaucemlobisa
da sxv., ivane javaxiSvilis azriT, kreba `muqaris ganxorcielebas ar
Sesdgomia~330, da ukiduresi nabiji ar gadaudgams.

krebis dadgenilebaSi ramdenjerme gvxvdeba sityva `vazirni~, `vaziri~. maT

braldebaT mefisaTvis eklesiis sawinaaRmdego rCevebis micema saeklesio
mamulTa gacemis dros. ivane javaxiSvili da sxvani fiqroben, rom aq
igulisxmeba uwinaresad imJamindeli mwignobarTuxucesi Wyondideli basili.
Cveni azriT, `vaziris~ qveS igulisxmeba ara basili, aramed amirspasalari,
radganac krebis dadgenilebaSi `mamulis gacemazea~ ZiriTadad saubari,
`dakrulvil~ pirs mefem mamuli unda dauWiros: `vinca vin dakrulvila...
mamuli dasWirvia da laSqarTa Sigan ara SeSvebula~331. es Zveli kanoni axla
`vazirTa~ nebiT moSlila, magram `xelmwifis karis garigebis~ Tanaxmad,
swored es ufleba mamulis gacemisa da laSqris ufrosobisa ekuTvnis
amirspasalars. `karis garigeba~ wers: `amirspasalari sabatio veziri aris da
Tavadi laSqarTa da uamisod qveyana ar gaicemis, arca vin samamulod
Seiwyalebis~332. _ `karis garigebis~ es cnoba mniSvnelovani momentia da xsnis
Tu vis, romel vezirs an vezirTa jgufs gulisxmobda saeklesio kreba Tavis
kritikis adresatad, roca werda: `aw Tu vis davhkrulavT gamoaWenebs Tqvensa
darbazsa da TqvenTa vazirTa mohmarTebs~, da isinic eklesiis mier
`dakrulvils~ arc `mamuls uWeren~ da `laSqarSic uSvebden~. am ukanasknelTa
aRsrulebis ufleba mxolod, rogorc iTqva, amirspasalars ekuTvnoda.
amirspasalaris zemdgomobis qveS myof vezirTa jgufSi unda igulisxmebodes
mandaturTuxucesi, radgan `xelmwifis karis garigebaSi~ es ori saxelo
erTad ixsenieba. amirspasalaris pativi `mandaturTuxucesis swori aris da
esec iqnebis, rome orive erTsa hqondes da ufro SanSeTa saxlisa aris eseve
orive
xeli
erTsa
aqvs
Tu
orTa...~332.
amirspasalaroba
da
mandaturTuxucesoba SanSe mxargrZelis saxleulis xelSi iyo Tavmoyrili.
amirspasalaris vezirTa jgufSi unda Sediodes `amilaxori~. `amilaxori
veziri aris amirspasalarisa da amis xelsaa meabjreTuxucesoba~333.
maSasadame, rogorc SeiZleba gavigoT, amilaxori veziri, mrCevelia ara
mefisa, aramed amirspasalarisa. yovel SemTxvevaSi, isini erT jgufs qmnian
meabjreTuxucesTan da laSqris sxva meTaurebTan erTad. `mamulis daWera da
laSqarSi ar SeSveba~ swored maTi saqmea. isini arian mefis `vezirebi~ am
saqmeSi, Cans, maTkenaa krebis risxva mimarTuli da ara Wyondidelisaken.
Wyondideli iyo eklesiis erT-erTi meTauri da amitomac SeuZleblad
migvaCnia, rom mas waremarTa eklesiis winaaRmdeg iseTi RonisZieba, romelic
krebam ganixila da romlis aRsakveTad kreba mzad iyo saqarTvelos
eklesiebSi RvTismsaxureba Seewyvita.
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
meTaurTa
Zlier
cud
damokidebulebaze
amirspasalarisa da mxargrZelis mimarT wers Tamaris mematianec. rogorc
wina TavebSi aRiniSna, Wyondidelis aRmatebuli saxelo da xelisufleba
daemcro Tamar mefis dros, mizezi amisa iyo miqael kaTalikosis mtacebloba
Tamaris mefobis dasawyisSi, roca man Tavis xelSi aiRo Wyondideloba da
amiT, rogorc ivane javaxiSvils garkveuli aqvs, mefeze ufro meti
xelisuflebis mpyrobelad iqca. miqaelis gardacvalebisTanave Tamarma
mTavrobaSi Seiyvana amirspasalari, aqcia igi vezirad, amiT, SeiZleba vTqvaT,
daamcro Wyondidelis funqcia mTavrobaSi. Wyondidelisa da amirspasalaris
funqciebi gaTanabrda, xelisufleba gaiyo. `erisTavni da xelis mqonebelni
didisa Tamar mefisa... brZana damtkicebad Wyondidlad, mwignobarT-uxucesad

da vezirad... antone glonisTavisZe... ganaCina amirspasalarad sargis

mxargrZeli, kaci gvariani da aRzrdili laSqrobasa Sina...~334.
saqarTvelos mTavroba, Cans, Sedgeboda 7 ZiriTadi wevrisagan _ eseni
iyvnen `oTxi monazoni~ da `sami veziri~. oTx monazonTa jgufSi Sediodnen
qarTlis
kaTalikosi,
afxazeTis
kaTalikosi,
moZRvarTmoZRvari
da
Wyondideli mwignobarTuxucesi. sami veziris jgufSi Sediodnen aTabagi,
amirspasalari da mandaturTuxucesi. `darbazs aTqs oTxTave: moZRvarTmoZRvarsa, kaTalikozTa, Wyondidelsa da samTa vazirTa: aTabagsa, amir
spasalarsa da mandaturT-uxucessa~335, anda `amirejibs marTebso oTxTa
monazonTa da samTa vezirTa wvevao~336. amaTgan darbazobis dros umetesi
pativiscemiT mefe xvdeboda pirvel rigSi moZRvarTmoZRvars, Semdeg
kaTalikosebs da Wyondidels. miuxedavad mTavrobaSi ganxorcielebuli
cvlilebebisa, Wyondideli sami veziris da, saerTod, savaziros ufrosi Cans,
`vezirobis~ dros pirvel rigSi Wyondidels moiwveven, Semdeg sxva vezirebs _
sami aRniSnuli veziris garda, savaziroSi sxva vezirebic Sedian _ `Tu
veziroba iyos maT moaxsenon Wyondidelsa da aTabagsa. amirspasalarsa
(mandaturT-uxucessa),
meWurWleTuxucessa,
msaxurTuxucessa
da
337
amilaxorsa~ . `didi ars meWurWleTuxucesi, aTabagobis dawyebamdi meoTxe
veziri iyo...~338. pirvelxarisxovan vezirad iTvleboda zemoT CamoTvlili sami
veziri, maT garda iyvnen `didi~ vezirebi, am sami veziris qvemoT mdgomni
(magaliTad, `didi ars meWurWleTuxucesi~), amaT garda, kidev iyvnen sxva
SedarebiT wvrili vezirebi da `mouravebi~. termini `vezirni da mouravni~,
`karis garigebaSi~ orjer ixsenieba270. wvril vezirTa jgufSi unda
Sediodnen, magaliTad, molareTuxucesi, monadireTuxucesi, fareSTuxucesi,
mesawoleTuxucesi, amirejibi, mestumre, meRvineTuxucesi, ganmgeTauxucesi da
sxva `uxucesebi~. vazirTagan, rogorc iTqva, mxolod sami iyo gamorCeuli da
mTavrobis wevrebad iTvlebodnen, oTx monazonTan erTad, Tumca ki, vTqvaT,
`meWurWleTuxucesi Zveli veziri aris da sabatio~340, aseve msaxurTuxucesi.
mTavrobis am wevrTagan, magaliTad, `laSqrobai da laSqrobis veziroba
amir-spasalaris
xelT
aris~338,
xolo
sasamarTlo
xelisufleba
Wyondidelisa: `Wyondideli orSabaT dRes saajo karsa Sigan dajdebis~341.
oTx monazonTagan Wyondidels da mis, viTarca mwignobarTuxucesis,
xelqveiTs `sawolis mwignobars~ ekuTvnis `saeklesiaoni dasni~, garda
gelaTisa (gelaTi Cans moZRvarTmoZRvars ekuTvnis): `gelaTisagan kide
saydarni da sxvani monasterni da eklesiani, xucesni da monazonni da rac
saeklesio dasni arian yvela Wyondidelis da sawolis mwignobaris saxelosa~
arian342. aq SeiZleba gavixsenoT Tamaris istorikosis sityvebi: `monasterni
da saebiskoposoni yovelni eklesianni wessa da rigsa locvisasa da yovlisa
saeklesiosa gangebasa darbazis kariT miiRebdian, viTarc kanonsa ucdomelsa
da yovlad Sueniersa da dawyobissa keTilwesierebasa locvisa da marxvisa~.
rogorc zemoT moyvanilidan Cans, `laSqarSi ar SeSvebis~ da `mamulis
daWeris~ Tu gacemis ufleba ganekuTvneboda amirspasalars da mis mimdgom
sxva vezirebs da ara Wyondidels. amitomac 1263 wlis kreba `vezirTa~ qveS
maT unda gulisxmobdes. safiqrebelia, rom 1263 wlis kreba mimarTuli iyo
ara `saqarTvelos mTavrobis~ qmedebaTa winaaRmdeg, rogorc ivane javaxiSvili

fiqrobda,
aramed
asaxavda
saqarTvelos
mTavrobis
SigniT
arsebul
winaaRmdegobas `oTx monazonsa~ da vazirTa, anu ufro sworad, Wyondidelsa
da amirspasalars Soris. ivane javaxiSvili werda: `...saqarTvelos maSindeli
mTavroba
saeklesiod
Sewiruli
miwebis
gacemis
aucileblobas
343
amarTlebda~ . unda vifiqroT, rom ara `saqarTvelos mTavroba~, aramed
`vazirni~, kerZod, amirspasalari da maTi mimdevarni, romelTa xelSi iyo
`mamulTa
gacemis~
saqme,
amarTlebdnen
Sewiruli
miwebis
gacemis
aucileblobas.
JamTaaRmwereli
wers
Wyondidel
basilis
Sesaxeb,
rom
samefos
aRmosavleTis sazRvrebis dacvis gamo mefis mouclelobis Jams `gandidna
Wyondideli basili da ujarmeli, da iwyo sauravTaca qmnad Tvinier mefisa
kiTxvisa da mefis imeriT yofasa Sina diad awyina sefeTa qveyanaTa, rameTu
viTar TvisTa xedvida~344, basili `...moakvdina mefeman uwesobisaTvis, rameTu
Tana eyo basili esuqnis da ara rida sawolsa patronisa mefisasa da Coxanica
aRixada da mTavroba miitaca, amis uwesoebisaTvis moikla basili~345. basilis
mtrebs xma daugdiaT, rom igi mefis sawolis Semaginebeli iyo. `amisaTvis
Sesmenil iqmna basili winaSe mefisa, romelman mswrafl moiyvana da brZana
Zelsa damokideba. damohkides Zelsa Sua-qalaqsa, rameTu iyo mefe mswraflmorwmune da litonica~346.
monRolTa batonobis dros Seryeula qveynis marTvis kolegialuri wesi,
roca mefesTan erTad saxelmwifo marTvis sadaveebTan idga `oTxi monazoni
da sami veziri~. mefe erTpirovnuli mmarTveli gamxdara. Zveli wesebis areva
da misdami upativcemuloba Cans basili-Wyondidel-ujarmelis moqmedebaSic,
roca man `Coxani aRixadna~, e.i. uari Tqva berobaze (monaznobaze), maSasadame,
igi `oTx monazonTa~ jgufSi veRar darCeboda. amis nacvlad, man SeZlo
`mTavrobis mitaceba~ da am `mTavrobiT~ marTavda, `awyenda sefe qveyanaTa~. e.i.
samefo domenebis faqtobrivi mmarTveli gamxdara. eWviani da malemrwmeni
mefec daurwmunebiaT, TiTqosda igi dedofalTan cxovrobda. magram mis mier
saeklesio mamulis gacemis Sesaxeb mematiane arafers aRniSnavs. amitomac
SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom basili Wyondideli ar iyo gareuli saeklesio
mamulebis gacemis sakiTxSi. SeiZleba esec vifiqroT, rom mas cili daswames
imaTve, romelTac Tavis droze saxeli gautexes laSa-giorgis, roca man
moindoma laSqris xelmZRvanelobisa da saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis sadaveebis
xelSi mtkiced daWera. laSa-giorgi, mama ulu daviTisa, damarcxda
mxargrZelTa Zlier ojaxTan dapirispirebisas, aseve unda vifiqroT, rom
basili Wyondideli damarcxda amirspasalarsa da sxva mis mimdgom vezirebTan
samTavrobo omisas.
yovelive zemoaRwerili kidev erTxel amtkicebs, Tu ra saSiSroebas
uqadda saqarTvelos saxelmwifos, eklesiisa da Cveni xalxis zneobas
monRolTa batonoba. am dros yovelgvari zneobriv-ekonomikuri safuZvlebi
Seryeula. amis anarekls warmoadgens, rogorc ivane javaxiSvili fiqrobda,
1263 wels mowveuli saeklesio krebis dadgenileba.

[1263]. moxseneba saqarTvelos saeklesio krebisa mefisadmi

[...] gevedrebi da vrekT karsa mowyalebisa Tquenisasa, moiwyineT Wrtin]va
Cueni da siglaxake da uqonebl[oba] [qurivad da o]blad dasxmulni eklesiani
R(mr)Tisani SeiwyaleniT, ganSiSul[ebulni simarT]liT SemoseniT, iseniT
dawunebulni, usajeT samarTali marT[a]li, raiTa marTalTa Tana daewesn[eT,
gamoiyvaneT upatio]ebisagan mwarisa, viTarca ityuis [wi]naiswarmetyuelisa
piriTa uf(a)li sabaoT R(mer)Ti w(mi)dai israilisai: `romelman gam[oiy]v(a)nos
patiosani upatioebisagan viT(a)rca piri Cemi iyosa~. romelTa pirveli aris
T(a)vi sjulisa da eklesiaTai mcx[eTai]. da ukueTu Tavsa, jereTca nedlsa,
esreT iyos el-ferx-TiT-mwuerv(a)leb(a)man, raimcaRa inayofes? ku(ala)d
ityuis: `aRuTqu da a[R]usrule uf(a)lsa y(ov)eli aRnaTquemi~-o, da `umjobes
ars ara aRTqumai, vidre aRTqumai da ara aRsrulebai~-o.
srul-yavT w(mi)dao da q(ris)te-mosilo mefeo b(rZane)buli ese, Tq(ue)ni
sityuani saqmiT srul-yveni: moaRebineT siglebi da niSnebi yuelai yuelas,
visTuisca giboZebia.
[a][r][a]Tu C(u)enTuis rasame da C(u)enisa SeZenisaTuis viwyinebiT, magra
saR(mr)Tod werilisa saR(mr)Todve ams qonebai da miyenebai, da TuiT
saydarTa qonebai d(i)d(a)d ufro Tqu(e)ni qonebaia.
aw, Tu erTxel saWurWlesa Tqu(e)nsa Sina SemoRebuli, da erTgzis
Tqu(e)nTuis SemoZRunebuli, TualTa da margalitTa da WurWelTa oqroisa da
vercxlisaTa T(a)nai raime mcire, anu gina didi saWurWlesa Sina Tqu(e)nsa
mdebare gamoiRos vinme, anu Tqu(e)nve Semogwiros, anu waragos sadme niWnimc[a] mianiWeniT? anu pativni da qebani aRuvareniT? aramca ufrosi
risxveul da patiJneul hyaviT?
R(mr)TisaTuis SewirulTa adgilTa gacemisa vaziri, - mawyvereli,
maqneveli da mnebebeli gacemisai, viTamca ara R(mr)Tisagan risxveul iqmna?
vinca ikadrebs da gaqnevs, - viTa keTilisa mamoqmedebelsa, keTili niWi
mieniWebis R(mr)Tisa mier; egreTve borotisa mizezi - borotsa moisTulebs.
viciT, rome mrav(a)lni kadreben Jamisa Znelbedobasa da saWiroobasa; magra
amisa uZnelbedesnica yofilan maSin Jamni, odes didi kaTolike eklesiai
Senebula, hasre, rome jafar amir(a)d jdomila Tfili(s)s da qalaqi sparsTa
hqonebi[a]. da TuiT raimca mizezi aravin kadra saydarTa, queyanisa qonebisa da
darRuevisa mnebebelman? `yo(ve)li drkud mav(a)li mizezobad mza(a)~-o; magra
nu miscemT gzasa metyuelTa eseviTarisa metyuelebisaTa!
samocdameaTxuTmeteni Svilni xarT Tqu(e)nTa guarTani da, romeli mefe
TqvenodenTa WirTa, RuawlTa da gansacdelTagan ara xsnila viTa RmerTsa
Tqu(e)nsa msnelsa, Tqu(e)n usnixarT, da arca romelsa mefesa Tq(u)engan
ufro R(mr)Tisa gzisa daWirvai hmarTebia. da am samoc da(a)TxuTmetTa

Tq(u)enTa gardasulTa mefobasa Siga ufroisi da umravlesi Jami amisgan

uZnelesi da uborotesi yofila, viTa `qarTlisa cxovrebai~ gamoaCens.
romelsa didebulsa, anu aznaursa, anu darbazis ersa, anu glexsa aqu{s}
sigeli Tqu(e)nTa guarTagan boZeb[u]li, - da Tu vis aqus aravin dahmalavs, rad aravin gamoaCina, rome saydarTa sofeli vis zeda gamocemul-iyos da
eweros, Tuinier amissa, rome Tqu(e)n gagicemian da gagiboZebian sigliTa?
eseca iuwyos w(midama)n mefobaman Tqu(e)nman aw Sekrebulisa amis
krebisagan, wesi saxlisa da palatisa Tqu(e)nisai ese yofila: vinca vin
dakrulvila, raiTaca mizeziTa da saqmiTa, Tqu(e)n mierca Serisxula, mamuli
dasWirvia da laSqarTa Sigan ar SeSuebula.
aw, Tu vis davhkrulavT, gamoaWenebs Tqu(e)nsa darbazsa da Tqu(e)nTa
vazirTa mohmarTebs, b(rZane)basa da kacsa uboZebT - juari daswereo,
gawyromisa da h[a]vad gadisa nacvlad.
ese uwesoi wesi nuRarodes iqnebis, nuca daguemarTebis~ visca
davhkrulvideT, Tqu(e)nca SehrisxevdiT da rmliTa Tana-udegiT sjulTa da
wesTa samRdeloTa saR(mr)ToTa werilTa moZRurebisaebr!
Tu Tquensa mefobasa Siga ar SehkazmavT saydarTa da monasterTa da ar
uboZebT elTa maTTa saqonebelTa, vinmcaRa dauurva, anu vinmcaRa {ara}
hkadra Tqu(e)nTa sigleb-niSnebTa gatexai?
codvai egre brali da codvai ar aris, viTa codvisai saxed da igavad
dadebai m(o)mav(a)lTa da yofadTa JamTa da kacTaTuis mosaTxrobelmosasenebl(a)d.
araRaravisgan guaqus pativi, arca sjulsa da arca ebiskoposTa. arca
monazonTa, arca xucesTa, arca mRdelTa, arca mihronsa, arca qorebiskovsTa!
yuelai yuelasa upatiod, Seuracxad, ginebiT da basrobiT vhyavT!.
rad dahsniT wessa saqebelsa, rad upatiod hyofT patiosnobasa da
sakrZalvobasa amis saxisa da saqmisasa? romeli mefe iqebis upatio myofeli,
Seuracxad masenebeli ebiskopozTa da monazonTai? Tquen siyrmiTgan
R(mr)Tiv-swavlulni xarT da saR(mr)Toni werilni zepiriT uwyniT: romelTa
saqmeTa moqmedi mefe iqebis, anu romelTai - iyuedrebis!
ranica pativni Tqu(e)nTa guarTagan zedsxmian ebiskoposTa da monazonTa,
masve Tqu(e)ngan viRirsebodeT. da Tu Tqu(e)n upatiod g(u)yav(i)T, vinmca ara
Seuracx-guyvna, vinmca ara guaginna, vinmca ara upatiod da havad daguadna?
TuiT pir(a)d da zedaiT daRma amas gueubnebian mqonebelni da mnebebelni
saydarTa da monasterTa saqonebelTa qonebisani: `patroni ar daguadebinebs,
da arca waguiRebs, - romelsa sigliTa uboZebia, da Tqu(e)n ar dagidebT da
arca guemarTlebiT dadebinebasa, qrTamsa mogcemTo~. ama saqmesa Tqu(e)nve
swamleT da da[s]deviT emblastroi sakurnebeli!
nuca vin yalnobisa mizezsa SemoiRebs: raica saydarTa saqonebelTa yalani
hmarTebs, misnica mzRvelni varT da aras uku-vadgebiT. da Tqu(e)nsa Tqu(e)nni
Tqu(e)nTagan ganaRamca gmsaxurebdiT, Zalisaebr da SeZlebisa C(u)enisa!
ese amis krebisa, aw Sekrebulisa Zali yovelTa Soris sacnaur-yavn
w(midi)sa da TuiTmpyrobelisa mefeT-mefobisa Tqu(e)nisa w(inaS)e, romel, Tu
R(mer)Ti gurisxavs da miudrekeli da w(mi)dai gonebai Tqu(e)ni codvaTa
C(u)enTa simravlisagan midrkebis, da ese raica guikadrebia da moguixsenebia
ar dagueurvebis CuenTa wesTa raica guikadrebia da moguisenebia ar
daguervebis, C(u)eniTa wesiTa raica daguipirebia misni mqnelni varT: arcaRa

mihronsa gavsniT, saqarTveloisa eklesiaTa davhbeWdavT, xucesTa davayenebT

wirvisa da naTvlisa da samkudroTa ziarebisagan.
Tuinier amisisa qmnis, sxuisa Ronisa yo(v)lisagan uRono varT!
da nuTu amisiTa qniTa, sxua sjulTa da sxua sacoTagan mefobasa Tquensa
sawyin(o)i raime Semouvides, da sjulica C(u)eni daknindes?
ezomis kadnierebisa da wyena-kadrebisaTuis, viTa saSinelisa R(mr)Tisa
saSinelebaTagan vZrwiT da viSiSviT!
garna saR(mr)Toni sjulni mefeTaca zeda mTavrobad b(rZane)bulan da,
sada R(mer)Ti daguWirdebis, mun yovelsave Seuracx-vhyofT! da `maunebeli
kacTai q(ris)tesmca mona ar viyo~-vo, - w(mi)dai mociquli pavle b(rZane)bs.
aw aqa Seyrilni da gauyrelni da momlodeni amisisa daurvebisani,
y(ov)elnive aqa varT da ulocavT w(mid)asa mefeT-mefobasa Tqu(e)nsa347.

16. Sekreba safaraSi (1453 w.)

Zvel saqarTveloSi sarwmunoebrivi ganxeTqileba arasodes momxdara da
yoveli qarTvelis siamayis sagani iyo is, rom qarTulma eklesiam SeZlo
mociqulebisagan miRebuli marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis umwikvlo dacva.
saqarTvelos kaTalikosi kirion I Tu mnaTobi eklesiisa giorgi mTawmideli
ucxoelebTan kamaTisas xazgasmiT miuTiTebdnen amis Sesaxeb.
aRniSnul mosazrebas ewinaaRmdegeba zogierTi mkvlevari, romelTa azriT,
qarTul eklesiaSi wina saukuneebSic iyo ganxeTqileba, amis magaliTad
mohyavT XV saukunis Semdeg mesxeTsa da dasavleT saqarTveloSi TavCenili
saeklesio separatizmi, aseTi Tvalsazrisi miuRebelia. radgan saqme ar exeba
sarwmunoebriv ganxeTqilebas, arc erT modave mxares eWvi ar Seutania meoris
marTlmadideblur sarwmunoebaSi. sadavo saqme Seexeboda mxolod saeklesioadministraciuli mowyobis sakiTxs. kerZod, qalkedonis msoflio saeklesio
krebam daadastura Zveli saeklesio wesi, romlis mixedviTac saeklesio
iurisdiqciis sazRvari unda emTxveodes saxelmwifo-administraciuls. am
kuTxiT Tu SevxedavT mesxeTsa da dasavleT saqarTveloSi mimdinare
saeklesio procesebs gansaxilvel dros, saeklesio ganxeTqilebad SeiZleba
aRarc miviCnioT, magram sxva sakiTxia eklesiis Tavdadebuli brZola
saqarTvelosa da misi eklesiis erTianobisaTvis.
XV saukunis Semdeg daiSala erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifo. es iyo
politikuri aqti, magram qarTuli eklesiisaTvis ise, rogorc sazogadoebis
gonieri nawilisaTvis, miuRebeli. qarTulma eklesiam aseTi samwuxaro
movlenis Semdeg Tavis Tavze aiRo funqcia politikuri daSlilobis dros
yofiliyo qarTveli eris sulieri gamaerTianebeli, rom qarTvelobas,
mcxovrebT ukve sxvadasxva saxelmwifoebriv erTeulSi, hqonoda erTi
sarwmunoeba da erTiani eklesia. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, daSlilobasa da
imavdroul mahmadianur agresias SeeZlo uaryofiTad emoqmeda erovnul
TviTSemecnebaze da erovnuli gadagvareba, qarTvelTa sxva erebSi asimilacia
gamoewvia. swored amitom iyo miuRebeli qarTuli eklesiis meTaurebisaTvis
mesxeTis
saeklesio separatizmi. maSasadame, rogorc aRvniSneT, aq saqme

exeboda ara sarwmunoebriv ganxeTqilebas, aramed saeklesio-administraciuls,

rac TavisTavad didi mniSvnelobis saqmea.
mesxeTis
mTavrebi
ibrZodnen
mefisagan
TavianTi
kuTxis
damoukideblobisaTvis da warmatebasac miaRwies. amis Semdeg gadawyvites
mesxeTi saeklesio administraciuli saxiTac gamoeyoT dedaeklesiisagan.
yvaryvare aTabagma am mizniT gadawyvita aemaRlebina mawyvereli episkoposis
pativi da gadaeqcia igi sayovelTao mTavarepiskoposad mTel mesxeTSi, e.i. mas
unda damorCilebodnen mesxeTis episkoposebi. mTavrebs mesxeTis episkoposebis
CamoSoreba surdaT mcxeTis patriarqisagan, misi magivroba axla mawyverel
episkoposs unda gaewia. aseT qmedebaTa dros rogorc yvaryvare, ise mesxeTis
episkoposebi
adasturebenen
srul
erTgulebas
marTlmadidebluri
eklesiisadmi. TavisTavad am kuTxis eklesiac sulierad erTiani qarTuli
eklesiis nawilad, Tavisi suliT qarTul eklesiadve rCeboda, magram
damoukidebeli administraciuli saxiT surda Camoyalibeba politikosTa
nebiT. es ar iyo eklesiis SigniT mimdinare procesis gamoxatuleba, aramed
politikosTagan
Tavsmoxveuli
neba.
maSasadame,
Tu
es
survili
ganxorcieldeboda, erTiani qarTuli eklesiis wiaRSi warmoiSveboda
ramdenime saeklesio administraciuli erTeuli iseve, rogorc berZnulsa da
somxur eklesiebSi. rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, erTian berZnul eklesiaSi
arsebobda
ramdenime
sapatriarqo
(konstantinopolis,
aleqsandriisa,
antioqiisa da sxva), ramdenime samTavarepiskoposo, aseve iyo somxur
eklesiaSic (arsebobda ramdenime sapatriarqo da sakaTalikoso), saqarTvelos
saxelmwifos daSlis Semdeg, maSasadame, unda warmoSobiliyo mesxeTisa da
dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio erTeulebi, Tavisi arsiT kvlav qarTulmarTlmadidebluri da sulieri TvalsazrisiT nawilni erTiani qarTuli
eklesiisa, mxolod ekonomikur-administraciulad damoukidebelni. am mxriv,
rogorc aRiniSna, maTi qmedeba ar ganixileboda sarwmunoebriv ganxeTqilebad,
aramed politikur aqtad. afxazeTis sakaTalikoso arsebobda erTian qarTul
sapatriarqoSi jer kidev saqarTvelos daSlamde. daSlis Semdeg misma
kaTalikosma meti saeklesio-administraciuli TavisTavadoba moipova rac,
rogorc Cans, sadavo sakiTxs ar warmoadgenda mcxeTisaTvis. mesxeTSi
arsebuli separatizmi ki misTvis miuRebeli iyo, radgan mahmadianuri agresiis
gamo safrTxes uqmnida mosaxleobis sulier simtkices.
saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqebi mTeli saukunis manZilze iRvwodnen
eklesiis gamTlianebisaTvis. TviTon kaTalikos-patriarqi daviTi, rogorc
Cans, Casula safaraSi, iq Seukrebia separatistebis mxardamWeri sasuliero
pirebi da `ujvrobiTa~ da `SeundoblobiT~ dausjia. kerZod, Cans, safaraSi
Casula daviT III gobelaZe (1435-1439, 1443-1459). mcxeTis sigeli gadmogvcems:
`...ese wigni da piri gkadreT Tquen qristes RmrTisa mier qarTlisa
kaTalikozsa daviTs me abelisZeman anCel arqimandritman qerobin mis Jamsa
Sedegad, odes mawyvereli da samcxis ebiskoposni Tquengan ujvaro da
Seundobelni iyvnes safarisa Tavzeda da Tqven didiTa xuaiSniTa makurTxeT.
aw dReisiTgan waRma Cemad dRed sikudilamde viyo Tqveni da Tquenisa
saydrisa erTguli da mefeTa mlocveli da yovelTa wirvaTa da locvaTa
Sina Tquen mogixseniebdeT. vinc Tqvengan ujvaro da Seundobelni iyvnen
Cvengan ujvaro da Seundobelni iyos. Tqvengan SeundobelTa ebiskoposTa
gverdiT Jami ara vwiroT sadamdis Tqvengan axsnilobisa da Sendobis niSani

ar mogvivides...~348. es sigeli, T. Jordanias Tanaxmad, dawerilia 1453 wels.

imave dros 1453-1459 wlebSi dawerilad miiCneva meore sigeli, romelSic
kvlav naxsenebia `safaris Tavi~, sadac Casulma saqarTvelos kaTalikosma
`ujvrobiTa~ da `SeundoblobiT~ dasaja urCi mawyvereli da zogierTi
samcxeli episkoposi349.
samcxeSi Casuli kaTalikosi, gawyromia agreTve safarisa da varZiis
berebs, romelTac gabedes da antioqiel-ierusalimeli mRvdelmTavrebi miiRes
TavianT monastrebSi. es ucxoelebi, rogorc cnobilia, iRvwodnen qarTuli
eklesiis daSlisa da TavianTi sapatriarqoebis sazRvrebis gafarToebisaTvis.
safareli da varZieli berebi sweren patriarqs: `ese wigni gkadreT Tqven
kaTalikozsa daviTs meufesa patronsa. dagideviT aRTqma... [Cven safarisa] da
varZiis ZmaTa mas Jamsa, odes mcbieri berZeni movida, cru winaswarmetyveli da
mcireTa raime sityviTa migvizidna. aw Tqven gagviwyeriT da kide umarTle
iyveniT, ....viTariTa wesiTa yofil varT, miTve wesiTa viyvneT arc misi wigni
vnaxoT, arc misi mcneba gavigonoT da arasTana misi aravirwmunoT. arc
umcxeToT Cveni mRvdeli da diakoni ikurTxebodes, arc javaxeTs da
walisyurs visaqmoT samwysobisa pirzeda da viyvneT Tqvenisa brZanebisa
morCilni...~350.
aqedan
Cans,
rom
berZeni
saeklesio
pirebi,
im
dros,
roca
konstantinopols osmalebi ipyrobdnen, dros ar kargavdnen da fiqrobdnen
TavianTi eklesiis samwyso gaezardaT qarTveli eris xarjze. isini midiodnen
saqarTvelos kuTxeebSi, aqezebdnen qarTvel samRvdeloebas, raTa urCoba
gamoeCinaT, CamoSorebodnen dedaeklesias da SeerTebodnen berZnuls. cxadia,
am dros maT mtkice marTlmadideblebad da samarTlianobis uzenaes
aRmsruleblebad mohqondaT TavianTi Tavi, Tavisi bunebiT ucxoTa mimndobi
da mSobliuris mimarT urCi qarTveli samRvdeloeba yurs ugdebda maT da
cdilobda dedaeklesiisagan administraciul gantorebas. ase misulan berZeni
mitropolitebi safarasa da varZiis monasterSi, am ambis SetyobisTanave,
rogorc sabuTebidan Cans, safaraSi Casula saqarTvelos patriarqi, kanonqveS
Seuyria urCebi, uRirsi episkoposebi ujvrobiTa da SeundoblobiT dausjia
da qarTuli eklesiis mdgomareoba gamousworebia. es momxdara 1453 wels.
cxadia, am wels safaraSi Sedga saeklesio Sekreba, romelmac miiRo es
gadawyvetileba.
17. samTavisis saeklesio Sekreba (1459)
sakaTedro anu saepiskoposo eklesiebs, romelTac `saydari~ (episkoposis
sayudari, e.i. dasayudebeli, sajdomi kaTedra) ewodebodaT, viTarca saeparqio
centrebs, rogorc wesi, gaaCndaT Semosavali TavianTi samwysodan, Cvenamde
moRweulia `samTavisis RmerTebis saydris samwysos dramisa da Sesavlis
wigni~351. Semosavlis aRmnusxvel am wigns aseve `gujaric~ ewodeba, igi
`ZveliTgan ganaCeni~ yofila. `ZveliTgan~ damtkicebuli es wigni, rogorc
Cans, xelaxla daumtkicebia 1459 w. krebas. wigni warmoadgens kanonebis
krebuls da exeba samwysos gadasaxads sxvadasxva sarwmunoebriv da
sayofacxovrebo momentebTan dakavSirebiT. rogorc aRiniSna, saqarTveloSi
kanonmdebels warmoadgenda umaRlesi saero da sasuliero xelisufalTa
erToblivi kreba, romelsac gamohqonda kanonebi anda amtkicebda Zvels. 1459

wels patron erisTav Salvas winaSe misula samTavneli episkoposi grigoli,

mas mouxsenebia, mis samwysoSi warmoqmnili mravali uweso saqmis Sesaxeb.
Salvas brZanebiT: `SeviyareniT Cuen cxrazmisxevisa samisave xevis krebulni
da mamasaxlisni da ese piri movaxseneT samTavnelisa da juarsa da
omoforasa~352.
ese igi Sekrebila sasuliero da saero xelisufalni. iv. surgulaZe wers
_ `is garemoeba, rom `krebulis~ sapirispirod mamasaxlisebia moxseniebuli
gvafiqrebinebs,
rom
aq
eklesiisa
da
eriskacebis
warmomadgenlebis
SexvedrasTan gvaqvs saqme. YTu `krebuli~ saerosac da saeklesio pirebis
saerTo krebas niSnavda, maSin mamasaxlisi calke aRar iqneboda gamoyofili.
am SemTxvevaSi `krebuli~ cxrazmisxevis soflebis samRvdeloebas unda
gulisxmobdes~353.
es samarTlis wigni sazRvravs samTavneli episkoposis uflebebsa da
Semosavals. pirveli muxlis mixedviT, Tu romelime xucesi (mRvdeli)
ukanonod dawers jvars axlo naTesavebs, naTlia-naTluls, monataceb qals
anu im pirebs, romelTa urTierTqorwineba akrZalulia _ samTavnel
episkoposs ufleba aqvs orive mxares gadasaxadi daados, viTarca damnaSaves
da es gadasaxadi unda gadaxdil iqnas aucileblad, Tundac rom qsnis
erisTavma
anda
samTavisis
mTelma
samwysom
(patronma
da
qveyanam)
uSuamdgomlon.
am
ZeglSi
orjer
gvxvdeba
sityva
`svindikinozi~
(svintikinozi), rac naTlias, naTlia-naTluls niSnavs. `svina~ - naTliaa, es
sityva aTonelTa nawerebSic gvxvdeba. am sityvisagan (svindikinozi) unda iyos
nawarmoebi - `svindisi~, `usvindiso~ _ unaTlio. Cans, niSnavs iseT adamians,
romelsac naTlia ara hyavs. naTliis movaleoba, Cans, aris ufro zneobis anu
sindisierebis elementebis Canergva naTlulSi.
meore muxlis mixedviT aznauriSvilebs marTebT episkoposs wirvisa Tu
wesis agebisaTvis miarTvan Sesabamisi gadasaxadi, esaa cxeni, iaraRi,
wasaxuravi (gardacvlilis wesis agebisa) da niSani. Sesabamisi gadasaxadi
ekuTvniT `msaxurs~ an `dabals~. samwyso sam SeZlebis fenad iyofa _
aznaurad, msaxurad da dablad.
mesame muxliT gansazRvrulia samwysoSi moRvawe xucesis gardacvalebisas
ra saxis gadasaxadi unda gadaexada ojaxs episkoposisaTvis, kerZod, xucesis
ojaxis gadasaxadi iseTivea, rogorc msaxurisa, Tu am SeZlebis araa xucesis
ojaxi, maSin `dabalis~ gadasaxadi mainc _ e.i. erTi xari unda gadaixados.
meoTxe muxliT kacis mkvlelis ojaxma episkoposs xuTi xari unda
gadauxados, moklulis ojaxma _ erTi. mexuTe muxliT colis ojaxidan
gaSvebis SemTxvevaSi qmarma episkoposs xuTi Zroxa unda gadauxados da ase
Semdeg, sul aris 27 muxli. eseni Seexebian kudian-mkiTxavTa, kudianis
damdaRavTa, msiZav-memruSeTa, uziarebelTa, xucesis mizeziT uziareblad
kacis sikvdilis Tu mounaTlavis sikvdilis, naTesavTa da naTelmironTa Sua
SecodebulTa
(dacemulTa),
qaliSvilis
momtacebelTa,
qmriani
qalis
momtacebelTa, codvil kacTa jvaris damwerel mRvdelTa da sxva msgavsTa
gadasaxdels episkoposis mimarT. rogorc iTqva, sul 27 muxlia. safiqrebelia,
rom es `samwysos sakanono wigni~, romelic iyo `ZvelTagan damtkicebuli~, win
edo zemoaRniSnul krebas 1459 wels. krebam es wigni xelmeored daamtkica da
zed daurTo Tavisi axali brZaneba (sul sami vrceli winadadeba): `da aw
Cueni brZaneba ase unda gaTavdes~354. kerZod, pirvelis mixedviT kacis

mkvlelma, aznaurma Tu glexma `sisxlis mesamedi~ anu sajarimo gadasaxadis

mesamedi `RmrTaebas unda miarTvas~, e.i. sakaTedro taZris anu saepiskoposo
centrs unda gadauxados. es exeba samwysosadmi miweril qsnis soflebsac. es
`sisxlis mesamedi~ kaTedras eZleva `mokluli micvalebulis mosaxsenieblad~.
episkoposi, rogorc wesi, samwysos moivlida xolme, es gulisxmobda
soflebSi didi amaliT Sesvlas, romelTac sofeli unda gamaspinZleboda
erTi an ramdenime dRis manZilze, rac sofels xSirad uWirda. amis gamo
krebis win samTavnel episkoposs abrkolebdnen aseTi Semovlis dros. krebam
daadgina _ `samTavnels samwysoSi Sesvla veravin dauSalos~. es dadgenileba
anu krebis sigeli SemdgomSi mefe Sahnavazma ganaaxla355.
18. svaneTis `saeklesio krebebi~ (XIII-XVIII ss.)
Cvenamde moRweulia saeklesio samarTlis istoriisaTvis mniSvnelovani
Zegli, romelsac `matiane suaneTisa krebisa~ ewodeba. maT pirobiTad
zogierTi specialisti hyofs `svaneTis saeklesio krebaTa pirvel matianed~356
da `meore matianed~357. `saeklesio krebebi~ am Zeglebs mxolod pirobiTad
ewodeba, faqtobrivad, masSi warmodgenilia im pirTa sia, romelTac eklesiis
mimarT garkveuli movaleoba gaaCndaT, anda Rvawlmosilni iyvnen eklesiis
winaSe. am pirebis erToblioba (romelTagan umravlesoba gardacvlili iyo
da sxvadasxva dros erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad moRvaweobdnen), romelTa
dasaxeleba-moxsenieba anu `sicocxlis wignSi~ Cawera udides saqmed miiCneoda,
warmoadgenda kidec `saeklesio krebas~. ase rom, rogorc aRiniSna, aq
saeklesio kreba pirdapiri gagebiT ar igulisxmeba. rogorc Cans, esaa
eklesiis wevrTa mier momzadebuli e.w. `cxovrebis wigni~ anu `sicocxlis
wigni~ savaraudoa, rom pirveli qristianebi adreul saukuneebSi (anda
romelime
qristianuli
mimdinareoba)
pirdapiri
mniSvnelobiT
igebda
saxarebiseul Txrobas uflis mier sicocxlis wignSi moxseniebulTa
gadarCenisa da meored mosvlis Semdgom saukuno sicocxlis damkvidrebis
Sesaxeb. Cans, pirvel qristianuli eklesiis wevrebi TviTon adgendnen
`sicocxlis wignis~ sias, romelSic SehyavdaT im pirTa saxelebi, romelTac
Rvawli miuZRodaT krebulis winaSe. ioane maxarobeli `gamocxadebaSi~ ambobs:
`vixile taxtze mjdomaris marjvenaSi naweri wigni... galobdnen axal
sagalobels da ambobdnen: `Sen xar Rirsi aiRo wigni da axsna misi beWdebi...
roca mexuTe beWedi aixsna, samsxverplos qveS davinaxe sulebi daxocilTa
RvTis sityvisaTvis... mieca TiToeul maTgans TeTri samosi... idgnen taxtis win
da kravis win spetaki samosiT Semosilni da palmebiT xelSi... aRar
moSivdebaT, aRarc moswyurdebaT, aRarc mze daswvavT da araviTari papanaqeba,
vinaidan kravi romelic taxtis SuaSia, aZovebs maT da sicocxlis wylis
wyaroze miiyvans da moswmends maT RmerTi TvalTagan yovelgvar cremls~
(gamocxadeba, 5:1,9; 6:9; 7:9,15-17).
am rwmeniT, rogorc Cans, pirveli qristianebis raRac nakadi an
mimdinareoba TviTve adgenda krebulis im wevrebis sias, romelnic RvTisa da
eklesiis winaSe damsaxurebisaTvis wignSi Caweris Rirsad miiCneoda. swored
aseTi saxis wigni, anu sia unda iyos `matiane suaneTisa krebisa~. misi
`pirveli matianes~ mTavari teqsti XIII-XIV saukuneebs exeba da Seicavs

svaneTis mRvdelmsaxurTa Semadgenlobasa da svaneTis eklesiaTa zogad

aRweras358 xolo `svaneTis saeklesio krebaTa meore matiane~ svaneTis
cxovrebis saerTo daqveiTebis mZime XVII-XVIII saukuneTa xanas359.
rogorc TviTon `matiane svanTa krebisas~ teqstidan Cans, arsebula wina
saukuneTa siebic, romelnic dro-Jamis msvlelobis gamo gacrecila Tu
gamqrala, amitomac SeudgeniaT axlebi. saerTod, rogorc Cans, saqarTveloSi
qristianoba pirvel saukuneebSi, mociqulTa droidan gavrcelda, xolo IV
saukunidan is Seicvala qristianuli eklesiis im epoqisaTvis misaRebi formiT
da sayovelTao xasiaTi miiRo. pirvel saukuneTa qristianobas specialistebi
`iudaur qristianobas~ uwodeben, xolo Semdgoms _ `elinur qristianobas~.
rogorc Cans, IV saukunidan CvenSi gavrcelebulma elinurma mZlavrma
qristianobam ver igua Zveli e.w. iudauri qristianoba da am Zvelma
qristianulma mimdinareobam mTebs Seafara Tavi. es rTuli sakiTxia da amis
Sesaxeb albaT sxva gamokvlevaa saWiro, yovel SemTxvevaSi, saqarTvelos
mTebSi
mcxovrebi
qarTveli
mosaxleoba
Rrma
qristiani
iyo
da
qristianobisaTvis mzad iyo Tavis dasadebad, Tumca zogierTi iseTi wesCveulebac hqondaT, romelTac axsnas ver uZebnian da warmarTobis
elementebad miiCneven. erTi aseTia magaliTad aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTaSi
e.w. `sisxliT ganwmenda~, rogorc cnobilia, zvarakis sisxls asxurebdnen
sxvadasxva Senobasa Tu nivTebze maT `gansawmendad~. es Cveva saTaves unda
iRebdes
ara
warmarTobidan
anda
iudevelobidan,
aramed
Cans
pirvelqristianTa an misi erT-erTi mimdinareobis Cvevidan, romelic `ioanes
gamocxadebis~ erT muxlze unda iyos dafuZnebuli _ `me vuTxari mas: `ufalo
Cemo Sen ici~. da man miTxra: `eseni arian didi gasaWiridan mosulebi,
gairecxes TavianTi samosi da gaaspetakes isini kravis sisxliT~ (gamocxadeba,
7:14).
kravis anu kuratis (zvarakis) sisxliT amJamadac xdeba `ganwmenda~
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTaSi, es momenti imis gamo wamovwieT, rom rogorc
Cans, ara mxolod XIX saukunis rusuli eklesiis wevrebisaTvis iyo ucnauri
saqarTvelos
mTis
mosaxleobis
qristianuli
wes-Cveulebebi,
aramed
aRniSnuli `elinuri qristianobis~ dafuZnebis Semdegve e.i. ukve IV-V
saukuneebidan, yovel SemTxvevaSi, rogorc
svaneTis magaliTi aCvenebs iq
mcxovreb mosaxleobas udidesi qristianuli rwmena hqonda.
rogorc amJamad Cveni yuriT gvesmis sazogadoebaSi gavrcelebulia cru
mosazreba, TiTqosda saqarTvelos mTis mosaxleoba sarwmunoebrivad ara
qristianebi, aramed ufro warmarTebi iyvnen da maTSi Semonaxuli adaT-Cvevebi,
dReobebi
Tu
dResaswaulebi
qristianobis
mcire
elementebis
mqone
warmarTul ritualebs warmoadgenen. es mosazreba saqarTveloSi TiTqmis
orasi wlis manZilze inergeboda XIX s. rusuli saegzarqosos daarsebis
Semdegve da sabolood ganmtkicda XX s-Si aTeisturi xelisuflebis dros. am
mosazrebis sisworeSi amJamad ara mxolod baris, aramed TviT mTis
mosaxleobac ki dajerebulia. sinamdvileSi ki analizi da Zeglebi, romelTac
miekuTvneba `svaneTis saeklesio krebaTa matiane~ sul sxva suraTs gviCvenebs.
`am metad mniSvnelovani sabuTidan irkveva, rom svaneTis eklesiaTa
mRvdelmsaxurebi Tavisi SemadgenlobiT Wreli da mravalricxovani yofila...
svaneTis eklesiaTa saqmianobas qorepiskoposni, mamasaxlisni da moZRvarni
warmarTavdnen... umravlesoba adgilobrivi yofila... X-XV saukuneebSi svaneTis

saerisTaoSi ramdenime `saqorepiskoposo~ yofila, maT Soris, mestiaSi (setis

monasteri), laSxeTSi, svaneTis `mTiuleTSi~ (zed qalaqs), aseve savaraudoa
svaneTis sxva adgilebSi. `svaneTis mTiuleTSi~ (XV-XVI saukuneTa mijna)
saepiskoposos arsebobaze `jafariZeTa sigelSi~ naTqvamia: zed qalaqsa kargi
sabatio gumbaTiani saydari juarcmisa saepiskoposo misiT omoforiTa
Semkobili, rac efiskopozsa da imisTanaTa saydars ekadrebis~360... svaneTSi
saerTo mniSvnelobis da ekonomikurad Zlier eklesias mamasaxlisTan erTad
meWurWle, molareTuxucesi, medroSe, jvris mtvirTveli da sxva moxelec
hyolia... etyoba svaneTis eklesiebi umetesad caiSelsa da cagerelis
meurveobasa da samwysoSi Sediodnen... svaneTis pirvel matianeze da
kvirikobisas eq. TayaiSvilma SeamCnia, rom svaneTis qorepiskoposebi xucesni
(da ara berebi) da saqarTvelos uZvelesi episkoposebiviT `colosanni~
yofilan... eq. TayaiSvilma gamoarkvia, svaneTSi drogamoSvebiT (sxvadasxva
saukuneSi) yvela sofelSi tardeboda saeklesio krebebi, romelSic mTeli
saero da sasuliero sazogadoebis SeZlebuli da Segnebuli masa iRebda
monawileobas,
swiravdnen
fulebs
Tu
xvadags,
inaniebdnen
codvebs,
acxadebdnen survils saeklesio matianeSi Sesuliyvnen `raTa meoreT mosvlis
dros mTavarangelozebs qristes winaSe TavianTi gvarebi waekiTxaT, svanebis
Rrma rwmeniT, vai imaT visac codva Seunaniebeli darCeboda, maTTvis
jojoxeTi gardauvali iyo~361. amiTaa gamowveuli is, rom saeklesio krebaTa
matianeSi ZiriTadad CamoTvlilia svaneTis mravalricxovani gvarebi. g.
gasviani mTlianad eTanxmeba am sakiTxebze eqvTime TayaiSvilis cnobebs,
romelic Tavmoyrilia k. kekeliZis saxelobis xelnawerTa institutis eqvTime
TayaiSviulis fondiSi. amasTanave unda aRiniSnos, rom svaneTSi daculi
Cveulebis Tanaxmad, weliwadis romelime dRes, svaneTis soflebis eklesiebSi
ikribeboda mrevli, romlis drosac sasaxelod miiCneoda eklesiisaTvis
raimes Sewirva, maTi siebi Cans dgeboda kidec, rasac unda asaxavdes `svaneTis
krebebis~ siebi.
19. saeklesio Sekrebani vaxtang VI-is, solomon I-is, Teimuraz II-isa da erekle II-is karze
XVII s-Si wmida mowamis luarsab II-is, ufro zustad rostom xanis Semdeg
sparseTma SeZlo qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobisaTvis erovnul-nacionaluri
saxis gamocvla imiT, rom qarTlis samefo taxtze mxolod mahmadian `mefe~ _
xanebs svamda. msgavsi viTareba iyo kaxeTSic. saqarTvelos kuTxeebi TandaTan
gamahmadiandnen (gansakuTrebiT aRmosavleTi kaxeTi, anu saingilo, qvemo
qarTlis mniSvnelovani nawili, aboci, taSiri, da mimdebare miwebi vidre
sevanis tbamde, mTeli mesxeTi, qvemo guria, anu qobuleTis mxare, afxazeTi,
sadac warmarT-mahmadiani Cerqezuli tomebi _ afsar-abazebi Camosaxldnen,
Sida qarTlSi TandaTan Camosaxldnen Crdilo kavkasiidan gaosebuli
dvalebi, qarTl-kaxeTis mahmadiani `mefe~-xanebis dros gagrZelda qveynis
politikuri daqucmaceba, urTierTbrZola mcire politikur-administraciul
erTeulTa Soris. mTel saqarTveloSi daiwyo qarTveli mSvidobiani
mosaxleobis tyveebad da monebad gayidva, gansakuTrebiT ki axalgazrdebisa
da bavSvebisa.
aseT dros qarTuli eklesia, miuxedavad qveynis spars-osmalTagan
dapyrobisa, aqtiurad ibrZoda qarTul-erovnuli saxelmwifos aRdgenisaTvis.
Cveni eklesiis meTaurebma icodnen, rom qristian-mironcxebul mefeTa taxtis

aRdgena ixsnida saqarTvelos yvela ubedurebisagan. imis Semdeg, rac qarTuli

eklesiis wmida kaTalikosi evdemozi mahmadiani rostom xanis winaaRmdeg
uSiSrad mebrZoli sikvdiliT dasajes (1643 w.), CvenSi TandaTan gaRrmavda
farTo gegma saqarTvelos `gamoxsnisa~ da `aRdgomisaTvis~. `gamoxsna~
gulisxmobda mironcxebul mefeTa taxtis aRdgenas, xolo `aRdgoma~ _
saqarTvelos dapyrobil-gamahmadianebuli kuTxeebis ukan, dedasamSobloSi
dabrunebas.
1. aseT dros eklesia midioda garkveul daTmobebze, raTa Tundac
dapyrobili qveynis saTaveSi mosuliyo patrioti moRvawe. 1705 wels
mowveulma saeklesio krebam qarTlis kaTalikosad airCia Zma vaxtang VI-isa
domenti IV. saqarTvelos mdgomareobis ramdenadme Semsubuqebis unari hqonda
vaxtang VI-s, romelsac taxtze asvla SeeZlo gamahmadianebis pirobiT, magram
vaxtangma ar isurva, ar uaryo sarwmunoeba. am dros vaxtangi sparseTSi
imyofeboda. `qarTlSi darCenilma vaxtangis mowinaaRmdegebma gadawyvites
esargeblaT am momentiT da qarTlis mefed daesvaT vaxtangis umcrosi
naxevarZma, znedacemuli da erismoZule kaci, gamahmadianebuli iese~362. maT
cili daswames vaxtang VI-s, TiTqos mas yurani daewvas. qarTlSi ajanyebis
dawyebis SiSiT SeZrulma sparseTis Sahis karma gadawyvita saerTod aRar
aeyvanaT bagrationebi (Tundac gamahmadianebulebi) samefo karze da qarTlis
taxtze asasvlelad gamogzavna iraneli moxele xolefa mirza-qafi.
2. `aRniSnuli mizezebis gamo domentim moiwvia saeklesio kreba, romelic,
Cans, gaimarTa 1712 wlis miwuruls. vaxuSti bagrationis cnobiT, am saeklesio
krebam erTxmad (`kaTalikosman, episkoposTa da samRvdeloebaman~) neba misces
vaxtangs qveynis interesebisaTvis mahmadianoba mieRo. saeklesio krebis aseTi
uprecedento gadawyvetilebiT domentim mkveTrad Secvala politikuri
mdgomareoba vaxtangis sasargeblod... imave krebam miiRo meore, aranakleb
mniSvnelovani da patriotuli gadawyvetileba, xolefa mirza-qafis gakicxvis
Sesaxeb~363.
krebis
mxardaWeram
ganamtkica
vaxtangis
poziciebi
taxtis
pretendentobisa, amasTanave, xolefa mirza-qafi iZulebuli gaxda Seewyvita
Tavisi saqmianoba qarTlSi da ukan dabrunebuliyo363.
Sedga Tu ara namdvilad saeklesio kreba 1712 wels? vaxuStis cnobidan
Cans, rom kaTalikosma da episkoposebma neba darTes vaxtangs gamahmadianebisa,
nebarTvis micema maT krebis mowvevis gareSec SeeZloT. Tumca ki SesaZloa
krebac Catarda. vaxuSti ase gadmogvcems am ambavs: `eha ucxo, rameTu
qristesTvis iZulebulisa vaxtangisaTvis neba-mowmoba sces kaTalikozman,
episkoposTa da samRvdeloTagan. xolo amisa myofelTa gankicxes xolofa da
warvida ispahansve~364.
3. l. menabdis mixedviT, 1716-1717 wels mowveulma saeklesio krebam sulxansaba gakicxa. ratom? sulxan-sabas evropidan dabrunebis Semdeg gavida samiode
Tve, iese taxtidan gadaayenes. `domentim amis Semdeg SeZlo mcxeTaSi
saeklesio krebaze gaekicxaT sulxan-saba orbeliani, romelsac mizezad
daudes `wminda papis gineba~365. is faqtic, rom sulxan-sabas pirdapir ar
dausaxeles gakicxvis mizezi da `papis gineba~ daabrales, mowmobs, rom
orbeliansa da samRvdeloebas Soris uTanxmoebas politikuri mizezi
hqonda~366.

1616-17 wlis saeklesio kreba, vfiqrobT, mowmobs or raimes. a. sulxan-sabas

e.w. `gakaTolikeba~ mxolod politikuri momenti iyo, saqarTveloSi
CamosvlisTanave man dagmo es orientacia, iwyo `papis gineba~ da male vaxtang
VI-s ruseTSi gahyva, rogorc marTlmadidebeli da daikrZala kidec ruseTis
marTlmadideblur eklesiaSi; b. aRniSnuli wlis krebam sparseTs aCvena
garkveuli politikuri Jesti, radganac sparseTsa da safrangeTs Soris
urTierTkavSiri Rrmavdeboda, TurqeTis SiSiT sparseTi im periodSi
yovelmxriv uwyobda xels kaTolikobas da cdilobda kidec am sarwmunoebis
ganmtkicebas367. amitom, Cans, krebam `arafranguli orientaciis~ cnobili
sasuliero piri dasaja, aseTad iqca sulxan-saba evropidan dabrunebis
Semdeg, es iyo loialuri Jesti sparsuli xelisuflebisadmi.
vaxtang VI-is ruseTSi gadasvlis Semdeg qarTli osmalebma daipyres,
qveyanas kidev ufro uaresi dReebi daudga, `qarTvelobas~ safuZveli
gamoecala. amitomac udidesi dResaswauli iyo 1744 wels Teimuraz II-is
qarTlis samefo taxtze mironcxebul, e.i. qristian mefed dasma;.
1744 wels Semdgarma saeklesio krebam anton I kaTalikosad gamoacxada.
Teimurazma da qarTlis gavlenianma Tavadebma erTxmad inebes anton I-is
sapatriarqo taxtze ayvana. amis safuZvels, albaT, warmoadgenda iqamde ori
wliT adre 1742 wlis saeklesio kreba, romelmac kaTalikosad airCia antoni.
1742 wlis ianvarSi sikvdilis pirze misulma kaTalikosma domenti IV-m
sakaTalikoso taxtze Tavis memkvidred daasaxela antoni. batoniSvilma
Tamarma, qarTlis samefo taxtis memkvidrem (meuRlem Teimuraz II-isa), moiwvia
saeklesio kreba 1742 wels, romelmac, rogorc vTqviT, kaTalikosad airCia
antoni, magram man uaryo es, ar ineba taxtze asvla da kaTalikosis maRali
wodeba misces urbnel episkoposs nikoloz xerxeuliZes. kaTalikos nikolozs
uaryofiTad axasiaTebs vaxuSti batoniSvili, igi raRac ubralo mizezis gamo
xanjliT gangmira erTma uRirsma kacma. amitomac, rogorc aRiniSna, vakanturi
adgili kaTalikosisa mefisa da mTavrobis gadawyvetilebiT daiWira antonma
1744 wels. amave wlis oqtomberSi antonma moiwvia saeklesio kreba, romelmac
gadawyvita Teimuraz II-is koronacia qarTuli wesiT, e.i. mefis adgili
saqarTvelos taxtze daiWira qristianma mefem;
5. 1748 wlis bolos Sedga sagangebo saeklesio kreba, romelsac miznad
hqonia dasaxuli iseTive mniSvnelobisa yofiliyo axali saqarTvelos
cxovrebaSi samefo taxtze mironcxebuli mefis asvlis Semdeg, rogoric iyo
ruis-urbnisis kreba da misi gadawyvetilebebi. 1749 wlis kreba warmoadgenda
aRniSnuli krebis faqtobriv gagrZelebas. kaTalikosma antonma krebas
warudgina skolebis gaxsnis sakiTxic, krebis dadgenilebis safuZvelze
gaxsnila stamba;
6. aseve erT krebad unda warmovidginoT 1755-56 da 1764 wlebSi Catarebuli
krebebi. kerZod, 1755 wlis 12 an 16 dekembers Semdgari kreba, romelsac
ganuxilavs
anton
kaTalikosis
mier
`qarTuli
sarwmunoebis~
(e.i.
marTlmadideblobis) uaryofisa da kaTolikobis miRebis sakiTxi, Semdgomi
mowvevis kreba
Semdgara 16 dekembers, amis Semdeg imave sakiTxze kreba
Semdgara 1756 wlis 4 aprils. faqtobrivad, am erTi krebis samive mowvevis
sxdomebze ganixiles erTi da igive sakiTxi, ris Semdegac antoni gamoacxades
sakaTalikoso taxtidan damxobilad da aiZules daetovebina saqarTvelo. am
krebas politikuri miznisTvis iyenebda mefe Teimuraz II, romelsac hqonda

mizezebi legitimuri TvalsazrisiT saSiS metoqed mieCnia anton II. es sakiTxi

ganxilulia qvemoT. Teimuraz II-is gardacvalebisTanave, erekle II-m
ruseTidan daabruna antoni da sakaTalikoso taxtze dasva. 1764 wlis
oqtomberSi mas miuCnevia saWirod saeklesio krebis mowveva, yvelasaTvis
cxadi iyo, rom antoni ara sarwmunoebrivi, aramed politikuri mizezebis gamo
iyo ganSorebuli sakaTalikoso taxts. politikuri mizezis gaqrobisTanave
antons umtkivneulod daubrunes dedaeklesiis mesaWis adgili. mxolod
antonis mecnieruli warmatebiT Sewuxebuli samRvdeloebis erTi nawili
zaqaria gabaSvilis meTaurobiT Sexvda kaTalikoss mtrulad. 1764 w. krebis
ZaliT maT mefem male miuCina sakadrisi adgili;
7. xonis saeklesio kreba (1761 w. 23 aprili). mefe solomon I-ma ramdenime
saeklesio kaTedra aRadgina, igi werda: `aRviZvri gonebiTa, raTa JamTa
viTarebisagan ganryvnilni eklesiani ganvaaxlo~368.
gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa miseuli ganmarteba eklesiisa _ `eklesia ara
marto Senebani da Semkobani taZarTani arian, aramed savsebai igi maT Sina
SekrebulTa RmrTis msaxurTa erTa simravlesa ewodebis, romliTa ididebis
Ze RmrTisa da mxsneli Cveni ieso~368.
mefe solomonma ineba xonis wmida giorgis taZris ganaxleba da
`ganTavisufleba~, `da davayeneT mTavarepiskoposad erisTvis Ze mrovel
yofili ioseb~. rogorc wesi, eklesias hqonda mefeTa mier damtkicebuli
`samrevlo Semosavlis gujari~, `niSnis gujari~ da `saxuceso gujari~ _
yvela es saSemosavlo wigni xonis eklesiisa `dakarguli iyo~, e.i. eklesias
Tavisi
mkvidri Semosavlis wyaro morRveuli hqonda da igi gasarkvevi
xelaxla iyo, amitomac `amazeda SamovkribeT: Tavad ufali Cveni netari
kaTalikozi besarion, ufliswuli Zma Cveni yovlad samRvdelo genaTis
mitropoliti ioseb, Wyondidis mitropoliti grigol, quTaTel mitropoliti
maqsime, Semoqmedeli mitropoliti nikoloz, mitropoliti daniel, bediel
mitropoliti maqsime, ierusalimis patriarqis veqili svimeon arqimandriti,
winamZRvari monazoni dayudebuli germane da sxvani erTobiT lixT-imerTa
krebulni~369. krebam `moikiTxa~ `eklesiis niSani, samrevlo, gamosavali da
saxuco~ da brZana: `niSnis~ Sesaxeb (niSani iyo is sargo eklesiisa, romelic
unda gadascemoda mas didebulis an aznauris ojaxidan, am ojaxis romelime
wevris gardacvalebis Semdeg, es iyo tansacmeli, satransporto saSualeba,
anda sxva raime piradi qoneba micvalebulisa, romelic eklesias unda
gadascemoda), rom `rogoraTac sxva samrevloSid iyos Tavadis da sapatio
kacis Svilis, aznauris Svilis niSani, egreT gangviwesebia~. krebam `saxucos~
Sesaxeb miiRo Sesabamisi dadgenileba. soflebis saydarSi unda ewira
mTavarepiskoposs,
Tu
ver
moiclida
mis
magier
dekanozs,
anda
jvrismtvirTvels unda ewira, `sawiravi~ Tanxa an xarji unda gaeRo TiTo
komls erTi Sauri, anda erTi Sauris produqti (puri an Romi) `glexi mesame
weliwads _ Sauri mTavarepiskoposs da Sauri jvarsa da jvrismtvirTvels~.
krebam miiRo xonis taZrisa da eparqiis ekonomikuri cxovrebis
ganaxlebisaTvis saWiro RonisZiebani, kreba moixseniebs Svid msoflio krebas
da oTx patriarqs, `Cvens kaTalikoz besarions~370;
8. nekresis saeklesio kreba (1762 w.). 1587 w. Sah-abasma kaxeTis mefes
aleqsandre levanis Zes waarTva samefos gaRma mxare _ kaki da eniseli, da
isini sasulTnod aqcia (pirveli sulTani iyo gaTaTrebuli mouravi

vaxvaxiSvili). es mxare im JamisaTvis nekreseli episkoposis samwysoSi Sevida.

`nekreseli giSelTan erTad darajad edga qristianobas gaRma-gamoRma
kaxeTSi, ingiloSi, WarSi (fifineTSi), belaqanSi, xunZaxSi, nuxpatSi da
sxvagan. 1746 w. lekebma nekresis eparqia daaqcies (ufro adre 1706 wels
amoagdes qarTuli sofeli vardiani). am mizezis gamo qarTl-kaxeTis mefe did
yuradRebas aqcevda nekresis eparqias. kaTalikos ioseb jandieris dros iq
nekresel episkopos dosiTeos ficxelaurs skolac gauxsnia. erekle meore am
skolisaTvis zrunavda. 1762 w. iosebma moiwvia saeklesio kreba, romelzedac
nekresis saqmeebis mowesrigebis sakiTxi wamoWra da saxelmZRvanelo
instruqciac Seadgina, rom nekresel episkoposs meti fasi hqonoda mTiulTa
TvalSi, daaxloebiT 1765 wels nekresis saeparqio kaTedra samitropolito
gaxda371.
1781 wels nekresis kaTedraze manglisidan gadaiyvanes ambrosi, magram mas
nekresi dangreuli daxvedria da SildaSi dabinavebula. 1795 w. Tbilisis
aoxrebis gamo igi ieremiasaebr hgodebda da mouwodebda xalxs sinanulisa da
gamosworebisaken: _ `SeviZuloT warmarToba, SeviyvaroT da davicvaT
qarTveloba~372;
9. erekle meoris mowveviT, jer kidev antonis dabrunebamde, 1762 wlis 20
dekembers Sedga saeklesio kreba. krebam gamosca `dadgenileba saeklesio
krebisa saepiskoposoTa marTvis Sesaxeb~, romelic Seicavs 11 muxls. pirveli
muxliT kreba afrTxilebs episkoposebs `uaRsarebod aravin daagdos~, meore
muxli sauflo dResaswaulTa da kviris wirvaze mTeli samwysos daswrebis
valdebulebas Seexeboda. mesame muxli iTxovs episkoposebs mefisa da
patriarqisaTvis moexsenebinaT samwysoSi myofi eklesiurad urCi pirovnebebis
Sesaxeb, mis dasjas mTavroba iRebda Tavis Tavze. sxva muxlebi mouwodebdnen
episkoposebs,
raTa
maT
yuradReba
mieqciaT
mRvdelTa
Sesamoslis
wesierebisaTvis, exeba saeklesio inventaris sisufTaves, wmida trapezis
gadasafareblebs da barZim-feSxumis Rirsebas. moxuc, uZlur mRvdels, mis
Semdgom beds Seexeba merve muxli, mecxrec agreTve moiTxovs mcodne mRvdlis
msaxurebas. meaTe da meTerTmete muxlebi Seexebian episkoposebs, mouwodebs
maT mRviZarebasa da samwysoSi codnis gavrcelebas. krebis dadgenilebas xels
awers mefe erekle da kaTalikosi iosebi. am krebis dadgenilebis analizi
iZleva uflebas iTqvas, rom es ufro sasuliero-saero mTavrobis `uwyebaa~
episkoposebisadmi, vidre kreba373;
10. aseTive saxisaa sxva `uwyebebi~ gamocemuli erekle II-isa da anton
kaTalikosis xelmoweriT 1768 wels, saTauriT `episkoposTa mimarT, maTi
umaRlesoba da ukeTilmsaxuresoba mefe irakli da maTi uwmidesoba da
unetaresoba patriarxi mefis Ze antoni esreT ganvsazRvrebT, vamcnebT,
movaxsenebT da ubrZanebT yovelTa saqarTveloisa mRvdelmTavarTa da
mwyemsTa WeSmaritTa esreT~374. es uwyeba Seicavs 35-muxlian miTiTebebs
episkoposebisadmi, raTa maT akurTxon da samwysoSi iyolion Rirseuli
mRvdlebi da sasuliero pirebi, rom maT SeZlon Svidive saidumlos
sisruliT aRsruleba, eklesiebSi hqondeT yvela saWiro saeklesio wigni,
xalxs aTqmevinon aRsareba da aswavlon umTavresi locvebi. eklesiebi iqonion
sufTad,
trapezi Semosili, mRvdlis Sesamoseli mTeli da sufTa, raTa
eklesiebSi iyvnen umTavresi xatebi, eklesiis moxatuloba saWiroebis mixedviT
ganaaxlon, sasuliero pirebma sakvebi miiRon zomierad, ar daTvrnen, soflis

mkiTxavebi da jadoqrebi Tu ar moinanieben, daisajon, xeebsa da raime niSnebs

xalxma Tayvani ar sces, uqme dRe daicvan, vinc ar iuqmebs, 40 joxi daartyan
(glexebs), an mefes gadascen (`maRali vinme~), eklesiis mamulis gacema
aikrZalos, eklesiis xatebi mxatvrebis mier daixatos, saeklesio wignebi ki
stamburi SeiZinon, saqarTvelos eklesiebi mamaTa mier mocemuli kanonebiT
moewyvnen: `viTarca ars yovelsa samarTlmadideblosa qveyanasa Sina
saberZneTisa da ruseTisa, egreT jer ars CuenTaca eklesiaTa Sina~375.
arsebobs mosazreba, TiTqosda zaqaria gabaSvilis moTxovniT 1768 wlis
krebam dawva antonis `apoloRia~ da `miwyale~, TiTqosda antons Seefica
krebisaTvis, rom am Txzulebebs dawvavda376, rac saeWvoa. 1765 wlis 16
noembris saeklesio
krebam erekles winadadebiT gaauqma mefis disa da
giorgi amilaxoris qorwineba, rac iqca sababad cnobili SeTqmulebisa paata
vaxtang VI-is Zis meTaurobiT, romelic CaxSobil iqna377;
11. T. Jordanias cnobiT, daaxloebiT 1779 wels Sedga saeklesio kreba rva
mTavarepiskoposis da mTavrobis monawileobiT. `daadgines, rom Tavidan
CamoecilebinaT samSoblos moRalate Tavadebi da samudamod gaeuqmebinaT
qsnisa da aragvis saerisTavoebi~378.
20. mcxeTa-Tbilisis (1755-1756 w.w.) kreba
Teimuraz II-isa da erekle II-is karze Semdgar saeklesio krebaTa Soris
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania 1755-1756 wels Semdgari kreba, romelmac
ganixila anton I-is e.w. `gakaTolikebis~ sakiTxi.
aRsaniSnavia, rom mraval gamoCenil mecnier-istorikoss aeWvebda antonis
e.w. `gakaTolikeba~ da mas miiCnevda legitimur niadagze warmoSobil
ciliswamebad. am mecnierTa Soris upirvelesad unda davasaxeloT gamoCenili
istorikosi vaxuSti batoniSvili. man saqarTvelos istoriis kvlevas
miudgomeli da obieqturi TvalsazrisiT miuZRvna mTeli Tavisi sicocxle.
bolo informacia misi uzarmazari monografiisa eZRvneba swored anton
kaTalikoss, romelSic naTqvamia: `SeuTqves kaxT antons frangoba mterobiT~,
esaa, rogorc aRvniSneT, misi istoriis bolo winadadeba qronologiur
nawilSi (damatebis saxiT erTvis ZiriTad Sromas), amis Semdeg vaxuStis
aRaraferi dauweria da male gardaicvala kidec (1758 wlis 4 Tebervali).
qristiani da morwmune kaci, udidesi pasuxismgeblobis mqone istorikosi
sikvdilis win sicrues ar Cawerda Tavis naSromSi. miT umetes, rom vaxuStim
sagangebod gamoikvlia antonis e.w. `gakaTolikebis~ saqme, risTvisac piradad
Sexvda moskovSi Casul antons 1757 wels. vaxuStis cnoba mniSvnelovania imiT,
rom igi Tanamedrove iyo movlenisa.
aRsaniSnavia, movlenasTan axlomdgom udides istorikosebs mari broses,
d. CubiniSvilsa da a. cagarels hqondaT vaxuStis msgavsi mosazreba, `rom
antoni laTinur unias ar Seucdenia da saqarTvelodan misi gaZeveba aixsneba
mxolod eWvebiT, romelic samRvdeloebaSi gaCnda antonis da italieli
misionerebis daaxloebis gamo (a. cagarelisa da d. CubiniSvilis azriT), anu
ubralod raRac mizeziT mefesa da antons Soris urTierTobis gamwvavebis
gamo (m. broses azriT). antonis `gaZevebis namdvili mizezi srulad ar aris
gamorkveuli, rac SeiZleba iTqvas amis Sesaxeb isaa, rom kaTolikosma dakarga

mefeebis
ndoba
raRac
mizezis
gamo,
rac
istorikosebs
jer
ver
gaurkveviaT~379.
ai, rogor warimarTa antonis e.w. gakaTolikebis saqme: yvelasaTvis, maT
Soris, antonisaTvis moulodnelad, 1755 wlis miwuruls, kaTalikosi
daapatimres, dilegSi Casves, gakriWes, `sisxli adines~, rogorc Cans, cemiT an
upatio mopyrobiT. dilegSi, anu sakanSi yofnisas antonTan agzavnidnen
misadmi mtrulad ganwyobil sasuliero pirebs dakiTxvis mizniT, romelTa
pasuxebze dafuZnebiTac mefem da saeklesio krebam gadawyvita kaTalikosis
umkacresi dasja ise, rom braldebuli arc naxes da arc mousmines. rogorc
aRiniSna, antoni `gakriWes da sapyrobiles misces. gakriWes yvela misi
Tanaziaric~380.
dapatimrebis win antoni seriozulad iyo avad. `mzametyvelebis~ werisas
`TavauRebelma muSaobam antoni daasneula. Tavad kaTalikosis gadmocemiT,
naTesavebi, mefis Svilebi urCevdnen mas xeli aeRo mZime Sromaze, eqimebic
ukrZalavdnen, vinaidan zurgis marjvena mxares, RviZlis siaxloves tkivilebi
daewyo~381.
dapatimrebulma
antonma
gadawyvita
mefisaTvis
TxovniT
miemarTa:
`mefisadmi wardgenil TxovnaSi Cans, rom antoni sapyrobileSia. misi
urTierToba mefesTan zaqaria gabaSvilis, kaTalikosis Seurigebeli mtris,
meSveobiT xorcieldeba. antoni382.
aseT mdgomareobaSi myofma antonma, romelmac ar icoda ra xdeboda mis
gare samyaroSi da eloda sikvdils, mefes mimarTa TxovniT, miecaT qveynis
datovebis neba, Tu amis nebasac ar momcemT, swerda igi mefes _ `maSin sjobia
momklaT~383.
platon ioselianis Canaweridan SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom jer daapatimres
antoni da mxolod Semdgom Seudgnen im sababis moZiebas, rac safuZvlad
daedeboda antonis gamtyunebas. Tavdapirvelad, zaqaria gabaSvilze ufro
adre, dapatimrebul antonTan SeugzavniaT ori arqimandriti. maT mier
antonisadmi micemuli kiTxvebidan SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom antons jer kidev
ar debdnen bralad `gakaTolikebas~, aramed cdilobdnen misTvis urwmunoeba
daebralebinaT: `wargzavnil arqimandritebs kaTolikosisaTvis ukiTxavT,
swams Tu ara mas RmerTi. kaTalikoss pasuxi ar gaucia, rac arqimandritebs
krebisaTvis mouxsenebiaT. es orjer da samjer ganmeorebula, mesamed, icoda
ra, rom eklesiis kanonebiT samgzis dakiTxvis Semdeg braldebuls
asamarTleben, Tuki igi Tavs ver
imarTlebs, kaTalikoss fsalmunis
sityvebiT upasuxnia: `Tqva ugunurma gulsa Sina Tvissa: ara ars RmerTi~,
saerTod, Tavidan kaTolikosi mtkiced idga da ar surda moenaniebina~384.
krebam 1755 wlis 16 dekembers gankveTa antoni, aukrZala RvTismsaxureba.
Sedga Tu ara namdvilad krebebi? dilegSi damwyvdeulma antonma Semdeg
gadawyvita `monanieba~, ris sanacvlodac mefes mosTxova sagangebo sabuTi
ruseTSi warsadgenad. am sabuTis dedani antonma TviTonve dawera da mefes
gaugzavna xelmosawerad. mefem am sabuTs xeli ar moawera, magram sanacvlod
gadasca saeklesio krebebis ganCinebebidan amonaweri. SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom
sinamdvileSi Sedga Sekrebani, sadac Tavis droze dokumentebi ar Seqmnila,
magram radganac antoni iTxovda dokumentebs sagangebod misTvis gadasacemad,
ukana ricxviT Seadgines krebebis aqtebi da gadasces antons. yovel

SemTxvevaSi, CvenTvis xelmisawvdom ambrosi nekreselis krebulSi 1755-56

wlebis saeklesio krebaTa aqtebs xelmowerebi ar aqvs385.
1755 wlis 16 dekembers mowveul saeklesio krebas gamoucia ori aqti,
pirvelSi naTqvamia: `q. Cven cxebulman saqarTvelosaman Teimuraz da Zeman
Cvenman mefeman kaxeTisaman iraklim ese aRTqma da piri davamtkiceT da
ucvaleblad davdeviT krebasa Sina. vpoveT antoni kaTalikozi romaelTa
sarwmunoebaTa aRmsareblad da CvenTa sarwmunoebaTa Seuracxmqmnelad. amas
zeda SevikribeniT sabrZanebelTa Sina CvenTa qarTlisa da kaxeTisa
mitropolitni da episkoposni, arqimandritni da winamZRvarni, agre orTave
samefoTa mTavarni da darbazis erni. mouvlineT mociqulni, vkiTxeT da
vamxileT misi boroti cTomileba. xolo man saanjmnoda aRiara Cvenisa
sarwmunoebisagan midreka da laTinTa sarwmunoebisa aRsareba daamtkica. ese
aw Sekrebulman wmidaman krebaman ugulebel hyo da antoni kaTalikozi
samociqulosa saydarisa da kaTolike eklesiisagan jerovnad aRmovfxvariT
da kaTalikozobisagan ganvayeneT...~386. iqve fics deben mefeni _ Teimurazi da
erekle, ar Secvalon es gadawyvetileba.
rogorc iTqva, imave 1755 wlis 16 dekembers Semdgarma krebam gamosca e.w.
`sinanulad gankanoneba~, romelSic meordeba aRniSnuli teqsti. Semdgom
naTqvamia, rom dasjidan ramdenime dRis Semdeg antoni `kualad cnobad
movida, sinanulad iwyo da agreTve qarTvelTa sarwmunoebisa aRsareba, fici
da aRTqma daudva~387. krebam aseTi sakanono daado antons: `radgan aTvrameti
Tve hqonda wvalebasa Sina sxvasa sinanulisa gareT, aTvrametive Tve
wirvisagan daayenes. mereRa Semdgomac aTvrametis Tvis Seiwynares da wirva
misces...~387. iqve, kreba iTxovs monaniebis Semdegac antoni aRar aiyvanon
sakaTalikoso taxtze. ufleba misces darCeniliyo saqarTveloSive, anda
wasuliyo romelime marTlmadideblur qveyanaSi. krebis am gadawyvetilebis
safuZveli iyo antonis mier micemuli Txovna `xelwerili~, masSi naTqvamia
igive, rac krebam gaimeora. TxovnaSi antoni `aRiarebda~, rom igi Secda da
cxadad aRiara `laTinTa sarwmunoeba~, risTvisac samarTlianad daisaja,
`xolo ukanasknel cnobad ra moved da vcan WeSmariti sarwmunoeba, viwye
tirilad, godebad da sinanulad da amasTan uarvyav borotad madidebloba
laTinTa~387. igi umorCilesad iTxovs Tvrameti Tvis Semdeg miscen wirvis
aRsrulebis neba, radganac amdeni xani TiTqosda igi `kaTolike~ iyo. Tu
wirvis
nebas
miscemdnenamiT
antoni
mRvdlobis
madls
daibrunebda.
`xelwerilSi~ amitomac debda pirobas, SeCvenebuli viyo Tu `Semdgomad
mRvdlobisa SurisgebisaTvis mefe, anu episkoposi, anu mRvdeli vswyevlo
saqarTvelosa Sina~388.
rogorc iTqva, mefem da krebam antonis Txovna daakmayofiles mxurvale
Txovnis Semdgom. antonma icoda, rom ruseTSi mas araTu mRvdelmTavrad
miiRebdnen, aramed, SesaZloa arc ki SeeSvaT, Tu xelT ar eqneboda mefeTa
mier gacemuli damadasturebeli werilebi. amitom gulmxurvaled iTxova
daebrunebinaT misTvis mRvdelmTavris wodeba da miecaT Sesabamisi cnoba. am
cnobis misaRebad antoni mzad iyo yovelgvari saxis `monaniebis~ sabuTi mieca
mefeTa da krebisaTvis. igi werda gulisamaCuyebel Txovna-werilebs mefe
Teimurazs. marTlac, 1756 wlis 4 aprils gamoica `ganCineba~. igi gamocemulia
mefeTa mier da, faqtobrivad, warmoadgens antonisadmi gacemul cnoba-werils.

igi rom mefeTa mieraa gacemuli da ara krebis mier, iqidanac Cans, rom masSi
mefeebi pirveli piriT laparakoben, antons sweren: `garna saydarsave aRsvla
Seni cxovrebasa Sina Sensa arRara iqmneboda, orTave mefeTa krebasa ficiT
esreT dagvemtkica~389. antonisadmi micemul am cnoba-ganCinebaSi~ naTqvamia:
`friad
wadier
iqmen
yovliTurT
keTilmsaxursa
da
yovliTurT
marTlmadidebelsa
imperiasa
ruseTisasa
warsvlad,
romelica
umetes
gulsavse gvyofda marTlmadideblobasa Sensa. amas zeda yovelTave erTobiT
mefeTa da krebaman SevamokleT kanonni, romelnica gangvewesnes, raTa Rirs
iqmne
usisxlosa
msxverplsa
Sewirvad...
da
esreT
pativiTa
mRvdelmTavrobisaTa warggzavnes da Rirs ars Sewynareba Seni mRvdelmTavrad
marTlmadideblad da sadaca mixvide dauyovneblad xelyofad saRmrTosa
liturgiisa
yovlisa
samRvdelmTavroisa
moqmedebisa,
viTarc
389
mRvdelmTavari~ .
antoni aRadgines mRvdelmTavris xarisxSi 18 Tvis nacvlad, 3 Tvis Semdeg,
misces liturgiis aRsrulebis neba. am cnobiTa da mRvdelmTavris wodebiT
aRWurvili antoni wardga ruseTis wmida sinodis winaSe, sadac mtkiced
ganacxada, rom mefe Teimurazma `cili dawama da gaamtyuna udanaSaulod~390.
antoni acxadebda, rom igi arasodes yofila `gakaTolikebuli~ da rom mas
codva marTlmadideblobis winaSe ar miuZRoda. maS, riT iyo ciliswameba
gamowveuli? Teimuraz mefes surda Cemi damxoba sakaTalikoso taxtidan,
radganac eSinoda Cemi, viTarca politikuri mowinaaRmdegisao. `Tumca me viyav
beri, ambobs is, magram ara iseTi, romelic mudam cxovrobs monasterSi~391.
maSasadame, antons SeeZlo qarTlis samefo taxtze asvla, Tuki igi amas
Seecdeboda. magram hqonda Tu ara bers amis ufleba? rogorc antonis zemoT
moyvanili sityvidan Cans, antons amis ufleba hqonda, saqarTvelos istoriaSi
aris magaliTebi, roca kaTalikosebic saero Tanamdebobebs iWerdnen, anda
mTavrobis aqtiuri wevrebi da saero-saqveyno cxovrebis warmmarTvelebi
iyvnen, esaa cnobili faqtebi (mag.: Wyondidelis mier saqarTvelos mTavrobis
marTva da sxv.). magram aris aseve ufro cxoveli magaliTebi. magaliTad,
gurielTa samTavro saxlis Svili svimoni berad iyo aRkvecili daaxloebiT
1657-1660 wlebSi, miuxedavad amisa, mas imereTis mefe aleqsandrem uboZa guriis
mTavris tituli, berma simonma gaixada beris Coxa da avida guriis mTavris
taxtze, gaxda mTavari guriisa. eklesiis mxridan am yofil bers daades
sakanono _ beris Coxis gaxdis sanacvlod, mTavarma eklesias Seswira erTi
sofeli, romlis Sesabamisi sabuTic moRweulia Cvenamde392.
arsebobs meore magaliTic, roca erTma kaTalikosma Tavis xelSi aiRo
saqarTvelos erT-erTi kuTxis mTavroba: afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos)
kaTalikosi malaqia amave dros iyo guriis mTavaric. misi tituli iyo
`guriel-kaTalikosi patroni malaqia~, cxovrobda XVII s-is dasawyisSi393.
saqarTvelos istoriidanac aris magaliTebi, roca berad Semdgarma
pirovnebam gaixada sabero Coxa da avida samefo taxtze. magaliTad, daviT
aRmaSeneblis Ze demetre I aiZula Svilma daviT V-m mietovebina samefo taxti,
igi berad aRikveca, Svilis sikvdilis Semdgom ki gaixada beris Coxa da kvlav
dajda mefis taxtze, aseve kaxeTis mefem aleqsandrem miatova mefoba, aRikveca
berad, Semdeg ki gaixada beris Coxa da avida samefo taxtze.

msgavsi movlenebi cnobili iyo saqarTveloSi da ar qmnida iseTi saxis

uxerxulobas, rogoric SeiZleboda msgavsi movlenisas warmoSobiliyo
ruseTSi, radganac ruseTisagan gansxvavebiT saqarTvelos eklesias hqonda
farTo saxelmwifo-mmarTvelobiTi uflebebi. TviTon anton kaTalikosis wina
kaTalikosi domenti IV-c, rogorc misi Tanamedroveni fiqroben, cdilobda
beris Coxis gaxdas da qarTlis samefo taxtis daWeras orjer sxvadasxva
wels, qarTlSi rogorc sparsTa, ise osmalTa mbrZaneblobis dros.
magaliTad, sparsTa mbrZaneblobis dros, vaxuStis cnobiT, qarTlis
droebiTma gamgebelma svimonma daapatimra kaTalikosi domenti da wauyena
saxelmwifo taxtis mitacebis braldeba. `dapatimrebuli domenti ganaCenis
aRsasruleblad gadasces vaxtangis ufros Svils baqars, romelic im dros
sisxlis samarTlis saadministracio uwyebas ganagebda~1. vaxuStis cnobiT,
`domenti namdvilad imitom midioda Suris cixeSi, rom iq Tavi mefed
gamoecxadebina~394. qarTlSi osmalTa Semosevis Semdeg stambolSi Casuli
domentis Sesaxeb arsebobda mosazreba, `TiTqos domenti kaTalikosi
konstanti-nopolSi gaemgzavra im mizniT, raTa qarTlis mefoba Caegdo
xelSi~395.
maSasadame, antonis winamorbedi domenti kaTalikozis Sesaxeb samefo
saxlsa da imdroindel sazogadoebaSi arsebobda myari Tvalsazrisi, rom igi
cdilobda sabero Coxis gaxdas da qarTlis samefo taxtis daWeras. es azri
didad awuxebda samefo saxlis wevrebs da isini iRebdnen Sesabamis zomebs
amis aRsakveTad (sxvaa is, namdvilad surda Tu ara domentis samefo taxtze
asvla). aseTi viTarebis dros, roca kaTalikoss SeeZlo samefo taxtze asvla,
Teimurazis SeSfoTeba bunebrivia. qarTlis Tavadebi da maTi momxre
mosaxleoba uaryofda Teimurazis legitimur uflebas qarTlis taxtze.
antons ki am dros taxtze asvlis kanonieri ufleba hqonda (sxva sakiTxia is,
rom antonma piradad uari ganacxada am taxtze).
zemoT moyvanilidan gamomdinare, ruseTis sinodis winaSe gamosvlisas
antoni ar tyuoda. Tuki isurvebda, antons SeeZlo monastridan gamosvla da
qarTlis taxtis daWera, swored amis gamo damwama cili SeSfoTebulma
Teimurazma da saqarTvelodan gamomaZevao, ambobda antoni sinodis winaSe.
antonma msgavsadve mimarTa imperatricas396. kerZod, antoni werda, rom
qarTlSi didi areulobaa, `...Tumca amis gamo RvTiT boZebuli samwyso ar
unda mimetovebina, magram roca Tavadebs codvebis monaniebas movuwodebdi da
vurCevdi, ukeTurebaze xeli aeRoT, es ver aitanes da moiwadines Cemi damxoba,
rasac mizezis gareSe ver miaRwevdnen, amitomac damadanaSaules da
gamomicxades, sadac gnebavs wadio. vinc axla saqarTveloSi mefoben, taxtis
memkvidreni ar arian. saqarTvelo ekuTvnis papaCems da Cemi gvaris
samemkvidroa. marTalia, beri viyavi, magram sul monasterSi ar micxovria.
yvela Tavadi da pativdebuli adamianebi, vinc biZaCemis (vaxtang VI) da
mamaCemis (ieses) aRzrdilebi iyvnen, ganawyenebis Jams me mommarTavdnen da mec
yovelTvis vamSvidebdi, ris uflebasac Tanamdeboba maZlevda. amas mefe ver
itanda da erTxelac gadawyvita Cemi damxoba. moigona mizezi, cili damwama,
damadanaSaula, davkarge xarisxi da wamovedi...~397. yoveli sityva simarTlis
Semcvelia. antonma daasaxela saqarTvelos is moxeleebi, romelnic uwesobas
sCadiodnen da aviwroebdnen mosaxleobas, amitomac amxelda maT kaTalikosi:
`me gamoveqomage Cagrulebs, risTvisac Tavadebma da TviT mefemac SemiZules,

kaTolikoba damwames da gamaZeves, es rom marTali yofiliyo, romSi wavidodi

da ara ruseTSio~397.
WeSmariti marTlmadidebluri rwmenis aRiarebis safuZvelze ruseTis
sinodma antoni gaamarTla, xolo imperatricam mianiWa ruseTis erT-erTi
centraluri samRvdelmTavro kaTedra. maSasadame, antonis e.w. `gakaTolikeba~
ciliswamebad miiCnies da irwmunes antonisa, rom igi udanaSaulod iyo
gamoZevebuli saqarTvelodan. `imperatricam 1757 wlis 8 agvistos sinods
ubrZana antonisaTvis CaebarebinaT eparqia moskovis maxloblad. wm. sinodma
1757 wlis 1 dekembris gankargulebiT antons SesTavaza vladimirisa da
iaropolis saepiskoposo kaTedra~398. iqamde ki antoni wmida sinodis StatSi
iyo Caricxuli.
antoni rom ar cruobda da namdvilad ciliswamebad miaCnda misTvis
`gakaTolikebis~ dabraleba, Cans antonis piradi werilebidan masTan erTad
dasjili pirebisadmi. am ukanasknelebma, cxadia, kargad icodnen, Tu risTvis
iyvnen dasjilni da amitomac antonis mier maTdami gagzavnil werilebSi
mxolod
simarTle
unda
Tqmuliyo.
werilebi
gamiznuli
iyo
ara
gamosaqveyneblad, aramed, albaT, konspiraciulad gadaecemoda adresats,
romelsac SeeZlo maTi ganadgureba, anda dawva. Cven mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs
antonis werilebi protopresviter aleqsi mesxiSvilisadmi, romelic Tavis
droze antonis Tanamzraxvelobis gamo sastikad iyo dasjili. 1758 wels
dasjidan arcTu ise didi xnis gavlis Semdeg antoni saqarTveloSi darCenil
aleqsis swerda, rom maT orTaves, cili daswames da usamarTlod dasajes.
cxadia, antonis Tanamzraxvelebma da TanamoRvaweebma kargad icodnen, cili
daswames Tu ara maT da sasjeli kanonieri iyo Tu ukanono. cili rom ar
daewamebinaT maTTvis, antoni megobars amis Sesaxeb arafers miswerda. kerZod,
antoni swers aleqsis: `adamianebma, romlebic Tavisi saxeliT movidnen,
dagvglijes da dagvfantes Cven _ uflis saxeliT mosulni da im dRes
sisxlma Senma viTarca marTali abelisa da zaqarias sisxlma RmerTs
SehRaRada~330. antoni, romelic Tavis Tavs uwodebs `uflis saxeliT mosuls~,
sicrues ar miswerda ambis TviTmxilvel da monawile sasuliero pirs. am
pirs iseve marTlad miiCnevs, rogorc bibliur abels. rogorc abelis
sisxlma SehRaRada RmerTs, aseve SehRaRada marTali aleqsi mesxiSvilis
sisxlma, romelic ucemiaT dapatimrebis Jams. igi iseve udanaSaulo yofila,
rogorc winaswarmetyveli zaqaria, romelic aseve udanaSaulod dasajes. sxva
werilSi antoni erTgulebisaTvis dasjil aleqsis ase amxnevebda weriliT:
`Sen aRdgebi da amxel mas, vinc borotad cili gwama winaSe uzenaesi
msajulisa, romelsac Sexvdebi caTa Sina, raTa masTan moipovo saukuno
sasufeveli~399.
ufro naTlad gamoTqma SeuZlebelia, rom antons cildawamebul
pirovnebad miaCnia Tavisi Tavi, maSasadame, igi miiCnevda, rommarTali iyo
marTlmadideblobis winaSe, mas kaTolikoba arasodes miuRia.
aRsaniSnavia, rom, rogorc Cans, erekle mefes ar sjeroda antonis
`gakaTolikeba~, sindisi qenjnida misi udanaSaulod dasjis gamo da amitomac
saqarTvelodan gadasaxlebul antons gzaSive miadevna aseTi Sinaarsis
werili 1756 wlis 26 noembers: `me uSenod ver viqnebi, Torem bolos
gamoCndeba, me uSenod ara meameba ra~400. marTlac, Teimuraz mefis
gardacvalebisTanave ereklem ukan, saqarTveloSi, miiwvia antoni da dasva

sakaTalikoso taxtze. rogorc aRiniSna, antonma ruseTis sinodisa da

imperatoris winaSe Tavis udanaSaulod ciliswameba-dasjaSi daadanaSaula
Teimuraz II da qarTlis Tavadebi, werilebSi adanaSaulebda zogierT
samRvdelo pirsac. amitomac ganvixiloT es sakiTxebi cal-calke da agreTve
antonis damokidebuleba laTin patrebTan.
a) antonis urTierTdamokidebuleba Teimuraz II-sa
da TavadebTan
antonis mama iyo qarTlis kanonieri mefe iese levanis Ze. sparsuli
kanonebis Tanaxmad, qarTlis mefobis legitimuri ufleba gadadioda ufrosi
Zmidan momdevnoze. levan muxranel-bagrationis Semdeg sparselebma qarTlis
mefeebad daadgines erTmaneTis Semdeg misi vaJebi, maT Soris vaxtang VI da
iese. amitomac vaxtang VI-isa da ieses STamomavlebi (baqar mefe, aleqsandre,
abdula-arCili) ibrZodnen kidec qarTlis samefo taxtis xelSi Casagdebad.
qarTlis mefeebs im dros sparseTis Sahi niSnavda. qarTlisaTvis erTmaneTs
edavebodnen osmaleTi da sparseTi. osmalTa Semotevisas (1723 w.) dakavebuli
proosmaluri orientaciisaTvis iese mefes sparselebma osmalTa gandevnis
Semdeg aRar misces qarTlis taxti, xolo vaxtang VI-is prorusuli
orientaciiT sastikad gaRizianebulma sparseTma saerTod CamoarTva muxranel
bagrationebs qarTlis taxti, romelic Semdgom gadaeca kaxel bagrationebs,
rasac ar urigdebodnen rogorc vaxtang VI-is STamomavlebi, aseve qarTlis
zogierTi Tavadi.
anton kaTalikosis genealogia aseTia:
rogorc iTqva, sparseTis Sahma qarTlis mefeTa taxti CamoarTva qarTlis
bagrationebs da gadasca kaxel bagration Teimuraz II-s. anton I-is deda, dai
Teimurazisa, qarTlis taxtis erTaderT kanonier memkvidred miiCnevda Tavis
Svils, momaval kaTalikoss. `antonis RvTismoSiSi deda, romelic cdilobda
SvilisaTvis epoqis Sesaferisi, yovelmxrivi ganaTleba mieca, sakaTalikoso
wodebisaTvis ki ar amzadebda mas, aramed samefo taxtis dasabruneblad
(saRvTismetyvelo mecnierebaTa Seswavlas da, saerTod, saRvTo werilis
codnas mefeTa yvelaze Rirseul samkaulad miiCnevdnen im dros)~401.
Tavisi miznis misaRwevad 1734 Tu 1735 wels dedam saswrafod gamoiyvana
monastridan iq saswavleblad Sesuli Teimurazi (ase erqva anton I-s berad
aRkvecamde) da ToTxmeti wlis ymawvili daaqorwina am droisaTvis qarTlis
faqtobrivad, mpyrobeli Tavadis givi amilaxvris qalTan. SesaZloa, es iyo,
niSnoba, radganac mTavarepiskopos timoTes cnobiT, Teimurazma uari Tqva
qorwinebaze, radganac surda monazvnoba da `sZulda amqveyniuri wuTieri
cxovreba~. rogorc cnobilia, male ise warimarTa qarTlisa da antonis
ojaxis saqme, rom antonma faqtobrivad uari Tqva taxtze. 18 wlisa 1739 wlis
2 Tebervals berad aRikveca gelaTis monasterSi, 3 Tebervals diakvnad
akurTxes, 1740 wlis 27 seqtembers akurTxes quTaTel mitropolitad.
antonis es qmedeba dedisaTvis iyo umZimesi dartyma, deda swerda antons:
`rad dahkarge samefo da imedi mefobisa~. dedis azriT, `moatyues ymawvili,
episkoposad dasves~402. `mxolod Sen unda gezruna Cvens dakargul taxtze~, _
swers elene sxva werilSi antons, _ `mxolod Sen xar erTaderTi memkvidre

sawyalobeli, RvTis piridan gadavardnili mamisa~403. gamahmadianebul

qarTlis mefe ieses antonis (Teimurazis) garda sxva Svilic hyavda, naxevarZma
antonisa arCili (igive abdul-begi), magram igi elenes ar miaCnda kanonier
memkvidred, radganac ukanono Svili iyo (misi deda iyo coli erTi Tavadisa.
iesem mas waarTva da Tavad SeirTo).
qarTlis taxtisTvis daucxromlad ibrZodnen vaxtang VI-is STamomavlebi,
da agreTve, Teimuraz II, abdul-begi da axalgazrda Teimurazi (momavali
antoni). Teimuraz II-s seriozul metoqed miuCnevia axalgazrda Teimurazi,
gansakuTrebiT daufrTxia mis damoyvrebas givi amilaxvarTan, amitomac
fiqrobs T. Jordania, rom 14 wlis ufliswuls sacole Sahma waarTva
Teimuraz II-is intrigebiT404.
Teimuraz II (1700-1762), Rrmad morwmune qristiani, saxelovani poeti da
qarTuli kulturis Tavdadebuli moamage, iranis Sahma qarTlis mefed
daamtkica 1744 wels. Teimurazma axalmokluli kaTalikosis adgili uboZa
antons. sxvaTa Soris, qarTlSi didi gavlenis mqone abdul-begsa da
Teimurazs Soris urTierTSeTanxmebiT momxdara antonis ayvana sakaTalikoso
taxtze 1744 wels. jer kidev 1742 wlis krebam antons sakaTalikoso taxti
SesTavaza. 1744 wels antonma kaTalikosad kurTxevamde miiRo nadir-Sahis
dasturi. `Sahis sigelSi, sxvaTa Soris, naTqvami iyo: misTvis cnobili gaxda
saeklesio krebis mier Teimuraz II-is disSvili maRalyovladusamRvdeles
antonis
qristianuli
religiis
dogmatebSi
ganswavlulisa
da
mRvdelmTavarTa Soris upiratesis arCeva, ris gamoc yvela kmayofilia da
Sahs yvela SuamdgomlobiT mimarTavs. amitomac Sahi mas, winare kaTalikosTa
msgavsad 1000 Tumans (e.i. 10.000 man) uniSnavs da usurvebs, Cveuli wesiTa da
rigiT gauZRves Tavis samwysos. Semdgomma Sahebmac daadastures es
gankarguleba, magaliTad, ismailma 1747 wels, ibrahimma _ 1748 wels
kaTalikoss gamougzavnes samosi da anafora. samagierod ki orive ubrZanebda,
ar Careuliyo saeklesio mamulebis saqmeSi~405.
1747 wels Teimuraz II iZulebuli gaxda irans gamgzavre-buliyo, rac iyo
Tavganwirva eris gadasarCenad. qarTlSi ufro metad gaRvivda dinastiuri
omi, mas saTaveSi edga anton I-is Zma abdul-beg ieses Ze. amis gamo Teimurazma
irCia kompromisi da iranSi gamgzavrebis win qarTlis gamgebloba ereklesa
da abdul-begs Caabara. abdul-begi qarTlis taxtis kanonier memkvidred
miiCnevda Tavs, Tumca ufleba Teimurazsac hqonda, radganac misi meuRle
Tamari vaxtang VI-is asuli iyo. abdul-begi ereklesagan moiTxovda xeli aeRo
qarTlze. antoni cdilobda abdul-begis Serigebas mefesTan. iqamde ki
dedofal Tamaris gardacvalebis Semdeg Teimurazi abdul-begis naTesavze
ana-xanumze daqorwinda, xolo abdul-begs SerTo erekle I-is qaliSvili
begumi. es iyo Teimurazis iranSi gamgzavrebamde, magram damoyvrebam
dinastiuri omi ar daacxro. am omSi antonma, Tanaxmad zogierTi cnobisa,
mxari dauWira abdul-begs. abdul-begi damarcxda. Teimuraz II-s aseve
mosvenebas ar aZlevda fiqri ruseTSi gadaxvewili qarTlis taxtisaTvis
mebrZol vaxtang VI-is STamomavlobaze, antonis biZaSvilebze. vaxtang VI-is
SviliSvili,
baqaris
vaJi,
aleqsandre
batoniSvili
dauaxlovda
da
daumegobrda imperator petre III-s, misi daxmarebiT apirebda qarTlis taxtze
asvlas. am imperatoris gardacvalebis Semdeg SeZlo daaxloeba imperatrica
elisabedTanac da samefo karze fexi moikida. igi ruseTSi gadaxvewil

qarTvelTa Soris xlarTavda intrigebis bades Teimurazisa da erekles

winaaRmdeg.
1751 wlis 15 Tebervals Teimuraz-erekles laSqari WarSi sastikad
damarcxda, 1752 wels aseve damarcxdnen qarTvelebi ganjis omSi. saqarTvelos
mtrebi aiSalnen. mefeebi sagangebod emzadebodnen mozRvavebuli mtris
Sesakaveblad da Setevaze gadasasvlelad. Teimurazma da ereklem ruseTis
saxelmwifos mimarTes da jariT daxmareba sTxoves. aTanase Tbileli
episkoposisa da simon mayaSvilis elCoba ruseTSi (1752-1754) unayofo gamodga,
ruseTma uari ganacxada.
ruseTis maRal wreebSi myofi aleqsandre batoniSvili cdilobda
Teimurazis elCebi gadaebirebina, ruseTis samefo karsa da did moxeleebze
gavlenis ZaliT igi axerxebda CaeSala qarTvel mefeTa elCobis miznebi406.
`misi iniciativiT CaiSala 1754 wels Teimurazis elCebis molaparakeba
ruseTis xelmwi-fesTan. uSedegod damTavrda sxva iseTi elCobebic, romlebic
Tavidan
warmatebisaken
ixreboda.
batoniSvilis
gavlena
saqarTvelos
politikur saqmeebze ganpirobebuli iyo imiT, rom mas mxars uWerda ruseTis
samefo karis didi partia, romelsac ar surda qarTvel mefeTa gaZliereba...
SemdgomSi swored am partiis daxmarebiT SeiWra aleqsandre saqarTveloSi,
erekles winaaRmdeg brZolaSi miimxro kaxeTis Tavadebi, imereTis mefe,
axalcixisa da daRestnis xanebi, agreTve sparselebi da mTielebi~337. 1754
wlis elCobis CaSlam (aleqsandres xelSewyobiT) gaamZvinvara Teimuraz II da
kidev ufro ganawyo anton I-is winaaRmdeg. mas mZulvareba gamoumJRavnebia
antonis, viTarca politikuri mowinaaRmdegis, mimarT. erekles vaJi giorgi
antons uyurebda viTarca Teimuraz II-is mier SeZulebul pirovnebas. igi
`kaTalikossa antons pirvelsa ara wyalobda siyrmidanve, viTarca kacsa
papisagan misisa Teimurazisa SeZulebulsa~407.
zemoaRniSnul politikur-dinastiur mizezebs unda Seemzadebina niadagi
anton kaTalikosis sastiki dasjisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT 1754 wlis Semdeg, rac
muxranel bagrationTa intrigebis gamo ruseTisagan daxmareba ver miiRo
saqarTvelos samefo karma. amgvar viTarebaSi antoni mZevlis rolSi aRmoCnda.
muxraneli bagrationebis gulis mogeba da Sekaveba ver SeZlo Teimurazma
verc maTi samefo saxlis Svilis anton I-is sakaTalikoso taxtze ayvaniT,
xolo 1754 wlis Semdeg, rac muxranelma bagrationebma ukiduresi mtroba
gamoamJRavnes Teimurazis mimarT ruseTis samefo karze, antonis, viTarca
garkveuli TvalsazrisiT mZevlis dasjas unda gaemwarebina qarTleli
bagrationebi. 1755 wlis miwuruls antoni daapatimres, Semdeg ki ruseTSi
gadaasaxles.
ruseTSi antonma, rogorc cnobilia, Tavis devnaSi agreTve daadanaSaula
qarTlis Tavadebi. ismis kiTxva, ratom unda gamwvavebuliyo misi urTierToba
TavadebTan, xom ar icavda maTgan antoni saeklesio qonebas? marTlac,
rogorc sabuTebi uCvenebs, qarTl-kaxeTSi mahmadian mefe-xanTa mmarTvelobis
dros Tavadebs miutacniaT saeklesio mamulebi da Sahis imediT surdaT am
mamulebis SenarCuneba. amis dasturia 1744 wels antonisadmi gagzavnili
nadir-Sahis, 1747 wlis Sah-ismailisa da 1748 wlis Sah-ibrahimis sigelebi,
romlebSic isini ubrZaneben antons ar Careuliyo saeklesio mamulebis
saqmeebSi408. `is sasuliero pirebi, vinc TavadTa mamulebSi moRvaweobdnen,
xSirad ver icavdnen eklesiisa da saxelmwifos interesebs~409. `aucileblad

unda aRiniSnos, rom antonma moawesriga saeklesio mamulebis marTva...

SemorCenilia ramdenime dokumenti, romlebSic antoni cdilobs Tavidan
aicilos qarTlis Zlieri Tavadebis (amilaxvrebisa da erisTavebis) Careva
saeklesio mamulebis saqmeebSi. am TavadebTan kamaTi imiTY dasrulda, rom
kaTalikosma maT CamoarTva werilobiTi valdebuleba, rom isini amieridan
aRar Seexebian saeklesio mamulebs~410. marTalia, es moxda antonis
dabrunebis Semdeg, magram vinc icnobs antonis mizanmimarTul moqmedebas,
ganWvrets, rom aseve iyo adrec da es warmoadgenda namdvil mizezs
konfliqtisa antonsa da Tavadebs Soris. al. xaxanaSvili wers: mefeTa
brZolam TavadebTan, politikurma daqucmacebulobam wvril damoukidebel
samTavroebad, gamoiwvia saeklesio Zalauflebis erTianobis daSla411, rasac
antoni ver Seurigdeboda.

b) antonis urTierToba somxebsa da laTinebTan

XVII s-is da XVIII saukunis I naxevarSi e.w. `somxebi~ da `laTinebi~
saqarTveloSi mniSvnelovan Zalas warmoadgendnen. spars-osmalTa mier
gatarebuli sagangebo politikis Sedegad daiTrguna `qarTvelTa sarwmunoeba~
(ase ewodeboda marTlmadideblobas saqarTveloSi, rogorc amas XVIII s.
saeklesio sabuTebi uCveneben), sanacvlod ki dampyroblebma gaaZlieres
somxur-monofizituri da kaTolikuri eklesiebi. saqarTvelos mosaxleobis
erTi nawili, eTnikuri warmomavlobiT qarTveli, iRebda grigorianul da
kaTolikur sarwmunoebas. amis gamo icvleboda maTi erovnuli cnobiereba,
qarTvelebi `somxdebodnen~ da `frangdebodnen~. `qarTvelTa sarwmunoebis~
devnis naTeli magaliTia XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi saqarTvelos eklesiis
mRvdelmTavrebis ruseTSi iZulebiTi gadasaxleba saqarTveloSi darCenis
SeuZleblobis gamo.
kaTalikoss domenti IV-s ukanonod CamoarTves taxti da 1725 wels
osmaleTis kunZul tenedosze gadaasaxles. gapartaxda bevri eparqia
mahmadianTa, gansakuTrebiT lekebis, SemosevaTa gamo, daitaces saeklesio
qoneba. saqarTvelo datoves da ruseTSi vaxtang VI-s gahyvnen Semdegi
episkoposebi: qristefore samTavneli, pavle Tbileli, nikoloz mroveli,
arsen mangleli, nikoloz urbneli da episkoposi iona, male saqarTvelo
iZulebiT miatoves da ruseTSi gadasaxldnen mTavarepiskopos ioseb samebeli,
romanoz samTavneli da ioane mangleli. Seirya eklesiaSi wesrigi da
disciplina412.
bevri gaCanagebuli eparqia gauqmda. swored amis gamo, faqtobrivad
umrevlod da ueparqiod darCenili episkoposebi gadasaxldnen ruseTSi, sadac
maT megobrulad xvdebodnen413.
zemoaRniSnuli 9 episkoposis ruseTSi gadasaxlebis magaliTiT kargad
Cans, Tu ra saSineli gasaWiri adga qarTul eklesias XVIII s-is I naxevarSi.
swored aseTi gasaWiris dros mdidari `somxuri eklesia, romelic XVIII s-Si
mxiTaristebis
SromebiT
gamdidrda,
sqolastikuri
literaturiT
SeiaraRebuli, kaTalikos lazaris meTaurobiT aRdga qarTuli eklesiis
winaaRmdeg da daiwyo CvenSi sxvadasxva eretikuli mosazrebebisa da
monofizitobis gavrceleba~413.

aRmoCnda, rom sasuliero ganaTlebis doniT somxuri eklesia qarTul

eklesiaze ufro maRla idga. italiaSi Camoyalibebulma somex kaTolikeTa
(mxiTaristTa) sazogadoebam somxuri eklesia gaamdidra axali Targmnili da
originaluri
literaturiT.
maTi
daxmarebiT
somxebi
saqarTveloSi
avrcelebdnen somxur da kaTolikur eress. T. Jordanias da Cveni sxva
mkvlevarebis
azriT,
qarTveli
mRvdelmTavrebi
uZlurni
aRmoCndnen
414
mxiTaristebis sqolastikisa da samecniero moZRvrebis winaSe . daiwyo
qarTvelTa gasomxeba grigorianuli rwmenis da somxuri enis gavrcelebiT415.
`mxiTaristebis mier Targmnili evropel avtorTa sqolastikuri Txzulebebi
warmoadgenda religiuri kamaTis axal, CvenSic da somxeTSic ucnob
saxelmZRvanelos.
somxebma am sqolastikuri iaraRis meSveobiT (igi
umTavresad
aristoteles
logikas
emyareboda)
SesamCnevad
gaaswres
qarTvelebs, romlebic pirvelad waawydnen aseT sqolastikur kamaTs,
romelic adamianur logikas ar eqvemdebareboda. somxebma da kaTolike
propagandistebma es iaraRi erTdroulad mimarTes qarTuli eklesiis
winaaRmdeg~416.
qvemo
qarTli
da
saingilo
avsebula
monofizitebis
gaSmagebuli mqadageblebiT. `isini cdilobdnen qveynis politikur gasaWirze
religiuri daSlac daerToT. mTavarepiskopos timoTes gadmocemiT, es cbieri
da moxerxebuli mqadageblebi mglebiviT Semosevian saqarTvelos, raTa
qristes samwyso daetacebinaT~417.
iseT did warmatebas miaRwia somxuri sarwmunoebis gavrcelebis donem
saqarTveloSi da ise didi raodenobis qarTveloba iRebda monofizitobas,
rom
yofili
qarTvel-marTlmadidebeli
mrevli
Tavisi
saeklesio
SenobebiTurT monofiziti mRvdlis samwysod da samkvidrod xdeboda. somexTa
kaTalikosma lazare Waukelma gadawyvita TviT saqarTvelos kaTalikosis
karze eqadagna monofizitoba da qarTvelTa kaTalikosi somxuri eklesiis
simarTleSi daerwmunebina. `eretikosebi TviTon anton kaTalikossac ki
ekamaTebodnen, zemo qarTlis erTma somexma mRvdelma mas xangrZlivi kamaTi
gaumarTa. am moZraobis sulisCamdgmeli iyo somexTa kaTalikosi lazare
(Waukeli) _ antonis Tanamedrove, sqolastikur moZRvrebaze aRzrdili,
Tavgamodebuli monofiziti. igi dauaxlovda antons da, rogorc Cans,
cdilobda mis gadabirebas~417.
`monofizitobis propagandistTa winaaRmdeg brZolaSi antonma mimarTa
sityvas
_
mecnierul
sityvas.
magram
sqolastikur
mqadageblebTa
sityvisgebaSi imave sqolastikis ena unda gamoeyenebina. amisaTvis winawar
unda gascnoboda am movlenebis wyaroebs laTinur da somxur enebze~418. ai,
ratom dauaxlovda antoni saqarTveloSi myof kaTolike mecnierebs. maTgan
surda Seeswavla laTinuri ena da moepovebina laTinur enaze arsebuli is
mecnieruli masala, rac gamoadgeboda marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis
dasacavad
monofizit
da
kaTolike
sqolastikosTagan.
marTlac,
mizanmimarTulma antonma iRvawa Tavdauzogavad da Seqmna monofizitTa da
laTinTa
ganmaqiqebeli
uzarmazari
Txzuleba
`mzametyveleba~.
iseTi
TavganwirviT iRvwoda am Sromis Sesaqmnelad, rom igi dasneulda, eqimebisa da
naTesavebisaTvis es SemaSfoTebeli yofila.
`1752 wlis dasawyisSi, Seupovari Sromis Sedegad antonma daasrula Tavisi
farTo
Txzuleba
`mzametyveleba~,
romelic
warmoadgens
seriozul,

safuZvlian mecnierul uaryofas monofizitur moZRvrebaTa sistemisa,

gansakuTrebiT somex monofizitTa moZRvrebis. Txzuleba adasturebs avtoris
nakiTxobas, gamWriax, cincxal gonebasa da farTo erudicias. eklesiis
moZRvars SeeZlo am SromaSi epova mza sityva, anu mza pasuxi monofizitebTan
sityvisgebaSi~419.
am Txzulebis gamoqveynebam saqarTvelos mdidari somxoba
ganawyo
antonis winaaRmdeg, antonis winaaRmdeg TviT is qarTveli marTlmadidebeli
samRvdeloebac ganewyo, romelTac SeSurdaT antonis mecnieruli siRrme,
Tavdadeba da Sromismoyvareoba, am bolo moments antonic aRniSnavs Tavis
SromebSi.
ruseTSi
gadasaxlebuli
antoni
`Tvenis~
winasityvaobaSi
gadmogvcems: `mzametyvelebisa~ da sxva SromaTa gamoqveynebisas zogierTi
qarTveli samRvdelo piris reaqcias: `ese sazRvardeba ars kacTa vieTme
samRvdeloTa Tav-xedTa da yovlad umecarTa Cvens Soris, rameTu visaca
mecnierebis mimarT (midrekilebas) gamoaCenen _ qarsa borbalsa aRadgenen mas
zeda da saWesa cxovrebisasa ganutexen da miscemen RelvaTa warmtacebad
ufskrulTadmi~420.
`mzametyvelebis~ gamoqveynebis Semdeg antonis winaaRmdeg monofizitebis
mqadageblebTan erTad aRdga zogierTi qarTveli samRvdeloc, romelTac
`gakaTolikeba~ daswames kaTalikoss. sinamdvileSi ki antoni laTin patrebTan
daaxlova somex propagandistTa winaaRmdeg gamocxadebulma brZolam421.
rogorc T. Jordania aRniSnavs, amas naTlad miuTiTebs qronologiac, antons
brali dasdes `gakaTolikebaSi~ da eWvis safuZvlad aqcies misi daaxloeba
patrebTan _ misionerebTan _ 1753 wlisaTvis. sinamdvileSi ki antons 1752 wels
dausrulebia Tavis `mzametyveleba~, xolo 1753 wels gamosca Tavis pirveli
gramatika _ `am ukanasknel or Txzulebazed marto TviTon ar umuSavnia
antons. mas Svelodnen somexTa moZRvari filipe yaiTmazaSvili da
kaTolikebis
misionerebi.
isini
uTargmnidnen
somxuri
da
laTinuri
enebidan~422.
aRsaniSnavia, rom ara mxolod antoni iyenebda kaTolike misionerebs
antikaTolikuri,
marTlmadideblobis
ganmamtkicebeli
Txzulebebis
SedgenisaTvis, aramed misi win myofi kaTalikosebic, magaliTad kaTalikosma
besarionma (1724-1739) Seadgina Tavisi antikaTolikuri Txzuleba `grdemli~
kaTolike misioneris, kapucineli beris franCesko bolonielis daxmarebiT.
`aRsaniSnavia, rom es Txzuleba kaTolicizms ganaqiqebs~423. es iyo
mecnieruli urTierToba. am urTierTobis Semdeg arc franCesko bolonieli
gamxdara marTlmadidebeli da arc kaTalikosi besarioni gamxdara kaTolike,
piriqiT, maTi urTierToba swored marTlmadideblobis sasargeblod yofila
gamoyenebuli.
rogorc ukve aRiniSna, patriarqis saydarze asvlisTanave antoni
Cveulebrivi enTuziazmiT Seudga brZolas somxuri propagandis winaaRmdeg424.
am maRali miznis misaRwevad kaTalikoss upirveles yovlisa TviTon unda
Seeswavla sqolastikuri mwerloba. `amitom patriarqobis pirvelive wlebSi
antoni gaecno kaTolike berebs da maTi moZRvrebis Seswavlas Seudga, radgan
laTinuri ena sustad icoda Tavdapirvelad man somxur wyaroebs mimarTa~424.
T. Jordania wers: `antonis daaxloeba kaTolike misionerebTan, rogorc
davinaxeT, saswavlo da samecniero miznebiT iyo ganpirobebuli. samecniero

mizani imaSi mdgomareobda, rogorc p. ioseliani varaudobs, antoni apirebda

qarTul enaze daewera kaTolikobis ganmaqiqebeli wigni, radgan mas ar
akmayofilebda am Temaze qarTulad arsebuli Txzulebani besarion
kaTalikosisa da evkrati nikeelisa~425.
antons
marTlac
samecniero
mizniT
da
marTlmadideblobis
gansamtkiceblad rom esaWiroeboda daaxloeba kaTolike misionerebTan da
laTinuri enis Seswavla, es Cans iqidan, rom `gakaTolikebis~ mizeziT
saqarTvelodan gaZevebuli antoni ruseTSi agrZelebda laTinuri enidan
wignebis Targmnas. ruseTSi igi, aleqsandre xaxanaSvilis TqmiT, `iTvisebda
laTinur enas, romlis Seswavlas jer kidev saqarTveloSi Seudga~426.
saqarTveloSi, swored gaZevebis win gamoqveynebul naSromSi `mzametyveleba~
akritikebda antoni laTinebs imiT, rom wignSi amxelda maT, vinc wmida
usisxlo msxverplis Sewirvisas ar azavebda Rvinos wyliT427. mas ar
dascalda laTinuri enis kargad Seswavla, amitom al. xaxanaSvilis cnobiT,
`metafizikuri darigebani~ antonma ara uSualod laTinuridan, aramed
rusulidan Targmna, radganac `antonma kargad ar icoda laTinuri ena~428.
saqarTveloSic laTinuri enis ucodinarobis gamo `gramatikis~ Sedgenisas
iZulebuli gaxda daxmarebisaTvis miemarTa laTini mecnierebisaTvis429.
qarTuli eklesiis gasaWirma, saRvTismetyvelo wignebis naklebobam aiZula
antoni emuSava laTin da somex mecnierebTan erTad, naklovaneba qarTuli
sasuliero
literaturisa,
antonis
azriT,
ukuRmarTi
droebiT
iyo
gamowveuli. `Tumca Cven, qarTvelebs, ambobs is, ZvelTaganve gvqonda yovelive
gadmoRebuli `Tvinier daklebisa~, magram vinaidgan `mravalni garyvnes da
uxmar-iqmnnes pirad-piradiTa vnebaTa jer iyo gasworebad da ganmrTvad
wmidisa eklesiisa aRmosavalisa~430. ruseTSi moRvaweobisa da rusuli
literaturis gacnobis Semdeg antonma ara `dasavleTis eklesiis~, aramed
`aRmosavleTis eklesiis~, kerZod, slavuri wignebis mixedviT gaaswora
mravali sasuliero wigni, rogorc TviTon aRniSnavda431.

g) antonis urTierToba urC samRvdeloebasTan

T. Jordania wers, rom antonis upirvelesi saqme misi mmarTvelobis pirvel
wlebSi iyo eklesiaSi administraciuli wesrigis damyareba da im ukeTurobis
aRmofxvra, rac winare epoqaSi gaCeniliyo. saqarTvelos erTianobis daSlam
samefo-samTavroebad xeli Seuwyo saeklesio gankerZoebis niSnebis gaCenas.
ukve XV saukunis bolos alaverdel episkoposs gamoumJRavnebia garkveuli
ganwyobileba, mas mcxeTisagan damoukideblad surda kaxeTis saepiskoposoebis
marTva. Tavisi gavlena gauvrcelebia kidec maTze, kaxeli mefeebi viwro
politikuri mosazrebiT xels uwyobdnen saeklesio separatizms. ukve XVIII
saukunidan
alaverdeli
episkoposebi
kaxeTis
eklesiaTa
TiTqmis
damoukidebeli mmarTvelebi iyvnen432.
eklesiaSi Seqmnili es mankieri viTareba mouTmeneli iyo antonisaTvis,
antoni ar cnobda alaverdeli episkoposis ukanonod mitacebul uflebebs.
ganawyenebuli
alaverdelebic
protests
acxadebdnen
da
TavianTi
mdgomareobis dasamowmeblad iSveliebdnen zogierT sabuTs. sabolood,

alaverdeli episkoposi, saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi Tavisi mdgomareobiT

TiTqmis
meore
ierarqi,
mtrad
moekida
antons,
cdilobda
antonis
sakaTalikoso taxtidan Camogdebas. marTlac, antonis ruseTSi gandevnis
Semdeg alaverdelebma aRidgines TavianTi uflebebi, ruseTidan antonis
dabrunebis Semdeg ki alaverdel episkopos zenons CamoarTves kaTedra da
garejis udabnoSi gadaasaxles. aqedan Cans, rom antons mtrebi hyavda umaRles
saeklesio ierarqiaSic, gansakuTrebiT kaxeTis episkoposTa Soris, radganac
isini ukve alaverdeli episkoposis maTze gamgeblobas kanonierad miiCnevdnen.
gansakuTrebiT mravali mowinaaRmdege gaiCina antonma ara mxolod
episkoposebSi, aramed samRvdeloTa Sorisac mTel qarTl-kaxeTSi. saqme is
iyo, rom antoni Seecada Seryeuli saeklesio wesrigis aRdgenas, miaRebina
saeklesio krebebs sagangebo dadgenilebebi samRvdeloTa mier saeklesio
wesrigis dasacavad. iqamde TviTneba samRvdeloni axla ukve SeizRudnen,
Semdeg wlebSi antonma jarimebic ki daawesa, romelTa gadaxda im mRvdlebs
ekisrebodaT, romelnic saeklesio kanonebs daarRvevdnen. imdenad didi
jarimebi ikribeboda samRvdeloebidan, rom saeklesio Semosavlis erT-erT
wyarodac ki iqca. amas mohyolia SezRudul samRvdeloTa mxridan udidesi
protesti, antons aseTi mRvdlebi `sisxlis msmels~ uwodebdnen, romelsac
TiTqosda samRvdeloebis TandaTanobiT mospoba surda. es mdgomareoba kargad
Cans antonis moZule zaqaria gabaSvilis poemaSi `katis omi~. aq antoni
katadaa gamoyvanili. samRvdeloeba ki Tagvad. kata (antoni) TiTqosda eubneba
Tagvebs (mRvdlebs) _ me movedio `Tqvenda msrvelad, sisxlisa msmelad,
STagyare xvrelad da gmusrne nelad~433.
zogierTma samRvdelom `soroSi Cayrad~ miiCnia is, rom antonma `aRwera
saeklesio qoneba da saimedod daicva borot gamtacebelTagan, daadgina
saeklesio samarTali, Camoayaliba axali dawesebuleba _ `dikasteria~434,
marTalia, am RonisZiebaTagan umetesi nawili Catarda antonis ruseTidan
dabrunebis
Semdeg,
magram
kaTalikosis
saydarze
asvlisTanave,
mowinaaRmdegeni grZnobdnen antonis udides mizandasaxulobasa da swrafvas
eklesiaSi wesrigis damyarebisa, amitomac aTqmevinebda zaqaria gabaSvili
antons: `lomi var Zvelad, abjarTmcvelad, cecxlSi damwvelad, garna
mbnevelad~.
saeklesio
disciplinis
aRdgena,
centraluri
saeklesio
xelisuflebis
ganmtkiceba
zRudavda
samRvdeloebas,
gansakuTrebiT
SeizRudnen is sasuliero pirebi, romlebic TavadTa mamulebSi moRvaweobdnen
da Tavadebis centridanuli miswrafebebis gamo ver icavdnen eklesiisa da
saxelmwifos interesebs. `aucileblad unda aRiniSnos, rom antonma
moawesriga saeklesio mamulebis marTva. miwebi patriarqis xelSi moaqcia da
eparqiaTa mRvdelmTavrebs da ber-monazvnebs mkacrad SeuzRuda saeklesio Tu
samonastro qonebiT TviTneburi, ukontrolod sargeblobis ufleba, am
gadawyvetilebis gamo ukmayofileba gamoTqva dekanozma zaqaria gabaSvilma
Tavis satirul TxzulebaSi (`katis omi~), romelic gamoqveynda antonis
saqarTvelodan gaZevebis Semdeg~435. zaqaria gabaSvilis `poemis~ ganxilvis
Semdeg askvnian, rom samRvdeloeba antons emduroda, radgan `man SezRuda
eparqiaTa meTaurebisa da monasterTa winamZRvrebis ufleba saeklesio
qonebaze~436. al. xaxanaSvili wers: `man Tavi mouyara mefeebis yvela sigels
naboZebi mamulebis Sesaxeb da mefes miarTva dasamtkiceblad. saeklesio
avladidebis gamorkvevis Semdeg man miiRo zomebi am qonebis borotad

xelmyofelTagan dasacavad _ daadgina saeklesio sasamarTlo rusuli wesis

mixedviT: dikasteria~437. z. gabaSvilis zemonaxsenebi `poemidan~ Cans, rom
Tavdapirvelad samRvdeloeba, anu rogorc igi uwodebs, `Tagvebi~ `bednierad
da laRad cxovrobdnen TavianT soroebSi, mZimed SeiaraRebuli kata amayad
SeiWreba Tagvebis samefoSi da daiwyebs umowyalo Jletas. pirveli
gamarjvebiT gaTamamebuli kata gadawyvets sruliad amowyvitos Tagvebis
saxsenebeli da maT qonebas daepatronos. rogorc vnaxeT, kaTalikosi
cdilobda SeezRuda saeklesio pirTa TviTneboba, rasac isini iCendnen
saeklesio qonebis moxmarebaSi, gamouval mdgomareobaSi Cavardnili Tagvebi
saSvelad virTxebs, ciyvebs da kvernebs mouxmoben da sisxlismRvrel
brZolaSi gamarjvebas aRweven~438.
Cans, samRvdeloebas (poemis mixedviT `Tagvebs~) pirvelad wamouwyia omi
antonis winaaRmdeg (maT ricxvSi T. Jordania gulisxmobs ber-monazvnebsac,
`romlebic uangariSod iyenebdnen saeklesio simdidres~1, dasaxmareblad
mouwveviaT TavianTi jiSis sxva ufro didi warmomadgenlebi (`ciyvebi,
kvernebi~), albaT, igulisxmeba antonis mowinaaRmdege arqimandritebi,
episkoposebi da mitropolitebi. erTiani ZaliT dausaxiCrebiaT kata, ucemiaT,
tyved SeupyriaT, sadac lanZRaven da dascinian, isev zogierTi Tagvis, `e.w.
`plaSiani Tagvis~ daxmarebiT gakreWili kata Tagvebs gaeqceva ruseTSi.
`plaSiani Tagvi~ ganaTlebul samRvdeloebas unda niSnavdes.
rogorc
cnobilia,
samRvdeloebis
krebam
antoni
kaTolikuri
aRmsareblobis miRebaSi daadanaSaula. magram erTi werilidan Cans, rom
ganawyenebuli samRvdeloeba mzad iyo sxva mravali episkoposi da mefe
ereklec ki kaTolikeebad moexseniebina antonisadmi TanagrZnobis gamo.
cxadia, arc episkoposebi da arc mefe kaTolikeni ar iyvnen. antonis taxtidan
Camogdebis Semdeg Cans, taxtze asasvlelad emzadeboda alaverdeli, anda
kaxeTSi misi gavlenis sferoSi Semavali romelime mRvdelmTavari. magram
sakaTalikoso taxtze avida mroveli episkoposi ioseb jandieri. aman
gaanawyena alaverdeli da misi momxreebi, romelTac maSinve ukve axali
kaTalikosis
dasustebis
mizniT
cilismwamebloba
wamouwyiaT.
ioseb
jandiersac maSinve `frangebad~, e.i. kaTolikeebad gamoucxadebia ramdenime
episkoposi, maT Soris gulisxmobdnen alaverdels, ninowmindels, bodbels
(iqamde isini antonis dasamxobad iRvwodnen, damxobis Semdeg ki axali
kaTalikosisaTvis mxari aRar dauWeriaT). axal kaTalikos iosebs ubrZanebia
maT Sesaxeb: `arca vwirav episkoposTa da arca vendobi frangTao~, saqme
imdenad gamwvavebula, rom mefec Careula. mefes iosebis braldeba
usamarTlod miuCnevia. saubris Semdeg mefe kaTalikoss ganawyenebuli
daSorebia439.
aqedan Cans, rom `kaTolikes~ im droisaTvis avadsaxsenebel `wodebas~
aniWebdnen
politikur
mowinaaRmdegeebs
(yovlad
dausabuTeblad).
am
mosazrebas adasturebs isic, rom TviT ruseTis uwmidesi sinodis `StatSi~
Caricxul, vladimiris arqiepiskopos antons saqarTveloSi zemomoyvanil
wreebSi kvlav `kaTolikes~ uwodeben da ruseTis samRvdelmTavro kaTedraze
daweril mis Txzulebebs wvaven, viTarca `kaTolikurs~, aseTebad miuCneviaT
misi `apoloRia~ (da `miwyale~). ruseTSi kaTolikuri aRmsareblobis mimarT
Seuwynarebeli garemo sufevda, amitomac sruliad ueWvelia, ruseTis
samRvdelmTavro kaTedraze kaTolikobisadmi midrekil pirs aravin aiyvanda.

saqme is iyo, rom ruseTSi SedarebiT obieqturobiT iZiebdnen saeklesio

saqmeebs, imdroindel saqarTveloSi ki mikerZoebiT. zaqaria gabaSvili
saqarTvelos mefis winaSe brals debda antons, rom man vladimiris
kaTedraze yofnisas SeTxza `miwyales~ Targmaneba~ (e.i. ganmarteba), romelic
TiTqosda `Tavidan bolomdi wvalebis RvarZliT aris savse~440. vinc ruseTis
saeklesio cxovrebas icnobs, ver daijerebs, rom ruseTis eklesiis
mRvdelmTavarma kaTolikuri `wvalebiT savse~ Txzuleba Seqmna. saqarTvelos
`sasuliero cenzuram masSi dainaxa marTlmadi-deblobis winaaRmdegi
adgilebi da amis mizeziT aRukrZala misi ganvrceleba xalxSi~441. es
momxdara Teimuraz II-is dros 1760 wlamde, amitomac werda ruseTis eklesiis
arqiepiskoposad yofnis dros gulnatkeni antoni saqarTvelos samRvdeloTa
Sesaxeb: `aRracxil var meca ZmaTa CemTa Tana aqaur samRvdeloTa yovelsa
Sina saqmesa da ara aRracxil var mandiTgan mosrulTa aqa, CvenTa
episkoposTa Tana~442.
1755-1756 wlis krebaTa Sedegebi
1755-1756
wlebSi
mowveuli
saeklesio
krebebi
miznad
isaxavda
mwvaleblobaSi dadanaSaulebuli anton I-isaTvis sakaTalikoso taxtis
CamorTmevas. ruseTidan dabrunebuli antoni kvlav avida sakaTalikoso
taxtze, miuxedavad krebebis aRkveTa-wyevisa. maSasadame, krebebma Tavis mizans
ver miaRwies. am krebebis gadawyvetilebebma ki Secvales saqarTvelos
samociqulo
eklesiis
Semdgomi
bedi.
imdeni
uyiJines
antons
marTlmadideblobis uaryofis Sesaxeb, rom man gadawyvita savsebiT
daaxloeboda ruseTis marTlmadideblur eklesias. ai, ras wers Tedo
Jordania antonis Sesaxeb: `man moamzada niadagi qarTuli da rusuli
eklesiebis SeerTebisaTvis da 1783 wlis traqtatiT ganaxorciela Tavisi
mizani _ qarTuli eklesia daumorCila ruseTis eklesias~443. 1783 wels anton
I dainiSna ruseTis uwmidesi sinodis wevrad. avtokefaliuri eklesiis
meTauri ar SeiZleba iyos sxva eklesiis sinodis wevri da es aqti iyo
SezRudva qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliisa. XIX s-Si ruseTis mier qarTuli
eklesiis avtokefaliis Cum da upasuxo gauqmebas amgvarma qmedebebma Seuwyo
xeli. es iyo ara imdenad anton I-is brali, ramdenadac cilismwameblebisa,
romelTac TavianTi ugunuri qmedebiT sinamdvileSi danaSauli Caidines
qarTuli eklesiis mimarT, radganac antons, romelic Rirseulad uZRveboda
marTlmadidebel qarTul eklesias, figuralurad rom vTqvaT, imdeni uyiJines
`memarcxeneoba~ _ kaTolikoba, rom gadaixara marjvniv da ruseTis sinodi
miuSva qarTuli eklesiis marTvis saWesTan.
1755-1756 wlebis krebaTa aqtebi
ambrosi nekreselis krebulSi (H-1334, furc. 201 r-v) daculia sami
dokumenti: 1. saeklesio krebis gadawyvetileba antonis damxobis Sesaxeb; 2.
Teimuraz meorisa da erekle meoris, wardgineba antonis kaTalikosobidan
gadayenebis Sesaxeb da 3. TviT antonis `monanieba~. pirveli ori 1755 wlis 16
dekembriTaa daTariRebuli, mesame ki cota mogvianebiT Seiqmna. samive es
dokumenti, rogorc winaswari monacemebi, aisaxa Semdgom 1756 wlis 4 parilis
saeklesio krebis `ganCinebaSi~.
1. `qristes aqeT CRne (1755)

dekenbers iv (16)
q. Cven cxebulman mefeman saqarTvelosaman Teimuraz da Zeman Cvenman
mefeman kaxeTisaman iraklim ese aRTqma da piri davamtkiceT da ucvalebelad
davdeviT krebasa Sina. vpoeT antoni kaTalikozi romaelTa sarwmunoebaTa
aRmsarebelad da CvenTa sarwmunoebaTa Seuracx mqmnelad, amas zeda
SevikribeniT sabrZanebelTa Sina CvenTa qarTlisa da kaxeTisa mitropolitni
da episkoposni. arqimandritni da winamZRvarni, agre orTave samefoTa mTavarni
da darbazis erni. miuvlineT mociqulni, vkiTxeT da vamxileT misi boroti
cTomileba. xolo man saanjmnoda aRiara Cvenisa sarwmunoebisagan midreka da
laTinTa sarwmunoebisa aRsareba daamtkica. ese aw Sekrebulman wmidaman
krebaman ugulebel hyo da antoni kaTalikozi samociqulosa saydarsa da
kaTolike eklesiisagan jerovnad aRvfxvarT da kaTalikozobisagan ganvayeneT.
aw ese piri davamtkiceT, ukeTu sameoxoTa sityvaTa romelmanme Cven mefem
Teimuraz, anu Zeman Cvenman mefem iraklim da yovelTa saqarTveloTagan anu
mTavarman qenebiTa anu romliTame mizeziTa ese aRTqmuli SevcvaloT da
kualad misi kaTalikozad dadgineba movindomoT, risxvasamca SevcvlviT
wmidasa da erT arsisa samebisasa da yovelTa mgmobarTa Tana daiwesebis
cxovreba Cveni da wmidaTa didTa msoflioTa krebaTagan vebulad
SeCvenebiTamc aRviocebiT~.
2. `qristes aqeT CRNE (1755)
dekenbers iv (16)
cxad
iqmna
saqarTvelosa
Sina
antoni
kaTalikozisa
qarTvelTa
sarwmunoebaTagan gandgoma da laTinTa sarwmunoebisad midreka. amas zeda
didad aRZrnes mefeni da srulni saqarTvelosa samRvdelo da saeroni erni.
amasve Jamsa mefeman saqarTvelosaman, RmrTiv cxebulman Teimuraz da Zeman
misman mefeman kaxeTisaman iraklim, Sekribnes orTave samefoTa mitropolitni,
episkoposni, arqimandritni da winamZRvarni. agreTve mTavarni da darbazis
erni. mociqulni miuvlines kaTalikozsa da SeWmariti sarwmunoeba hkiTxes.
xolo man mtkiced aRiara qarTvelTa sarwmuneobisagan gasvla da laTinTa
mimarT midreka. masve Jamsa warmoadginna Tavisni aRzrdilni xuTni vinme
samRvdeloni da maT ufrosad ma amaRlebiT aRiares aRmosavleTTa
eklesiisagan ganyeneba da laTinTa sarwmunoebisa Sewynareba. ra mefeTa ese
daimtkices, romel SescTes, ese antoni masve Jamsa kaTalikozobisagan
ganayenes da wirvisaganmca gankveTes. agreTve TanaaRmsarebelni misni miiyvanes
winaSe mefeTa da krebisa. dasajes, Tmani da wverni aRkveces. Semdgomad dReTa
raodenTame kualad cnobad movida, sinanulad iwyo da agreTve qarTvelTa
sarwmunoebis aRsareba, fici da aRTqma daudva. maSin srulad warmoTqva,
romel aTvrameti Tve, daeyo maTsa wvalebasa Sina aRsarebiTa da ziarebiTa,
radgan moiqca da egreTve sinanulad movida, moZRvari uCvenes da sinanulad
ganakanones: radgan aTvrameti Tve hqonda wvalebasa Sina sxvasa sinanulisa
gareT, aTvrametive Tve wirvisagan daayenes. mermeRa Semdgomac aTvrametisa
Tvis Seiwynares da wirva misces da ese aRTqma, fici da SeCveneba wigniT
daamtkices,
romel
ars
romelTame
mizeziTa
da
sinanuliT
amisi
kaTalikozoba aRar iqnas. garna esreT Seiwynares, romel Tu undes aqave
dadges, Tu ara romelsame marTlmadidebelTa samTavrosa Sina movides.
Semdgomad ama ricxulTa aRsarebisa wirvisagan nuRaravin daayeneben,
Seiwynaron da Jami awirvinon: radgan kaTalikozobisa micema wignTa da

SeCvenebiT daamtkices, oris sasjeliT aRar dasajes, amisTvis wirva misca

krebaman~.
3. `q. ese mtkices Seuryeveli da Seucvalebeli wigni didis ficiTa da
aRTqmis dadebiT
mogarTvi me yovlad uRirsman antoni Tqven RmrTiv
cxebulsa qarTvelTa mefesa Teimurazs da kaxTa mefes iraklis da orTave
samefoTa wmidaTa mitropolitTa da didebulTa mTavarTa. ama pirsa zeda,
[ama]codvaTa CemTa simravleTa ugunurebiT Secdomil viqmen da laTinTa
borotad madidebloba piriTa CemiTa y[ovlad] cxadad aRviare. amis ZaliT
Tqvenis
mwyemsobisa
da
kaTalikozobisagan
samarTlad
gardamayeneT,
WeSmaritis brW... xolo ukanasknel cnobad ra movel da vcan WeSmariti
sarwmunoeba, viwye tirilad, godebad da sinanulad da amasTan u[ar] vyav
borotad madidebelTa laTinTa da aRviare WeSmariti marTlmadidebloba
aRmosavleTisa. amas zeda... iqmneniT Cem zeda da raodenni Tveni da Jamni
dameyvnes laTinTa mwvalebelTa Tana, egoden Jamni ganmiweseT cTomaTa CemTa
Senanebad. da aTvrametisa Tvisa ricxvisa Semdgomad Rvdelmoqmedebis
elyofa mibrZaneT ZmebriTa TanalmobiTa.
awiTgan meca ama elwerilsa davsdeb winaSe keTilmsaxurTa mefeTa da
winaSe wmidisa krebisa: SemcaCvenebel viyo da Sekrul mamisa da Zisa da
yovlad wmidisa sulisagan da wmidaTa SvidTa msoflioTa krebaTagan, Tumca
kidev me laTinTa sarwmunoebisa mimarT miveqce, anu farulad gulsa Sina
vipyra da zakviT saxesa viCemebde, anu papa hromisa yovlisa soflisa mwyemsad
da ufrosad mwamdes, anu suli wmida mamisa da Zisagan aRviRo da ara mxolod
mamisagan gamomavali, gina sulTa codvilTa cecxliTa [ganwmeda] mrwamdes,
anu Semdgomad mRvdlobisa SurisgebisaTvis mefe anu episkoposi, anu mRvdeli
vswyeo saqarTvelo Sina, krulmca viyo aTormetTa mociqulTa madlisagan da
nawili Cemi damcadebul ars orgulTa Tana.
1756 wlis 4 aprilis saeklesio krebam daadgina:
`ganCineba
kaTalikozs antonis zeda - damxobad, gandevnad da wirvisagan dayenebad
da kualad Sendoba da miteveba da ruseTs gagzavna misi.
welsa ganxorcielebidan sityvisa RvTisa 1755 w. Tvesa dekenbersa 16. Cven
mefeman qarTvelTaman Teimuraz da Zeman Cuenman mefeman kaxTaman ereklem da
orTave amis samefosa episkoposTa mogivlineniT arximandriti orni Sen
antonis kaTalikozsa Cvensa, gamokiTxvad, Tu romlisa sarwmunoebisa xar.
amisaTvis, romel gvesmoda da WeSmaritca iyo laTinTa sarwmunoebisa mimarT
midreka Seni da iRvwidica Sewonebad maTda idumal erisa. maSin
movlinebulTa Cuen mier arximandritTa arRara daufare da saanjnod aRiare
wvaleba laTinTa da sauwyebod Cvenda gamoucxade; da viTarca ese vscaniT,
myis dagamxeviT saydrisagan Senisa da SenTana erTxmani samRvdeloni
davsajeniT da eriskacni uziarebel hyveniT.
xolo Semdgomad raodenTame dReTa moege gonebasa cnobad WeSmaritebisa
sarwmunoebisa da iwye godeba da tirili da Sevrdoma da Txovad Sendobisa
da uar hyav boroti cTomileba Seni da ganhme sidrkue da sarwmunoeba
laTinTa, romelica Segewynara da aRTqmiTa da ficiTa da SeCvenebiTa
dagvakeren arRara midrekad gmobaTa mimarT laTinTa.

amas zeda viTar Svenoda pirvelsa maxlobelsa da Cven mier siyvarulsa

Sensa, friad sayvareli Cvenda iqmnen, garna saydarsave aRsvla Seni
cxovrebisa Sina Sensa arRara iqmneboda, orTave mefeTa krebisa ficiT esreT
dagvemtkica.
xolo gangiweseT kanonad dacadeba, Sewirvisagan usisxlosa msxverplsa
TveTa aTvrametTa da memreRa Sewirvad saRmrTo liturRiisa. eseodeni Tveni
dageyvnes gandrekilebasa Sina laTinTa mimarTsa da kualad Semdgomad
TTveTa samTa gancxadna friadi sinanuli Seni da yovliTurT ucxo yofa
wvalebisagan papis mosavTa laTinTasa da sruliad aRmosavleTis ekklesiis
sarwmunoeba ipoveboda SenTana, Tvinier yovlisa iWvisa.
da friad wadier iqmen yovliTurT keTilmsaxursa da yovliTurT
marTlmadidebelsa
imperiasa
ruseTisasa
warsvlad,
romelica
umetes
gulsavse gyofda marTlmadideblobasa Sensa. amas zeda yovelTave erTobiT
mefeTa da krebaman SevamokleT kanonni, romelnicaa gangvewesnes, raTa Rirs
iqmne usisxlosa msxverplsa Sewirvad. yovlad wmidasa sauflosa dResa
aRvsebisasa, romelsa dResa aRsdga ufali Cveni ieso qriste, da esreT
pativiTa mRvdelmTavrobisaTa wargzavnes da Rirs ars Sewynareba Seni
mRvdelmTavrad
marTlmadideblad
da
sadaca
mixvide
dauyovnebelad
xelyofad saRmrTosa liturRiisa yovlisa samRvdelmTavrosa moqmedebisa,
viTarca mRvdelTmTavari. aqave aRgisrulebies saRmrTo Jamis wirva,
samTavrosa Cvenisa da mSvidobiT warxvel.
xolo samRvdeloni kacni, romelnica SenTana erTxma iyvnes laTinTa
cTomasa zeda, maTca ganmarTnes midrekilebani Tvisni da SenTanve aRiares
marTlmadidebloba da maTca SeundeviT mRvdelobad da msaxurebad saRmrTosa
saidumlosa dResa sauflosa aRdgomisasa.~
aRniSnul krebas zogierTi Zveli avtori `goris krebas~ uwodebs444.
21. Tbilisis IV kreba (2-8 oqtomberi 1764) (zaqaria gabaSvilis gankveTa)
erekle mefes miaCnda, rom antoni saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso taxtidan
politikuri motiviT Camoagdo mamamisma, amitomac mudamJams eloda
xelsayrel moments antonis ruseTidan ukan dasabruneblad, amasTanave,
rogorc didebuli saeklesio istorikosi polievktos karbelaSvili wers:
`amis gamo erekle mefes mamasTan didi usiamovneba hqonda da niadag
ayvedrida antonis gaZevebasa~445. TviTon Teimurazsac, istorikosis sityviT,
ugrZvnia Tavisi Secdoma antonis gaZevebis gamo da 1760 wels ruseTSi misi
gamgzavrebis erT-erTi mizezi antonis saqmis mogvarebac yofila, magram
rogorc cnobilia, Teimuraz II ruseTSi gardaicvala. didad sayuradReboa
is garemoeba, rom mamis sikvdilis ambis gagebisTanave erekle mefem da
samefo saxlis gavlenianma wrem `maSinve kaci afrines antonTan da
daibares~1. es imas niSnavs, rom ereklem kategoriulad mosTxova antons
ukanve dabrunebuliyo saqarTveloSi da kvlav asuliyo sakaTalikoso
taxtze. cxadia, erekle mefesTan erTad wminda eklesiis ierarqiam kargad
icoda, rom antoni dasjili iyo Teimuraz mefis mier politikuri mizezebis
gamo.
winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi,
erekles
cxadia
gauWirdeboda
`mwvaleblobaSi~ dadanaSaulebuli piris sakaTalikoso taxtze ayvana.
WeSmariteba da simarTle yvelam icoda, yvela ierarqma da samRvdelom,
erTi kacis garda _ es iyo zaqaria gabaSvili, romelic didad

ewinaaRmdegeboda am saqmes. Tuki mRvdlis xarisxSi myofma, Raribma da

sakmaod dabali warmoSobis kacma aseTi didi winaaRmdegobis gaweva SeZlo
mefisa da patriarqis mimarT, cxadia, mRvdelmTavrebs gacilebiT didi
winaaRmdegobis gaweva da saqmis CaSlac SeeZloT, magram yvela dadumda,
radganac, rogorc vTqviT, yvelam icoda simarTle _ antoni ciliswamebis
gamo daisaja. amitomac saqarTvelos eklesiam xelsayreli momentis
dadgomisTanave gadawyvita moewvia kreba, romelic dasjida wina krebaze
gamarjvebul cilismwamebel mRvdel zaqaria gabaSvils. misi dasjiT
sabolood gauqmda wina 1755-56 wlis krebaTa mier antonis mimarT miRebuli
gadawyvetilebebi, 1764 wlis krebam wina krebaTa mimarTeba Zaladakargulad
cno. aRiara Secdoma daSvebuli antonis mimarT da ufro meti, sastikad
dasaja isini, romelTac SecdomaSi Seiyvanes wina 1755 wlis kreba. rogorc
aRiniSna, 2-18 oqtombers 1764 wlisa Sedga saqarTvelos eklesiis kreba,
romelsac daeswrnen: mefe erekle, anton kaTalikosi, mTavarepiskoposi
kirile, besarion episkoposi, tfileli qristefore, mroveli germane, saba
ninowmindeli,
mangleli
nikolozi,
ioseb
rusTaveli
(im
dromde
kaTalikosi). kreba gacilebiT ufro warmomadgenlobiTi iyo, vidre 1755
wlis kreba, romelsac albaT ufro Sekreba unda vuwodoT, vidre kreba.
krebam ganixila anton kaTalikosis mimarT ciliswamebis sakiTxi,
gamoikvlia cilismwameblis vinaoba, moismina misi braldeba, romlis
ganxilvis Semdegac saeklesio sasjeli daado cilismwamebels. krebisaTvis
naTeli iyo, rom antons kaTolikobaSi brals debda mRvdeli zaqaria
gabaSvili da masTan daaxloebuli piri, misi Svili diakoni iosebi _
oriveni `gankanondnen~, CamoerTvaT sasuliero wodeba.
krebas zurgs umagrebda isic, rom ruseTis eklesiis wminda sinodma
ufro adre ciliswamebad miiCnia antonis kaTolikur sarwmuneobaze
midreka, aRiara misi sruli marTlmadidebloba da daniSna vladimiris
eparqiis mmarTvel arqiepiskoposad. roca Teimurazis gardacvalebis Semdeg
antoni daeTxova uwmindes sinods ruseTisas da wamovida saqarTveloSi
sinodma samgzavrod misca 1500 maneTi. antoni saqarTveloSi mosula 1764
wlis damdegs. saqarTvelos wminda eklesias antoni umtkivneulod auyvania
sakaTalikoso taxtze. am taxtis droebiT mpyrobeli iosebi ki xarWaSneli
episkoposis
kaTedraze
gadaiyvana.
krebam
antonis
`miwyale~
marTlmadideblur Txzulebad gamoacxada.
p. karbelaSvils Tavis wignSi mohyavs 1764 wlis krebis ganCineba: `anton
I 1764 wlis damdegs saqarTveloSi movida. am dros erekle mefe kaxeTSi
iyo, maSinve Camovidnen TbilisSi. moaxdines kreba 1764 w. 2-18 oqtombers,
krebazed daeswrnen: mefe erekle, anton kaTalikozi, mTavarepiskoposi
kirile, besarion episkopozi, tfileli qristefore, mroveli germane, saba
ninowmindeli,
mangleli
nikoloz,
ioseb
rusTaveli
(am
dromde
kaTalikozi), antonis mosvlis Semdeg iosebs misces xarWaSneloba, da vinc
antons daswama cili da `miwyales Targmani~ uarhyves, yvelani ganhkanones.
zaqaria mRvdeli gabaSvili ganhkveTes mRvdelobidan: `weliwad naxevars
aRsareba aravin aTqmevinoso~446.
1764 wlis krebis ganCineba ganCineba zaqariaze
[sruli teqsti]

ganCineba da msjavri samociqulo zemosa saqarTveloisa mamad mTavrisa

antonis mier da episkoposTa, samefosa qalaqsa tfiliss. palatsa
sakaTalikozosa SekrebulTagan zaqariasTvis xucisa da vieTTame mimdgomTa
misTa, cxadad damrTgunvelTa sjulTa saRvToTa da mamaTa kanonisaTa.
macxovari Cveni da ufali metyveli gvaswavebs kualad `ukeTu

krebulisa ara isminos iyven igi Senda viTarca mezvere da warmarTi~.

gamoCnda ukve Cvensa eparxiasa Sina kaci gamryvneli qristes savenaxisa
zaqaria ukve xucesi `amaRlebuli mecnierebasa zeda RvTisasa~ _ goneba igi
asuristanel RmerT ocnebuli Tavisagan Tvisa, romeli nebsiT huriaebriTa
`SuriTa tyveqmnuli. siZulviliTa moyvasTaTa, sruliad damviwyebeli
sjulTa
siyvarulisaTa,
romeli
moeca
mowafeTa
qristesTa
da
mTavrobiTaca romeli weril ars `mTavrisaTvis erisa Senissa ara ityode
Zvirsa~. aRdga ciliswamebad keTil msaxursa zeda mefesa Cvensa da
mamadmTavarsa zeda Cvensa, da yovlad samRvdeloTa mRudelT mTavarTa da
yovelsa zeda savsebasa eklesiisasa, da mTavarTa zeda da, udidesi vTqva,
eklesiasa zeda saqarTvelosa, viTarca mwvalebelTa zeda, da sjulsa,
cxadad damTrgunveli nebsiT, ara moxune, iqmna. `ara cilis wamo moyvassa
Sensa wamebiTa cruTaTa~ da daiviwya kualad Tqmuli igi eklesiastesa
Sina (ciliswamebulTaTvis) `vixile yoveli cili wameba qmnili mzesa qveSe,

da aha cremli cilisa cilis wamebisani da ara ars nugeSinis mcemeli

maTi~. vinaca simaRleman misman mefeman Cvenman da wmidaman krebulman
Seundo da mraval gzis miuSva igi aRdgomad da hyo dageba misTana ese
viTari, viTarmed romelTaca marTlmadideblobiTa zeda werilTa wvalebad
aRmoCenda ukeTuri igi (zemoxsenebuli zaqaria), werili ese keTil
msaxurman mefeman da wmindaman krebulman aRiRo Soris da daiduma misTvis
sityvis geba ara Tu amisaTvis, viTarmed wvalebisa rame wadiereba iyomca
werilTa maT Sina, romelnica yovliTurT aRmosavlisa eklesiisa
Seudgebodes doRmatTaca Sina da saqmeTa, aramed siyvarulisaTvis, raTa
wina aRmdgomni igi CvenTana aso iyvnen windisa eklesiisa, _ yovelive
simaRleman misman mefeman Cvenman da krebulman yves enkeniebri sixaruli
eklesiisa
ganxeTqilebisa
SeerTebisaTvis
da
mouwodeT
CvenTana
mRvdelmoqmedebad ukeTursa zaqarias saRmrToTa zeda liturgiisa,
romelsaca, da eziara zaqaria xeliTa mamaT mTvarisaTa saRmrTosa
saidumlosa patiosnisa sisxliTa misiTa: `mucladeRo salmoba igi mware~
ese igi ganxeTqa kvlavad ekklesiisa qristesisa, Sekrebulisa WeSmaritad
ganmaorebelman man saqmeTa iudasTaman, mowafeman mzakvaman da mociqulman
warwymedilman, zakviT ziarebiTare uxrwnelisa saidumlosaTa, viTar igi
monaman misman iuda Wur eSmakisa-hyo Tavi Tvisi, rameTu Sevida misa eSmaki
da, gansrulman krebulisagan samociqulosa wmidisa ekklesiisa, mwvalebel
uwoda mamad mTavarsa antons da ara moixsenebda eSmakeuli igi viTarmed
`mRudelTmTavarTa TvisTaTvis borotis mzraxvelTa marTl msajul ars
RmerTi.~ viTar igi odesme aronisa zeda aRdgomilTa mimarT saja `ganpeba
qveynisa da cocxliv danTqma jojoxeTsa Sina da cecxlis aRrtexileba~.
a) vinaca mamad mTavari Cveni antoni mravalgzis qadagebasa Sina ambionsa
zeda winaSe mefisa da winaSe Cvensa, da winaSe yovlisa erisa aRiarebdis
aRmosavleTisa ekklesiisasa aRsarebasa, da laTinTa sarwmunoebisa

aRmsarebelTa saSiniliTare SeaCvenebdis sityvebiTa; b) garna eSmakeulman

man da ar Semwynarebelman mRudelT mTavrobisa misiman, raveca muclad
eRo, Sva _ usjuloeba igi siZulvilisa moyvasTa da ZmaTa TvisTa _
ganipara samefoT saqarTvelosaTa sxvad samefod ese gvariTare siveragiTa,
viTarmed ityoda urcxvinod reca mefisagan gantevebisa Tvisssa. g) warvida
sxvad samefod amisaTvis, raTa eklesia saqarTvelosa keTil msaxuriT
mefiTurT mwvaleblad, ese igi Semwynarebelad laTinT sarwmunoebisa, da
arawmidisa papisa, romelTaca gamoaCinos da saRrmToTa patriarqTagan
saberZneTisaTa SeCveneba moatyvas ekklesiasa zeda saqarTvelosasa, ver
gulis xmis myofelman, viTarmed muneburni mefeca da mRvdelmTavarni
Tvinier WeSmaritisa cnobisa ara ewamebian; d) odes, SevkribT ra palatad
sakaTalikozod da miuvlineT mas mociqulni orni xucesni,_ porfiri xuces
monazoni da giorgi proTopopi tfilisis sakaTalikozosa ekklesiisa
SevsTvaleniT sityvani ese gvarni, raTa moviyvaneTca sinanulad, magra Wuri
igi eSmakisa uqvemoes eSmakTa daadginebda Tavsa Tvissa da, mwvaleblad
mwodebeli Cveni _ wina aRmdgomTa mogvigebda; e) meremeRa moviyvaneT krebad
pyrobilni da zvaobiT da daumdableblad mogvigebda. vinaca moiRo omfori,
Semmosvelman petraxeliTurT da samklaviT mamamTavarman Cvenman antoni,
moidrikna muxlni da ityoda maRliTare xmiTa: `sulo yovlad wmidao da
cxovels myofelo TviTebao, mxolosagan mamisa gamosrulo, mxoloo
romelica sions cecxlisa enebisa saxed gardamoxed mociqulTa zeda!
ukeTu me winaarmdgomsa rasame aRmosavleTisa ekklesiisa, anu Targmanebasa
Sina meergasisa fsalmunebisasa, ese igi miwyalesa anu apoloRiasa Sina
Cemsa laTinTa sarwmunoebisa rame _ anu gonebiT, anu mogonebiT, anu
hazriT, anu sityviT warmoCeniliT damedvasca, anu dameweros, _ myav me
wyeul, krul SeCvenebul suliT da xorciT da saflaviT ama sofelsa da
meremesa mas; da ukeTu cilis wamebiT mabralebdes me zaqaria xucesi _ hyav
ese wyeul, krul, SeCvenebul suliT da xorciT da saflaviT ama sofelsa
da meremesaca mas~. xolo
Cven yovelTa mun mdgomTa mitropolitTa da
episkopozTa, ZrwoliT msmenelTa, vrquT erTobiT `amin~. 3) garna
eSmakeulman man warmosTxia kvlavd simyrale Tvisi metyvelelman _
`SemiCvenebies Targmanebaca~ miwyalesi, da yovelni Semwynarebelni misni~.
amisaTvis Cven SekrebulT yovlad samRvdeloTa mTavarTa vsajeT
usjuloT gamoyvanebad da SeCvenebad yovlad ukeTuri xucesi igi _ zaqaria
daRaTuara mwvalebeli, aramed viTarca garadamavali mamaTa kanonisa zemo
werilTa maT ricxvT ganyofil bralTa misTaTvis. pirvelisaTvis bralisa,
ese igi ar SewynarebisaTvis umsjavrod Tvisisa mRvdelmTavrisa vyofT
gankveTasa missa mRvdelobisagan lv kanonTamebr wmidaTaTa mociqulTa miT,
ro kanoniTa miT wmidaTa mociqulTaTa ocdameTeqvsmetiTa ara Tu xolod
ar Semwynarebelni mRvdelTmTavarTani ganikveTebian mRvdelobisagan, aramed
iginica,
romelni
ara
mwrTvel
arian
mRudel
mTavrisa
mimarT
daumorCilebelisa erisa damorCilebad; kvalad amisTvisve bralisa
ganvkveTT mas mRvdelobisagan nu kanoniTa wmidaTave mociqulTaTa, miT
romel udidesi gineba ara rame ars, viTar mwvalebelad wodeba;
meorisaTvis bralisa misisa gankveTT mas mRvdelobisagan kanoniTa
wmidaTa mociqulTaTa ie kanoniTa, da krebisa antioqisaTa g da ia,
romlisaTvis ganvaqiqebTaca da sruliad ganvxdiT da pativsa miuRebT da

laodikiisa ma-mg da xalkidonisa ig da konstantinopolisa g krebisa iz da

meored nikis i kanoniTa; da mesamisaTvis muxlisa da meeqvsisa SevaCvenebT,
da uqvemoes eSmakisa davadginebT, viTarca mwvalebelsa saxlisa RvTisa, ese
igi saqarTvelosa wmidisa eklesiisa da mas Sina qmnilisa wmidisa krebisa
advilad Seuracxismyofelobisasa, kanoniTa v da v wmidisa krebisa
RangrisaTa;
mwvalebelad wodebisaTvis keTilmsaxurisa mefisa Cvenisa, miuRebT
Sesaxebsa pativsa mRvdelobisasa, viTarca ars Cveuloba wmindisa da didisa
eklesiisa ruseTis maginebelTa zeda mefisaTa; amasaTana miuRebT
saxelsaca, romeli ewodeboda mRvdelobasa Sina, miT romel ara
naTlisRebasa Sina wodebuliyo saxeli igi mis zeda, aramed mRvdelobasa
Sina da romliTa saxeliTa iwodeboda eris kacobasa Sina, vbrZanebT raTa
igive saxeli edebodes amieridgan.
meoTxisaTvis bralisa vyofT, viTarca mezveresa da warmarTsa
sityvisaebr uflisa Cvenisa ieso qristesa (maT. 18,17) da vswrTviT mas
Zrielad, viTarca urCsa da winaaRdgomsa krebisasa; xolo yovelTa bralTa
misTa zemo werilTa _ umorCilebaTa da aRmaSfoTebelTa da ganxeTqaTa
eklesiisaTa, mis ZliT sxva da sxvad erad yofaTaTvis CvenTa da, udidesi
vTqvaT,
dedasa
Tvissa
wmidasa
saqarTvelosa
eklesiasa
zeda
aRdgomisaTvis da mwvaleblad wodebisaTvis misisa da mravalTa maT
ukeTurebaTa misTa Tvis yovlad ukeTursa mas da usjulosa zaqaria xuces
yofilsa gankveTil vyofT wmidasagan mRvdelobisa: SevaCvenebT, vswyevT,
SevkravT Cvenda mocemulTa mRvdelmTavrobiTaTa xelmwifebiTa, miT ukve
romeli igi rqva xelmwifeman sikvdilisa da cxovrebisaman saRmrToTa da
samRvdeloTa mowafeTa TvisTa `romeli SekraT qveyanasa zeda, iyvnen
Sekrul caTa Sina~, da kvalad `romeli SeipyraT Sepyrobil iyvnen~, da
yovelTa meoxTa da SuamdgomelTa misTasa vyoT SeCveneba, da misTa
misrulTa yovelTa SevaCvenebT miT, romel weril ars esreT viTarmed
`romeli Seexos Tvissa gaSavdes~, da yovelTa SemweTa misTa SevaCvenebT.
ganvkveTeT diaknobisagan da SevaCvenebT Svilsaca missa iosebs, viTa
mamisa Tvisisa Semwesa, da Tana mwvalebelad mwodebelsa wmidisa
saqarTvelosa eklesiisa; SevaCvenebT Wursaca mas eSmakisasa mowafesa missa
isaks viTarca yovelsave Sina ziarsa moZRvrisa Tvisisa.
xolo ukeTu movidnen sinanulad, da didiTare sinanuliTa uku Tqvnen
yovelive warTqmulni Tvisni, da Seurden wmindasa mamaTmTavarsa Cvensa da
wmidasa krebasa sruliTa guliTa SeviwynarebT da mouwodebT sinanulad,
da ara sruliad warwymedil vyofT, viTarca monanulTa; garna Svilsa missa
iosebs mosrulsa sinanulad da orTaganve umolxinesad SeviwynarebT. welsa
1764 Tvesa okdombersa 18~378.
magram zaqaria mainc gakerpda da saqarTvelodgan ruseTSi wasvla arCia
1767 wels. amitom mefe ereklem Semdegi gramota miswera yizlaris cixis
Tavs () general-maiors potapovs: `xucesi vinme saxeliT zaqaria.
naTesaviT gabaSvili Cvenisa samefosagan borot gamsjeli da ukeTuressa

gzasa zeda dadgomili, misman uwmindesobaman mamaTmTavarman Cvenman da

episkoposTa samefosa CvenisaTa SekrebiT SeaCvenes da yovlisagan madlisa
ganaSiSvles weliwadsa CRd, welsa, Tvesa okdombersa i. qalaqsa
tfilisisasa. da odes igi SeiCvena, mieriTgan uukeTuresTa saqmeTa moqmedi

weliwadsa amas CRz ganvagdeT samefoT CveniT da gvesmis romel yizlar

qalaqad misrul ars, romlisa WeSmariti uwyeba mogarTviT Tqvensa
zeaRmavlobasa, nu SeiwynarebT amas viTarca qristianesa amad, romel
yovlisagan qristianeTa madlisa SiSvel ars.~
erekle
Tavis mxriv anton kaTalikozma miswera `suliersa pravleniesa yizlar
qalaqisasa antoni kaTalikozi yovlisa zemosa saqarTvelosa uflisa
mier locva kurTxeviT movikiTxav! mizezi ese ars Cven mier Tqvenda momarT
awindelisa epistolisa, romel uwyeba gvnebavs Tqvenda momarT, viTarmed
xucesi vinme iyo saxeliT zaqaria, naTesaviT gabaSvili, eparxiisa
Cvenisagani, romelica Rirsad da samarTlad ganikveTa mRvdelobisagan da
SeiCvena da anafema iqmna Cvengan da episkoposTa CvenTa didTa siboroteTa
misTaTvis weliwadsa, 1764, okdobersa i, xolo brali ukeTurisa mis ese
iyo, rameTu Sescoda umaRlessa mefobasa keTilmsaxurisa da mwyemsTmTavrobasa Cvensa, romlisaTvis uwyeba ese imasTvis mogviweries Tqvenda: ukeTu
mand zakviT da veragobiT samRvdelo moqmedeba rame moindomos nu
miuSvebT samRvdelosa mimarT moqmedebisa. madli uflisa Cvenisa ieso
qristesi amin. daiwera samefosa qalaqsa tfiliss. wels 1767 TTvesa
oktombersa 20 dResa `antoni kaTalikozi yovlisa zemosa saqarTvelosa.~
1764 wlis saqarTvelos saeklesio krebam Tavisi samarTliT safuZveli daudo
qarTuli eklesiis winsvla-ayvavebis saqmes XVIII s-is II naxevarSi.
daskvna
1995 wlis saeklesio krebis mier gamocemuli eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis
debulebis II Tavis me-20 muxlis Tanaxmad, wmida sinodis erT-erT movaleobas
Seadgens
`saeklesio
kanonebis
krebulebis
gamocema~.
am
muxlis
aRsasrulebel samuSaos warmoadgens qvemdebare Sroma. radganac yvela Cvens
mier ganxilul sakanonmdeblo da mimdinare krebis analizs Tan erTvis
krebis mier gamocemuli samarTlis Zegli. amitomac Cveni naSromi amasTanave
warmoadgens saqarTvelos saeklesio kanonebis krebuls.
erTad Tavmoyrili saqarTvelos saeklesio kanonebis gamocema da maTi
analizi pirvelad xdeba Cvens saistorio mecnierebaSi. am mxriv naSromi
garkveul siaxles warmoadgens. saeklesio kanonebis moZiebas sapatriarqo,
saeparqio arqivebsa da sxvadasxva ganyofilebebSi, aseve aqamde gamocemul
Sesabamis saistorio wyaroebis korpusebSi dasWirda mravali weli.
sakanonmdeblo krebebi ganxilulia am naSromis pirvel wignSi (Tb, 2003),
xolo winamdebare wignSi ganxilulia mimdinare krebebi.
naSromSi safuZvlianadaa ganxiluli saqarTvelos mimdinare saeklesio
krebebi IV-XVIII saukuneebSi:
1. `episkoposTa Sekrebani mefe mirianisa da vaxtang gorgasalis dros (IVV ss.). sxvadasxva qarTuli wyaros cnobiT episkoposTa Sekrebebi IV
saukunidanve ucxo ar iyo qarTuli eklesiisaTvis, kerZod, episkoposebi
Seikribnen mefe mirianis anderZis mosmenisas, aseve vaxtang gorgaslis
ucxoeTidan samSobloSi dabrunebisas. episkoposebi eswrebodnen saxelmwifo

darbazis sxdomas, romelmac Crdilo kavkasiaSi laSqroba daadgina,

episkoposebi Seikribnen jer kidev vaxtang gorgasalis mier ganxorcielebul
saeklesio reformamde, kerZod, isini miqael mTavarepiskoposis gverdiT
imyofebodnen qvemo qarTlSi erT-erTi sarwmunoebrivi sakiTxis ganxilvisas.
Tu ramdenad sandoa wyaroTa cnobebi CvenSi saeklesio reformamde
saepiskoposoTa arsebobis Sesaxeb, gaanalizebulia naSromSi da miRebulia
daskvna, rom Tuki qarTuli eklesia, viTarca saeklesio organizacia
namdvilad arsebobda mefe mirianis Semdeg vaxtangis saeklesio reformamde,
imJamindeli saeklesio kanonebis Tanaxmad mas uTuod unda hyoloda ramdenime
episkoposi, romelTa krebasac unda gamoeCina maT Soris pirveli da emarTa
eklesia. rac wyaroTa cnobebiTac dasturdeba. maSasadame, wyaroTa cnobebi
qarTul eklesiaSi mravali saepiskoposos arsebobis Sesaxeb sandoa da
eTanadeba msoflio eklesiaSi imJamad arsebul wesebs.
2. dvinis saeklesio kreba (506 w.). marTalia somxeTis saeklesio centr
dvinSi mowveuli kreba ar SeiZleba miviCnioT saqarTvelos saeklesio krebad,
magram radganac masSi monawileobda qarTlis kaTalikosi sxva 23 qarTvel
episkoposTan erTad da am Sekrebas didi gavlena unda hqonoda saeklesio
cxovrebaze, amitomac SevitaneT Cvens naSromSi. rogorc analizi gviCvenebs, am
saeklesio krebis mowveveviT dainteresebuli iyo rogorc bizantiis, ise
iranis xelisufleba. naSromSi garkveulia, rom ara dvinis 506 wlis krebis,
aramed 522 wlis saeklesio krebis Semdeg monofizitur platformas
upiratesoba mieniWa somxuri eklesiis mier, sabolood ki mas somxurma
eklesiam mxari dauWira 551-554 wlis krebebis Semdeg, qarTulma eklesiam ki
piriqiT, somxuri eklesiis am bolo krebaTa Semdgom mxari ar dauWira da
gaemijna somxuri eklesiis monofizitur platformas, asureli mamebis
Rvawlis
Sedegad
qarTlSi
sabolood
gaimarjva
difizitobam,
rac
sayovelTaod gaxda cnobili 570-ian wlebSi, xolo kirion kaTalikosis
Rvawlis wyalobiT am movlenam praqtikuli gamoxatuleba miiRo. samwuxarod
sparseTis saxelmwifos nebiT, romelic monofizitur somxur eklesias
mtkiced uWerda mxars, kirioni gaZevebul iqna sakaTalikoso taxtidan. igi,
Cans, gadavida dasavleT saqarTveloSi, romelic imJamad qarTuli eklesiis
iurisdiqciaSi imyofeboda (zRvispira romauli (bizantiuri) zogierTi cixesimagris gamoklebiT). amis dasasabuTeblad moyvanilia prokofi kesarielisa
da vaxuSti batoniSvilis Sesabamisi monacemebi. naSromSi ganxilulia Tu
rogor SeZlo ucxo imperiebis mxardaWeriT VI s-is Semdeg somxurma eklesiam
Tavis iurisdiqciaSi moeqcia eTnikuri qarTvelebiT dasaxlebuli (iqamde IV-V
saukuneebSi qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi myofi kuTxeebi) qvemo qarTli
(VII s-mde), tao (VIII s-mde), hereTi (X s-mde wmida dedofali dinaramde).
aRniSnuli
Tvalsazrisi
mniSvnelovnad
gansxvavdeba
qarTul
istoriografiaSi amJamad aRiarebisagan. kerZod, miiCneva, rom qvemoqarTlsa
(gugarqsa), taosa Tu hereTSi VII-VIII ss-Si TiTqosda mimdinareobda `somexTa
gaqarTveleba~ maTSi qalkedonuri sarwmuneobis danergviT.
magaliTad, 2002 w. bolos gamoqveynebul vardan arevelcis `msoflio
istoriis~ komentatoris TvalsazrisiT, `kirioni miznad isaxavda moexdina
gugareTis Sereuli mosaxleobis asimilacia da RvTismsaxurebidan amoeRo
somxuri ena~448. Cveni kvlevis Tanaxmad ki gugarqSi anu qvemo qarTlSi
cxovrobda eTnikurad qarTuli mosaxleoba, IV-V saukuneebSi samwyso

qarTlis kaTalikosisa, romelsac VI s-Si Seqmnili politikuri viTarebis

gamo
sparselTa
mxardaWeriT
eklesiebSi
daenergaT
somxurenovani
RvTismsaxureba. maSasadame, es xalxi iyo eklesiurad `somxurenovani~ da ara
eTnikurad somexi. ai am samwysosaTvis ineba kirion kaTalikosma aRdgena
qarTulenovani RvTismsaxurebisa da es procesi ar iyo `somexTa asimilacia~.
dvinis krebis ganxilvis dros CamoTvlili da aRdgenilia krebaSi monawile
qarTvel episkoposTa saxelebi da maTi kaTedrebi.
3. mcxeTis krebebi. VII s. dasawyisSi mcxeTis jvris taZris galavanSi
aSenebul `darbazebSi~, sakaTalikoso sveticxovlis taZarsa da saepiskoposo
samTavros taZarSi Sesabamisad, yovel paraskevs, xuTSabaTsa da samSabaTs
imarTeboda episkoposTa Sekrebebi, ganxilulia am krebaTa mizezebi da
Sedegebi.
4. antioqiis saeklesio kreba qarTuli eklesiis uflebaTa aRiarebis
Sesaxeb (VIII s.). VIII s. 50-ian wlebSi efrem mciresa, nikon SavmTelisa da sxva
avtorTa cnobiT, Sedga saeklesio kreba. antioqiis patriarq Teofilaqtes,
mitropolitTa da episkoposTa monawileobiT. krebas miuRia dadgenileba,
raTa qarTuli eklesiis meTauri TviT qarTuli eklesiis episkoposebs
gamoerCiaT da ekurTxebinaT: `episkoposTagan xelni daesxmodian kaTalikossa
qarTlisasa~. saeklesio samarTlamcodneTa ganmartebiT, eklesia maSinaa
avtokefaluri, roca mis meTaurs irCevs da adgens TviT mocemuli eklesiis
episkopati da ara romelime ucxo eklesiis meTauri. am mizezis gamo mravali
mkvlevari miiCnevda da zogierTi amJamadac miiCnevs, rom swored aRniSnulma
krebam VIII s-Si mianiWa antioqiis sapatriarqosagan avtokefalia qarTul
eklesias. es mosazreba arasworia, radganac, rogorc amJamad ukve
damtkicebulia v. goilaZis mier, antioqiis aRniSnulma krebam avtokefalia
mianiWa ara mcxeTis sakaTalikosos, romelic im droisaTvis ukve TavisTavadi
iyo, aramed `qvemo iberiis~ anu afxazeTis sakaTalikosos. berZnul-bizantiuri
saeklesio istoriografia dasavleT saqarTvelos `qvemo iberias~ uwodebda.
naSromSi amis Sesaxeb mravali wyaroa moxmobili. IV-V ss-Si, ruis-urbnisis
krebis Tanaxmad, dasavleT saqarTvelo mcxeTis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda,
mxolod VII-s 20-30-iani wlebidan herakle keisris mier saqarTvelos zRvispira
teritoriebis
aneqsiis
Semdeg
es
miwa-wyali
oficialurad
Sevida
konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi, dainerga aq qarTulis nacvlad wirvalocvis dros berZnulenovani msaxureba VIII s-dan. am, anu `qvemo iberiis~
teritoriaze TandaTan Camoyalibda saeklesio erTeuli iberiis (qvemo
iberiis) anu afxazeTis sakaTalikoso, romelmac imJamindeli saeklesio
wesebis
dacviT
antioqiis
ganxilul
krebaze
moipova
avtokefalia,
igulisxmeba rom is gaTavisufla berZnuli sapatriarqosagan da daubrunda
qarTuli eklesiis wiaRs, viTarca misi erT-erTi sakaTalikoso, mcxeTis
sakaTalikosos gverdiT. amis Semdeg qarTuli eklesiis uflebebi kvlav
aRsdga SavizRvispireTSi, gadaiWra am axali sakaTalikososaTvis mironis
miwodebis sakiTxi, rac ganxilulia naSromSi.
5. anCis saeklesio kreba (IX s. 40-iani wlebi). anCis kaTedraze aRniSnul
wlebSi
Sedga
saeklesio
kreba,
romelsac
eswrebodnen
qarTlis
sakaTalikosos mier gagzavnili ierarqebi, `yovelni mRvdelni da mrevlni
anCisani~, saqmis mosmenis Semdeg gamotanili iqna ganaCeni, romlis ZaliTac
episkopos cqirs kaTedra CamoarTves, magram, rogorc Cans, saqarTvelos
eklesiis centralurma xelisuflebam saWirod miiCnia angariSis gaweva

Tbilisis amirasaTvis saeklesio saerTo saqmis sasargeblod, rasac

eTanxmeboda kurapalatic, amitom anCis saepiskoposo kaTedraze cqiris kvlav
dabruneba unda momxdariRo 853 wlamde.
6. javaxeTis saeklesio kreba (IX s. 60-iani wlebi). `xelmwifed~ wodebulma
mamfalma guaram didma `brZana Sekreba episkoposTa da udabnoTa mamaTa da
yovelni Semokrbes javaxeTs~. am Sekrebis mizezi yofila Sedegi: kaTalikos
ilarion I-is gardacvalebis Semdeg samcxis mTavar mirians Tavisi sapatrono
qveynis xalxis TanadgomiT sakaTalikoso taxtze auyvania arseni, safarelad
wodebuli. arsens mxars uWerda `varskvlavi udabnoTa~ wmida mama grigol
xanZTeli da mcire jgufi episkoposebisa, xolo xelmwife guaram mamfali da
episkoposebis ufro didi odenoba mxars uWerdnen sakaTalikoso taxtze
efrem mawyverelis asvlas. es episkoposebi giorgi merCulis cnobiT nawyenni
iyvnen, radganac samcxis mTavarma daarRia maTi wmidaTawmida saeklesio
ufleba saqarTvelos kaTalikosis arCevisa. rogorc wesi avtokefalur
eklesiebSi eklesiaTa meTaurebs irCevs episkoposTa kreba. es wesi ki am
SemTxvevaSi darRveuli iyo. grigol xanZTelma daarwmuna javaxeTSi
Sekrebili episkoposebi da xelmwife guaram mamfali, rom `...RmerTsa ebrZana
kaTalikosoba arsenisi sisrulisa misisaTvis~. marTlac, krebam mravali
saswauli ixila. sabolood, krebam daamtkica kaTalikosoba arsen mirianis
Zisa. amiT kidev erTxel daamtkica, rom qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs
ZvelTaganve saqarTveloSive irCevdnen saeklesio wesebis dacviT da amiT is
avtokefaluri, TavisTavadi eklesia iyo.
7. Rrtilas saeklesio kreba (daaxl. 1046 w.). kamaTi monofizitebsa da
diofizitebs Soris msoflio eklesiaSi dasrulda VI-VII saukuneebSi
monofizitebis damarcxebiT, magram imperiis aRmosavleTiT is kidev ramdenime
saukune gagrZelda. mizezi amisa iyo is, rom imperiis periferiebSi egviptesa,
siriasa da somxeTSi monofiziturma mimarTulebam gaimarjva. egviptisa da
siriis arabTagan dapyrobis Semdeg somxuri eklesia monofizitobis msoflio
centrad gadaiqca. bizantiasTan metoqeobis gamo arabulma xelisuflebam
gansakuTrebiT
gaaZliera
somxuri
eklesia
viTarca
antibizantiuri
aRmsareblobis mcvelisa kavkasiaSi. IX-X saukuneebSi tao-klarjeTSi qarTuli
saxelmwifoebriobis
aRorZinebisa
da
gansakuTrebiT
saqarTvelos
gaerTianebis Semdeg, mravali kamaTi imarTeboda monofizitebTan (qarTveli
xelmwifis karze). saqme is iyo, rom am provinciebSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebi
iqamde VI-VII ss-Si somxuri eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi iyvnen, isini saqarTvelos
moqalaqeebad gadaiqcnen, maT garda qveynis samxreT provinciebSi qarTveli
monofizitebic cxovrobdnen, rac gamoZaxili iyo wina saukuneebSi somxuri
eklesiis agresiul saxelmwifoTa mxridan gaZlierebisa. es qarTvelebi axal
viTarebaSi ubrundebodnen qarTul eklesias, rac davis mizezi iyo. erTi
aseTi kreba Sedga javaxeTSi, sofel RrtilasTan mefe bagrat IV-is dros, 1046
wels, Tumca zogierTi mkvlevari am krebas bagrat III-Tan (975-1014) akavSirebs.
krebas diofizitTa mxridan eswrebodnen wurwyabeli episkoposi gvarad
miqelaZe, yveleli episkoposi sanano, tbeli grigol abuseriZe, anCeli
episkoposi, mecnieri beri efTvime grZeli, monofizitTa mxridan `didi
moZRvari somxeTisai~ sosTeni, igi `friad mecnier~ yofila. mas mxars
farulad uWerda monofiziti qarTveli mwignobarTuxucesi efTvime. kamaTi
dasrulda qarTveli beris efTvime grZelis saxelovani gamarjvebiT, rasac

didi mniSvneloba hqonda samxreT saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebisaTvis,

is `iqmna Zegl marTlisa sarwmunoebisa~.
8. antioqiis II saeklesio kreba (1056-1057). pirobiTad ase vuwodeT
antioqiaSi XI s-Si Semdgar saeklesio krebas, romelmac daadastura qarTuli
eklesiis uflebani, gansxvavebiT antioqiaSive VIII s-Si gamarTuli imave
xasiaTis krebisagan. XI s. 20-ian wlebSi mkveTrad daiZaba urTierToba
saqarTvelosa da bizantiis saxelmwifoebs Soris. bizantia gaaRiziana
gaerTianebis Semdeg saqarTvelos sagrZnobma gaZlierebam. omis wamowyebis
sababad bizantiam gamoiyena bagrat III-is Zis giorgi I-is `SeWra bizantiis
sazRvrebSi~. TviT imperatori basili II da konstantine VII piradad
mxedarTmTavrobdnen mebrZol berZenTa jars. omi xangrZlivad gagrZelda.
qarTvelTa jari ramdenjerme damarcxda. mterTan brZolisas qarTulma
eklesiam daiWira mkveTri pozicia da saTaveSi Caudga saerTo-saxalxo oms
bizantielTa winaaRmdeg, episkoposebis saba mtbevarisa da ezra anCelis
meTaurobiT. amis sapasuxod mTel bizantiis imperiaSi, maT Soris aTonsa, Sav
mTasa da sxvagan daiwyo qarTveli berebis sastiki devna. eWv qveS dadga
qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis ufleba. or marTlmadidebel xalxs Soris
zavisa da mSvidobis Camosagdebad iRwodnen qarTuli eklesiis iseTi ori
gavleniani piri, rogorebic iyvnen wmida giorgi mTawmideli da sqemonazoni
mariami, deda mefe bagrat meoTxisa. erT-erTi aseTi kreba aRniSnuli
moRvaweebis monawileobiT antioqiis patriarqTan da mis ierarqiasTan Sedga
1056 wels. am SexvedriT dedoflis kmayofilebis, maSasadame qarTuli
eklesiis problemebis gadaWris Sesaxeb mematianec miuTiTebs. antioqiaSi
viTareba Seicvala 1057 wlidan, rac sapatriarqo taxtze petre III-is
gardacvalebis Semdeg avida Teodosi III. amave wels kvlav Sedga kreba
antioqiaSi, romelzec berZnebma axali braldeba wamoayenes rom saqarTveloSi
yovelgvari saeklesio wesis gangeba xdeba TviT saqarTveloSive, rom
qarTveli episkoposebi ar arian sxva romelime episkoposis xelqevS, rac
arasasurvelia,
qarTvelTa
eklesiis
arsebuli
avtokefalia
arasamarTlebrivia, radganac arc erT mociquls saqarTveloSi ar uqadagnia aseTi iyo bizantiel ierarqTa Sexeduleba aRniSnul krebaze. imJamindeli
SexedulebiT avtokefaliis ufleba hqonda im qveynis eklesias, sadac
mociqulma iqadaga. maSasadame, qarTvelTaTvis saWiro iyo moZieba im wyarosi,
romelic daamtkicebda, rom saqarTveloSi romelime mociqulma iqadaga. aseTi
samuSao Seasrula giorgi mTawmidelma, man krebas warmouudgina aseTi wyaro,
es iyo `mimosvla andria mociqulisa~. masze dayrdnobiT wmidanma krebas
ganucxada: `Cven qarTvelebi varT andria pirvelwodebulis moqceulni, mis
garda Tormet mociqulTagan erT-erTi simon kananeli Cvens qveyanaSi
afxazeTSi kerZod nikofsiaSia dakrZaluli~. wmida giorgi mTawmidelis
pasuxidan da misi wyarodan kargad Canda, rom am mociqulebma saqarTveloSi
namdvilad iqadages. imJamindeli SexedulebiT es wyaro avtokefaliis
iuridiul sabuTs warmoadgenda da ukve sakmarisi iuridiuli safuZveli iyo
qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia-TavisTavadobis uflebis damtkicebisTvis.
kreba darwmunda qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis kanonierebaSi.
9. quTaisis saeklesio kreba (daaxl. 1058). ase vuwodeT pirobiTad krebas,
romelic bagrat IV-is karze Sedga opizisa da mijnaZoris monasterTa Soris
samamule davis gamo. paragrafSi garkveulia, rom saxelmwifos uzenaesi
organos `darbazis karis~ upirvelesi `darbaiselni~ iyvnen eklesiis pirveli

ierarqebi kaTalikosebi qarTlisa da afxazeTisa, aseve moZRvarTmoZRvari da

Wyondidel-mwignobarTuxucesi.
maTTan
TanamSromlobiTa
da
`darbazis
TanadgomiT~ mefe `ganuCenda~ anu gamoscemda kanonebs. imis gamo, rom
darbazis muSaobas warmarTavda aRniSnuli saeklesio ierarqia, darbazi
gamoscemda ara mxolod saero, aramed saeklesio datvirTvis dadgenilebebsac
- `saeklesio gansagebelsa darbazis kariT miiRebdin~. amis gamo saeklesio
sakiTxic opizisa da mijnaZoris monasterTa Soris ganixila darbazis karma,
saero da sasuliero pirTa, aseve eqspert-iuristTa monawileobiT, am
ukanasknelT `mecnierni sabWoTa saqmeTani~ erqvaT. krebam gaamarTla
mijnaZoris monasteri, Sesabamisi sabuTebis ganxilvis Semdeg. paragrafSi
garkveulia, rom `zemo mamulebi~ anu `zemo qveyana~ sazogadod ewodeboda
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, xolo `qveda mamulebi, qvemo qveyana, qvemo iveria~ dasavleT saqarTvelos.
10. Tbilisis I saeklesio kreba (1178). demna batoniSvilis ajanyebis
CaxSobis Semdeg gamarjvebulma mefe giorgi III-m uflisadmi madlierebis
gamosaxatavad gadawyvita saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis raime didi sikeTis
miniWeba.
imis gasarkvevad Tu ra
esaWiroeboda imJamad sazogadod
saqarTvelos eklesias, Sedga saeklesio kreba, romelmac daadgina, rom
umjobesi iyo eklesiis gaTavisufleba usamarTlo begarisagan, amasTanave
usamarTlo begarisagan unda gaTavisuflebuliyvnen `glaxakebi~, e.i. dabali
fenis gaWirvebuli mosaxleoba da amave dros saxelmwifos Sesabamisad
`gulismodgined Seekazma~ e.i. unda Seemko eklesiebi. mefes krebis am
dadgenilebis aRsasruleblad gamoucia Sesabamisi sigeli. paragrafSi
uaryofilia aqamde gavrcelebuli mosazreba, TiTqosda demnas ajanyebiT
isargebles saeklesio pirebma, moiwvies saeklesio kreba da gasaWirSi myofi
mefe
aiZules
`usamarTlo
begarisagan~
eklesiebi
gaeTavisuflebina.
gamokvleulia mefisa da eklesiis urTierTdamokidebuleba, aRwerilia mefed
kurTxevis saeklesio wesi.
11. Tbilisis II saeklesio kreba (1185). taxtze asvlis Semdeg Tamar mefem
moiwvia saeklesio kreba, romelsac afxazeTisa da qarTlis sakaTalikosoTa
episkoposebi, monazvnebi da meudabnoeni eswrebodnen TeologebTan (`kacni
mecnierni sjulisa saRmrTosanni~) erTad. krebaze dasaswrebad sagangebod
CamoabrZanes ierusalimidan yofili kaTalikosi nikoloz gulaberisZe. iv.
javaxiSvilis kvlevis Tanaxmad, krebam ganixila imJamindeli qarTlis
kaTalikosis miqaelis gadayenebis sakiTxi. saqme isaa, rom kaTalikoss
gadauxvevia `wesTagan eklesiisiTa~ da kaTalikosobasTan erTad Tavis xelSi
auRia mwignobarTuxucesis saxeloc. mwignobarTuxucesobasTan erTad miiTvisa
Wyondideloba da mawyvereloba. erTi SexedviT es saeklesio Tanamdebobebia,
magram im droisaTvis radganac mwignobarTuxucesi amave dros `vazirTa
upirvelesi~ iyo da `mefis mamad~ iwodeboda, anu mefes mis daukiTxavad
arafris gakeTebis ufleba ar hqonda, amitom sasuliero mwyemsmTavris xelSi
ara mxolod saeklesio, aramed saero xelisuflebis mTelma sadaveebma
moiyara Tavi. miqaeli saxelmwifos marTva-gamgeobis namdvil saWeT-mpyroblad
iqca. paragrafSi ganxilulia Tu rogor aiRes msoflio eklesiis zogierT
nawilSi pirvel aTaswleulSi (kerZod dasavleT evropasa da somxeTSi)
saxelmwifos mmarTvelobis sadaveebi eklesiis ierarqebma Tavis xelSi.
gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom e.w. umefobis xanaSi - VI-VII saukuneebSi,
dapyrobaTa Sedegad Seqmnil sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi warmoCenili qaosis

gamo kanonierebisa da wesrigis kerebad gadaiqcnen qarTuli saepiskoposebi,

moipoves avtoriteti samarTalsa da saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis sferoSi, ris
Sedegadac saqarTvelos zogierT kuTxeSi saero sammarTvelo uflebac
moipoves (kaxeTis saqorepiskoposoSi, qorepiskoposTa xanis pirvel periodSi,
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi, svaneTSi, qorepiskoposTa institutis
meSveobiT, samcxeSi (giorgi Suartyelis mTavarepiskoposis xanaSi), Cans aseve
moxda dasavleT saqarTveloSic rogorc Wyondidis kaTedris Seqmnamde, ise
mis Semdegac), risi samarTlebrivi asaxva unda yofiliyo daviT aRmaSeneblis
dros Wyondidel-mwignobarTuxucesis mier mTavrobis marTva. xelmwifis karze
oTx monazons (or kaTalikossa, mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondidelsa da moZRvarTmoZRvars) Soris Zalaufleba ganawilebuli iyo. roca Tamaris dros miqael
kaTalikosis xelSi gaerTianda Wyondideloba da mwignobarTuxucesoba,
aRmoCnda, rom misi udidesi saxelmwifoebrivi Zalaufleba mefis avtoritets
CrdilSi aqcevda. es gansaxilvel krebas miuCnevia saeklesio wesis darRvevad
da ucdia kidec miqaelis gadayeneba an misTvis Zalauflebis CamorTmeva,
magram krebam es ver SeZlo. wyaros cnobiT, amave krebam ganixila
TamarisaTvis saqmros SerCevis sakiTxic.
12. saeklesio Sekrebani daviT aRmaSeneblisa da Tamaris karze (kamaTi
monofizitebTan). bizantiasTan saukunovani brZolis gamo arabebi ebrZodnen
qalkedonitobas
anu
bizantiur
sarwmunoebas
da
mxars
uWerdnen
monofizitobas. VII-X saukuneebSi arabTa mpyrobelobis dros Tbilisis
saamirosa da qvemo qarTlSi, aseve aRmosavleT saqarTvelos zogierT kuTxeSi
(aRniSnulis gamo) gaZlierda somxuri eklesia, romelmac SeZlo mkvidr
qarTvelTa somxuri eklesiis mrevlad gadaqceva. saqarTvelos erTiani
saxelmwifos
warmoqmnis,
gansakuTrebiT
ki
mas
Semdeg,
rac
daviT
aRmaSenebelma
Tavis
saxelmwifos
SemouerTa
eTnikurad
qarTvelebiT
dasaxlebuli taSir-Zorakertis e.w. `somexTa samefo~ da samxreT kavkasiaSi
mdebare mxareebi saqarTvelos xelmwifis karze drodadro imarTeboda
saeklesi Sekreba-disputebi somex da qarTvel sasuliero pirTa Soris. erTi
aseTi Sedga daviT aRmaSeneblis karze, romelSic monawileobdnen arsen
iyalToeli da TviT mefe daviT aRmaSebnebeli. msgavsi kreba gaimarTa Tamar
mefis karzec. aq erTmaneTs daupirispirdnen sarwmunoebrivi niSniT or dasad
gayofili
saxelmwifos
umaRlesi
moxeleebi.
paeqroba
sarwmunoebriv
momentebTan erTad Seicavda politikurs da gamoxatuleba iyo Tamaris samefo
karze saqarTvelos mTavrobaSi arsebuli winaaRmdegobisa `oTx monazonTa~ da
mxargrZelTa Soris, anu qarTvel umaRles sasuliero pirTa (kaTalikosWyondidelsa) da amirspasalar-vezirTa Soris. am dros e.w. `Zalovani
institutebi~ monofizitTa xelSi aRmoCnda - kerZod, mandaturTuxucesoba
`karis garigebis~ Tanaxmad mxargrZelTa (`SanSeTa saxlis~) xelSi iyo, aseve
msaxurTuxucesoba ivane mxargrZelis xelSi iyo, Tu amirspasalarobas ar
CavTvliT, es paeqrobac zaqaria mxargrZelsa da qarTlis kaTalikoss ioanes
Soris winaaRmdegobam gamoiwvia.
13. anisis Sekreba (1218). somxeTis Zvel dedaqalaq anisSi saqarTvelos
sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi imyofeboda mravali eklesia, qarTuli eklesiis
mrevli ise mravlad cxovrobda somxeTis mraval kuTxesa da qalaqSi, rom aq
qarTuli saepiskoposoebic arsebobdnen. erTi axali qarTuli eklesiis
sakurTxevlad q. anisSi CabrZanda saqarTvelos patriarqi etifane, romelmac
gaarkvia sasuliero pirebsa da qarTvel mrevls Soris sadavo sakiTxi anel

xucesTa sargos ganwesebis Sesaxeb. man krebis vrceli dadgenileba anisis

eklesiis kedelze amokveTa. Cvens mecnierebSi miRebulia mosazreba, rom
somxeTSi mcxovrebi mrevli qarTuli eklesiisa TiTqosda eTnikuri somxebi
iyvnen
da
maT
`qarTvelebs~
uwodebdnen
sarwmunoebrivi
niSniT,
qalkedonitobis
gamo.
paragrafSi
dasabuTebulia
aseTi
mosazrebis
aramarTebuloba, ganmartebulia Tu ratom cxovrobdnen somxeTis Crdilo
olqebsa da did qalaqebSi eTnikuri qarTvelebi, mrevli saqarTvelos
eklesiisa.
14. SiomRvimis saeklesio kreba (XIII s. 40-iani wlebi). XIII s. 40-ian wlebSi
Sedga kreba, romelmac gamosca ganCineba SiomRvimis Seuvalobis Sesaxeb.
paragrafSi ganxilulia, rom SiomRvimis monasteri mxolod sameurneo mxriv
iyo damoukidebeli qarTlis sakaTalikososagan, sulierad ki mas marTavda
saqarTvelos eklesiis ierarqi mwignobarTuxucesi (aRniSnul wlebSi bedielalaverdeli episkoposi svimoni) monastris mamasaxlisTan erTad (aseTi kvleva
saWiroa, radganac arcTu didi xnis win XX s-90-ian wlebSi sakiTxSi
Cauxedavobis gamo imJamad SiomRvimis monastris berTa erTma jgufma
sapatriarqosagan monastris sruli damoukidebloba moiTxova, aRniSnuli
krebis mier gamocemul sabuTze `dayrdnobiT~).
15. mcxeTis saeklesio kreba (1263). monRolTa batonobis dros daviT laSas
Zis (ulu daviTis) mefobisas mcxeTaSi Semdara saeklesio kreba, romelsac
dadgenileba gamoutania sam sakiTxze, pirveli iyo saeklesio mamulebis
sakiTxi, meore Seexeboda eklesiis mier `dakrulvili~ piris, mesame ki
sasuliero pirTa pativiscemiT mopyrobis sakiTxs.
mtris batonobisas mefes unebebia saeklesio mamulebis gasxviseba. aseTi
qmedeba krebis mier mkacrad iqna dagmobili. qarTuli samarTlis wesis
Sesabamisad eklesiis mier Serisxul `dakrulvil~ pirs saxelmwifos mier
qoneba unda CamorTmeoda da aseve `laSqarSi ar unda SeeSvaT~, e.i. samxedro
wodebidanac unda gaericxaT. es wesi monRolTa batonobisas darRveula.
damrRvevelni yofilan `vazirni~, `vaziri~. Cvens mecnierebaSi gamoTqmulia
mosazreba, rom es `vaziri~ unda yofiliyo basili mwignobarTuxucesi
ujarmel-Wyondideli.
naSromSi
ganxilulia
urTierTdamokidebuleba
saqarTvelos mTavrobaSi arsebuli `oTx monazonTa~ jgufsa da mxargrZelTa
jgufs Soris (mxargrZelTa jgufSi Sedioda vezirebi: amirspasalari,
mandaturTuxucesi,
amilaxori
da
meabjreTuxucesi).
am
ukanasknelT
`xelmwifis karis garigebis~ Tanaxmad ekuTvnodaT `laSqarSi ar SeSvebis~ da
`mamulis gacemis~ ufleba, amitomac krebis ganCineba exeba ara basili
Wyondidels, aramed mxargrZel vezirebs, romelTanac dapirispirebuli iyo
`oTx-monazonTa~ jgufi.
16.
Sekreba safaraSi (1453). paragrafSi ganxilulia sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb,
rom saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis ucxo iyo sarwmunoebrivi ganxeTqileba.
saqarTvelos erTiani daxelmwifos daSlis Semdeg dasavleT saqarTvelosa da
mesxeTSi warmoSobili miswrafeba eklesiuri gankerZoebisa, unda CaiTvalos
ara sarwmunoebriv, aramed saeklesio-administraciuli mniSvnelobis sakiTxad.
mesxeTSi warmoSobili saeklesio separatizmi mahmadianuri agresiis gamo
safrTxes uqmnida mesxeTis qristianebis sulier simtkices. saqarTvelos
kaTalikos-patriarqebi mTeli saukune iRwodnen eklesiis gamTlianebisaTvis.
erTi aseTi iyo daviT III qarTlis kaTalikosi, is 1453 wels Casula mesxeTSi
da krebis ZaliT dausjia uRirsi episkoposebi, romelnic ucxoel

mRvdelmTavarTa waqezebiT cdilobdnen dedaeklesiisagan administraciul

ganSorebas.
17. samTavisis saeklesio kreba. 1459 wels samTavisis saepiskoposo centrSi
Sedga saeklesio kreba, romelmac daamtkica samTavisis saepiskoposos
`dramisa da Sesavlis wigni~. wigni warmoadgens kanonebis krebuls da exeba
samwysos gadasaxads sxvadasxva sarwmunoebriv da sayofacxovrebo momentTan
dakavSirebiT. am krebas ara mxolod sasuliero, aramed saero xelisufalnic
eswrebodnen, romelTac miiRes samarTlis `wignis~ muxlebi (muxlebi
ganxilulia naSromSi). aqedan Cans, rom Tu romelime saerisTavoSi tardeboda
saeklesio kreba, masSi Sesabamisi saero xelisufalnic monawileobdnen, Tu
samTavroSi Sesabamis samTavro xelisufleba, Tu saxelmwifos centrSi
saxelmwifo xelisufalni.
18. svaneTis `saeklesio krebebi~ (XIII-XVIII s.s.) Cvenamde moRweulia Zegli,
romelsac
`matiane
svaneTisa
krebisa~
ewodeba.
faqtobrivad
masSi
warmodgenilia am pirTa sia, romelTagan umravlesi gardacvlili iyo da
sxvadasxva dros moRvaweobda. am Zeglidan Cans, rom saqarTvelos mTianeTSi
qristianuli eklesia Zlier Zalas warmoadgenda, svaneTis saeklesio
saqmianobas
adgilobrivi
qorepiskoposni,
mamasaxlisni
da
moZRvarni
warmarTavdnen. eklesias aq hyavda Tavisi meWurWle, molareTuxucesi, medroSe,
jvris mtvirTveli da sxva moxeleni. svaneTis qorepiskoposni colosanni
iyvnen (viTarc Zveli drois episkoposebi). isini isxdnen mestiaSi, laSxeTSi,
svaneTis `mTiuleTSi~ (zeda qalaqs). eqvemdebarebodnen caiSel da cagerel
episkoposebs.
19. saeklesio Sekrebani vaxtang VI-is, solomon I-is, Teimuraz II-isa da
erekle II-is karze (XVIII s). paragrafSi ganxilulia XVIII s-Si Semdgari
mimdinare, SedarebiT naklebi mniSvnelobis mqone krebebi, mowveulni 1705, 1712,
1616-1617, 1742, 1744, 1748, 1755-56, 1762, 1764, 1765, 1768 da 1779 wlebSi.
20. mcxeTa-Tbilisis (1755-1756) kreba. zogierTi istorikosi am krebas
`gorisas~ uwodebs. 1755-1756 wlebSi Sedga saeklesio krebebi, romelTac
ganixiles anton I kaTalikosis e.w. `gakaTolikebis~ saqme da is Camoagdes
sapatriarqo taxtidan. krebebma gamosca saTanado aqtebi, romelnic Tan
erTvis paragrafs. ruseTSi wmida sinodis winaSe warmdgarma antonma
daamtkica Tavisi marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoeba, risTvisac miiRo rusuli
saepiskoposo kaTedra, Semdeg ki ruseTis wmida sinodis wevris wodeba.
ruseTSi antoni amtkicebda, rom mas cili daswama mefe Teimuraz II-m, romelic
vaxtang VI-is da ieses mefis STamomavalTa mier miiCneoda qarTlis ukanono
mefed, qarTlis taxtis kanonier memkvidred maT aleqsandre vaxtangis Ze da
anton kaTalikosi miaCndaT. amiT xsnidnen isini im faqts, rom qarTlis
taxtis kanonieri memkvidreobis gamo SeSfoTebulma Teimuraz II-m anton I
moiSora viTarca politikuri mowinaaRmdege da is saqarTvelodan gaaZeva. ase
xedavdnen am movlenas vaxuSti batoniSvili, mari brose, d.CubinaSvili,
a.cagareli da sxva mecnierebi. es krebebi krebis monawile ierarqTa sityviT,
gaimarTa `sabrZanabelsa Sina CvenTa~ (1755 wlis 16 dekembris ganCinebis I aqti).
saqarTvelos eklesiis sasuliero ierarqTa sabrZanebeli iyo mefis karze (e.i.
TbilisSi) da Zvel saeklesio dedaqalaq mcxeTaSi.
21. 1764 wlis krebis ganCineba. krebas eswrebodnen mefe erekle,
mTavarepiskoposi kirile, episkoposi besarioni, tfileli qristefore,
mroveli germane, ninowmideli saba, mangleli nikolozi, rusTveli iosebi.

krebam kvlav ganixila anton kaTalikosis sakiTxi. yovelgvari sabuTebisa da

faqtebis moZiebis Semdeg cxadi Seiqmna, rom wina 1755-1756 wlis kreba
SecdomaSi Seiyvanes dainteresebulma pirebma da anton kaTalikosis mimarT
gamotanili braldeba misi gakaTolikebis Sesaxeb ciliswameba iyo. krebam
gamoikvlia, rom wina krebebi SecdomaSi Seiyvana mRvdelma zaqaria gabaSvilma
da misma Svilma iosebma. krebam sastikad dasaja cilismwameblebi, mTlianad
gaamarTla anton kaTalikosi, miT umetes, rom ruseTis wmida sinodmac
ganixila es sakiTxi, romelmac antoni mTlianad gaamarTla da vladimiris
arqiepiskoposis pativic uboZa. axla, mefe ereklesa da samefo ojaxis
moTxovniT, saqarTveloSi dabrunebuli antoni mTlianad gamarTlebuli iqna
krebis dadgenilebiT.
ZiriTadi daskvna:
saeklesio (rogorc sakanonmdeblo, ise mimdinare) krebaTa analizi,
romelic saeklesio samarTlis aqtebis ganxilvas eyrdnoba. gviCvenebs, rom
CamoyalibebisTanave
saqarTvelos
eklesia
iyo
ucxo
eklesiebisagan
TavisTavadi saeklesio erTeuli. IV-sdanve saqarTveloSi Camoyalibda saero
da sasuliero Zalauflebis mTlianoba. amis gamoxatulebad unda miviCnioT
`moqceva qarTlisas~ cnoba, rom mcxeTeli mTavarepiskoposi glonoqori
`erisTavadca iyo barazbod pitiaxSisagan qarTls da hereTs~449 (arseni
safarelis cnobiT aseTive uflebebi moipova amave sparsTa mpyrobelobis
xanaSi somxurma eklesiamac). arabobis dros qveynis periferiebSi Seqmnili
samarTlebrivi qaosis dros, roca arabul xelisuflebas saqarTvelos
zogierT regionze xeli nawilobriv miuwvdeboda, xolo adgilobrivi
xelisufleba sabolood ar iyo Camoyalibebuli, saqarTvelos eklesiam
SeZlo saero-samoqalaqo iurisdiqciis Tavis xelSi moqceva, am drois kanoniT
`meore mefe episkoposi aris da qristianTa sjulisa damamtkicebeli~ (bagrat
kurapalatis samarTlis 102 muxli), am viTarebiT unda yofiliyo gamowveuli
kaxeTis saqorepiskoposo xelisuflebis Tavdapirveli sasuliero-saero
xasiaTi, samcxis mTavarepiskopos giorgi Suartylelis mier aseve saerosasuliero xelisuflebis Tavis xelSi aReba, svaneTisa da aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos mTianeTis qorepiskoposebis (episkoposTa warmomadgenlebis) mier
aseve
saero-sasuliero
xelisuflebis
gaTaviseba,
SesaZloa
aseve
sasulierosTan erTad didi saero Zalaufleba hqondaT afxazTa samefoSi
Wyondidel episkosebs, romelTac jer kidev saqarTvelos gaerTianebamde
bizantieli imperatorebi sapatio titulebs (`svingelozi~ protoupertimosi)
urigebdnen.
saqarTvelos
gaerTianebis
Semdeg
eklesiis
aRniSulma
mdgomareobam asaxva saero mmarTvelobazec hpova. ueWveli magaliTia
mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondidelis mosvla qveynis mmarTvelobis sadaveebTan, rac
gamowvlilviTaa naSromSi ganxiluli. saero da sasuliero Zalauflebis
erTobis gamomxatvelia Zvel saqarTveloSi saeklesio krebaTa mowvevis saxe,
rogorc wesi (naSromSi amis uamravi magaliTia moyvanili) saxelmwifo
darbazis sxdoma saeklesio sakiTxis ganxilvis dros ukve warmoadgenda
saeklesio krebas da gamohqonda kidec saeklesio kanonebi. radganac
Cveulebisamebr saxelmwifo darbazis sxdoma xelmwifis karze imarTeboda,
amitomac `monasterni da saepiskoposoni da yovelni eklesiani wessa da rigsa
locvisasa da yovlisa saeklesiosa gangebisasa darbazis kariT miiRebdian,

viTarc kanonisa ucTomelsa, yovlad Sueniersa da dawyobilsa, keTil

wesierebasa locvisa da marxvisasa~450.
mematianes es sityvebi Cveni kvleviT dasturdeba. mravali krebis
ganxilvis Semdeg mivediT imave daskvnamde, rom saero da sasuliero
Zalauflebis mTlianoba iyo ZiriTadi mizezi am uCveulo faqtisa.

( )

,
. IV
.
(moqceva qarTlisa) ,
451. ,
. VII-IX
, ,
,
,
-
. ,
(102 ).
- ,
- IX-X
-. -
. , , ,
,
.
.
, XII - ,
.
. ,

(
)452.
-
.
Metropolitan Anania Japaridze
CURRENT CHURCH SYNODS IN GEORGIA
Basic Conclusion
An analysis of Church Synods (Both Legislative and current ones) based upon reviewing the
Church Laws illustrates that the Georgian Church from the very beginning of its formation was a
singled-out church unit, independent from other churches. Since the IV century a process of integration
of the church and the state (civil) power has started. This fact is well-illustrated in Moktsevai
Kartlisai, that says that the head bishop Glonikor is Mtskheta was considered to be Eristavi of Kartli
and Hereti region (the highest State person). According to Arsen Sapareli, in the times of governance of
Persian, the same right were granted to the Church of Armenia Within the period of legal chaos of
governance of Arabs, who controlled only partially some regions of Georgia and Georgian State Power

has not been yet formed completely, the Georgian Church enabled to subordinate under its jurisdiction
both the civil and the church powers. According to ecclesiastical laws of that time, the bishop was
considered a Second King and a creator of the Christian legal norms (see Article 102 of the Legal
Code of Bagrat Kurapalati). Perhaps, this factor caused an integrated civil-and-church nature of powers
of Kakheti cor-episkopian unit, subordination of civil-and-church powers by Head Bishop of Samtskhe
Giorgi Shuartklerli and by cor-bishops (representatives of the Bishop) of Svaneti and mountainous
regions of the Eastern Georgia under their jurisdiction. We think that the same rights were granted to
the bishops of Chkondidi in Abkhaseti, to whom the Byzantian Emperor has granted various titles of
honor (Svingeloz, Protoupertimoc) until Georgias unification. Since the times Georgia has become
an unifed state, the above mentioned situation of the Church reflected also on the state (civil)
governance. One of the clear examples is fact that Mtsignobartukhutsesi-Chkondideli has become a
leader of the State Power. This fact is analyzed in details in the given Work. A fact of integration of the
church and civil powers is a type of conversation of church synods in Ancient Georgia. As a rule (there
are Large number of examples in the Work in this regards) the State Darbazi (council) when
considering the church-related matters was transformed into the Church Synod and adopted the church
canons. Sittings of the Darbazi were held in Kinggs Palace and all the laws adopted were considered
as the highest legislative norms (according to Kartlis Tskhovreb).
There words of an annalist are confirmed by our surveys, as well. As a result of a an analysis of
number of church synods we came to conclusion that a main reason of this unusual fact was an until of
civil and church powers.

mitropoliti anania jafariZe

msoflio saeklesio krebebi
qarTvel episkoposTa monawileobiT

Cvens saistorio mecnierebaSi pirvelad qveyndeba erTiani monografiis

saxiT gamokvleva qarTveli episkoposebis monawileobis Sesaxeb wmida
msoflio saeklesio krebebSi.
qarTveli
episkoposebi
monawileobdnen
wmida
krebaTa
samarTlis
SemuSavebaSi da msoflio saeklesio kanonebs acnobdnen Tavis mrevls, rac
safuZvels warmoadgenda saqarTveloSi marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoebis
siwmidisa.

redaqtori: lia SarvaSiZe

recenzentebi:

istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori

giuli alasania

istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori

sergo vardosaniZe

anania jafariZe, 2003

1. saqarTvelos ori episkoposi I msoflio saeklesio krebaze (325 w.)

nikeis I msoflio krebas eswreboda ori episkoposi qarTvelTa istoriuli
miwa-wylidan.
eseni
iyvnen
biWvinTeli
episkoposi
stratofile
da
trapezunteli episkoposi domne (domnusi). marTalia, ucnobia, iyvnen Tu ara
isini eTnikuri qarTvelebi, magram evsevi kesarieli, piradi xelismomweri
pirveli msoflio krebis dadgenilebisa da wodebuli `saeklesio istoriis
mamad~, Tavis TxzulebaSi amtkicebda, rom Savi zRvis sanapiro, sadac
biWvinTisa da trapezuntis saepiskoposoebi iyvnen ganlagebulni, qarTvelebiT
anu iberebiT iyo dasaxlebuli. evsevi Tavis `qronikebSi~ werda qarTvelTa
Savi zRvis aRniSnul sanapiroze cxovrebis Sesaxeb: `nabuqodonosorma,
romelic herakleze ufro Zlieri iyo, mas Semdeg, rac saomari jari Sekriba,
miaRwia libielTa qveyanaSi da iberTa qveyanaSi, ajoba maT, gaacamtvera da
daimorCila. erTi wili maTgani gadaasaxla man pontos zRvis marjvena
mxareze da iq daasaxla~5
pontos `zRvis marjvena mxare~ iv. javaxiSvilis mixedviT dasaxlebuli
iyo qarTveli tomebiT. `am teritoriaze batonobda qarTuli ena da misi
dialeqtebi - svanuri, megruli da lazuri~.
s. yauxCiSvili wers: `uaRresi mniSvnelobisaa nikeis krebaze biWvintis
ekiskoposis
monawileoba
istoriuli
TvalsazrisiT.
faqti
biWvintis
episkoposis monawileobisa pirvel msoflio krebaze uTuod mowmobs im
garemoebas, rom 325 wlisaTvis dasavleT saqarTveloSi, romlis erT-erTi
ekonomiuri da kulturuli centri iyo biWvinta, imdenad Zlieri yofila
qristianuli organizacia, rom mas saepiskoposo kaTedrac moepoveboda da
misi warmomadgeneli msoflio krebazec iqna miwveuli... cxadia, rom nikeis
saeklesio krebaze miwveuli iyvnen mniSvnelovani saeklesio centrebis
moZRvarni. ase rom, rodesac Cven nikeis mamaTa siaSi vkiTxulobT, rom pirvel
saeklesio krebas daeswrnen trapezuntis episkoposi domnusi da biWvinTis
episkoposi stratofileo, es imas niSnavs, rom trapezunti da biWvinTa
aerTianebdnen msxvil saqristiano organizaciebs. axla sakiTxavia, visi iyo es
organizacia, magaliTad, biWvinTis qristianebisa? iyo es mxolod da mxolod
berZenTa organizacia Tu saerTod biWvinTis mcxovrebTa organizacia? Tu
gaviTvaliswinebT istoriul perspeqtivas, moklebuli iqneba sakiTxis ase
dayeneba, TiTqos biWvinTaSi mcxovrebi berZnebi iseTi maRali kedliT iyvnen
gamijnuli
am
raionis
danarCeni
mosaxleobisagan
(e.i.
mosaxleobis

umravlesobisagan), rom berZnul koloniaSi Seiqmna mZlavri qristianuli

organizacia da es axali ideologia ucnobi darCa biWvinTis araberZnuli (e.i.
adgilobrivi) mosaxleobisaTvis. meoTxe saukuneSi biWvinTis adgilobrivi
mosaxleoba ziarebuli rom ar yofiliyo qristianul moZRvrebas, gana
SesaZlebeli iqneboda naxevari saukunis an cota metis Semdeg iq agebuliyo
adgilobrivi mcxovrebis moTaveobiT taZari, Semkuli mozaikuri warweriT,
romelSic qtitorad ixsenieba qarTveli warCinebuli, vinme `oreli~? amgvarad
ar aris saeWvod misaCnevi is uryevi debuleba, rom trapezuntisa da biWvinTis
episkoposebi, romelnic 325 wels pirvel msoflio saeklesio krebas
daeswrnen nikeaSi, mxolod berZnul mosaxleobas ki ar warmoadgendnen,
aramed mTel mosaxleobas, rogorc berZnuls, ise adgilobriv mkvidr
mosaxleobas~6.
romis wmida imperatorma konstantine I didma (306-337), sanam 325 wlidan
romis imperiis erTpirovnuli mbrZanebeli gaxdeboda, 313 wels Tavis
mokavSire avgustus liciniusTan erTad q. mediolanumSi (milanSi) gamosca
ediqti qristianobis uflebamosil religiad gamocxadebis Sesaxeb. Sewyda
qristianTa saSineli devna. konstantinem safuZveli daudo imperiis axali
dedaqalaqis
mSeneblobas,
romelic
daarsda
kidec
330
wels
da
konstantinopoli ewoda. am axali sataxto qalaqis daarsebamde, 325 wels,
konstantine didma qalaq nikeaSi moiwvia I msoflio saeklesio kreba.
msoflio kreba warmoadgens wmida eklesiis umaRles xelisuflebas
dedamiwaze, ganxorcielebuls suliwmidis xelmZRvanelobiT. pirvel msoflio
krebaze ganxilul iqna im droisaTvis yvelaze mwvave saeklesio sakiTxi.
aleqsandrieli mRvdeli ariozi uaryofda qristes RvTaebriobas, amtkicebda,
ieso qriste mxolod umaRlesi qmnilebaao. am cruswavlebam moicva imperiis
mravali regioni. wmida krebam daadgina, rom `ieso qriste Ze RvTisaa,
Tanaarsi mamisa~, igi aris ara qmnileba, aramed `mamisaganaa Sobili uwinares
yovelTa saukuneTa~ - `Sobili da ara qmnili~.
nikeis I msoflio krebas eswreboda 318 episkoposi. im dros diakonma
aTanase didma da wmida nikoloz saswaulTmoqmedma didad amxiles ariozi,
romelic krebam mwvaleblad gamoacxada da eklesiisagan gankveTa.
krebaze SemuSavda sarwmunoebis simbolo (kredo) mokle redaqciiT. neba
darTes mRvdlebsa da diakvnebs colis yolisa da sxv.
krebas mTeli maSindeli saqristiano msoflios warmomadgenlebi
daeswrnen, maT Soris, rogorc iTqva, `qarTveli episkoposebi~ stratofile
biWvinTeli da domnus trapezunteli. krebis monawileTa siebi 6 enazea
moRweuli, romelTaganac Cans, rom romis imperiaSi moqceul saqarTvelos
aRniSnul kuTxeTa (biWvinTisa da trapezuntis) episkoposebi Sediodnen
polimenos pontos eparqiaSi.
I msoflio krebaze damswre episkoposTagan sokrate, sozomeni da sxva
istorikosebi CamoTvlian Semdeg mniSvnelovan pirebs: osia kordubels
(espaneTidan), aleqsandre aleqsandriel episkoposs, evstaTi antioqiel
episkoposs, leonti kesaria kappadokiel episkoposs, makari ierusalimel
episkoposs, nikoloz mironlukiel episkoposs; spiridon trimiTuntel
episkoposs, iakob nizibiel episkoposs, pafnuti zemo Tebaidel episkoposs,
pavle neokesariel episkoposs, ioane sparsels; Teona kizikel episkoposs;
aleqsandre solunel episkoposs; nunexi laodikiel episkoposs, protogen

sardikiel
episkoposs,
cecilian
karTagenel
episkoposs,
pisti
markianopolel episkoposs, ipati gangrel episkoposs; garpokration
kinopolel
episkoposs;
presviterTagan:
biton
da
bikenti
romael
presviterebs, aramarTlmadidebeli episkoposebi: evstevi nikomidieli,
Teogniste nikeeli, maris qalkedoneli, Teona marmarikeli; sekundi
ptolemaideli, menofante efeseli; patrofil skviTopoleli; narkis
neronieli7.
qalaqi gangra mcire aziaSi mdebareobda, aqedan iyo ipati gangreli
episkoposi da ara saqarTvelodan, rogorc miiCnevs zogierTi qarTveli
istorikosi.

2. qarTveli episkoposi II msoflio krebaze (381 w.)

meore msoflio krebis kanonebs qarTvelma episkoposma pantofilem
moawera xeli. Cvenamde moRweulia II msoflio anu rogorc mas xSirad
uwodeben `konstantinopolis pirveli~ krebis xelismomwer 150 episkoposTa
sia, maT Sorisaa `ponto amisiis olqidan pantofile iberieli~8. zogierT
xelnawerSi pantofiles nacvlad weria `ponsife iberieli~ an `pasifil
iberieli~. am krebis xelismomweri episkoposebi qalaqebis saxelwodebebis
mixedviT moixsenebian, magaliTad, pantofiles momdevno xelismomweri
episkoposi - `martiri markianopoleli~, amitom, erTi SexedviT pantofile
iberieli TiTqosda ponto-amisiis olqSi mdebare im qalaqidanaa, romelsac
`iberia~ erqva, magram `iberieli~, am SemTxvevaSi eTnikuri kuTvnilebis
Sesaxeb unda miuTiTebdes. Sesadareblad, SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom pirveli
msoflio krebis kanonebs xeli moawera episkoposma aseve eTnikuri
kuTvnilebis mixedviT, es iyo ioane sparsi (sparseli). rogorc Cans,
berZnul-romauli
kulturuli
msoflios
gareT
mcxovreb
xalxTa
episkoposebs zogjer eTnikuri saxelebiT moixseniebdnen. iberebi anu
qarTvelebi
aRniSnul
dros
cxovrobdnen
mTel
aRmosavleT
SavizRvispireTSi. iberebi, cxadia, cxovrobdnen ponto amisiis olqSic.
iberielTa (maT Soris igulisxmeboda yvela qarTveli tomi, svanebi da
lazebic) zRvispireTis vrcel arealze cxovrebas imiT xsnidnen eklesiis
Zveli mamebi, rom maT miiCnevdnen nabuqodonosoris dros samxreTis
iberiidan (Cans, mcire aziis samxreT-dasavleT nawilidan lidiidan
(libiidan) da Zveli iberiidan) CrdiloeTSi gadasaxlebulad (Cans es iyo
`moqcevai
qarTlisais~
qveyana
`arian-qarTli~),
amitom
iyo
xmelTaSuazRvispireTidan Savi zRvis aRmosavleT sanapiromde uvrcelesi
regionebi dasaxlebuli qarTvelTa jgufebiT. maTgan iyo pantofile
iberieli Tu saqarTvelodan (politikuri iberiidan), CvenTvis ucnobia. amis
Sesaxeb Tavisi mosazreba hqondaT XX s-is qarTvel mTvdelmTavrebs.
saqarTvelos eklesias XX saukunis 20-70-ian wlebSi marTavdnen
istorikosi mRvdelmTavrebi. maT mier mowodebuli cnobiT meore msoflio
saeklesio
krebaze
monawileobas
iRebda
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
warmomadgeneli. saqarTvelos eklesiis oficialuri organo msoflio
krebaTa ganxilvisas wers: `me-2 msoflio saeklesio krebaze monawileobas

iRebda
saqarTvelos
(iberiis)
eklesiis
warmomadgeneli
episkoposi
pantofile9. 381 wels konsntantinopolSi mowveuli msoflio kreba
mniSvnelovani iyo mcire adgilobrivi eklesiebisaTvis imiT, rom igi Tavisi
me-2 kanoniT icavda maT TavisTavadobas: TiToeul saeklesio samTavros (e.i.
saeklesio erTeulis momcvel politikur-administraciuli teritorias)
ganagebs amave samTavros saeklesio kreba nikeaSi gansazRruli kanonis
Tanaxmad, xolo `warmarTa Soris arsebuli ucxo tomTa eklesiebi unda
ganagon mamaTa mier dawesebuli Zveli kanonebis mixedviT~10.
II msoflio krebis II kanoni balsamons miaCnda misi drois eklesiebis
avtokefalobis kanonikur safuZvlad11.
aRniSnuli muxli, balsamonis azriT, uflebas aZlevs saxelmwifos
sazRvrebis SigniT arsebul eklesias iyos TviTmwyemsi, anu imarTebodes
adgilobrivi saeklesio krebis mier.
II msoflio krebis me-2 muxlis mixedviT, meoTxe saukuneSi imperiis
gareT mcxovreb xalxTa eklesiebi,
imarTeboda `mamaTa mier dawesebuli
Zveli kanonebis mixedviT~. cxadia, 381 wlis msoflio krebisaTvis am mxriv,
yvelaze avtoritetuli unda yofiliyo mociqulTa kanonebis 34-e muxli,
romelSic naTqvamia: `yvela eris episkoposebma unda icodnen maT Soris
pirveli da Tavi episkoposi da araferi zedmeti ar unda gaakeTon mis
gareSe~12. erTi aseTi iyo qristiani qarTveli xalxi, miT umetes, rom mas
hqonda Tavisi saxelmwifo, romlis eklesiis avtokefaliis safuZveli
ZvelTaganve aris I da II krebaTa mier damtkicebuli pirvelqristianuli
Temebis (SemdegSi saeklesio erTeulebis) TavisTavadoba.
3. qarTveli episkoposi me-3 msoflio
krebaze (431 w.)
431 wels efesoSi Catarda me-3 msoflio saeklesio kreba, rogorc
miiCneven am krebis momzadebaSi monawileoba miuRia egreT wodebuli
qarTlis `sparsuli nawilis~ episkoposs ieremias13. am krebis masalebSi
moxseniebuli qarTveli episkoposi ieremia, rogorc mas uwodeben, `iberieli
ieremia~ yofila nestorianelTa winaaRmdeg mebrZoli da V saukunis pirvel
naxevarSi gaafTrebiT ibrZoda nestorianelTa doqtrinis winaaRmdeg)14.
wmida grigol feraZis cnobiT, konstantinopolSi yofila `didaqes~, anu `12
mociqulTa moZRvrebis~ kanonikuri mwerlobis erT-erTi adrindeli Zeglis
_ Targmani, gadaRebuli 1923 wels, vinme feiqriSvilis mier. feraZis azriT,
igi gadaTargmnilia berZnulidan qarTul enaze V saukuneSi, ieremia
iberielis mier. es ieremia Tavis Tavs ase uwodebs: `ieremia urhaeli
qarTveli marTlmadidebeli, yaribobis gamo Tavisianebsa da samSoblos
daSorebuli~15.
k. kekeliZe fiqrobs, rom didaqes aseTi Targmani ar
arsebobda da ieremia urhaeli ar yofila da arc umoRvawia urhaSi16.
k.kekeliZis azriT `didaqe~ axal droSia Targmnili, SesaZloa mas Semdegac,
rac filoTeos brieniosma aRmoaCina misi teqsti17. nestorianebs, romelnic
daamarcxa III msoflio krebam, didad ebrZoda qarTuli eklesia. am
brZolaSi gamoirCeodnen qarTveli mamebi, imdenad moSureni nestoris
wvalebis aRmosafxvrelad, rom zogierT maTgans, Cans, ver SeugrZvnia

sidiade qalkedonis krebisa da es didi kreba qalkedonisa nestorisadmi

daTmobad miuCneviaT. am moSurne qarTvelTa saxelebi da Sromebi Semdgom
ganadgurda. III kreba CvenTvis imiTacaa aRsaniSnavi, rom man me-8 muxliT
daicva patara kviprosis avtokefalia.
Tu qarTlis samefo V s-is pirvel naxevarSi orad iyo gayofili,
dasaSvebia yofiliyo qarTlis _ `sparsuli~ da `berZnuli~ nawilebis
eklesiebi. SeiZleba isini gaaerTiana vaxtang gorgasalma da `sparsul
qarTlSi~ dainiSna cnobili axali 12 episkoposi. savaraudod sparsul
qarTlSi Sedioda teritoria armazidan _ qvemo qarTlisa da kaxeT-hereTis
CaTvliT, xolo berZnulSi _ mcxeTa (samTavro) da dasavleT saqarTvelo.
SesaZloa, swored am `sparsuli iberiidan~ iyo warmoSobiT ieremia,
romelic me-3 msoflio krebis muSaobaSi monawileobda, da im droisaTvis
igi q.urhaSi iyo gadasuli samoRvaweod.
4. saqarTvelos ori episkoposi IV msoflio krebaze (451 w.)
qalkedonSi Semdgari 451 wlis IV msoflio krebas, udidesi mniSvnelobis
mqones msoflio eklesiisaTvis, qarTul wyaroTa mtkicebiT imTaviTve dauWira
mxari saqarTvelos eklesiam, gansakuTrebiT ki VI s. Suidan, rac imperator
zenonis `henotikonma~ Tavisi Tavi amowura. zogierTi cnobiT qalkedonis
krebis
muSaobaSi
`monawileoba
miuRia
sebastopolis
(nikofsiis)
episkoposs~18.
nikofsia, Cvens winaprebs qarTvelTa qveynis ganuyofel nawilad miaCniaT,
rogorc es ganacxada wmida giorgi mTawmidelma antioqiis sapatriarqo karze
gamarTul mRvdelmTavarTa Sekrebaze - `erTi wmida Tormet mociqulTagani,
simons vityvi kananelsa, qveyanasa Cvensa damarxul ars - afxazeTs, romelsa
nikofsi ewodebis. amaT wmidaTa mociqulTa ganaTlebulni varT~19.
nikofsiaSi mociqul simon kananelis saflavis Sesaxeb berZnuli
saeklesio wyaroebic miuTiTebdnen - `ars jiqeTs nikofsiaSi saflavi,
romelsa aqvs warwera simon kananelisa~20.
romeli xalxis qveyanaSi iyo dakrZaluli wmida mociquli simoni?
rogorc aRiniSna, mas giorgi mTawmideli `qveyanasa Cvensa - afxazeTs~
uwodebda.
antioqiis patriarqi giorgi mTawmidels uwodebda `naTesaviT qarTvels~.
`daRacaTu naTesaviT qarTveli xar, xolo swavlulebiTa da mecnierebiT
Cvenive swori xar~21.
maSasadame, giorgi mTawmideli afxazeTs `Cven qveyanas~ anu `qarTvelTa
qveyanas~ uwodebda. am qveyanas, sadac iqadages mociqulebma, qarTuli da
berZnuli saeklesio wyaroebi zogjer `qvemo iberias~, xolo Zveli rusuli
wyaroebi `dasavleT iverias~ uwodebdnen - $Gj crfpfyb. ktnjgbcwf- fgjcnjk
Fylhtq === ghjybryek d pfgflye. Bdthb. === ,sk jy d Rkfh;tn- Fwrdth- W[evVbyuhtkbb- F,[fpbb b d lheub[ vtcnf[$22=
biWvinTis arqeologiuri kvleviT dadginda, rom am qalaqSi qristianobas
uZlieresi safuZvlebi gaaCnda, amitomac miiRo kidec 325 wels I msoflio
krebis muSaobaSi misma episkoposma monawileoba, amitom imave regionidan IV

msoflio krebis Semzadeba-muSaobaSi episkoposis monawileoba daujereblad

ar migvaCnia. nikita paflagonieli (gard. 873 w.) pirdapir wers, rom wmida
mociqulma andream `iqadaga iverTa Soris~23. amasve acxadebda dabejiTebiT
wmida giorgi mTawmideli ori saukunis Semdeg antioqiis patriarqis winaSe.
IV msoflio krebis saqmianobisas episkoposTa jgufma mimarTviT mimarTa
imperators, am siaSi naxsenebia `pavle, presviteri, imerieli episkoposis
uraniosis moadgile~24, komentaris Tanaxmad sxva xelnawerSi am `imerielis~
nacvlad Cawerilia `iverieli~25 (imeria qalaqs erqva anatoliaSi).
qalkedonis krebis xelismomwer episkoposTa Soris dasaxelebulia
`atarve trapezunteli~26. unda vifiqroT, rom am krebis suliskveTeba
Tavidanve iyo cnobili CvenSi.
maSasadame, qalkedonis krebas ori episkoposi eswreboda istoriuli
saqarTvelodan.

5. erTi cnoba V msoflio krebis (553 w.) muSaobaSi saqarTvelos episkoposis

monawileobis Sesaxeb
monawileobda Tu ara saqarTvelodan romelime episkoposi V msoflio
krebis muSaobaSi, dazustebuli ar aris, istorikosi b. diasamiZe miiCnevs, rom
Savi zRvispira qalaq petras episkoposi ioane monawileobda 553 wlis me-5
msoflio (konstantinopolis II) saeklesio krebis muSaobaSi. misi TqmiT,
saqarTvelos kidev sami episkoposi awers xels am krebis dadgenilebas, maTgan
fazisisa da sebastopolisis warmomadgenlebic episkoposis xarisxSi arian
moxseniebuli27. Cveni azriT, es cnoba dasazustebelia, radganac piradad
gadavaTvaliereT V msoflio krebis xelismomwerTa sia, magram, samwuxarod,
aseTi xelismomwerebi masSi ver aRmovaCine, Tumca, SesaZloa, vcdebode. Cemi
TvalsazrisiT, mdinare klisuras aqeT mdebare dasavleT saqarTvelos
berZnuli saepiskoposoebi Tavisi namdvili saxiT daarsdnen mxolod herakle
keisris laSqrobis Semdeg, rac am imperatorma dasavleT saqarTvelos
zRvispireTi uSualod miuerTa bizantiis imperias, ramac ufleba misca
konstantinopols Tavisi iurisdiqcia ganexorcielebina masze. am mosazrebas
b. diasamiZe ar iziarebs28.
Cven gvaqvs bizantiis imperator iustinianes XXXI novela, romelSic
CamoTvlilia es da sxva qalaqebi. ai, ras wers maT Sesaxeb imperatori 535
wels Tavis moxeles - `pitiunti da sebastopolisi xom ufro cixesimagreebSia CasaTvleli, vidre
qalaqebSi~29. rac Seexeba petras, igi
iustinianes dros qceula qalaqad, - igi wers, rom petras `CvengniT xvda
wilad qalaqi gamxdariyo~30. s. yauxCiSvili varaudobs, rom petra, SesaZloa
iqamde ukve iyo dasaxlebuli punqti da garkveuli savaWro centri, romelic
iustinianes dros cixe-simagred gadaiqca31. iustiniane aRniSnul novelaSi
CamoTvlis sxva zRvispira simagreebs (da ara qalaqebs), maT Soris,
arqeopolissa da rodopoliss, qalaqTa Soris saerTod ar asaxelebs faziss.
qalaqebis raodenoba, TviT iustinianes sitviT, bizantiis aRmosavleT Savi
zRvispira adgilebSi Zalze mcire iyo. aseve iyo TviT helenopontoSic ki,

romelic Seudareblad ufro iyo ganviTarebuli savaWro-ekonomikuri

TvalsazrisiT, vidre lazeTi da WaneTi. iustiniane wers orad gayofili
pontos qalaqebis Sesaxeb - `TiToeuli am qveynis qalaqebi rom daiTvalo,
Zlivs erTi eparqiisaTvis aRmoCndeba sakmarisi, marTlac helenopontoSi sul
rva qalaqia... xolo polemonis pontoSi Sedis xuTi sxva qalaqi (neokesaria,
komana, trapezunti, kerasunti da polemonioni. pitiunti da sebastopolisi
xom ufro cixe-simagreebSia CasaTvleli, vidre qalaqebSi), ase, rom TiToeuli
pontos Semadgenloba aseTia, maT Semdeg mdebareobs Cveni lazike, sadac aris
qalaqi petra, romelsac CvengniT xvda wilad qalaqi gamxdariyo da darqmeoda
da romelsac mieniWa Cveni uzenaesobis saxelic da ewoda iustiniane, Semdeg
arqeopolisi da rodopolisi, udidesi da Zveli simagreebi. aqve Sedis
agreTve Cvens mier sparselebisagan ukan CamorTmeuli simagreebi skandisi,
sarapanisi, muxurisi, lisisi da sxva ramec, rac ki lazeTSi SeviZineT, Semdeg
modis WanTa qveyana, mxolod axla, Cveni mefobis dros romaelTa mier
dapyrobili, masac aqvs ukve qalaqad qceuli adgilebi, momavalSic eqneba
sxvebi. am qveynis Semdeg damkvidrebuli arian sxva tomebic, svanebi, skvimnebi.
afsilebi, abazgebi da sxva, RvTis SewevniT, Cveni megobari tomebi, magram am
qveynebze laparakma Sors wagviyvana, daubrundeT isev pontoebs da maTi
gaerTianebis sakiTxs. amgvarad, orive am pontos, romelic xsenebul camet
qalaqs Seicaven, kvlav erT eparqiad vaerTianebT da vaniWebT maT Zvelis
erTianobas da axal saxelwodebas: helenoponto ewodos mas mTlianad~32.
maSasadame, helenopontoSi rva qalaqia, polemonis pontoSi ki xuTi, orive
ponto iustinianem erT samoqalaqo administraciul erTeulad e.w. eparqiad
gaaerTiana helenopontos saxelwodebiT. am pontoSi, kerZod ki polemonis
pontoSi Sedian cixe-simagreebi pitiunti da sebastopolisi. ponto
bizantiis anu `romis~ imperiis ganuyofeli nawilia. sxvaa lazeTi da WaneTi.
lazeTic, Cans, ramdenime nawilad iyofa, maTgan erT-erTs iustiniane `Cvens
lazikes~ uwodebs (maSasadame, igi bizantielTa mieraa dapyrobili), masSi
Sedis axali qalaqi petra, agreTve `udidesi da Zveli simagrebi~ arqeopolisi
da
rodopolisi.
romaelTa
(bizantielTa)
mier
axali
dapyrobilia
(iustinianes dros) WanTa qveyana. am qveynis gareT cxovrobdnen tomebi
svanebisa, skvimnebisa, afsilebsa da abazgebisa.
mkvidri mosaxleoba ZiriTadad soflebSi cxovrobs. am soflebSi
mcxovrebi qristianebis mRvdelmTavars VI s. avtori prokofi kesarieli kaTolikoss uwodebs: - `qristianTa mRvdelmTavarsac kaTolikoss uwodeben
elinTa eniTa, radgan is erTi ganagebs yvela iqaur soflebs~33. prokofi
kesarieli am kaTalikoss axsenebs swored qalaq petras aRweris dros. ara
qalaqis
mosaxleobis
mRvdelmTavaria
`kaTolikosi~,
aramed
`iqauri
soflebisa~. ratom? albaT imitom, rom zRvispira qalaqebi berZen romael
kolonistebs ekuTvnodaT, da ara adgilobriv mkvidr mosaxleobas. magaliTad
visi qalaqia fazisi? V s. anonimis sityviT, igi berZnebis, kerZod ki mileteli
kolonistebisaa - `fasisis marcxniT mdebareobs miletelTa elinuri qalaqi,
romelsac fazisi ewodeba~34. ara yvela qalaqia elinebis, aramed isini,
romelSic TviTonve kolonistobdnen, magaliTad, imave avtoris cnobiT
mdinare fazisze mdebare qalaqi aia mkvidri mosaxleobisaa, aqedan iyo
medea. iustinianes mier zRvispireTSi daarsebuli petra da sxva qalaqebi,
cxadia, romaeli jariskacebisa da movaWreebisaTvis aSenda da ara mkvidri

mosaxleobisaTvis, amitom saeklesio iurisdiqciac Sesabamisia am qalaqebSi

mcxovrebi kolonistebis mRvdelmTavari VI s-Si, gansaxilvel droisaTvis
sxvaa, xolo mRvdelmTvari `soflebis~ anu mkvidri mosaxleobisa `kaTolikosia~, aq cxadia, mcxeTeli kaTalikosi igulisxmeba, radganac
dasavleT saqarTveloSi, rogorc dabejiTebiTaa cnobili, kaTalikosi ar
ijda, aseTi iyo mxolod mcxeTaSi da dvinSi. am ukanasknelsac ierarqiulad
rom daqvemdebareobda adgilobrivi qristianoba, mainc imas niSnavs, rom
zRvispira qalaqebis ucxoeli jariskacebi da kolonisti mcxovrebni sxva
berZnul (droebiT) iurisdiqciaSi imyofebodnen. magram, sabednierod gvaqvs
somxurive wyaro, romelic dabejiTebiT amtkicebs, rom egrisis qristianebi VI
s. bolosa da VII s. dasawyisSi qarTlis kaTalikos kirions eqvemdebarebodnen,
`Zveli wesis Sesabamisad~ _ viTarca egrisis arqiepiskoposs. aqamde,
sayovelTaod iyo (da aris cnobili), rom zRvispira qalaqebi berZenTa
samosaxloebs
(koloniebs,
dasaxlebebs)
warmoadgendnen,
eseni
iyvnen
sevastopolisi dioskuria, naxsenebi ptolemeosis mier, biWvinTa, fazisi da
sxv. kolxeTis berZnul qalaqebs uwodebs mas s. yauxCiSvili35. yvela Zveli
avtoris dabejiTebuli mtkicebiT am qalaqebis gareT mcxovrebi mosaxleoba
barbarosulia, ase uwodebdnen dasavleT saqarTvelos ara berZnul-romaul
tomebs, Tumca aRniSnul epoqaSi isini qristianebi iyvnen da TavianTi `lazTa
episkoposebi~ da `kaTalikosi~ hyavdaT36.
b.
diasamiZem
SesaniSnavad
gamoikvlia
dasavleT
saqarTvelos
saepiskoposoTa Camoyalibebis istoria, Tumca, mosazreba, rom petras
saepiskoposo VI s. Sua xanebSi funqcionirebda da misi episkoposi ioane
monawileobda 553 wlis me-5 msoflio (konstantinopolis II) saeklesio krebis
muSaobaSi saeWvoa37. radganac me-5 msoflio krebis muSaobis dros cixe-qalaqi
petra miwasTan iyo gasworebuli im aTwliani daundobeli brZolis gamo,
romelic swored am qalaqisaTvis mimdinareobda romaelTa (bizantielTa) da
iranelTa jarebs Soris. masSi aTasobiT saukeTeso meomari monawileobda
TviT iranis saxelovani Sahis xosro I-isa da gamoCenili bizantieli
strategebis moTaveobiT. lazikis didi 20-wliani omis dros 542 wels petras
miadga iranelTa Sahi da didi brZolis Semdeg qalaqi aiRo da masSi Tavisi
jari Caayena. es jari aq idga. 551 wels 6000 bizantielma meomarma qalaqi
gaWirvebiT aiRo, akropolisSi gamagrebulma 500 sparselma meomarma tyveobas
cocxlad dawva amjobina. bizantielebma qalaqi aiRes, Semdeg ki misi
zRudeebi miwasTan gaaswores, rom mters is momavalSi kvlav ar
daemkvidrebina. lazikaSi omi kidev gagrZelda 562 wlis zavis dadebamde. ase
rom, 553 wels qalaqi petra miwasTan iyo gasworebuli da amitomac mas,
albaT, arc episkoposi hyavda! rogorc iTqva, gvaeWvebs petras episkopisis
monawileoba 553 wlis mexuTe krebis muSaobaSi, arc is aris gamoricxuli,
rom Tuki namdvilad hyavda petras episkoposi VI saukuneSi, igi omianobis
gamo ltolvilis statusiT imyofeboda konstantino-polSi. mcxeTeli
kaTalikosi
imJamad
miRebuli
Cveulebis
Tanaxmad
eTnosis
(eris)
pirvelmRvdelmTavrad iTvleboda (viTarca moiTxovos mociqulTa 34-e kanoni),
am eris qveS ki Cven unda vigulisxmoT qarTvelebi, romelTac somxebi
vracebs, xolo berZnebi da romaelebi lazebs da iberebs uwodebdnen. s.
yauxCiSvili wers: `rogorc wyaroebidan Cans, berZen-romaelma mwerlebma
kargad icodnen, rom iberia ewodeboda ara mxolod qarTls (aRmosavleT

saqarTvelo), aramed dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvsipira olqsac. magaliTad

pliniusi (VI, 11): `am adgilebSi, mTebs iqiT aris iberia, sanapiroze
cxovrobdnen henioxebi, amprevetebi, lazebi~, istorikosi epifane (VIII s.):
`mociquli andria qadagebda skviTTa, sogdianTa da gorsinTa Soris did
sevastopolSi, sadac aris afsari, isosis navsayudari da mdinare fazisi. iq
cxovroben iberebi, susebi, fustebi da alanebi.~ igive epifane kvlav wers `sxva mociqulebi iyvnen qalaqebSi, qadagebdnen, saswaulmoqmedebdnen da iyvnen
iberiaSi da fazisSi, ramdenime dRis Semdeg mividnen svaneTSi~. s.yauxCiSvilis
mtkicebiT ucxoeli mkvlevarebi `iberiasa~ da `iberebSi~ gulisxmobdnen
dasavleT saqarTvelos olqsa da mcxovreblebs (zRvispiras) amitomac
s.yauxCiSvils dadgenilad miaCnia, rom dasavleT saqarTvelo dasaxlebuli
iyo ara mxolod megrul-Wanuri tomebiT, aramed iberielebiTac38. Cveni
fiqriT, Secdomaa sxvadasxva eTnosebad warmovadginoT `iberebi~ da `megrelWanebi~. es erTi xalxi iyo, erTi enis mqone, amis Sesaxeb miuTiTebs TiTqmis
Tanadrouli VII saukunis wyaro `moqcevai qarTlisai~, romlis mixedviTac
arian-qarTlidan gadmosaxlebuli mosaxleoba dasaxlda ara mxolod
aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi, aramed mTel dasavleT saqarTveloSi, mdinare
egriswylamde, xolo XII s. dasawyisis moRvawe arsen beri werda _ `Cven,
Svilni varT maT arian-qarTliT gamosulTani da enai maTi vuwyiT~, somxuri
wyaroebis dabejiTebuli mtkicebiTac samxreTis qveynidan gadmosaxlebis
Semdeg nabuqodonosorma qarTvelebi daasaxla Savi zRvis aRmosavleT
sanapiroze. qarTvelTa Tavdapirvel sacxovrad kavkasiaSi rogorc movses
xorenaci, ise uxtanesi miiCnevs dasavleT saqarTvelos, kerZod ki
SavizRvispireTs39. b.diasamiZis mniSvnelovani dakvirvebiT, aRniSnul epoqaSi
- `adgilobrivi kolxuri (zanuri) ena am dros arc ise didi xnis wina aris
gamoyofili saerTo qarTuli fuZe enidan~40.
T. gamyreliZem da m. maWavarianma daadgines, rom `qarTul-zanuri
divergencia moxda Cveni welTaRricxvis mijnaze41. aRniSnul epoqaSi `adgilobrivi kolxuri (zanuri) ena am dros arc ise didi xnis win aris
gamoyofili saerTo qarTveluri fuZe enidan~40.
`akad. a. Ciqobava da Semdeg misi mimdevrebi (q. lomTaTiZe, m. qurdiani,
t. futkaraZe) am sakiTxis Seswavlis amosaval meTodad kanonzomier da
regularul bgeraTSesatyvisobis arsebobis dadgenas miiCneven. am meTodiT
sakiTxis SeswavliT gakeTebulia daskvna, rom Zveli welTaRricxvis II
saukunidan iwyeba saerTo qarTveluri fuZe enidan SiSina `a enis~ gamoyofa,
romlisaganc momdevno aTaswleulSi CamoinakvTa zanuri (SiSina o) da svanuri
(SiSina a) enebi... axali welTaRricxvis IX saukunidan zanurs, svanursa da
qarTuls
Soris
ukve
Camoyalibebulia),
CvenTvis
cnobili
bgeriTSesatyvisobani, magram yvela qarTuli samefos saxelmwifo da saeklesio ena
mainc saliteraturo qarTulia~42 _ wers b. diasamiZe.
axali kvlevebiT miCneulia, rom kolxuri kultura iyo saerTo qarTuli
kultura da mis Semqmnel xalxs `gaaCnda saerTo qarTuli ena da rom
farnavazi da quji erT enaze laparakobdnen da amanac gaadvila maSin
saqarTvelos am ori nawilis gaerTianeba. zanuris saerTo qarTveluri enidan
gamoyofas axali welTaRricxvidan varaudoben... amitom IV saukunis
kolxisaTvis sulac ar iqneboda gaugebari aRmosavluri qarTuli ena, amitom

sarwmuno Cans mTavarepiskopos a.jafariZis azri wers b. diasamiZe rom,

marTalia, arsebobda axlad warmoqmnili qarTuli fuZe enis daSlis Sedegad
miRebuli tomobrivi enebi qarTebisa da megrelebisa, magram es enebi
erTmaneTis mimarT dialeqtebs warmoadgendnen da imdenad axlos idgnen
erTmaneTTan, rom SeiZleboda erTian enaze laparaki~43. amis Sesaxeb
miuTiTebda jer kidev ivane javaxiSvili, rodesac man gamoikvlia, rom
qristianobis miRebamde saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSi, maT Soris samegrelosa
da svaneTSi warmarTuli kultmsaxurebis enas qarTuli ena warmoadgenda, da
warmarTuli sakulto terminologia (qarTulenovani) Zalze daxvewili iyo,
rom qristianobis SemoRebis Semdeg saerTo saRvTismetyvelo saeklesio enis
Seqmna CamonakveTis saqmeSi megrelebsa da svanebs aqtiuri monawileoba
hqonda miRebuli. ivane javaxiSvilis am kvlevis mamtkicebel faqtad miviCnevT
Cven ioane lazis (igive miTridate pontoelis) yofnas aRmosavleT
saqarTveloSi swored saeklesio liturgikuli enis Camoyalibebis dros
iberiis samefo karze (sadac mimdinareobda kidec es muSaoba), ufliswulis,
momavali petre iberis, aRmzrdelad da naTliad ioane lazi. s. yauxCiSvilis
mixedviT, fasisis ritorikuli skolis erT-erTi xelmZRvaneli iqna miwveuli
da amitom ioane lazis mier dafuZnebul lazTa monasterSi, romelic
ierusalimis gareT udabnoSi mdebareobda aRmoCnda kidec dRemde erT-erTi
uZvelesi saeklesio asomTavruli warwerebi44. rogorc cnobilia, imperatorma
iustinianem VI s-Si ganaaxla `iberTa monasteri ierusalimSi, lazTa
monasteri ierusalimis udabnoSi~45. amitomac unda vifiqroT, rom IV-VI
saukuneebSi dasavleT saqarTvelos mkvidri mosaxleoba Sedioda Tavisi
eTnikuri
mRvdelmTavris
iurisdiqciaSi,
romelsac
yvelani
prokofikesarielis
TqmiT
`kaTolikoss~
uwodebdnen.
igi,
cxadia,
mcxeTeli
kaTalikosia, aseve prokofi kesarielis mierve moxseniebuli lazTa
episkoposebi46 saeklesio TvalsazrisiT aRniSnul dros qarTulenovanebi
iyvnen da mcxeTis kaTalikosis iurisdiqciaSi Sediodnen (amitomac iyo VI s.
bolos kirioni, `egrisis arqiepiskoposi~) VI s-Si iustinianes mier axlad
daarsebul q. petrasa da sxva cixe-simagreSi mcxovrebi berZnuli garnizoni
saeklesio iurisdiqciis mxriv vfiqrob konstantinopolis sapatriarqos
eqvemdebareboda, xolo am berZnul-romauli qalaqebisa cixe-simagreebis gareT
mdebare soflebisa da qalaqebis samwyso Sedioda `lazTa episkoposebisa~ da
maTi zemdgomi `kaTalikosis~ iurisdiqciaSi, vidre VII s. 20-30-ian wlebamde
herakle keisaris laSqrobamde. amis mamtkicebel magaliTad Cven migvaCnia
martvilis (Wyondidis) saepiskoposo taZari (kaTedra) agebuli VII s. aRniSnul
wlebamde, qarTuli arqiteqturis gamoyenebiT da masSi arsebuli qarTuli
Tanadrouli warwerebiT, cxadia igi Sedioda qarTuli (mcxeTis) eklesiis
(kaTalikosis) iurisdiqcis qveS, magram mas Semdeg, rac bizantiam miitaca
qarTuli saxelmwifos miwa-wyali vidre e.w. skanda-Sorapanis xazamde (VII s.
20-30-ian wlebidan) dasavleT saqarTvelos teritoria (zRvidan am xazamde)
mTeli
Tavisi
mosaxleobiT
oficialurad
Sevida
konstantinopolis
iurisdiqciaSi. Sedegad fasisis samitro-politosa da misi saepiskoposebis
samwysos ukve warmoadgenda mTeli mkvidri mosaxleoba, maSasadame, es
saepiskoposoebi gadaiqcnen mkvidri qarTuli samwysos sasuliero centrebad,
Tumca konstantinopolis iurisdiqciis qveS nacvlad mcxeTeli kaTalikosisa.

iustinianes dros, VI s-is I naxevarSi saqarTvelo (yofili qarTlis

samefo) erTmaneTs Soris gainawiles bizantielebma da sparselebma, Tumca
dava maT Soris ar Sewyvetila, sparseTi amtkicebda, rom iberebi maTi
xeldebuli xalxia, amitomac dasavleT saqarTveloSi mas aqvs uflebebi
flobdes adre iberiaSi Semaval SavizRvispireTis teritoriebs. petrasaTvis
omi sparselebsa da bizantielebs Soris miuTiTebs, rom petras mimdebare
miwebi sparselebisaTvis iberiul teritoriad ganixileboda, amitomac mas
iuridiuli ufleba hqonda am miwa-wyalze viTarca iberiaze mis xeldebul
qveyanaze. iqamde (VI s-mde) gacilebiT adre straboni (I s.) amtkicebda, rom
`svanebs-zogierTebi iberebs uwodeben~. e.i. svanebic iberieli xalxis erT-erT
tomad miiCneoda I saukunisaTvis. arianes
cnobiT, petrasTan (yofil
afsarosTan) iyo iberiis sazRvari. lazebis miwa-wyals (igulisxmeba petradan
md. klisuramde) sparselebi swored iberiulad miiCnevdnen, amitomac
aZlevdnen kidevac Tavis Tavs nebas, edavaT am miwa-wylis sparseTis
saxelmwifoSi Sesayvanad (rogorc iTqva, viTarca iberiis erTi nawilisa),
sirielebic lazebs urZebs (aqedan gurZebs) uwodebdnen, iseve rogorc
saerTod aRmosavleT-dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobas). lazurZgurZgur fuZe unda Candes somxur termin `xorZeneSi~ (xorZxurZurZgurZ).
xorZene iyo istoriuli lazeTis provincia. aRsaniSnavia, rom xorenacisa da
sxva somexi istorikosebis cnobiT qarTuli anbanis restavracia (SeqmnaSemuSavebis) dros qarTlis mefe bakuris karze Sekrebilan qarTuli
provinciebidan, maT Soris xorZenedan da taronidan Casuli sasuliero
pirebi47. lazeTidan Casuli miTridate lazi kidec iyo aRmzrdeli V s.
dasawyisSi patara petre iberisa qarTlis samefo karze, sadac im droisaTvis
qarTebisa
da
lazebis
(gurZebis)
mecadineobiT
SemuSavda
qarTuli
liturgikuli ena. (Seadare - `andria qadagebda skviTTa, sogdianTa da
gorsinTa Soris~ - gorsingursingurZin, `guria~, `eguri~, `argueTi~).
unda davaskvnaT, rom VI s-dan VII s. 20-30-ian wlebamde - dasavleT
saqarTvelos berZnul-romaul cixe-qalaqTa garnizoni da mosaxleoba
Sesabamis ucxour iurisdiqciaSi imyofeboda, xolo `soflur adgilTa~ anu
faqtobrivad
mTeli
qveynis
mrevli
prokofis
mier
dasaxelebul
`kaTalikosis~ iurisdiqciis qveS.

6. VI msoflio saeklesio krebis (680 w.) mier saqarTvelos eklesiis uflebaTa aRiareba
680 wels konstantinopolSi Sedga msoflio saeklesio kreba. igi moiwvia
imperatorma konstantine poRonatma (668-685), raTa emxilebina monoTelitebis
crumoZRvreba. monoTelitebi, marTalia, cnobdnen qristeSi or - RvTaebriv da
kacobriv bunebas, magram aRiarebdnen masSi mxolod RvTaebriv nebisyofas.
imperatori herakle, romlis drosac suli Caedga am eress, fiqrobda, rom
am axali moZRvrebis daxmarebiT SesaZlebeli iqneboda monofizitebisa da
diofizitebis Serigeba. am or uzarmazar sarwunoebriv banaks Soris mtroba
imperias ganxeTqilebiT emuqreboda. monoTelitobis eress Tavidanve ebrZodnen
sofron ierusalimeli da konstantinopoleli beri maqsime aRmsarebeli (mas
ena da xelic ki mokveTes amis gamo, sabolood ki lazikaSi gadmoasaxles).

meeqvse
msoflio
krebam
170
episkoposis
monawileobiT
dagmo
monoTelitobis eresi. ganisazRvra qristeSi ori buneba - RvTaebrivi da
kacobrivi. am or bunebas ori nebisyofa aqvs, magram ise, rom kacuri nebisyofa
ar ewinaaRmdegeba da emorCileba RvTaebrivs.
VI msoflio krebas kanonebi ar gamoutania, magram zogierTi qarTuli
xelnaweris Tanaxmad, miuRia dadgenilebani, maT Soris, qarTuli eklesiis
sapatriarqo eklesiad aRiarebis Sesaxebac. ganusazRvravs misi iurisdiqciis
sazRvrebi. `qarTlis cxovrebis~ CanarTi wers: `... iqmna kreba meeqvse, wmidaTa
mamaTa konstantinopolis Sina, meaTsametesa welsa poRonati konstantines
mefobisasa, romeli iyo mama iustinianesi, romlisa winamZRvar iyvnes Teodore
da giorgi xucesni da ioane diakoni, adgilis-mcvelni aRaTon romis papisani
da giorgi konstantino-poleli, Teofane antioqieli. amis krebisa mier
brZanes esreT wmidisa eklesiisa saqarTvelosaTvis, romel ars wmida mcxeTa,
raTa iyos swor pativiTa viTarca wmidani samociqulo kaTolike eklesiani,
sapatriaqoni da iyos kaTalikosi qarTlisa swori patriarqTa Tana, da
akurTxevdes da mwysides da ganagebdes samarTliT mTavarepiskoposTa,
mitrapolitTa da episkoposTa samwysosa Tvissa qarTlisa, gamoRma-gaRma
kaxeTsa, Saqsa, Sirvansa da midgmiT wamovliT mTisa adgilisaTa, suaneTisa da
Cerqezis sazRvramdis, sruliad oseTsa da yovelsa zemo qarTlsa, samcxesaaTabagosa. misTvis migviTvlia saqarTvelos eklesiani. mas hmonebdnen da mis
xel queSe iyvnen da sjulsa missa erCden da misgan imwyesebodnen. da
migvicemia xelmwifeba Sekvrisa da ganxsnisa... xolo pirveliTgan antioqiisa
krebisa mier ganpatiosnebuli iyo. da am krebis mier dagvimtkicebia patriaqad,
rameTu nu iqnebin mitropolitni, nuca episkoposi kaTalikosisa Seundobrad.
xolo ukeTu vinme ikadros kaTalikosisa winaaRdgoma, mTavarepiskoposman,
gina mitropolitman, anu episkoposman, anu daipyras xarisxi da eklesia
ZaliTa, kaTalikosisa ukiTxavad da Seundobelad, anu ikurTxos mefe, gina
mTavarni, anu mTavarespikoposni da mitropolit-episkoposni, ganikueTen. xolo
odesa enebos Semzadeba da kurTxeva mironisa, akurTxos Tvissa eklesiasa~48.
rogorc iTqva, VI msoflio krebas kanonebi ar gamoucia, magram krebis
mier dadgenili da imperatoris mier damtkicebuli saboloo teqsti 681 wlis
16 seqtembers gadaeca saimperatoro kars sagangebod dasacavad49.
safiqrebelia, rom swored es saboloo teqsti unda dadeboda safuZvlad
`qarTlis cxovrebis~ zemoT moyvanil CanarTs msoflio krebis mier qarTuli
eklesiisaTvis sapatriarqo Rirsebis miniWebis Sesaxeb. v. goilaZis azriT, am
Tvalsazrisis gamoTqmis uflebas iZleva `martvilur xelnawerebSi~ arsebuli
msgavsi cnoba. es cnoba aseTia: `rameTu esreT Sesaswavebel ars taxtikonsa
Sina konstantinopolisasa, viTarmed mas Jamsa wmida meeqvsesa krebasa
konstantine
poRonatisasa
da
aRaTon
romTa
papisa,
giorgi
konstantinopolelisasa da Teofane antioqielisasa da maT-Tana asocdaaTTa
mamaTagan gapatiosnda kaTalikozi qarTlisa da yves mamamTavrad da
Tavisuflad da uflad yovelsa zeda saqarTvelosa: da mere kvaladve krebasa
Sina antioqiisasa ganTavisuflda da gapatiosnda, rameTu arRaravisagan xel
qveS ars, aramed Tavisufal da mamamTavari ars~50.
`martvilur xelnawerSi~ wyarod dasaxelebuli `konstantino-poluri
taqtikoni~, SesaZloa, iyos is dokumenti, romelic 681 wlis 16 seqtembers
gadaeca Sesanaxad samefo karis samdivnos.

marTalia, aTi wlis, Semdeg 691 wels mowveul iqna e.w. trulis kreba,
romelmac iRvawa kanonSemoqmedebiTi TvalsazrisiT. Sekriba da gamosca wina
msoflio krebaTa kanonebi, magram maTSi ar Sesula mravali kanoni da
dadgenileba wina krebebisa, albaT, masSi ar moxvda aseve VI krebis
dadgenileba qarTuli eklesiis Sesaxeb51.
v. goilaZem gamoikvlia, rom `qarTlis cxovrebis~ zemoaRniSnuli cnoba
sandoa, radganac masSi sworadaa asaxuli krebis mimdinareobis istoriuli
viTareba, kerZod, krebaze damswreTa Soris moxseniebulia ara antioqieli
patriarqi makariosi, romelic krebam monoTelit-mwvaleblad aRiara da
gaaZeva, aramed mis adgilze arCeuli axali patriarqi antioqiisa Teofane,
romelic bolomde iyo krebaze.
maSasadame, Zvel qarTul saeklesio istoriografias samarTlianad
miaCnda, rom qarTulma eklesiam sapatriarqo Rirseba moipova VI msoflio
krebaze, 681 wels. iqamde patriarqis wodebas atarebda amierkavkasiis orive
mezobeli eklesiis meTaurebi - somxeTisa da albaneTisa. rogorc es kargad
Cans movses kalankatuacis Txzulebidan. amitomac araa gasakviri is, rom
qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs eZia patriarqis wodeba da moepovebina es udidesi
Rirseba msoflio eklesiis dasturiT. amis Semdeg qarTuli eklesiis pativi
gauTanabrdeboda msoflios sxva sapatriarqoTa pativs. amas sagangebod
aRniSnavs cnoba: `amis krebis mier brZanes esreT wmidisa eklesiisa
saqarTvelosaTvis, romel ars wmida mcxeTa, raTa iyos swor pativiTa viTarca
wmidani samociqulo kaTolike eklesiani, sapatriarqoni da iyos kaTalikosi
qarTlisa swori patriarqTa Tana~52. aqvea ganxiluli qarTuli eklesiis
samwyso. masSi eTnikuri qarTuli teritoriebis garda, Sevida albaneTis
yofil sapatriarqoSi Semavali qarTuli eTnosiT dasaxlebuli teritoriebi:
Saqi da Sirvani, maT garda, kavkasiis mTianeTi `midgmiT - warmovliT mTisa
adgilni~ - esenia dRevandeli daRestani, CeCneT-inguSeTi vidre `suaneTisa da
Cerqezis sazRvramdis~, masSi Sesula `sruliad oseTi~. oseTi im droisaTvis
mxolod Crdilo kavkasiaSi arsebobda. aRsaniSnavia, rom albaneTis eklesia,
swored VII s-is dasasruls SeierTa somxurma monofiziturma eklesiam, m.
kalankatuacis Tanaxmad; xolo albaneTis CrdiloeTiT mdebare eTnikuri
qarTvelebiT
dasaxlebuli
mxareebi,
rogorc
aRiniSna,
daubrunda
dedaeklesias. yovel SemTxvevaSi, am mxareebis mimarT qarTul eklesias Tavisi
iurisdiqciis ufleba hqonda, romelic man mogvianebiT ganaxorciela kidec.
aRsaniSnavia meore garemoebac, rom Savi zRvispira qarTuli mxareebi am
droisaTvis, e.i. VII s-is bolosaTvis, araa qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi.
marTlac, am dros es miwa-wyali dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispira nawili
vidre e.w. `skanda-Sorapnis~ xazamde konstantinopolis sapatriarqos miaCnda
Tavisi iurisdiqciaSi Semaval teritoriad, radganac aq iyvnen berZnulenovani
saepiskoposoebi fasisisa, rodopolisisa, petron-cixisZirisa da sxv. IX-X
saukuneebSi qarTveli qristianebiT dasaxlebuli es teritoria daubrunda
qarTul dedaeklesias.
VI msoflio krebas daudasturebia qarTuli eklesiis ufleba mironis
kurTxevisa: `odesca enebos Semzadeba da kurTxeva mironisa, akurTxos Tvissa
eklesiasa~53.

7. 691 wlis e.w. `trulis~ msoflio saeklesio krebis xelis momweri episkoposebi
dasavleT saqarTvelodan
konstantinopolis V (553 w.) da VI (681 w.) msoflio krebebs saeklesio
kanonebi ar gamoutaniaT. es xarvezebi 102 kanoniT Seavso konstantinopolis
691 wlis e.w. trulis krebam. am kanonis xelismomwerTa Sorisaa dasavleT
saqarTvelos ori ierarqi foTis, anu `fasos~ episkoposi Teodore da
cixisZiris, anu `petronis~ episkoposi ioane. trulis krebis aqti asea Sesuli
cnobil did qarTul sjuliskanonSi: `kanonni konstantinopolis gumbadsa
Sina sameufosa palatisasa SekrebulTa wmidaTa mamaTani iustinianes ze
keTilad msaxurisa da qristes moyuarisa mefisa Cuenisa~54. am 102 kanons xels
awers 226 episkoposi msoflios sxvadasxva kuTxidan. rigis mixedviT xels
aweren romis papi, konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiis, ierusalimis
patriarqebi (episkoposebi), rigSi 35-e aris xelismowera foTis episkoposisa
aseTi saxiT: `Teodore uRirsman episkoposman fasosaman sofelsa Sina
megrelTasa ganvsazRvren da warvweren~, xolo 220-e aris xelis mowera
cixisZireli episkoposisa aseTi saxiT: `ioane uRirsman episkoposman qalaqisa
petronisaman queyanisagan megrelTasa ganvsazRvre da warvwere~55.
rogorc vxedavT, trulis, anu `gumbadis~ msoflio krebas, romelmac
Seavso V da VI msoflio krebis kanonSemoqmedebiTi mxare, ar eswrebodnen im
droisaTvis cnobili da amierkavkasiis masStabiT udidesi saqarTvelos
(mcxeTis), somxeTisa da albaneTis eklesiis warmomadgenlebi, xolo foTisa
da cixisZiris episkoposebi krebas xels awerdnen ara rogorc saqarTvelos
eklesiis warmomadgenlebi, aramed rogorc konstantinopolis sapatriarqos
lazikis eparqiis warmomadgenlebi. ratom ar monawileobdnen saqarTvelos,
somxeTisa da sxva cnobil eklesiaTa warmomadgenlebi e.w. trulis saeklesio
krebaze? amis pasuxs iZleva arqiepiskoposi lolii iurievski: `1. msoflio
ekumenuri (da ara `kaTolike~ - sayovelTao) kreba imperatorisa da
saxelmwifos krebaa, mas ama Tu im olqis mitropoliti ki ar iwvevs, aramed
imperatori (Tundac mounaTlavi, rogoric iyo, magaliTad, konstantine didi,
romelmac saTave daudo msoflio krebebs); 2. krebas eswrebian ara TavianT
samitropolitoebSi arCeuli episkoposebi, aramed imperatoris xelisuflebis
Sexedulebisamebr daniSnulni da gamoZaxebulni, ris gamoc 3. yvela
adgilobrivi eklesiis episkoposebis daswreba ar iyo savaldebulo (me-3
msoflio krebaze ar iyo karTagenis 500-ze meti episkoposidan arc erTi)~56.
arqiepiskopos loliis ganmartebaze dayrdnobiTYSegviZlia ganvacxadoT,
rom trulis saeklesio kreba iyo kreba bizantiis imperiisa, rom-berZnuli
saxelmwifosi.
amitom
mas
eswrebodnen
mxolod
am
saxelmwifos
SemadgenlobaSi arsebuli eparqiebis episkoposebi imperatoris gamoZaxebis
Sesabamisad.
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo im droisaTvis bizantiisagan damoukideblad
arsebobda, amitomac saqarTvelos eklesiis episkoposebis gamoZaxeba ar
SeeZlo bizantiis imperators da arc amis saWiroeba daunaxavs. xolo, rac
Seexeba dasavleT saqarTvelos foTisa da cixisZiris episkoposebs, maTi
gamoZaxeba SeeZlo imperators, radganac VII s-is miwurulisaTvis, rodesac
kreba Catarda, dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispira teritoria vidre e.w.

`skanda-Sorapanis~ xazamde daWerili iyo bizantielTa mier da Sedioda

imperiis SemadgenlobaSi. es miwa-wyali VII saukunis 20-30-ian wlebSi
saqarTvelos saxelmwifos Camoacala bizantiis imperatorma heraklem, ris
Semdegac aq Tavis iurisdiqcia ganaxorciela konstantinopolis sapatriarqom.
konstantinopolis qmedeba iyo kanonikuri, radganac qalkedonis krebis
gadawyvetilebis Tanaxmad, nebismieri saxelmwifos SigniT am saxelmwifos
eklesias ufleba aqvs Tavisi iurisdiqciis gavrcelebisa. maSasadame,
dasavleT saqarTvelos qarTuli mosaxleoba VII saukunis 20-30-ian wlebSi
Seiyvanes konstanti-nopolis sapatriarqos iurisdiaqciaSi. iqamde dasavleT
saqarTvelos qristianebi IV-V saukuneebSi Sediodnen qarTuli, anu mcxeTis
eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi. aseve iyo VII saukunis calkeul monakveTebSi. VI
saukuneSi somxur wyaroTa Tanaxmad, kaTalikosi kirion I imavdroulad
megrelTa arqiepiskoposad iTvleboda. aseve vaxuStis cnobis Tanaxmad,
dasavleT saqarTvelos qristianebi mcxeTis samwysod iTvlebodnen (kerZod,
mcxeTis mTavarepiskoposs eqvemdebareboda dasavleT saqarTvelos dablobebi,
e.w. `vake~, xolo niqozis episkoposs - raWis mTianeTi). kirioni, z. aleqsiZis
varaudiT, roca igi sparselebma gadaayenes kaTalikosobidan somxur
eklesiasTan cnobili paeqrobis Semdeg, gadasula dasavleT saqarTvelos
Tavissave eparqiaSi da foTis mitropolitis kaTedra auRia Tavis xelSi. am
kaTedraze myofi daxvedria igi herakle keisars sparseTTan laSqrobis win. am
kaTedraze yofnis dros berZnuli wyaroebiT `fasisis episkoposs kiross~
heraklesaTvis miuwodebia idea monoTelitobis Sesaxeb.
herakle keisris laSqrobaTa Semdeg dasavleT saqarTveloSi teritoria
e.w. `skand-Sorapanis~ xazamde (e.i. iberiasTan sazRvramde) bizantielebs
dauWeriaT,
amitomac
`bizantiuri
saeklesio
ekTesiebiT
(nusxebi),
konstantinopolis patriarqisadmi daqvemdebarebul lazikis eparqiis fasidis
mitropolits eqvemdebarebodnen oTxi qalaqis - rodopolisis, saisinTa,
petras da ziganevis episkoposebi da avtokefaluri arqiepiskoposebi: 1.
abasgiisa - sebastopolis arqiepiskoposi. 2. jiqeTisa - qersonis, 3. bosforis
da 4. nikopolis mTvarepiskoposebi~57.
maSasadame, `trulis~ krebas dasavleT saqarTvelos xuTi saepiskoposodan
eswrebodnen ori, foTis, anu `fasidis~ mitropolitis xarisxSi myofi
episkoposi da petras, anu `petronis~ episkoposi. foTis, anu fasidis
samitropolito
zemoCamoTvlili
saepiskoposoebiT
Sedioda
`lazikis
eparqiaSi~, anu eklesiurad lazikas miekuTvneboda.
aRsaniSnavia, rom Zveli qarTveli mTargmnelebi, rogorc mTawmindelebi,
ise sxvebi, sityva `lazikas~ miiCnevdnen ucxo sityvad da `lazikis~ fard
qarTul Sesatyvisad miiCnevdnen sityvas: `sofeli megrelTa~, magaliTad,
andrias `mimosvlis~ Targmanis dros maT sityva lazika Targmnes, rogorc
`sofeli megrelTa~, da asea kidec Sesuli `qarTlis cxovrebis~ danarTSi
(andrias `mimosvlis~ aRwerisas). aRsaniSnavia, rom igive Sesatyvisi `sofeli
megrelTa~ Sesulia zemoaRniSnul episkoposTa xelis moweraSic. maSasadame
dedanSi ewera `Teodore, episkoposi fasidisa, lazikaSi~. qarTvelma
mTargmnelma ase gadmoiRo - `Teodore, episkoposi fasoisa, sofelsa Sina
megrelTasa~. aseve dedanSi ewera `ioane, episkoposi qalaq petronisa,
lazikaSi~, qarTvelma mTargmnelma gadmoiRo `ioane, episkoposi qalaqisa
petronisa, qveyanasa Sina megrelTasa~.

am
droisaTvis
dasavleT
saqarTvelos
zRvispira
`berZnuli~
saepiskoposoebi sinamdvileSi ukve warmoadgendnen adgilobrivi qarTuli
mosaxleobis saepiskoposoebs, `berZnuli~ isini iyvnen imdenad, ramdenadac maT
samwysoSi Semaval eklesiebSi wirva-locva berZnuli iyo da ierarqiulad ara
mcxeTas, aramed konstantinopols eqvemdebarebodnen. magram bizantiis imperiis
arabTa
mier
SesustebisTanave,
gansakuTrebiT
ki
mas
Semdeg,
rac
konstantinopolSi VII-VIII saukuneebSi gamwvavda xatmebrZoluri eresi,
dasavleT saqarTvelos qarTvelma qristianebma uaryves konstantinopolis
iurisdiqcia da TandaTan daubrundnen qarTul dedaeklesias. dasavleT
saqarTvelos
eklesiebSi
aRsdga
qarTulenovani
wirva-locva,
VIII-IX
saukuneebSi es procesi TiTqmis dasrulda.
trulis, anu `gumbadis~ saeklesio krebis xelis momweri episkoposebi
sinamdvileSi warmoadgendnen qarTuli samwysos, e. i. eparqiis mcxovrebTa
umravlesobis warmomadgenlebs.
cnobili istorikosis Tedo Jordanias Tanaxmad, zemoaRniSnul (trulis)
krebis (mas mexuTe msoflio krebad Tvlis T. Jordania) kanonebs xeli moawera
oTxma qarTvelma episkoposma: `mexuTe krebis kanonebi xelmowerilia qarTvel
episkoposTagan: 1. `Teodore uRirsman episkopozman fasosaman, sofelsa
megrelTasa ganvsazRvren da wavweren~, 2. georgi episkopozman kamaxisa
(kalmaxisa?) didisa somxeTisa soflebisagan... 3. foti episkoposman qalaqisa
sevastopolelTaisagan...
4.
iovane
uRirsman
episkopozman,
qalaqisa
petronisagan, queyanisagan megrelTaisa ganvsazRvre da wavwere (petroni aris
awindeli cixis Ziri)58.
sevastopolisi marTlac erqva cxums, magram es saxeli sxva mraval
zRvispira qalaqsac erqva. e.w. `didi somxeTis~ erTi nawili aRniSnul dros
bizantiis imperiaSi Sedioda da am geografiuli saxelis miuxedavad, iq
mravali qarTuli sofeli arsebobda. `kamax~ - kamaxel episkoposs amitom
miiCnevda Tedo Jordania qarTvelad.
rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, trulis krebamde aTi-TerTmeti wliT adre, 681
wels, konstantinopolSi Semdgarma VI msoflio krebam ganixila qarTuli
eklesiis sakiTxi (Tanaxmad zogierTi istoriuli cnobisa). manve gansazRvra
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
SesaZloa VI msoflio kreba marTlac Seexo qarTuli eklesiis problemebs,
radganac am krebam ganixila monoTelitobis sakiTxi, xolo monoTelitobis
erT-erTi eresiarqi iyo fasiseli mitropoliti kirosi, romelic herakle
keisarma
foTidan
gadaiyvana
ufro
mZlavr
kaTedraze
da
aamaRla
aleqsandriis patriarqis taxtze. zaza aleqsiZis varaudiT, kirosi iyo igive
kirioni, gaZevebuli VII s-is dasawyisSi mcxeTis sakaTalikoso taxtidan
monofizitebis mier. epistoleTa wignSi marTlac TiTqosda Cans kidec
kirionis monoTelituri Sexedulebani. mag. curtaveli qarTveli aznaurebi
weren somexTa patriarqs - `Cven es sarwmunoebac gvaqvs da Tqvenic~ e.i.
monofizitobasa da diofizitobas ar ganvasxvavebT, vaerTianebTo. kirosis
sakiTxs SeiZleba wamoewia qarTuli eklesiis sakiTxic.
maSasadame, unda davaskvnaT, rom 691 wlis trulis saeklesio krebas
namdvilad eswrebodnen qarTveli episkoposebi Savi zRvispira qalaqebisa,
magram,
radganac
es
regioni
imJamad
Sedioda
bizantiis
imperiis

SemadgenlobaSi, aRniSnuli episkoposebi

eklesiis iurisdiqcias miekuTvnebodnen.

kanonikurad

konstantinopolis

8. saqarTvelos episkoposi VII msoflio krebaze (787 w.)

trapezunti - SavizRvispireTis erT-erTi cnobili qalaqi, marTalia
saqarTvelos saxelmwifos sazRvrebs SigniT ar moqceula, magram, radganac
igi istoriulad lazikaSi anu qarTveli xalxiT dasaxlebul miwa-wyalze
mdebareobda, amitomac VII msoflio krebaze damswre episkoposi qristefore
trapezunteli Cven SeiZleba miviCnioT qarTveli marTlmadidebeli mrevlis
ierarqad, miT umetes, rom mas `faziseli episkoposis~ tituli hqonia.
787 wels nikeaSi Semdgari meSvide msoflio saeklesio krebis sxdomebi
erT weliwads grZeldeboda. 367 episkoposma ganixila xatTa Tayvaniscemis
sakiTxi da 22 kanoniT aRadgina igi. marTlmadidebelTa ukanaskneli da
yvelaze xangrZlivi devna xatTa Tayvaniscemis gamo Sewyda. qarTvelma
marTlmadideblebma, romelnic xatmebrZolobas mxars arasodes uWerdnen,
Tavisi neba gamoxates episkoposis xelismoweriT, romelsac hqonda tituli
`qristefore, episkoposi fasisisa anu trapizonisa~59.
m. berZniSvili gamoTqvams Tavis mosazrebas imis Sesaxeb, Tu ratom hqonda
episkopos qristefores ori kaTedris ierarqis saxeli fasisisa da
trapezonisa. m. berZniSvilis varaudiT SesaZlebelia afxazebis mier fazisis
dapyrobis Semdeg episkoposi gadavida trapizonSi da tradiciis mixedviT,
sakuTar Tavs faziselic uwoda60.
marTalia leon II-is dros (753-798) Camoyalibda `afxazTa samefo~, magram
es ar niSnavs, rom am dros dasavleT saqarTvelos `dapyroba~ moxda afxazTa
mier, am sityvis Tanamedrove mniSvnelobiT. `qarTlis cxovrebiseul~ axsnas am
samefos legitimuri Camoyalibebis Sesaxeb ratomrac yuradReba ar eqceva.
`qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad afxazTa mefeebi iyvnen qarTlis mefeTa
legitimuri memkvidreebi. leon II-m am memkvidreobiT miiRo `mefis~ wodeba.
rogorc `moqcevai qarTlisas~, ise `qarTlis cxovrebis~ sxvadasxva
mematianeebis dabejiTebuli mtkicebiT Camoyali-bebisTanave, mefe farnavazis
droidan, qarTlis samefo moicavda dasavleT
saqarTvelos mdinare
egriswyalmde. aseTive viTareba iyo mefe mirianis drosac, mefe vaxtang
gorgaslis dros qarTlis samefos sazRvari gadaiwia ufro CrdiloeTiT da
daido mdinare klisuraze. klisuras iqiT mdebare miwa-wyali, romelsac
afxazeTi erqva, Sedioda bizantiis imperiis SemadgenlobaSi, am mdinareze
gadadioda sazRvari saqarTvelosa da `saberZneTs~ Soris. mematianes cnobiT
viTareba Seicvala herakle keisris dros, Tbilisis alyisas gancdili
marcxisa da sxva mizezTa gamo man dasaja qarTlis samefo da erismTavari
stefanozi, romelmac `ara ineba gandgoma sparsTagan~, amasTanave is
`morwmuneTa emtereboda da urwmunoTa moyvrobda~61. stefanoz `bagratoani~
guram I kurapalatis STamomavali heraklem taxtidan Camoagdo, mis
sagvareulos CamoarTva mefobis ufleba da taxtze aiyvana Zvel xosroian
mefeTa STamomavali adarnase bakuris Ze, magram am adarnases herakle keisarma
qarTlis samefo srul sazRvrebSi aRar daubruna, qarTlis saxelmwifos
imperatorma CamoaWra SavizRvispireTi, cxadia, igulisxmeba klisuramde,
mematiane wers - `maSin kualad wariRes berZenTa sazRvari qarTlisa: speri da

bolo klarjeTisa, zRvis piri~62. Cveni istorikosebis TvalsazrisiT herakle

keisarma qarTlis samefos CamoarTva mxolod spersa da klarjeTis bolosTan
mdebare zRvis momijnave teritoria, magram Cveni azriT mematiane aq spersa da
klarjeTis bolos asaxelebs viTarca ukidures samxreT wertils, radganac
qarTlis samefos meore sasazRvro mijna Savi zRvis pirze klisura mas
mravaljer hqonoda dasaxelebuli [termin `zRvis piris~ qveS rom mTeli Savi
zRvis pireTi igulisxmeba da ara misi erTi monakveTi, es Cans `qarTlis
cxovrebis~ sxva adgilidan: murvan yrum `daibanaka pitiotas, zRvis pirs,
qalaqsa, romelsa hqvian cxumi... da Caiara uRmerToman murvan yru zRvis piri
da gamoixuna cixeni da qalaqni zRvis pirisani...~63, ase, rom, rodesac
mematiane wers, rom herakle keisarma qarTlis samefos CamoaWra `sazRvari
qarTlisa... zRvis piri~, gulisxmobs, rogorc vTqviT zRvispira miwa-wyals
erT sazRvar klisuridan meore sazRvar speramde]. herakle keisari ise
gamZvinvarebuli yofila, rom amiT ar dakmayofilebula, qveynidan udidesi
siwmidenic gautania - `maSin herakle mefeman warixuna manglisiT da
uruSeTiT ferxTa ficarni da samsWualni uflisa Cuenisa iesos qristesni...
Sewuxna adarnase, qarTlisa mTavari, da evedreboda keisarsa, raTa ara
warixunes niWni igi RrmrTisa mierni, ara ismina keisarman vedreba misi da
warixuna... mokuda adarnase da dadga Ze misi stefanoz~64.
maSasadame, mematianes sityviT, herakle keisarma 620-30-ian wlebSi qarTlis
samefos Camoacala zRvispira teritoria klisuridan speramde. ai, aq
ganaxorciela konstantinopolis sapatriarqom Tavisi saeklesio iurisdiqcia.
iqamde ki am zRvispira miwa-wyalze iurisdiqcias axorcielebda qarTlis
kaTalikosi da somxuri wyaros cnobiT, kaTalikosi qarTlisa kirioni,
egrisis arqiepiskoposadac iTvleboda. ramden xans darCa bizantiis
SemadgenlobaSi qarTlis samefos yofili zRvispireTi? mematiane gvamcnobs
amis Sesaxeb: es gagrZelebula daaxloebiT VII s. bolomde da VIII s.
dasawyisamde. leon I-is dromde. mematianes sityviT, mas Semdeg rac afxazeTSi
ltolvilma qarTlis mefeebma RvTis SewevniT daamarcxes murvan yrus
laSqari, bizantiis imJamindelma imperatorma kvlav scno mdinare klisura
sazRvrad saqarTvelosa da bizantias Soris, romelsac qvemoTac vexebiT.
arabTa Semosevebis dros qarTlis mefeTa taxtze mjdomma stefanozma ineba
Tavisi saxelmwifos dasavleT nawilSi egrisSi gadasvla Tavis Ze mihrTan
erTad, male maT egrisSive SeuerTda meore Ze arCili. garkveuli xnis Semdeg
maT kvals gahyva murvan yru. qarTvelma mefeeba gadalaxes sasazRvro mdinare
klisura da Tavi Seafares bizantias, kerZod afxazeTs - `Sevlo yruman
klisura, romeli mas Jamsa iyo sazRvari saberZneTisa da saqarTvelosa da
Semusra qalaqi afSileTisa cxumi~65. am droisaTvis stefanozi ukve
`damarxul iyo egrsa Sina~65. misi Zvlebi male gadaasvenes dasavleT
saqarTvelos centrSi, quTaisiSi - `saydarsa quTaissa, raTa ipovos igi
sawamebelad samkvidrosa Cvenisa~66 - ambobs arabTa omSi sasikvdilod
daWrili mefe miri; e.i. stefanozis quTaisSi dakrZalva kidev erT niSnad
miiCneva imisa, rom dasavleT saqarTvelo qarTlis samefo ojaxis samkvidroa.
is eZleva kidec mefe arCils sauxucesod (samefo domenad) mirisagan - `xolo
sauxucesod, romel mqonda momicemia Senda da gqondes sauxucesod: egrisi,
suaneTi, Takueri, argueTi da guria~67.

saerTod, mematianes sityviT, kavkasiaSi arabTa Semosevebis dawyebisTanave

bizantielebma miatoves TavianTi cixe-simagreebi, xolo saganZuri-qoneba,
romlis waRebac ver SeZles, moniSnul adgilebSi damales - `maSin yovelni
naTesavni berZenTani warCinebulni hflvides queyanaTa Sina ganZTa!~68. aseve
moiqcnen qarTvelebic, amitomac samefo ojaxma Tavisi ganZis erTi nawili
ujarmaSi, meore nawili goris tonTios cixeSi, xolo darCenili nawili egrisSi, quTaissa da cixe-gojSi Seinaxes - `Sen da mamaman Cvenman dasdeviT
igi quTaissa da cixe-gojs~69. aq Seinaxes mefeebma stefanozma da mirma mirian
mefisa da vaxtang gorgasalis samefo gvrigvinebi da ganZi. amave dros,
dasavleT saqarTveloSi bizantielebma miatoves TavianTi cixe-simagreebi da
mouwodes adgilobriv xelisuflebs gamagrebuliyvnen am cixe-simagreebSi
garkveuli drois manZilze arabTa dauZlurebamde - `daadgeriT simagreTa
Sina
TquenTa,
vidremdes
warxdes
weliwadni
samasni...
gansrulebasa
mesamasisasa wlisasa moeces Zali mefobasa Cuensa da SevmusrneT agarianni~70.
qarTvelma mefeebma daiWires TavianTi qveynis es umTavresi simagreebi, cixegoji, quTaisi da sxva, unda vigulisxmoT, rom es moxda VII s. bolos, xolo
rogorc iTqva, VIII s. pirvel naxevarSi, bizantiis imperatorma werilobiT
ubrZana Tavis moxele-erisTavs afxazeTSi leon I-s daecva klisura, viTarca
sazRvari saqarTvelos da bizantias Soris egrisSi. aq, egrisis udides
mijnaze, bizantielebi xSirad arRvevdnen sazRvars, am faqts aRiarebs
imperatori - `yovladve sazRvarTa qarTlisaTa Cvengan qmnil ars vneba~71 da
ubrZanebs Tavis moxeles leon I-s,: radganac afxazeTSi ltolvilma qarTlis
mefeebma mirma da arCilma arabebTan omSi Cven, bizantielebs dagviWires mxari,
amitomac `amieriTgan nuRarmca xelgewifebis vnebad maTda da sazRvarTa
maTTa egrisaTa~72. amiT, mematianes sityviT, bizantiam mtkiced cno klisura
viTarca qarTlis samefos saxelmwifo sazRvari egrisSi. Savi-zRvispireTi
klisuridan speramde kvlav qarTlis samefos nawilad ganixileboda.
Sesabamisi unda yofiliyo saeklesio iurisduqciac - mTeli es miwa-wyali
qarTlis sakaTalikosos iurisdiqcias unda dabruneboda, oRondac saeklesio
kanonebis dacviT unda warmarTuliyo mTeli es procedura - amiT unda
yofiliyo gamowveuli am drois iberiidan antioqiaSi saeklesio delegaciis
Casvla, romelmac miaRwia dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiur gaTavisuflebas
bizantiis eklesiebisagan VIII s. 50-ian wlebSi, antioqiis patriarq
Teofilaqtes dros, romlis Sesaxebac cnobas gvawvdian efrem mcire, nikon
SavTeli da sxvebi, rac ganxiluli gvaqvs gamokvlevaSi - `antioqiis
saeklesio kreba VIII s. 50-ian wlebSi~. am droidan faziselma berZenma
ierarqma albaT datova kidec Tavisi fasisis kaTedra da SesaZloa
trapezuntSic gadavida.
imis Sesaxeb Tu rogor miiRes afxazeTis erisTavebma qarTlis mefeTagan
qveynis legitimuri mmarTvelobis kanonikuri ufleba, rogorc aRvniSneT,
mematiane gadmogvcems Semdegs - qarTlis samefo centrebSi arabebis
gabatonebis Semdeg aRmoCnda, rom mir mefes, romelic sasikvdilod daiWra
arabebTan brZolisas, ar hyavda taxtis memkvidre vaJiSvili, amitomac man
saufliswulo uflebebi Tavisi qaliSivilebis gziT gadasca Tavis siZeebs.
mefis siZeebma miiRes samemkvidreo qveynebi (`xevebi~) aRmosavleT da samxreT
saqarTveloSi. dasavleT saqarTvelo, viTarca samefo ojaxis sakuTrebebSi
myofi mamuli, mir mefem gadasca arCils. magram male arCilma datova

dasavleT saqarTvelo da gadavida kaxeTSi (arabebma maleve awames kidec).

iqamde arabTagan Seviwrovebulma bizantielebma, romlebic iZulebulni iyvnen
kavkasia daetovebinaT, TviTon moxeles leon I-s afxazeTi gadasces
samemkvidreo uflebiT: `Senda mibrZanebies erisTaoba afxazeTisa da SvilTa
SenTa da momavalTa SenTa miukunisamde~73 - wers imperatori leon I-s. leoni damoukidebel mmarTvelad iqca qveynisa, romelic ganvrcobili iyos
sazRvrebSi - `klisuriTgan vidre mdinaremde didad xazareTad, sada
daswudebis wueri kavkasiisa~74. - es qveyana md. klisuridan md. yubanamde iyo
afxazeTi. mier mefis anderZis aRsrulebis dros arCil mefis mier
siZeebisaTvis legitimiuri uflebebis gadacemisas, masTan mivida afxazeTis
damoukidebeli mmarTveli leon I,
iTxova mir mefis qaliSvilis xeli da
ganacxada, rom amis sanacvlod qarTlis samefos SemadgenlobaSi Seiyvanda
Tavis samemkvidreo qveyanas _ afxazeTs _ man ganucxada mir mefes - `momca me
keisarman qveyana ese mkvidrobiT... SemrTe meca monaTa SenTa Tana, romelni ese
dRes Rirs yven Svilad da Zmad Senda. ara minda nawili Sengan, aramed Cemica
ese Senadve iyos~75.
maSasadame, imisaTvis raTa gamxdariyo erT-erTi siZe mir mefisa, siZeebs
qveynis mmarTvelobis legitimuri kanonieri uflebebi gadaecaT. siZeebi mefis
`Svilebad da Zmebad~ iqcnen, leon I-ma Tavisi `samkvidrebeli~ qveyana
afxazeTi gadasca qarTlis mefes (`Cemic ese Senadve iyos~), axla ukve
qarTlis samefos sazRvari mdinare klisuridan kidev ufro CdriloeTiT
gadaiwia `did xazareTis~ mdinaremde. sanacvlod leon I-ma arCil mefisagan
miiRo nebarTva SeerTo asuli mefe mirisa - `maSin misca leons colad
Zmiswuli misi guaranduxt da gvirgvini igi, romeli berZenTa mefesa warmoeca
mirisaTvis da yves aRTqma da fici saSineli, viTarmed ara iyos mteroba
Soris maTsa, aramed erCdes leon arCils, yovelTa dReTa misTa~76. leon I-ma
miiRo mir mefis samefo gvirgvini, SeirTo mefis asuli da arCil mefisagan
Cans gadaeca miris `sauxuceso~ teritoria, `egrisi, suaneTi, Takueri, argueTi
da guria~, mas Semdeg rac arCili gadavida kaxeTSi.
sabolood unda davaskvnaT, rom qarTuli wyaroebis Tanaxmad afxazTa
mefeebis iyvnen legitimuri memkvidreebi qarTlis mefeebisa, kerZod leon I,
romelmac SeirTo qarTlis mefe miris taxtis memkvidre qaliSvili
guranduxti: 1. iqca qarTlis mefis `Svilad da Zmad~; 2. legitimuri
memkvidreoba ganumtkicda imiT, rom miiRo mir mefis samefo gvrigvini; 3.
arCil mefisagan miiRo mir mefis `sauxucesoi~ miwa-wyali `egrisi, svaneTi,
Takveri, argveTi da guria~, nawili qarTlis samefosi. amiT dasavleT
saqarTvelo kanonikuri legitimuri samefo uflebiT miiRo leon I-ma
da
misgan leon II-m (cxadia am dros ar momxdara `afxazTa mier dasavleT
saqarTvelos dapyroba~). amitomac afxazTa samefoSi, viTarca qarTul
saxelmwifoebriv erTeulSi saxelmwifo enas qarTuli ena warmoadgenda,
qarTuli ena aseve aq iyo saeklesio ena. herakle keisaris Semdgom bizantiis
mier aneqsirebul Savi zRvispireTis eklesiebSi wirva-locvis ena berZnuli
iyo (sxvagvarad SeuZlebelia) amitomac aq qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis
aRdgenis anu afxazTa samefos Camoyalibebis Semdgom, TandaTanobiT, TiTqmis
X s. Sua wlebamde mTeli afxazeTis samefoSi berZnuli saeklesio
iurisdiqcia
qarTuliT
Seicvala,
Sesabamisad
berZnulenovani
RvTismsaxurebac qarTulenovnebiT.

Cveni zogierTi istorikosis TvalsazrisiT, VIII-X saukuneebSi moxda

dasavleT saqarTvelos mosaxleobis `qarTizacia~ da amitomac aq sabolood
gaimarjva qarTulma enam. aseTi mosazreba miuRebelia: am dros arabTa mier
dasustebuli iyo aRmosavleTi saqarTvelo, sadac arabebma mkvidrad moikides
fexi da 400 weli marTavdnen Tbilisis saamirosa da garkveulwilad Sida
qarTls, xolo qvemo qarTlSi somxuri taSir-ZorakeTis samefo Camoyalibda
dampyroblis xelSewyobiT. am dros SeuZlebeli iyo danawevrebuli,
saxelmwifoebrioba moSlil aRmosavleT saqarTvelos Tavisi kultura da ena
gaevrcelebina sxvagan. sinamdvileSi dasavleTi saqarTvelo Tavdapirveladve
warmoagdenda qarTuli kulturis, qarTuli eklesiisa da qarTulenovani
wirva locvis erT-erT umTavres keras. amitomac aq xelsayreli momentis
dadgomis Tanave aRsdga qarTulenovneba, qarTuli wirva-locva VIII-X
saukuneebSi. qarTuli ena mosaxleobis deda ena, kulturisa da
urTierTobis ena iyo, amitomac TiTqosda ucxo `afxazTa samefoSi~ es ena
saxelmwifo da saeklesio enad gadaiqca. iqamdec qristianobis gavrcelebis
dros I-III saukuneebSi fuZe qarTuli enis daSlis Sedegad miRebuli
dialeqtebi aq Zalze axlo idgnen erTmaneTTan, amitomac fuZe qarTuli ena,
romelic warmarTobis droidan sakulto ena iyo, aq saeklesio enas IV
saukunidanve warmoadgenda. platon ioselianis kvlevis Tanaxmad dasavleT
saqarTveloSi qarTlis mefe aderkis mefobis dros iqadages mociqulebma
andria pirvelwodebulma da simon kananelma da mataTam, maT Semdeg aq II-III ss
qristianobis gavrcelebisaTvis uzrunia bosforSi gadmosaxlebul wmida
klimenti romaels, mis Semdeg pontos episkopos palmoss, romelsac Savi
zRvispeTSi 70 eklesia augia. palmosis vaJi, aseve episkoposi markioni
kolxidelad ixseneba laTinur wyaroebSi, Tumca ki es markioni mwvalebeli
yofila, risTvisac mamisagan SeCveneba miuRia. monaniebis mizniT kolxideli
episkoposo markioni misula romis pap anikitesTan, raTa mas moexsna mamis
wyevla77. agaTangelozis cnobiT wm. grigolma lazTa qveyanaSi wmida ninos
qadagebamde gagzavna episkoposad sofroni - `lazTa qveyanaSi gaagzavna
sofroni, romelic mRvdlad iyo kapadokiaSi~ (agaTangelosis arabuli
variantis Tanaxmad wmida grigols qarTvelTa (grgn) qveyanaSi gaugzavnia
qarTveli (grgny) episkoposi irenarxe (byrbzhm). n. maris wakiTxviT ibirbzxua.
arabul variantSi mefeebis CamoTvlis dros sityva lazi gadmocemulia ase Irws*. Cans, aq istoriuli Zveli lazika, trapezuntis qveyana ar igulisxmeba,
romelsac Zveli qarTuli wyaroebis cnobiT `sofeli megrelTa~ ewodeboda,
aramed, rogorc Cans, dasavleTi saqarTvelo, radganac arabul variantSi es
sityva (lazi) ukve aRar gvxvdeba da mis adgilas Cawerilia sityva `afxazi~
(bhz). es miuTiTebs, rom arabuli varianti VIII s. Semdeg afxazTa samefos
Camoyalibebis Semdegaa warmoqmnili).
rogorc wyaroebi miuTiTebs, dasavleT saqarTveloSi wmida ninos dros
qristianoba saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad iqca, wyaroTa cnobiT, egrisi mirian
mefis samefos nawils warmoadgenda. prokofi kesarielis cnobiT, trapezuntis
axlos saqarTvelos mimarTulebiT mcxovrebi qristianebi eklesiurad `lazTa
episkoposebis~ iurisdiqciaSi iyvnen `iqauri mcxovrebni arc romaelTa da arc
lazTa mefis qveSevrdomebi ar arian, garda imisa, rom, radgan isini
qristianebi arian lazTa episkoposebi uweseben maT mRvdelmsaxurebs~78. Tavis
mxriv, romeli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi imyofebodnen `lazTa episkoposebi?

iqneb romaeli cixesimagreebis petras an fasisis episkoposebisa? VI s-Si am

berZnul (bizantiur) cixe-qalaqebSi episkoposebi rom yofiliyvnen amis
Sesaxeb uTuod mogvawvdida cnobas prokofi kesarieli, romelmac sagangebo
naSromi miuZRvna petrasTan omebis aRweras. prokofi kesarielis monacemebidan
Cans, rom lazebis mRvdelmTavari `kaTalikosia~ - `qristianTa mRvdelmTavarsac kaTalikoss uwodeben, elinTa eniT, radgan es erTi ganagebs yvela
iqaur soflebs~79. ai vis iurisdiqciaSi arian `lazebis episkoposebi~, maTi
pirvelierarqi kaTalikosia, rogorc Cvens mier aris gamokvleuli, es iyo
mcxeTeli kaTalikosi.
maSasadame,
sabolood
unda
davaskvnaT:
dasavleT
saqarTvelos
qristianebi, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos qristianebTan erTad qmnidnen erT
eklesias. am eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvari emTxveoda `qarTlis samefos~
saxelmwifoebriv sazRvars, jer mcxeTeli mTavarepiskoposi da Semdeg
kaTalikosi qarTlis samefos yvela qristianis pirvelierarqi iyo (amitomacaa
prokofis
cnobiT
dasavlel
qarTvel
`qristianTa
mRvdelmTavari
kaTalikosi~), dasavleT saqarTveloSi mcxeTeli kaTalikosis iurisdiqciaSi
Sediodnen
`lazTa
episkoposebi~,
radganac
mcxeTeli
kaTalikosis
iurisdiqciaSi aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi ramdenime aTeuli episkoposi
imyofeboda, unda vifiqroT, rom lazTa episkoposebis ricxvi mcire ar unda
yofiliyo), amitom VI s bolosaTvis (da VII s. dasawyisSi) kirioni iwodeboda
`egrisis arqiepiskoposad~. cxadia, rogor dasavleT, ise aRmosavleT
saqarTveloSi aseTi viTarebis dros saeklesio ena qarTuli iyo. viTareba
icvleba VII s. 20-30-iani wlebidan herakles laSqrobis Semdeg, magram imis
Semdeg rac dasavleT saqarTveloSi aRsdga qarTuli saxelmwifoebrioba,
afxazTa samefos Camoyalibebis Semdeg, TandaTanobiT saqarTvelos Savi
zRvispireTis saepiskoposebi daubrundnen deda qarTuli eklesiis wiaRs. ase,
rom VII msoflio krebaSi monawile episkoposi qristefore marTlac SesaZloa
fasisidan trapizuntSi iyo gadasuli da berZnuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi
imyofeboda.
unda
vifiqroT,
rom
prokofis
mier
naxsenebma
lazTa
episkoposebma daudes safuZveli Semdegdroindel Wyondidisa Tu quTaisis
saepiskoposoebs, xolo fasiseli episkoposi trapezuntSi gadavida da
Sesabamisi titulic miiRo. Y
9. qarTveli episkoposebi ferara-florenciis krebaze (1438)
meTerTmete saukuneSi, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos Camoyali-bebisTanave,
saqarTvelos patriarqs msoflio diptixSi eWira meeqvse adgili xuTi
patriarqis Semdeg.
marTalia, qarTul eklesiaSi miRebul diptixSi qarTvel patriarqs eWira
meeqvse adgili, magram scnobdnen Tu ara amas msoflios sxva sapatriarqoebi,
aRiarebdnen Tu ara isini qarTveli mamamTavris saydars meeqvse adgilze? Cven
dabejiTebiT unda vTqvaT, rom rogorc romis papebi, ise aRmosavleTis oTxi
patriarqi scnobdnen iberiis eklesias meeqvse adgilze ierusalimis
sapatriarqos Semdeg. amas miuTiTebs ferara-florenciis saeklesio krebis
diptixi.
am
krebaze
qarTul
eklesias
eWira
VI
adgili
romis,
konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiisa da ierusalimis saydrebis
Semdeg. es rom SemTxveviT ar iyo da eklesiaTa adgilebis ganawilebas am

krebaze sagangebo yuradReba eqceoda, iqidanac Cans, rom cnobili rusi

kanonistebis cnobiT, florenciis krebam 1438 wels uniis Sesaxeb dekretSi
daadgina: `konstantinopolis patriarqi iqneba meore romis papis Semdeg,
aleqsandrieli
mesame.
Semdeg
meoTxe
antioqieli
da
mexuTe

80
ierusalimeli...~ .
marTalia, am krebas ar gamoucia dokumenti, Tu rogor unda
ganawilebuliyo Semdegi adgilebi, radganac kreba exeboda ara diptixis,
aramed sarwmunoebis sakiTxs, magram, saerTod, eklesiaTa (kaTedraTa)
adgilebis ganawilebas Zalze didi yuradReba rom eqceoda, zemoT moyvanili
dadgenilebiTac Cans.
qarTuli, anu iberiis eklesiis warmomadgenels am warmomadgenlobiT
krebaze eWira VI adgili. 1438 wlis 5 Tebervals feraraSi gaxsnil da
florenciaSi gagrZelebul `msoflio~ saeklesio krebas, sadac erTmaneTs
Sexvdnen aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis warmomadgenlebi da romlis aqtebsac
aRmosavleTis sapatriarqoebma xeli moaweres, `Tanabari uflebiT eswreboda
iberiis mitropoliti~81.
`iberiis mitropoliti ijda marTlmadidebelTa mxares mexuTe adgilze
konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiis da ierusalimis warmomadgenlebis
Semdeg. `pirveli kardinalis pirdapir idga patriarqis savarZeli. patriarqis
Semdeg oTx skamze ganlagebulni iyvnen... ierusalimis patriarqis msoflio
warmomadgeneli menziis arqiepiskoposi da iberiis mefis warmomadgeneli
iberiis mitropoliti~82.
krebis monawileni isxdnen Semdegi rigis mixedviT: centridan Tanabar
manZilze idga ori taxti romis imperatorisa da berZenTa imperatorisa.
sasuliero pirebi ganlagebulni iyvnen Semdegi rigis mixedviT: erT mxares
isxdnen laTinTa warmomadgenlebi, meore mxares isxdnen marTlmadidebelTa
warmomadgenlebi. CvenTvis saintereso marTlmadidebelTa rigi iyo Semdegi
saxisa: marTlmadidebelTa rigSi pirvelad idga 1. konstantinopolis
patriarqis savarZeli (patriarqi am sxdomas ar eswreboda); 2. aleqsandriis
patriarqis warmomadgeneli arqiepiskoposi; 3. antioqiis patriarqis
warmomadgeneli arqiepiskoposi; 4. ierusalimis patriarqis warmomadgeneli
arqiepiskoposi; 5. iberiis patriarqis (dokumentSia `mefis~) warmomadgeneli
mitropoliti. amis Semdeg diptixis mixedviT isxdnen sxva marTlmadidebeli
episkoposebi.
`nawyveti florenciis saeklesio krebis oqmidan ... sasuliero pirebis
ganlagebis Sesaxeb ... pirveli kardinalis pirdapir idga patriarqis
savarZeli (patriarqi SeuZlod yofnis gamo im dRes krebas ver eswreboda) ...
patriarqis Semdeg oTx skamze ganlagebuli iyvnen herakliis arqiepiskoposi,
romelsac aleqsandriis patriarqis kanonieri mandati hqonda da misi adgili
ekava; antioqiis
patriarqis mier gamogzavnili efesos arqiepiskoposi;
ierusalimis patriarqis warmogzavnili menziis arqiepiskoposi da iberiis
mefis warmomadgeneli iberiis mitropoliti; amaT Semdeg isxdnen
trapezuntis, rizes, nikeis ... arqiepiskoposebi ... mitropolitebi ... berebi,
TavianTi wesis mixedviT~83.
florenciis krebaze ara marto eklesiaTa warmomadgeneli sasuliero
pirebi isxdnen `wesis~, anu diptixis mixedviT, aramed saero pirebic aseve
`wesis~ mixedviT isxdnen.

ferara-florenciis saeklesio krebidan Cans, rom qarTuli eklesiis

meeqvse adgili msoflio eklesiaTa rigSi, xolo qarTuli eklesiis mexuTe
adgili marTlmadi-debelTa rigSi aRiarebuli da cnobili iyo rogorc romis
papis, aseve msoflio (konstantinopolis) patriarqis da sxva aRmosavleTis
patriarqebis mier, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi iseT, Tavisi droisaTvis Zalze
mniSvnelovan krebaze, romelic viTomda
eklesiis gaerTianebas isaxavda
miznad,
romisa
da
aRmosavleTis
qristianebi
erTmaneTs
ar
daupirispirdebodnen iberiis eklesiis adgilis ZiebisaTvis. iberiis eklesiis
adgili diptixSi ZvelTaganve cnobili iyo, amitom man am `msoflio~ krebaze
yovelgvari davis gareSe Tavisi adgili daiWira.
XV saukunis I naxevris diptixi, daculi ferara-florenciis krebaze,
aseTia: 1. romis papi; 2. msoflio (konstantinopolis) patriarqi; 3.
aleqsandriis; 4. antioqiis; 5. ierusalimis; 6. iberiis; 7. trapezuntis; 8. rizes;
9. nikeis; 10. lakedemoniis; 11. nikomediis; 12. trivoniis; 13. amasiis; 14.
mitilenis; 15. tolozinis; 16. stavropolis; 17. tunisis; 18. garinis; 19.
melentinis; 20. aqilis; 21. muldulis patriarqebi da arqiepiskoposebi84.
marTalia, am krebaze aRniSnuli rigiT isxdnen eklesiis ierarqebi, magram
maTgan
avtokefalur
eklesiad
miiCeoda
mxolod
xuTi
eklesia:
konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiis, ierusalimisa da iberiisa, amitom
am
avtokefalur
eklesiaTa
warmomadgenlebs
am
krebaze
eWiraT
gansakuTrebuli, sxvebisagan gansxvavebuli skamebi krebis monawileTa pirvel
rigSi; xolo iberiis mefis elCi, romelsac agreTve trapezuntis imperatoris
mandati hqonda, papis Tanmxlebi piris pirdapir ijda85.
aseTi saxis iyo `msoflio~ eklesiis diptixi. rogorc cnobilia,
sazogadod iqamde da SemsgomSic marTlmadidebluri diptixidan amoiRes
romis papis moxsenieba, magram amas araviTari gavlena ar mouxdenia qarTuli
eklesiisaTvis kanonikurad miCneul me-6 adgilze. kerZod, marTalia,
marTlmadidebluri diptixidan gavida romis papis moxsenieba, ramac vakanturi
adgili warmoSva adgilobrivi eklesiebis meTaurTa eqvseulSi, magram male
vakanturi adgili daiWira ruseTis eklesiam msoflio sapatriarqosa da sxva
sapatriarqoTa gadawyvetilebiT.
ferara-florenciis krebis Semdeg `konstantinopolis patriarqma genadi
sxolarim (1453-1460) sxva aRmosavlel patriarqebTan erTad scno rusuli
eklesiis damoukidebeli arseboba da gansazRvra CaTvliliyo avtokefaluri
rusuli mitropolia Tavisi RirsebiT ierusalimis sapatriarqos Semdeg, ese
igi mexuTe adgilobriv marTlmadideblur eklesiaTa diptixSi~86.
aqamde qarTul eklesias diptixSi adgili ierusalimis patriarqis Semdeg
eWira, amis Semdeg ki man VI adgili daiWira (ruseTis eklesiis Semdeg).
1589 wels, ruseTis sapatriarqos daarsebis Semdeg, misma patriarqma
diptixSi maRali adgili daikava. `roca didma krebam 1593 wels gansazRvra
moskovis sapatriarqos mdgomareoba, mas mieca ufro maRali adgili, vidre
maSin arsebul arqiepiskoposebs avtokefaluri da TviTmmarTveli eklesiebisa
arxidiisas, kviprosisas, iveriisas da pekiisas, magram ara aleqsandriis
patriarqis Semdeg, rogorc surda ruseTis mefes, aramed mxolod
ierusalimis patriarqis Semdeg, imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom krebis mamebma
Sesabamis mimarTvaSi ganacxades wmida mamaTa kanonebis Seucvleloba~87.

ioane bagrations Tavis TxzulebaSi `kalmasoba~ daculi aqvs cnobebi

ferara-florenciis krebaze damswre qarTvel episkoposTa Sesaxeb. misi
cnobiT, saqarTvelodan krebaze damswre axtalel episkopos danielsa da
Tavad nikoloz CerqeziSvils xeli ar mouweriaT krebis dadgenilebaze,
`xolo imereTis episkoposman iakob Semoqmedelman moawera xeli~88. saerTod,
ioane batoniSvilis azriT, saberZneTidan da ruseTidan Casul samRvdeloebas
xeli mouweria krebis aqtebisaTvis: `moaweres xeli berZenTa da rusTa, garna
antioxiisa patriarxman ara moawera xeli, arca qarTvelma episkoposman
axtalisaman danielman...~83. Tumca ki krebis damTavrebis Semdeg ukan
dabrunebul berZnebs (imperatorsa da patriarqs da sxvebs) uaruyviaT am
krebis
dadgenilebani.
axtalis
saepiskoposo
kaTedra
erT-erTi
umniSvnelovanesi iyo qarTlis sakaTalikosoSi, mdebareobda qvemo qarTlSi
(amJamad somxeTis sazRvrebSia), xolo `imerTa episkoposi iakobi~, albaT,
Semoqmedeli episkoposi afxazeTis (`qvemo iveriis~) sakaTalikosodan iyo
gagzavnili ferar-florenciis krebaze. iberiis mefes Tavis saxelmwifoSi
Semavali orive saeklesio erTeulis warmomadgenlebi miuvlenia krebaze.
ferara-florenciis saeklesio kreba cxadia, ar iyo `msoflio saeklesio
kreba~, magram am krebas gaaCnda saerTaSoriso mniSvneloba, imiT, rom mas
eswrebodnen
TviT
msoflio
(konstantinopolis)
patriarqi,
bizantiis
saimperatoro karis upirvelesi pirebi, yvela marTlmadidebeli sapatriarqos
warmomadgeneli mRvdelmTavrebi, msoflios sxva marTlmadidebeli, maT
Soris, rusuli eklesiis delegatebi. saqarTvelos eklesia am krebaze
daayenes sapatriarqo eklesiaTa rigSi. marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa rigSi
(diptixSi) misi warmomadgeneli daayenes mexuTe adgilze, mxolod am mxriv
aris es, anu ferara-florenciis kreba CvenTvis saintereso da araviTar
SemTxvevaSi mas `msoflio kreba~ ar ewodeba.
aRsaniSnavia, rom sxva wyaroTa miTiTebiT, krebaze wargzavnili iyvnen
episkoposebi saqarTvelos sxva kaTedrebidan89. kerZod, vaxuStis cnobiT, am
krebaze damswre qarTveli episkoposis saxeli sofroni yofila, xolo TviT
kreba saqarTvelos mefe aleqsandre didis dros Catarebula90

daskvna
naSromSi Seswavlilia msoflio saeklesio da saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis
krebebi qarTvel episkoposTa monawileobiT. Seicavs 9 paragrafs. pirvelSi
ganxilulia 325 wels nikeaSi Semdgari I msoflio saeklesio kreba, romelSic
ori qarTveli episkoposi monawileobda biWvinTeli stratofile da
trapizunteli domnusi. meore msoflio saeklesio krebis (381 w.) kanonebs
episkoposma pantofile iberielma moawera xeli, mesame msoflio saelesio
krebis (431 w.) suliskveTebis Seqmna-SemuSavebaSi monawileobda qarTveli e.w.
qarTlis `sparsuli nawilis~ episkoposi ieremia. meoTxe msoflio saeklesio
krebas eswrebodnen sebastopolis episkoposi da trapezunteli episkoposi
atarve. calke paragrafi eZRvneba cnobis ganxilvas V msoflio (553 w.) krebis
muSaobaSi monawileobdnen Tu ara petras episkoposi ioane da agreTve
faziseli
da
sebastopoleli
episkoposebi.
paragrafi
gamowvlilviT
aanalizebs
wyaroTa
cnobebs,
sadac
gamokvleulia,
rom
dasavleT

saqarTvelos `lazTa episkoposebi~ Sediodnen prokofi kesarielis mier

moxseniebul im `kaTalikosis~ iurisdiqciaSi, romelsac saerTod aqauri
qristianebi eqvemdebarebodnen. es kaTalikosi ki mcxeTeli pirvelierarqia.
maSasadame, aRniSnul dros dasavleTi saqarTvelos e.w. `sofluri~ adgilebi
qarTlis kaTalikosis iurisdiqciaSi Sediodnen, mxolod zRvispira ramdenime
berZnul-romauli cixe-simagre (qalaqi) ar Sedioda mis iurisdiqciaSi.
mxolod 620-30-iani wlebidan, mas Semdeg, rac sparseTSi molaSqre herakle
keisarma qarTlis samefos Camoacila zRvispira teritoriebi (klarjeTis
bolodan vidre mdinare klisuramde), konstantinopolis sapatriarqom
sabolood ganaxorciela Tavisi iurisdiqcia dasavleT saqarTvelos am
zRvispira miwa-wyalze. qarTuli wyaroebis mixedviT VI msoflio saklesio
krebam (681 w.) aRiara saqarTvelos eklesiis mravali, maT Soris sapatriarqo
eklesiad wodebis ufleba, rom `iyos kaTalikosi qarTlisa swori patriarqTa
Tana~, rom `wmida eklesia saqarTveloisa, romelic aris wmida mcxeTa, iyos
swor pativiTa viTarca wmidani samociqulo kaTolike eklesiani~. aseve
ganusazRvravs qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi. am sakiTxis rkvevas
eZRvneba calke paragrafi. miCneulia, rom, radganac, imJamad somxeTsa da
albaneTis kaTalikosebsac gaaCndaT patriarqis wodeba, aseTi wodeba
qarTuli eklesiis meTaursac unda hqonoda. `did sjuliskanonSi~ Semaval e.w.
`gumbadis~ anu trulis saeklesio krebas (691 w.) xels aweren foTis (fasisis)
episkoposi Teodore da petronis (cixisZiris) episkoposi ioane. am sakiTxs
Seiswavlis calke paragrafi. calke paragrafiT SeviswavleT qarTveli
episkoposebis monawileoba VII msoflio wmida saeklesio krebaze (787), mis
dadgenilebas xeli moawera fazisel-trapizuntelma episkoposma qristeforem.
calke paragrafi ixilavs qarTveli episkoposebis monawileobas feraraflorenciis krebaze (1438 w.). am krebas, romelic iyo ara `msoflio kreba~,
aramed kreba, romelSic monawileobdnen konstantinopolis, antioqiis,
ierusalimis
sapatriarqoebi
da
sxva
marTlmadidebeli
adgilobrivi
eklesiebi, maT Soris ruseTisa. am krebis gadawyvetilebebs qarTuli eklesiis
ificialurma delegaciam krebazeve ar moawera xeli. qarTuli wyaros cnobiT
am krebaSi monawileobdnen qarTlis sakaTalikosodan axtaleli episkoposi
danieli, xolo afxazeTis sakaTalikosodan Semoqmedeli episkoposi iakobi.
gamokvlevidan naTlad Cans, rom I msoflio krebidanve saqarTvelos
eklesias umWidroesi kavSiri hqonda msoflio eklesiasTan da Tavisi
warmomadgeneli episkoposebis saSualebiT monawileobda msoflio saeklesio
samarTlis Seqmna-SemuSavebaSi.

. 9 .
I , 325 ,
.
(381 .) .

 (431 .) .. . IV
.
V
(553 .) . ,
,
,
. .. , () ,
.
620-630 ..
( )
, ,
. , VI (681 .)
, ,
, , .
.
. , ..
, . ..
(691 .) ()
(). . VII
(787) () .
- (1438 .). ,
, , ,
,
. ,
,
.
, I-

.
Metropolitan Anania Japaridze
GEORGIAN BISHOPS ON ECUMENICAL COUNCILS
Basic Conclusion
The work considers the Ecumenical Councils and the other ones having an international
importance, in which Bishops from Georgia were participated. The work consists of 9 chapters.
The first chapter describes the I Ecumenical Council held in Nikea in 325 a.d., in which two
Georgian bishops Stratophyl from Pitsunda and Domnus from Trapezund were participated. The
canons of II Ecumenical Council (381 a.d.) were signed by the Iberian bishop Pantophiler. In formation
of a sprint of III Ecumenical Council (431 a.d.) the bishop Ieremia of a so called Persian part of
Kartli took part. Bishop of Sebastopol and Bishop of Atarve were the participants of IV Ecumenical
Council.
A separate chapter of the Work is devoted to consideration of an issue related to participation of
the bishop Ioane from petra in the V Ecumenical Council and the bishops from Phazisi and Sebastopol.
The Chapter provides a detal analysis of historical chronicles and sources, from which it becomes clear
that the lazi Bishops from Western Georgia were subordinated to the jurisdiction of the Catholikos

from Mtskheta, mentioned by Prokophi from Kessaria. In tat times the so called settlements of
Western Georgia, excluding some forts (towns) of Rome-Greece origin located at the seashore of the
Black Sea were also under the jurisdiction of the Catholicos of Kartli. Beginning from 620-30 a.d. as a
result of military campaign of Byzantian Emperor Heraclus to Persia, when the emperor has
subordinated to his jurisdiction a part of the territory of Kartli (from Klarjeti to the river of Kelasuri),
the Patriarchy of Konstantinopolis has finally covered under its jurisdiction these lands of Wstern
Georgia.
According to Georgian sources, VI Economical (681 a.d.) confirmed many rights of Georgian
Church, including the right to name itself as the Church of the patriarch and the right of Catholicos of
Kartli to be equal with Patriarch and acknowledge the holly spirit of Georgian Church of Mtskheta
equally with the catholic Churches. VI Ecumenical Council has also determined the boundaries of
jurisdiction of Georgian Church. A separated chapter is devoted to the study of this matter. It has been
proved that while the Catholicoses of Armenia and Albania had a title of Patriarch, the same title,
obviously, was granted to Georgian Patriarch, as well. The Georgian Nomokanon says the Church
Canons of so called Trule Council (691 a.d.) were signed by the bishop Teodor from Poti (Phazisi)
and Bishop Ioane from Tsikhisdziari.
This matter is provided in a separate of the Work.
A separate chapter is devoted also to VII Ecumenical Council (787 a.d.) the resolution of which
was signed by bishop Christopore of Phazisi and Trapezund.
A separate chapter describes a participation of Georgian Bishops in Ferrera-Phlorenzia Council
(1481 a.d.). The latter was not called a Ecumenical Council. It was a one in which the bishops from
Konstantinopolis, Antiokia, Jerusalem and other orthodox churches, including the Russian Church,
were taking part. Resolution of this Council was not signed by Georgian delegation at all. According to
Georgian Chronicles, the Council was attended by the Bishop Daniel from Akhtala, who represented
Kartli and the Bishop Iaacob from Shemokmedi, Abkhazeti.
The researches and studies performed within the frames of the present Work illustrates clearly that
beginning from I Ecumenical Council the Georgian Church had established close contacts with the
international ecclesiastical society through its representatives, participating in elaboration and
formation of the international Church Canons.
Sinaarsi
saqarTvelos eklesiis mimdinare krebebi
Sesavali
5
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis periodizacia
da saeklesio istoriografia
7
saeklesio samarTlis werilobiTi wyaroebi
32
1. episkoposTa Sekrebani wmida mefeTa mirianisa
da vaxtang gorgaslis dros (IV-V ss)
2. dvinis saeklesio kreba (506)
40
3. mcxeTis krebebi (VII s.)
52
4. antioqiis I saeklesio kreba (VIII s. 50-iani wlebi)
5. anCis saeklesio kreba (IX s. 40-iani wlebi)
6. javaxeTis saeklesio kreba (IX s. 60-iani wlebi) 86
7. Rrtilas saeklesio kreba (1046)
8. antioqiis II saeklesio kreba (1056-1057)
106
9. quTaisis saeklesio kreba (1058)
[sigeli bagrat mefisa opizar da mijnaZorel

34

54
75
98
130

mamebisadmi, teqsti]
10. Tbilisis I saeklesio kreba (1178 w.)
138
[sigeli giorgi mefisa saqarTvelos eklesiisadmi,
teqsti]
11. Tbilisis II saeklesio kreba (1185 w.)
145
12. saeklesio Sekrebani daviT aRmaSeneblisa
da Tamaris karze
159
13. anisis Sekreba (1218)
164
[dawerili etifane kaTalikozisa anel
xucesTa sargos ganwesebis Sesaxeb, teqsti]
14. SiomRvimis saeklesio kreba (XIII s. 40-iani wlebi) 169
[ganCineba saeklesio krebisa SiomRvimis
Seuvalobis Sesaxeb, teqsti]
15. mcxeTis saeklesio kreba (1263)
173
[moxseneba saqarTvelos saeklesio krebisa
mefisadmi, teqsti]
16. Sekreba safaraSi (1453)
186
17. samTavros saeklesio Sekreba (1459)
190
18. svaneTis saeklesio krebebi (XIII-XVIII)
192
19. saeklesio Sekrebani vaxtang VI-is, Teimurazisa
da erekles karze
196
20. mcxeTa-Tbilisis (1755-1756) kreba
203
21. Tbilisis IV saeklesio kreba (1764)
231
[krebis ganCineba, teqsti]
daskvna
239
( )

254
CURRENT CHURCH SYNODS IN GEORGIA
255
msoflio saeklesio krebebi
qarTvel episkoposTa monawileobiT
Sesavali
256
1. saqarTvelos ori episkoposi I msoflio krebaze
257
2. qarTuli eklesiis warmomadgeneli II msoflio
krebaze
260
3. qarTveli episkoposi III msoflio krebis
muSaobaSi
262
4. saqarTvelos episkoposebi IV msoflio krebaze 263
5. cnoba V krebis muSaobaSi saqarTvelos
episkoposis monawileobis Sesaxeb
265
6. VI msoflio krebis mier saqarTvelos
eklesiis uflebaTa aRiareba
273
7. 691 wlis `trulis~ msoflio saeklesio krebis xelismomweri episkoposebi
dasavleT
saqarTvelodan
277
8. saqarTvelos episkoposi VII msoflio krebaze 281
9 ferara-florenciis kreba
290

daskvna
295

-
GEORGIAN BISHOPS ON ECUMENICAL COUNCILS
saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebis II tomis dasasruli

297
299

mitropoliti anania jafariZe

saqarTvelos
saeklesio
krebebi
III
mimdinare krebebi
(XIX-XX saukuneebi)
naSromSi ganxilulia me-19 da me-20 saukuneebSi Semdgari 50-ze meti saeklesio
kreba. maTi mniSvnelovani nawili, gansakuTrebiT XX s. dasawyisSi, saerTo-saxalxo
yrilobas
warmoadgenda
saqarTvelos
saxelmwifoebriobis
(avtonomiis),
damoukideblobisa da saeklesio avtokefaliis aRdgenisaken mimarTuls.
krebaTa analizs Tan erTvis maT mier gamocemuli samarTlis Zeglebi.

redaqtori:

lia SarvaSiZe

recenzentebi:

istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori

giuli alasania
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori

sergo vardosaniZe

anania jafariZe, 2003.

Sesavali
XIX saukuneSi ruseTis imperiis mier dapyrobil saqarTvelos miwa-wyalze
guberniebi da samxedro okrugebi Camoayalibes. rusul wreebSi sityva
`saqarTvelos~ xsenebac ki cud tonad iTvleboda, xolo qarTveloba
uimedobam moicva. aseT dros qarTvelma sasuliero wodebam SeinarCuna
mxneoba, suli mamuliSvilobisa da odindel damoukideblobas ara mxolod
axsenebda Tavis ers, aramed xelmZRvanelobda kidec uTanasworo brZolaSi
okupantebis
winaaRmdeg,
erTi
aseTi
magaliTia
saxalxo
ajanyeba
mitropolitebis
dosiTeos
quTaTelisa
da
eqvTime
genaTelis
xelmZRvanelobiT 1819-1820 wlebSi eklesiis avtokefaliis dasacavad da
qveynis gasaTavisufleblad.
eklesia
da
qarTveli
mRvdelmTavrebi
patronobdnen
saxelmwifo
dawesebulebebidan
da
saswavleblebidan
gamoZevebul
qarTul
enas,
gansakuTrebiT ki mas Semdeg, rac rusuli xelisufleba qarTuli enis
gamoZevebas Seecada regionebis eklesiebidan, qarTveli eris daSladanawevrebis
da
kuTxurobis
gaRrmavebis,
qarTuli
eTno-jgufebis
erTmaneTTagan gaucxovebis mizniT. am dros Semdgari krebebi ixilavdnen am
da sxva erovnuli TavisTavadobis SenarCunebisaken mimarTul sxva sakiTxebs.
XX s. dasawyisSi saeklesio krebebi warmoadgendnen namdvil saxalxo
yrilobebs sazogadoebis yvela fenis monawileobiT wmida marTlmadidebeli
sarwmunoebis asaRorZineblad saWiro eklesiuri avtokefaliis mosapoveblad.
am krebebze daisva sakiTxebi jer ruseTis imperiaSi saqarTvelos
gaerTianebis, Semdeg ki misi avtonomiisa da damoukideblobis aRsadgenad.
1917 wels avtokefaliis aRdgenisTanave kaTalikos-patriarqma leonidem
wamoayena idea - `Tavisufal eklesias gverdiT amovuyenoT Tavisufali
saqarTvelo~,
marTlac
1918
wels
qarTvelma
erma
SeZlo
Tavisi
damoukideblobis aRdgena.
1921 w. xelmeore okupaciis Semdeg, rac saqarTvelos mTavrobam da
umaRlesma qarTulma zedafenam miatova qveyana da Tavi evropas Seafara,
kaTolikos-patriarqma ambrosi xelaiam, viTarca qarTveli eris sulierma
mamam mTel msoflios Seatyobina genuis konferenciis meSveobiT qarTveli
eris ubedurebis Sesaxeb wiTeli ruseTis imperiaSi. amis Semdgom eklesiam
didi devna ganicada da mravali saeklesio kreba ixilavda Sesabamis
sakiTxebs.
mas Semdeg, rac 1943 w. ruseTis sapatriarqom aRiara saqarTvelos eklesiis
avtokefalia, sapatriarqo Rirseba da VI adgili marTlmadideblur diptixSi,
1990 wels saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia da sapatriarqo Rirseba
konstantinopolis sapatriarqomac aRiara. niSandoblivad miiCneva, rom
konstantinopolis mier avtokefaliis aRiareba win uswrebda 1991 wels
saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebas.
naSromSi ganxilulia 50-ze meti saeklesio kreba, Semdgarni XIX-XX ss-Si,
romelTa erTad Sekreba da erT monogradiad gamocema pirvelad xdeba
qarTul istriografiaSi.

saeklesio Sekrebebi e.w. `cerkovni bunti~ avtokefaliis gauqmebis dros

(1819-1820)
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis avtokefalia gauqmda 1811 wels, imis
Semdeg, rac saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi anton II ruseTSi gadaasaxles,
xolo saqarTvelos eklesia dauqvemdebares rusuli eklesiis wmida sinods.
Tu ufro met sizustes davicavT, unda iTqvas, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis
avtokefalia sabolood gauqmda ara 1811, aramed 1821 wels, imis Semdeg, rac
ruseTis
xelisuflebam
mTeli
Tavisi
sisastikiT
CaaxSo
dasavleT
saqarTveloSi saerTo-saxalxo ajanyeba qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis
dasacavad. ruseTis mTavrobam amis Sedegad gaauqma saeklesio TavisTavadoba
saqarTvelos am nawilSi.
rogorc cnobilia, qarTul eklesias gaaCnda ori erTmaneTisagan
administraciulad damoukidebeli Tumca sulierad erTiani saeklesio
erTeuli: qarTlis da afxazeTis (imereTis) sakaTalikosoebi, romelTa
meTaurebi patriarqis wodebamdec amaRldnen. saeklesio mowyobis aseTi saxe
gaaCniaT sxva qristian erebsac - berZnul eklesias gaaCnda da amJamadac aqvs
ramodenime sapatriarqo da avtokefaluri saeklesio erTeuli, aseve
somxebsac. qarTuli eklesiis aseTi mowyobis saxe gagrZelda XVIII saukunis
miwurulamde. am droisaTvis qarTvelTa Soris gavrcelda idea daqucmacebul
saqarTvelos gaerTianebisa. am ideis erT-erTi sulisCamdgmeli iyo dasavleT
saqarTvelos, anu afxaz-imerTa kaTalikozis adgilze mjdomi quTaTeli
mitropoliti dosiTeozi, eqvTime genaTelTan erTad. am ideis ganxorcieleba,
anu saqarTvelos erT saxelmwifod gaerTianeba, romelic ase mniSvnelovani
iyo im droisaTvis, ver moxerxda. dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiis ierarqebma
amis sanacvlod, rogorc Cans, umjobesad miiCnies gaerTianeba sruliad
saqarTvelos eklesiisa. amitomac quTaTelma mitropolitma dosiTeozma uari
ganacxada sakaTalikozo taxzte (kaTalikozis tituli mas uboZa imereTis
mefe solomon YII-m) da dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesia da ierarqia mefe
erekle II-s dros samarTlebrivad da administraciulad Tavis nebiT
daeqvemdebara aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, anu qarTlis sakaTalikozos
sasamarTlo xelisuflebas (dikasteriasa) da kaTalikos anton II-s. qarTuli
eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebis droisaTvis (1811 wlisaTvis) saqarTvelos
eklesia aRmosavleT-dasavleT saqarTvelos moicavda.
aRsaniSnavia, rom ruseTis xelisuflebas qarTuli eklesiis gauqmebis
Sesaxeb oficialurad ar ganucxadebia. piriqiT, anton II didi TavaziTa da
pativiscemiT gaiyvanes saqarTvelodan qarTuli eklesiis Sinagani aSlilobis
mowesrigebis sababiT, mxolod ramdenime wlis Semdeg mixvda qarTveloba, rom
xelisuflebas, SesaZloa, qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebaze efiqra.
roca rusebma anton II-is monacvle `egzarxosad~, qarTuli eklesiis
`meTaurad~ dasves varlam erisTavi, mas ar mianiWes kaTalikozis wodeba,
qarTvelebi fiqrobdnen, rom anton II, e.i. kanonieri kaTalikozi, ruseTSi
imyofeboda, rogorc xelisufleba ambobda, `avadmyofobis~ gamo, amitomac,
cxadia, misi sicocxlis dros misi monacvlisaTvis kaTalikosis wodebis
miniWeba
swori
ar
iqneboda
da
egzarqosobis
damyareba
normalur
mdgomareobad miaCndaT. `egzarqoss~ qarTvelebi kaTalikozis monacvled rom
Tvlidnen, es Cans ioane bagrationis `kalmasobidan~, masSi sityva `egzarqosi~
asea ganmartebuli: `egzarqi niSnavs monacvlesa da adgilis dampyrobsa

patriarxisasa, viTarca ruseTsa Sina nacvlad patriarxisa sinodi, mmarTveli

sasuliero saqmeTa~1.
SesaZloa, qarTvelTa azriT, saqarTvelos egzarqosi iyo saqarTvelos
kaTalikos-patriarqis monacvle, ise, rogorc, vTqaT, ruseTSi patriarqis
nacvlad saeklesio saqmeebs ganagebda sinodi. kaTalikos-patriarq anton II-is
gardacvalebamde (21.XII.1827) qarTvelebi gaurkvevlobaSi imyofebodnen da maT
bolomde arc ki icodnen, rom qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia gauqmebuli
iyo. fiqrobdnen, rom saqarTveloSi saeklesio saqmeebSi ereoda ruseTis
xelisufleba imis gamo, rom amas iTxovda ruseTis imperiis wesrigianoba.
saqarTvelos
eklesias
saTaveSi
1811
wlidan
egzarqosTan
erTad
dikasteria Cauyenes. dikasteria jer kidev anton I-ma daaarsa sakaTalikoso
karze. es iyo umaRlesi administraciul-sasamarTlo organo (XVIII saukunis
70-ian wlebidan), romelic ganagebda saeklesio xasiaTis yvela saqmes. antonis
dros
mmarTvelobasTan
erTad
igi
asrulebda
agreTve
sasamarTlo
funqciasac. dikasteria kolegialuri organo iyo, mis SemadgenlobaSi TiTqmis
yvela rangis sasuliero piri Sedioda, wevrTa raodenoba 11 kacs ar
aRemateboda da isini periodulad monawileobdnen dikasteriis saqmianobaSi.
dikasteria xelmZRvanelobda saeklesio kanon-wesebiTa da vaxtang VI-is
samarTlis wignTa krebuliT2.
rusebis mier daarsebuli dikasteria, cxadia, Tvisobrivad gansxvavdeboda
anton I-is dros arsebuli dikasteriisagan (erTi erovnuli organo iyo, meore
ki - rusuli), magram saxelebis msgavsebas qarTvelebi SecdomaSi Sehyavda,
isini fiqrobdnen, rom qarTuli eklesiis mmarTvelobis saxe ar Secvlila,
mxolod wesrigi ganmtkicda rusuli wesebis Sesabamisad. maSasadame, rusebma
qarTuli eklesiis damoukideblobas nela da frTxilad gamoacales
safuZveli ise, rom qarTvelTa umravlesobam amis Sesaxeb araferi icoda.
isini mxolod XIX saukunis 30-ian wlebSi aRmoCndnen faqtis winaSe, maSin,
roca qarTuli eklesiis mmarTvelobis saxe ukve Tvisobrivad Secvlili iyo
(eparqiaTa Semcirebis erT-erTi mizani iyo qarTvel mRvdelmTavarTa ricxvis
mkveTri SemcirebiT avtokefaliis gauqmebis mowinaaRmdegeTa uvnebelyofa).
rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, dasavleT-aRmosavleT saqarTvelos eklesia ukve
faqtobrivad gaerTianebuli iyo XVIII s. bolosa da XIX s. dasawyisisaTvis.
qarTlis sakaTalikosos dikasteria jer jidev rusTa mmarTvelobis
dawyebamde arCevda dasavleT saqarTvelos sasuliero pirTa zogierT saqmes3.
swored es faqti edo safuZvlad ruseTis sinods, roca saqarTvelos
dikasteria 1815 wels gadakeTda saqarTvelo-imereTis sinodalur kantorad,
mTavrobam mas daumorCila jer kidev avtokefaluri samTavroebis guriasamegrelos eklesiebi4. maSasadame, aRmosavleT saqarTvelos saegzarqosoSi
dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesiur daqvemdebarebas mxolod imereTis samefos
imperiasTan SeerTeba ar edo safuZvlad, aramed dasavleT saqarTvelos ukve
arsebuli eklesiuri daqvemdebareba aRmosavleT, anu zogadqarTul saeklesio
centrisadmi.
es rom namdvilad ase iyo da qarTuli eklesia dasavleT-aRmosavleT
saqarTveloSi gaerTianebuli iyo rusTa mmarTvelobis damyarebamde, wers
sargis kakabaZe: `midrekileba gaerTianebisaken amer-imerSi imdenad didi iyo,
rom man SemdegSi gamoxatuleba hpova ramdenadme mainc saeklesio cxovrebaSi.
1795 wels kievSi gardaicvala ukanaskneli afxaz-imereTis (e.i. dasavleT

saqarTvelos) kaTalikosi maqsime abaSiZe, romelic ruseTSi elCad daviT II-is

mier gagzavnili ukan ar dabrunebula. mis magivrad fiqrobdnen kaTalikosad
quTaTeli mitropolitis dosiTeozis kurTxevas, magram es ar moxda. platon
ioselianis damowmebiT, saero xelmZRvaneloba dasavleT saqarTvelos
eklesiisac daekisra amis Semdeg saqarTvelos kaTalikoss anton II-s.
marTalia, es xelmZRvaneloba iyo nominaluri, magram is garemoeba, rom
dasavleT saqarTveloSo ukve calke kaTalikosi ar ijda, mainc simptomaturi
iyo. sayuradReboa amasTanave, rom rogorc Cans, es moxda ara Tbilisidan
miTiTebiT, aramed TviT imerlebis TaosnobiT~5.
amitomac
egzarqosi
varlam
mitropoliti
rusma
xelisuflebam
daavaldebula ganexorcielebina saeklesio `reforma~ misdami nominalurad
daqvemdebarebul dasavleT saqarTveloSi. varlamma es ver SeZlo, amiT
ukmayofilo xelisuflebam igi gaiwvia saqarTvelodan da mis nacvlad
egzarqosad daniSna erovnebiT rusi mitropoliti Teofilaqte. man TbilisSi
Camosvlis Semdeg dasavleT saqarTveloSi saeklesio reformis (e.i. qarTuli
eklesiis darCenili nawilis TavisTavadobis gauqmebis) mizniT uwmides sinods
warudgina moxseneba lixT-imereTis eparqiebis Semcirebisa da egzarqosisadmi
daqvemdebarebis
Sesaxeb.
dasavleT
saqarTveloSi
am
dros
iyo
9
samRvdelmTavro kaTedra. rusebis mier ganzraxuli iyo mxolod sami eparqiis
datoveba, agreTve saeklesio mamulebis Semosavlis aRricxva da maTi
daqvemdebareba egzarqosisa da sasinodo kantorisadmi. axla saeklesio
glexebisagan iTxovdnen fulad gadasaxads, xolo samRvdeloebas ki
pirdebodnen jamagirs6.
rusi moxeleebi arwmunebdnen peterburgis umaRles xelisuflebas
TiTqosda saeklesio reformis gatareba ara marto politikur, aramed
ekonomikur sargebelsac moutanda imperias, radganac saxazino Semosavali
imereTidan gaizrdeboda 100.000 maneTamde (iqamde 20.000 maneTs Zlivs aRwevda).
amis safuZveli iyo is, rom saeklesio glexebi da saeklesio mamulebi
dasavleT saqarTveloSi saerTo mosaxleobisa da miwis fondis mniSvnelovan
nawils Seadgenda.
axali egzarqosi Teofilaqte rusanovi, romelic 1817 wlidan Seudga
saqarTvelSi saqmianobas, xelisuflebasa da rusul wreebs ganaTlebul pirad
miaCndaT, igi cdilobda rusuli politikis mtkice gamtarebeli yofiliyo
eklesiaSi. CamosvlisTanave sionis wmida taZarSi qarTulis nacvlad SemoiRo
slavuri wirva-locva, gaxsna rusulenovani seminaria TbilisSi (1817), surda
misi gamoyeneba qarTveli samRvdeloebis axali Taobis gasaruseblad da maTi
saSualebiT Semdgom qarTuli mrevlis erovnuli cnobierebis dasasusteblad.
Tu iqamde saqarTvelos xalxi qarTvelobasa da marTlmadideblobas
sinonimebad miiCnevda, axali saeklesio politikis Tanaxmad, surdaT
marTlmadideblobis cnebis qarTvelobis cnebisagan daSoreba, erTisaTvis
mxolod sarwmunoebrivi, meorisaTvis erovnul-eTnikuri saxis miniWeba,
Semdgom ki rusobisa da marTlmadideblobis gaerTmniSvnelianeba qarTul
cnobierebaSi.
saerTod, imdroindel ruseTSi, marTalia, TiTqosda sazogadoebrivi
cnobiereba evropulis msgavsad iyo mowyobili, magram sinamdvileSi ufro
aziuri Sexedulebani batonobda saeklesio (da saxelmwifoebriv) sferoSi, es
iqidan Cans, rom imperiaSi yvela aramarTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis

mimdevrebs neba hqondaT erovnuli eklesiebisa da sasuliero saswavleblebis

qonisa, xolo ararus marTlmadideblebs mxolod rusuli saeklesio
dawesebulebebi unda hqonodaT, e.i. yvela marTlmadidebels saxelmwifo da
eklesia ganixilavda rusad da Tu marTlmadidebeli ararusi iyo, samomavlod
igi rusul erovnebasa da eklesias unda Serwymoda. msgavadve iyo osmaleTSic,
aq mxolod oTxi-xuTi xalxis, anu eris arsebobas aRiarebda saxelmwifo.
eseni iyvnen 1. muslimanebi, 2. frangebi, 3. somxebi, 4. berZnebi, 5. ebraelebi.
yvela
mahmadiani
erovnuli
warmomavlobis
miuxedavad
musulmanad
ganixileboda, yvela kaTolike erovnuli warmomavlobis miuxedavad frangad, yvela marTlmadidebebli erovnuli kuTvnilebis miuxedavad berZnad, berZnulenovani skolebiTa da eklesiebiT. aseTive mowyobis saxes,
Cans, ruseTis imperiac aRiarebda - aqac yvela marTlmadidebels, maT Soris
qarTvelebsac - rusebad anda potenciur rusebad ganixilavdnen, spobdnen
qarTulenovan eklesiebs da saswavleblebs. xolo somxebs, ebrael da sxva
xalxebs utovebdnen erovnuls.
sagangebodaa aRsaniSnavi, rom yovelive amas, ruseTis xelisuflebis nebas,
SesaniSnavad grZnobda imereTis morwmune mosaxleoba da aRniSnavda kidec
Sesabamis werilSi ruseTis xelisuflebisadmi 1819-1920 wlebSi, `saeklesio
reformis~ wamowyebis dros. dasavleT saqarTvelos qarTveloba `saeklesio
reformas~
ganixilavda,
rogorc
qarTuli
eklesiis,
anu
erovnuli
sarwmunoebis SebRalva-gauqmebis mcdelobas da werda xelisuflebas: `Tu
ruseTis imperiaSi ar Seaxes xeli ebraelTa sarwmunoebas, agreTve somxebisa
da kaTolikeTa eklesiebs, Cven ratom unda warmovadgendeT gamonakliss. Tu im
dros, roca mahmadianTa xelSi viyaviT, aravin exeboda Cvens mtkice rwmenas da
arc amgvar mwuxarebas gvayenebdnen, maS raRa dagiSaveT amJamad, roca
gvtaceben SeCveul mRvdelmTavrebs, taZrebsa da mRvdlebs~7.
am werilidan Cans, rom 1819-1820 wlebSi imereTisa da dasavleT
saqarTvelos mosaxleobam SesaniSnavad icoda, Tu sinamdvileSi ra surda da
ra eklesiuri Sedegi mohyveboda `saeklesio reformas~. marTlac, rogorc
werilSia aRniSnuli, ruseTis imperias xeli ar uxlia aramarTlmadidebluri
erebis eklesiebisaTvis. amis magaliTia is, rom somxur eklesias imperiaSi
bolomde hqonda `Tavisi sakuTari damoukidebeli organizacia kaTalikosiT
saTaveSi. somxur eklesiebTan yvelgan gaxsnili iyo somxurenovani samrevlo
skolebi, somxebs hqondaT sasuliero saSualo saswavleblebic (seminariebi,
erTi maTgani TbilisSi), hqondaT eCmiaZinSi umaRlesi saswavlebelic,
sasuliero akademia. yvelgan swavla warmoebda somxur enaze~8.
aRsaniSnavia, rom ruseTis xelisuflebas aRelvebda isic, rom miuxedavad
samefo xelisuflebis gauqmebisa, miuxedavad imisa, rom imereTi 1810 wels
SeierTa ruseTis imperiam, kvlavindeburad imereTis mefis adgils axla
faqtobrivad asrulebda imereTis sasuliero umaRlesi xelisufleba, mas
xalxis dabal da maRal fenaze udidesi zegavlena hqonda. es ki Zalze
awuxebda rusul xelisuflebas. amiT iyo gamowveuli is, rom mTavrobisagan
adgilobrivma rusulma xelisuflebam miiRo aseTi saxis brZaneba: `dro aris
bolo moeRos imereTis samRvdelobis gadaWarbebul gavlenas xalxis
gonebaze~9.
rusebis xelisuflebis damyarebis Semdeg imereTSi umaRles saeklesio
xelisufalTa, gansakuTrebiT ki quTaTeli da genaTeli mitropolitebis,

gavlena xalxze ki ar Semcirebula, aramed gazrdila. amis mizezTa Sesaxeb s.

kakabaZe wers: `sul imereT-guria-samegreloSi am dros iTvleboda cxra
mRvdelmTavari. mRvdlebic dasavleT saqarTveloSi iyvnen Zlier bevrni (isini
ojaxobiT Seadgendnen mosaxleobis daaxloebiTY 5%-s). mRvdels sofelSi
didi gavlena hqonda, radganac axlos idga glexobasTan da, rogorc ufro
Segnebuli, glexobisaTvis mis Wir-varamSi sasargebloc iyo, garda amisa,
gasul xanaSi, osmalebTan brZolebis dros, samRvdeloeba saWiro iyo xalxSi
qristianuli Segnebis gansamtkiceblad. quTaisis da gelaTis mitropolitebs
Tavis xelqveiT hqonda saeklesio didi SeZleba (TiTqmis am dros 500
mozrdil koml aznaur-glexze meti). TavianTi karis sxvadasxva moxeleebiT da
Tavadebis
xSiri
stumrianobiT
maTi
gavlena
adgilobrivi
qarTuli
mmarTvelobis gauqmebis gamo kidev ufro gaizarda, miT umetes, rom rusuli
mmarTveloba xalxs ar moswonda~10.
quTaTel da genaTel mitropolitTa gavlenis gazrda agreTve unda
aixsnas
ZvelqarTuli
saxelmwifoebrivi
mowyobis
sistemiT,
romelic
bolomde, rusTa mmarTvelobis damyarebamde iyo SenarCunebuli imereTis
samefoSi. kerZod, imereTSi mefe TviTmpyrobeli mmarTveli ar iyo, aramed igi
saxelmwifos
marTavda
Tavis
sabWosTan
erTad.
sabWos
wevrebi
didmniSvnelovan Tanamdebobebsac flobdnen. mefis sabWo orad ganiyofoda
sasulierod da saerod, `sasuliero pirebi sabWoSi didi uflebebiT
sargeblobdnen,
maT
Sexedulebebsa
da
mosazrebebs
mefe
yovelTvis
11
gulmodgined ismenda da did angariSs uwevda~ . sabWoSi monawileobda oTxi
episkoposi: 1. quTaTeli mitropoliti dosiTeosi; 2. genaTeli mitropoliti
eqvTime; 3. nikorwmindeli mitropoliti sofroniosi da 4. mTavarepiskoposi
antoni~12. mefis sabWos saero nawili rusebis Semosvlis win Sedgeboda 30-mde
Tavadisagan da taxtis aznaurisagan. imereTis samefos politikuri wyobileba,
romelic g.gonikaSvilis Tanaxmad, `qarTuli saxelmwifo samarTlis wesebze
iyo agebuli~ gvagonebs ZvelqarTuli saxelmwifo mowyobis wess, roca mefis
karze arsebuli saxelmwifo darbazi Sedgeboda `oTxi berisagan~ da
vezirebisagan.
`xelmwifis karis garigebis~ Tanaxmad, romliTac, rogorc cnobilia,
didxans sargeblobdnen imereTSi, xelmwifis karze yovelTvis pirvel rigSi
moixsenieboda oTxi didxarisxovani beri, anu monazoni `romlebic arian:
moZRvarTmoZRvari, Wyondideli, kaTalikosni qarTlisa da afxazeTisa~13.
erTiani saqarTvelos samefos daSlisa da imereTis samefos warmoqmnis
Semdeg, Cans, cdilan samefoSi SeenarCunebinaT ZvelqarTuli saxelmwifo
samarTali da mefesTan Seqmnil sabWoSi SeunarCunebiaT oTxi sasuliero
piris wevroba, maT, rogorc aRiniSna, mefeze udidesi zegavlena da
saxelmwifoSi didi Zala hqoniaT, Cans iseve, rogorc Zvel saqarTveloSi
Wyondidelsa da kaTalikosebs.
aRsaniSnavia, rom imereTSi mefobis gauqmebis Semdeg rusebic cdilan
imereTis rusi mmarTvelis karze daearsebinaT `sabWo~ (TiTqosda ar surdaT
mmarTvelobis Zveli formebis Secvla), axla misTvis mmarTvelobis umaRlesi
organo uwodebiaT `saerTo krebis~ saxeliT, magram `kreba mxolod
formaluri dawesebuleba iyo. imereTis saqmeebs erTpirovnulad ganagebda
mmarTveli rusi generali~14.

rogorc aRiniSna, marTalia, imereTSi mefoba gaauqmes, magram imereTis

mefesTan arsebul sabWos, romelic, cxadia, rusTa mier daSlili iyo, mainc
udidesi gavlena hqonia xalxze gansakuTrebiT ki mis sasuliero nawils,
amitomac miiRo xelisuflebam mTavrobis uzenaesi brZaneba moespoT `xalxis
gonebaze~ qarTuli samRvdeloebis zegavlena. es xelisuflebam daavala
sinodalur
kantorasa
da
egzarqoss.
maT
avtoriteti
ar
gaaCndaT
Careuliyvnen dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio saqmeebSi, iTxovdnen jaris
gamoyenebasa da xazinisagan xarjis gawevas saeklesio saqmeTa mosagvareblad.
sanacvlod mTavrobas pirdebodnen, rom `saeklesio reformiT~ xazina gaweul
xarjebs erTi-aTad ainazRaurebda eklesiebidan Semosavlebis gazrdiT.
egzarqosi Teofilaqte rusis gaZlierebuli jariTa da artileria qvemexebis
TanxlebiT gadavida dasavleT saqarTveloSi `saeklesio reformebis~
gansaxorcieleblad.
imereli qronografi werda: `1819 wels ivnisis TveSi movida saqarTvelos
egzarxi
mitropoliti
Teofilaqte
brZanebiTa
misis
imperatorebisis
didebulebis ruseTis xelmwifisaTa sasulieros Statis dasawyobad, raTa
qmnil iyo erT eparqiad da im erTs eparxiis zeddmdgom mRvdel-mTavars xel
qveS unda Sesuliyo yovelive sasuliero saqme da egreTve eklesiis ymaTa...~15
ambis gagrZelebis Semdeg qronografi amTavrebs: `amis msmeneli imereTis
sazogadoeba mieca ara mcireds mwuxarebasa~15.
`Zvelad saqarTvelos eklesias Semosavali ZiriTadad sakuTari ymamamulidan Semodioda, agreTve sasuliero (saweso) gamosaRebebi, eklesiebTan
gamarTuli `qalaqobebis~ baJi da Semowirulobani~16.
Teofilaqte imereTis soflebSi agzavnida Tavis warmomadgenlebs,
romelnic atarebdnen aseTi saxis saeklesio reformas: Statis Semcirebis
sababiT samsaxuridan iTxovdnen samRvdeloebas, es iwvevda mahmadianebis
Semosevebis drosac ki moqmedi eklesiebis daketvas, aRwerdnen saeklesio
qoneba-Semosavlebs, xolo eparqiaTa Semcirebis Sesaxeb mTavrobis ganzraxva
ukve mTelma dasavleT saqarTvelom icoda. eparqiaTa da saeklesio msaxurTa
Statebis Semcireba sxva araferi iyo Tu ara eklesiisa da qveynisaTvis
Tavdadebuli naRvawi episkoposebisa da samRvdeloebis daTxovna, eklesiebis
gauqmeba, urCebis dapatimreba, saeklesio glexTa gadasaxadebis ara Tu
Semcireba, aramed gazrda `saeklesio reformiT glexTa saeklesio
gadasaxadebi gaizarda, mosaxleobis sagadasaxado tvirTi damZimda. ase
magaliTad,
ivandidis,
kontuaTis,
naxaxulevis,
kuxis,
maTxojis,
farcxanayanevis, maRlakisa da sxva soflebis glexTa saeklesio gadasaxadebi
samjer gazardes~16.
imereTSi im dros iTvleboda 2124 saeklesio komli (1994 komli saeklesio
glexi da 130 ojaxi saeklesio aznauri). Semosavali maTgan fulze gadayvaniT
Seadgenda 11482 maneT vercxlis fuls, maSin roca 1817 wels xazinis
Semosavali mTeli imereTidan Seadgenda mxolod 16745 maneTs16.
`reformiT~ SeSfoTebulma imereTis sazogadoebam mravalgzis TxovniT
mimarTa xelisuflebas Seewyvita es procesi. sazogadoeba arwmunebda
mTavrobas, rom am saeklesio reformis Sedegad `mravali taZari daiqceva,
patiosansa da yovladqebul xatebsa da jvrebs daitaceben, saydrebs

moakldebaT maTganve aRzrdili maTTvis mlocveli moZRvrebi, qarTvelebi

ganSorebul iqnebian Tavis mRvdelmTavarTa kurTxevisagan~17.
aseTma Txovna-vedrebam da darwmunebam ar gaWra, rusis mTavrobam
Teofilaqtes xelmZRvanelobiT gaagrZela `reforma~, romlis mixedviTac
`mRvdlebis
ricxvi
unda
Semcirebuliyo
erTiorad
da
erTisamad.
episkoposebis SesamCnevad dasanaxi cxovreba amaliTa da stumrianobiT
moispoboda, rac frTas Seakvecda maT gavlenas Tavadaznaurobasa da xalxze.
rodesac saeklesio glexebis aRweras Seudgnen gadasaxadebis fulze
gadataniT da maTi momatebiT, xalxi SeSinda~18. ajanyda mTeli imereTi,
sazogadoebis yvela fena 1819 wlis ivnis-ivlisSi. TiTqmis yoveli soflis
eklesiebTan ikribeboda mrevli.
eklesiebSi daculi bukebis xmaze ikribeboda mTeli soflis mosaxleoba,
tardeboda saxalxo saeklesio krebebi. ificebdnen xatebze, rom ar
uRalatebdnen erTmaneTs, saqristiano saqmes, daicavdnen erTobas da
mTlianobas gamarjvebamde. xalxis saboloo mizani iyo e.w. `saeklesio
reformis~ gauqmeba, samRvdeloebisa da eklesiis winandel mdgomareobaSi
datoveba.
`glexebi mouwodebdnen erTmaneTs erTobisaken. erTobaSi monawile
jgufebi gadadiodnen mezobel soflebSi, yvelgan adgilobriv eklesiebSi
daculi bukebis dakvriT ikribeboda xalxi da xatebze erTobis fics
Rebulobda. erTobis fics Rebulobdnen glexebTan erTad Tavadaznaurobac.
quTaTeli
mitropoliti
dosiTeosi
da
genaTeli
efTvime
aSkarad
19
mouwodebdnen xalxs eklesiis uflebebis dasacavad~ . saeklesio ajanyebam
gansakuTrebiT didi saxe miiRo raWaSi da saerTod mTel qveyanaSi. imereTis
mmarTveli rusi generali mTavrobas acnobebda, rom ajanyeba sayovelTao iyo,
ajanyebulebma daiWires da Caxerges samimosvlo da safosto gzebi, daikaves
sadarajoebi,
isini
moiTxovdnen
reformis
gauqmebas
da
egzarqosis
Teofilaqte rusanovis imereTidan gaZevebas20. mTavrobam imereTSi damatebiT
Segzavna kazakTa ori polki, grenaderTa polkis erTi batalioni da
artileria generlis meTaurobiT. ajanyebulebSi TandaTan gavrcelda
lozungi
`samSoblos
ganTavisufleba~20.
`samSoblos
ganTavisufleba~,
cxadia, eklesiis Tavisuflebasac gulismobda.
mTavroba iZulebuli gaxda `reforma~ Seewyvita, xolo `SeSinebuli
egzarqosi Teofilaqte 9 ivliss, gaZlierebuli dacviT 300 jariskaciTa da
artileriiT
quTaisidan
Tbiliss
gaemgzavra.
es
iyo
ajanyebulTa
gamarjveba~21.
ajanyebulebi dawynardnen. magram rusi moxeleebisa da gansakuTrebiT
generlis qmedebebma xalxi miaxvedra, rom erTaderTi xsna iyo mxolod
rusebis qveynidan gandevna da erovnuli samefo xelisuflebis aRdgena.
ajanyebulebi daaCqara iman, rom rusebs ganzraxuli hqondaT ajanyebulebis
sastiki dasja, xalxisagan ki iTxovdnen `codvebis monaniebas~ da ruseTis
imperiis erTgulebaze ficis dadebas. ajanyeba ganaxlda. saimperatoro kars
arwmunebdnen, rom ajanyebas saTaveSi edga qarTuli eklesia, kerZod, ki
quTaTeli da genaTeli mitropolitebi dosiTeosi da eqvTime. peterburgidan
movida
brZaneba
qarTuli
eklesiis
meTaurebis
imereTidan
ruseTSi

gadasaxlebis Sesaxeb. es faqtobrivad iyo nebarTva imisa, rom maT

adgilobrivi xelisufleba mopyroboda Tavisi Sexedulebis Sesabamisad.
SemuSavebuli iqna mTeli gegma mitropolitebis dapatimrebisa mTeli
Tavis nebarTvebiTa da instruqciebiT. amasobaSi ajanyebulma xalxma da
imereTis
mTelma
sazogadoebam
daiwyes
Zieba
samefo
kandidatebisa.
samwuxarod, mefe solomon II-s pirdapiri memkvidre ar hyavda. samefo
kandidats eZebdnen bagrationTa Soris, magram Semdeg samefo saxlis
naTesavTa Sorisac daiwyes Zieba. sabolood, imereTis mefed gamoacxades
solomon II-is SviliSvili ivane abaSiZe. amis sapasuxod rusebma Seiyvanes
imereTSi damatebiTi jarebi, gaica brZaneba axali mefisa da mitropolitTa
dapatimrebis
Sesaxeb,
isini
samarTlianad
ganixilebodnen
qarTuli
saxelmwifoebriobisa da saeklesio damoukideblobis arsebobis masazrdoebel
centralur figurebad. imereTis rusma mmarTvelma puzirevskim Seipyro Rrmad
moxucebuli quTaTeli mitropoliti dosiTeosi da genaTeli eqvTime 1820
wlis 4 marts, TviTon ki gaemarTa guriisaken axali mefis ivane abaSiZis
Sesapyrobad.
Sepyrobil
mitropolitebs
xelisufleba
miiCnevda
ara
dapatimrebulebad, aramed datyvevebulebad.
guriaSi
wasvlamde
puzirevski
SeuTanxmda
rusul
mmarTvelobas
mRvdelmTavar tyveTa sakiTxis Sesaxeb. general-leitenants veliaminovs
miswera: `imisaTvis, raTa datyvevebulebma ver SeZlon gaqceva, ar icodnen
erTmaneTis vinaoba da gatarebis dros mcxovreblebma ver icnon isini,
gadavwyvite, rom Tavze Camovacva tomrebi, maT kiserTan da welTan Sevkrav,
xolo bagesTan sasunTqs gavukeTeb. Tu raime ukiduresi Semxveva moxdeba maT
davxocav da gvamebs wyals gavatan22. Tbilisis rusuli xelisufleba Zalze
SeaSfoTa daxocvis Semdeg mitropolitebis gvamebis wyalSi gadayris azrma,
radganac SeeSindaT, rom gvamebis amocnobis Semdeg xalxi gamZvinvardebida,
amitomac aseTi darigeba miiRo: `yvelaze metad moerideT mitropolitebis
sikvdiliT dasjas, amas SeuZlia mTlad aaRelvos samRvdeloebisa da
Tavadebisagan waqezebuli xalxi, SeiZleba Cvens jariskacebzec cudi
STabeWdileba datovos. maT sarwmunoebrivi aRmsareblobis gamo Zlieri
sasoeba unda hqondeT samRvdeloebisadmi... magram Tu mainc saWirod miiCneva
moxuci mRvdelmTavrebis daxocva, araviTar SemTxvevaSi arc erTi gvami ar
datovoT imereTSi, arc daasaflavoT, arc gadaagdoT mdinareSi, viwro da
swrafdinebis gamo SeiZleba mdinarem amoagdos gvamebi, romelsac naxavs
crumorwmune xalxi. TiToeuli gvami gadatanil unda iqnes mozdokamdis. ar
iqnas datovebuli saqarTveloSic ki, anda mitanil iqnan kaiSauramde, sadac
SeiZleba maTi dasafleveba~23. es iyo faqtobrivi nebarTva mitropolitebis
daxocvisa. magram am brZanebis Sesrulebamde TviT puzirevski mokles guriaSi.
mitropolitTa Sepyrobis Semdeg ajanyda ara mxolod imereTi raWasTan
erTad, aramed guria da samegreloc. rusebma imereTSi Seiyvanes damatebiTi
jari da artileria. saxelmwifosa da eklesiis TavisuflebisaTvis mebrZoli
xalxi medgrad ebrZoda mters. amitomac amierkavkasiis sardlobam dasavleT
saqarTveloSi
gaagzavna
samxedro
eqspedicia
general
veliaminovis
xelmZRvanelobiT. mas daevala sastikad gasworeboda ajanyebulebs, adgilzeve
CamoexrCo tyveebi. marTlac, rusebma cecxls misces da miwasTan gaaswores
soflebi, daangries cixe-simagreebi. maT eklesiis TavisTavadobis damcvelebi
TavdadebiT ebrZodnen (1820 wlis aprilidan ivlisamde). sabolood, rusebma

gaimarjves. ermolovi mravali wlis Semdeg werda am ambebis Sesaxeb:

`amboxebuli soflebi gavanadgureT da gadavbugeT. baRebi da venaxebi
Zirebamde avCexeT, mravali wlis Semdegac ver aRadgendnen moRalateebi
pirvandel mdgomareobas~24. eklesiisa da qveynis
damoukideblobisaTvis
mebrZoli xalxis damarcxebis Semdeg ruseTis xelisuflebam sastikad dasaja
aqtiuri monawileni, daxoca cixeebsa da gadasaxlebebSi. amis erTi magaliTia
gelaTis saepiskoposos kuTvnili sofeli futieTi raWaSi, mitropolitTa
dapatimrebis Semdeg sofelma, xalxma da samRvdeloebam, berebma, qalebma,
moxucebma da axalgazrdebma medgari winaaRdgoma gauwies rusis jars.
brZola Sedga 1820 wlis 21 maiss. rogorc fiqroben, am erT sofelSi 2000 kaci
daiRupa Setevis dros25.
rogorc aRvniSneT, Sepyrobil mitropolitebs tomrebi Camoacves da, Cans,
urmiT an cxenebiT gauyenes ruseTis gzas. xelisuflebas eSinoda maTi
cocxlad datovebisa, amitomac SemTxvevas ar unda mivaweroT qarTuli
eklesiis faqtobrivi meTauris, kaTalikosis adgilze mjdomisa da zogierTi
sabuTis mixedviT kaTalikosis dosiTeos quTaTelis sikvdili. igi, rogorc
fiqroben, suramTan axlos tomaraSi daxCobila, zogierTi cnobis mixedviT,
igi mokvda sastiki cemis Semdeg. misi gvami da agreTve mitropoliti eqvTime
genaTeli mainc tomrebSi datoves, mxolod ananurSi, rusebisaTvis usafrTxo
adgilas inebes rusebma mitropolitis gvamis gaTavisufleba. cxadia, es
winaswar Seatyobines rusul saeklesio mmarTvelobas TbilisSi.
qarTuli eklesiis TavisuflebisaTvis Tavdadebulsa da sicocxlis
Semwirvel mitropolit dosiTeoss kaTalikos-patriarqi leonide uwodebs
`mowame mRvdelmTavars~. dosiTeos quTaTelisa da eqvTime genaTelis xsovna
sagangebod aRniSnes avtokefaliis aRmdgenelma krebebma 1917 wels. `mowame
mRvdelmTavris~ dosiTeos quTaTelis ukanaskneli gansasveneblis Sesaxeb
brZanebs k.p.leonide: `quTaTeli amoaRrCes tomaraSi gzaTmimavali suramidan
gorSi. didxans ar icodnen, ra eqnaT mowame mRvdelmTavris cxedrisTvis.
momyol jariskacTaTvis ar gaumxeliaT es ambavi ananuramdis, sadac bolos
movida brZaneba saqarTvelos sinodalur egzarqosisagan mRvdelmTavris
dasaflavebis Sesaxeb yovlad martivaTa da uceremonioT~26.
ruseTSi gadasaxlebuli bagrationebis samefo saxlis wevrebs xSirad
iwvevdnen imperiis dedaqalaqSi im mizniT, raTa maT SecvlodaT Sexeduleba
imperiis civilizebulebis Sesaxeb. Cans, amave mizniT miiwvia peterburgSi
imperatorma aleqsandre I-ma genaTeli mitropoliti eqvTime ruseTSi
gadayvanis Semdeg. moelodnen, rom saimperatoro brwyinvalebiT gaocebuli
qarTveli mitropoliti miRebuli wesebis Sesabamisad qebas Seasxamda
imperators, magram moxda gasaocari ram, genaTelma eqvTimem `neroni~ uwoda
`sisxlian imperators, romelmac daxoca xalxi jer 1810 wels, Semdeg ki 181920 wlebSi, saqarTvelos daTrgunvasTan erTad~ - ganacxada 100 wlis Semdeg
wmida ambrosi xelaiam. genaTeli mitropoliti, romelsac imperatorTan
Sexvedris Semdeg gaTavisuflebas hpirdebodnen, daapatimres da moaTavses
peterburgidan 200 km. daSorebul sviris mosanterSi, sadac male 1822 wlis 21
marts gardaicvala. is mowamis SaravandediTaa Semkobili.
ananurSi dosiTeos quTaTeli dausaflavebiaT eklesiaSi yovladwmida
RvTismSoblis xatis win. xatisagan saflavi daSorebuli yofila `or arSin
naxevriT~27. imJamindeli qronografebi xSirad werdnen dosiTeosisa da

eqvTimes ruseTSi gadasaxlebis Sesaxeb, maTTvis ucnobi yofila sikvdili

dosiTeos quTaTelisa. Cans, sazogadoebas umalavnen amas. amitomac maTTvis
ucnobi iyo ara mxolod dRe mitropolitis sikvdilisa, aramed welic,
magaliTad, erTi qronika aseTia: `1820 - genaTeli da quTaTeli ruseTs
waiyvanes da dakarges, Semoqmedis cixe mosWres da Semoqmedelebi daswves~28,
sxva qronika exeba TariRsac - `1820 quTaTeli da genaTeli waiyvanes ruseTs
martis mexuTe dResa29, e.i. 1820 wlis 5 marts mitropolitebi ruseTisaken
gaugzavniaT, albaT, ramdenime dRis Semdeg mokles moxuci mRvdelmTavari.
SeiZleba daisvas kiTxva, acnobierebdnen Tu ara rusi xelisufalni
TavianT qmedebas, hqondaT Tu ara maT informacia dosiTeos quTaTelisa da
eqvTime genaTelis Sesaxeb? unda iTqavs, rom rusi xelisufleba am
mRvdelmTavrebs kargad icnobda saqarTveloSi Semosvlis dRidanve, radganac
isini xSirad monawileobdnen diplomatiur molaparakebebSi, romelsac
imereTis samefo awarmoebda ruseTis mTavrobasTan 1804-1810 wlebSi. genaTel
mitropolits didad endoboda solomon II, amitomac Tavis warmomadgenlad
niSnavda rusebTan molaparakebebis dros 1809-1810 wlebSi, ufro metic, eqvTime
gahyva solomon II-s TbilisSi, sadac mefe motyuebiT daapatimres, rac, cxadia,
moulodneli iyo mTvdelmTavrisaTvis da mis motyuebasac warmoadgenda.
Tbilisidan solomon II-m moaxerxa gaqceva. `gaqcevidan erTi kviris Semdeg,
1810 wlis 17 maiss, solomon II-m axalcixidan werili miswera imereTis
kaTalikoss dosiTeos quTaTels, saidanac naTlad Cans, rom igi Tavisi
uflebebis
aRdgenisaTvis
emzadeboda~30.
m.gonikaSvili,
Cans,
wyaroze
dayrdnobiT `kaTalikoss~ uwodebs dosiTeos quTaTels.
saerTod, unda aRiniSnos, rom dosiTeos quTaTeli mTel saqarTveloSi
saxelganTqmuli saeklesio moRvawe iyo. osmalTa SemosevaTa Sedegad
gauqmebuli quTaisis saepiskoposo kaTedra aRadgina imereTis saeklesio
krebam 1759 wels mefe solomon I-is nebiT xresilis omSi gamarjvebisa da
saxelmwifoebriobis ganmtkicebis Semdeg. dosiTeoz quTaTeli episkoposis
avtoriteti qveyanaSi gaizarda. 1798 wels solomon II-m mas kaTalikosoba
uboZa abxaz-imerTa kaTalikosis maqsimes gardacvalebis Semdeg. mefe
solomoni amis Sesaxeb werda kidec erT-erTi saeklesio mamulis gujarSi:
`...amis Semdgomad quTaTel mitropolits dosiTeozs kaTalikosoba vuboZeT...
mamuli, adgili, tye biWvintisa RvTismSobelisa aris... yovelive am adgilebisa
da mamulebisa gamosavali kaTalikozisa mierTmeodes ucileblad yovelTa
kacTa mier~31. sakaTalikosos mamulebs biWvintis RvTismSoblis qoneba
ewodeboda. quTaisi mtris mier dangreuli iyo sakaTedro taZarTan erTad. 120
wlis manZilze mis cixeSi mtris jari idga. dosiTeos quTaTels gadauwyvetia
aRedgina ara mxolod quTaisis saepiskoposo (eparqia), aramed gadaeqcia
quTaisi erT-erT sasuliero centrad, Seuqmnia iq stamba, TbilisSi rusebis
mier erovnuli centrebis da, maT Soris, sastambo saqmis gauqmebis Semdeg 1803
wels 15 ianvars quTaisSi daustambiaT `saRmrTo da samRvdlo saxareba vnebis
kviriakisa~ solomon II-is saxsrebiT, dedoflis SewevniT, mitropolitTa da
episkoposTa
kurTxeviT32.
dosiTeoz
quTaTels
auSenebia
quTaisSi
rezidenciac. ioane bagrationi Tavis TxzulebaSi quTaisSi Casul ber
stumars aTqmevinebs - `bers didad moewona quTaTelis saxlis mdebareoba da
gardasaxedavi adgili, romelic sWvretda dids adgils da TvalTaTvis saamo
iyo. berman moaxsena: yovlad samRvdelo mitropolito, ra imereTis adgilebSi

Semovel, jer amis metaT Cem Tvalsa ara amebia ra, sxva adgilni, romelmac
momca mxiaruleba gulisa~33.
quTaTelis sasaxle gadahyurebda `vake imereTs~. es saeklesio centri
dosiTeozs mtrisagan daqceul quTaisSi augia imereTSi erT-erT yvelaze
lamaz adgilas. TviTon imereTis silamazis Sesafaseblad ki SeiZleba
moviyvanoT mefe solomon UII-is sityvebi, roca mas daupires ruseTSi
gadasaxleba da peterburgis sasaxleebSi dabinaveba, mefes ganucxadebia:
`imereTi RvTiuri samoTxea da erTaderTi sasaxle misi mefisaTvis. amitom
Tqveni peterburgis darbazebi me ver momxiblavs~34. solomon II-is mefobis
dawyebamde, roca imereTis saxelmwifoebrioba da saeklesio cxovreba
aRorZinda, mTelma imereTis sazogadoebam gadawyvita uari eTqva sakuTar
saxelmwifoze da gaerTianebuliyvnen erT samefod qarTl-kaxeTis samefosTan
erTad, erTerTi sulisCamdgmelni am ideisa iyvnen mitropolitebi. am dros
momavali solomon II iyo aTi wlisa (jer taxtze asuli ar iyo). `imereTis
warCinebulni Seikribnen da gamogzavnes despani erekle mefesTan martSi (1789
w.): dosiTeos quTaTeli, eqvTime genaTeli, sardali qaixosro wereTeli... da
sxvebi. amaT sTxoves erekles imereTis SemoerTeba qarTl-kaxeTis samefosTan.
bevri bWobis Semdeg, darejan dedoflis gaiqesobiT CaiSala es brwyinvale
saqme~35.
platon ioseliani wers, rom kaTalikosi anton II, mRvdelmTavrebi,
Tavadebi, sardalni, saxlTuxucesni, mdivanbegni qarTl-kaxeTisa, imerel
diplomatebTan erTad iTxovdnen gaerTianebas. dedofali winaaRmdegi iyo.
`quTaTeli da genaTeli, abaSiZe da sxvani despanni mouTxrobdes dedofals
imereTis mdgomareobasa da sruliad daRupvasa, ukueTu ar moxdeba erToba
qarTvelTa Tana~36. am elCobas Sedegad mohyva 1790 wels erTobis traqtatis
dadeba `zemo iveriis~ (anu qarTl-kaxeTis samefosa) da `qvemo iveriis~ (e.i.
imereTis,
samegrelosa
da
guriis
samefo-samTavros)
saxelmwifoebriv
erTeulTa Soris. imereTis taxtze ki avida solomon II.
yovelive zemoT CamoTvlilisa da sxvaTa gamo, cxadia, rusulma
xelisuflebam kargad icoda dosiTeoz quTaTelisa da eqvTime genaTelis
vinaoba da mniSvneloba saqarTvelosaTvis. wmida aRmsarebeli kaTalikospatriarqi
ambrosi
xelaia
siamayiT
acxadebda
rusul-bolSevikuri
sasamarTlos
winaSe:
`gansakuTrebiT
aRsaniSnavia
rusebis
dasavleT
saqarTveloSi damkvidrebis xana XIX s.
dasawyisSi. am dros eklesiis da
xalxis damcvelebad gamodian quTaTeli da genaTeli da xalxis ajanyebas
saTaveSi udgebian. orive gaagzavnes ruseTisaken, magram mxolod genaTelma
eqvTimem CaaRwia novRorodSi, sadac is unda daebinavebinaT. imperatorma
aleqsandre pirvelma moisurva misi naxva, Caiyvanes peterburgSi. imperatorma
didi zeimiT da pativiT miiRo, magram amisaTvis eqvTime genaTeli ar moerida
emxilebina imperatori saqarTvelos eklesiisa da eris Tavisuflebis
warTmevisaTvis, samSoblos damcvelebis wamebisaTvis. mas uwoda axali
neroni~37.
`imereTSi
saeklesio
ajanyebad~
cnobili
movlena
sinamdvileSi
warmoadgenda saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis dasacavad mimarTul
saxalxo protests38.

sabolood, ruseTis xelisuflebam mainc Caatara `saeklesio reforma~

dasavleT saqarTveloSi. gaauqmes samRvdelmTavro kaTedrebi. cxris nacvlad
datoves sami (imereTSi, guriasa da odiSSi). es reforma axla ukve frTxilad,
wlebis manZilze grZeldeboda.
ruseTis mier saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebis Sedegad,
SeibRala ara mxolod eklesiis TavisTavadoba, aramed qarTulma eklesiam
saukunod dakarga sazogadoebasa da saxelmwifoSi is mdgomareoba da adgili,
romelic misTvis tradiciuli iyo IV saukunidan XIX saukunemde.
qarTul eklesias rusulma xelisuflebam CamoarTva mTeli qoneba,
mamulebi, saxlebi, saeklesio glexebi, aznaurebi. rogorc aRiniSna, XIX
saukunis 50-ian wlebSi ruseTis saxelmwifo xazinas gadaeca 150 milion
oqros maneTad Sefasebuli qarTuli eklesiis qoneba da masTan erTad TiTqmis
naxevar milion desetinamde miwa.
Zvelad wmidanad Seracxva xdeboda mTeli morwmune sazogadoebis mier,
bagrat batoniSvilis gadmocemiT, oTxi piri, romelTac imereTis mefe
solomon II-es daxmareba gauwies gaqcevis dros, rusebma daxvrites. `oTxive
daasaflaves avlabarSi, mindorze, romelTa saflavTa zeda daadgaT naTeli
zegardmo
da
Seiracxnen
wmidaTa
Soris~39.
maTi
gvarebi
yofila
avTandilaSvili (avTandilovi), pentelaSvili (pentelovi), falavandovi
(falavandiSvili) da murasaSvilma (murasovi). mefisaTvis Tavdadebuli es
wmidanebi dauxvretiaT `TofiTa avlabris riyesa zeda~ 1810 wlis 30 dekembers,
paraskevs. policmeisteri TumaniSvili (Tumanovi) werda: `mebrZana wina Rames,
raTa damesxmevina riyezed oTxi boZni da mas zeda misakvreni Tokni da
TvalTa sakvrelni samoselni da agreTve mRvdeli Cvenis berZeni~ (e.i.
marTlmadidbeli)40.
rogorc aRiniSna, isini avlabarSi dausaflavebiaT mindorze. mematianis
cnobiT, saflavebs zegadrmo naTeli dadgomia da isini wmidaTa Soris
Seracxulan. cxadia, rusul sinods ar gamoutania dadgenileba maTi wmidanad
Seracxvis Sesaxeb, aramed mTeli sazogadoebis azri dajerebuli yofila, rom
mefisaTvis Tavdadebulni wmidanebad Seiracxnen (qarTuli sazogadoebisaTvis
Tavdadebuli ioTam zedginiZe, romelmac mosaklavad gamzadebuli mefis
sawolSi Cawva, wmidani iyo. axla ki, XIX saukuneSi mefisaTvis Tavdadebuli
`TabukaSvili~, romelic solomon II-is sawolSi Cawva da mefe sircxvilsa da
sikvdils gadaarCina, ruseTis xelisuflebam cimbirSi gadaasaxla, sxvebTan
erTad).
zemoaRniSnulTa darad, qarTul eklesias XIX
saukunesa da XX s.
dasawyisSi wmidanad miaCnda dosiTeos quTaTeli da eqvTime genaTeli. es Cans
kaTalikos-patriarq leonidesa da wmida ambrosis nawerebidan. dosiTeosma da
eqvTimem Tavi dades, sicocxle Seswires saqarTvelosa da saqarTveloSi Cveni
uflis da macxovris ieso qristes eklesiis Tavisuflebas. maTi Rvawli imis
Semdeg ufro gamoCnda, rac qarTuli eklesiis damoukideblobis mospobis
Semdeg rusulma eklesiam ver moaxerxa qarTuli samwysos movla, Cakla masSi
mgznebare da mxurvale siyvaruli qristianobisa da eklesiisa, rasac
mudamJams aRniSnavdnen qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis momxreebi XX
saukunis dasawyisSi.

avtokefaluri moZraobis Casaxva

1819-1820 wlebis imereTis cnobili `saeklesio ajanyebis~ CaxSobis Semdeg
qarTuli eklesiisadmi yovelgvari mzrunvelobis gamovlenas ruseTis imperia
represiebiT pasuxobda. gansakuTrebiT 1832 wlis SeTqmulebis Semdeg, romlis
erT-erTi umTavresi ideologebi beri filadelfos kiknaZe da sasuliero
wodebis wridan gamosuli solomon dodaSvili iyvnen. represiaTa SiSiT
daTrgunuli sazogadoeba qarTuli elesiis TavisTavadobis gauqmebasa da
rusTa saxelmwifos mier 1850 wels misi mrvalmilioniani qonebis (mamulebis,
yma glexebis) misakuTrebas, sruli dumiliT Sexvda. qarTvelobas sabolood
gaagebines, rom yofili qarTuli eklesia ruseTis kanonebis Sesabamisad
saxelmwifos xelSi iyo moqceuli.
ruseTis eklesiis sinodi daubrkoleblad, qarTvelTagan ukiTxavad Wrida
saqarTvelos saegzarqosos yovel sakiTxs. qarTvelobas, rogorc zogierTi
cnobidan Cans, fiqradac ar modioda eklesiuri damoukideblobis aRdgenis
SesaZlebloba. magram, miuxedavad amisa, TiTqmis yovelTvis (gansakuTrebiT ki
XIX s. 70-iani wlebidan) sazogadoebrivi azris yoveli moZraoba saqarTvelos
eklesiis sakiTxs moulodnelad amoativtivebda xolme, rac udides
`dabrkolebis lods~ warmoadgenda xelisuflebisaTvis. magaliTad, rodesac
rusma xelisuflebam gadawyvita qarTveli eris danawevrebis mizniT
samegrelos skolebidan qarTuli enis gandevna, saqme damTavrda sasuliero
seminariis reqtor Cudeckis mkvlelobiT, amiTYaRSfoTebuli rusi egzarqosis
mrisxanebas mohyva dimitri yifianis gadasaxleba da mokvla. qarTveli
sazogadoebisaTvis naTeli gaxda, rom eklesiis qarTveli meTauri ar
ikadrebda imas, rac qarTvelTa mimarT eklesiis rusma meTaurma ikadra.
qarTveli kaTalikosi sanatrel mogonebad warmoCnda (SeiZleba SevadaroT,
rom sazogadoebrivi azri XIX s. dasawyisSi arc Tu Rirseulad moixseniebda
kaTalikosebs da bolo kaTalikos anton II-is saeklesio wesrigs, mas qaosSi
adanaSaulebdnen). qarTuli enisa da saerTod yovelive qarTulis devnaSeviwroebis dros (ianovsk-vostorgovis msgavsi rusi moxele-samRvdeloebis
mier) erovnul enasa da eklesias TavdadebiT qomagobdnen da TavganwirviT
patronobdnen qarTveli episkoposebi - wmida gabriel qiqoZe, aleqsandre
oqropiriZe da sxvebi. sazogadoeba TandaTan rwmundeba, rom qarTvelobisa da
erovnuli sarwmunoebis patron-qomagi momavalSi unda yofiliyo qarTuli
eklesia, misi sulieri mamebi, iseve, rogorc iyo warsulSi.
yovelive aman da agreTve qvemoT ganxilulma sakiTxebma, Seqmna
sazogadoebrivi Tvalsazrisis foni, rom qarTuli eklesiis sakiTxi uTuod
unda mogvarebuliyo, magram rogor, aravin icoda. rogorc Cans, misi
damoukideblobis
aRdgena
mxolod
CurCulis
sagans
warmoadgenda.
avtokefaliis sakiTxis pirdapir wamoyenebas nikoloz durnovos uSiSarma
werilebmac misca biZgi. nikoloz durnovo iyo slavofili, mowinaaRmdege
petre I-is Semdgomi ruseTis mowyobisa da momxre petremdeli viTarebis

aRdgenisa. slavofilebs surdaT ruseTSi eklesiis marTvis sinodaluri wesis

gauqmeba, patriarqobis institutis aRdgena. saerTod slavofilebs didi
mxardaWera hqondaT ruseTis umaRles wreebSi, TviTon n. durnovo am wres
ekuTvnoda, iyo profesori da Zma Sinagan saqmeTa ministrisa. igi, rogorc
vTqviT, uSiSrad akritikebda sinodaluri sistemis muSaobas ruseTSi, da
imperiis nawil saqarTveloSi. qarTuli eklesiis avbedobisaTvis igi
pasuxismgeblobas miawerda ara ruseTs, aramed sinods. n.durnovos rolis
Sesaxeb kirionma Semdegi ganacxada T.Jordanias saflavze `eqvsi weli
vswavlobdiT seminariaSi erTad da Semdeg akademiis damTavrebisa sxvadasxva
asparezze
mogvixda
samsaxuri...
iseTi
Zneli
dro
iyo
maSin,
rom
avtokefaliaze mxolod CurCuliT laparaki SegveZlo. gamoCnda ruseTSi
RvTisnieri da patiosani adamiani n.n. durnovo, romelic qadagebda Cveni
eklesiis avtokefaliazed. Cvenc amovudeqiT mas mxarSi da SevudeqiT saqmes~41.
sxvaTa
Soris,
imis
Sesaxeb,
rom
rusul
saeklesio
mmarTvelobas
saqarTveloSi winaaRmdegobas ar uwevdnen - wers ruseTis patriarqi tixonic.
man ruseTSi patriarqobis aRdgenis Semdeg 1918 wels epistoleTi mimarTa
qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs, romelSic kerZod naTqvami yofila: `saqarTvelos
SeerTeba ruseTTan erTi sazogado saeklesio mmarTvelobis qveS mTeli
saukunis
manZilze
araviTar
winaaRmdegobas
ar
iwvevda,
sinodis
gankargulebaSi imyofeba mravali sabuTi amierkavkasiis eparqiebSi misi
mmarTvelobis
keTilnayofierebis
dasamtkiceblad,
rasac
qarTveli
samRvdeloebac eTanxmeboda, yovladsamRvdelo kirionis wignSi `saqarTvelos
eklesiis mokle istoria XIX saukuneSi~ damowmebuli aris, rom saqarTvelos
SeerTebas ruseTTan mohyva daqveiTebaSi myof qarTvelTa saeklesio cxovrebis
aRorZineba~42
maSasadame, kirioni wignSi `saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria XIX saukuneSi~
miiCnevda, rom rusTa mmarTvelobis dros qarTuli eklesiis cxovreba
aRorZinda. aseTi mosazreba araa gasakviri. msgavsad fiqrobda qarTvel
sasuliero pirTa da saerTod qarTvelTa sakmaod didi nawili XX saukunemde,
amis dasturad moviyvanT ioane xelaSvilis, cnobili sasuliero piris,
Tvalsazriss, unda iTqvas, rom kaTalikos-patriarq leonides, romelmac
pasuxi gasca ruseTis patriarq tixonis epistoles, didi Sroma dasWirda imis
saCveneblad, rom kirionis aRniSnuli Tvalsazrisi rusTa mmarTvelobis dros
qarTuli
eklesiis
aRorZinebis
Sesaxeb,
sinamdvileSi
warmoadgenda
qarTvelTa damaxasiaTebel e.w. `sadRegrZelo sityvas~. leonide werda tixons
kirionis aRniSnuli wignis Sesaxeb - `maRal avtors zemodasaxelebul wignSi
gamoTqmuli azrebi Semdgom araerTgzis uaruyvia43. warsulSi Cveni cxovrebis
pirobebi TiTqmis SeuZlebels xdida simarTlis weras. amasTanave, unda
gvaxsovdes, rom yovladsamRvdelo kirionis zemonaCveneb wignakSi gamoTqmuli
Sexeduleba srulebiT ara hgulisxmobs mTeli qarTveli samRvdeloebis
azrsac, rogorc Sens uwmidesobas hgonia, es srulebiT SeuZlebelia,
radganac netarxsenebuli avtoris Sexeduleba mudam dagmobili iyo qarTveli
samRvdeloebis mier. saqarTvelos egzarqosebic ki ar iziarebdnen xsenebuli
avtoris azrs. rodesac mTavarepiskoposi platoni gaecno saqarTvelos
eklesiis mdgomareobas, pirdapir CaTvala igi tragizmiT aRsavsed da
ganadgurebisaken mimavlad~44.

axla vnaxoT, ras werda cnobili moZRvari ioane xelaSvili qarTuli

eklesiisa
da
samRvdeloebis
yofis
gaumjobesebis
Sesaxeb
rusTa
mmarTvelobis dros. igi 1819-1820 wlebis ajanyebis monawiles, arxangelskSi
gadasaxlebul (saldaTad msaxurobiT dasjil) Tavad niko iaSvils 1826 wels
werda: `...drosa Tqvensa, visaca moukvdebodes cocxali, egoden mkvdarsa ara
tirodnen, raodensaca Wirisufalni moelodnen aklebasa samRvdeloTagan.
xolo awindelsa Jamsa nebiTa zeda patronisasa ars damokidebul damarxva
mkvdrisa.
egreTve
eklesiebi
yovelive
[aRivso]
jvriTa,
xatebiTa,
SesamoslebiTa... Tavadni, aznaurni da erni uSiSroben urTierTisagan... aqvsT
oqrovani saukuno. Tavadni, aznaurni da mRvdelni SvilTa TvisTa aswaveben
Rramatikasa, ritorebasa, loRikasa, metafizikasa,
fizikasa,
iTikasa,
ReoRrafiasa, msoflio istoriasa, samxedro fortikaciasa da enebsa
evropiisasa~45. mRvdel ioane xelaSvilis azriT `ruseTTan SeerTebam
saqarTvelos moutana materialuri kulturis asparezze winsvla (`ganZRomiTa
da SemosiTa, saxlTa aRmarTviTa samsa da oTx Zgided da sarTulebad~),
qalaqebisa da soflebis gaSeneba, `uSiSroeba sparsTa, TurqTa da lekTagan~,
agreTve ganaTleba da `ayvaveba sibrZniTa, mecnierebiTa~46.
aseTi iyo oficialuri, Semdgom samRvdelo da saero pirTa Sefaseba
saqarTveloSi ruseTis saeklesio mmarTvelobisa. am Tvalsazriss XIX s.
bolosaTvis emxroboda umravlesoba. ruseTis msgavsad keTilmowyobili,
sufTad
garemontebuli
(ZiriTadad
kiriT
SeTeTrebuli)
taZrebi,
samRvdeloebis ase Tu ise socialuri uzrunvelyofa d sxva iwvevda
kmayofilebas, magram TandaTanobiT mozRvavda SefasebaTa meore nakadi. igi
gansakuTrebiT gamoiTqva ruseTTan saqarTvelos e.w. `SeerTebis~ me-100
wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT. rogorc vTqviT, saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebulma
imperiis aSkarad daufaravma gamarusebelma politikam Caafiqra qarTveloba
eklesiis yofis Sesaxebac. es kargad Cans ruseTis ministrTa komitetis
Tavmjdomarisadmi `yvela wodebis da xelobis~ pirTa mier gagzavnili
peticiidan, romelSic sxvadasxva erovnul sakiTxTan erTad ganxilulia
rusuli saxelmwifos qmedebani qarTuli eklesiis mimarT. kerZod, `...mTavrobam
gandevna qarTuli ena skolebidan... man gandevna qarTuli ena eklesiidan da
amiT qarTveli xalxis sarwmunoebrivi grZnoba Seuracxyo~. peticiaSi
sxvadasxva moTxovnaTa gverdiT erT-erTi exeba eklesias - `saqarTvelos
yovel kuTxeSi RvTismsaxureba sruldebodes qarTul enaze, qarTvelebisaTvis
ar unda iyos dabrkoleba saegzarqosoSi umaRlesi adgilebis misaRebad
(igulisxmeboda egzarqosad qarTvelis daniSvna), samrevlo skolebSi da
sasuliero saswavleblebSi moispos gamarusebeli politika~ da sxva47.
peticiaSi
moTxovna
`saqarTvelos
yovel
kuTxeSi
RvTismsaxureba
sruldebodes qarTul enaze~ gamowveuli iyo xelisufalTa mier samegrelos
eklesiebidan qarTuli enis gamoZevebis survilis sapirispirod.
amasTanave, wuxdnen qarTveli axalgazrda inteligentebic, rogorc
l.tolstoisadmi gagzavnili werilidan Cans, kerZod ruseTis mTavrobam
`...Selaxa uflebebi qarTuli enis da yvelafris, rac am enasTan iyo
dakavSirebuli da agreTve saqarTvelos eklesiisa. asi wlis sigrZeze ruseTis
mTavroba cdilobda waeSala qarTveli xalxis saxe da qarTvelebi
xelovnurad da Zalad gadaeqcia rusebad... gaitaca da gaZarcva qarTuli
monastrebi, aRkrZala wirva-locvis Sesruleba mosaxleobisaTvis gasageb

mSobliur enaze da bolos TviT qarTuli enac gandevna saeklesio samrevlo

skolebidanac ki~48.
qarTveli samRvdeloeba, Sefiqrianebuli
eklesiis yofiT, cdilobda
qarTuli eklesiis istoriis SeswavliT warmoeCina misi yofili sidiade da
mniSvenloba. magram istoriis Seswavlis gasaRebic ruseTis mTavrobis xelSi
iyo, amitomac isargebla 1901 wlis 12 ianvars saqarTvelos ruseTTan
`SeerTebis~ saiubileo TariRiT da imperatorsa da uwmides sinods mimarTa
TxovniT, raTa sankt-peterburgis sasuliero akademiis kaTedraze gaxsniliyo
qarTuli eklesiis istoriis ganyofileba.
savaraudoa, rom, Tu ara dimitri yifianis, episkopos gabrielisa da sxvaTa
Tavdadeba, romelTac Caafiqres qarTveloba eklesiis yofis Sesaxeb, albaT
sazogadoebaSi kidev didxans gagrZeldeboda leTargiuli Zilis mdgomareoba.
`arsaidan xma, arsiT Zaxili... rosRa gveRirsos Cven gaRviZeba~ - ase afasebda
imJamindel sazogadoebriv yofas wmida ilia marTali.
sazogadoeba gamoaRviZa gamoCenil qarTvelTa SeZaxilebma, rom ruseTis
xelisufleba apirebda qarTveli eris daSla-daqucmacebas da qarTuli enis
mospobas. igi ar dakmayofilda yovelgvari qarTuli erovnuli institutis,
maT Soris, eklesiis gauqmeba-garusebiT, axla TviT qarTveli eris daufaravi
garuseba da amisaTvis yovelgvari ukadrisi xerxis gamoyeneba daiwyo. erTerTi aseTi iyo samegrelos eklesiebidan da skolebidan qarTuli enis
gandevnis mcdeloba.
qarTuli enisa da saerTod erovnul minimalur saWiroebaTa dasacavad
yovladsamRvdelo episkoposi gabrieli XIX s. 70-ian, 80-ian wlebSi uSiSrad
gamodioda egzarqos evsevisa da rus gavlenian samoqalaqo pirTa - ianovskis,
zavadskisa, da sxvaTa winaaRmdeg, kicxavda maT politikas, mimarTuls
imisaken, raTa eklesia gadaeqciaT rusifikatorul zraxvaTa iaraRad, rogorc
cnobilia, isini devnidnen sasuliero skolebSi qarTvelobas, arbevdnen
qarTul saeklesio siwmindeebs, sinodi ki saqarTveloSi niSnavda iseT rus
mRvdelmTavrebsa da moZRvrebs, romelTac ar esmodaT samwysos ena, zneCveulebani, xalxis suli da xasiaTi, werda ruseTis patriarq tixons
patriarqi leonide. wyarod uTiTebda vinme tonkmelisis avtorobiT gamosul
wigns ` . rusebma miaRwies imas, rom
qarTvelobas CamoarTves da gaaruses bodbis, axtalis, biWvinTis, drandis,
simon kananelis, moqvis, safaris monastrebi. marTalia isini boloxans
faqtobrivad mitovebuli iyvnen qarTvelTa mier, magram maTSi erTi-ori
qarTveli beri Tu xucesi mainc trialebda da mosaxleobis TvalSi isini
qarTvelobis, qarTuli qristianobis udidesi kerebi iyvnen. axla ki,
aRniSnuli monastrebi iseT rus berTa xelSi aRmoCndnen, romelTaTvisac
qarTveloba iseve miuRebeli iyo, rogorc mahmadianoba. qarTvelobis udidesi
Zveli centrebi, monastrebi antiqarTul sabudrebad gadaiqcnen.
rogorc ilia marTali ambobda, episkoposi gabrieli `qristes jvriT
xelSi TavdadebiT idga Cveni enis mwed da mfarvelad~. XIX s. pirvel
naxevarSi saqarTvelos oficialur skolebSi qarTuli ena savaldebulo
sagnad iTvleboda. 1872 wlis Semodgomidan seminariebsa da sxva sasuliero
saswavleblebSi gauqmda qarTuli enis swavleba, 1875 wlidan seminariaSi
aikrZala saqarTvelos istoria, 1885 wlidan ianovskis mier gamoqveynebuli
cirkulariT qarTuli ena ganidevna skolebidan. 1880-iani wlebidan egzarqosma

pavlem seminariebSi akrZala qarTuli sasuliero da saero literaturis

swavleba, daiTxova qarTveli maswavleblebi.
episkoposi yovladsamRvdlo aleqsandre oqropiriZe 80-iani wlebidan
TavdebiT qomagobda qarTul enas peterburgel da sxva rus didmoxeleTa
winaSe, sakuTari xarjiT gamosca im droisaTvis uaRresad saWiro wignebi
sulxan-saba orbelianis `qarTuli leqsikoni~, da anton kaTalikosis `mzametyveleba~, ambrosi nekreselis `sityvani da moZRvrebani~, daicva Sio-mRvimis
monasteri garusebisagan, saTaveSi Caudga mis aRdgena-gamSvenebas, gamosca misi
istoriuli sabuTebi, iRwvoda samegrelos samrevlo skolebSi qarTuli enis
uflebaTa dacvisaTvis, amitomac igi guria-samegrelos eposkoposebidan
gadaayenes da mis nacvlad daniSnes qarTveli renegati episkoposi da
`fsiqopaTologiurad yvelaferi qarTulis mteri~ dimitri abaSiZe49. igi
xelisuflebas Txovda qarTuli ena aekrZala ara marto samegreloSi, aramed
mTeli saqarTvelos saeklesio skolebSi. TiTqosda qarTuli literatura
savse iyo RvTsmgmobeli da separatistuli azrebiT. es moxda XX s.
dasawyisSi, magram samegreloSi aRniSnuli procesi daiwyo saswavlo olqis
ufross ianovskis dros XIX s. bolo aTwleulebSi. ianovskis survili
qarTuli
enis
amogdebis
Sesaxeb
saswavlo
procesidan
pedagogiuri
dasabuTebiT sastikad gaakritikes qarTvelma moRvaweebma, axla man xelze
daixvia is garemoeba, rom salaparako svanuri da megruli enebi
gansxvavdebodnen literaturuli qarTulisagan da gadawyvita qarTuli enis
srulebiT gandevna samegrelosa da svaneTis skolebidan. am miznisaTvis man
gamoiyena ruseTSi xelisufalTa dakveTiT gamocemuli wigni, romelSic
dasabuTebuli iyo, rom megruli iyo ara dialeqti qarTuli enisa, aramed
TavisTavadi ena. iqamde, uZvelesi droidan qarTveloba miiCnevda, rom
saqarTveloSi arsebuli eTnojgufebis salaparako enebi iyvnen dialeqtebi
erTiani qarTuli enisa, warmoqmnilni droTa viTarebaSi mterTa SemoseviTa da
istoriul kataklizmaTa gamo, erTiani qarTuli enis daSla-danawevrebis
Sedegad, e.i. imeruli, kaxuri, mesxuri, fSauri, xevsuruli, svanuri, megruli,
guruli da sxva salaparako kiloebi miiCneodnen erTiani qarTuli enis
dialeqtebad an kilokavebad, amitomac werda vaxuSti vTqvaT megrelTa
Sesaxeb - `aqvsT Tvisica ena, garna wamxdari qarTulive~, aseTive azrisa iyo
sulxan-saba orbelianic sityva `JRurtulis~ ganmartebis dros igi ambobs `JRurtuli aris megrelTa mrudi laparaki~.
XIX s. bolosa da XX s. dasawyisSi rusul mecnierebaSi `ganswavlulma~
pirebma `mecnieruli~ kvlevebiT iwyes mtkiceba, rom Zveli (e.i. uswavleli)
qarTvelebi arasworni iyvnen megruli kilos igive qarTulad miCnevis gamo
( ) da rom megruli TavisTavadi enaa.
i.gogebaSvilma maT upasuxa: `megrelTa tomi qarTul enas yovelTvis Tvlida
Tavis ZiriTad mSoblur enad (deda-enad), xolo Tavis adgilobriv dialeqts,
rogorc mSobliur kilos~.
iakob gogebaSvilis dakvirvebiT, istoriul warsulSi samegrelo, rogorc
sxva kuTxeebi, xSirad damoukideblad arsebobda, aseT pirobebSic ki igi
yovelTvis warmoadgenda zogadqarTuli kulturis, mwerlobis, literaturis
uZvels centrs, imis gamo, rom TviT samegreloSive saukuneTa manZilze
qarTuli ena deda enad miaCndaT, megruli ki mis erT-erT kilod. igi werda
- `megrelebs advilad SeeZloT literaturulad gancalkevebuliyvnen, radgan

maTi samSoblo Zalian xSirad sargeblobda politikuri damoukideblobiT da

sakuTar beds TviTonve ganagebda. metic, ase YTu ise ganaTlebuli megrelebi
yovelTvis SesaniSnavad flobdnen qarTul saliteraturo enas, am mxriv
xSirad kidec sjobnidnen qarTul tomTa warmomadgenlebs~.
saerTod samegreloSi, iseve, rogorc mTel saqarTveloSi zeda fena anu
aznaurebi
(megrulad
zinosqua

aznauriSvilebi)
dabali
fenisagan
`margalebisagan~ Tavis Tavs mijnavdnen sxvadasxva saSualebebiT, salaparako
eniTac ki zinosquebis saojaxo, sasaubro ena, ise rogorc samegrelos
sasuliero wodebis ena, iyo daxvewili (e.i. saliteraturo) qarTuli ena,
xolo glexebis ena miaCndaT am saliteraturo qarTuli enis dauxvewav
socialur sametyvelo formad. amitomac ruseTamdel samegreloSi glexebis
`margalebis~ ena arasodes ar miuCneviaT mTeli samegrelos sasaubro anda
saliteraturo enad. aq, rogorc iTqva da rogorc miuTiTebs umdidresi
epigrafikuli masala, sxva mraval dokumentebTan erTad saxalxo, saqveyno
enas qarTuli ena warmoadgenda, Tumca ki administraciulad, rogorc
gogebaSvilic aRniSnavs, samegrelo xSirad TavisTavadobiT sargeblobda,
msgavsad saqarTvelos sxva feodaluri samTavroebisa.
ruseTis gabatonebis Semdeg samegrelos Tavad-aznauroba Camoacales
saqveyno (samegrelos) mmarTvelobas. amitomac, sasuliero wodeba iqca
samegreloSi saerTo-saxalxo, anu qarTuli enis mtvirTvelad, eklesiebSi
Zveleburadve qarTul enaze iyo gaCaRebuli wirva-locva, am mizezTa gamo
rusulma xelisuflebam gadawyvita rogorme samegrelos eklesiebidan
gaeZevebina
qarTuli.
ruseTis
saxalxo
ganaTlebis
saministrosadmi
daqvemdebarebulma kavkasiis saswavlo olqis mzrunvelma ianovskim gadawyvita
sruli gamodevna samegrelosa da svaneTis skolebidan qarTuli enis, anbanisa
da mwignobrobisa. dasavleT saqarTvelos Tavad-aznauroba daadga qarTuli
enis dacvis gzas da airCia winamZRolad (1885-86) dimitri yifiani. man wamoiwyo
brZola ianovskis winaaRmdeg. es gamwvavebuli brZola Sewyda peterburgis
Carevis Semdeg. imperatoris saxeliT yifians SeniSvna gamoucxades. s.kakabaZe
wers `am dros sakmaod blomad iyvnen Tbilisis seminariidan ara keTilsaimedo mizeziT daTxovnili qarTveli axalgazrdani. maT Soris iyvnen
narodnikuli ideebiT ganmsWvalulni pirnic. maTSi gaCnda azri moeklaT
mzrunveli ianovski, egzarqosi pavle anda Tbilisis seminariis reqtori dekanozi Cudecki. pirveli oris mokvla ar moeswro an ar moxerxda. rodesac
imave wris monawilem axalgazrda ioseb laRiaSvilma xanjliT mokla
seminariis reqtori Cudecki (1886 wlis maisSi). mokluli Cudeckis gasvenebaze
Tbilisis sionis taZarSi egzarqosma pavlem mTavarmarTeblis da maRal
mdgomareobis pirTa TandaswrebiT Tqva sityva, romelSic wyevliT moixsenia
is wre-garemo, saidanac Cndeba laRiaSvilisTana adamianebio. sityva, maSin
arsebul daZabul mdgomareobis gamo, gagebul iqna rogorc qarTveli xalxis
mimarT warmoTqmuli wyevla. qarTveloba TbilisSi da yvelgan moicva miTqmamoTqmam. dimitri yifianma moswera wyromiT savse werili eqzarqos pavles da
moTxova mas, rogorc qarTveli xalxis damawyevars, saqarTvelodan wasvla~50.
xelisuflebis mier yifianis azri CaiTvala ciliswamebad. igi imperator
aleqsandre III-is gankargulebiT gadayenebuli iqna quTaisis guberniis
TavadaznaurTa
winamZRolis
Tanamdebobidan
da
gadasaxlebul
iqna
stavropolSi (1886 w. oqtomberi), sadac mZarcvelebma mokles erTi wlis

Semdeg. 1897 wlis 8 noembers dakrZales TbilisSi, mamadaviTze, didad

pativcemuli qarTvelTa mier. miuxedavad aseTi msxverplisa, xelisuflebas ar
Seuwyvetia samegreloSi qarTuli enis winaaRmdeg brZola, Tumca ramdenadme
Senelebulad, frTxilad. axla amjobines am saqmis iniciatorad adgilobrivi
mkvidrebi warmoeCinaT. aseTi iyo yalbi sabuTebis SedegnaSi daxelovnebuli
vinme aSordia, romelmac 1889 wels rusuli anbanis mixedviT `SeTxza~
megruli anbani, xolo episkopos dimitri abaSiZis darad renegati qarTveli
cudi saxelis mqone zogierT samRvdelo pirebs megrulad aTargmninebda
qristianuli RvTismsaxurebis teqstebs (1888 w.) am wamowyebis gamo gaz.
`iveria~ 1889 wlis dasawyisSi werda: `...am mamaT oRond TavianTi faruli azri
saqmed aqcion da amas ki ar daeZeben, rom eris religiur grZnobas Selaxaven
da SebRalaven. am ociode wlis winad mTargmnelTa gundma kidevac gadaiRo
megrulze wirva-locva, magram rodesac eklesiaSi gaisma `WkvianurogenimodirTio~ xalxma igriala da lanZRva ginebiT gamovarda eklesiidan~51.
s.kakabaZe wers - `TviT megrelebis didi umetesoba mTavrobis am politikis
winaaRmdegi iyo. marTlac imave wlis aprilSi daba axal-senakSi samegrelos
samRvdeloebis krebam uaryo megrulad wirva-locvis SemoReba eklesiebSi da
sasuliero mTavrobis sayuradRebod aRniSna Tavis dadgenilebaSi, rom
megrulad wirva-locvis daweseba gamoiwvevs xalxSi mwvaleblobaso. aseT
dadgenilebaTa gamo megruli wirva-locvis sakiTxi samegrelos eklesiebSi
dasawyisSive CaiSala. megruli wirva-locvis gagonebac ki xalxs ar undoda.
damaxasiaTabelia, magaliTad, aseTi faqti, 1911 wels sofel walenjixaSi
mRvdelma kalandiam qarTulad Sesrulebul wirvaSi gauria ramdenime
asamaRlebeli megrulad, ramac aRaSfoTa iq damswreni. wirvis gaTavebisTanave
xalxma
scema
mRvdels,
imdenad
sastikad,
rom
cemaSi
monawileTa
gamosarkvevad xelisuflebis mier gagzavnili iqna zugdidis mazris
gamomZiebeli~52.
amis miuxedavad, mTavroba mainc cdilobda samegrelos skolebidan
qarTulis gamoZevebas, 1887 wels Seecadnen axalsenakis saTavadaznauro
skolaSi qarTulis nacvlad megrulis SemoRebas, rac ver SeZles. 1892 wels
gamosces rusuli enis saxelmZRvanelo `megruli skolebisaTvis~, 1899 wels
TbilisSi gamosces rusuli anbanis safuZvelze Seqmnili megruli sakiTxavi
wigni, 1902 wels saegzarqosos saeklesio skolebis meTvalyured dekanozma
vostorgovma SeimuSava gegma, romlis mixedviT qarTuli ena samegrelos
saeklesio-samrevlo skolebidan mTlianad unda gandevniliyo. am gegmis
Sesruleba daevala guria-samegrelos saepiskoposo sabWos. sabWom uari
ganacxada, amitomac gadaayenes Tanamdebobidan guria-samegrelos episkoposi
aleqsandre, romlis nacvlad, rogorc iTqva, daniSnes `renegati episkoposi
dimitri abaSiZe~53.
man Zalian moiwadina qarTuli enis akrZalva, peterburgSic gaagzavna
moTxovna am sakiTxze, magram mis mondomebas win aRudga samegrelos
sazogadoeba. `xsenebuli saswavleblis qarTveli (megreli) moswavleebi
gadaWriT am dadgenilebis winaaRmdeg wavidnen. samegrelos Tavadaznaurobam
gaagzavna peterburgSi sinodis ober-prokurorTan l.pobedonoscevTan vrceli
moxseneba, rom qarTuli ena aris Tavidanve saerTo mwignobruli ena yvela
qarTvelisaTvis, megrelebis CaTvliT da Txoulobdnen saeklesio skolebSi
winandeli mdgomareobis datovebas da megrelebis dacvas im pirTagan,

romelTac undaT, rom Cven, megrelebs, wagvarTvan Cveni mSobliuri qarTuli

enao (23 ivlisi, 1904 w.). mas xels awerda 113 megreli Tavadaznauri. pasuxis
miRebamde
gaificnen
samegrelos
skolebis
moswavleebi,
romlebic
moiTxovdnen qarTuli enis swavlebis SemoRebas. `gaficva imdenad seriozuli
iyo, rom samegreloSi iZulebuli gaxda Casuliyo quTaisis generalgubernatori~53.
sabolood, rogorc s.kakabaZe wers, `dimitri yifianis brZolas ar Cauvlia
uSedegod, mTavrobam Seanela, xolo 1905 wlis revoluciis Semdeg savsebiT
ukuagdo danarCeni qarTvelebisagan megrelebis gaTiSvis politika. qarTveli
xalxis istoriuli mTlianoba kidev ufro ganmtkicda~54.
qarTuli ena idevneboda ara mxolod samegreloSi, aramed saerTod
saqarTveloSi,
gansakuTrebiT
ki
mterTagan
eTnikurad
dazaralebul
provinciebSi. magaliTad, Sida qarTlis mTianeTSi jer garkveul politikursarwmunoebrivi mosazrebiT mkvidr qarTul mosaxleobas Caunerges osuri
TviTSemecneba, Semdeg ki Seecadnen qarTuli enis gandevnas am provinciis
eklesiebidan da iq osuri saRvTismsaxuro enis danergvas. aseve iyo yvelgan.
samcxe-javaxeTSi mahmadiani qarTvelebis erovnul-qarTul TviTSemecnebas
ebrZodnen iseTi mizandasaxulobiT, rom ruseTis sazRvrebSi (samcxejavaxeTSi) mcxovrebi qarTveli mahmadianebi zizRiT iviwyebdnen qarTuli enis
codnasa da Tvis `gurjobas~, maSin roca osmaleTSi mcxovrebma qarTvelma
mahmadanebma Seinaxes rogorc eTnoTviTsaxelwodeba - `gurji~, aseve qarTuli
enis codna. rusebis dros qarTveli grigorianelebi sabolood gasomxdnen.
amis erT-erTi mizezi iyo is, rom ruseTis imperia aSkarad mfarvelobda
somxur eklesias, icavda mis TavisTavadobas, ar Sexebia mis avtokefalurobas,
xolo qarTuli eklesia TiTqmis Ygaaqro saimperio eklesiis wiaRSi.
s.kakabaZe wers: `somxis burJuazia, yvelaze Zlieri amierkavkasiaSi Tavisi
SewirulobebiT, kvebavda somxur eklesias, erTaderT organizacias, romelsac
ruseTis mTavroba xels ver axlebda, radganac, somxebis eklesias hqonda
Tavisi sakuTari damoukidebeli organizacia kaTalikoziT saTaveSi. somxur
eklesiebTan yvelgan gaxsnili iyo somxur enaze samrevlo skolebi. somxebs
hqondaT sasuliero saSualo saswavleblebic (seminariebi, erTi maTgani
TbilisSi), hqondaT eCmiaZinSi umaRlesi saswavleblebic, sasuliero akademia.
yvelgan swavla warmoebda somxur enaze. ruseTis mTavrobam moindoma
gaeuqmebina somxebis es faqtobrivi avtonomia nacionaluri kulturis dargSi
da amitom CamoarTva somxur eklesiebs qoneba (saxlebi, miwebi da sxva), riTac
nivTieri safuZveli ecleboda am skolebis arseboba. amis sapasuxod
daSnakcuTinma gaaZliera Tavisi moqmedeba saxelmwifoSi da garegnulad
SeiniRba rusi narodnikebis da axla kidev socialist-revolucionerebis
programasTan axlo myofi programiT. namdvilad ki is ibrZoda mxolod
erovnuli sakiTxebisaTvis. daSnakcuTinma TbilisSi da sxvaganac amierkavkasiaSi Seqmna mTeli jari
kargad SeiaraRebuli da gawvrTnili e.w.
zinvorebis (zinvori meomars niSnavs). zinvorebis raodenoba amierkavkasiaSi
40 aTas kacamdis aRwevda. zinvorebis mzadeba xdeboda saidulomd, ise, rom
rodesac 1905 wlis 17 oqtombris manifestis gamocemis gamo sademonstraciod
daSnakcuTinma Tbilisis quCebSi gaatara Tavisi zinvorebi aTaseulebad
dawyobili, yvela saxtad darCa. aseTi mzadebis garda daSnakcuTinma
osmaleTis somxeTis msgavsad amierkavkasiaSi mimarTa terors da moawyo

Tavdasxma kavkasiis mTavarmarTebel Tavad golicinze, romelic mZimed daiWra.

SemdegSi
axalma
namestnikma
voroncov-daSkovma
gamoiTxova
somxuri
saeklesio mamulebis konfiskaciis Sesaxeb kanonis gauqmeba da somxur
eklesias yvelaferi ukan daubruna. amis Semdeg daSnakcuTinma Tavi daaneba
ruseTis carizmTan brZolas~55.
ase rom, 1905 wlisaTvis somxurma eklesiam ukanve daibruna Tavis qoneba
(mamulebi da sxva).
rusebis qarTvelTdamTrgunveli politikis wyalobiT XIX saukuneSi
qarTvelebi mravlad somxdebodnen grigorianuli eklesiis wevrad gadaqceviT
(qarTuli eklesiis ara mxolod dasustebam, aramed misi erovnuli-saxalxo
saxis dakargvam didi gavlena iqonia). aRmoCnda, rom somxuri eklesia ufro
iyo daaxloebuli xalxis (maT Soris qarTvelTa) yofa-cxovrebasTan. ubralo
adamianebis gasomxeba Tvalxiluli movlena iyo, gansakuTrebiT TvalSisacemi
iyo gamoCenili adamianebis gasomxeba. `somxur burJuaziul wreebs XIX s. II
naxevarSi ematebian qarTveli grigorianebi, romlebic iyvnen qarTuli
warmoSobis an mTlad mama-papiT qarTuli Segnebis mqoneni. magram, radganac
religiurad isini dakavSirebulni iyvnen somxur eklesiasTan, amitom somxis
burJuaziis aRmavlobasTan dakavSirebiT maT Soris fexs ikidebs somxuri
Segneba. ase, magaliTad, kapitalisti mirzaSvili, qarTveli aznauri, TandaTan
gadadis somxur Segnebaze, aseTive bedi ewia izmailaSvilebs, Tavad
bebuTaSvilebs da sxvebs. qarTveli patriotis mixeil TumaniSvilis Svili
giorgi TumaniSvili, TviTonac didxans qarTveli sazogado moRvawe, 1890-ian
wlebSi gagadis somxur Segnebaze, Tumca man (sxva Tavis msgavsebTan erTad)
somxuri srulebiT ar icoda~56.
TbilisSi mcxovrebma qarTvelma grigorianelebma, e.i. im qarTvelebma,
romelnic somxuri eklesiis mrevls warmoadgendnen, ar icodnen somxuri ena,
radgan maTi mSobliuri ena iyo mama-papaTa qarTuli ena. ase iyo rusebis
saqarTveloSi damkvidrebamde. rusebma moiTxoves, raTa yvela grigorianels,
eswavla
somxurenovan
skolebSi.
qarTveli
grigorianelebi
Seiyvanes
somxurenovan skolebSi, qarTvel bavSvebs ki maTTvis ucxo somxuri ena ar
esmodaT. s. kakabaZe wers: - `1870-ian wlebSi somexi mRvdeli Tbilisis vaJTa I
gimnaziasTan iZulebuli gaxda
eswavlebina saRvTo sjuli rusul enaze,
radganac mowafe somxebs ar esmodaT mSobliuri ena (es aixsneboda ara
xsenebuli mowafeTa garusebiT, aramed imiT, rom Tbilisel somxebis
mniSvnelovani nawilis mSobliuri ena am drosac iyo qarTuli. somxuri maT
ar icodnen)~57.
qarTvelebs xSirad ar surdaT rusulenovan skolebSi bavSvebis Seyvana,
risi erTi mizezi iyo skolebSi gamefebuli sisastike da rusuli enis
ucodinaroba. am mxriv zogierTi regionis qarTvelebisaTvis somxuri skolebi
ufro mimzidveli Canda, rogorc iTqva, somxuri saskolo reJimi ufro iyo
daaxloebuli xalxis bunebriv yofacxovrebasTan. bunebriv garemos emateboda
is, rom bavSvebis umravlesobam qarTuli ena kargad icoda, aseve es ena
maswavleblebmac icodnen. amitomac qarTveli bavSvebi zogierT regionSi
somxur skolebSi SeyavdaT (rogorc iTqva, saqarTveloSi XIX saukuneSi
qristianTaTvis
mxolod
rusulenovani
da
somxurenovani
skolebi
funqcionirebda. es ukanasknelni somxuri saeklesio mamulebis SemosavlebiTa
da SemowirulobebiT arsebobda). s.kakabaZe wers, rom marTlamdidebluri

skolebi arusebdnen qarTvel mosaxleobas `mahmadianuri skolebi aTurqebdnen

mosaxleobas, xolo somxuri skolebi ki asomxebdnen qarTulad molaparake
arasomex grigorianebsac~58.
saqarTveloSi qarTuli mosaxleobis erTi nawilis ara mxolod garuseba
da gasomxeba xdeboda, aramed sxvadasxva provinciebSi galekeba, gaoseba da
gaTaTreba. XVII s-is afxazeTSi adiRe-Cerqezebis gabatonebis Semdeg
afxazeTSi sazogadoeba (mosaxleoba) fenebad (wodebebad) iyo dayofili.
ukanasknel klass Seadgenda damonebul-daymevebuli mkvidri mosaxleoba, maT
agiruas e.i. megrels uwodebdnen (agirua, agurua megrelsac da gurulsac
niSnavs, es saxeli nawarmoebi unda iyos Zirisagan - `gur~, gurji, e.i.
qarTvelisagan). agruebi mona `axaSalebTan~ erTad axoius (samurzayanoSi
dolmaxares) klasSi Sedioda. axaSala martoxela mona iyo, Tu cols
SeirTavda axoiue xdeboda. `axues meore saxelwodeba agrua niSnavs megrels.
afxazebi winaT awarmoebdnen zRviT da xmeleTiT Tavdasxmebs odiSze,
itacebdnen megrelebs da asaxlebdnen maT TavisTan naxevrad monur pirobebSi.
aqedan tomobrivi saxeli agrua gadaiqca afxazebSi monis aRmniSvnel
sityvad~59. afxazeTSi, s.kakabaZis TqmiT, namdvil ymebad SeiZleboda
CaTvliliyvnen mxolod axuebi (e.i. qarTvelebi). ufro adre Crdilo kavkasiis
mTebidan Camosaxlebis Semdeg afsua-Cerqezebma, romelTac `afxazebi~ ewodaT
daiymeves da daimones mkvidri mosaxleoba, e.i. megrelebi (qarTvelebi),
amitomac megrelebi (qarTvelebi) afxazeTSi mona-ymebis saxlad iqca, maTi
batonymuri uRlisagan gaTavisufleba rusebma ver SeZles afxazTa 1866 wlis
ajanyebis gamo.
qristianuli samarTlianoba moiTxovda rusebs yoveli RonisZieba
gamoeyenebinaT, raTa gaeTavisuflebinaT afxazebis yma-monebi anu eTnikuri
qarTvelebi, Tundac imis gamo, rom es nawili afxazuri sazogadoebisa
sarwmunoebrivad qristianebad miiCnevda Tavis Tavs da iyvnen kidec samwyso
qarTuli eklesiisa, afxazebis sazogadoebis sxva fenebTan erTad. afxazebis
batonobisagan qarTvelebis (agiruebis) gaTavisufleba ekomonikur safuZvels
gamoaclida afxazTa batonobas. rusebs surdaT aRmoefxvraT batonymoba
afxazeTSi. maT imperiis sxva marTlmadideblur mxareebSic aseve gaauqmes
batonymoba am droisaTvis, magram afxazeTSi es procesi gadaido. amis erTerTi mizezi unda yofiliyo is, rom afxazeTSi ara marto batonymuri, aramed
monaTmflobeluri urTierTdamokidebuleba arsebobda agirua-axoiuebsa da
maT mepatroneTa Soris, rusTa mier SemoTavazebuli e.w. `batonymobis
gauqmeba~ gamoiwvevda ara mxolod agiruebis gaTavisuflebas, aramed maT
moqalaqeobriv gaTanabrebas yofil mepatroneebTan, amis daSveba ki `afxazebs~
arafriT ar SeeZloT, radganac mona-yma agiruebs uyurebdnen ara rogorc
adamianebs, aramed rogorc cxovelebs, iseve rogorc Zvel saberZneTsa da
romSi ganixilavdnen monebs. monebTan moqalaqeobrivi gaTanabreba afxazebs
arafriT ar SeeZloT. qarTveli anu agirua (megreli) afxazTa TvalSi iyo
raRac
dadablebuli,
uuflebo
arseba,
romlebTanac
moqalaqeobrivi
Tanasworoba fsiqologiurad ver warmoedginaT.
ara mxolod afxazeTSi, aramed saqarTvelos zogierT sxva mxareSic
qarTvelebi Sua saukuneebSi aRmoCndnen sazogadoebis yvelaze daCagrul,
eqspluatirebul fenad. ase iyo Tanaxmad vaxuSti bagrationisa dvaleTis da
Sida qarTlis mTaSi, aq dvalebi (qarTvelebi) dabal fenad, xolo osebi maT

baton-mepatroneebad iqcnen. osur-dvalur sazogadoebaSi sityva `dvali~

araTavisufalis sinonimad iqca, xolo `osi~ - Tavisufali adamianisa. dvalebs
cxadia, surdaT dabali socialuri safexuridan maRalze asvla. e.i. yvela
dvals, gaTavisufleba anu `gaoseba~ surda. ase gaosebuli dvalebi anu ukve
`osebi~ XVIII saukunis Semdeg TandaTanobiT gadmosaxldnen dvaleTidan Sida
qarTlis mTianeTSi. aq isini ukve osobdnen, gabatondnen iq da Sesabamisi
fsiqologiuri klimatic Seqmnes (qarTlis mTianeTSi). `osad~ gadaqceva
agreTve gulisxmobda gabatonebulTa enis e.i. osuris SeTvisebasa da dabali
fenis enis anu dvaluris daviwyebasac.
sazogadod osebi Sida kavkasionis regionSi moxvdnen imis Semdeg, rac
maTi samefo (Crdilo-dasavleT imierkavkasiis vakeze) sastikad daamarcxes da
mospes monRolebma. osuri samxedro aristokratiis nawilma Tavi Seafara Sua
kavkasiis mTianeTs anu dvaleTs. maT SeZles dvaleTis dapyroba da iq
gabatoneba s.kakabaZe wers - `XIII saukuneebSi osebma iwyes gadmosvla
CrdiloeT kavkasiidan qarTlSi,
sadac maT daikaves kavkasionis qedis
samxreTiT mTa adgilebi. aq isini cxovrobdnen naxevrad damoukidebel
erTeulebad. osebis es Temobrivi erTeulebi awarmoebdnen Tavdasxmebs
qarTlis sxva nawilebze, TandaTanobiT osebis mosaxleobis farTobi
gaizarda~60.
osebis Temebis mier qarTlis mTianeTSi dapyrobil qarTul soflebsa Tu
dasaxlebul adgilebSi, cxadia, mkvidri qarTvelebi osebis gavlenis qveS
eqceodnen. TandaTanobiT iTvisebdnen osur enas, religiur warmodgenebsa da
Cvevebs e.i. qarTvelebi osdebodnen, amas xels isic uwyobda, rom `osebis
mosaxleobis farTobis gazrdis~ dros saqarTvelo daSlil-danawevrebuli
iyo, qarTlis samefos ki mTeli Tavisi yuradReba mipyrobili hqonda
samxreTisaken. rogorc zemoT aRiniSna `osoba~ ara marto eTnikuri vinaobis
aRmniSvneli termini iyo, aramed matarebeli iyo socialuri datvirTvisa,
kerZod, rogorc aRiniSna `osi~ - Tavisufal, dauqmemdebarebel adamiansac
niSnavda. qarTlis mTianeTSi qarTvel mebatoneTa xelqveS moqceuli qarTveli
yma-glexebisaTvis `osoba~ anu batonymobisagan gaTavisufleba - mimzidvelic
iyo. am mizezis gamo, rogorc Cans, qsnis erisTavis da maCablebis qarTveli
ymebi `osebad~ acxadebdnen TavianT Tavs da amiT gamoxatavdnen miswrafebas
gaTavisuflebisaken baton-ymuri damokidebulebisagan, Tumca, cxadia, am
memamuleTa miwebze osebic Camosaxldnen ufro maRali mTianeTidan. s.kakabaZe
wers - `XVII saukunSi osebi mohyvnen YTavad qsnis erisTavTa da maCablebis
xelqveiT~60. qarTveli mTielebis osebad gadagvarebis saqme gansakuTrebiT
intensiuri gaxda rusebis batonobis dros, ise, rom qarTlis Suaguli, Sida
qarTli `osebis~ (yofili qarTvelebis) xelSi aRmoCnda. qarTvelebis
gadagvarebas
sxvadasxva
mizezTan
(maT
Soris
religiurTan)
erTad
gansakuTrebiT uwyobda xels rusebis socialuri politika.
rogorc aRiniSna, qsnis erisTavTa da maCablebis yofil ymebs surdaT
Tavisufleba ymuri valdebulebebisagan da Tavs Tavisufal adamianebad
(osebad) acxadebdnen. imJamindeli viTarebis Sesabamisad Tavadis miwaze
mosaxle glexi, yma anda xizani unda yofiliyo. osebi swored am meore
kategorias xiznebs miakuTvnebdnen TavianT Tavs. rusuli kanonmdebloba
xels uSlida xiznebis gadaqcevas ymebad, `Tavisufal miwis mxvnelTa~ kanonis
Sesabamisad `xiznebi saqarTveloSic gadarCnen ymebad gadaqcevas~61. xiznebma

(e.i.
osebma
qarTlSi)
miaRwies
imas,
rom
`SeinarCunes
pirovnuli
damoukidebloba
TavianTi
memamuleebisagan~
(iqve,
gv.
236)
rusuli
kanonmdeblobis daxmarebiT. qarTlSi mcxovrebi qarTveli yma-glexoba mZime
uRelSi iyo Sebmuli, romlisaganac Tavis daRweva SeuZlebeli iyo, Tu ara
Tavisi Tavis `osad~ anu xiznad gamocxadebiT (am gamocxadebisaTvis saTanado
wesebi da pirobebi arsebobda). amis gamo qarTveli glexebi qarTlSi TavianT
Tavs masobrivad acxadebdnen osebad. xiznebis ricxvi Tbilisis guberniaSi
Zlier gamravlda `gansakuTrebiT es exeboda goris mazras, romelsac
xiznebad moawydnen osebi~62. 1917 wlis Tebervlis revoluciis Semdeg `xiznebs
daumtkicdaT maT xelSi myofi miwebi yovelgvari kompensaciis gadaxdis
gareSe, radganac, kerZod qarTlSi, xiznebis did umetesobas osebi Seadgenen,
amiT momzadda niadagi istoriuli qarTlis teritoriaze 1921 wlidan
samxreT-oseTis avtonomiis olqis daarsebisaTvis62.
msgavsi viTareba iyo saingiloSic (yofil aRmosavleT kaxeTSi). aq,
rogorc cnobilia, rusTa mflobelobis dawyebisas cxovrobdnen qarTveli
mahmadianebi, agreTve Camosaxlebuli lekebi da TaTrebi. rusTa batonobis
dros ara Tu ganmtkicda qarTvel mahmadianTa qarTuli erovnuli
TviTSemecneba, aramed piriqiT s.kakabaZis sityviT `qarTveli mahmadiani
mosaxleoba rusTa batonobis dros kargavda Tavis mSobliur enas~63.
`ingiloTa erTi nawili 1849 wlidan ubrundeboda isev qristianobas. amas
mohyva ruseTis samisionero moRvaweobis gaCaReba, ramac am mxareSi darCenili
qarTvel mahmadianTa mosaxleoba mTlad daafrTxo. gaqristianebis SiSiT
mahmadiani ingiloni exla TviT cdilobdnen qarTuli enis daviwyebas da
gadadiodnen lekursa da TaTrul enebze~63. lekur enaze gadasuli ingiloebi
galekdnen, TaTrul enaze gadasulni gaTaTrdnen. saboloo jamSi erT
dros aRmosavleT saqarTvelos udidesi qristianuli centri, romelsac
Semdeg saingilo ewoda gamahmadianda, mosaxleobam zurgi Seaqcia
qristianobas. Cvens mier gansaxilvel dros, meoce saukunis dasawyisSi
Semdgar krebaTa dros swored es momenti gauxsena rusulma eklesiam qarTul
eklesias, rom am ukanasknelma Rirseuli yuradReba ver miapyro aRmosavleT
kaxeTs (saingilos), romlis mosaxleobac daekarga saqristianos. kerZod, 1906
wlis ianvris bolos peterburgSi gamarTul wmida sinodis mier qarTul
saeklesio saqmeebTan dakavSirebiT gamarTul saTaTbiro krebaze qarTvelTa
gancxadebas, rom saqarTveloSi qristianobis avtoritetis Seryeva rusuli
wmida sinodis saqmianobam gamoiwvia, rusma mitropolitma vladimerma ase
upasuxa:
`sinodi
sad
iyo,
rodesac
zaqaTlis
olqis
qarTveloba
64
gamahmadianda?~ .
mitropolits
qarTvelma
episkoposebma
kirionma
da
leonidem jerovnad upasuxes, Tumca samwuxarod, isic unda iTqvas, rom XVIII
s-Si (rodesac mahmadianTa mier dapyrobil aRmosavleT kaxeTSi mosaxleobis
gamahmadianeba xdeboda) arc erT saeklesio krebas, rogorc moRweuli
masalidan Cans, ar miuRia arc erTi gadawyvetileba, ar ganucxadebia
protestic ki am Semzaravi momentis gamo. im dros, ara Tu saingiloSi,
saerTod
yvelgan
qveyanaSi
xdeboda
qarTvelebis
denacionalizacia,
ZiriTadad
rjulis
anu
qarTuli
qristianobis
(marTlmadideblobis)
ASecvlis gamo, imJamindeli (XVII-XVIII saukuneTa) krebebi ki mraval sakiTxze
msjelobdnen (maT Soris imazec ki, rom pirutyvis sityvieri Segineba ar
SeiZleboda) magram denacionalizacia, gadagvarebis sakiTxs gverds uvlidnen.

miuxedavad amisa, ruseTamdel saqarTveloSi rjulSecvlili qarTvelebi ar

uqmnidnen qarTvel ers iseT safrTxes, rogorsac rusTa batonobis dros XIXXX saukuneebSi, saqme is iyo, rom rusebamdel saqarTveloSi rjulSecvlili
qarTvelebi (kaTolikeni, grigorianebi, gawarmarTebuli) ase Tu ise kvlav
flobdnen qarTul enas, zne-Cveulebebs, ar wyvetdnen megobrul-naTesaur
kavSirebs darCenil qarTvel marTlmadideblebTan, rusebma ki rjulSecvlil
qarTvelebs TavianTi rjulis Sesabamisad Seuqmnes skolebi, misces TavianTi
rjulis Sesabamisi erovneba da rjulis Sesabamisad misces formireba maT
erovnul TviTSemecnebas, anu sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, qarTvel
grigorianelebs gauxsnes somxurenovani skolebi, sadac maT Seaswavles iqamde
maTTvis ucxo somxuri ena, somxeTis istoria, aqcies somex patriotebad da
erovnebiT somxebad (grigoriani qarTvelebi). aseve skolebis, wignebis (maT
Soris religiuris) gamoyenebaTa da sxvadasxva saSualebebiT osuri
TviTSemecneba
Camouyalibes
Sida
qarTlis
qarTvelobas,
afxazeTis
qarTvelobas
ki
afxazuri,
ruseTis sazRvrebSi moqceuli qarTveli
mahmadianebi sabolood gaaTaTres, daaviwebines `gurjoba~ da qarTuli ena,
aseve
xdeboda
yvelgan
saqarTveloSi,
marTlmadidebel
qarTvelTa
konsolidaciis gverdiT eri Tvalxilulad nawevrdeboda rusTa batonobis
dros, maT Soris saeklesio (sasuliero, saskolo) meTodebis gamoyenebiT, amas
ki veRar Seurigda qarTveli samRvdeloeba, romelmac gabeda ruseTis sinodis
winaaRmdeg xmis amoReba XX s. dasawyisSi, miT umetes, rom gaZlierebis
nacvlad, qarTvelTa Soris marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoeba araTu ganmtkicda,
aramed Seirya.

saeklesio krebebi 1905-1916 w.w. (19 kreba)

saqarTvelos eklesiis, viTarca avtokefaluri, damoukidebeli saeklesio
erTeulis aRdgenis moTxovnileba wamroiSva XIX s. bolosa da XX saukunis
dasawyisSi. kirion II fiqrobda, rom es idea dabada n.durnovos uSiSarma
werilebma. patriarq kalistrates ki miaCnda, rom amas misma gamokvlevam
`saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliam~ daudo safuZveli. ufro safiqrebelia,
rom TviT saqarTveloSive gaCnda aseTi moTxovnileba sazogadoebrivi azris
Camoyalibebis Sedegad. XX saukunis dasawyisisaTvis `saqarTvelo~, viTarca
erTiani administraciuli erTeuli ar arsebobda da es sityva (saqarTvelo)
mxolod adamianTa gonebaSi aRniSnavda dasavleT-aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
erTianobas. am sityvas rusi Cinovnikebi ebrZodnen kidec, radganac masSi
xedavdnen separatizmis saSiSroebas. aRsaniSnavi faqtia is, rom am dros es
sityva
`saqarTvelo~
Semoinaxa
qarTulma
eklesiam,
miuxedavad
misi
avtokefaliis gaqrobisa, qarTuli saeklesio erTeulis mmarTvelobas
ruseTis
imperiaSi
oficialurad
ewodeboda
`saqarTvelo-imereTis
sinodaluri kantora~, xolo mis meTaurs - `saqarTvelos egzarqosi~. amiT
avad Tu kargad ucxo imperiaSic ki qarTuli eklesia saqarTvelos
mTlianobis da arsis momgonebel-damcveli iyo. qarTul moazrovne wreebSi
XX s. dasawyisSi daibada ori idea: 1. ruseTis imperiis SemadgenlobaSi
aRdgeniliyo politikur-administraciuli erTeuli `saqarTvelo~, romelic
gaaerTianebda Tbilisisa da quTaisis guberniebs da zogierT mimdebare olqs.
2. aRdgeniliyo saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia. safiqrebelia, rom es

ideebi srulyofili saxiT Camoyalibda im did saorganizacio samzadisis

dros, rodesac ruseTis imperia 1901 wels apirebda sazeimod aReniSna
saqarTvelos ruseTTan `SeerTebis~ 100 wlisTavi. am droisaTvis, Cans, Cveni
didebulebi (am SemTxvevaSi didi moazrovneebi inteligentebi) kidev erTxel
darwmundnen, rom aRarc `saqarTvelo~arsebobda da aRarc misi eklesiis
avtokefalia. imperators saiubileod YTxoves (am Txovnis Sesadgenad wlebis
manZilze ikribebodnen) peterburgis sasuliero akademiaSi saqarTvelos
eklesiis istoriis ganyofilebis-kaTedris gaxsna. am dros, rogorc aRvniSneT,
albaT dafiqrdnen, rom saqarTvelo da misi eklesia imperiis wiaRSi iyvnen
gaTqvefilni. Cven vfiqrobT, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis
moTxovnam aRZra `saqarTvelos~, viTarca erTiani politikur-administraciuli
erTeulis, aRdgenis moTxovna. erT-erTi pirveli kreba, romelmac moiTxova
qarTuli eklesiis damoukideblobis aRdgena, Sedga 1904 wlis 27 dekembers. es
iyo ara samRvdeloebis, aramed Tavad-aznaurTa, literatorTa da Tavisufali
profesiis pirTa kreba~. rezolucia qarTvel Tavad-aznaurTa, literatorTa
da sxva Tavisufal profesiis pirTa kerZo krebisa `qarTveli Tavadaznaurebisa, mwerlebisa da sxva Tavisufali profesiebis warmomadgenelTa 27
dekembers, 1904 wels, kerZo krebaze tfilisSi, gaiTvaliswines ra qarTveli
eris gaWirvebuli mdgomareoba, daaskvnes: exlave saWirod iqnas cnobili...
aRdgena qarTuli eklesiis damoukideblobisa~ erTerTi pirveli mRaRadebeli
iyo prof. xaxanaSvili. sxva werilebTan erTad man ruseTis dedaqalaqis
gazeT `russkaia vedemostSi~ dabeWda grZeli werili qarTvelebis imperiaSi
yofnis Sesaxeb: qarTvelebs waerTvaT sakuTari eklesia, qarTuli wirvalocva. mRvdelmTavrebad gagzavnili rusebi masxrad igdebdnen qarTul enas
da sazogadod qarTvelebs `erTma maTganma ganacxada, qarTuli ena ZaRlis ena
ariso, qarTvelebis saeklesio galoba mglebis ymuili~65.
1904 wels, rogorc dasavleT, ise aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi tardeboda
saeklesio Sekrebani `avtokefaliis aRdgenis~ moTxovniT, magram isini
nakleborganizebulni iyvnen.
rogorc aRiniSna, Tbilisisa da quTaisis guberniebis qarTvelTa
saeklesio nawili cdilobda ruseTis imperiis farglebSi Seqmniliyo
mTliani administraciuli erTeuli `saqarTvelo~. amisaTvis 1905 wlis 1
aprils gaixsna Tbilisis guberniis Tavad-aznaurTa kreba, romelmac miiRo
adresi imperatorisadmi. adresSi, mimarTvaSi moiTxovdnen: `saqarTvelo~
cnobil iqnas imperiis nawilad~. iqve ganmartavdnen Tu ra moculobis
erTeuli unda yofiliyo igi - `saqarTvelo Sedgeba tfilisisa da quTaisis
guberniebis, baTumis, soxumis da zaqaTalis olqebisagan~66.
saeklesio samarTlis Tanaxmad eklesiis avtokefaliis erT-erTi umTavresi
safuZveli aris eklesiis momcveli qveynis politikuri damoukidebloba. aseTi
ram saqarTvelos eklesias ar gaaCnda. `saqarTvelo~ ara Tu politikurad iyo
damoukidebeli, aramed administraciuli erTeulis saxiTac ki ar arsebobda.
amitomac ukavSirdeboda erTmaneTs aseTi administraciuli erTeulis
Camoyalibebisa da avtokefaliis sakiTxi. Tumca isic unda iTqvas, rom imJamad
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis bazad miiCneoda `saqarTvelo-imereTis
saegzarqoso~, romelic marTlac aerTianebda eklesiurad im mxareebs, romlis
damoukidebel administraciul erTeulad gadaqcevisaTvis ikribeboda Tavadaznauroba da inteligencia. sxvaTa Soris, ruseTis sinodi mixvda amas da

Semdgom, avtokefaliis moTxovnaTa gazrdis kvaldakval scada saerTod

gaeuqmebina `saqarTvelos saegzarqoso~, daeyo igi Tbilisisa da quTaisis
erTmaneTisagan
damoukidebel
eparqiebad
(samTavarepiskoposoebad)
anda
daearsebina TbilisSi samitropolito, romelic moicavda ara mxolod
gauqmebul `saqarTvelos saegzarqosos~ teritorias, aramed sruliad
kavkasias, masSi arsebuli marTlmadidebeli mravalerovani mrevliT. magram
saqarTveloSi sxvagvarad fiqrobdnen.
1905 wlis aprilis TveSi Tbilisis kvaldakval Seikriba quTaisis
guberniis Tavadaznauroba. krebam xelmwife imperators gaugzavna mimarTva `adresi~, romelSic naTqvami iyo: `quTaisis guberniis Tavad-aznauroba
uerTdeba tfilisis guberniis qarTvel Tavadaznaurobis mier SemuSavebul
uqveSevrdomiles adresSi gamoTqmul survils... qarTveli eris dawynarebisa
da... ganviTarebisaTvis erTaderTi saSualeba is aris, rom saqarTvelos,
romelic Sesdgeba tfilisisa da quTaisis guberniebisagan, baTumis, soxumisa
da zaqaTlis olqebisagan, mieniWos ufleba Tavisi Sinauri saqmeebi
ganagos...~67.
1905 weli iyo areulobaTa, demonstraciaTa, krebaTa da mitingTa xana,
yvela cdilobda Tavisi azris gamoTqmas. xalxis erTi nawili, romelic
saxelmwifos ebrZoda, eklesias mis nawilad ganixilavda. xSiri iyo
eklesiaTa Zarcva-mtvreva, mkrexeloba. da, mainc, qarTvelma samRvdeloebam
erovnuli interesebi, miuxedavad imperiis mxriv sastiki represiebisa,
socialurze maRla daayena.
1. I kreba (1905 w. 15 marti). 1905 wlis 18 Tebervlis ruseTis imperatoris
mier gamocemuli `reskriptis~ mixedviT ruseTis imperiaSi gamocxadda sityvis
Tavisufleba - `xalxis sakeTildReod gamiznuli gardaqmnebis warmatebiT
ganxorcielebisaTvis~.
zemodan moTxovnili am e.w. `gardaqmnis~ safuZvelze, `kaTalikos-patriarq
kalistrates (`Cemi mogonebebidan~) cnobiT, man maSin dekanozis xarisxSi
myofma istorikos s.gorgaZesa da dekanoz a.ToTibaZesTan erTad gadawyvita
aReZraT saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaluri uflebebis aRdgenis sakiTxi.
s.gorgaZes unda Seedgina `qarTuli eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis proeqti~, xolo
k.cincaZes `peticia~ (gamiznuli mTavrobaSi gasagzavnad). peticiis proeqtis
gansaxilvelad Sedga kreba mRvdlebis korneli kekeliZis, nikita TalakvaZis,
nikoloz jaSis, qristefore cicqiSvilis, al. kontriZisa da saero pirebis,
maT Soris wm. e. TayaiSvilis monawileobiT. maT proeqti moiwones. martSi
furclebze dabeWdili proeqti ukve sajarod ixileboda, daaxleobiT 15
marts Sedga kreba kukiis wmida nikolozis eklesiis samrevlo skolaSi. am
krebas eswreboda inteligencia ilia WavWavaZis xelmZRvanelobiT, agreTve
rkinigzis muSakebi. krebam peticiis proeqti misaRebad miiCnia. martis bolos
gamarTa sajaro (eriskacTa da samRvdeloTa) kreba sionis dekanoz markoz
tyemalaZis binaSi. krebas eswreboda akaki wereTeli da niko nikolaZe. peticia
mowonobul
iqna.
gadawyda
es
peticia
xelisuflebas
gagzavnida
samRvdeloebis yrilobis saxeliT, romelic male unda mowveuliyo.
Tavis mxriv, 1905 wlis martis TveSi Sekrebilma imereTis samRvdeloebam
gabeda sja-baasisa da kamaTis dros `kaTalikosobis~ aRdgenaze xmis amiReba.

am krebas Cven qvemoT pirobiTad

moZraobis gzaze mowyobils.

meore

krebas

vuwodebT

avtokefaluri

2. 1905 wlis 16-22 marts Sedga e.w. `imereTis eparqiis samRvdeloebis

deputatTa 45-e kreba~ q.quTaisSi. sazogadod XIX s. bolomde ruseTis sinodis
miTiTebiT imperiis marTlmadidebeli eklesiis eparqiaTa samRvdeloebas mieca
miTiTeba
drodadro
Sekrebiliyvnen
saeklesio-saeparqio
sakiTxebis
gasarkvevad. es miTiTeba sruldeboda saqarTvelos eparqiebSi. erT-erTi aseTi
anu rigiT 45-e iyo Cvens mier gansaxilveli kreba, romelmac, rogorc
aRvniSneT, 1905 wlis Tavisufali suliskveTebis gamo gabeda da daayena
sakiTxi, `rom qarTul enaze iswavlebodes saRmrTo sjuli samrevlo
skolebSi~, da rom saRmrTo sjulis swavleba deda enaze yofiliyo. krebam
gabeda
da
ganacxada:
`umetesoba
deputatebisa
darwmunebulia,
rom
saswavleblebi CvenSi srulebiT Seicvlebian axali kaTalikosis dros~68.
bolos ki Tavis erTsulovnebiT gaTamamebulma krebam Seadgina peticia,
romelSic erT-erT muxlad Setanili iyo sakiTxi `saqarTvelos sasuliero
wodebis marTvisa da kaTalikosis aRrCevis Sesaxeb~69. kreba saeklesio
TviTmmarTvelobis aRdgenis mopovebas cdilobda. magram es peticia krebas ar
gaugzavnia sifrTxilis gamo. sazogadoeba or jgufad gaiyo. krebis erTi
jgufi iTxovda peticia gagzavniliyo imperatorTan (kaTalikosis arCevis
moTxovniT), meore jgufis azriT saWiro iyo ara peticiis gagzavna, aramed
oficialurad unda dayenebuliyo umaRlesi xelisuflebis winaSe sakiTxi
aseTi diplomatiuri,
moqnili saxiT: `saeklesio kanonebis Sesabamisad
saqarTvelos eklesia jerac ar aris SeerTebuli ruseTis eklesiasTan,
amitomac, dae Sedges episkoposebis kreba, romelic daadgens saqarTvelos
eklesiis SeerTebas ruseTis eklesiasTan, oRond es unda cnon msoflio
patriarqebma, manamde ki kaTalikosis arCevis neba mogvceno~70.
aseTi moTxovniT ramdenime sakiTxis dayenebas cdilobdnen. jer erTi Tu
aseT moTxovnas miiRebda xelisufleba, igi iZulebuli iqneboda eRiarebina,
rom saqarTvelos eklesiis damoukidebloba mospo ruseTis saimperatoro
xelisuflebam araeklesiuri xerxiT. meore, ZaladobiT saeklesio gaerTianeba
ukanonoa,
maSasadame
arc
arsebulia,
mesame,
aseT
sakiTxebSi
unda
monawileobdnen ucxoeTis marTlmadidebeli patriarqebi. meoTxe, viTomda
aRniSnuli `episkoposis krebis~ mowvevamde unda aRdgeniliyo sakaTalikoso,
romlis aRdgenis Semdegac vin icis ruseTis imperiaSi ra ambebi
datrialdebeboda. am krebas ukvalod ar Cauvlia, misi gamoZaxili iyo
TbilisSi Semdgari cnobili saeklesio kreba 1905 wlis maisSi.
`1905 wlis 31 marts imereTis samRvdeloeba peticias ugzavnis ruseTis
ministrTa komitets, romelSic aRniSnuli iyo eklesiisa da samRvdeloebis
umZimesi materialuri mdgomareoba saqarTveloSi. ruseTis samRvdeloebisgan
gansxvavebiT qarTuli sasuliero pirebi ekonomikurad mosaxleobaze iyvnen
damokidebulni. maTi xelfasi iyo minimaluri, weliwadSi sul 250-300 man. da
isic yvelas rodi hqonda. xelfass Rebulobda samRvdelobis mxolod
mesamedi nawili. umravlesoba ki iZulebuli iyo Tavi gaetana im SemosavliT,
rac eklesiaSi Semododa mrevlisagan Sesawiravis an gadasaxadis saxiT.
dramis fuli an kidev zogierTi saxis mRvdelmsaxurebisaTvis (qorwineba,
wesis ageba da misT.) Raribi mosaxleobisagan miRebuli es Semosavali imdenad

mcire da umniSvnelo iyo, rom dabali samRvdeloeba srul siRaribeSi

cxovrobda. ruseTis samRvdeloebisagan gansxvavebiT, maT nadelebi ar
gaaCndaT, rom daemuSavebinaT da miT mainc gaetanaT Tavi~71.
dramis fuli iyo `weliwadSi sul 2 man., magram saqarTvelos gaRatakebul
glexobas isic ar gaaCnda da amis gamo ver ixdida, xolo soflis
xelisufleba aiZulebda maT es gadasaxadi naturiT gadaexadaT, ris
angariSSic arTmevdnen sxvadasxva saxis saojaxo nivTebs, rac glexobas
samRvdelobis mimarT mtrulad ganawyobda~72.
`yovelive amis mizezad peticiis avtorebs miaCndaT is pirobebi,
romelSiac ruseTis saero da sasuliero xelisuflebam Caayena saqarTvelos
eklesia: gamoacala arsebobisa da funqcionirebis ekonomikuri bazisi,
rogorc wina TavebSi iyo aRniSnuli, mouspo Semosavlis mTavari wyaroebi
(yma-glexoba, mamuli
da sxv.), rom igi mTlianad uwmidesi sinodis
mowyalebaze yofiliyo damokidebuli. amasTanave patriarqobis mospobiTa da
qarTveli xalxisaTvis miuRebeli saegzarqosos SeqmniT mosaxleobasa da
eklesias Soris aRmarTes iseTi barieri, romelmac gamoiwvia xalxis
gaucxoeba eklesiisagan. `xalxis cocxal organizms, werdnen peticiis
avtorebi, mokveTs misi bunebrivi Tavi da mis magivrad daadges ucxo Tavi,
romelsac, rogorc ucxos, ar SeuZlia am organizmis sulis yvela funqciis
mowesrigeba~73.
`eklesiisagan qarTveli xalxis gaucxoebas imanac Seuwyo xeli, rom
qarTveli samRvdeloba izrdeboda da yalibdeboda maSindel rusul
sasuliero saswavleblebSi, sadac qarTulis xseneba ar iyo, `sadac isini
swavlobdnen yvelafers, garda qarTulisa~, ris gamoc maT ar SeeZloT
RvTismsaxureba qarTulad. maTi ar esmis mrevls, xolo mrevlisa am
samRvdeloebas~. `eklesia, misi msaxurebis saxiT, axla qceulia... mravali
politikuri tendenciebis cxovrebaSi gatarebis iaraRad. is aqcies iseT
kancelariad, romelic asrulebs saxelmwifo meqanizmis garkveul funqcias~72.
`saqarTvelos eklesiaSi iseTi mdgomareobis aRmosafxvrelad peticiis
avtorebi moiTxovdnen Semdegi RonisZiebebis dauyovnebliv gatarebas:
a) saqarTvelos eklesiis damoukideblobis aRdgena kaTalikosiT saTaveSi,
romelsac irCevs adgilobrivi episkoposTa yriloba, mTeli qarTveli
xalxisa da samRvdelobis warmomadgenlebTan erTad;
b) unda moxdes RvTismsaxurTa arCeva;
g) saskolo saqmis Zirfesviani reforma;
d) samRvdeloTaTvis sityvis, beWdviTi sityvis, krebebisa da yrilobebis
mowvevis Tavisufleba;
e) yvela samoqalaqo uflebis miniWeba samRvdeloebisaTvis;
v) eklesiisa
da
samRvdeloebis
ganTavisufleba
politikuri
miznebis
ganxorcielebisa da yvela samoxeleo da sakancelario movaleobisagan;
z) samRvdeloebis
ganTavisufleba
mrevlze
uSualo
materialuri
damokidebulebisagan da misTvis xelfasis daniSvna74;
T) `wmida sinodis daweseba kaTalikosis meTaurobiT, xolo eparqiul
arqierebTan sasuliero da saero pirebisagan Semdgari sabWosi, romelic
arCeuli iqneba garkveuli droiT;
i) sinodis mmarTveloba yvela eklesiaze, monastrebze, samRvdeloebaze,
sasuliero-saswavlo da saqvelmoqmedo dawesebulebebze;

k) iveriis eklesiisaTvis warTmeuli da xazinisaTvis gadacemuli qonebis

dabruneba~75.
3. samRvdeloebis yriloba 28-30 maisi, 1905 w.
yrilobis Tavmjdomare Tavdapirvelad iyo mama markoz tyemalaZe,
romelic yrilobis nebiT Secvala `revoluciurad ganwyobilma~ mRvdelma
qristefore cicqiSvilma. yrilobam airCia agreTve mdivnebi da daamtkica
momdevno dRis wesrigi. 29.05.1905 yrilobam ganixila soflis samRvdeloebis
materialuri uzrunvelyofis sakiTxi. Semdeg Tavmjdomarem gamoitana
avtokefaliis sakiTxi. yrilobam moiwona zemoaRniSnuli peticia da
gadawyvita
peticia gaegzavnaT ministrTa komitetis TavmjdomarisaTvis,
xolo
aslebi
uwmidesi
sinodis
oberprokurorisaTvis,
kavkasiis
mefisnacvalsa da uwmidesi sinodis Tavmjdomare mitropolit antonisaTvis.
29 maisis peticiis teqsti aseTia:
`me-4 saukuneSi dafuZnebul iveriis eklesias me-5 saukuneSi saTaveSi edga
mTavarepiskoposi, romelic damokidebuli iyo antioqiis patriarqze. es
damokidebuleba nel-nela Sesustda da iveriis eklesiis mRvdelmTavrebma,
romlebmac
sruliad
iveriis
kaTalikosTa
wodeba
miiRes,
TandaTan
daimkvidres ufleba TavianTi eklesiis damoukideblad marTvisa. mcxeTaiveriis mTavarepiskopiam, romelsac kaTalikosati-patriarqis xarisxi mieniWa,
sruliad damoukideblad daiwyo marTva, saTaveSi ki edgnen kaTalikospatriarqebi, wodebulni uwmidesad da unetaresad.
uZvelesi droidan mokidebuli me-19 saukunemde iveriis avtokefaluri
eklesia arasdros yofila qvrivoxeri, ruseTTan saqarTvelos SeerTebis
Semdegac ki aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi igi (iveriis eklesia) damoukideblad
ganagrZobda marTvas Tavis kaTalikos-patriarq anton II-is moTaveobiT.
sxvagvarad arc SeiZleba yofiliyo. roca erekle meorem, qarTl-kaxeTis mefem
rusTa imperstoris uzenaesi xelisufleba da mfarveloba cno (1783 wlis 24
ivniss), xelSekrulebis me-8 muxlSi daTqmuli iyo, rom `saqarTvelos
eklesiis marTvasa da ruseTis sinodisadmi mis damokidebulebaze unda Sedges
gansakuTrebuli muxli~, magram ar Sedgenila. Sedgenas xeli SeuSala im
garemoebam, rom ZvelTagan dadgenili wes-CveulebiT qarTveli mefeebi
eklesiis saqmeebSi ar ereodnen, Tu eklesia TviTon ar sTxovda maT
Semweobas.
imperatori pavle I, romelmac icoda es da ver poulobda gzas,
avtokefaluri eklesia ruseTis sinods rogor damorCildeboda, generalleitenant knoringis saxelze daweril 1801 wlis 20 ianvris reskriptSi,
sxvaTa Soris, ambobda, xels ar vaxleb saqarTvelos eklesiis privilegiebso,
magram, miuxedavad yovelivesi, miuxedavad qarTveli xalxis survilisa `SenarCulebuliyo kaTalikosis Tanamdeboba da wodeba~, - rac 1801 wlis
aprilSi qarTveli elCebis mier sagareo saqmeTa saministrosaTvis wardgenil
notaSi
gamoiTqva,
agreTve
miuxedavad
kaTalikos
anton
II-is
xelSekrulebebisa, romelmac daamtkica, rom iveriis eklesia avtokefaluria
da ar SeiZleba ruseTis sinods daemorCilos, ruseTis mTavrobam kaTalikosi
anton II aiZula, ruseTSi (1810 wlis 3 noembers) wasuliyo, xolo iveriis
eklesia ruseTis eklesias SeuerTa. ruseTis mTavrobam sinodTan erTad
miuxedavad me-3 msoflio krebis me-8 wesisa da me-4 msoflio krebis 39-e

wesisa, iveriis eklesiis avtokefalia gaauqma da saqarTveloSi ise daiwyo

egzarqosebis daniSvna, Tanxmoba ar hqonda aRmosavleTis patriarqebisa da
adgilobrivi mRvdelmTavrebisac ki.
ruseTis mTavrobam, roca iveriis eklesiis damoukidebloba gaauqma da igi
sinods daumorCila, samRvdeloebas saeklesio mamulebis uSualo gamgebloba
CamoarTva da isini mis mier daniSnul sammarTvelos gadasca. am
gankargulebiT dairRva saqarTvelos eklesiis ZvelisZveli uflebebi,
romelTa mixedviT saqarTvelos yvela mefe saerTod da kerZod ukanaskneli
mefeni erekle II da giorgi XII icavdnen im wess, rom mefe eklesias
saeklesio miwebs araTu waarTmevda, xelsac ver daakarebda maT. mosalodneli
iyo, saeklesio mamulebis saxelmwifos xelSi gadasvlis Semdeg mTavrobas
TviTon
ekisra
samRvdeloebis
materialurad
uzrunvelyofa
da
mRvdelmsaxurebi am mxriv pirdapir ar yofiliyvnen damokidebulni mrevlze.
saqarTvelos
eklesiisaTvis
avtokefaluri
da
qonebrivi
uflebebis
CamorTmevas, mxareSi xalxis sulierebisaTvis ucxo saeklesio mmarTvelobis
SemoRebas
qarTveli
xalxis
saeklesio-religiuri
cxovrebis
sruli
dezorganizacia mohyva. qarTvelma xalxma, romelsac aRar hyavda kaTalikosi
qveynis `sulieri mefe~ da moziare mefis winaSe, misi saxiT meoxi da
mfarveli
dakarga.
gauqmda
mravalsaukunovani
kaTedrebi,
daingra
arqiteqturuli TvalsazrisiT SesaniSnavi taZrebi, dacarielda monastrebi,
daixura maTTan arsebuli skolebi, xolo sanacvlod gaxsnili wmida rusuli
sasuliero-saswavlo
dawesebulebebi
mRvdlobis
iseT
kandidatebs
gvTavazoben, romlebic qarTuli mrevlisaTvis sruliad moumzadevelni arian.
mSobliur niadags mowyvetil da biurokratiuli xelisuflebiT aRzrdil
mRvdlebs, xalxSi politikuri tendenciebis gamavrceleblebs, saqarTvelos
adrindel mwyemsTa xibli ar aqvT. yovelive amis Sedegad odiTgan
marTlmadidebel da jvarmosil qarTvel xalxSi, romelic cxovrebas
locvasa da islamTan brZolaSi atarebda, ar aris SemTxvevebi RvTismsaxurTa
Seuracxyofisa, maTi mkvlelobisa, Tavisi wridan ara marto mwyemsTa, aramed
mwyemsmTavris gaZevebisa, ZvelisZveli salocavebis wabilwvisa, gaZarcvisa,
gadawvisa da a.S.
qarTulma samRvdeloebam mxevdelobaSi miiRo zemoTqmuli, agreTve is, rom
jer erTi, iveriis eklesia kanonikurad gaxlavT avtokefaluri, vinaidan ar
yofila krebis dadgenileba misi avtokefaliis gauqmebisa da arc SeiZleboda
yofiliyo; meorec, mxolod eklesias, romelsac Tavisuflad SeuZlia
TviTSegnebis
srulad
aRsruleba,
Tavisufalia
Sinagani
wyobilebiT,
Tavisuflad ZaluZs Tavisi sityviT msaxureba, yvela Tavisi saqmisa da misdami
rwmunebuli
yovelives
Tavisuflad
marTva,
mxolod
Tavisuflad
TviTmmarTvel eklesias Seswevs unari, daicvas Tavisi sruli didebuli wmida
rwmena da savsebiT flobdes misi RvTaebrivi mowodebis gansaxorcieleblad
aucielebl xmas, romelic adamianis guls aRanTebs; dabolos, eklesiis
damoukideblad arsebobisaTvis metad saWiroa materialuri saSualebani,
amitom iTxovs:
I) iveriis eklesias daubrundes avtokefaluri uflebebi da Tavisi
kaTalikosiTurT aRdges mcxeTa-iveriis kaTalikosati adrindel sazRvrebSi
(guberniebi: Tbilisis, quTaisis baTumisa, nawili Savi zRvis guberniisa
afxazeTi, samurzayano da zaqaTalis olqi).

II) aRdges wesi, roca RvTismsaxurTa ganTavisulebul adgilebs arCevnebis

Sedegad ikaveben.
SeniSvna 1: krebulis wevrTa adgilebis dasakaveblad mrevli irCevs
uflebaunarian kandidatebs, xolo samRvdeloeba da xalxis warmomadgenlebi
kaTalikossa da mRvdelmsaxurebs. arCeul mRvdelmTavars amtkicebs iveriis
eklesiis
yvela
mRvdelmTavris
kreba
kaTalikosis
meTaurobiT
da
kaTalikosTan arsebuli wmida sinodi, xolo kaTalikoss uzenaesi saero
xelisufleba.
SeniSvna 2. mRvdelmTavarTan arsebul saeparqio sabWoze ama Tu im
adgilze sasuliero pirTa kandidatebis arCevis saqmis jerovani ganxilvis
Semdeg arCeuls amtkicebs da Sesabamis wodebas aniWebs adgilobrivi
episkoposi, romelsac yovel SemTxvevaSi ufleba aqvs dasabuTebuli veto-s
dadebisa.
III) kaTalikosTan dafuZndes wmida sinodi (Tavmjdomare kaTalikosi),
xolo eparqiis mRvdelmTavrebTan sabWoebi, Sedgenili garkveuli vadiT
arCeuli sasuliero da saero pirTagan.
IV) kaTalikosTan arsebuli wmida sinodis xelSi moeqces yvela eklesiis,
monastris,
samRvdeloebis,
saswavlo-sasuliero
dawesebulebebisa
da
saqvelmoqmedo dawesebulebebis umaRlesi marTva-gamgeoba.
V) iveriis eklesias daubrundes saxelmwifosaTvis gadacemuli yvela
saeklesio mamuli~
peticias xeli moawera 412 RvTismsaxurma76.
1905 wlis 28-29 maiss TbilisSi gamarTulma qarTl-kaxeTis samRvdeloebis
krebam daadgina `mavnebelia sasuliero seminariebsa da saswavleblebSi
gamefebuli reJimi, amitomac gadawyda daixuros es saswavleblebi im dromde,
sanam sruliad ar gadakeTdeba~. zaqaTalis olqis samRvdeloebac SeuerTda am
gadawyvetilebas, amitomac ar miiRebs monawileobas Telavis sasuliero
saswavleblis xarjT-aRricxvis gansaxilvelad daniSnul krebaze~77.
sasuliero saswavleblebi ZiriTadad qarTveli samRvdeloebis mier
gaRebuli xarjiT arsebobda, seminariebSi ki maT Svilebs arusebdnen, imdenad,
rom rusul enaze aRzrdili axalgazrdebi qarTulad gamarTulad weris
ucodinarni iyvnen, samSoblos istorias ki ar icnobdnen. krebam am
saswavleblebis daxurva daadgina reorganizaciamde, rac ra Tqma unda
aRmaSfoTebeli iyo rusi Cinovnikebisa da pirvel rigSi Tbilisis sasuliero
seminariis reqtorisaTvis. amitomac man Sesabamisi zomebi miiRo. meore dRes,
anu 31 maiss gagrZelda 27-Si dawyebuli kreba, magram igi imdenad
mniSvnelovani iyo, rom SeiZleba igi meoTxe krebad CavTvaloT.
4. 1905 wlis 31 maiss yriloba gagrZelda. krebaze movida qalaqis mravali
saero piric. gaismoda lozungebi - `Zirs seminariis reqtori~. Tavmjdomarem
sxdoma daxura, magram seminariis darbazi krebis monawileebma ar datoves.
erTma nawilma ki quCaSi gadainacvla. reqtorma gamoiZaxa policia. quCaSi,
puSkinis skveris siaxloves am dros mokles erTi policieli, movidnen
kazakebi da Cafrebi, romelTac daiwyes xalxis garekva seminariis Senobidan
da quCidan, kazakebi daarwmunes viTomda `policieli mRvdelma mokla~.
kazakebma samRvdeloebis garekva daiwyo maTraxis cemiT. samRvdeloebis cemam

sazogadoeba aRaSfoTa: `kazakis maTxariT scemes xalxis sindiss. Cveni

sulieri mamebis cema Cveni cemaa, Cveni colebisa da bavSvebisa~78. male
egzarqosi da reqtori ruseTSi gaiwvies.
sazogadoebis azri aseTi iyo: `qarTvelni mRvdelni rom Seikribnen Tavis
sarwmunoebisaTvis, Tavis eklesiis saWiroebazed mosalaparakeblad, es
amboxebad miiRes da gaamaTraxes~79. erma Tavi Seuracxyofilad igrZno.
s.kakabaZe am movlenebTan dakavSirebiT werda: `garkveul wreebSi gaCnda
miswrafeba saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis avtokefaliis aRdgenisa, saegzarqosos
gauqmebiT da damoukidebeli kaTalikosobis aRdgeniT. maSin, somxebis
msgavsad Tbilisis seminariaSi da SedarebiT axal quTaisis seminariaSi,
agreTve yvela sasuliero saswavlebelSi da saeklesio samrevlo skolebSi
swavla SemoRebuli iqneboda qarTul enaze da amiT qarTveli xalxi
nawilobriv mainc Tavs daaRwevda saimperio mTavrobis gamarusebel
politikas. saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis azrs Zlierad
CasWides xeli episkoposebma da samRvdeloebis wamyvanma nawilma. ruseTis
rogorc saero, ise gansakuTrebiT sasuliero xelisufleba mkacrad wavida
avtokefaliis aRdgenis winaaRmdeg, amasTanave sasuliero xelisufleba
gadavida represiebze. quTaisis seminaria daxures. Tbilisis seminariidan da
qalTa eparqialuri saswavleblidan (romelic saSualo skola iyo) daiTxoves
qarTveli mowafeebis didi umetesoba. amdeni axalgazrdis quCaSi datovebam
aaRelva samRvdeloeba, amitom qarTl-kaxeTis samRvdeloeba soflebidan
TviTneburad Seikriba TbilisSi (sul xuTasamde kaci). egzarqosi iZulebuli
gaxda samRvdeloebis yrilobis gaxsnis neba daerTo, magram ori dRis Semdeg
yrilobis monawileT mouwyves provokacia da Tavs daasxes kazakebi da
policia. bevri mRvdeli sastikad galaxul iqna maTraxebiT (1905 w. maisi)~80.
aRniSnuli kreba tardeboda 1905 wlis 31 maiss. kirionis azriT `31 maisis
incidentis gamo metad gamwvavda sarwmunoebrivi sakiTxi saqarTveloSi,
vinaidan udanaSaulod gamaTraxebulma da cemiT amoxocilma qarTvelma
samRvdeloebam araviTari zneobrivi dakmayofileba ar miiRo visganac jer
iyo~81.
v.ToraZe,
n.ToraZis
azriT
`egzarqos
aleqsis
brZanebiT
samRvdeloebis krebis monawileebs, romlebmac gabedes msjeloba Tavis
mdgomareobaze rusis yazaxebma maTraxebiT scemes~82.
1905 wlis 31 maiss sasuliero seminariis SenobaSi saeklesio kreba
faqtobrivad CaiSala, magram man Seasrula Tavisi saqme, radganac udidesi
gavlena iqonia Semdgomdroindel movlenebze.
am krebasTan dakavSirebiT g.rogava wers: qarTveli samRvdeloebis
`gaerTianeba-gaZlierebis mizniT saWiro iyo saqarTvelos samRvdeloebis
gaerTianebuli krebis an yrilobis mowveva, magram amis nebarTvas egzarqosi
ar iZleoda, qarTvelma mRvelTmTavrebma gadawyvites yriloba moewviaT 1905
wlis 28 maiss. 27 maiss TbilisSi Camovida 240-mde sasuliero piri sxadasxva
adgilidan. 28 maiss egzarqos aleqss warudga deputacia qarTl-kaxeTis
samRvdeloebis yrilobis mowvevis moTxovniT da igi iZulebuli gaxda maT
dayabuleboda, magram yrilobis gaxsnis dRed dainiSna 1 ivnisi. manamde
egzarqosma miiRo yovelnairi zoma, rom aRniSnuli dRisaTvis TbilisSi
Camosuliyvnen baqos, erevnis da elizavetpolis rusi samRvdeloebis

warmomadgenlebi, raTa isini daepirispirebina qarTvelebisaTvis da maTi

ganzraxvisaTvis xeli SeeSalaT~83.
`qarTvelebma, romlebic mixvdnen egzarqosis ganzraxvas, gadawyvites
daeswroT misTvis da yriloba gaxsnes 29 maiss sasuliero seminariis
SenobaSi. erT-erTi ZiriTadi sakiTxi iyo seminariaSi Seqmnili mdgomareoba,
saidanac adre `arasando~ qarTveli studentebi iqnen garicxulni. am dros
seminariis reqtorad iyo qarTvelTa moZule arqimandriti nikandri.
31 maiss, saRamos, 7 saaTisaTvis, roca yrilobas unda daewyo saqarTvelos
eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis sakiTxis ganxilva, reqtoris binaSi gamoCnda
policia ubnis pristavi nabibekovis ufrosobiT. policias male Seematnen
kazakebi, romlebic darbazSi xmauris sababiT SeiWrnen seminariis SenobaSi da
daiwyes yrilobis delegatTa umowyalod cema, ganurCevlad erisa da berisa.
kazakebi
mRvdlebs
uyvirodnen:
`Tqven
unda
loculobdeT
da
ara
buntobdeTo~84.
`yrilobis
darbeva
inspirirebuli
iyo
mSiSara
da
pirwavardnili Sovinist reqtor nikandris mier, romlis ukan egzarqosi da
rusi samRvdloeba idga~84.
`saqarTveloSi ar darCenila eparqia, romlis samRvdeloebis krebasac ar
daegmo es yovlad gaumarTlebeli aqcia xelisuflebisa da saegzarqosos
mxriv. am krebebze miRebul rezoluciebSi erTxel kidev xazgasmiT iyo
aRniSnuli saqarTvelos eklesiis TviTTavadobis dauyovnebliv aRdgenaaucilebloba~84.
`Tbilisis saqalaqo dumam (saTaTbirom) 2 ivniss Tavis sxdomaze
specialurad ganixila es sakiTxi (samRvdeloebis darbevis faqti) da miiRo
saTanado rezolucia:
a) gamoecxados Rrma TanagrZnoba qarTvel samRvdeloebas maT warmomadgenlebze gaugonari
Zaladobis gamoyenebis gamo;
b) gamoxatul iqnes uRrmesi SeSfoTeba moZaladeebis mimarT, romlebmac
saSineli Seuracxyofa miayenes saqarTvelos eklesiis warmomadgenlebs;
g) samRvdeloebis
yrilobas
gaegzavnos
adresi
Tbilisis
saqalaqo
sazogadoebrivi sammarTvelosagan TanagrZnobis gamosaxatavad momxdar
ambebTan dakavSirebiT;
d) ecnobos ruseTisa da sazRvargareTis yvela didi gazeTis redaqciebs, rom
TbilisSi moxda iseTi ambavi, romlisgan SeZrwundeba mTeli civilizebuli
msoflio.
e) dadgenuli wesiT aRiZras Suamdgomloba kazak-policielebis gamoyenebaze
mSvidobiani mosaxleobis mimarT, amasTanave aRiniSnos, rom mRelvare
mxares dawynareba SeiZleba mxolod dapirebuli reformebis saswrafod
gatarebis gziT;
v) eTxovos mxaris umaRles xelisuflebas, qalaqis warmomadgenlebTan erTad,
mkacrad gamoiZios mizezebi samRvdeloebis mimarT Cadenili veluri
danaSaulisa da pirebi, romlebic xelmZRvanelobdnen am Zaladobas.
z) niSnad Rrma mwuxarebisa, romlebsac iziarebs mTeli mosaxleoba,
miuxedavad misi religiisa, erovnulobisa da aRmsareblobisa, saqarTvelos
samRvdeloebis gamo, duma wyvets muSaobas~85.
`miuxedavad imisa, rom yriloba darbeul iqna, man moaswro rigi dadgenilebebis miReba, romelSiac
Semdegs vkiTxulobT:

a) saeklesio skolebSi dReidan yvela sagani unda iswavlebodes qarTulad. rusuli ena darCes erTerT savaldebulo sagnad;
b) sasuliero-saswavlo
dawesebulebebi
gardaqmnili
iqnes
saero
saswavleblebis msgavsad, romlebSiac mSobliuri ena unda iswavlebodes
rusuli enis doneze, xolo saRvTo kanonebi, saqarTelos istoria da
geografia qarTul enaze;
g) ministrTa komitetSi gagzavnili peticiis aslebi gaegzavnos mefis nacvals
kavkasiaSi da saqarTvelos egzarqoss;
d) 31 maiss momxdar incidentTan dakavSirebiT yriloba Sewydes~86
`yrilobis delegatebi daubrundnen TavianT adgilebs. maTi interesebis
dasacavad Seiqmna droebiTi komisia samRvdeloebis warmomadgenlebisagan,
romelSic Sevidnen~ protoerebi: tyemalaZe, SoSiaSvili, xaxutaSvili,
TiTibaZe,
TalakvaZe;
mRvdlebi:
cicqiSvili,
gulisaSvili,
cincaZe,
gamrekeliZe, jaSi, CiqavaZe, oqropiriZe, kapanaZe, SublaZe, jaliaSvili,
SiukaSvili, jioevi, begiaSvili; diakonebi: sanaSvili, oqropiriZe da
bakuraZe~87.
mefis nacvalma kavkasiaSi i.i. voroncov-daSkovma am incidentTan
dakavSirebiT Seqmna sagamomZieblo komisia, romelSic Sevidnen: generalmaiori staxoviCi (Tavjdomare), Tbilisis Tavadaznaurobis winamZRoli
Tavadi a.a. jambakur-orbeliani, mRv. q. cicqiSvili da egzarqosis
warmomadgeneli kolegiis mrCeveli trelini. am ambebTan dakavSirebiT 27
blaRoCinma gaakeTa gancxadeba, rom isini uars amboben TavianTi movaleobis
Sesrulebaze, sanam ar daadgendnen da ar dasjidnen im pirebs, vinc moawyo
samRvdeloebis es awiokeba~87.
`ruseTis uwm. sinodma qarTveli samRvdeloebis yriloba arakanonierad
miiCnia, xolo misi monawileni ki damnaSaveebad, romlebic samarTalSi
micemas eqvemdebarebodnen. `yvela monawiles, romelmac xeli moawera
yrilobis
dadgenilebebs,
Seuwydes
xelfasebi,
ufleba
CamoerTvaT
saxelmwifos jildoze warsadgenad 10 wlis vadiT da samudamod moexsnaT
ufleba saxelmwifo xazinidan mieRoT saeparqioSi moRvaweobisaTvis
kuTvnili pensia. aseTi iyo is sasjeli, romelic qarTvelma samRvdeloebam
xelisuflebisagan TviTneburi gamosvlis gamo miiRo~88.
5. 1905 wlis 3 ivniss qarTl-kaxeTis samRvdeloebam gamarTa TaTbiri.
daadgines 15 kaci TbilisSi dalodeboda 31 maisis incidentis gamoZiebis
Sedegebs.
6. 31 maisis movlenebTan dakavSirebiT aRSfoTebuli samRvdeloeba awyobda
krebebs sxvadasxva kuTxeebSi, magaliTad 1905 w. 17 ivliss bodbisxevSi
gaimarTa siRnaRis mazris samRvdeloebis kreba, romelmac moiTxova
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena da saeklesio mamulebis
dabruneba89.
7. samegrelos I (1889 w.) da II (1905 w. 12.06) saeklesio Sekreba. mTeli XIX
saukunis manZilze, saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebis dros,
adgilobrivi saeklesio kreba ar Catarebula, mizezi amisa iyo is, rom TviT
ruseTis udides eklesiaSi, patiarqobis institutis gauqmebis Semdeg ar
Catarebula
adgilobrivi
(ruseTis)
saekleso
kreba
saimperatoro
(saxelmwifo) nebiT. amitomac, cxadia, adgilobrivi saeklesio kreba arc

saqarTveloSi SeiZleboda yofiliyo mowveuli, magram Zalze mniSvnelovani

iyo saeparqio, saeparqio-saeklesio Sekrebani, saqarTveloSi erT-erTi aseTi
SekrebaTagani iyo samegreloSi mowveuli ori saeklesio kreba.
samegrelo da mTeli qarTveli sazogadoeba ukiduresad aRaSfoTa
xelisuflebis mizanmimarTulma qmedebam qarTveli eris konsolidaciis
Sesaferxeblad qarTvlTa eTnikur tomebad daSlis mizniT. sasuliero organo
gazeT `mwyemsSi~ SeSfoTebuli qarTveli RvTismsaxuri werda: `did imperias
mivekedleT umTavresad imisaTvis, rom daqsaqsuli eri iveriisa Sekrebiliyo,
gaerTianebuliyo da SeerTebuli ZaliT Sedgomoda erovnul saqmes... magram
[rusebi] iRwvian, raTa es erToba ar Camovardes CvenTa Soris. Cveni daqsaqsva,
danawileba da daqucmaceba ai, maTi jojoxeTuri ideali~90.
qarTvelTa daSla-daqucmacebis ideali kargad Camoayaliba saqarTvelos
saegzarqosos saeklesio skolebis meTvalyurem dekanozma vostorgovma. igi
saqarTvelos
adgilobriv
mosaxleobas
hyofda
erTmaneTis
mimarT
damoukidebel `erebad~, aseTebi, misi azriT, iyvnen `qarTl-kaxelebi~,
`imerlebi~, `gurulebi~, `xevsurebi~, `fSavlebi~, `svanebi~, `samurzayanoelebi~
da a.S.91.
1904 wlis 14 dekembers peterburgSi wakiTxul moxsenebaSi igi amtkicebda,
rom xevsurebi da fSavlebi `gaqarTvelebuli CaCnebi arian~92. misive azriT,
svanebis zneobrivi daqveiTeba gamoiwvia iman, rom svaneTSi `dRemdis wirvalocva da skolaSi swavleba qarTulad swarmoebda~92, igi dabejiTebiT
moiTxovda: `samurzayanoSi swavleba da RvTis msaxureba unda swarmoebdes
pirdapir rusulad!~92. i.vostorgovi bednieri da kmayofili iyo imiT, rom
afxazeTidan mis dros gaZevebuli iqna qarTuli ena - `afxazeTSi bolo
dromde aswavlidnen qarTulad da wirva-locvac qarTuladve sruldeboda,
axla ki skolebSi pirdapir rusulad aswavlian da wirva-locva slavur enaze
swarmoebs~92 kidev ufro kmayofili iyo imiT, rom osebiT dasaxlebul
qarTlis mTianeTidan gaZevebul iqna qarTuli ena - `osebi amierkavkasiaSi
aqamde qarTuls swavlobdnen skolaSi da qarTul enaze wirva-locvasac
ismendnen. bolo dros qarTuli ena osTa skolebidan da eklesiebidan
gandevnil iqna da mis nacvlad damyarda rusuli ena~92.
i. vostorgovi amayad askvnida - `usamarTloba da pedagogiuri
moTxovnilebaTa
sawinaaRmdegoa
megrelebis,
svanebis
afxazebisa
da
osebisaTvis saliteraturo qarTuli enis swavleba. Tu ers ara aqvs mwerloba
da RvTismsaxurebis ena unda aswavlo rusuli da slavianuri!~91.
XIX-XX saukuneebamde saqarTvelos yevla kuTxeSi rogorc aRmosavleTSi,
ise dasavleTSi, maT Soris afxazeTsa, svaneTsa da samegreloSi saeklesio da
saliteraturo saWiroebisaTvis mxolod Zveli qarTuli ena gamoiyeneboda.
arc erTi adgilobrivi dialeqti saRvTismetyvelo mizniT gamoyenebuli ar
yofila, saqme is iyo, rom Zveli qarTuli saeklesio ena, romelic amave dros
saerTo-saxalxo
enas
warmoadgenda,
xasiaTdeboda
zogaderovnuli
mTlianobiT, miuxedavad qveynis daqsaqsvisa, ar amJRavnebda tomobrivgeografiul mikerZoebas, arc enobriv-stilisturad, arc ideur-politikurad,
amitomac ar arsebobda aRmosavlur qarTuli, samxreT qarTuli da dasavlur
qarTuli literaturuli mimarTulebani. mTeli qarTuli sasuliero Tu
saero literatura (mwerloba) arsebiTad iyo erTianqarTuli. saqarTvelos

romel kuTxeSic ar unda Seqmniliyi esa Tu is nawarmoebi da romeli

qarTuli tomis warmoadgenelic ar unda yofiliyo misi avtori. ismis kiTxva,
ratom ar warmoiqmna Zvel saqarTveloSi literaturis kuTxur-tomobrivi
mimarTulebani? rogorc kvlevebi miuTiTebs93, saqarTveloSi qarTuli
saeklesio
(saliteraturo)
enis
zogaderovnuloba,
erTaderToba
da
yovlismomcveloba gamowveuli iyo qarTveli eris enobrivi mTlianobiT gvian
Sua
saukuneebamde
(XVI-XVII
ss-mde),
saqarTvelos
saxelmwifoebrivi
mTlianobis daSlamde. kuTxuri samefo-samTavroebis Camoyalibebam da maTma
saxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebis saxiT TiTqmis 300-wlovanma arsebobam, xeli
Seuwyo qarTuli enis mTlianobis darRvevas, dialeqtebis, ukidures ganapira
mxareebSi ki damoukidebeli enebis Camoyalibebas. iqamde ki, aTaswleuliT
adre, rogorc ivane javaxiSvils aqvs garkveuli, erTiani zogadqarTuli
samwerlo
enis
Seqmna-SemuSavebis
procesSi
IV-V
saukuneebSi,
TviT
samegrelosa da svaneTis aqtiuri Rvawli ueWvelia, iv. javaxiSvili werda `qarTvel ers Tavisi mravalsaukunovani saxlmwifoebrivi samwerlo ena hqonda
da aqvs, romelic megrelebisa da svanebisaTvisac erTaderTi samwerlobo da
kulturis ena iyo da aris exlac, romlis Seqmna-SemuSavebaSic megrelebsa da
svanebsac TavianTi wvlili aqvT Setanili~94.
SeeZloT Tu ara megrelebsa da svanebs IV-V saukuneebSi qarTuli
samwerlo (saeklesio) enis Seqmna-SemuSavebaSi monawileobis miReba? am
kiTxvasac gasca pasuxi iv. javaxiSvilma. man Tavisi kvlevis Sedegad
daamtkica, rom jer kidev warmarTobis dros gaqristianebmade, e.i. IV
saukunemde gacilebiT adre, yvela qarTuli tomis mier, maT Soris
samegrelosa da svaneTSi, warmarTuli kerpTmsaxureba anu warmarTuli
locva-rituali qarTul enaze aResruleboda. iv. javaxiSvili werda:
`aramcTu sazogado qarTuli, yvela qarTuli tomisaTvis, maT Soris
megrelTa da svanTaTvisac, saerTo warmarToba arsebobda, aramed, rom am
warmarTobas saerTo terminologiac, saerTo enac qarTuli hqonda~95.
XIX s. bolosa da XX s. dasawyisSi, rogorc aRiniSna, rusi saeklesio
xelisufleba Seecada oriaTaswlovani erovnuli cxovrebis saxis Secvlas
qarTveli eris daSla-daqucmacebis, saboloo jamSi ki garusebis mizniT.
imdroindeli qarTveli sasuliero piri werda - `Tu ara survili Cvenis
damxobisa, maS raa es daJinebuli Caciveba megrelebo gafrTxildiT,
qarTvelebs Tqveni Caylapva surT, Tqven qarTvelebi ki ara, megrelebi xarTo,
sxvisi batonoba rad gindaT, sakuTari literatura da RvTis msaxureba unda
gaiCinoT. Tu Tqven ar ZalgiZT esa, Cven dagexmarebiTo. am `zrunvam~ dabada
batoni aSordia... sad gagonila aseTi aRvir-axsniloba: mTeli samegrelo
RaRadebs, batono, mogvasveneT, Cven ukeT viciT, raca an vinca varTo, magram
`Zalad macxovnebelni~ Tavisas ar iSlian
da ganagrZoben qarTveli eris
96
erTobis dangreva-darRvevas~ .
samegrelosa da kuTxeebSi rusulma xelisuflebam imis Semdeg daiwyo
brZola, rac centrSi kraxi ganicada qarTuli enis damcvelebTan Setakebisas,
kerZod XIX s. 70-ian wlebSi wmida episkoposi gabriel qiqoZe win aRudga
ganaTlebis dargSi ianovski-levickis munjuri meTodiT swavlebas, romlis
mizani iyo qarTuli enis sruli gandevna saqarTvelos skolebidan.
SedarebisaTvis moviyvanT i. vostorgovis damokidebulebas munjuri meTodis
mimarT. 1904 w. peterburgSi Semdgar erT TaTbirze man ganacxada - `didi

gamarjvebaa munjuri meTodis SemoReba skolebSi. adgilobriv (e.i. qarTvel)

inteligentebs guli uskdebaT am meTodis SemoRebiT, isini cdiloben skola
rusTa da eklesiis (igulisxmeba rusuli eklesia) sawinaaRmdego iaraRad
gadaaqcion~97. wm. gabrieli, rogorc Cans, damarcxda munjuri meTodiT
swavlebis SemoRebis momxmareebTan brZolisas, miuxedavad amisa, man 1872 wels
gailaSqra g. muxranskis winaaRmdeg, romelic amtkicebda didi eris mier
patara erebis da maTi enis gaqroba-asimilaciis gardauvalobas. dimitri
yifiani da wmida ilia marTali TavgamodebiT icavdnen qarTuli enis
uflebebs mTeli sazogadoebis mxardaWeriT. amitomac axla rusma moxeleebma
gadawyvites sxva gza aerCiaT qarTvelTa daSla-daqsaqsvis mizniT, erTiani
qarTveli eris konsolidaciis Sesaferisad. amisaTvis iyenebdnen rogorc
religiur, ise kuTxur-tomobriv imJamisTvis realur arsebul momentebs. rusma
ideologebma gadawyvites qarTveli erisaTvis CamoeSorebinaT qarTveli
mahmadianebi, qarTveli kaTolikeni, qarTveli grigorianelebi araeTikuri,
fsevdosarwmunoebrivi meTodebis daxmareiT, kerZod, imis mtkicebiT, rom
qarTvelebi istoriulad mxolod marTlmadideblebi iyvnen, TiTqosda
arasodes qarTveloba anda maTi nawili ar iRebda sxva sarwmunoebriv
aRmsareblobas, kerZod, TiTqosda qarTveli grigorianlebi arian ara
eTnikuri qarTvelebi, aramed piriqiT `gaqarTvelebuli somxebi~, msgavsadve
TiTqosda qarTveli kaTolikebi da mahmadianebi Sesabamisad iyvnen eTnikuri
somxebi da Turqebi (TaTrebi) qarTul garemoSi moxvedrilni da amdenad,
gaqarTvelebulni, am mzakvrul xerxianobas maSinve mixvda qarTuli
sasuliero wodebis erTi nawili da ase upasuxa mas `XIX saukuneSi rusis
yovlisa SemZle biurokratiam moWora tyuili, Sehqmna zRapari da mohfina
vrcels imperias `qarTvelebi ise mtkice marTl-madideblebi iyvnen, rom
SeuZlebelia maT Soris sxva aRsarebis mqonebeli moipovebodes vinmeo, amis
gamo, vinc marTl-madideblobas ar aRiarebs, qarTveli ar ariso!!! samwuxaro
Sedegi mohyva am tyuilisa da sicruis gudas. auarebeli qarTveli mahmadiani
Camogvaciles, uari uTxres qarTvelobaze qarTvel-kaTolikeT da, rogorc
amboben, ara hsurT Seiwynaron qarTveli grigorianni. SesaZlebelia, rom
Zvelad mtkiced vadeqiT marTlmadideblobas, magram gana aqedan is unda
vigulisxmoT, rom qarTvelTaganni aravin moisurvebda nebiT, an garemoebaTa
mixedviT mieRo sxva religiis aRsareba? ra saTqmelia. am ramdenime wlis
winaT erTma frangma deputatma mahmadianoba miiRo, arabuli tanisamosiT
dabrZanda parlametSi, aseTi saqcieli aravis ar gahkvirvebia, CvenSi ki suli
gauWires qarTvel kaTolikeT... megrelebsaviT amaTac miacivdnen, qarTvelebi
ara xarT, Cven vzrunavT Tqvenzeo... 1828 wels saqarTvelos SemouerTda
mesxeTi, aq dabinavebul qarTvel mahmadianobas oficialurad uwodes TaTrebi.
es iseTive simarTlea, rogorc isa, dedamiwa veSapis zurgzeda dgaso. saidan
sadao wmidao sabao! sad TaTari da sad qarTveli, xval rom mahmadianoba
miviRoT, gana gavTaTrdebi, anda arabad, osmalod viqcevi? mahmadiani mefeebi
blomada gvyavda, magram saqarTvelo maSinac saTaTreTad arvis gamoucxadebia,
axla ki damRa dahkres saqarTvelos erT nawils. Txunela Zirs gamouTxris
saqarTvelos,
gamoRrRnis
soxum-afxazeTs,
samegrelos,
mahmadianobas,
kaTolikobas,
saingilos,
istoriuli
eri
jer
waiCoqebs,
mere
ise
gaiSxlarTeba fexze wamoyenebas veRaravin ikisrebs~98 werda qarTveli

sasuliero organo XX s. dasawyisSi (samwuxarod, asi wlis Semdegac igive

suraTia, ufro uaresi).
rogorc aRiniSna, ruseTis biurokratiam gadawyvita ara mxolod
fsevdosarwmunoebrivi
meTodebiT
esargebla
qarTveli
eris
daSladanawevrebisaTvis, aramed gamoeyenebina imJamad mkveTrad gamokveTili
kuTxuroba eTnikur-tomobrivad daqsaqsuli qarTvelobisa, Seecada TiToeuli
tomi anu Temi gamoecxadebina `erad~ da daepirispirebina erTmaneTisaTvis.
XV-XVI saukuneebSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi mTlianobis darRvevam
da mis adgilze sxvadasxva erTmeneTisagan damoukidebeli kuTxuri samefosamTavroebis warmoqmnam safuZveli Seuryia erTian qarTul TviTSemecnebas.
kuTxur saxelmwifoebriv erTeulebSi, gansakuTrebiT ki periferiebSi
aswleulTa manZilze (XVI-XVIII saukuneebSi) TandaTanobiT Camoyalibda,
gaRrmavda da ganmtkicda eTnikur-geografiuli niSan-Tvisebebi, warmoiqmna
kuTxuri dialeqtebi, enakavebi da enebic ki. Camoyalibda qarTleloba,
kaxeloba, imerloba, megreloba, guruloba, svanoba, mesxoba da ase Semdeg.
rogorc aRvniSneT, amis mizezi iyo kuTxuri saxelmwifoebrivi warmonaqmnebis
arseboba, radganac saxelmwifos aqvs unari Tavisi sazRvrebis SigniT
mcxovreb mosaxleobas xangrZlivi Tanacxovrebis Semdeg misces sakuTari
eTnikuri saxe. aqedan gamomdinare, saqarTvelos gaerTianeba, kuTxuri samefo
samTavroebis anu saxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebis mospoba uTuod xels
Seuwyobda erTiani erovnuli (e.i. qarTuli) TviTSemecnebis gamtkicebas, mis
aRdgenasa da aRorZinebas. marTlac, ruseTis imperiis mier qarTuli kuTxuri
saxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebis, samefo-samTavroebis gauqmebam xeli Seuwyo
erTiani qarTuli TviTSemecnebis aRorZinebas, esaa faqti, Tumca ki, cxadia,
saocari. am faqts Tavis dros yuradReba miaqcia cnobilma Tavisi droisaTvis
saxelovanma istorikosma platon ioselianma. es faqti man miiCnia ruseTis
imperiis mmarTvelobis dadebiT Sedegad saqarTveloSi. platon ioseliani
ajamebs qarTl-kaxeTis ukanaskneli mefis giorgi XIII-is Semdgom rusTa
mmarTvelobis
damyarebas
saqarTveloSi:
`Temni
qarTvelTa
samefoisa,
daglejilni da danawevrebulmi, gauqmdnen. mcxovrebi TemTa amaT: imerelni,
megrelni, gurulni, svanni, raWvelni da samcxelni Seiqmnen [erad] da iwodnen
qarTvelebad~99.
platon ioseliani kuTxur saxelmwifoebriv erTeulebs (qarTls, kaxeTs,
imereTs, samegrelos da a.S.) uwodebs `Temebs~ warmoSobilT erTiani
`qarTvelTa samefos~ dagleja-danawevrebis Sedegad. igi udides istoriul
warmatebad miiCnevs am Temis mcxovrebTa kuTxuri TviTSemecnebis e.i.
`imerlobis, megrelobis, gurulobis, svanobis, raWvelobis, samcxe-aTabagobis~
gauqmebas da maTi erTiani erovnuli TviTSemecnebis e.i. `qarTvelobis~
aRorZinebas, es mas miaCnia RvTis gangebad. aseTia misi Txzulebis `cxovreba
giorgi XIII-isa~ daboloeba srulad: `RvTisa gangebasa veravin Seayenebs.
ganixilon mkiTxvelTa amis, vis SeeZlo qarTvelTa samefoisa dacva, garda
rusTa. TviT ruseTi, viTarca kolosi didi, ebrZoda 70 da metsa welsa
kavkasiisa mTisa mcxovrebTa, `TaTrobisa~ gamo qarTvelTa (qristianobisa
gamo) mterTa. gangebaman RvTisa qmna ese, romel rusTa ZaliTa damSvidnen
mTisa mcxovrebni Temni TviT qarTvelTa samefoisa, daglejilni da
danawevrebulni, gauqmdnen da mcxovrebi TemTa amaT: imerelni, megrelni,

gurulni, svanni, raWvelni da samcxelni aTabagTa Seiqmnen da iwodnen

qarTvelebad~100.
platon ioseliani miiCnevs, rom `qarTvelTa samefosa~ da saerTod
qarTvelobis udidesi mteri iyo `kavkasiis mTis mcxovrebni~ e.i. Crdilo
kavkasielebi maTi mahmadianobis gamo. isini iyvnen qarTvelTa upirvelesi
mtrebi (qarTvelTa qristianobis gamo). imdenad Zlierebi iyvnen Crdilo
kavkasielebi, rom 70-welze meti xani dasWirda TviT `ruseTis did koloss~
maT dasamarcxeblad. maTi e.i. qarTvelTa upiratesi mtris damarcxeba da
`daglejil danawevrebuli~ qarTuli Temebis gaerTianeba, e.i. qarTvelobis
aRdgena miaCnia platon ioselians, rogorc iTqva, `RvTis gangebad~.
platon ioselians, viTarca TiTqmis rusulenovan mwerals, SedarebiT
kargad icnobda dainteresebuli saimperio wreebi. amis gamo maTTvis kidev
ufro
TvalnaTeli
gaxda
is
faqti,
rom
saqarTvrloSi
kuTxuri
administraciuli sazRvrebis moryeviT da ruseTis erT saxelmwifoSi
gaerTianebiT TiTqmis zRvidan zRvamde daiwyo qarTveli eris konsolidaciagaerTianebis procesi. mtkicdeboda da ufro yalibdeboda qarTvelTa
erovnuli TviTSemecneba kuTxur-regionaluri cnobierebis moryevis Sedegad.
iqamde daSlil-danakuwebuli, vinaoba moryeuli xalxi mTliandeboda da es
iyo ruseTis imperiis sasikeTo Sedegi. amis gacnobierebam, rom ruseTis
samxreT sazRvrebTan mTliandeboda da erad ikvrebida didi xalxi, romelic,
cxadia,
samomavlod
moiTxovda
TviTgamorkvevas
da
sakuTari
saxelmwifoebriobis aRdegnas XIX s. 50-70-ian wlebSi Zalze SeaSfoTa
saimperatoro wreebi. Sedegmac ar daayovna qarTvelTa konsolidaciis
sawinaRmdegod
maT
saswrafod
daavales
fsevdoreligiur
da
fsevdosaganmanaTleblo wreebs ar daeSvaT qarTveli eris konsolidaciis
procesis
gagrZeleba.
ufro
metic,
ruseTis
mTeli
samecniero
da
saganmanaTleblo wreebi CarTes im miznis misaRwevad, raTa qarTvelebisaTvis
CamoeSorebinaT da araqarTvelebad gamoecxadebinaT dasavleT da samxreT
saqarTvelos mkvidri mosaxleoba (mahmadiani mesxebi, kaToloke da grigoriani
qarTvelebi,
svanebi,
megrelebi,
afxazebi, lazebi), aRmosavleT
saqarTveloSi isic ki ikadres, rom fSavebi da xevsurebi gaqristianebul
CeCnebad gamoacxades. mTeli saimperio saeklesio wreebi, kerZod, kavkasiaSi
qristianobis aRmdgeni sazogadoeba CarTes qarTlis mTianeTSi mcxovrebi
qarTvelobis
osebad
gamosacxadeblad,
CaTeses
kidec
maTSi
osuri
TviTSemecneba,
saingiloSi
qarTvelTa
gamahmadianebis
procesi
ufro
gaRrmavda, ise, rom mahmadianma ingiloebma piroba dades, `piri Sekres~
qarTulad aRar elaparakaT.
RvTismsaxurebis dros afxazeTSi, samegreloSi, svaneTSi, Sida qarTlis
mTianeTSi (oseTSi), inguSeTSi (im droisaTvis jer kidev qristianuli
elementebis mqone mxareSi) da sxva kuTxeebSi, rogorc aRiniSna, iqamde
mxolod da mxolod qarTuli ena gamoiyeneboda, axla, axali programis
Sesabamisad, rusulma ganaTlebis sistemam da samecniero wreebma zedized
gamosces Zalze seriozuli, Rrma mecnieruli kvleva-ZiebiT Seqmnili
ideologiuri
datvirTvis
mqone
naSromebi,
Teoriebi,
lingvisturenaTmecnieruli Txzulebani kuTxuri anbanebis darTviT qarTuli erisagan
misi Semadgeneli kuTxeebis CamosaSoreblad.

gansakuTrebiT iRvwodnen samegrelodan qarTuli enis gansadevnad, erTerT umniSvnelovanes amocanad miiCnies saeklesio RvTismsaxurebidan qarTuli
enis gandevna. Sesabamisad, samegrelos sasuliero wodeba mimarTavda
sapirispiro RonisZiebas.
pirveli kreba (yriloba) samegrelSi mowveuli iqna adgilobrivi
samRvdeloebisa da sazogadoebis TavganwirviT, 1889 wels. kreba Seexo
aTaswlovani qarTuli saeklesio enis dacvis saqmes ruseTis imperiisagan.
rogorc aRiniSna, iv. javaxiSvilis TqmiT, qarTuli saeklesio anu Zveli
qarTuli saliteraturi enis Seqmna-SemuSavebaSi, Tavis droze, anu IV-V
saukuneebSi, TviT megrelebs, svanebs da saqarTvelos sxva kuTxis mcxovrebT
miRebuli hqondaT monawileoba da qarTuli ena iyo kidec erovnuli ena
megrelTa da svanTaTvis, sxvadaxva kuTxis qarTvelobisaTvis, anu saerTo,
saxalxo, saliteraturo erovnuli ena iyo aTaswleulTa manZilze, romlis
mospobasac cdilobda ruseTis saeklesio xelisufleba. am problemis gamo
samegrelosa da saerTod saqarTvelos sazogadoeba wuxda mTeli XIX
saukunis bolo aTwleulebisa da XX saukinis dasawyisSi.
iqamde, 1885 wels, gamoica brZaneba samegrelos skolebSi qarTuli enis
akrZalvis Sesaxeb. amieridan aq rusuli enis swavleba megruli enis
saSualebiT unda momxdariyo. 1889 wels aSordiam rusuli alfabetis
safuZvelze Seqmna `megruli~ anbani. am gulistkiviliTYiyo mowveuli
samegrelos samRvdeloebis kreba 1889 wels, imis SiSiT, rom rusuli
xelisuflebis borotmoqmedebas fesvi ar gaedga, samRvdeloeba win aRudga
xelisufalTa agentebis yovel mcdelobas mama-papeuli saRvTismsaxuro enis
winaaRmdeg mimarTuls, magram imperiam meTodurad gaagrZela Tavisi saqme
qarTuli enis gamosadevnad eklesiebidan. 1892 wels peterburgeli `mecnieri~
vinme levicki megruli skolebisaTvis rusuli enis saxelmZRvanelos adgens
xel-axla gamogonili megruli anbanis safuZvelze, romelic arafriT ar
gansxvavdeboda rusulisagan da damuSavebuli iyo ruseTis mecnierebaTa
akademiis mier. aseTive iyo mTavrobis RonisZiebani svanebis mimarT.
`axali mTargmnelebi~ Seecadnen ise eTargmnaT saRvTo werili, rom arc
erTi qarTuli sityva ar exmaraT. ramdenadac es TiTqmis SeuZlebelia, maT
gamouvidaT sruliad uxeSi, uxamsi da imave dros sasacilo Targmani.
`iverias~ moaqvs am faqtiT `gulamRvreuli megrelis~ werilidan aseTi nimuSi:
`wmidao RmerTo, wmidao Zliero, wmidao ukvdavo~ ase uTargmniaT: `tatali
RoronTi, tatali SeZlebuami, tatali uRuruu, mumexvariT Cqi~. sityva
`tatali~, - wers, `iveria~, - bavSvuri sityvaa da sruliad emsgavseba qarTul
`zizias~, aqedan - `zizia~ RmerTi~101.
`iveria~ dascnis ra aseT mcdelobas, wers: `gana aSkara ar aris, rom
megrelni igive qarTvelni arian, qarTulad metyvelni?~ `aq amaze metic unda
vTqvaT. Tu gindaT namdvili sufTa, darbaisluri mwignobruli qarTuli
moisminoT, megreli Tavad-aznauris ojaxSi unda mibrZandeT. aq ucxo enis
gavlenas sruliad ver SeniSnavT da gesmiT namdvili qarTuli sityva-pasuxi~.
`yovelive zemoaRniSnuls megrelebis mxriv iseTi Seurigebeli protesti
mohyva Sedegad, rom egzarqosi iZulebuli gaxda specialuri komisia Seeqmna
am
sakiTxis
gasarCevad.
komisias
xelmZRvanelobda
guria-samegrelos
episkoposi grigoli. komisiam moawyo eparqiis samRvdeloebisa da mrevlis
gamokiTxva da mTeli samegrelos sazogadoebriv azrze dayrdnobiT miiRo

gadawyvetileba, rom aseTi gardaqmna samegrelos eklesiebSi miuRebelia

rogorc samRvdeloebisaTvis, aseve am kuTxis mTeli mosaxleobisaTvis~102.
am komisiis erT-erTi wevri am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT aRniSnavda: `es
ganzraxva, aramc Tu gamowveuli ar aris xalxis gonebisa da sarwmunoebis
WeSmariti saWiroebebiT, aramed cud-ubralo, zedmeti gamogonebaa, romelic
aravisaTvis saWiro ar aris da piriqiT, Tavisi SedegebiT yovlad mavnebelia.
igi sicudisa da mavneblobis mets arafers uqadis sarwmunoebis siwmides,
gonebriv warmatebasa da uwmides grZnobas xalxis TviTSegnebisa~.
1889 wels axal senakSi gamarTulma samRvdeloebis yrilobam caristuli
mTavrobis
politika
samegrelosa
da
svaneTSi
Seafasa,
rogorc
`mwvaleblobis STanasaxi, yovelgvari gandgomilebis mizezi da saRmrTo
werilebis axirebuli axsna da misi ukuRmarTi Segneba~103.
`mefis xelisuflebisa da saqarTvelos egzarqatis am mzakvrulma
politikam ukiduresad aRaSfoTa qarTveli mowinave inteligencia da
samRvdelobis warmomadgenlebi. ai, ras werda amis Sesaxeb didi qarTveli
pedagogi da mamuliSvili i.gogebaSvili: `am aTiode wlis winaT, swavlaganaTlebis mTavrobam ganizraxa gandevna da aRmofxvra qarTulisa am
qarTuli provinciebidan (samegrelodan da svaneTidan g.r.). am azriT sruliad
amoSala es ena samegrelosa da svaneTis saero skolis programidan, gaauqma
aq misi swavlebac sruliad da savsebiT, Tumca yvela wodeba iqaur mkvidrTa
xmamaRla acxadebda protests aseTis Zalmomreobis winaaRmdeg. es kidev
araferi. imave mTavrobam daiwyo gafacicebiT Tvalyuris devna, rom qarTuli
wignebi ar CavardnodaT xelSi arc megrelebs da arc svanebs, sul erTia
qali iqneboda Tu kaci~.
d. yifianma samegrelos skolebSi `qarTulis magivrad megrulis
SemoRebasTan dakavSirebiT protestis werili gaugzavna saqarTvelos
maSindel
mTavarmarTebels
dondukov-korsakovs,
romelSic
naTqvamia:
`mociqulTa droidan qarTuli ena iyo saeklesio da sakulturo ena
samegreloSi da iq es ena yvelas esmis, amJamad ki axal kulturas nergaven.
megrul enas aswavlian sxva anbanis saSualebiT~, rac d. yifians yovlad
dauSveblad miaCnda104.
cnobili sazogado moRvawe da swavluli Tedo Jordania `sastikad
ibrZoda imaT winaaRmdeg, vinc megrelTa qarTvelobas uaryofda an eWvis qveS
ayenebda. erT-erTi aseTi `megrelTa gulSematkivari~ da vai damcveli iyo
`munjuri meTodis~ motrfiale vinme levicki, romelic gasuli saukunis 90-ian
wlebSi moRvaweobda quTaisis guberniaSi. man samegrelos samonastro
skolebidan gandevna qarTuli, magram male TviT iqna gandevnili Tavisi
samoqmedo asparezidan da es T. Jordanias damsaxurebac iyo. guriasamegrelos
eparqiaSi
samrevlo
skolebis
meTvalyured
xangrZlivi
moRvaweobis dros T. Jordanias uSualo TaosnobiT damtkicda axali
saswavlo gegma samrevlo skolebisaTvis, romelSic qarTuli enisaTvis
TiToeul ganyofilebaSi daTmobili iyo 12 gakveTili, xolo rusul enas
eWira mxolod 6 gakveTili~.
T. Jordanias uSualo gulmodginebiTa da mecadineobiT samegrelis
samrevlo skolebSi, qarTuli ena ara marto daculi
iqna, aramed misi
swavleba maRal doneze iyo dayenebuli. maSin, rodesac is saero, anu
saministro skolebSi saerTod amoRebuli iyo programidan. swored amis

Sedegi iyo is garmeoeba, rom Tu 1896 wels guria-samegrelos eparqiaSi

samrevlo skola sul 64 iyo. moqmedi ki mxolod 12, 1903 wlisaTvis aseTi
skolebis raodenoba gaizarda 232 skolamde. `ase upasuxa aqaurma mosaxleobam
saministros skolebidan qarTulis gandevnas. es iyo yvelaze cxadi
maCvenebeli da sazomi imisa, iyvnen Tu ara megrelebi qarTvelebi~105.
saqarTvelos mtrebma `moindomes qarTuli locvebis gandevna iqidan da,
rogorc es zemoT aRiniSna, vai-inteligentebs megrulad aTargmnines es
locvebi, raTa SemdgomSi eklesiebidan ganedevnaT qarTuli locvebi.
ianovskim es locvebi daabeWdina da egzarqoss daamtkicebina, magram T.
Jordaniam SeZlo misi darwmuneba imaSi, rom es sakiTxi (megruli locvebis
SemoRebis mizanSewoniloba) specialuri komisiisaTvis gadaeca. am komisiam ki
daadgina aseTi RonisZiebebis usafuZvloba da samegrelos eklesiebidan
qarTulis gandevnis mcdeloba kraxiT damTavrda. `am saqmeSi didi wvlili
Seitana samegrelos samRvdeloebam. 1905 wlis 12 ivliss Semdgarma saeklesio
krebam daadgina: 1. daixuros samegrelos yvela saeklesio skola, sanam saero
skolebSi swavleba ar iqneba qarTul enaze; 2. daixuros samegrelos
sasuliero saswavlebeli, sanam skolebi erovnul da pedagogiur niadagze ar
dadgeba; 3. dReis ricxvidan yoveli qaRaldi da mimowera swarmoebdes
mxolod qarTulad. vinc am dadgenilebas daarRvevs, saamxanago sasamarTloSi
iqnas gasamarTlebuli106.
iqamde, 1903 wlis aprilSi T. Jordania piradad eaxla saqarTvelos
egzarqoss aleqsis da damajerebeli argumentebiT daarwmuna, rom samegrelos
samrevlo skolebidan qarTulis amoReba ar SeiZleboda, mas SeiZleba
gamoewvia am kuTxis ara marto mRelvareba, aramed ajanyebac ki aseTi
gadawyvetilebis gamo. samegrelos skolebi amoiRes e. w. `meore tipis~
skolebidan, romlis programaSi qarTulis swavleba ar iyo gaTvaliswinebuli
da gadaiyvanes `pirveli tipis~ skolebis kategoriaSi. qarTuli Tavis
uflebebSi datoves. mas oTxsave ganyofilebaSi cal-calke daTmobili hqonda
18-18 saaTi kviraSi107.
Tu raoden SeZra samegrelos samRvdeloeba qarTuli wirva-locvis
akrZalvis mcdelobam, Cans iqidanac, rom cnobili dayudebuli beri aleqsi
SuSania, romelic sazogadod erideboda Tavisi monastrisa da senakis
datovebas, gzaze gadaudga rus egzarqos aleqsis 1903 wels, misi samegreloSi
mogzaurobis dros da moiTxova mTavrobas Seewyvita qarTuli enis devna
samegreloSi. `1903 wels mefis ruseTis rusifikatoruli politikis
gamtarebeli egzarqosi aleqsi cnobil vostorgovTan erTad cdilobda
samegrelos skolebidan qarTuli enis swavlebis amoRebas. aleqsi beri Tavisi
xis didi jvriT Sexvda gzaSi senakidan TeklaTis dedaTa monasterSi didi
amaliT mimaval egzarqos aleqsis da gadasca rusulad Targmnili Semdegi
saprotesto werili, romelic rusulad uTargmnia senakis sasuliero
saswavleblis inspeqtors daviT kaWaxiZes (SemdgomSi episkoposi): `Tqveno
maRalyovladusamRvdeloesobav, Cemi Zmebisadmi siyvaruli maiZulebs me
mogmarToT Semdegi TxovniT, RmerTis gangebiT Tqven mondobili gaqvT
qarTuli eklesiis marTva, zrunva mis SvilTa xsnaze, romelic SeiZleba
miRweul iqnes Tqveni Cvendami siyvaruliT, romelic macxovris mcnebis
Tanaxmad Tavganwirvamde unda midiodes. Cven ar veWvobT, rom Tqven mxurvaled
giyvarT sakuTari samwyso da amitom gTxovT yuradiRoT vedreba imaTi, visac

Tqven mwyemsavT. rogorc Tqven giyvarT rusi xalxi, rusuli ena da gsurT igi
hyvaodes, zustad aseve moeqeciT Cvens xalxs, Cvens qarTul enas, raTa
mzakvarma ver Camoacilos Cveni Svilebi marTlmadideblur eklesias. uflisa
Cvenisa ieso qristes saxeliT, romelmac Cven urTierTsiyvaruli gvianderZa,
me gTxovT Tqven ar dauSvaT, rom borotma sulma Tqvens yanaSi daTesos
RvarZli mtrobis Tesli da yovelnairad SeuwyoT xeli imas, rom Cven
mWidrod dakavSirebulni did rus xalxTan, erTiani guliT vadidebdeT
RmerTs~. egzarqosi SeaSfoTa xalxSi didi pativiscemiT Semosili moRvawe
beris ase sajarod gamosvlam. igi daafiqra da iqve daamSvida beri da
aRuTqva, es Woria da ar moxdebao. rogorc viciT, es rusifikatoruli
ganzraxva ver ganxorcielda~108.
rogorc TviT aleqsis nawerebidan Cans, qarTuli enis daxvewili,
siRrmiseuli
codna
bunebrivi
iyo
samegrelos
samRvdeloebisaTvis,
magaliTebi aTaswleulTa manZilze gvaqvs.
b. jorbenaZes Tanaxmad, qarTul enas ganviTarebis yvela safexurze
dialeqturi diferenciacia axasiaTebda. XI da XIII saukuneebis qarTveli
mwerlebi zedmiwevniT ganasxvavebdnen saliteraturo da dialeqtur formebs...
saliteraturo
enas
isini
uwodebdnen
`Rrma
sityvawignurs~,
xolo
dialeqtur formas - `soflurs~... saerTod im (da mogviano) periodisaTvis
dialeqturi metyveleba mdabio da damaxinjebul enad miiCneoda. aseT
dialeqtebad miiCneoda mesxeTSi, odiSSi, kaxeTSi da sxva kuTxeebSi mdabioTa
metyveleba109.
`Rirssacnobia samegrelos, WaneTis da sxvaneTis aRweris is monakveTebi,
sadac vaxuSti batoniSvili adgilobrivi mosaxleobis enas exeba. odiSi
(samegrelo): `eniT arian didni da warCinebulni qarTuliTa eniTa, aramed
aqusT Tvisica ena, garna wamxdari qarTuliTve, viTarca: RmerTi RoronTi,
Cemi Cqimi~. WaneTi: `sarwmunoebiTa aw srulad mohmadianni, garna mcire vinme
moipovebian qristianeni, aramed ician kualad qarTuli ena vieTTame~110.
msgvasi damokidebulebaa sxva kuTxur dialeqtTa mimarTac, magaliTad,
sulxan-sabas leqsikonis mixedviT - `svla glexuria, slva unda~, `ajare
iare mesxurad~111.
Tanamedrove gansazRvrebiT `nebismieri dialeqtis warmoqmnis safuZveli
istoriulia... dialeqti enis sivrculi nairsaxeobaa~112. `dialeqtis
warmoqmnas garkveuwilad xels uwyobs istoriul-politikuri faqtoric. enis
danawevrebas
dialeqtebad
nayofier
niadags
uqmnida
feodaluri
partikularizmi. es exeba rogorc eTnikur-teritoriul, aseve socialur da
profesiul dialeqtebs~113.
b. jorbenaZe wers - `erTiani saqarTvelos es kuTxeebi sxvadasxva periodSi
sxvadasxva saxelmwifoebriv gaerTianebebSi Sediodnen, sxvadasxva enis
mflobelebTan hqondaT urTierToba. aman, bunebrivia, metnaklebi zegavlena
iqonia. am dialeqtTa enobriv ierze mniSvneloba iqonia istoriulpolitikurma movlenebmac~114.
dialeqtTa
gamoyofis
erT-erTi
ganmsazrvreli
proncipi
aris
114
saxelmwifoebriv-politikuri .
magaliTad qvemogermanuli da zemogermanuli dialeqtebi enaTmecnieruli
TvalsazrisiT arsebiTad damoukidebeli enebia, raodenobrivi TvalsazrisiT

maT Soris TiTqmis iseTive sxvaobaa, rogorc germanul da inglisur enebs

Soris, miuxedavad amisa isini eTnikur-politikuri wanamZRvrebis gamo
ganixileba rogorc erTi enis dialeqtebi da ara damoukidebeli enebi.
msgavsadve Zvel saqarTveloSi, kuTxuri enebi miiCneoda ara damoukidebel
enebad, aramed saerTo-saxalxo (qarTuli) enis dialeqtebad.
TviT zemo da dasavleT germanul tomobriv `bavariul Svabur da hesenur
kiloebs Soris sxvaoba aranakleb Rrmaa vidre sxvaoba zogierT enebs,
magaliTad, polonursa da Cexurs an serbulsa da bulgaruls Soris115.
`me ver vugeb badenels, bavarielsa da zemogermanels, roca isini Tavis
dialeqtze laparakoben~, - wers germaneli enaTmecnieri115. rogorc aRiniSna,
amis miuxedavad, ara marto maT, aramed qvemo germanulsa da zemogermanuls
ganixilaven viTarca kiloebs (germanuli enis dialeqtebs), romelTac aqvT
sakmaod mniSvnelovani nairsaxeobani fonetikaSi, gramatikasa da leqsikaSi
(msgavsadve, rogorc aRiniSna, Zvel saqarTveloSi adgilobrivi kiloebi
svanuri, zanuri da sxvani qarTuli enis dialeqtebad (e.i. dauxvewav
`soflur~, formebad miiCneoda) aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi dabali fena
`qarTvelebi anu glexebi~, maRali fena `aznaurebi~ (azonis maRali wris
`STamomavlebi~), aseve dasavleT saqarTveloSi dabali fena `margalebi~,
maRali fena `zinosquebi~, sxvadasxva socialuri kiloebiT (dialeqtebiT)
metyveleben, magram yvelani mTlianobaSi `qarTvelebi~ arian da erTi
qarTuli ena aqvT.
dialeqtebs
axasiaTebs
urTierTgamijvnis
tendecniac,
magaliTad,
xevsurul kiloze moubari acxades - `me xevsurulad vici saubari,
qarTvelebTan ver vici saubari, imaT ukvirdis~ (e.i. xevsuri da `qarTveli~
saubriT gansxvavdebian). `qarTvelSi~ aq igulisxmeba baris kilos mflobeli,
magram imaves ambobs zemoimereli - `Cveni laparaki ar ari imeruli, aramed
qarTuli~ (e.i. qarTuli anu literaturuli qarTuli)116. dialeqtebis
warmoSoba-Camoyalibebas xSirad gansazRvravs saxelmwifo-administraciuli
sazRvrebis xangrZlivi mdgradoba. Tu sazRvrebi xSirad icvleba (or-sam
aTeul weliwadSi erTxel), aseTi cvlileba raime arsebiT zegavlenas ar
axdens metyvelebaze, magram, rogorc aRiniSna, mdgradi sazRvari did
gavlenas axdens masze. agreTve, gamoTqmulia mosazreba, ukve gauqmebuli da
aRar arsebuli politikuri sazRvari kvlav uwyobs xels dialeqturi formis
SenarCunebas, magaliTad germanuli enis dialeqtebis mimarT aseTi varaudia
gamoTqmuli: `amJamad aRar arsebuli politikuri sazRvrebi abrkoleben
enobriv cvlilebebs ara umetes 300 wlisa, xolo axali politikuri
sazRvrebis zegavlena mkafiod iCens Tavs ukve 30-40 wlis Semdeg~ (k. haagi)117.
maSasadame, imeruli dialeqti iarsebebs imereTis samefos sazRvrebis
gauqmebidan kidev 300 wlis manZilze, e.i. 1810 wlidan vidre daaxloebiT 2100
wlamde, Tuki is erTian saqarTveloSi Semavali iqneba. Tavisi daniSnulebiT
ena socialuri Rirebulebis mqone movlenaa. socialuria im gagebiTac, Tu
rogor iyenebs mas sazogadoebis esa Tu is fena. ase, rom ena zogjer
gamomxatvelia misi mqoneblis sazogadoebriv, socialuri mdgomareobisa118.
`ena SesaZlebelia gamoyenebul iqnes (gamoiyeneboda da axlac gamoiyeneba)
klasobrivi, klanobrivi Tu kastobrivi dapirispirebis xazgasasmelad. es
ueWvelad faqtia119. inglisSi XIX s. I naxevarSi `muSebi laparakobdnen sxva

dialeqtze~, socialuri TvalsazrisiT dapirispirebulia ara mxolod

dialeqtebi, aramed enebic119.
saqarTvelos kuTxeebSic dabali fenebi (glexebi) metyvelebdnen `soflur~
anu dialeqtur kiloze, xolo saerTo-saxalxo-saliteraturo ena, romelsac
zeda fena iyenebda da eklesiaSic RvTismsaxurebisas gamoiyeneboda sxva iyo.
amitom glexebis ena sxva kilo iyo, xolo `zinosquebis~ (aznauriSvilebis) ena
sxva (e.i. saliteraturo qarTuli) iyo. eklesiaSic tradiciulad Zvel
qarTuli (IV-V saukuneebis) ena gamoiyeneboda. amiT vlindeba sazogadoebis
socialuri diferenciacia. `maRali sazogadoeba~ Tavis gamorCevis mizniT,
Cveulebriv, cdilobda eniTac gamoexata Tavisi gansakuTrebuloba sxva
fenebisagan, am SemTxvevaSi glexebisagan. am ukanasknelis mier gamoyenebuli
kilo asaxavda enis ganviTarebas istoriulad, aseve dacilebas sivrcobrivad
centraluri dialeqtisagan, saqarTvelos maRali fenebi da eklesia icavda
mwignobruli enis daurRvevlobas, mis Zvel formebs. msgavsi viTareba iyo
msoflios mraval qveyanaSi. magaliTad indoeTSi sanskriti iTvleboda
`RmerTebis,
mefeebis,
Tavadebis,
brahmanebis,
saxelmwifo
moRvaweebis,
kariskacebis, umaRlesi fenis sxva warmomadgenlebis, sazogado ki mamakacebis,
wes-CveulebaTa ritualis amsrulebel qalTa enad, xolo prakriti ki piriqiT
dabali fenis mamakacebis, wvrilfexa mosaqmeebis da TiTqmis yvela qalis
enad~120. socialuri diferenciacia ivaraudeba uZveles sazogadoebaSive120.
`ivaraudeba, rom pirvelyofil adamianebs gamomuSavebeli hqondaT
socialuri enebi, romelTac mxolod sazogadoebis gansazRvruli jgufebi
iyenebdnen (l. levi-briuli)~121.
enaTa da dialeqtTa Taviseburebebs gare faqtorebic apirobebs - `zanuris
dacileba megrulTan Seapiroba Wanurze Turquli enis zegavlenam, TviT
megrulSi Tavs iCens afxazuridan momdinare movlenebi, xolo afxazurs
megruli metyvelebis zegavlena etyoba. Cerqezul-yabardoulis kvali
SeigrZnoba svanurSi. svanuris gavlena dastyobia dasavleT saqarTvelos
Crdilo regionSi gavrcelebul qarTuli enis dialeqtebs~122. mTaraWuli
enobrivad saerTos poulobs aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTis dialeqtebTan123.
(`dasxa didoeTidan svaneTamde~). TuSuri, xevsuruli da moxeuri msgavsi
enobrivi
niSnebiT
uaxlovdeba
zemoraWuls
da
agreTve
svanuris
dialeqtebs124. saerTod ki maT axasiaTebT Zveli qarTulis formebi, rogorc
TviTon uwodeben `Zveleburi laparaki~125. dialeqtTaSorisi urTierTobis
saSualebas koine anu zedialeqti warmoadgens, aseTi iyo Zveli qarTuli ena,
anu rac igivea saeklesio ena anu erovnuli ena Zvel saqarTveloSi.
SesaZlebelia, rom Zveli qarTuli ena iyo is fuZe ena, romlisaganac
Semdgom aTaswleulTa manZilze warmoiqmna yvela dialeqti sxvadasxva
faqtoris gavleniT.
afxazeTSi Seqmnili specifikuri viTarebis gamo rus dampyroblebs XIX s.
70-90-ian wlebSi imedi miecaT, rom afxazeTSi mainc SeZlebdnen Tavisi miznis
miRwevas da qarTuli enis gamoZevebas am regionidan. rogorc iTqva, aRniSnul
wlebSi saqarTvelos Sida kuTxeebSi qarTveloba usamarTlobad miiCnevda
slavur enovani RvTismsaxurebis aRsrulebas qarTul eklesiebSi. amis
sapasuxod sagangebod daweril vrcel samecniero-ideologiur naSromSi rusi
avtori wers - `Tu ar aris samarTliani qarTul eklesiebSi slavur enaze

RvTismsaxurebis aRsruleba, maSin aseve usamarTloa afxazTa samrevloebSi

mxari davuWiroT qarTuls. RvTismsaxureba aResruleba saeklesio qarTul
enaze imis momizezebiT, rom es mxare (afxazeTi) odesRac qarTvelTa samefos
damokidebulebis qveS imyofeboda. samarTali moiTxovs, rom es wesi
Seicvalos, afxazeTSi, romelic mahmadianTagan gaTavisuflda rusuli
sisxliT da saxsrebiT. rusuli mflobelobis gansamtkiceblad saeklesio
damokidebulebis mxriv, ruseTis saxelmwifosaTvis didi mniSvnelobis gamo,
afxazeTi rac SeiZleba mWidrod unda daukavSirdes ruseTs Tavisi mkvidri
mosaxleobiT, TandaTanobiT masSi RvTismsaxurebis saeklesio slavur enaze
aRsrulebiT, risTvisac unda Seiqmnas skola oboli afxazebisaTvis. masSi
aRzrdilebi unda gaigzavnon erTni maswavleblebad afxazeTis saeklesio
samrevlo skolebSi, raTa mkvidr bavSvebs saeklesio rusuli wera-kiTxva da
ganaTleba miaRebinos. sxvebi pirdapir xeldasxmul unda iqnen mRvdlebad da
medaviTneebad~126 wers rusul saeklesio wreebTan daaxlebuli rusi
ideologi Tavis vrcel da yovelmxriv samecniero aparatiT aRWurvil
naSromebSi. es wigni didxans da dReisaTvisac ki erT-erTi umTavresi
saistorio naSromia afxazeTis Sesaxeb saeklesio wreebSi.
vfiqrob, am wignSi pirvelad gamoiTqva mravali is azri, romelic dRemdea
gabatonebuli, magaliTad, qarTvelebi sxva xalxia, Zveli afxazebi ki sxva,
rom TiTqos Sua saukuneebSi qarTvelma mefeebma daipyres afxazeTi da
gaabatones
aq
qarTuli
ena,
rom
qarTvelma
mefeebma
Tavis
arasaxelmwifoebrivi midgomiT `daRupes afxazeTi~ - ,
, :

127, rom afxazi mefeebi mtkiced ebrZodnen qarTvel mefeebs
, sinamdvileSi ki `saqarTvelo~ XI s.
dasawyisSi swored afxazeTisa da tao-klarjeTis gaerTianebul samefos
erqva. gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos pirveli dedaqalaqic aq iyo, kerZod ki
bedia iyo rogorc sataxto, ise sajdomi qalaqi pirveli qarTveli mefeebisa,
aqve daikrZalnen kidec bagrat III,
giorgi I,
TviT legendaruli egrosi.
Zveli afxazebi eTnikuri qarTvelebi iyvnen, amitomac eklesiebsa da samefo
palatebSi wirva-locva da saqmis warmoeba qarTuli eniT xdeboda. mxolod
erTiani saqarTvelos daSlis Semdeg dasustebul afxazeTSi gansakuTrebiT
XVII s-is dasawyisidan Camosaxldnen Crdilo kavkasieli mTieli, kerZod ki
adiRe-Cerqezuli
mebrZoli
tomebi,
romelnic
molaSqreebis
saxiT
gamoiyeneboda mkvidri qarTveli (Zveli afxazi) mTavrebisa da Tavadebis mier.
sabolood ki es Tavisufali fena molaSqreebisa gabatonda kidec mkvidr
qarTvel mosaxleobaze. qarTvelebi (megrelebi) iqcnen `agiruebad~ (niSnavs
megrels) dabal, damorCilebul, damonebul (daymevebul), glexur fenad,
amaTi ena kvlav qarTuli iyo (megruli), sarwmunoeba kvlav qristianuli,
xolo gabatonebuli Crdilokavkasielebi (axla ukve afxazebad saxeldebulni
qveynis mpyrobelobis gamo) mahmadianebi anda warmarTebi iyvnen adireCerqezuli eniT (romelsac SemdgomSi `afxazuri ena~ ewoda). rusebis
gabatonebis Semdeg ruseT-TurqeTis omis dros afxazeTidan TurqeTSi
gadasaxlda 10.000-mde muslimani, swored eseni iyvnen is Crdilokavkasieli
dampyroblebi (Cerqezebi), romlebic iqamde gabatonebuli iyvnen afxazeTSi
(amitomac ewodeba kidec dResac ki TurqeTsa da eraySi mcxovreb maT

STamomavlebs `Cerqezebi~ da ara `afxazebi~). imis Semdeg, rac rusulma

xelisuflebam Tavidan moiSora afxazeTSi maTdami mtrulad ganwyobili
mosaxleoba,
gadawyvita
afxazeTSi
darCenili
mosaxleobis
bazaze
Camoeyalibebina Tavis erTguli axali xalxi, axali ideologiiT da axali
orientaciiT. Tu rogor unda moexerxebina es, amis Sesaxeb vrclad ayalibebs
Tavis programas (mTavrobis samoqmedi gegmas) aRniSnuli avtori aRniSnul
wignSi - - , ., 1888.
es ase unda momxdariyo, adiRe-Cerqezi mahmadiani mflobelebis TurqeTSi
gadasaxlebis Semdeg afxazeTSi darCa sul 52.000 suli, aqedan avtoris azriT,
mdinare bzifidan kodoramde 15.000, kodoridan mdinare gudavamde 12.000,
gudavidan enguramde 25.000. aqedan 50.000 qristiani, 2.000 muslimani. cxadia,
qristianebi es Zveli mkvidri qarTuli mosaxleobaa, amas miuTiTebs Tundac
gudavidan enguramde (e.i. samurzayanoSi) mcxovrebi aRniSnuli mosaxleobis
naxevari samurzayanoelebi yovelTvis qarTvelebi iyvnen, magram avtori
umtkicesi moTxovniT ubrZanebs rusis moxeleebs araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar
miakuTvnon samurzayanoelebi megrelebs, aramed uwodon maT afxazebi. ai,
rogor sicrues wers igi samurzayanoelTa Sesaxeb ,
,
128 .
jer kidev misionerebi kargad aRwerdnen, rom mdinare kodoramde mTeli
mosaxleoba megruli iyo. xolo samurzayanod wodebuli miwa sul axali
dapyrobili iyo XIX s. dasawyisSi afxazTa mTavrebis mier da, cxadia,
mosaxleobac megruli iyo, magram, rogorc iTqva, aRniSnuli da sxva avtorideologTa mier mizanmimarTulad miecaT rCeva ruseTis elitarul wreebs
CaeTvalaT es miwa afxazebis teritoriad.
rogorc iTqva, 1866 wels Cerqezuli tomebis TurqeTSi gadasaxlebis
Semdeg afxazeTSi darCenili mkvidri mosaxleobis (e.i. eTnikuri qarTvelebis)
mimarT SemuSavda aseTi programa: 1. araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda
eRiarebinaT, rom isini iyvnen megrelebi. gamoacxades isini eTnikur afxazebad;
2. miiCnies, rom maTi mSobliuri ena aris afxazuri (maSin, roca es ena am
mosaxleobam ar icoda, isini megrulad laparakobdnen); 3. sagangebod unda
aRzrdiliyo maTTvis sasuliero pirebi, romelnic afxazur (Cerqezul) da
rusul-slavur saRvTismsaxuro enas Seitandnen afxazeTis eklesiebSi (e.i.
eklesiebidan unda ganedevnaT qarTuli ena). aRiSnuli avtori wuxiliT wers,
rom afxazeTSi darCenil am 50.000 qristians, romelnic gaerTianebuli arian
60 soflis 20 samrevloSi, mwysida qarTveli (imereli) samRvdeloeba, qarTuli
saRvTismsaxuro eniT. zizRiT wers, rom 129. avtoris
azriT, `afxazebi SeZleben qristianobis gaTavisebas mas Semdeg, rac maT
miecaT SesaZlebloba qadageba moisminon TavianT mSobliur enaze, maSin roca
maT Soris gamoCndebian afxazi misionerebi, momzadebulni rusul skolebSi
130. 4. gamoarCies
afxazeTSi megrelTa (e.i. mkvidrTa Soris) bavSvebi, romelnic aRzardes
specialur
saswavleblebSi,
Caunerges
maT
`afxazuri~
TviTSemecneba,
Seaswavles afxazuri (e.i. Cerqezuli) ena rusul-slavurTan erTad da
Seagzavnes afxazeTis eklesiebSi darCenili qarTuli (megruli) mosaxleobis
gasaafxazeblad. faqtobrivad, rusebma am xerxiT marTlac Camoayalibes axali
afxazi eri, afxazuri (e.i. Cerqezuli) eniTa da megruli gvarebiT. ruseTma

miaRwia mizans mis mimarT mtrulad ganwyobili Zveli afxazeTis nacvlad

maT miiRes axali maTTvis megobari kuTxe. am programis erTi mTavari
saSualeba iyo qarTuli saeklesio enis gaZeveba afxazeTidan. igive surdaT
maT saqarTvelos yvela kuTxeSi, maT Soris samegreloSic. Tumca avtori ar
malavs Tavis wyenas megrelebis mimarT, radganac samegreloSi ver SeZles
TavianTi miznis miRweva. amitomac avtori xSirad wers aseT Sefasebebs
TiTqosda
afxazTa
mimarT
megrelebi
intriganebi
da
mabezRara
cilismwameblebi arian 131,
132 da sxv. aqedan Cans, rom rusuli gegmebi CaiSala samegrelos
mimarT da samegrelo ver CamoaSores qarTveli eris erTian sxeuls. Tavisi
udidesi wvlili am wmida saqmeSi Seitana samegrelos saeklesio krebebma, am
krebaTa wmida mamebma, romelTac daicves aTaswliani tradiciebi, erovnuli
eklesia da sarwmunoeba SeunarCunes RvTimsSoblis wilxvedr ers.
8. 1905 w. 7 oqtombers Sedga TavadaznaurTa wanamZRvrebis kreba, sadac
aRiZra sakiTxi saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb. am sakiTxis gamo
9 oqtombers namestniks gansakuTrebuli komisia warudga133.
9. 1905 wlis 11 oqtombers 14 saaTze mefisnacvals (`namestniks~) warudga
delegacia, romelic Sedgeboda tfilisisa da quTaisis TavadaznaurTa
marSlebisagan da saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxidan Camosuli wevrebisagan.
mas miarTves peticia. delegacia iTxovda avtokefaliis aRdgenas. Tavadma
v.miqelaZem kerZod ganucxada mefisnacvals: `saqarTvelos eklesias aRara
hyavs meTauri, aRar aqvs kanonieri avtokefalia... mas unda daubrundes xalxis
mier arCeuli kaTalikosi... ganzraxuli avtonomia kavkasiis eklesiisa
mitropolitis meTaurobiT ver daakmayofilebs qarTvel ers... am cvlilebebiT
moispoba saqarTvelos eklesiis mravalsaukunovani arsebobis ukanaskneli
kvalic ki~...
namestnikis pasuxis Tanaxmad, wamoyenebuli sakiTxebi axlo momavalSi
unda ganxiluliyo, Semdeg ki ganacxada: ramdenadac vici saqarTvelos
eklesias ar hyolia erTi meTauri, hyavda ori kaTalikosi imereTisa da
qarTl-kaxeTisa. aqedan Cans, rom mas ar surda erTiani saqarTvelos eklesiis
Camoyalibeba.
10. ruseTis eklesiis momavali saeklesio krebisaTvis peterburgis
sasuliero akademiis saqarTvelos saeklesio istoriis kaTedris profesor
i.sokolovs mitropolitma antonim miando Seedgina moxseneba saqarTvelos
eklesiis avtokefaliaze134. 1905 w. 16 XI kirionma, leonidem da eqvTimem
peticia
gaugzavnes
imperators.
imperatorma
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
avtokefaliis sakiTxis ganxilva miando rusTis momaval saeklesio krebas.
11. sruliad saqarTvelos samRvdeloeba 1905 wlis 9 dekembers Seikriba
TbilisSi saeklesio krebaze. kreba gagrZelda 18 dekembramde. yoveldRiurad
kreba muSaobda 6-7 saaTs.
krebis mowevas win uZRoda Semdegi garemoeba: 1905 wlis 6 agvistos
moTxovnebi peterburgSi daarsebuli sagangebo komisiisaTvis, sadac maT
ganixilavdnen.
saqarTvelos
samRvdeloebam
saswrafod
isargebla
am
viTarebiT da sxvadasxva kuTxidan komisiaSi igzavneboda peticiebi. ZiriTadad
aseTi azriT: `saqarTvelos eklesias moespo winandeli avtokefaluri marTva
gamgeoba, ramac dasca Cveni eklesia da sarwmunoeba. biurokratulma wes-

wyobilebam mospo eklesiaSi kaTalikosis da sxvaTa arCeviTi ufleba~. aseTi

moTxovnebis sapirispirod ruseTis uwmidesma sinodma ineba mTel imperiaSi
daearsebina samitropolito olqebi. erT aseT olqs unda moecva mTeli
kavkasia, maSasadame amiT unda gauqmebuliyo saqarTvelos saegzarqoso,
maSasadame
qarTuli
eklesiuri
Zveli
TavisTavadobis
mcire
naSTi,
romelzedac apirebdnen axali avtokefaluri eklesiis agebas. amitomac
saqarTvelos episkoposebma kerZod, imereTis episkoposma leonidem, guriasamegrelos episkoposma eqvTimem da alaverdelma petrem ganucxades
saqarTvelos egzarqoss 1906 wlis 14 ianvramde miniWeboda saqarTvelos
eklesias avtokefalia, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, am sityvis Semdeg TviTonve
Seikribeba sruliad saqarTvelos samRvdeloeba da TviTonve aRadgens
avtokefalur marTva-gamgeobaso.
amisaTvis saWirod iqna miCneuli saqarTvelos mTeli samRvdeloebisagan
arCeuli delegatebis TbilisSi Sekreba saWiro Tadarigis dasaWerad. am
krebas unda SeemuSavebina saqarTvelos eklesiis reorganizaciis gegma.
marTlac 9 dekembers kreba Sedga wmida nikolozis saswavleblis SenobaSi,
daeswrnen imereTis episkoposi leonide da gorisa eqvTime. krebam SeimuSava
saqarTvelos eklesiis reorganizaciis gegmis proeqti, romelic SemdgomSi
unda wardgenoda dasamtkiceblad sruliad saqarTvelos momaval saeklesio
krebas. es gegma Sedgeboda ramdenime Tavisagan (ZiriTadi principebi, eklesiis
wes-wyobileba, sakaTalikoso sabWo, kaTalikosi, saeklesio, saeparqio krebebi,
episkoposi, saolqo saZmo kreba, samrevlo, krebuli, saeklesio qonebrivi
uflebani da samRvdeloebis rwmebis wesi). radganac ruseTis imperia ar iyo
erovnuli saxelmwifo saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis, amitomac krebam am
droisaTvis
gadawyvita
eklesiis
gaTavisufleba
saxelmwifosagan
da
saxelmwifosi eklesiisagan, ise rom saxelmwifo ar unda Careuliyo eklesiis
saqmeSi da piriqiT, Tumca ki krebam saxelmwifo daavaldebula jamagiri anu
xelfasi eZlia saqarTvelos samRvdeloebisaTvis Semdegi mosazrebebis gamo:
`$26. sanam is saeklesio qonebani, romelnic xanizis xelSi gadavida da
dResac xazinis xelSi imyofeba, qarTvel xalxs ar daubrundeba da sanam im
saeklesio qonebaTa Rirebuleba, romelnic kerZo pirTa xelSia gadasuli
momavals sakaTalikoso sabWos ar gadaecema saqarTvelos eklesiis
moTxovnilebaTa dasakmayofileblad... saxelmwifo valdebulia qarTvel
samRvdeloebas jamagiri aZlios, xolo mrevlma imdeni misces, ramdenic
uzrunvelyofs maT arsebobas~135.
saqarTvelos eklesiis reorganizaciis gegmis proeqtSi naTqvamia:
saqarTvelos eklesia aris morwmune qarTvelebisagan Semdgari da `erTis
wmidis, kaTolike da samociqulo eklesiis~ principebze damyarebuli
sarwmnoebrivi sazogadoeba, romlis mizania misi wevrebis sarwmunoebriv
moTxovnilebaTa
dakmayofileba.
mas
ufleba
aqvs
sxva
eklesiaTagan
damoukideblad iarsebos. eklesia ar exeba Tavis mrevls rogorc wevrebs
saxelmwifosas, aseve saxelmwifosac ara aqvs ufleba Caerios eklesiis
Sinagan wes-wyobilebaSi.
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
teritorias
Seadgens
qarTvelis
tomiT
dasaxlebuli adgilebi exlandeli Tbilisisa da quTaisis guberniebisa,
zaqaTalisa, soxumisa, baTumisa da yarsis olqTa sazRvrebSi. mTeli

teritoria danawevrebuli iyo oTx eparqiad, eparqiebi iyofoda olqebad, es

kanasknelni ki samrevloebad.
saqarTvelos eklesiis samRvdeloebas Seadgens a) kaTalikos-mamamTavari;
b) sami episkoposi; g) mRvdlebi; d) diakvnebi; e) medaviTneebi.
morwmuned iTvleba yoveli naTelRebuli qali da kaci, romelic aRiarebs
marTlmadideblur swavlebas da emorCileba saeklesio wes-wyobilebas.
saqarTvelos eklesias saTaveSi udgas: a) sruliad saqarTvelos saeklesio
kreba; b) sakaTalikoso sabWo kaTalikosis TavmjdomareobiT. kreba Sedgeba
120 wevrisagan (40 samRvdelo + 80 morwmuneTa delegacia). krebas
Tavmjdomareobs kaTalikosi, xolo mis mudmiv wevrebad iTvleba yvela
qarTveli episkoposi. kreba SeiZleba iyos Cveulebrivi 3 w. erTxel da
araCveulebrivi roca saWiroeba moiTxovs.
sakaTalikoso sabWo Sedgeba 3 wlis vadiT arCeuli 8 wevrisagan (4
samRvdelo + 4 morwmune), Tavmjdomareobs kaTalikosi. sakaTalikoso sabWos
kompetencias eqvemdebareba saqmeebi eklesiis Sesaxeb, romelsac mas kreba
daakisrebs.
kaTalikosi aris mxolod pirveli Tanaswor episkoposTa Soris da
mxolod zogierT sakiTxSi (am wesdebiT gansazRvrulia) aqvs gansxvavebuli
uflebani. igi, rogorc yvela episkoposi, emorCileba krebis samarTals.
kaTalikoss irCeven: yvela qarTveli episkoposi, 30 warmomadgeneli eklesiisa
(aqedan 15 qarTlis eparqiisa), 60 morwmune delegati, amtkicebs xelmwife.
saeparqio kreba Sedega 90 wevrisagan (30 samRvdelo + 60 morwmune)
Tavmjdomareobs
episkoposi.
kreba
imarTeba
weliwadSi
1
an
saWiroebisdagvarad.
saeparqio sabWos Tavmjdomareobs episkoposi. mis garda sabWoSi Sedis 6
wevri (2 samRvdelo, aqedan 1 medaviTne + 4 morwmune). airCevian 3 wlis vadiT.
episkoposs aqvs sruli ufleba a) eparqiaSi qadagebisa; b) yovelgvari
mRvdelmoqmedebisa;
g)
morwmuneebze
uzenaesi
zrunvisa;
d)
masze
damokidebulia, sarwmunoebriv sakiTxebSi eparqiis yvela wevri; e) wirvalocvaze moxsenieba. amas wesdebiT ganesazRvreba valdebulebebic.
episkoposs irCevs kreba eparqiis samRvdeloTa, ricxviT 30 kaTalikosis an
misi rwmunebulis xelmZRvanelobiT.
saolqo saZmo krebaSi monawileoben olqis yvela krebulTa wevrebi. saZmo
saolqo sabWo Sedgeba Tavmjdomarisa da 4 wevrisagan.
samrevlos gaxsna ar SeiZleba, Tu morwmuneTa ricxvi imdenad mcirea, rom
taZrisa da mRvdlis Senaxva ar SeuZlia. samrevlo krebas Seadgens yvela
srulwlovani morwmune (21 wlisa).
krebuls Seadgenen mRvdeli, diakoni da medaviTne. wesis mixedviT,
samRvdeloebas unda inaxavdes marto mrevli. amitom qarTuli saeklesio
qonebani, romelic ruseTis xazinis xelSia (saidanac samRvdeloeba iRebs
jamagirs) unda daubrundes qarTvel xalxs. aseve sakaTalikoso sabWos unda
gadaeces im saeklesio qonebis Rirebuleba, romelic kerZo pirTa xelSia.
xalxis gadasaxads unda Camoakldes is jami, romelic Seadgens qarTveli
samRvdeloebis jamagirs. sanam es yvelaferi ganxorcieldeba da sanam
ruseTis an kerZod kavkasiis damfuZnebeli kreba samRvdelobis rCenis sakiTxs
gadawyvetdes, saxelmwifo valdebulia aZlios samRvdeloebas jamagiri.
1905 wlis ambebis ganxilvisas s.kakabaZe wers - `qarTvelma samRvdeloebam
mesveurebs mosTxova dauyovnebliv aRedginaT qarTuli eklesiisaTvis

saukunis win ukanonod warTmeuli avtokefalia. am moTxovnam mwvave

politikuri
JReradoba
SeiZina.
imJamindel
publikaciebSi
vrclad
ganmartavdnen
avtokefaliis
aRdgenis
arss
da
mas
erovnulganmaTavisuflebeli programis ganuyofel nawilad Tvlidnen, miuTiTebdnen,
rom avtokefaliis mospobas CvenSi mohyva qarTuli enis gandevna eklesiisa da
saeklesio ganaTlebis sferodan, sarwmunoebrivi grZnobis Sesusteba da
aqedan gamomdinare mravali uaryofiTi sazogadoebrivi movlenis gaCena.
avtokefaliis aRdgena am TvalsazrisiT xels Seuwyobda erovnulobisa da
sarwmunoebis progress... ilia WavWavaZe, rogorc misi Tanamedroveni
gadmogvcemen, safuZvlianad ecnoboda saqarTvelos saeklesio isotorias,
kerZod, avtokefaliis problemas... aqtiurad monawileobda avtokefaliisaTvis
dawyebul sazogadoebriv moZraobaSi. 1905 w. am ambebis TviTmxilvelis vl.
axmetelis mowmobiT, ilia eswreboda qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis
sakiTxisadmi miZRvnil yrilobas, romelic muSaobda nikolozis eklesiis
(yofil riyis quCaze) saswavleblis SenobaSi. aq Tavi moiyara mravalma pirma,
maT
Soris
social-demokratebmac.
sxdomas
Tavmjdomareobda
markoz
tyemalaZe, romelmac mravali argumenti moiyvana qarTuli eklesiis
avtokefaliis aRdgenis sasargeblod. kamaTis dros darbazSi Semovida ilia
WavWavaZe, romelsac sityvis Tqma Txoves, magram iliam cudi janmrTeloba
moimizeza da uari ganucxada... gamosuli oratorebi moiTxovdnen saqarTvelos
eklesiis avtokefaloba roca aRdgeba, kvlav unda daubrundes saeklesio
miwebio, ilias uTqvams `Tqven moiTxovT saeklesio mamulebis aRdgenas, gareT
xalxi ki moiTxovs saeklesio da saTavado miwebis CamorTmevas. amas Tavi
daanebeT. Cveni xalxi morwmunea, sarwmunoebis moTayvanebi da morwmune da
RvTis mosavi xalxi mudam Seinaxavs Tavis sulier mamas~136.
saerTod, imdroindeli qarTveli mamuliSvilebi da patriotulad
ganwyobili
sazogadoeba
qarTvel
samRvdeloebasTan
erTad
aqtiurad
msjelobda avtokefaliis sakiTxebze, am sagans ganixilavdnen ilias binaze
xSirad mowyobil SexvedrebSic.
1904
wlidan
qarTveli
social-federalistebi
miznad
isaxavdnen
saqarTvelosaTvis avtonomiis mopovebas ruseTis federaciul saxelmwifoSi.
ruseTis ministrTa sabWos komitetis Tavmjdomare s.vitte nikoloz II-isadmi
wardgenil
moxsenebaSi
(9.X.1905)
saWirod
Tvlida
saqarTvelosaTvis
avtonomiis miniWebas. 1905 wlis 17 oqtombris manifestiT ruseTSi gamocxadda
sityvis, beWdvisa da rwmenis Tavisufleba, saqarTveloSi scades iseTi
partiis Seqmna, romelmac miznad daisaxavda saqarTvelosaTvis erovnuli
avtonomiis miniWebs. am jgufTan TanamSromlobda iliac, romelic Tvlida,
rom
partiis
programis
erT-erTi
mTavari
sakiTxi
unda
yofiliyo
saqarTvelos (iveriis) eklesiisaTvis avtokefaliis dabruneba da qarTuli
eklesiis
erovnul-saxelmwifoebriv
niadagze
mowyoba.
am
programis
originalis fragmentebi gamoqveynebuli aqvs p.ratians wignSi `ilia WavWavaZe,
filosofiuri da socialur-politikuri Sexedulebani~137.
ilias surda avtokefaluri qarTuli eklesiis erovnul-saxelmwifoebriv
niadagze mowyoba. aRsaniSnavia, rom amJamad 1998 wlisaTvis, saqarTvelos
eklesia arc erovnul da miT umetes, arc saxelmwifoebriv niadagze
mowyobili ar aris. eklesia kanonis Tanaxmad, mxolod morwmuneTa
gaerTianebaa, gamoyofili saxelmwifos yovelgvari, maT Soris, ganaTlebis

sistemidanac. evropul qveynebSi ki `erovnul eklesiis~ statusis miniWeba

gamoxatavs mocemuli eklesiis `saxalxoobas~. saxalxo eklesia kanonis ZaliT
miiCneva qveynis umTavres eklesiad. eris udidesi nawilis sulier
gamaerTaineblad, romelsac kanonismieri upiratesobani eniWeba sxva mcire,
araerovnul eklesiebTan SedarebiT.
sxva cnobiT, 1903 wlis agvistoSi ilia Sexvda da mouwona saqarTvelos
avtonomiis idea social-federalistebs138. es idea, rogorc Cans, ilias mier
miewoda qarTvel TavadaznaurTa krebas, romelsac mniSvnelovani avtoriteti
gaaCnda
saimperatoro
xelisuflebis
winaSe.
1905
wlis
1
aprils
TavadaznaurTa sagangebo krebam ilias aqtiuri monawileobiT ganixila
saqarTvelos avtonomiis sakiTxi. krebam mimarTa imperators da iTxova
mieniWebina
saqarTvelosaTvis
`ufleba
sakuTari
kanonebiT
marTva139
gamgeobisa~ . paralelurad qarTveloba iRvwoda eklesiis avtokefaliis
aRsadgenad, romelSic rTavda yvelaze gamoCenil inteligentebs, 1905 wlis 24
seqtembers iliasa da sxvaTa xelmoweriT niko nikolaZes foTSi gaugzavnes
werili, romelSic Txovdnen Camosuliyo TbilisSi, raTa SeerTeboda qarTul
deputacias mefisnacvalTan saqarTvelos eklesiis vatokefaliis aRdgenis
moTxovnis gadacemis dros. marTlac, 1905 wlis 11 oqtombers kavkasiis
mefisnacvalma
miiRo
saqarTvelos
deputacia
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
avtokefaliis sakiTxis gansaxilvelad (ilias monawileobiT)140.
amasTan
erTad,
sazogadod
qarTveli
samRvdeloeba
moiTxovda
avtokefaliis aRdgenas. amitomac 1905 wlis oqtombris meore naxevarSi Sedga
samRvdeloebis kreba-yriloba riyis wmida nikolozis eklesiis saswavleblis
SenobaSi - `Sua laparakSi rom iyo batoni samson fircxalava, swored am
dros krebis darbazis kari gaiRo da fexi Semodga iliam. krebam erTxmad
mimarTa did ilias da sTxova Tavisi azri gamoeTqva. iliam nelis xmiT
ganacxada: - eqimidan akrZaluli maqvs laparaki gulis tkivilis gamo, amitom
ver vilaparakebo. mainc damswreTa daJinebiT mudaras angariSi gauwia da
ramdenime saxelmZRvanelo azri warmosTqva. jdomelad ilaparaka...141.
rogorc cnobilia, saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxi kavkasiis
mefisnacvalma ver gadawyvita (da arc SeeZlo gadaewyvita), amitomac am
sakiTxis ganxilva gagrZelda peterburgSi wmida sinodis winaSe. saxelmwifos
sabWos sxva qarTveli wevris mogonebiT, ilias gadawyvetili hqonda sabWoSi
Seetana moTxovna, raTa saqarTvelos micemoda sruli avtonomia142, amave
dros, saqarTvelos eklesiis sakiTxis peterburgSi ganxilvas aqcevda did
yuradRebas, kerZod, 1906 wlis 6-8 aprils ilia airCies saxelmwifo sabWos
wevrad, male dabrunda TbilisSi da kvlav gaemgzavra peterburgSi maisis
dasawyisSi episkopos kirionTan erTad143. peterburgSi episkoposi leonidec
Cavida, isini xSirad iyvnen iliasTan, magaliTad, 1906 wlis ivlisSi kirioni,
leonide da ilia marTali erTad daeswrnen peterburSi Sio CitaZis panaSvids.
saqarTvelos samRvdeloebas imedi hqonda iliasi, rom igi avtokefaliis
sakiTxs peterburgSi gadaWrida. 1906 wlis ivnisis bolos peterburgSi iliam
miiRo qarTveli samRvdeloebis mier gagzavnili depeSa avtokefaliis gamo.
saerTod kirioni da leonide udides pativs scemdnen ilias. jer kidev
arqimandritobis dros kirionma 1898 wels gamosca `sityvierebis Teoria~,
romelSic Sesuli iyo ilias nawarmoebebi. kirioni 1902 wels iliasTan erTad

daeswro Tbilisis qarTvel kaTolikeTa eklesiaSi mari broses sulis

mosaxsenebel wirvasa da panaSvids.
saqarTvelos avtonomiisa da eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis ideam,
romelic SesaZloa qarTvelTa aqtiuri qmedebiT marTlac ganxorcielebuliyo
saukunis dasawyisSi, SeaSfoTa e. w. ruseTTan erTianobis ideiT Sepyrobili
qarTveli `revolucionerebi~ da sxva wreebi, amitomac 1905-1906 wlebSi
saqarTveloSi daiwyo saSineli kampania ilias winaaRmdeg, rac sabolood 1907
wels 30 agvistos ilias mkvlelobiT dasrulda.
12. Tbilisis (VI) saeklesio Sekreba (1905 w. 12 dekemberi).
`1905 wlis zafxulSi Seiqmna `saqarTvelos eklesiis damoukideblobis
aRmdgeneli Zmoba~, romlis mier imave wlis 8 agvistos TariRiT gamocemul
mimarTvaSi naTqvamia: `ramdenac Cveni sasuliero-religiuri cxovrebisaTvis,
upirveles yovlisa, aucilebelia saqarTvelos eklesiis TviTTmarTvelobis
aRdgena,
amisaTvis
`Zmoba~
acxadebs
qarTl-kaxeTis
eparqias
daqvrivebulad da avaldebulebs samRvdeloebas:
a) RvTismomsaxurebisas Sewyvetil iqnes egzarqosis moxsenieba, Sewyvetil
iqnes egzarqosis kancelariasTan da sinodalur kantorasTan saerTod
yovelgvari urTierToba, yvela blaRoCini gadadges;
b) mazrebSi gauqmebuli sablaRoCino okrugebis naclad Seiqmnas `Zmobis
sabWoebi~, Semdgari sami arCeuli pirisagan. `sabWom~ unda gaarCios
yovelgvari gaugebrobani, romelic SesaZlebelia warmoiSvas sasuliero
pirTa Soris, sabWos evaleba RvTismomsaxurebis mier TavianTi movaleobis
pirnaTlad Sesrulebaze yuradRebis miqceva. `sabWos eZleva ufleba mrevls
urCios gaanTavisuflos Tavisi adgilidan sasuliero piri, romelic ar
akmayofilebs Tavis daniSnulebas.~
imereTis, samegrelos, guriis, afxazeTis samRvdeloeba uerTdeba
qarTl-kaxeTis
samRvdeloebas,
mTeli
saqarTvelos
samRvdeloebis
warmomadgenlebis gaerTianebuli kreba gadadgams gadamwyvet nabijs
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
ruseTis
sinodis
damokidebulebisagan
gasanTavisufleblad. aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi amis Sesaxeb auwyebs
msoflio
patriarqs
da
sxvebs
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
aRdgenas
avtokefaliis uflebiT, da misi kaTalikosis arCevas~144.
1905 wlis agvistoSi zemoxsenebulma qarTl-kaxeTis samrvdeloebis
komisiam adresi miarTva saqarTvelos axal egzarqos nikolozs, romelSic
aRniSnulia im droisaTvis saqarTvelios eklesiSi Seqmnili mZime
mdgomareoba. axsnilia igi am eklesiis damoukideblobis dakargviT da
gacxadebulia qarTveli xalxisa da
misi samRvdeloebis survili
aRdgenil iqnas am eklesiis TavisTavadaoba. adress xels awerda 22
sasuliero piri~.
`1905 wlis Semomodgomaze ep. leonidem sinodSi Seitana vrceli
moxseneba saqarTvelos eklesiis aucilebeli reformis Sesaxeb. igi
safuZvlad daedo avtokefaliis moTxovnis im peticias, romelic 1905 wlis
12 dekembers Semdgarma qarTveli samRvdeloebis krebam miiRo. am dokuments
ewodeboda `saqarTvelos eklesiis reorganizaciis proeqti~145.
`qarTveli samRvdeloebisa da eris warmomadgenlebi moiTxovdnen
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis cnobas VI msoflio saeklesio krebis
dadgenilebis
safuZvelze,
romelic,
Tavis
mxriv
adre
aRiares

konstantinopolisa
da
aRmosavleTis
sxva
patriarqebma,
daxuruli
eparerebis kvlav gaxsnas, saqarTvelos eklesiis krebis mowvevas weliwadSi
orjer; rusuli da qarTuli eklesiebis erTianobis TvalsazrisiT
saqarTvelos kaTalikosi unda yofiliyo sruliad ruseTis uwmindesi
sinodis wevri, romelsac ufleba eqneboda daswreboda sinodis sxdomebs
Tavisi survilisa da SesaZleblobisamebr. Tavis mxriv, araqarTul
guberniebSi arsebuli eklesiebis meTauri rusi arqieskoposi iRebda `baqosa
da amierkavkasiis arqiepiskoposis~ wodebas da ufleba eqneboda daswreboda
sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiis krebebs, Tu baqos eparqia qarTul
sakaTalikosis SemadgenlobaSi Sevidoda, rusuli eklesiebi qarTul
eparqiebSi daqvemdebareboda qarTvel arqiepiskoposebs, samrevlos ki sruli
ufleba eniWeboda TavisTvis aerCia sakuTari samRvdeloeba~146.
13. 17.01.1906. 1906 wels qarTvelma erma da samRvdeloebam ruseTis
mTavrobas moTxova eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena im motiviT, rom
saqarTvelos eklesiis umweo mdgomareobaSi Cavardna gamoiwvia avtokefaliis
gauqmebam. ruseTis mTavrobam saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxis
gadawyveta miando ruseTis momaval saeklesio krebas, am krebis winaswar
TaTbirze 1906-1907 wlebSi kidevac iyo msjeloba saqarTvelos eklesiis
avtokefaliaze~147.
`1905 wels saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis cda rom gamoikveTa,
uwmidesma sinodma 1906 wels daadgina: `aRniSnuli sakiTxi gadatanil iqnes
ruseTis eklesiis momaval adgilobriv krebaze gansaxilvelad~ - werda
Semdgom ruseTis patriarqi tixoni148. mis mimarTvas upasuxa saqarTvelos
kaTalikos-patriarqma leonidem epistoleTi, romelSic kerZod naTqvamia:
`saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxi gadacemul iqna sruliad
ruseTis momaval krebaze gasarCevad ara uwmidesi sinods dadgenilebiT,
aramed imperator nikoloz II-is nebiT, viTarca pasuxi qarTvel episkoposTa
mimarTvaze saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalur uflebebSi aRdgenisaTvis... es
umaRlesad gamoTqmuli survili qarTvel episkoposebs kavkasiis mefisnacvlis
saSualebiT euwya~149.
1905 wels ruseTSi sasuliero wodebaSi warmoiSva survili, raTa
aRdgeniliyo patriaqobis instituti, romelic iqamde TiTqmis orasi wliT
adre gaauqma petre pirvelis mmarTvelobam. am da sxva mniSvnelovan saqmeTa
gasarCevad gadawyvetili iyo mowveuliyo ruseTis eklesiis adgilobrivi
kreba. imperatorma nikoloz II-m da Cans wmida sinodma gadawyvites
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis sakiTxic am krebas ganexla.
magram es kreba ar Catarebula saimperatoro mmarTvelobis dros. iqamde ki
ramdenjerme
Catarda
ruseTis
am
didi
adgilobrivi
krebis
wina
mosamzadebeli TaTbirebi (e.w. ), romelzedac 1906 wels
ganixiles
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
avtokefaliis
sakiTxebic.
sakiTxi
saqarTveloSi mwvaved idga, qarTvel samRvdeloebas 1906 wlis 14 ianvars
gadawyvetili hqonda saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis gamocxadeba, magram
es saqme gadaido, raTa dalodeboda sinodis mier am sakiTxis Sesaswavlad
daniSnuli komisiis gadawyvetilebas150. marTlac sinodma peterburgSi
gamoiZaxa episkoposebi kirioni da leonide TaTbirze, romlis pirveli sxdoma
Sedga 1906 wlis 17 ianvars, meore ki 1906 wlis 19 ianvars.

kirioni, romelmac im dros orlovskisa da sevskis episkoposi iyo, da

dasavleT saqarTvelos episkoposi leonode, sinodis miTiTebis Sesabamisad
gamocxaddnen peterburgSi. aRniSnul sxdomaSi monawileobis misaRebad. 1906
wlis 17 ivnisis saRamos 7 saaTisaTvis, rogorc kironi wers `Cven erTad
gavemgzavreT sinodSi, sadac... Sedga sinodis sruli kreba. am araCveulebriv
krebas...
daeswrnen:
samive
mitropoliti,
egzarqosi
nikolozi,
mTavarepiskoposi voroneJisa anastasi, episkoposi tulisa lavrenti, ori
dekanozi - ianiSevi da Jelozovski, oberprokurori Tavadi aleqsandre
dimitris Ze obolenski, misi amxanagi p.i. ostroumovi, obersekretari
viaCeslav samuilovi da Cven orni~150.
kirioni imdenad did mniSvnelobas aniWebda am krebas, rom mas adarebda
giorgi mTawmidelis drois antioqiis krebas, romelmac saqarTvelos eklesiis
avtokefaliis sakiTxi ganixila: `amisTana didi da pasuxsagebi saqmis gaZRola
sinodis win Cven orTa gvxvda da dagviwva kiserzed. amgvari saqme TiTqmis
aTasi wlis winaT ikisra da daagvirgvina kidec didebulma saqarTvelos
Svilma giorgi mTawmidelma~151. kirionma da leonidem ase gainawiles saqme:
kirions
daevala
istoriuli
mtkicebulebis
motana,
mowinaaRmdegeTa
sabuTebis darRveva, xolo leonides cocxlad unda warmoedgina imJamindeli
saqarTvelos eklesiis unugeSo mdgomareoba152.
leonidesTan werilobiTi
kavSiri hqonda cnobil n.n.durnovos. qarTvel episkoposebs TanagrZnobiT
eqceoda profesori a.a. cagareli.
sinodma qarTvel episkoposTagan moismina moxseneba saqarTvelos eklesiis
imJamindeli viTarebis Sesaxeb. leonidem ganacxada: `dRes qristianoba
saqarTveloSi ganicdis saSinel kriziss, xalxi aRar daiareba eklesiaSi.
srulebiT ahyara pativiscema samRvdeloebas, mRvdlebis moqmedebas da swavladarigebas aRar hqonda gavlena mrevlze rogorc samRvdeloeba, ise morwmune
nawili qarTveli erisa erTaderT saSualebad imisa, rom ar moispos
sabolood
qristianoba
saqarTveloSi
da
samRvdeloebam
moipovos
kvlavindeli ndoba samwysosi, sTvlis saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis
aRdgenas arCeviTi sistemiT. es daskvna erisa da samRvdeloebisa sabolooa,
metad mtkicea da veragvari mosazreba ver Seacvlevinebs maT am rwmenas~153.
sinodis krebam ar irwmuna leonides gancxadeba imis Sesaxeb, rom
avtokefaliis mopoveba eklesiis mdgomareobas gaaumjobesebda. leonidem
upasuxa: `saqarTvelos avtokefaluri gamgeblobisas eklesiis mdgomareoba
kargi iyo, xolo rodesac avtokefaluri marTva moispo da ruseTis
sinodaluri gamgeoba Semovida, sarwmunoebac daeca, zneobac Seirya, codnac
daqveiTda da sxva... avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg ki eklesiis saTaveSi
dadgeba kaci, romelsac ecodineba Tavis samwysos ena, Cveuleba, fsiqologia
da gana es ar gaaumjobesebs saqmes?~153. am sakiTxze pasuxobda kirionic.
pasuxebs sinodis wevrebi ar daeTanxmnen.
Semdegi sakiTxi Seexo eklesiaSi qarTvel episkoposTa uflebebis
SebRalvas, kerZod, `saqarTvelos episkoposebs mxolod saxeli hqviaT
episkoposisa, uflebas ki srulebiTY moklebulni varTo~. amas daeTanxma
ober-prokuroris moadgile, romelmac warmoTqva: `warmoudgenelia is
usamarTloba, romelsac kantora (e.i. saegzarqoso) ayenebs qarTvel
episkoposebs. iqamde SezRudulni arian episkopsoebi, rom maT ufleba ara

aqvT gadawyviton romelime saCivari mRvdlis Sesaxeb~154. Semdeg Seexnen

qarTuli enis swavlebis sakiTxs seminariasa da sasuliero saswavleblebSi.
episkoposebma gamoTqves ukmayofileba, kirionma ganacxada: `mxolod 1883
wlidan daarses qarTuli enis kaTedra da manamde aba ra mRvdlebi iqnebodnen
kursdamTavrebulebi. me TviTon qarTuli enis Seswavlas Sevudeqi, rodesac
swavla davamTavre akademiaSi~154. marTlac, XIX s. qarTvelma mRvdlebma
cudad icodnen qarTuli wera. amas miuTiTebs is, rom XIX saukunis dRemde
SemorCenil qarTul sasuliero wignebSi (kondakebSi da sxva) qarTveli
mRvdlebi TavianT saxels, gvarsa da pirad monacemebs werdnen ara qarTulad,
aramed kargi xeliT naweri rusuli asoebiT, rusul enaze (ise, rogorc aTasi
wliT adre tao-klarjeTSi zogierTi qarTveli mRvdeli qarTul sasuliero
wignebSi warwerebs akeTebda somxuri asoebiT). mizezi amisa iyo is, rom XIX sSi qarTuli eklesia rusuli eklesiis sazRvrebSi iyo moqceuli da
samRvdeloebasac rusul skolebSi aswavlidnen (xolo VI-VIII saukuneebSi
taosa da nawilobriv klarjeTis qarTuli eklesiebi somxuri eklesiis
sazRvrebSi iyo moqceuli da samRvdeloebasac somxur skolebSi aswavlidnen).
Semdegi sakiTxi Seexo qarTuli eklesiis istoriuli avtokefaliis
rRvevas. kerZod, krebis wevrebi gamoTqvamdnen eWvs, rom saqarTvelos eklesias
arc XIX s-mde hqonda sruli avtokefaluri uflebebi. episkoposebma
Sesabamisi istoriuli faqtebi moiyvanes istoriuli avtokefaliis dasacavad.
eWvi gamoiTqva imis Sesaxebac, SeiZleboda Tu ara erT saxelmwifoSi (e.i.
ruseTis
imperiaSi)
ori
damoukidebeli
mTavari
eklesiis
arseboba.
episkoposebma eWvis gasafantad gamoiyenes bizantiis magaliTi, sadac
istoriulad ramdenime avtokefaluri eklesia arsebobda.
sxdomis damTavrebamde `ober-prokurorma sTqva: avtokefalia qarTvelebs
TavSi arc ki mosvliaT. es azri maT durnovom Caagona, romelmac
`peterburgskoe vedemostSi~ amaze ramdenime statia dabeWda. qarTvelebs Tavis
dReSi ar ganucxadebiaT Tavisi ukamyofileba sinodis winaaRmdego~. amaze
krionma upasuxa: maS ra iyo, Tu ara protesti egreT wodebuli `cerkovni
bunt 3 imereti~ 1820 wels~155.
sabolood krebam daaskvna, rom aRniSnuli sakiTxi saqarTvelos eklesiis
avtokefaliisa sabolod unda gadaewyvita sruliad ruseTis saeklesio
krebas,
saxelmwifos
mTavar
dawesebulebaTa
da
sasuliero
uwyebis
SeTanxmebis Semdeg. sinodma Seadgina komisia aRniSnuli sakiTxis gasarkvevad.
qarTvelebs miaCndaT, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis sakiTxis garkveva SeeZlo
mxolod msoflio saeklesio krebas, da ara ruseTis eklesias.
14. 19..01.1906. Semdegi TaTbiri Sedga 1906 wlis 19 ianvars. Tu 17 ianvris
krebas xelisufleba uwodebda `saqarTvelos eklesiis sakiTxebisadmi
miZRvnil TaTbirs~, 19 ianvars ki `saqarTvelos saegzaqrososadmi miZRvnil
TaTbirs~. krebamde saubris dros egzarqosma ganacxada, rom saqarTvelos
gavlenian wreebSi yvela ar uWerda mxars avtokefalias, `garda amisa,
namdvilad gavige, rom avtokefaliis qveS ifareba erovnuli avtonomia~156. am
Sekrebaze undodaT moewviaT `dimitri - baltis episkoposi~, romelsac
kirioni `rZenawyen dimitris~ uwodebs. igi unda yofiliyo saqarTvelodan
xalxis mier gaZevebuli (foTidan 1904 wels gaqceuli) episkoposi dimitri
abaSiZe, mowinaaRmdege saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliisa da mteri
yovelive qarTulisa. amitomac uwodebdnen dedis ZuZus SembRalvels

`rZenawyens~. am krebaze igi ar misula, qarTvelTagan mxolod kirioni da

leonide eswrebodnen. krebam pirvel sakiTxad ganixila yofil egzarqos
pavles proeqti saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis wesier niadagze
dayenebis da kantoris reorganizaciis Sesaxeb. kirionma gaixsena sinodaluri
kantoris 1814 wlis debuleba, romlis mixedviTac, rogorc Cans, egzarqosebi
erovnebiT qarTvelebi unda yofiliyvnen, unda hqonodaT mitropolitis
xarisxi, prokurori (kantorisa) erovnebiT qarTveli unda yofiliyo (mxolod
pirveli iyo aseTi), metrikebis warmoeba qarTul enaze unda yofiliyo,
kantoraSi yvela eparqias unda yoloda Tavisi warmomadgeneli wevri da sxva.
yvela es wesi 1906 wlisaTvis moSlili iyo. episkoposma leonidem waikiTxa
moxseneba imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor daaqveiTa saqarTvelos eklesia
egzarqosebis marTvam erTi saukunis ganmavlobaSi da ramdenad aucilebelia
momavalSi mospoba am mavne mimarTulebisa avtokefaliis aRdgeniT. am
moxsenebam aaRelva saqarTvelos imJamindeli egzarqosi nikoloz nalimovi.
daiwyo
metad
mwvave
xasiaTis
kamaTi
urTierTis
eklesiebisaTvis
Seuracxmyofeli. erTi mxare amtkicebda, rom qarTvelebis guls qristianuli
sarwmunoeba ar gahkarebia, ar hqonda SeTvisebuli qristianoba, Tumca ki
xmliT xelSi icavdnen mas, amis dasturad miaCndaT is, rom maTi azriT
qarTvelebs erovnebiT qarTveli cota wmidani hyavdaTo. episkoposebma pasuxi
gasces, kirionma Semdeg Tqva - `Tqven ar iciT Cveni zne-Cveuleba da istoria
da me ki axlave TiTebzed CamogiTvliT, rom qarTvelebs gacilebiT meti da
ufro didebuli wmidanebi hyavT, vidre rusebsa. didad Tav mosawonia da Cvenc
yovelTvis Tavi mogvaqvs, rom Cvenma mSobliurma saydarma ar icoda da arc
icis ras hqvian mwvalebloba. mwvaleblobas mometebuli nawili naswavli
pirebisa sTvlis pirdapir Sedegad xalxis gonebrivi sibnelisa da zneobrivi
dacemisa. xolo rac Seexeba qristianobas, igi arc erT xalxs ar SeuTvisebia
mTeli Tavisi sisavsiT da mTlianobiT. misgan, rogorc uSreti wyarosagan,
yvela xalxi iRebda mxolod im elementebs qristianuli cxovrebisa,
romlebic misTvis iyo xelmisawvdomi Tavisi gonebrivi
da zneobrivi
mdgomareobis Sesabamisad. ase, kaTolikobam ganaviTara mkacri saeklesio
organizacia, berZnebma gamoimuSaves ra garegnuli wesebi, ZiriTadad
ganaviTares disciplina - saeklesio ganawesi, garegnuli keTilsaxovneba
(rusebis umravlesobisaTvis, ambobs m.menSikovi, rwmena aris Cveuleba da ara
zneobrivi mrwamsi), xolo qarTvelebma gaaqristianes TavianTi saukunovani
erovnuli
sarwmunoeba
da
daamyares
TavianTi
cxovreba
qristianul
safuZvlebze, qrisitanobas misces TavianTi erovnuli xasiaTis niSnebi:
lmobiereba, guliTadoba, siTbo, uborotoba da mdgradoba157.
kreba kamaTis gamo Cqara daxures.
15. 1906. kirioni da leonide 1906 wlis zafxulSi peterburgSi
imyofebodnen. amitomac, Cans, isini daeswrnen `podsobornaia prisutstvias~,
romeliRac 1906 wlis mart-aprilis TaTbirs, erTi sxdoma qarTuli eklesiis
sakiTxs mieZRvna, 18.04.1906 w. miT umetes, rom am saTaTbirom wlis dasawyisSi
qarTuli sakiTxis Semswavleli komisiac Seqmna. leonide wers, rom kirionma
`umaRlesi brZanebiT daarsebul 1906 wlis saeklesio krebis winaswar
TaTbirze
waradgina
oTxi
klasikurad
yoveli
mxriT
damTavrebuli
SesaniSnavi moxseneba: a) qarTuli saeklesio sakiTxi; b) ra aiZulebs
qarTvelebs imecadinon Tavisi eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenisaTvis; g)

romel iverias mieniWa avtokefalia XI saukuneSi; d) nacionaluri principi

eklesiaSi~158.
aqve unda aRvniSno, rom leonide 1919 wlis 5 agvistos Tavis patriarqobis
dros kirions uwodebda `erisaTvis ganawamebsa da Rvawlmosil moamages~
Tavis TiTqmis saidumlo werilSi, romelic man, leonidem, patriarq tixons
gaugzavna158.
winaswar unda iTqvas, rom 1906 wlis am TaTbirma saqarTvelos eklesiis
sakiTxi uaryofiTad gadawyvita da amierkavkasiaSi saeklesio saqmeTa
mogvarebas Seudga dekanoz vostorgovis proeqtiT, romelic iTvaliswinebda
erTsa da imave terotiaze ori saeklesio xelisuflebis daarsebas (e.i.
eTnikuri qarTvelebis eklesiisa da rusulenovani mrevlis eklesiisa). es
proeqti rus profesor p. glubokovskis sityviT kanonikuri TvalsazrisiT ar
iyo mTlianad umwikvlo, `vinaidan erTsa da imave teritoriaze ori
`urTierTmoqiSpe saekleso xelisuflebis daarsebisas mosalodneli iyo maT
Soris mtruli ganwyobileba~159. sabolod ki 20 kacisgan Semdgar sinodis
komisias qarTuli eklesiis aRdgenis sakiTxi ugulebeluyvia.
krebas daswrebia avtokefaliis mowinaaRmdeged miCneuli episkoposi
eqvTime eliaSvili. momxre profesorebi: aleqsandre cagareli, aleqsandre
xaxanaSvili, niko mari. kirionma, rogorc vTqviT, waikiTxa oTxi moxseneba.
meoTxe moxsenebaSi saTauriT: `nacionaluri principi eklesiaSi~, avtori
ambobs: `nacionaluri principi cno eklesiam misi istoriis saTaveSive,
rodesac suliwmida gadmovida mociqulebze, maT dauwyes RmerTs dideba
sxvadasxva enaze da Semdeg uqadages xalxs saxareba maTTvis gasageb enaze.
nacionalur princips eklesiebSi aRiarebs mociqulebis 34-e kanoni, romlis
mixedviT yovel erovnebas unda hyavdes Tavisi sasuliero warmomadgeneli~. am
sxdomaze
vrceli
moxseneba
waikiTxa
peterburgis
universitetis
damsaxurebulma profesorma aleqsandre cagarelma (rusulidan Targmnili
qarTulad gamoica 1911 wels), misi TqmiT, ruseTTan `SeerTebamde~
saqarTvelos hqonda sruli saeklesio da samoqalaqo damoukidebloba, rom
1810 wlamde kaTalikosis adgilze egzarqosis dadgineba aravis ar
ganuzraxavs. sinodma gadadga es nabiji general tormasovis CagonebiT da
amiT daarRvia ganCinebani msoflio da adgilobrivi krebebisa. ruseTis
sinodma saqarTvelos eklesiis Sesaxeb Caidina Semdegi ukanonoba: 1. gaauqma
Zveli iveriis akaTalikoso; 2. CamoarTva mamulebi; 3. gaauqma misi Zveli
dadgenilebani; 4. daevala saqarTvvelos eklesias edResaswaula ruseTis
eklesiis wmidanTa dReebi. 5. agzavnis qarTuli enis ucodinar eklesiis
mmarTvel egzaqrosebs; saswavlebelSi sagnebs aswavlian mxolod rusul
enaze; 7. eklesiis mier sabuTebi (metrikebi) rusulad unda Sedges da sxva.
vrceli da Zalze saintereso sityva warmoTqva profesorma aleqsandre
xaxanaSvilma. yuradReba miiqcia niko maris moxsenebam `saqarTvelos eklesiis
istoriuli ganxilva Zveli droidan~160. am krebis SedegebiT aRSfoTebuli
qarTveli samRvdeloeba acxadebda, rom ar miiRebda axlad daniSnul
egzarqoss161. krebam saqarTvelosTvis nayofi ar gamoiRo. egzarqos nikons
eSinoda saqarTveloSi gamgzavreba, mas emuqrebodnen.
16. peterburgis winasakrebo TaTbiri (1906 ivnisi da noemberi).
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
avtokefaliis
aRdgenis
sakiTxi
1906
wlis

gazafxulze sinodis winaSe, qarTveli samRvdeloebis moTxovniT, daayena

saqarTvelos yofilma egzarqosma arqiepiskoposma nikolozma. sinodma
ganixila ra aRniSnuli sakiTxi, igi gadasawyvetad gadasca uzenaes
xelisuflebas. 1906 wlis 11 agvistos ruseTis imperatoris nikoloz II-s
brZanebiT es sakiTxi gansaxilvelad gadaeca sruliad ruseTis momaval
saeklesio krebas. ai, ras vkiTxulobT `saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis
Sesaxeb umaRles brZanebaSi~, romelic sinodma saqarTvelos egzarqoss
gamougzavna 1906 wlis 22 agvistos: `brZaneba misi imperatorobiT
udidebulesobis, sruliad ruseTis TviTmpyrobelisa uwmindesisa da
umarTebules sinodidan sinodis wevrs saqarTvelos egzarqoss, yovlad
usamRvdloess
nikons,
arqiepiskoposs
qarTlisas
da
kaxeTisas.
brZanebisamebr misis imperatorobiT udidebulesobisa, uwmindesma da
umarTebulesma sinodma moismines: winadadeba b. uwmindesi sinodis
oberprokurorisa, agvistos 17-s. #6541-Ta, romelSic moxsenebulia im
Suamdgomlobis
gamo,
romelic
saqarTvelos
egzarqosad
yofilis,
arqiepiskoposis nikolozis saSualebiT aRZres episkoposebma: imereTisam,
guria-samegreloisam, gorisa da alaverdisam, rom saqarTvelos eklesias
avtokefaloba miniWeboda, xelmwife imperatorma mis, oberprokuroris,
uqveSevrdomles
moxsenebaze
agvistos
11
dResa
umaRlesad
ineba:
gamoecxados dasaxlebul episkoposebs, rom sakiTxi saqarTvelos eklesiis
avtokefalobisa gardaeca gansaxilvelad sruliad ruseTis momaval
saeklesio
krebas.
brZanes:
moxsenebuli
umaRlesi
neba
brZanebiT
gamoecxados Tqvens yovlad usamRvdeloesobas, agvistos 22 dResa, 1906
welsa. #9111162.
amas mohyva 1906 wlis 23 agvistos umaRlesi brZanebuleba, romelic
exeboda saqarTvelos eklesiis Sinagani wyobis mowesrigebas, episkoposTa
uflebebis gafarToebas, konsistoriebis, anu sammarTveloebis Seqmnas,
sasuliero skolebSi programebis gadasinjvas, masSi qarTuli enis
swavlebisaTvis
yuradRebis
gamaxvilebas,
qarTuli
saeklesio
sagaloblebis swavlebis gaZlierebas, sasuliero wignebis qarTulad
Targmnasa da gamocemas, zogierTi saeklesio Tanamdebobis da wesebis
gauqmebas. yvela am RonisZiebas xeli unda Seewyo saqarTvelos eklesiis
ganmtkicebisaTvis, misi saqmianobis gamococxlebisaTvis, magram mis
gasatareblad arc sinodi da arc mefis xelisufleba Tavs srulebiTac ar
iwuxebda163.
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis moTxovna ar iyo mxolod
konfensionaluri sakiTxi, erovnuli damoukideblobisaTvis brZola aq
religiuri formiT gamodioda, rac ruseTis carizms, rasakvirvelia
mxedvelobidan ar gamoepareboda163.
`carizmma ver gabeda qarTvelTa moTxovnebis xelaRebiT uaryofa da
misi gadawyveta moxerxebulad ganusazRvreli droiT gadado, radganac
momavali sruliad ruseTis saeklesio krebis mowvevis TariRi jer kidev
dadgenili ar iyo. es brZaneba iyo mefis xelisuflebis mier kidev erTi
fandi, Tavidan aecilebina qarTvelTa ukmayofilebis Semdgomi zrda da
saqarTvelos eklesiis sakiTxis faqtiuri gadawyveta~163.
`uzenaesi xelisuflebis 1906 wlis 11 agvistos brZanebas mainc didi
mniSvneloba hqonda, radganac es iyo aRiareba imisa, rom saqarTvelos

eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis sakiTxi `separatuli da revoluciuri

sakiTxi~ ki ar iyo, rogorc amas misi mtrebi amtkicebdnen, aramed
saxelmwifo mniSvnelobis sakiTxi. uwm. sinodTan Seiqmna sruliad ruseTis
saeklesio krebis winaswari saTaTbiro, romelic sxvadasxva seqciebad, anu
ganyofilebebad daiyo. II ganyofilebas miendo kavkasiis eklesiis saqmeebis
mowesrigeba.
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
avtokefaliis
aRdgenasTan
dakavSirebuli
sakiTxebis
ganxilvaSi
monawileobdnen
moskovis
mitropoliti flabiani, vladimiris arqiepiskoposi nikolozi, romlebic
adre saqarTveloSi egzarqosebad iyvnen. qarTveli samRvdeloebidan
saTaTbiroSi warmodgenilni iyvnen soxumisa da imereTis episkoposi
kirioni, guria-samegrelos episkoposi leonide da episkoposi eqvTime.
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalias mxars uWerdnen da gulmodgined
icavdnen profesorebi: aleqsandre cagareli, aleqsandre xaxanaSvili, niko
mari, peterburgis sasuliero akademiis profesori nikoloz zaozerski, m.
kovalnicki. i. palmovi da sxvebi. maTi oponentebi iyvnen saqarTvelos
eklesiis mtrebi: dekanozebi i. vostorgovi da t. butkeviCi, profesorebi:
glubokovski, berdniakovi, almazovi, ostroumovi, episkoposi stefane,
mitropolitebi vladimiri da makari, tveris episkoposi serafimi,
episkoposi inokenti~164.
`saqarTvelos eklesiis interesebis dacvaSi didi damsaxureba miuZRvis
rus
swavluls
nikoloz
durnovos~.
`igi
iyo
aRmosavleTis
marTlmadidebeli
eklesiebis
istoriis
didi
mcodne,
RvTismoSiSi
orTodoqsi da patrioti, qarTveli xalxis didi megobari, sasuliero
akademiis profesori, romelic 30 welze met xans icavda saqarTvelos
eklesiis uflebebs~165.
`winaswarma saTaTbirom 1906 wlis ivnissa da noemberSi orjer ganixila
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxi. rodesac cxadi gaxda, rom ar
arsebobda saeklesio safuZvlebi am avtokefaliis winaaRmdeg, sakiTxis
ganxilva gadatanil iqna politikur sibrtyeze da vostorgovi da butkeviCi
Seecadnen qarTvelebisaTvis politikuri separatizmi daebralebinaT~166.
`1906 wlis 2 ivniss organizacia `russkoe sobranies~ saerTo krebaze
vostorgovma
specialuri
moxseneba
gaakeTa
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
avtokefaliis Sesaxeb. vostorgovi gulmodgined cdilobda daemtkicebina,
rom es sakiTxi qarTvel xalxs saerTod ar awuxebda da mas igi arc
wamouyenebia. XIX saukuneSi qarTvelebs erTxelac ar dausvamT es problema.
misi mtkicebiT, igi wamoWra revoluciis gavleniT samRvdeloebisa da
Tavadaznaurobis mxolod mcire nawilma. eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxi
iyo
TiTqosda
mxolod
Sirma
mTeli
saqarTvelos
politikuri
avtonomiisaTvis, romlis aRdgena dauSvebeli iyo rogorc istoriuli, aseve
politikuri da yofacxovrebiTi TvalsazrisiT~167.
dekanoz i. vostorgovis am mtkicebas `prof. al. cagarelma saTaTbiros
sxdomaze uwoda Segnebuli siyalbe, ramdenadac qarTveli xalxisa da
samRvdeloebisaTvis yovelTvis miuRebeli iyo am eklesiiis avtokefaliis
gauqmeba, aseTi politikisadmi xalxis protesti gamoixata mis mier
eklesiisadmi zurgis SeqceviT, misgan ganze gadgomiT. samRvdeloeba da
sazogadoebis mowinave nawili ukmayofilebas aSkarad ver gamoxatavdnen

swored im mizeziT, ra mizeziTac rusi samRvdeloeba 1905 wlamde ar

ayenebdnen ruseTSi patriarqis xelisuflebis aRdgenas~168.
`vostorgovi amtkicebda, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis
aRdgena
gamoiwvevda
qarTuli
da
araqarTuli
marTlmadidebluri
eklesiebis urTierTdapirispirebas. prof. cagarelma gamoaSkarava am
mtkicebis siyalbe da miuTiTa, rom bevr qveyanaSi erTmaneTis gverdiT
arsebobs marTlmadidebeli eklesiebi, romelTa mrevlic mravalerovania,
magram maT es srulebiTac ar uSlis xels erTianobaSi. marTlmdideblobas
zians ayenebs ara sxvadasxvaerovani mrevlTa arseboba erT teritoriaze,
aramed eklesiebis meTaurebad iseTi samRvdeloebis gagzavna, romelmac ar
icis Tavisi samwysos ena, xolo mrevlma Tavisi sulieri mwyemsis ena~169.
sinodis saTaTbiroSi imdenad didi iyo saqarTvelos eklesiis
arakeTilmosurneTa Semoteva, rom misi wevri qarTvelebi araerTxel
gamxdaran iZulebulni daetovebinaT sxdomebi, xolo bolo or sxdomas
srulebiTac ar eswrebodnen169.
prof. almazovis mtkicebiT, saqarTvelos eklesiis mdgomareoba
ucvlelad unda darCeniliyo, e. i. uwm. sinodis morCilebaSi, misi azriT,
saqarTvelos eklesiam avtokefaloba miiRo politikuri principebiT, mas
imTaviTve ar hqonda TviTmwysoba, aramed miiRo ufro gvian, politikuri
ganviTarebis garkveul etapze da amitomac SesaZlebeli iyo misi
gauqmebac~169.
`prof. cagareli istoriuli faqtebis logikuri analizis safuZvelze
amxelda ra aseT debulebaTa siyalbes, Tavis mxriv amtkicebda, rom arc
konstantinopolis eklesia iyo imTaviTve avtokefaluri, igi mas mieniWa ara
saeklesio
damsaxurebis
gamo,
aramed
rogorc
imperatoris
axal
sarezidencio qalaqSi arsebuls. a. cagarelis azriT, saqarTvelos
ruseTTan SeerTebis sakiTxi iyo saerTaSoriso samarTlis sakiTxi, xolo
saqarTvelos eklesiis daqvemdebareba ruseTis uwm. sinodis mier-saeklesio
samarTlis sakiTxi. am ori samarTlis ZiriTadi principebi arsebiTad
gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan, rac cxadad Cans kviprosis magaliTze.
antioqiis patriarqs surda daemorCilebina Tavisi xelisuflebisadmi es
eklesia imis safuZvelze, rom kviprosi maSin eqvemdebareboda antonis
samoqalaqo xelisuflebas, magram III saeklesio krebam Tavisi dadgenilebiT
(VII muxli) ar dauSva aseTi daqvemdebareba. ruseT-saqarTvelos urTierToba
analogiuri iyo antioqia-kviprosis urTierTobisa. aseve, egvipte, palestina
da siria eqvemdebareboda konstantinopolis samoqalaqo xelisuflebas,
magram
aleqsandriis,
ierusalimisa
da
antioqiis
eklesiebi,
anu
sapatriarqoebi ar eqvemdebarebodnen konstantinopolis patriarqs. amrigad
prof. a. cagareli aRniSnavda, `samoqalaqo daqvemdebareba ar aris
safuZveli saeklesio daqvemdebarebisaTvis. arc saeklesio, arc samoqalaqo
kanonebSi ar aris Tqmuli, rom aucilebelia saeklesio olqebis dayofa
qveynis samoqalaqo dayofis analogiurad~170.
`a. cagareli Tavis oponentebs saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis
Taobaze umtkicebda Semdegs: saqarTvelos (iveriis) avtokefaliad arseboba
1811 wlamde ueWvelia; mas egzarqatis arsebobis drosac ar daukargavs
Tavisi avtokefalia, magram moklebulia SesaZleblobas Tavisi uflebebi
faqtiurad; saqarTvelos eklesia ar aris SeerTebuli ruseTis eklesiasTan,

aramed misi qvrivobis Jams imarTeba droebiTi egzarqosis mier, romelic

igzavneba ruseTis eklesiis uwm. sinodis mier. TviTmwysobis uflebis mqone
eklesiis daqvemdebareba egzarqosis mier ewinaaRmdegeba saeklesio kanonebs,
saerTod marTlmadidebeli eklesiis praqtikas. qarTvel xalxSi rwmenis
dacema egzarqosis mmarTvelobis wlebSi ueWveli faqtia. arc uwmindes
sinods, arc ruseTis eklesiis krebas ar SeuZlia kanonierad waarTvas an
aCuqos saqarTvelos eklesias avtokefalia. im dros oficialuri
dokumentis mixedviT, egzarqosis daniSvna saqarTvelos eklesiaSi miznad
isaxavda misi meurneobis mowesrigebas. saeklesio mamulebi didi xnis winaT
gadaeca
xazinas,
saeklesio
glexebi
gaTavisuflebulia,
ekonomiis
TvalsazrisiT eparqiebi Sekvecilia minimumamde da a. S. maSasadame,
egzarqosis funqciebi amowurulia da mis Semdgom arsebobas saqarTveloSi
azri ara aqvs. a.cagarelis azriT, yoveli eklesia unda imarTebodes. misi
episkoposTa krebis mier171.
`gansxavebiT almazovisa da butkeviCisagan, romlebmac ar icodnen arc
saqarTvelosa da arc misi eklesiis istoria, arc qarTuli sasuliero
literatura, saeklesio samarTali, wes-Cveulebrivi da tradiciebi. prof. n.
zaozrski sakmaod kargad icnobda qarTul hagiografiul literaturas da
iyenebda mas Tavis SromebSi. sworad es profesori gamovida almazovisa da
butkeviCis mtkicebaTa winaaRmdeg saTaTbiros II ganyofilebis sxdomaze,
sadac isini moiTxovdenen saqarTvelos eklesias ar miscemoda avtokefalia.
n.zaozerskisTan erTad qarTvelebs mxars uWerda saeklesio istoriis
profesori i. sokolovi172.
`prof. m.a.ostroumovis azriT, saqarTvelos eklesiis gamoyofa ruseTis
eklesiisgan ar SeiZleba imis gamo, rom is mTeli saukunis ganmavlobaSi
Sedioda ruseTis eklesiis SemadgenlobaSi, xolo Tavis mxriv `mTel
saukunes istoriidan ver amoagdeb~173.
prof. n. mari aSkara protests acxadebda imis gamo, rom winasaeklesio
saTaTbiro sakamaTod xdida sayovelTaod cnobil debulebebs, rogoricaa
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaloba da qarTul skolebSi mSobliuri enis
swavlebis saWiroeba. vostorgovisa da butkeviCis winaaRmdeg, romelebic
qarTvel
samRvdeloebas
separatizms
abralebdnen,
n.mari
werda:
`vostorgovs ara aqvs araviTari warmodgena arc namdvil saqarTveloze,
arc namdvil qarTul eklesiaze, rom qristianuli suli misTvis ucxoa, rom
is aris aSkara mteri kavkasiis uZvelesi qristianuli xalxebisa _
qarTvelebisa da somxebisa, rom misi usazRvro siZulvilis nestari
mimarTulia marTlmadidebeli qarTuli eklesiis winaaaRmdeg~174.
qarTveli `episkoposebi kirioni da leonide TavianT sityvebSi
saTaTbiros sxdomebze da TavianT nawerebSi amtkicebdnen, rom ruseTis
sinodma saqarTvelos eklesiis winaSe Caidina rigi ukanonoba: saqarTvelos
eklesiis dadgenilebisa da msoflio eklesiis Tanxmobis gareSe gaauqma
Zveli iveriis sakaTalikoso, sikvdilamde kaTalikosad arCeul anton II-s,
damoukidebeli saeklesio olqisa da msoflio eklesiis wevrs, CamoarTva
xarisxi da ZaldatanebiT gaagzavna ruseTs. saqarTvelos eklesias
CamoarTva mamulebi, gaauqma saqarTvelos eklesiis adgilobrivi krebebi
mTeli XIX saukunis ganmavlobaSi, daavala saqarTvelos eklesiebs misi
krebis daudgenlad edResaswaula ruseTis eklesiis wmindanTa dReebi,

agzavnida da agzvnis saqarTvelos eklesiis mmarTvelebad egzarqosebs,

romlebmac ar ician qarTuli ena. saqarTveloSi
arsebul sasuliero
saswavleblebSi yvela sagans aswavlian mxolod rusulad. egzarqosebi
moiTxoven, rom metrikebi iwerebodes rusul enaze, romeli enac ar gaegeba
samRvdeloebis erT nawils, Jurnal `saqarTvelos saegzarqosos uwyebani~
gamodis mxolod rusul enaze da samRvdeloebis erT nawils ar ZaluZs
misi wakiTxva. qarTul eklesias didZali mamulebi hqonda, romelic mas
CamoarTva ruseTis xelisuflebam, ramac didad gaaRariba eklesiamonastrebi, maT ara aqvT saWiro Tanxebi, rom Tavi Seinaxon175.
winasaeklesio saTaTbiros II ganyofilebis sxdomaze vistorgovma
saqarTvelos eklesiis Taobaze waradgina 2 proeqti. erTi iTvaliswinebda
egzarqosis nacvlad samitropolitoebis daarsebas, xolo meore egzarqatis
gauqmebas da mxolod eparqiebis arsebobas. arc pirveli da arc meore
proeqti damtkicebuli ar iqna, aramed miRebul iqna mxolod cnobad.
qarTvel deputatebs am proeqtis ganxilvaSi protestis niSnad monawileoba
ar miuRiaT~176.
`winasaeklesio
saTaTbiros
II
ganyofilebis
sxdomam,
romelsac
qarTveli deputatebi ar eswrebodnen, qvorumis uqonlobis pirobebSi, miiRo
uaryofiTi dadgenileba saqarTvelos eklesiis Taobaze, maSin rodesac,
Tavis mxriv, saWirod scno ruseTis eklesiaSi patriarqobis aRdgena177.
ruseTs uwmindesma sinodma gadawyvita sastikad gasworeboda qarTvel
`avtokefalistebs~, episkoposi kirioni saqarTvelodan gaiwvia da ruseTis
erT-erT yru monasterSi gaagzavna ramdenime wliT. episkoposi leonidec
Tavis kaTedras moaSores da sxvagan gadaiyvanes~177.
`i. WavWavaZe eswreboda am sakiTxisadmi (e.i. avtokefaliis aRdgena)
miZRvnil krebas TbilisSi, iyo kavkasiis mefis nacval graf voroncovdaSkovTan am sakiTxze mosalaparakeblad; ilia Tavis Tavze iRebs
avtokefaliis aRsadgenad win waruZRves did demonstracias, Tavis binaze
ilia megobrebTan erTad didi interesiT ecnoboda am avtokefaliasTan
dakavSirebul sakiTxebs~178.
i. WavWavaZis pirad saarqivo fondSi SemorCenilia rusuli, misive naweri
teqsti, romelSic naTqvamia:
`ruseTis
farglebSi
yvela
araruss
(inorodecs)
sarwmunoebis
mmarTvelobis saqmeSi sakuTari damoukidebloba aqvs, somxebi, musulmanebi,
ebraelebi da a.S. TavianT aRmsareblobis mmarTvelobaSi TviTTavadni arian,
maT aqvT sakuTari sasuliero saswavleblebi, sadac swavla mSobliur
enazea da yoveldRe mSobliuris swavlebas daTmobili aqvs farTo adgili.
maT damoukideblad marTavs sakuTari samRvdeloeba. ucnauria, rom im
sikeTes moklebuli arian mxolod marTlmadidebeli qarTvelebi, TiTqosda
sasjelad maTi marTlmadideblobis gamo.
martooden
marTlmadidebeli
qarTvelebis
uuflebobam
SeiZleba
warmoSvas azri, rom ararusebisaTvis erovnuli gagebiT, marTlmadideblur
ruseTSi saxeiro ar aris marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis aRmsarebloba.
saqmis aseTi viTareba SeiZleba aixsnas mxolod rogorc zianis momtani
marTlmadideblobisaTvis.
amgvari ugunuri viTarebis Semdgomi SenarCuneba, Cveni azriT, miCneuli
unda iqnes udides saxelmwifoebriv da religiur Secdomad.

amitom
gansaxilvelad
warmogidgenT
Suamdgomlobas,
qarTuli
eklesiisaTvis mis wiaRSi uZvelesi droidan arsebuli avtokefaliis
dabrunebis Sesaxeb; vimedovnebT, rom, amiT vasrulebT Cvens moqalaqeobriv
vals da vsasoebiT, rom am Txovnam Tqveni brwyinvalebis mxardaWera
daimsaxuros~179.
ilias es xelnaweri, prof. S. badriZis azriT, SeiZleba iyos im
moxsenebis teqsti, romelic man miarTva avtokefaliis sakiTxze 1905 wels
graf voroncov-daSkovs TbilisSi an imave wlis Semodgomaze sinodis oberprokurors obolenskis, romelsac vrclad ganumartavda saqarTvelos
avtokefaliis arss da am sakiTxis mougvarebloba miaCnda mravali
ubedurebis, kerZod, rogorc ilia ganmartavda, qristianuli keTildReobis
moSlis erT-erT mizezad180.
i. gogebaSvilma 1905 wels specialuri statia uZRvna aRniSnul sakiTxs
gazeT `vozroJdeniaSi~, romelSic avtori amtkicebs, rom saqarTvelos
eklesia daarsda jer kidev IV-Si da man gaiara Tavisi ganviTarebis gzaze 3
etapi: antioqiuri, nacionaluri da rusuli. misi azriT, III etapze
saqarTvelos eklesia xdeba rusuli eklesiis danamati - egzarqosobis
mkacri
sistema,
romelic
gamsWvalulia
fsiqopaTiuri
siZulviliT
yovelgvari qarTulisadmi, gamoyenebuli iyo, ise ulmoblad rom 1819
wlidan
dawyebuli
Cvens
dromde,
mTeli
saukunis
ganmavlobaSi,
saqarTvelos egzarqosad erTxelac ar yofila daniSnuli qarTveli, Tumca
qarTvel sasuliero pirTa Soris iyvnen maRalganviTarebuli da friad
Rirseuli ierarqebi~181.
`saqarTvelos eklesiis oponentebi ase gulmodgined imitom cdilobdnen
uareyoT am eklesiis avtokefaloba, raTa daemtkicebinaT debuleba imis
Sesaxeb, rom ruseTis uwm. sinods TiTqosda ar daurRvevia msoflio
saeklesio krebis dadgenilebani (gansakuTrebiT IV msoflio krebis
dadgenilebis XII muxli), romelSic naTqvamia, rom arc erT eklesias ara
aqvs ufleba Tavis gavlenis qveS moaqcios sxva romelime eklesia~182.
`kaTalikos-patriarqma anton II-m 1811 wels uwmindes sinods ganucxada,
rom iveriis eklesia, rogorc avtokefaluri, ar SeiZleba wminda kanonebs
(39-e kanoni II msoflio krebisa, VIII kanoni III msoflio krebisa) safuZvelze
mas daemorCilos. amas sWirdeboda aRmosavleTis patriarqTa Tanxmoba, rac
saerTod ar yofila. sinodma mas araviTari angariSi ar gauwia da
saqarTvelos eklesiis damoukidebloba sruliad ubodiSod gaauqma. moxda
eklesiebis istoriaSi jer arnaxuli moqmedeba; erTma avtokefalurma
eklesiam daimorCila meore, aseve avtokefaluri eklesia~183.
`balsamonis cnobas XI saukunis SuaxanebSi, 1053 w. saqarTvelos
eklesiisadmi avtokefaliis miniWebis Sesaxeb adasturebs XIV saukunis
avtoriteti maTe vlastari da XVII saukunis ierusalimis patriarqi
dosifei, romelic sargeblobda Zveli berZnuli da arabuli wyaroebiT. al.
cagareli wers: `eparqia zemo iveriisa (mcxeTis kaTedra) damoukidebeli
gaxda konstantine monomaxisa da antioqiis patriarqis petres dros.~ isini
marTlac erTdroulad moRvaweobdnen.
17. 1907 w. 6 ivniss TbilisSi Sedga `samRvdeloebis saeparqio yriloba~.
yrilobis TvalsazrisiT saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia male unda

aRdgeniliyo, amitomac yrilobas ar miaCnda sasurvelad axali egzarqosis

(nikonis) saqarTveloSi gamgzavreba. `xangrZlivi kamaTis Semdeg gadawyda
depeSa gaegzavnaT saxelmwifo sabWos wevrisaTvis, i.g. WavWavaZisaTvis da
eTxovaT,
mTavarepiskoposi
nikoni
gaefrTxilebina,
ar
Camosuliyo
saqarTveloSi, vinaidan, `Cven mtkiced vicavT avtokefalias~, Tanac depeSis
Sinaarsi
euwyebina
sinodis
TavmjdomarisaTvis184.
krebam
ganaCina:
gaegzavnos protesti mTavarepiskopos nikons da mieces winadadeba ar
daTanxmdes im saeklesio olqSi daniSvnas, romelic kanoniT ar
eqvemdebareba uwmides sinods~185. nikoni Camovida viTarca `saqarTvelos
egzarqosi~ 1907 w. 16 agvistos, samRvdeloebam mas boikoti gamoucxada, ar
Sexvda wesisamebr. ruseTis wreebSi gavrcelda aseTi xma - `qarTveli
samRvdeloeba saTaveSi udgas ajanyebas~186.
iqamde, rogorc cnobilia, 1906 wels, ruseTis saeklesio krebis wina
mosamzadebel TaTbirze kirionisa da leonides monawileobiT ixileboda
`qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxi~. romelmac sabolood daagina,
rom es sakiTxi unda ganexila ruseTis saeklesio krebas. amitomac 1906 w. 3
Tebervals es gadawyvetileba gaaprotestes qarTvelma episkoposebma.
1907 w. 12.X. Sedga samRvdeloebis kreba, romelmac moxsna aRniSnuli
boikoti. 1908 wlis 18 maiss sinodis kantoris kibeze revolveris tyviiT
mokles egzarqosi nikoni. mkvlelebi ver ipoves, magram nikonis `ideuri
mowinaaRmdege~ arqimandriti ambrosi xelaia, ruseTSi gadaasaxles (1917
wlamde). iqamde 1907 w. 12.XII Sedga samRvdeloebis yriloba.
18. 1907 w. 12.XII Sedga samRvdeloebis yriloba, romelmac daadgina
eswavlebinaT seminariebsa da sasuliero saswavleblebSi saRvTismetyvelo
sagnebi qarTul enaze. nikoni amasTan dakavSireiT peterburgs atyobinebda
`seminarias, Tu iq erovnul enaze SemoiReben swavlebas, aRekveTos
saxelmwifo xazinis daxmareba~.
1907 wlis bolos saqarTvelos samRvdeloebas Tavis krebaze miuRia
dadgenileba qarTul enaze sasuliero sagnebis swavlebis SemoRebisa, amasTan
dakavSirebiT 1908 wlis 20 ianvars ruseTis sinodis Tavmjdomare mitropolit
antons axali egzarqosi arqiepiskoposi nikoni werda: `saqarTvelos
samRvdeloebam
daadgina
seminariasa
da
sasuliero
saswavleblebSi
saRvTismetyvelo sagnebis swavleba SemoiRos qarTul enaze. magram, es
araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba. xolo Tu maT mainc da mainc miecemodaT
nebarTva qarTul RvTismetyvelebaSi evarjiSnaT, maSin am saqmes bolomde
unda mivyveT da arafriT ar unda gadavuxvioT saxelmwifoebriv safuZvlebs...
waerTvas seminarias Semweoba saxelmwifo xazinidan, raki masSi swavlebas
nacionalur enaze SemoiReben, da CamoerTvas is uflebebic, rasac igi Tvis
mowafeT aniWebda am cnobamdis, vidre iyo savsebiT rusuli. maSin qarTvelebi
Cadenili saqcielis monaniebiT da cremlTa deniT SeywalebisaTvis uars
ganacxadeben
Tavis
erovnul
pretenziebze
da
xvewniT
mogvmarTaven
davubrunoT is, rac hqondaT. Tavazianoba amaTTan ar Rirs~187.
cremlTa denis nacvlad qarTvelma nastudentarma nikoni mokla Tavisi
rezidenciis ezoSi. Tu rogori garemo iyo Seqmnili 1908 wlisaTvis
saqarTveloSi kargad Cans 1907 wels dastambul wignSi `saqarTvelos
eklesiis akleba~. mis SesavalSi naTqvamia - `axlaxan ruseTSi rusul enaze

gamovida erTi wigni, romelSiac aSkarad aRwerilia yvela is usamarTloba,

rac gadaxda saqarTvelos da mis eklesias ruseTis saero da sasuliero
biurokratiisagan. wignis avtori rusia, Tavganwiruli monarqist-patrioti da
imis mier saqarTvelosa da misi eklesiis uflebaTa dacvaSi raime mikerZoebamiqomageba warmoudgenelia... dabeWdils cota ram kidev mivumateT da calke
wignad gamoveciT (wignis avtori unda iyos durnovo, xolo mTargmneli
m.tyemalaZe (fsevdonimi `tonkmelisic~ mas unda ekuTvnodes).
es wigni amJamadac ki damTrgunvelad moqmedebs mkiTxvelze, miT umetes,
roca sazogadoeba aRSfoTebuli iyo 1906 wlis sinodis gadawyvetilebiT.
wignic swored am sakiTxebiT iwyebs Txrobas: `ruseTis saeklesio krebis
sawindawino komisiaSi saqarTvelos eklesiis mtrebma dekanozebma t.butkeviCma
da i.vostorgovma, profesorebma almazovma, n.glubokovskim da i.berdnikovma
komisiis sxdoma ariv daries da iZulebuli yves episkoposebi leonidi da
kirioni, profesorebi cagareli da marri sxdomidan gulnatkenni gasuliyvnen.
ruseTis eklesiis momavali krebis sawinaaRmdego komisiam iveriis
eklesiis avtokefaliis saqmis sakiTxis saboloo gadawyveta miando momaval
moskovis krebas... ruseTis eklesiis krebas ufleba ara aqvs gaerios gareSe
avtokefaluri eklesiis saqmeSi, qarTvelma episkoposebma am krebis arc erTi
saqarTvelos eklesiis Sesaxebi dadgenileba ar unda scnon... mas Semdeg rac
sawindawino komisiam maTi eklesia ar cno da abuCad aigdo~.
amis Semdeg mTargmneli iwyebs citirebas rusi avtoris Txzulebisa
`saeklesio sakiTxebi ruseTSi~: `vinme qarTvelma rom moindomos namdvili
istoriis dawera rus egzarqos-uzurpatorTa moqmedebis Sesaxeb, rusebs
pirisaxeze sircxvilis almuri auvaT, rusi egzarqosebi saqarTveloSi
imisaTvis ki ar modiodnen, rom epatronaT iqauri eklesiisaTvis, aramed
imisaTvis, rom gaeZarcvaT da gaeyvlifaT uZvelesi iveriis eklesiis qoneba,
ZaliT aRmoefxvraT qarTuli ena da Semdeg naZarcvi qonebiTa da fuliT
dabrunebuliyvnen ruseTSi~. avtoris azriT, egzarqosma evsevim 200.000 maneTi
daagrova, Teofilaqte `pirdapir axrCobda qarTvelebs~, Seexo wmida ninos
saflavs, evgeni baJenovma `monastrebi da eklesiebi gaqurda~, isidorem
qarTul eklesias mamulebi waarTva, evsevi ilinskim gayida qarTvel
kaTalikosTa uZvirfasesi samoseli, xatebsa da samoslebs Zvirfasi Tvlebi
daxsna. evsevis dros qarTul eklesias 2 milioni maneTis nivTebi daekarga,
pavlem qarTvelebi dawyevla. maT dros gaiZarcva yofili sakaTalikoso
centri - gelaTis monasteri, ara mxolod mZarcvelTa, aramed quTaisis
gubernator levaSovis mier egzarqosis nebarTviT (gaitaces oqrosydiani
saxareba, sapatriarqo mitra, samoseli da sxva), sionidan daikarga oqro,
ramdenime fuTi margaliti, sxva Zvirfasi qva, aseve gaiZarcvnen mcxeTis,
alaverdis, bodbis, nonowmidis da sxva monastrebi. daikarga Zvirfasi
qarTuli xelnawerebi. saqarTvelos eklesias ruseTis mTavrobam CamoarTva 137
milionze meti maneTis qoneba da 14 aTasze meti komli glexi, sul 140 milion
maneTze meti. weliwadSi am Tanxas SeeZlo moeca wmida Semosavali 15 milion
maneTze meti, ruseTis mTavrobis mier `amJamad qarTul saegzarqosoze
ixarjeba 809.000 maneTi. aqedan 200.000 maneTi ixarjeba rusebisa da berZnebis
samRvdeloebaze da qristianobis aRmdgenel sazogadoebaze~. 1895 wels
sinodalurma kantoram afxazeTSi qarTuli wirva-locva da swavla akrZala,
Tumca iq 40.000 qarTvelia da 3420 rusi. vrceli msjelobis DSemdeg avtori
wers: `zizRisa da gakicxvis Rirsi iqneba qarTuli samRvdeloeba da eri, Tu

man medgrad ar moiTxova dabruneba im uflebisa, romelic mas ZalmomreobiTa

da usamarTlod waarTva ruseTis mTavrobam~.
19. 1916 w. egzarqos nikonis mkvlelobis (28.05.1908) Semdeg axali
egzarqosic inokenti beliaevi (1909-1913) mtkiced yofila ganwyobili, raTa ar
ecno saqarTvelos eklesiis TviTmyofadobis sakiTxi. xolo Semdegma
egzarqosma aleqsi II molCanovma (1913-1914) imperators arza miarTva, romelSic
avtokefaliis ideas uwodebs - `qarTul avtokefalistTa fantastikur
bodvas~. egzarqos platon roJdenstvenskis dros (1915-1917), 1916 wlidan
saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeebSi (eparqiaSi) mowveuli krebebi iRebdnen
gadawyvetilebebs avtokefaliis aRdgenis Sesaxeb. saqarTvelos eklesiis
samRvdeloebis krebam egzarqos platons gadasca pataki didi mTavris
nikolozisadmi gadasacemad, romelSic gamoTqmuli iyo Suamdgomloba
avtokefaliis aRdgenisaTvis.
kanonieri gziT, ruseTis sinodisa da saeklesio mTavrobis CarTviT
qarTulma samRvdeloebam ver moaxerxa eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena,
amitomac daeloda Sesaferis politikur moments, romelic male dadga 1917
wlis Tebervlis TveSi TviTmpyrobeloba daemxo, ruseTis saTaveSi movida
demokratiuli e.w. droebiTi mTavroba.

1917 wlis avtokefaliis aRmdgeneli krebebi

(cxra kreba)
1. `TviTgamorkvevis didi aqti~. 1917 wlis 12 marts sveticxovlis taZarSi
Seikriba
saqarTvelos
samRvdelobisa
da
eriskacTa
warmomadgenlebi,
romelTac
erTxmad
daadgines
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
avtokefaluri
mmarTvelobis aRdgena.
rusuli eklesia amtkicebda, rom aseTi qmedeba ara kanonikuri iyo da
qarTuli mxare unda dalodeboda ruseTis saeklesio krebis mowvevas,
romelic gadawyvetda saqarTvelos eklesiis sakiTxs. jer kidev 1906 wlidan
qarTul mxares miaCnda, rom ruseTis saeklesio krebas ufleba ar hqonda
ganexila masze ufro Zveli TavisTavadi iveriis (saqarTvelos) eklesiis
sakiTxi. agreTve miiCneoda, rom qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia mospo
ruseTis saero xelisuflebam anu TviTdampyroblurma saimperatoro karma
samxedro pirTa waqezebiT. sinodma mxolod aRasrula rus xelisufalTa neba.
qarTvelebSi icodnen, rom ruseTis momavali saeklesio kreba ar aRadgenda
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalias, amasTanave arc surdaT am ucxo
eklesiis
krebis
aranairi
dadgenilebis
aRsruleba,
radganac
es
avtokefaluri uflebebis kidev ufro SebRalvad miiCneoda.
mxolod TviTmpyrobeluri xelisufleba uSlida xels saqarTvelos
eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenas, amitomac 1917 wlis TebervalSi rusi
imperatoris taxtidan gadadgomis da revoluciis gziT saxelmwifos saTaveSi
demokratiuli mTavrobis mosvlisTanave, romelmac gamoacxada sindisisa da
sarwmunoebis Tavisufleba. qarTvelma mRvdelmTavrebma politikuri momenti
Sesaferisad miiCnies da avtokefaliis aRdgena gamoacxades.

TviTmpyrobeloba arc rusul eklesias aZlevda saSualebas saeklesio

krebis mowvevisa, amitomac werda leonide Tavis epistoleSi ruseTis
patriarqs tixons: `RvTaebriv gangebas eneba, raTa mocilebuliyo is, rac 1917
wlamdis abrkolebda rusuli saeklesio krebis mowvevas da ramac mospo
qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia. TviTmpyroblurma mTavrobam adgili dauTmo
saxalxo
warmomadgenlobas.
amgvari
cvlilebis
gamo,
saqarTvelos
episkoposebma, samRvdeloebisa da eriskacTa warmomadgenlebma droulad
miiCnies Sekrebiliyvnen 1917 wlis 12 marts mcxeTis mociqulTa taZarSi da
erTxmaTa da erTsulovnebiT daedginaT: amieridan saqarTvelos eklesiis
avtokefaluri mmarTveloba aRdgenilad CaiTvalos da amis Sesaxeb ecnobos
droebiT mTavrobas, romelmac Sescvala is xelisufleba, romelmac 1811 wels
mospo es mmarTveloba~188.
gazeTi `saqarTvelo~ ase aRwerda 1917 wlis 12 marts mcxeTis Sekrebas: `aq
iyvnen saqarTvelos mRvdel-mTavrebi: leonide, giorgi, antoni da pirosi,
Tfilisis mTeli qarTveli samRvdeloeba, deputatebi samRvdeloebisa: qarTlkaxeTisa, imereTisa da guria-odiSisa. saqarTvelos sagubernio da samazro
marSlebi, qarTul sakulto dawesebulebaTa warmomadgenlebi da Tavisi
surviliT mosuli xalxi. wirva mcxeTis taZarSi Seasrula episkoposma
leonidem sxvebis TanadaxmarebiT. episkoposma leonidem warmoTqva sityva da
gamoTqva sixaruli, rom amieridan saqarTvelos eklesia daiwyebs axal
cxovrebas. avtokefalurs da Tavisuflas. wirvis Semdeg taZris galavanSi
iqna gadaxdili samadlobeli paraklisi imis gamo, rom ruseTSi daemxo Zveli
sastiki wes-wyobileba da damyarda Tavisufleba. paraklisis Semdeg
samRvdeloeba da xalxi isev Sevida taZarSi, sadac moixsenies saqarTvelos
ukanaskneli mefeni: erekle II, giorgi XII da saqarTvelos TavisuflebisaTvis
Tavdadebulni
mamuliSvilni.
amasTanave
ugalobes
`mravalJamier~
saqarTvelos eklesiis TavisuflebisaTvis mebrZolT: episkoposebs kirions,
daviTs da arqimandrit ambrosis, romlebic iyvnen dasjilni ruseTis sinodis
mier. Semdeg waikiTxes im dRes mcxeTaSi Sedgenili oqmi, rom
a) am dRidan, e.i. 12 martidan, grZeldeba saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia;
b) droebiT, kaTalikosis arCevamde, eklesiis gamged iniSneba guria-odiSis
episkoposi leonide;
g) saqarTvelos eklesiis mmarTveloba evaleba aRmasrulebel komitets,
romelSiac Sedian, rogorc sasuliero, ise saero pirebi~189.
mcxeTis 12 martis Sekrebis mier miRebuli mTavari dokumenti (`oqmi~)
aseTia:
`1917 welsa, martis 12 dResa, mcxeTis wmidaTa aTTormetTa mociqulTa
sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso saydarSi, kvira dRes, SevikribeniT, ra,
Cven, saqarTvelos eklesiis mwyemsmTavarni, samRvdeloebis krebuli da
samwysoTa warmomadgenelni, SevasruleT wirva da savedrebeli paraklisi
gaviTvaliswineT ruseTis saxelmwifoSi momxdarni ZiriTadni cvlilebani da
axali mTavrobis dafuZneba da misi sayovelTao sazogadod saxelmZRvanelo
debulebani da gansakuTrebiT sindisisa da sarwmunoebis Tavisuflebis misgan
aRsareba (muxli 3), miviReT ra mxedvelobaSi:
a) vinaidan saqarTvelos eklesia arsebobda damoukideblad, Tanaxmad
msoflio
krebaTa
kanonebisa,
romlis
mospoba
anu
gauqmeba
ar

eqvemdebareboda araviTar Zalas, garda msoflio krebaTa da sruliad

arakanonikurad SeaCeres misi avtokefaluri marTva-gamgeoba;
b)
vinaidan ruseTis saxelmwifoSi dawesda axali saxelmwifo marTvagamgeoba, romelsac aRar Seesabameba saqarTvelos eklesiis uflebaaxdili
yofna, misaTvis aucileblad vscaniT erTxmad da erTsulovnad davadginoT:
- saCqaroT gangrZobil iqmnes saqarTelos eklesiis avtokefaluri marTvagamgeoba. xolo vidre srul kanonikur niadagze moxdebodes saqarTvelos
eklesiis kaTalikosis arCeva, droebiT dainiSnos kaTalikosis mosaydred
episkoposi leonide da masTan dawesdes saqarTvelos eklesiis gansageblad,
samRvdelo da saero pirTagan Semdgari droebiTi aRmasrulebeli komiteti
guria-samegrelos episkoposis leonides TavmjdomareobiT.
- vinaidan saqarTvelo gulwrfelad aRiarebs ruseTis axal mTavrobasTan
srul solidarobas Tavisi arsebobis qvakuTxedad, amisaTvis es dadgenileba
moxsendes ruseTis axali mTavrobis Tavmjdomares b.rozdiankos. ministrTa
sabWos Tavmjdomares Tavad lvovs, sinodis ober-prokurors b.lvovs da
ecnobos TfilisSi kavkasiis komisariats~.
am oqms `xels aweren mRvdel mTavarni, samRvdeloni, warmomadgenelni qarTvel
Tavad-aznaurebisa, sxvadasxva sakulto dawesebulebaTa, saqarTvelos qalaqTa
da mTlad damswre xalxi~190.
2. 1917 wlis 16 marts TbilisSi Sedga samRvdeloebis kreba, romelmac daadgina,
rom sionis taZarSi RvTismsaxureba yovelTvis Sesrulebuliyo qarTul enaze,
agreTve qarTul mrevlSi RvTismsaxureba mxolod qarTulad aRsrulebuliyo,
im mrevlSi, romlebSic rusebi Sedian, darCes qarTulTan erTad rusuli ena.
iqamde, ramdenime dRiT adre, kerZod 13 marts episkoposma leonidem gadasca
saqarTvelos egzarqoss platons werilobiTi gancxadeba, rom is, platoni,
mcxeTaSi momxdari krebis dadgenilebiT gadayenebulia egzarqosis adgilidan.
mas ara aqvs ufleba ataros qarTlis da kaxeTis arqiepiskoposis wodeba da
marTos qarTl-kaxeTis eparqiebi da samrevloebi, sasuliero saswavleblebi da
dawesebulebani saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos sazRvrebSi. erTmeva agreTve mas
is kreditebi, romelic unda gadaidos saqarTvelos eklesiis Sesanaxad.
saqarTvelos eklesiis yoveli saqme da mTeli qoneba platonma unda gadasces
mas, episkopos leonides, romelic daniSnulia am eklesiis droebiT gamged~191.
egzarqosTan da qarTul enasTan dakavSirebiT gaica Semdegi instruqcia
mRvdelmTavarTa mimarT:
a.
Sewyviton
yovelive
damokidebuleba
naegzarqosal
platonTan,
mis
kancelariasTan, sasinodo kantorasTan da am dawesebulebaTagan miRebul
SekiTxvebze Tu mimarTvaze pasuxi ar gascen.
b. Txovnebi da moxsenebani gaugzavnon kaTalikosis mosaydres, episkopos
leonides da saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiT mmarTvelobas. miwer-mowera unda
swarmoebdes qarTul enaze.
g. eklesiebSi moixsenion ara sinodi da egzarqosi, aramed kaTalikosis
mosaydre, episkoposi leonide da qarTveli mRvdelmTavrebi.
d. did kevreqsebze moixsenion igive kaTalikosis mosaydre~192.
19 marts xalxiT savse sionis taZarSi pirvelad qarTulad wira kaTalikosis
Tanamosaydrem leonidem. man Tavis sityvaSi xazi gausva qarTuli avtokefaliis
aRdgenis udides mniSvnelobas da damswre sazogadoebas Semdegi sityvebiT
mimarTa:
`qarTvelo
ero,
Cemo
sanatrelo
samwyso!
yurad
viRoT

ganTavisuflebuli eklesiis Zaxili, fici da aRTqma davdoT qalma da kacma,

rom msxverplad SevewirebiT sayvarel samSoblos da sul mokle drois
ganmavlobaSi eklesias gverdSi amouyenebT Tavisufal saqarTvelos~193.
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenam udidesi sixaruli gamoiwvia
MmTels saqarTveloSi. am periodis TiTqmis yvela gazeTSi iwereboda werilebi,
romlebSic mrevlisa da samRveloebis warmomadgelebi miesalmebodnen am
istoriuli
mniSvnelobis
faqts:
`vesalmebiT
mkvdreTiT
aRdgenils
avtokefalias da mis saukunoT damkvidrebas, mzad varT mtlad davedoT
sayvarel da kopwia iveriis eklesias da mis aRorZinebul avtokefalias~.
`sixarulis cremlebi momgvara wamebuli saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis
aRdgenam~, _ werda mRvdeli s. kekeliZe. `mravalricxovani kreba qarTvel
nacional-demokratebisa aRfrTovanebiT da erTsulovnad egebeba avtokefalur
saqarTvelos aRdgenil eklesias da gisurveben sasurvelad migeyvanoT
bolomde dawyebuli saqme~, _ iwerebodnen foTidan, cnobili sasuliero da
sazogado moRvawe, ruseTs gadasaxlebuli ep. kirioni vitebskidan ase miesalma
saqarTvelos eklesiis mesveurebs: `gilocavT avtokefalias, xundebi aexsna
Cvens sruliad iveriis eklesias, radganac damonebuli iyo Cveni erovnuli
siwminde, mdabio erad iqca qarTveli xalxi, tanjvis cremls Rvrida, axla ki
sixarulis cremls vafrqvevT Tavisufal eklesias~194.
arqimandriti ambrosi (xelaia), romelic mefis xelisuflebam 1909 wels
riazanSi gadaasaxla, imJamad staraia-rusadan Semdegs werda: `mravaltanjul
saqarTvelos vulocav sasixarulo ambavs misi eklesiis avtokefaliis
aRdgenisas. gixaroden Senc mSobelo dedav, sakaTalikoso eklesiav, aRsdeg da
moavline Seni cxovelmyofeloba urwmunoebis gzaze dayenebul xalxis
sakeTildReod, aRmobrwyindi Zveleburis sispetakiT da siwmindiT~195.
a)
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
avtokefaliis
aRdgenas
uaryofiTad
Sexvda
adgilobrivi rusi samRvdeloeba, es aqti maT TavisTvis miuReblad miiCnies da
axlad arCeul saeklesio mmarTvelobas undobloba gamoucxades. 1917 wlis 27
marts Semdgarma rusi samRvdeloebisa da mrevlis warmomadgenelTa krebam
miiRo dadgenileba ecnobebina uwm. sinodisaTvis Semdegi: `saqarTvelos
eklesiis avtokefalobis gamocxadebas ukve Sesrulebul faqtad vaRiarebT,
amasTan
erTad
CvenTvis
SeuZleblad
migvaCnia
SevideT
saqarTvelos
sakaTalikosoSi da amitom uwmindes sinodsa vTxovT daaarsos amierkavkasiis
saeqzarxoso, romelic xsenebul sinods unda emorCilebodes. am saeqzarxosoSi
unda Sevidnen yvela rusis mrevlebi, agreTve marTlmadidebelni sxva
erovnebaTa, Tu ki isini amas moisurveben~196.
b) 1917 wlis maisSi TbilisSi Sedga kavkasiaSi mosaxle rusebis saeklesio
kreba. qarTuli avtokefaluri eklesiis mowinaaRmdegeni didi gulmodginebiT
kvlav ganagrZobdnen avtokefalistTa winaaRmdeg RvarZlian ciliswamebas da
maT
kvlav
politikur
separatizmSi
debdnen
brals.
gansakuTrebiT
aqtiurobdnen naegzarqosali platoni, prof. vl. beneSeviCi da arqimanditi
nikandri. platonma cnoba miiRo saqarTvelos avtokefaliis aRdgenaze,
qarTvelebs rusi saldaTebis xiStebiT daemuqra196.
g) 1917
wlis 14 ivliss uwm. sinodma gamosca `droebiTi wesebi kavkasiaSi
rusuli marTlmadidebebli eklesiis mowyobisaTvis~, romliTac dawesda
rusuli samitropolito kaTedra TbilisSi, rac aSkarad ewinaaRmdegeboda I

msoflio saeklesio krebis VIII kanons: `raTa ar iyvnen orni episkopozni erTsa
qalaqsa Sina~197.
`rusi Sovinistebis MmxardaWeriT afxazi samRvdeloebisa da inteligenciis
erTma mravlricxovanma nawilma uari Tqva saqarTvelos eklesiis uzenaesobis
cnobaze da gadawyvita Seeqmna afxazeTis damoukidebeli eklesia. am mizniT 1917
w. 24-27 maiss maT moiwvies saeklesio kreba, romelmac gamoacxada
`damoukidebeli, nacionaluri meTauris~ rezidenciad q. soxumi, magram
sinamdvileSi 1919 wlis martamde, rogorc adre, soxumis eparqiis ruseTis
episkoposi
sergi
marTavda,
amitomac
zemoT
aRniSnuli
cru
krebis
sapirispirod 1919 wlis 7 oqtombers mowveulma afxazeTis samRvdeloebam
350kacis SemadgenlobiT daadgina: 1. avtonomiuri afxazeTis teritoriaze
aRdgenili xdeba saqarTvelos sakaTalikosis TviTmdgomi eparqia soxumafxazeTis saxelwodebiT~. am eparqias Semdgom saTaveSi Caudga Wyondideli
mitropoliti ambrosi xelaia198.
3. 1917 wlis 29 marts Sedga saqarTvelos eklesiis mmarTvelobis kreba,
romelmac ganixila is gadawyvetileba, romelic miiRo ruseTis droebiTma
mTavrobam saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb.
1917 wlis 17 marts droebiTma mTavrobam saqarTvelos eklesiis mmarTvelobas
gamougzavna Tavisi dadgenileba mcxeTis 13 martis aqtTan dakavSirebiT,
romelSic naTqvami iyo: `mieces saqarTvelos eklesias avtokefalia ara
teritorialuri, aramed erovnuli niSnis mixedviT. marTlmadidebeli rusebis
da araqarTveli marTlmadideblebis eklesiebi darCnen ruseTis sinodis
gamgeobis
qveS.
saqarTvelos
eklesiam
gamoarkvios
Tavis
uflebrivi
mdgomareoba da warudginos dasamtkiceblad droebiT mTavrobas. manamde
rCebian ucvlelad saegzarqosoSi arsebuli dawesebulebani. saqarTvelos
eklesiis avtokefaliis aRiareba sabolood ekuTvnis ruseTis damfuZnebel
krebas~199.
ruseTis saxelmwifo mmarTvelTa gadawyvetilebam saqarTvelos eklesiis
avtokefalobis aRiarebis Sesaxeb erTi mxriv gaaxara qarTuli mxare, meore
mxriv ki aRaSfoTa, rac gamoixata 1917 w. 28 martis protestiT: `saqarTvelos
eklesiis cnobas nacionalur eklesiad da ara teritorialur avtokefaliad
istoriaSi
precedenti
ar
aqvs
da
savsebiT
ewinaaRmdegeba
marTlmadideblebisaTvis savaldebulo eklesiis yvela kanons. saqarTvelos
eklesiis avtokefalia unda iyos cnobili teritoriul safuZvlebze Zveli
drois qarTul sakaTalikozo sazRvrebSi~200.
saqme is iyo, rom droebiTma mTavrobam saqarTvelos eklesiis sakiTxi
`arakanonikurad gadaWra, vinaidan saqarTvelos avtokefalur eklesias
miakuTvna erovnuli qarTuli xasiaTi da ar SezRuda igi gansazRvruli
teritoriiT, rogorc amas kanonebi aweseben. imave kanonTa sawinaaRmdegod man
`yvela marTlmadidebeli samrevloebi rusulni da sxva araqarTulni
marTlmadidebeli rusuli eklesiis uwyebaSi datova. sakiTxis amgvari
Setrialeba
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
droebiTma
mmarTvelobam
cno
200
arakanonikurad~ .
29 martis krebam daadgina: `saqarTvelos eklesiis erovnuli avtokefalia
ewinaaRmdegeba saeklesio kanonebs. Tu aseTi avtokefalia mieca saqarTvelos
eklesias, xSirad eqneba adgili rus-qarTvelTa interesebis dapirispirebas, rom
agvSordes Tavidan es safrTxe, saqarTvelos eklesias unda mieces avtokefalia

teritorialuri.
rusebs
eyolebaT
avtonomiuri
episkoposi,
romelmac
saeklesio kanonis ZaliT daemorCileba saqarTvelos kaTalikoss~201.
4. iqamde, 1917 wlis 27 marts Tbilisis rusma samRvdeloebam moiwvia kreba.
dekanoz vostorgovis yofili TanamoRvaweni axla Semokrebilni iyvnen yofil
egzarqos arqiepiskopos platonTan `qalaq Tbilisis samRvdeloebisa da
eriskacTa komitetis saxeliT~. am komitetma aRniSnul dRes daadgina: `ecnobis
uwmides sinods Semdegi: radganac saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis
gamocxadeba Sesrulebuli faqtia, xolo CvenTvis SeuZlebelia saqarTvelos
sakaTalikozoSi Sesvla, vSuamdgomlobT uwmidesi sinodis winaSe, daarsdes
amierkavkasiis saegzarqoso, uwmidesi sinodisadmi daqvemdebarebuli, romlis
SemadgenlobaSi unda iyvnen yvela rusuli samrevloebi, agreTve sxva
erovnebaTa marTlmadideblebic, Tu isini amas moisurveben~202.
ruseTis droebiTma mTavrobam amierkavkasiaSi mcxovrebi rusebis saeklesio
interesebis dasacavad da agreTve saqarTvelos eklesiis saqmeebis mosawyobad
TbilisSi gamogzavna peterburgis universitetis profesori beneSeviCi. igi
ramdenime Tve cxovrobda TbilisSi. misi TanamonawileobiT saqarTvelos
eklesiis xelmZRvanelebma SeimuSaves `ZiriTadi debulebani saqarTvelos
eklesiis
uflebrivi
mdgomareobisa
ruseTis
saxelmwifoSi~,
romelic
profesorma gaugzavna droebiT mTavrobas dasamtkiceblad. amasTanave 1917 wlis
ivnisSi qarTuli eklesiis specialuri delegaciac gaemgzavra peterburgSi am
debulebaTa dasamtkiceblad.
5. 1917 wlis maisSi Sedga `kavkasiaSi mosaxle rusebis saeklesio kreba~203.
vostorgovis yofili Tanamoazreni ver eguebian saqarTvelos eklesiis
teritoriuli mowyobis princips.
6. ruseTis mTavrobam 1917 wlis 25 ivliss, ministr-Tavmjdomare a.kerenskisa da
uwmidesi sinodis oberprokuroris a.kartaSevis xelis moweriT daamtkica
`ruseTis saxelmwifoSi saqarTvelos eklesiis uflebrivi mdgomareobis
proeqti~204, romelic Camoyalibda debulebis saxiT, romelic aseTia:
ZiriTadi debulebani saqarTvelos eklesiis uflebrivi mdgomareobisa ruseTis
saxelmwifoSi
a) saqarTvelos eklesias qarTvelTa modgmis marTlmadidebluri mosaxleoba
Seadgens, rogorc Zvel saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos sazRvrebSi, ise mis gareSe
myofi.
SeniSvna:
afxazeTisa
da
amierkavkasiis
osebis
mrevlebs,
romelTac
qarTvelebTan
erTad
ganuyofelis
saeklesio
istoriulis
cxovrebiT
ucxovriaT, SeuZliaT, Tu moisurveben saqarTvelos eklesiis SemadgenlobaSi
Semovidnen.
b) erTsa da imave saxelmwifoSi erTad cxovrebis gamo, saqarTvelos eklesiis
mRvdelmsaxurni movaleni arian daakmayofilon sarwmunoebrivi moTxovnilebani
sxva, araqarTvel marTlmadidebel erovnebaTa warmomadgenlebisa, romelnic
saWiroebis dros mimarTaven maT, agreTve am erovnebaTa mRvdelmsaxurnic
movaleni arian qarTvelTa sarwmunoebrivi moTxovnilebani daakmayofilon.
magram es SemTxvevani arc erT eklesias sabuTs ar aZlevs Tavis wevrebad
CaTvalos is pirni, romelnic mimarTaven mas saWiroebis gamo.
SeniSvna: amgvar SemTxvevaSi mommarTvelT ufleba ara aqvT moiTxovon, rom maT
sarwmunoebriv
moTxovnilebaTa
dakmayofileba
maT
mSobliur
enaze
sruldebodes.

g) saqarTvelos eklesia ganiyofeba eparqiebad da ukanasknelni samrevloebad.

rogorc pirvelT, ise meoreTa raodenoba sagangebod damtkicebuli siiT
ganisazRvreboda. amasTanave maTi raodenoba SeiZleba gadidebul iqnes, roca
amas moiTxovs an mosaxleobis zrda-momateba, an sivrce, an mimosvlis siZnele.
d) saqarTvelos eklesias saWeTmpyroblobs `mcxeTisa da Tfilisis mTavar
episkoposi,
kaTalikos-patriarqi
sruliad
saqarTveloisa~,
romelsac
moqalaqeobrivad srulwlovanni wevrni eklesiisani pirdapiris, Tanasworis,
sayovelTao da farulis xmis micemiT irCeven.
e) kaTalikos-patriarqi aRirCevis rogorc sasuliero pirTagan, ise maRali
xarisxisaTvis Sesafer TvisebebiT Semkul eriskacTagan, xolo arCevis Semdeg,
vidre ekurTxebodes, igi waredginebis dasamtkiceblad umaRles saxelmwifo
mTavrobas.
v) kaTalikos-patriarqs da masTan erTad mis meTaurobiT momqmed saqarTvelos
eklesiis krebas ekuTvnis mTeli savseba saeklesio xelmwifebisa, romelic
gamoixateba saeklesio kanonmdeblobiTsa, saadministracio sasamarTlosa,
saeklesio
RvTismsaxurebiTsa
da
sarwmunoebriv
zneobrivis
xasiaTis
funqciebSi da romelsac igi ganaxorcielebs saeklesio mmarTvelobis
saTanado organizaciebis daxmarebiT.
z) kaTalikos-patriarqi cxovrobs TfilisSi da saeklesio saqmeTa gamo miwermowera da urTierToba aqvs yvela avtokefalur eklesiasTan da agreTve
umaRles dawesebulebebTan saxelmwifoSi.
T) msoflio eklesiis mier Sewynarebul kanonTa, saqarTvelos eklesiis
krebaTa dadgenilebebisa da agreTve kaTalikos-patriarqisa da masTan arsebul
sakaTalikoso sabWos gankargulebaTa Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos eklesia imuSavebs
saeklesio cxovrebisa da marTva gamgeobis sakuTar wessa, romelic
saxelmwifoebriv kanonmdeblobas ar unda ewinaaRmdegebodes.
i) saqarTvelos marTlmadideblobiTs eklesias iseTive iuridiuli mdgomareoba
aqvs saxelmwifoSi, rogorc ruseTis marTlmadideblobiTs eklesias.
k) saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos saeklesio dawesebulebani, umaRlesi ierarqia,
sakaTedro, samrevlo da samonastro samRvdeloeba, vidre sazogadod
gadawydebodes
saeklesio
sakiTxi
ruseTSi,
iReben
sarCos
yvela
saSualebaTagan, romelnic aqamomde saqarTvelos yofil saegzarqosos
Sesanaxavad
eZleodnen,
im
nawilis
kvalobaze,
romelic
yofil
saegzarqososagan sakaTalikosoSia Semosuli.
SeniSvna: xazinaSi gadasul saeklesio qonebisaTvis saqarTvelos eklesia
dakmayofilebul unda iyos im saxiT, romelic SemuSavebul iqneba mis da
saxelmwifo mTavrobas Soris saurTierTo SeTanxmebiT.
l) xarjTaRricxvis Sedgena da misi saxelmwifo dawesebulebaSi wardgena
saqmea saqarTvelos eklesiis Tavisa, romlis pirdapir gankargulebaSi
gadmoecemis yvela krediti.
m) saqarTvelos eklesia iuridiuli piria saxelmwifoSi da viTarca aseTs, mas
ufleba aqvs moZrav-uZrav qonebaTa SeZenisa da ganTavisebisa. kanonis mier
gansazRvrulis wesisamebr, maTis flobisa, gankargulebebisa da sargeblobisa.
SeniSvna: saqarTvelos yofili saegzarqoso dawesebulebani da qoneba gadadis
sakuTrebad saqarTvelos eklesiis xelSi im nawilis garda, romelic
araqarTul samrevloebs exeba.

n) saqarTvelos eklesiis sasuliero saswavleblebs mTavrobis saswavlebelTa

uflebani aqvT imdenadve, ramdenadac aseve uflebani ekuTvnis ruseTis
eklesiis sasuliero saswavleblebs.
o) Sinagani sakancelario warmoeba saqmisa saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos yvela
dawesebulebaSi, agreTve swavlebac mis sasuliero saswavleblebSi, qarTulad
warmoebs.
mimateba
`ZiriTad
debulebaTa~
$1-sa:
saqarTvelos
eklesia
TvisTvis
SeuZleblad Tvlis angariSi ar gauwios droebiTi mTavrobis gadawyvetilebas,
romelmac saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaluri uflebebi aRdgenilad cno
erovnul
safuZvelze.
ris
winaaRmdegac
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
mmarTvelobisagan am wlis 29 marts ukve gaigzavna depeSiT protesti: igi
iZulebulia dauTmos am gadawyvetilebas, magram Tavis mxriv araviTar
pasuxismgeblobas ar kisrulobs istoriisa da msoflio eklesiis msjavris
winaSe am antikanonikur principis SemotanisaTvis, romelic SeerTebulia
mraval praqtikuli xasiaTis uxerxulobasTan da Tanac sanqcias aZlevs
marTlmadideblobiTi eklesiis mier uaryofil filetizms~205.
ruseTis saxelmwifoSi qarTuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mdgomareobis
wesebi.
I. dadgindes droebiTi wesebi ruseTis saxelmwifoSi qarTuli eklesiis
mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. Tan erTvis.
II. daevalos gansakuTrebul komisias, romlis Semadgenlobas droebiTi
mTavroba gansazRvravs, daamuSaos sakiTxi saqarTvelos saegzarqosodan
qvemdebare
saeklesio
dawesebulebebis
gamoyofisa
da
saqarTvelos
kaTalikosatis gamgeblobaSi gadacemisa; amasTanave sakiTxi - marTlmadidebeli
qarTveli eklesiis xarjebisaTvis saxelmwifo xazinidan ra sididiT da ris
safuZvelze gaices kreditebi. xolo komisiis daskvna gansaxilvelad
waredginos droebiT mTavrobas.
III. am dadgenilebis Sesabamisad qarTuli eklesiis mowyobamde da sarwmunoebis
saministros
daarsebamde,
uwmidesi
mmarTveli
sinodis
oberprokurors
qarTuli eklesiis mimarT SeunarCundes is uflebebi, romlebic ekuTvnoda
saqarTvelos saegzarqosos mimarT. 1917 w. 25 ivlisi.~
xels aweren: ministr-Tavmjdomare a. kerenski,
uwmidesi sinodis oberprokurori - a. kartaSevi.
`ruseTis saxelmwifoSi qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiis mdgomareobis
droebiTi wesebi.
1. qarTuli eklesiis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis yvela marTlmadidebeli qarTuli
modgmis mcxovrebi ruseTis mTel saxelmwifoSi.
2. afxazeTisa da amirierkavkasiis mrevlebs SeuZliaT maTi survilisamebr
Sevidnen qarTuli eklesiis SemadgenlobaSi.
3.
qarTuli
eklesiis
mRvdelmsaxurebs
SeuZliaT
aRasrulon
im
marTlmadidebelTa religiuri moTxovnilebani, romlebic saamisod maT
mimarTaven da ar arian erovnebiT qarTvelni, iseve, rogorc yvela
marTlmadidebel mRvdels SeuZlia aRasrulos qarTvelTa moTxovnilebani.
4. qarTuli eklesia iyofa eparqiebad, xolo eparqiebi mrevlebad; erTisa da
meoris raodenoba ganisazRvreba mTavrobis mier damtkicebuli gansakuTrebuli
ganrigebiT.

5. qarTuli eklesiis saWeTmpyrobelia mcxeTis mTavarepiskoposi, yovelTa

qarTvelTa kaTalikos-patriarqi, romelsac irCeven qarTuli eklesiis wesebis
mixedviT.
6. kaTalikos-patriarqis arCeva unda daamtkicos umaRlesma saxelmwifo
xelisuflebam, vidre mas am wodebas mianiWebdnen.
7. kaTalikos-patriarqs qarTuli eklesiis krebasTan erTad, romelsac TviTon
udgas saTaveSi, xelT upyria mTeli saeklesio Zalaufleba da mas saeklesio
mmarTvelobis organoebis daxmarebiTa da kanonebis Sesabamisad aRasrulebs.
8. kaTalikos-patriarqis adgilsamyofelia q.Tbilisi.
9. saeklesio saqmeebze kaTalikos-patriarqi yvela avtokefalur eklesias,
romlebic ruseTis saxelmwifos sazRvrebs gareTaa, ukavSirdeba sagareo
saqmeTa saministros meSveobiT.
10. qarTuli kaTalikosatis saeklesio dawesebulebani, umaRlesi ierarqia,
sakaTedro, samrevlo da samonastro samRvdeloeba jamagirs Rebuloben
saxelmwifo xazinis saxsrebidan, amasTan saWiro Tanxebi gadaicema kaTalikospatriarqis gankargulebaSi imis safuZvelze da im raodenobiT, rasac kanoni
gansazRvravs.
11. qarTuli eklesiis dawesebulebani saerTo samoqalaqo kanonebis dadgenil
safuZvelze sargebloben iuridiul pirTa uflebiT.
12. qarTuli eklesiis sasuliero-samrevlo dawesebulebebs SeiZleba mieceT
saxelmwifo saswavlo dawesebulebaTa ufleba.
13. qarTuli kaTalikosatis yvela dawesebulebis Sinasakancelario saqmis
marTva da swavleba sasuliero-saswavlo dawesebulebebSi qarTul enazea.
14. qarTuli eklesia qorwinebis saqmeTa aRsrulebisa da samoqalaqo
mdgomareobis aqtebis Sedgenisas sargeblobs saerTo kanoniT~.
xels awers uwmidesi sinodis oberprokurori a. kartaSevi.
1917 wlis 25 ivlisi206, 1917 wlis 26 agvisto - 8 seqtemberi).
7. 1917 wlis zafxulSi ruseTSi moxda saeklesio mmarTvelobis udidesi
cvlileba, gauqmebuli iqna `uwmidesi sinodis~ mmarTveloba da aRsdga
patriarqobis instituti. aseTi cvlilebisaTvis saWiro iyo ruseTis saeklesio
krebis mowveva. 1917 wlis ivnisSi, monarqiis damxobis Semdeg, moskovSi muSaoba
daiwyo sruliad ruseTis sasulieroTa da eriskacTa I-ma yrilobam. es iyo
prologi saeklesio krebisa. ruseTis adgilobrivi saeklesio kreba gaixsna 1917
wlis 15 agvistos (RvTismSoblis miZinebis dRes) moskovis kremlis miZinebis
taZarSi. 28 oqtombers (10 noembers) krebam miiRo istoriuli gadawyvetileba
sapatriarqos aRdgenis Sesaxeb. 5 (18) noembers moskovsa da sruliad ruseTis
patriarqad airCies mitropoliti tixoni (belavini, 1865-1825). misi intronizacia
Sedga 21 noembers (4 dekembers). krebis gansazRvrebis Tanaxmad igi
mmarTvelobas Seudga wmida sinodTan da umaRles saeklesio sabWosTan erTad.
ruseTis saeklesio kreba ar iyo kargad ganwyobili saqarTvelos eklesiis
avtokefaliis aRdgenis mimarT. Tbilisidan da saqarTvelodan Sovinisturi
suliskveTebiT gaJRenTili rusi samRvdeloeba da eriskacebi moskovis krebas
awvdidnen gamaRizianebel cnobebs.
yvelaze gamoCenil mRvdelmTavrebs ruseTis eklesiisa (magaliTad, mitropolit
sergis, romelic 1917 w. ambobda: `rusul eklesiur Segnebas arasodes
eucxoeboda azri, raTa saqarTvelos eklesias dabruneboda misi winandeli

wyobileba~ da surda, raTa qarTvel xalxs `axal pirobebSi epovna wyaro

axali Ronisa Tavisi sulieri ganviTarebisaTvis da qristes WeSmaritebis
dRedaRam
dacvisaTvis~)
nebavdaT,
rom
qarTul
mxares
eklesiuri
avtokefaliisaTvis mieRwia rusul eklesiasTan `kanonikuri mimarTebiT~,
kerZod, rusul mxares kanonikuri gziT, kerZod, saeklesio krebis meSveobiT
mieniWebina anda ar mieniWebina qarTvelebisaTvis saeklesio avtokefala,
amitomac moiTxovdnen ruseTis saeklesio krebaze am sakiTxis gatanas, masSi
qarTveli deputaciis monawileobas. rusuli saeklesio krebis mowvevis dros
qarTul eklesias ukve avtokefalia hqonda gamocxadebuli da ar surda rom
qarTuli eklesiis sakiTxi ganexila rusul krebas, radganac icoda, rom kreba
mas avtokefalias ar mianiWebda. samarTlebrivi mxriT qarTul mxares miaCnda,
rom ruseTis eklesias ar hqonda ufleba ganexila uZvelesi qarTuli
avtokefaluri eklesiis sakiTxi msoflio krebebis dadgenilebebis Sesabamisad,
romelic ar aZlevs uflebas erT eklesias (eparqias) CaerTos meore eklesiis
saqmeSi, miT umetes, ganixilos igi Tavis nawilad. qarTuli eklesiis
delegacia ar daeswro ruseTis saeklesio krebas, magram saqarTvelos eklesia
depeSiT (1917 w. 19 agvisto) miesalma krebis gaxsnas da gadasca `Zmuri,
qristesmieri salami, survili nayofieri muSaobisa~207.
sabolood qarTuli mxaris armonawileoba ruseTis saeklesio krebis mier
miCneul
iqna,
rogorc
saqarTvelos
survili
darCeniliyo
`ruseTis
eklesiasTan yovelive erTobis gareSe~. qarTuli mxare Semdgom acxadebda, rom
`Cven am krebaze aravis davuZaxnivarT Zmurad, rogorc daZaxil iyvnen
konstantinopolis, elladis, serbiisa da sxva eklesiaTa warmomadgenlebi~. e.i.
qarTuli mxare moiTxovda igi miewviaT, rogorc ukve avtokefaluri eklesia da
ar ganxiluliyo misi avtokefaliis sakiTxi.
am megobruli, urTierTTavaziani misalmebebis ukan mimdinareobda gacxarebuli
omi. 1917 wlis gazafxulze Tbilisis rusi samRvdeloebis xelmZRvanelobiT
Camoyalibda `amierkavkasiis erovnuli sabWo~, romelic 1917-1921 wlebSi
`moqmedebda rogorc mexuTe kolona, romelic didi SemarTebiT ibrZoda
qarTuli erovnuli moZraobis, qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis winaaRmdeg.
saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis dacemaSi lomis wili swored
amierkavkasiis rusTa erovnul sabWos miuZRvis~208.
Tbilisisa (da saqarTvelos) rusi samRvdeloebis mier organizebuli rusTa
`komitetebi~ da `sabWoebi~ did Zalas warmoadgenda, romelsac Seswevda unari
ebrZola TviT saqarTvelos saxelmwifos winaaRmdegac ki, miT umetes qarTuli
avtokefaluri eklesiis winaaRmdeg, magram sabednierod qarTul eklesias im
dros marTavda mxne, SorsmWvreteli da mtkice politikosi leonide, sxva
mRvdelmTavrebTan
erTad,
romelmac
warmatebiT,
brZnuli
politikuri
gadawyvetilebebiT SeZlo moegeriebina rusTa Semotevebi. magaliTad, roca 1917
wlis 14 ivliss ruseTis uwmidesma sinodma gamosca `droebiTi wesebi
kavkasiaSi rusuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis mowyobisaTvis~209, TbilisSi
rusuli samitropolito kaTedris dawesebiT~, yovladsamRvdelo leonidem
maSinve upasuxa am veragul ganzRaxvas Tbilelis saepiskopo kaTedris
aRdgeniT.
rusul mxares miaCnda, rom TbilisSi `kavkasiis egzarqosis~ rusuli
samitropolito
kaTedris
daarseba
TavisTavad
Caklavda
mcxeTis
sakaTalikosos finansur da sulier Zalmosilebas, radganac rusTa mier

Tbilisis
eklesiebis
xelSi
CagdebiT
qarTuli
eklesia
finansurad
gakotrdeboda, sulierad ki dauZlurdeboda.
ar unda daviviwyoT, rom am dros saqarTvelo kvlav ruseTis saxelmwifos
SemadgenlobaSi imyofeboda, saqarTvelos damoukidebloba TiTqmis erTi wlis
Semdeg 1918 wlis 26 maiss gamocxadda. rus samRvdeloebasa da jer kidev
TbilisSi mjdom egzarqoss didi Zala hqonda. leonide mis Sesaxeb werda `uwmidesi sinodis wevrma mTavarepiskoposma platonma Cvengan cnoba miiRo
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalur uflebaTa aRdgenis Taobaze, ris Semdeg
mas bunebrivad unda ayroda ufleba qarTlisa da kaxeTis mTavarepiskopozisa
da saqarTvelos egzarqosad darCeniliyo, Zmuri salamis magier, rusis
saldaTebis xiStebiT dagvemuqra. uwmidesma sinodma ki daayovna damdgariyo e.w.
bulgareli sqizmis Tvalsazrisze~210.
sazogadoebriv Zalauflebas socialisturi partiebi flobdnen. qarTveli
`revolucionerebi~ ara Tu uTanagrZnobdnen im droisaTvis ukve gamocxadebul
avtokefalias, aramed miaCniaT rom `ruseTis erTianobisaTvis~ anu `edinaia
nedelimaia~ mTliani - ganuyofeli ruseTisaTvis qarTuli avtokefalia
saxifaTo gaxda. ruseTis mTavrobac Tavs aridebda `almacerad epyroboda~
avtokefaliis sakiTxs (leonides sityviT, `kerenskim Cveni saeklesio delegacia
ar miiRo~). sazogadod ki `revoluciur~ duRilSi CarTul qarTvelebs
eTakilebodaT kidec gamosarClebodnen `klerikalebis~ pretenziebs211.
rusma samRvdeloebam da monazvnebma Tavis xelSi aiRes zogierTi qarTuli
taZari da ar anebebdnen mis gadasvlas qarTuli sakaTalikosos iurisdiqciaSi
(am dros qarTul mxares exmareboda erovnul-demokratiuli partia, mis wevrebs
xels uSlidnen, tuqsavdnen social-demokratebi).
aseT viTarebaSi leonidem aRadgina Tbileli mitropolitis kaTedra, amiT ki
rusul
mxares
saSualeba
moespo
TbilisSi
daearsebinaT
rusuli
samitropolito kaTedra. `1917 wlis 15 agvistis sionis taZarSi wirvis Semdeg
episkoposi leonide dadga ambionze, xolo mTavardiakonma kaTedridan Semdegi
aqti gamoacxada: `ganbWobiTa da gamowvlilviTa saqarTvelos eklesiis
droebiTi mmarTvelobisa da samRvdeloiTa da saeroTa dasTa Tbilisis da
sxvaTa saqarTvelos qalaqTaiTa Tavdadgmul iqmna uZvelesi saydari Tbileli
mitropolitTai, romelic erTi saukune ganicdida qvrivobasa, xolo saydarsa
amas zeda STagonebiTa sulisa wmidisa da SemokrebulTa erTsulovan da
TanxmobiTi aRrCeviTa aRiyvanebis sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiis kaTalikospatriarqis mosaydre episkoposi guria-odiSisa yovlad usamRvdlesi leonide,
viTarca misTvis da vTqvaT aqsiosi~212.
ramdenime dRis Semdeg, 23 agvistos, mitropolitma leonidem daikava is bina,
romelic eWiraT saqarTvelos egzarqosebs, viTarca qarTvelTa kuTvnileba.
`amis gamo saqarTvelos naegzarqosalma platonma 25 agvistos moskovis
saeklesio krebaze ganacxada, rom saqarTvelo CamoSorda marTlmadideblobas
da gamoacxada avtokefalia. mas, platons, TbilisSi boikoti gamoucxades da
rusi berebi Seawuxes. axla man depeSa miiRo, rom 23 agvistos qarTvelebma
leonides meTaurobiT (saxalxo) miliciis monawileobiT daikaves egzarqosis
saxli, dabeWdes eklesia, moiTxoves karebis gasaRebi da daatusaRes ramdenime
sasuliero piri. es ukve euwya prokurors da mTavrobis sxva pirebs. amis
Semdeg droebiTi mTavrobis warmomadgenelma ganacxada, rom saWiroa Sesdges

SemaTanxmebeli komisia, romelic moawesrigebs qarTvelebis da rusebis

eklesiebis saqmeso~213.
qarTul da rusul eklesiaTa urTierToba daiZaba, saWiro iyo kanonikuri
safuZveli, raTa eklesiis avtokefalia ufro ganmtkicebuliyo, amitom gadawyda
saqarTvelos saeklesio krebis mowveva.
8. 1917 wlis 3 agvistos Sedga eklesiis mmarTvelobis sxdoma, romelmac
gadawyvita moewvia saqarTvelos saeklesio krebis winaswari TaTbiri, romelic
Sedga kidec imave wlis 12 agvistos qalTa saeparqio saswavleblis SenobaSi.
daeswrnen eparqiebis aRmasrulebeli komitetebis wevrebi da saeklesio
dawesebulebaTa warmomadgenlebi, sul 60-mde delegati. TaTbirma ganixila is
sakiTxebi, romlebic unda garCeuliyo saeklesio krebaze. imave wlis agvistos
damlevs da seqtembris dasawyisSi mTel saqarTveloSi airCies saeklesio
krebis delegatebi sayovelTao, pirdapiri, Tanaswori da faruli xmis micemiT.
TiToeuli saeklesio olqi irCevda oTx delegats. erT mRvdels, erT diakons
an medaviTnes da or eriskacs. Savi samRvdeloeba Tavis delegatebs calke
irCevda. amis garda saeklesio krebis wevrebad iTvlebodnen yvela qarTveli
episkoposi da qarTuli monastrebis winamZRvrebi214.
9. saqarTvelos eklesiis I kreba (avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg) 1917 wlis 8-17
seqtemberi.
krebis sagani iyo eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebaTa SemuSaveba da
kaTalikoz-patriarqis arCeva.
a) 8 seqtembers arCeuli delegatebi, ricxviT 600-mde, Seikribnen Tbilisis
sionis taZarSi. wires mitropolitma leonide oqropiriZem, episkoposebma
pirosi oqropiriZem, antoni giorgaZem, giorgi aladaSvilma aqrimandritebTan
da samRvdeloebasTan erTad. wirvis Semdeg leonidem waikiTxa gujari
avtokefaliis Sesaxeb, warmoTqva `Zegliswera wmidisa da RvTiv-ganbrZnobilisa
krebisa, romeli Semoikriba qalaqsa Tfiliss 1917 welsa, seqtembris mervesa
dResa~, romelSic naTqvami iyo: `Semokrebilni sulisa mier wmidisa da
Sedgomilni moZRvrebasa uflisa Cvenisa da macxovrisa iesu qristeissa,
wmidaTa misTa mociqulTa da mowafeTa, RirsTa RmerTSemosilTa mamaTa,
wmidaTa da RvTivganbrZnobilTa msoflioTa da adgilobiTTa krebaTa,
vRaRadebT da vityviT `gvrwams erTi RmerTi (mrwamsi sruliad)~, xolo iqmna
Sekreba Cveni ara Tu biwisaTvis raisame qarTvelTa sarwmunoebisa, nu iyofin
ese, ara gecruvnen Sen siwmidiT mSobelo Cveno kaTolike eklesiao, arca
gangceT
Sen
siqaduli
Cveno
marTlmadideblobao,
romlisa
arca
ganmcemelqmnil varT, aramed sxvaTa saeklesioTa ZiebaTaTvis: dasawyissa
meaTcxrametisa saukunisasa dayenebul iqmna TviT Tavoba eklesiisa Cvenisa,
waritaces Cvengan mama makurTxeveli (e.i. kaTalikosi) da dagvamorCiles Cven
saydarsa ucxosa. amis gamo Seirya trapezi Cveni da mooxrdnen savaneni Cveni...
garna ara mokvda erTi qarTveli, romeli ficiTa warTqvamda: `ukueTu
dagiviwyo Sen, sion, daviwyebul iyavn marjvena Cemi~, mravalTa RirsTa mwyemsTa
da mwyemsmTavarTa suli dasdves zrunvasa Sina da vaebasa aRSenebisa da
keTilwarmatebisaTvis eklesiisa Cvenisa, mravalni moaqamomde iRwvian, viTarca
mwyemsni keTilni, da aha, aRmobrwyinda `dRe, romeli qmna ufalman, vixarebdeT
da viSvebdeT mas Sina, aRmobrwyinda dRe aRdgomisa Cvenisa da Cven viqmeniT

Tvisad eklesiisa Cvenisa. SemovkrbiT dRes, raTa ganvamtkicoT gvami eklesiisa

Cvenisa, STavberoT mas Sina suli cxoveli, SemovzRudoT igi moZRvarTa
marTlisa sarwmunoebisaiTa da SevmosoT igi kvarTisa jerovanisa marTvagamgeobisaiTa. ese ars zrunva Cveni. ese ars saqme Cveni, romelsa Sina
wargvimarTos Cven sulman RmrTisaman meoxebiTa wmidaTa da RmerTSemosilTa
mamaTa da moRvaweTa iveriis eklesiaTa~. leonides `Zeglisdeba~ warmouTqvams
mravalJamieris galobis Semdeg.
ugalobes mravalJamieri qarTvel ers, mitropolit leonides, mRvdelmTavrebs,
iq myofebs, moixsenies eklesiis TavisuflebisaTvis Tavganwiruli dosiTeoz
quTaTeli da eqvTime gelaTeli, mefeebi, kaTalikozebi, samRvdeloni215,
TavisuflebisaTvis mebrZolni. delegatebs miuRiaT fici da leonides
gamoucxadebia kreba gaxsnilad.
b) 8 seqtemberi, 1917, saRamos sxdoma: Sedga qalTa saeparqio saswavleblis
SenobaSi. airCies samandato komisia delegatebis mandatebis Sesabamisad.
ganixiles sxva organizaciuli sakiTxebi.
g) 9 seqtemberi, dRis sxdoma gaixsna sionis taZarSi 10 saaTze. wesdebis
Sesabamisad krebas Tavmjdomareobda leonide. krebis erTma nawilma moiTxova
Tavmjdomaris arCeva. am saganze gaimarTa cxare kamaTi, sabolood krebam
Tavmjdomared cno leonide. krebam `Tavmjdomaris amxanagad~ airCia episkoposi
antoni, dek. k. kekeliZe, r. Cxotua da sxvebi. arCeul iqna prezidiumi, masSi
Sevidnen sasuliero da saero pirebi. faqtobrivad krebas Tavmjdomareobda
prezidiumis sami wevri: giorgi Juruli, trifon jafariZe da spiridon kedia.
krebas daevala: 1. sakaTalikoso eklesiis organizacia; 2. kodifikacia da
samarTali; 3. RvTismsaxureba da samRvdeloeba; 4. saeklesio skolebis
momavali; 5. ber-monazvnobis cxovrebis organizacia; 6. saqarTvelos eklesiis
Stati;
7.
arCevnebi
kaTalikosis,
quTaTelis,
Wyondidelis,
urbnelis,
alaverdelis, sabWos 8 wevrisa da sasamarTlos 6 wevris. Semdeg waikiTxes
misaloci depeSebi berZnebis sazogadoebidan, osebisagan, adgilobriv rusTa
mcxovreblebisagan, baqos mahmadianebisagan da kerZo pirebisagan216.
d) 9 seqtembris saRamos sxdoma. waikiTxes amierkavkasiis sagangebo komitetis
misaloci depeSa. diliTve waikiTxes ruseTis sinodis ober-prokuroris
kartaSevis misaloci depeSa, romelSic agreTve naTqvami iyo: `ZaliT
saswavleblebis CamorTmeva da qonebis ganawileba ar moxerxdeba, davelodoT
petrogradSi sagangebo komisias am komisiaSi Seva Tqveni sami warmomadgneli,
isini miiReben gadawyvetilebas, romelsac acnobeben Tbiliss~. krebaze
gamosulma oratorebma gailaSqres kartaSevis winaaRmdeg. Semdeg waikiTxes
afxazeTidan anCabaZis mier gamogzavnili depeSa: `amieridan moxdeba qarTvelafxazTa Zmobis aRdgena da maTi SeerTeba, aseve azri gaatara Tavis sityvaSi
samurzayanos delegatma Cxotuam~217.
e) 10 seqtembris sxdomaze waikiTxes wina sxdomebis oqmebi, mosaloci depeSebi,
ganixiles ruseTis droebiT mTavrobasTan gasagzavni depeSis teqsti,
gamoarkvies saeWvo mandatebi.
v) 10 seqtembris saRamos sxdomaze airCies komisia, romelsac gasarCevad miandes
saqarTvelos eklesiis organizaciis proeqti. agreTve airCies saskolo komisia,
romelsac daavales sasuliero skolebis mowyoba218.
z) 11 seqtemberis sxdoma mieZRvna saqarTvelos eklesiis organizaciis proeqtis
ganxilvas. momxsenebeli dekanozi korneli kekeliZe. proeqtis mixedviT

saqarTveloSi 13 eparqia unda gaxsniliyo. eparqiaTa simcire (episkoposTa

simravle) daaxloebs episkoposs xalxTan da ufro didi iqneba misi gavlena,
magram erTi kaTalikosisa da erTi mitropolitis Senaxva eklesias ujdeba
83.000 maneTi. am rTulma sakiTxma gamoiwvia xangrZlivi muSaoba 11 seqtembridan
16 seqtembramde. bolos krebam daadgina: 13 eparqiidan Svidi axlave gaixsnas,
danarCeni ki TandaTan219. eparqiaTa mosawyobad moTxovnil iqna 1 milioni
maneTi, romelic unda gamoeyo droebiT mTavrobas dapirebisamebr.
T) 12 seqtembers samurzayanoelma Cxotuam moiTxova samurzayanos saepiskoposo
kaTedris dauyovnebeli daarseba. sakiTxi gadaeca komisias gansaxilvelad.
daiwyo samzadisi kaTalikosos asarCevad krebis Semadgenlobis gasarkvevad.
erTi azriT krebaze unda yofiliyvnen mxolod samRvdeloni, monazonTa da
eriskacTa warmomadgenlebi, sxva aziT, agreTve kulturul-saganmanaTleblo
sazogadoebaTa
warmomadgenlebic.
iyo
msjeloba
imis
DSesaxebac
Tu
kaTalikosis arCevnebi ra saxisa yofiliyo: kurialuri Tu demokratiuli.
i) 13 seqtembris sxdomaze gaimarTa kamaTi imis Sesaxeb, iyo Tu ara saWiro
sakaTalikoso sabWos wevrebisaTvis umaRlesi ganaTleba. krebam daadgina, rom
es saswavlo cenzi saWiro ar iyo. daisva kiTxva Tu vis unda daemtkicebina
arCeuli
mRvdelmTavari.
krebam
daadgina,
rom
xalxis
mier
arCeul
mRvdelmTavars daamtkicebda xalxi.
komisias daevala moesmina umravlesobisa da umciresobis rezoluciebi da
maTgan erT-erTi amoerCia.
k) 14 seqtembres ganixiles 21 guruli delegatis Txovna guriaSi eparqiis
gaxsnis Sesaxeb, romlis mRvdelmTavari baTumSi icxovrebda. es sakiTxi
gadaeca komisias. krebam moismina n.durnovos milocva, romelic gamoTqvamda
sixaruls saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis gamo. qarTvelebs
politikurad gaTavisuflebasac usurvebda 1783 wlis traqtatis ZaliT.
waikiTxes kartaSevis depeSa peterburgis momrigebel komisiaSi sami delegatis
gagzavnis Sesaxeb.
am sxodmaze daadgines, rom sakaTalikoso sabWo 15 wevrisagan unda yofiliyo
DSedgenili, maT ricxvSi iqneboda kaTalikosi, ori episkoposi da 12 amorCeuli
piri - maTgan 4 xelfasiT da 8 uxelfasoT. cxare kamaTi gamoiwvia sakiTxma
imis Sesaxeb, kaTalikosebi da episkoposebi colianebi yofiliyvnen Tu
ucoloni. es sakiTxic komisias gadaeca.
l) 15 seqtembers moismines saskolo komisiis moxseneba, romlis mixedviTac
qalTa da vaJTa sasuliero saswavleblebi da seminariebi unda gadakeTebuliyo
sruluflebian gimnaziebad saRvTo sjulis savaldebulo swavlebiT. unda
momxdariyo am saswavleblebis nacionalizacia, Sevidoda saswavlo komitetis
daqvemdebarebis qveS.
15 seqtembris sxdomaze dekanozma k.kekeliZem waikiTxa moxseneba, romelSic
saWirod cno Semdegi:
1. Semokldes RvTismsaxurebis wesi;
2. saeklesio wignebi daibeWdos mxedruli anbaniT;
3. mieceT samRvdelo pirebs neba eklesiis gareT ataron saero tanisamosi;
4. gaikriWon Tma da wverebi.
k.kekeliZis am mosazrebas kreba daTanxmda~220, magram gvaqvs sxva cnobac (k.p.
kalistrate `mware mogonebebi~), romlis mixedviTac Semdgomi arc erTi kreba
(igulisxmeba II da III krebebi) ar daTanxmda aRniSnul winadadebas.

m) `16 seqtembris sxdomaze kreba Seexo samRvdeloebis materialur mxares da

daadgina: rogorc jamagiridan, ise Semosavlidan mRvdels mieces sami wili,
medaviTnes ori wili~221.
n) 17 seqtembers krebam amoirCia kaTalikos-patriarqi. dasaxelda ori
kandidati: episkoposi kirioni, romelic krebis dReebSi Camovida saqarTveloSi,
krebis gaxsnas 8 seqtembers ar daswrebia ruseTSi yofnis gamo da
mitropoliti leonide, romelic krebis sulisCamdgmeli da `TviTgamorkvevis
didi aqtis~ mesveuri iyo.
arCevnebi moxda faruli xmis micemiT. arCevnebSi monawileoba miiRo 448-ma
delegatma. 12 xmiT meti miiRo kirionma, amitomac krebam is gamoacxada arCeul
kaTalikosad da ugaloba mas `aqsios~.
o) `17 seqtembers saRamos amoirCies episkoposebi: quTaisis samitropolito
kaTedraze anton giorgaZe, Wyondidis samitropolito kaTedraze - ambrosi
xelaia, urbnisis samitropolito kaTedraze - episkoposi daviT kaWaxiZe da
alaverdis
saepiskoposo
kaTedraze
episkoposi
pirosi
oqropiriZe.
mRvdelmTavari giorgi aladaSvilma, romelic droebiTma mTavrobam imereTis
eparqiidan gadaayena, krebas msjeloba ar hqonia~222.
saqarTvelos sapatriarqo taxtze asvlis Tanave 1917 wlis 19 seqtembers
uwmidesma da unetaresma kaTalikos-patriarqma kirion II-m gujariT mimarTa
saqarTvelos eklesiis samwysos, epistoleebiT mimarTa aRmosavleTis patriarqs
(igulisxmeba berZnuli da sxva marTlmadidebluri eklesiebi), romis paps da
somexTa kaTalikos-patriarqs.
saqarTvelos eklesiis krebis gadawyvetilebam saeklesio saswavlebelTa
nacionalizaciis Sesaxeb, Zalze gaaRiziana sasuliero seminariis reqtoris
movaleobis Semsrulebeli muraxovski da rusTa erovnuli sabWo. Tavis mxriv,
ruseTis wmida sinodma Tavis 1917 wlis 15 noembris brZanebulebiT Tbilisis
sasuliero seminarias misca statusi da uwoda `marTlmadidebluri rusuli
sasuliero seminaria kavkasiaSi~. e.i. mouspo saxsrebi qarTul saswavleblebs.
male ruseTis saxelmwifos gamoeyo saqarTvelo da Tavisi saxelmwifoebrivi
damoukidebloba aRadgina.
I-ma krebam SeimuSava sakaTalikosos dabal da saSualo saswavlebelTa
mowyobis debuleba, Sua saukuneTa 80-mde saepiskoposodan aRadgina 9
(mogvianebiT maTma ricxvma 13-s miaRia, Semdeg 15-s). saqarTvelos kaTalikospatriarqi eklesias - umaRlesi saeklesio organos - sakaTalikoso sabWos
meSveobiT marTavda. es organo weliwadSi erTxel iqneboda mowveuli.
sakaTalikoso moicavda 8 eparqialur sabWosa da 8 eparqialur sasamarTlos.
sakaTalikoso sistematur daxmarebas uwevda 9 wamyvan sakaTedro taZars da
masTan arsebul or-or eklesias223.
I-ma krebam sagangeboi gadawyvetileba miiRo iurisdiqciis sazRvrebis Sesaxeb.
anton II am sazRvrebs ase gadmogvcemda: `adridanve Sewiruli samwysod
sruliad saqarTvelo sazRvriTi sazRvramde~224. krebam eklesiis iurisdiqciis
sazRvrebis gamocxadebiT xeli Seuwyo im droisaTvis jer kidev ar arsebuli
damoukidebeli saqarTvelos saxelmwifos sazRvrebis gamokveTas.

wmida kirion kaTalikosis mkvlelobis

erTi versia
kirionis gardacvalebis (26.VIII.1918) Semdeg TbilisSi da saqarTveloSi
gavrcelda sxvadasxva urTierTgamomricxavi xmebi, erT-erTi Semogvinaxa
s.kakabaZem. igi wers - `carizmma me-19 saukuneSi Tavisi politikiT miiRo
yovelgvari zomebi, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis aRdgena burJuaziuli
wyobilebis pirobebSic SeuZlebeli gaexada. qarTveli samRvdeloeba mxolod
gamorCenas eZebda da amitomac mas araviTari moraluri wona xalxis farTo
masebSi ar hqonda. amas Tan daerTo samRvdeloebis maRal wreebSi dabudebuli
erTmaneTis gautanloba da sisxliani SurisZieba. mitropolit leonides
momxrem 1918 wlis 27 ivniss mokla kaTalikosi kirioni. amis Semdeg mokles
kidev ori mRvdeli. amgvarad, eklesiis sakiTxSi fexi moikida terorma. aseT
pirobebSi kaTalikosad axali arCevnebis dauniSnavad gaxda leonide~225.
s.kakabaZe imeorebs imdroindel sazogadoebaSi gavrcelebul erT-erT versias,
TiTqosda kirioni mokla leonides momxrem. ram Seuwyo xeli aseTi xmebis
gavrcelebas? unda vifiqroT, rom aseT xmebs sagangebod avrcelebda socialdemokratiuli partia, romelic dafarulad mudam ibrZoda saqarTvelos
eklesiis avtokefaliis winaaRmdeg, maT Soris, yovelgvari ukadrisi xerxebiT.
`eklesiis sakiTSi fexi terorma moikida~ ara 1918 wlidan kirionis sikvdilis
Semdeg, aramed mecxramete saukunis bolodanve. ruseTis imperiaSi eklesiis
xelSi didi Zalaufleba iyrida Tavs, mis xelSi ganaTlebis TiTqmis mTliani
sistema iyo moqceuli, amitomac sasuliero saswavleblebSi Sediodnen da
zogjer samRvdlo xarisxsac iRebdnen sasuliero wodebisaTvis Seuferebeli
axalgazrdebi, sakmarisia iTqvas, rom saqarTvelodan gasuli bolSevik-socialdemokratebis gavlenian nawils sasuliero seminaria hqonda damTavrebuli anda
Sexeba hqonda sasuliero saswavleblebTan. aseve menSevikebsac. zogjer isic ki
xdeboda, rom erTdroulad romelime axalgazrda oficialurad sasuliero
wodebaSi iricxeboda, araoficialurad socialistur partias ganekuTvneboda.
social-demokratebs udidesi gavlena hqonda mopovebuli sazogadoebaSi, ufro
metic, maTi teroriT sastikad iyo daSinebuli ara marto mosaxleoba, aramed
maTi partiis wevrebic, romelTac evalebodaT usityvod aResrulebinaT
partiis centris neba-survili. social-demokratiuli partiis neba ki mkacrad
iyo mimarTuli yovelive qarTulis winaaRmdeg, gansakuTrebiT ki saqarTelos
avtonomiis winaaRmdeg. ara Tu bolSevikebi, aramed qarTveli menSevikebic ki
uaryofdnen lozungs ruseTis imperiis farglebSi saqarTvelos avtonomiuri
mmarTelobisa226.
qarTvel menSevikebs, romlis mebairaRed yovelTvis noe Jordania iyo, ar
swamda
qarTuli
saxelmwifoebriobis
aRdgenis
SesaZlebloba.
qarTul
menSevizms axasiaTebda zizRi yvelaferi qarTulisadmi es zizRi midioda
iqamdis, rom menSevikuri presis terminologiidan savsebiT gamodevnili iyo
sityvebi `saqarTvelo~ da `qarTveli~ da es savsebiT paTologiuri movlena
axasiaTebda qarTul menSevizms ruseTis imperiis arsebobis mTel sigrZeze
vidre 1917 wlis Tebervlis revoluciamdis da erTxans mis Semdegac226.
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
avtokefalia
social-demokratebs
saqarTvelos
avtonomiis programis erT-erT nawilad miaCndaT, amitomac ibrZodnen mis
winaaRmdeg, ZiriTadad faruli xerxebiT, aseve ukve 1905-7 wlebisaTvis
avtokefaliis ideis winaaRmdeg aamxedres qarTveli axalgazrda sasuliero

pirebis erTi nawilic ki. eweodnen avtokefaluri moZraobis diskreditacias,

eZebdnen misi mospobis veragul gzebs. erT-erT aseT xerxad unda miviCnioT
saqarTvelos egzarqos nikon sofiiskis mkvleloba - 1908 wlis 26 maiss. aqamde
aTi dRiT adre `Jardarmeriis anonimi agenti jer kidev 1908 wlis 16 aprils
acnobebda Tbilisis guberniis Jandarmeriis sammarTvelos, rom egzarqosis
mokvlas apirebda `diakonTa da mefsalmuneTa Tbilisis komiteti~, romelic
Tbilisis social-demokratiuli komitetis xelmZRvanelobiT moqmedebda.
social-demokratebma kargad icodnen, rom nikonis mokvlas avtokefalistTa
devna mohyveboda, rac uSualod Sedioda qarTvel social-demokratTa gegmebSi.
qarTvel avtokefalistTa moZraoba, rogorc yvelaze wminda nakadi erovnulganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobisa, sulier sazrdos aZlevda, moralurad
amxnevebda im Zalebs, romlebic saqarTvelos ruseTidan gamoyofisaTvis
ibrZodnen. amas ki qarTuli social-demokratebi ver dauSvebdnen. cnobilia, ra
didi rixiTa da SemarTebiT ebrZodnen isini saqarTvelos avtonomiis ideasac
ki ruseTis pirveli revoluciis wlebSi da Semdgom xanebSi~ - wers
istorikosi nikonis mkvlelobis masalebis Seswavlis Semdeg227.
v.guruli askvnis - `amgvarad, egzarqos nikonis mkvlelobis erTaderTi SesaZlo
organizatorebi SeiZleboda yofiliyvnen qarTveli social-demokratebi~227.
maT mier es `mzakvruli gza iqna arCeuli avtokefalistTa moZraobis darbevaganadgurebisaTvis~227. amave dros `social-demokratebi, romelTac politikuri
mkvlelobisa da kvalis dafarvis didi gamocdileba hqondaT, axlac dinjad da
gabedulad modiodnen dasaxuli miznisaken~ maTi presa mxolod iseT masalas
aqveynebda, romelic mianiSnebda egzarqos nikonis mkvlelobaSi qarTvel
avtokefalistebis monawileobaze227, amasTanave peterburgSic saimperio da
saeklesio xelisufleba dainteresebuli yofila mkvleloba dabraleboda
qarTvel
avtokefalistebs228.
social-demokratebisa
da
imperiuli
xelisuflebis miznebi Tanxvedrili iyo saqarTvelos damoukideblobis
sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. es ori Zala erTi mizniT moqmedebda.
aqve sainteresoa warmoCena im atmosferosi, romelic ekelesiaSi sufevda XX s.
dasawyisSi. magaliTad nikonis mkvlelobaSi eWvmitanili mRvdeli (giorgi
parkaZe) - `revoluciuri moZraobis winamZRolad~ iTvleboda229. meore
eWvmitanilic - diakoni, aseve revolucioneri iyo. 1908 wlis 12 aprils mokles
erT-erTi mRvdelmonazoni gavrila, mis mokvlas abralebdnen `diakonTa da
mefsalmuneTa Tbilisis komitets~, romelic imyofeboda Tbilisis socialdemokratiuli komitetis ganmgeblobaSi~230. am komitetSi Sediodnen sxvadasxva
eklesiebis diakvnebi da medaviTneebi, romelTa komitets hyavda Tavisi
teroristi - kacismkvlelebi! komiteti aterorebda samRvdeloebas. magaliTad,
anCisxatis mRvdels karbelaSvils jer SeuTvales, Semdeg ki orjer mokvla
daupires, romelsac SemTxveviT gadarCa, imave wels (1907 w.) mokvla daupires
wmida marines eklesiis mRvdels, romelic aRar gamocxadda eklesiaSi, mis
nacvlad misuli mRvdeli gavrili ki mokles. maT gegmaSi Sedioda egzarqos
nikonis mokvla. 1908 wlis 28 maiss, mkvlelobis win nikons ezoSi laparakis
dros akavebda (elaparakeboda) mRvdeli obrazcovi, romelic iyo `aTeisti da
revoluciuri ganwyobilebisa~231. social-demokratebs uTanagrZnobdnen da maT
saqmes akeTebdnen ara mxolod samRvdeloebis, diakvnebis, medaviTnebis erTi
nawili, aramed morCilebic232. maTi saqme ki iyo brZola `yovelive qarTulis

winaaRmdeg~, maT Soris saqarTvelos eklesiis Tavisuflebis winaaRmdegac. maT

fonze udides moRvaweebad Cndebian qarTuli avtokefalistebi, romelTac
ebrZoda saxelmwifo da araerovnuli partiebi, am ukanasknelTa presa
mosaxleobas nihilisturad ganawyobda, amave dros ki avtokefalistebs
aSinebda teroristTa bandebi.
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis saqmis winaaRmdeg bolomde
ibrZodnen social-demokratebi da sxvebi. avtokefaliis aRdgenam isini
gaanawyena, mis meTaurTa winaaRmdeg mimarTavdnen maTTvis Cveul ciliswamebasa
da terors. magaliTad, 1917 wlis Tebervlis revoluciis Semdeg ruseTis
droebiTma mTavrobam cno qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia. saqarTvelos
eklesias unda gadacemoda yofili saegzarqosos qoneba, eklesiebi, monastrebi
da sxva, qarTuli mxaris moTxovnis Tanaxmad, magram zogierT eklesiasa da
monasterTa umravlesobaSi mokalaTebuli rusi samRvdeloeba da ber-monazvnebi
sastik winaaRmdegobas uwevdnen am saqmes, saqarTvelos eklesias ar anebebdnen
Tavis yofil qonebas da epatronebodnen mas. qarTvelebi daxmarebisaTvis
amierkavkasiis mTavrobas mimarTavdnen, sadac ukve social-demokratebs
mniSvnelovani Tanamdebobebi eWiraT. isini ki qarTuli eklesiis saqmes
abrkolebdnen. `iyo aseTi SemTxvevac: wmida ninos bodbis monastris iRumenia
ninom (vaCnaZe) moaxsena sakaTalikoso sabWos, rom TfilisSi arsebul
aRniSnuli monastris metoqis yofili iRumenia anastasia (rusi) ar anebebs mas,
xolo Senobis dasacvelad dauyenebia rusis Savrazmelebi
`dubinebiT~. am
saqmis mosagvareblad kaTalikosis brZanebiT `zakavkazski komisariatSi~
warigzavna delegacia, romelic miiRo erTma didma moxele qarTvelma socialdemokratma. man usiamovnod mousmina delegacias da uari ganucxada
daxmarebaze. delegaciis pasuxze, rom sakaTalikozo sabWo iZulebuli gaxdeba
sxva zomebs mimarToso, `sanovnikma~ SeuWyivla `ia vas arestuiu!~233.
sabednierod, qarTuli eklesiis mimarT kargad iyo ganwyobili erovnuldemokratiuli partia, romelTa razmebi exmarebiodnen axladaRdgenil
avtokefalur eklesias ganexorcielebina Tavisi uflebani taZrebsa, sxva
Senobebsa da sazogadod qonebaze234.
arc imis Semdgom SeucvliaT social-demokratebs TavianTi Sexeduleba
qarTuli eklesiis mimarT, rac rusis jarma amierkavkasia datova, saqarTvelo
ucxoeTis moTxovniT damoukidebel saxelmwifod gamocxadda, xolo mis
saTaveSi maTTvis moulodnelad social-demokratebi (menSevikebi) aRmoCndnen.
maleve, 1918 wlis ivlisSi kirionic ucnaurad, tragikulad gardaicvala.
saeklesio krebebi 1918-1995 wlebSi
(23 kreba)
1) 1918 wlis 28 maiss Sedga sakaTalikoso sabWos kreba, romelic gaimarTa
saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobis aRdgenis aRsaniSnavad (ori dRiT adre 1918
wlis 26 maiss gamocxadda damoukidebloba). krebam daadgina Sesabamisi sazeimo
RonisZiebebiT aReniSna es didmniSvnelovani faqti, romlisTvisac eklesia 117
weli iRwoda 1801 wlidan, ruseTis mier saqarTvelos aneqsiis pirveli
dRidanve. saeklesio ierarqiam gaiTvaliswina, rom saukunovani monobis uRlis
qveS myofi xalxis mniSvnelovan nawils dakarguli hqonda erovnul-

saxelmwifoebrivi cnobiereba, mis aRsadgenad saWirod iqna miCneuli eklesiis

saxeliT gamocemuliyo `damoukidebeli saqarTvelos saxelmwifos mimarT
morwmune moqalaqeTa ficis furceli~, igi aseTia: `me, amis qvemore moxsenebuli
aRvTqvam da vficav winaSe RvTisa da misisa wmidisa saxarebisa, rom msurs da
valdebuli var saqarTvelos demokratiul respublikas erTgulad da
gulwrfelad vemsaxuro, morCil viqmne da ara daviSuro sicocxle Cemi
sisxlis ukanasknel wveTamde misis keTildReobisa da bednierebisaTvis,
davicva am respublikis yoveli ufleba da upiratesoba, aw ukve dakanonebuli
da amis Semdeg kanonad dadgenili, Cemis SeZlebisa da qonebisamebr xeli
warvumarTo yovelsave, rac ki respublikas sargeblobas moutans, xolo
yovelive ziani da vneba, romelic Cemda uwyebis iqneba, araTu drozed
ganvacxado, aramed yovelis RonisZiebiTa CemiTa avarido, yoveli Cemda
rwmunebuliTa da arca raime sargeblobis sixarbiTa ara vimoqmedo ra
respublikis winaaRmdeg, maxsovs ra, rom ama ficisa darRvevisaTvis pasuxi
unda vago winaSe kanonisa da RvTisa mis saSinelsa samsjavrosa Sina,
dasarwmuneblad ama Cemis ficisa vemTxvevi sityvasa da jvars macxovrisa
Cemisasa, amin~235.
2) 1918 wlis 28 noembers Sedga sakaTalikoso sabWos sxdoma, romelmac axal
patriarqad gamoirCia Tbileli mitropoliti leonide (krebis sityviT:
`gamorCeuli I saeklesio krebis mierve 1917 wlis seqtemberSi). krebas
eswrebodnen Wyondideli mitropoliti ambrosi, quTaTeli mitropoliti
nazari, alaverdeli episkoposi pirosi, sasuliero da saero pirebi, maT Soris
k.kekeliZe, k.cincaZe (SemdgomSi kaTolikos patriarqi kalistrate), pavle
ingoroyva da sxvani. krebam ganaCina: `a) dauyovnebliv arCeul iqnes kaTolikospatriarqi, amas moiTxovs saeklesio interesebi da saqarTvelos dRevandeli
politikuri viTareba, misi saeraTaSoriso mdgomareoba; b) uaryofil iqnes
azri kaTalikozis asarCevad saqarTvelos saeklesio krebis mowvevisa; g)
sakaTalikozo sabWos kanonierad miaCnia mitropolit leonides arCeva
kaTalikozad.~
sakaTalikozo sabWos aRniSnuli ganCinebis kanoniereba daadastures eparqiaTa
sabWoebma werilobiTi saxiT. mitropoliti leonide saqarTvelos kaTalikospatriarqad akurTxes 1919 wlis 23 Tebervals sveticxovelSi. iqamde, 1918 wlis
26 noembris kanoniT menSevikurma mTavrobam gaauqma skolebSi saRvTo sjulis
swavleba, sasuliero saswavlebelTa qoneba gadasca ganaTlebis saministros.
mTavrobam sagangebo dekretiT eklesia-monastrebs CamoarTva miwebi, venaxi,
saTibebi, tyeebi da wisqvilebi236.
3) 1920 wlis 27 ivniss muSaobas Seudga e.w. `saqarTvelos II saeklesio kreba~.
krebam ganixila saxelmwifosagan eklesiis gamoyofis, sasuliero swavlebaTa
saministrosadmi gadacemis, eklesiis biujetis, samRvdeloebis sayofacxovrebo
da mcxeTa-Tbilisis eparqiebis gaerTianebis sakiTxebi da kaTalikos-patriarqad
mitropolit (tfilel) leonidis (oqropiriZe) damtkicdeba. 27 ivniss sionSi
wires mitropolitma leonidem, quTaTelma mitropolitma nazarim, cxumelma
mitropolitma ambrosim, wirvis Semdeg kreba gaxsnilad gamoacxades.
`1918 wels social-demokratiulma mTavrobam gaauqma sasuliero saswavleblebi,
riTac
eklesias
mouspo
saSualeba
sasuliero
kadrebi
moemzadebina.

parlamentis 1918 wlis 26 noembris gadawyvetilebiT saswavleblebSi aikrZala

saRvTo rjulis swavleba. 1918 wlis 3 dekembris mTavrobis gankargulebiT
eklesias CamoerTva samoqalaqo registraciis ufleba. eklesiis winaaRmdeg iyo
mimarTuli damfuZnebeli krebis mier 1919 wlis 17 ivliss zogierTi saeklesio
uqme dRis gauqmeba.
agraruli sakiTxis gadawyvetis dros social-demokratiulma mTavrobam
eklesias araTu daubruna is saeklesio miwebi da qoneba, romelic man
avtokefaliis gauqmebis dros dakarga, aramed saxelmwifos mflobelobaSi
gadavida is mcire saeklesio miwebic, romelic mas egzarqosobis dros hqonda.
eklesia saxelmwifosagan mcire subsidiebs da naturalur ulufas iRebda,
magram 1920 wlis mTavrobis gankargulebiT 21 maisis dekretiT saeklesio
qoneba saxelmwifo sakuTrebad gamocxadda. Seqmnil komisias daevala maTi
muzeumebSi Tavmoyra.
1920 wlis 27 ivniss gamarTulma saeklesio krebam imsjela mTavrobis mier
eklesiis mimarT gamotanili gadawyvetilebis Sesaxeb da aRniSna, rom didad
ilaxeboda eklesiisa da morwmune eris interesebi. saeklesio krebis
gadawyvetilebebi mTavrobas ecnoba. sakaTalikoso sabWo winaaRmdegi ar iyo
eklesiis saxelmwifosagan gamoyofisa. eklesia ukmayofilebas gamoTqvamda imis
gamo, rom aRniSnuli sakiTxis gadawyvetas demokratiuli mTavroba aTeisturi
propagandis fonze axdenda.
sionSi dawyebuli kreba meore dRes gadatanili iqna seminariis SenobaSi
Semdeg qaSueTis taZarSi. kreba miesalma `saqarTvelos saxelovan jarsa da
gvardias~. sxva sakiTxebTan erTad, krebas gadasaWrelad miaCnda eklesiis
saxelmwifosagan gamoyofis sakiTxi, aseve Wyondidelis arCevnebi, guriis
eparqiisa
da
bodbis
samitropolitos
daarseba.
delegatTa
xarjebis
dasafaravad mimarTes mTavrobas. krebam sakaTalikoso sabWos uwoda `mudmivi
kreba~, kaTalikos-parqiarqad daamtkica leonide237.
male, 1920 wlis oqtomber-noemberSi mTavrobam Camoayaliba saxelmwifosagan
eklesiis CamoSorebis proeqti, romlis safuZvelze eklesia ganTavisuflda
saxelmwifo
funqciebisagan,
gardacvalebis,
qorwinebisa
da
dabadebis
registraciis movaleobisagan, eklesia materialurad damoukidebeli xdeboda
saxelmwifosagan, xolo saxelmwifo ar Caereoda Sidasaeklesio saqmeebSi.
kanon-proeqti 24 muxlisagan Sedgeboda. mTavrobam am kanonproeqtiT erovnuli
eklesia uflebrivad gauTanabra sxva religiur aRmsareblebs. proeqtma
aRaSfoTa samRvdeloeba, sistematurad ewyoboda eparqiuli krebebi, sadac
samRvdeloeba msjelobda eklesiaSi Seqmnil mZime mdgomareobaze. leonidem
oficialuri weriliT mimarTa n. Jordanias. proeqtis merve muxliT `eklesiis
sakuTrebad gamocxadda uZrav-moZravi qoneba garda miwisa~, amitomac leonide
werda - `monastrebsa da eklesiebSi xalxi cxovrobs da riT iarsebon maT, Tu
miwa ar eqnebodaT?~. am droisaTvis (1918 wlis 26 agvistos monacemebiT)
saqarTvelos sakaTalikosoSi iricxeboda 1425 samrevlo, aqedan 914 quTaisis
guberniaSi, 453 Tbilisi guberniaSi, 56 soxumis olqSi, 2 ganjis guberniaSi,
sul msaxurobda 1520 mRvdeli, 21 diakvani da 1501 medaviTne238.
miuxedavad imisa, rom menSevikuri (socialisturi) mTavroba gulgrilad
eqceoda
erovnul
eklesias
unda
vaRiaroT,
rom
qarTuli
eklesiis
avtokefaliis
safuZvels
warmoadgenda
saqarTvelos
saxelmwifoebrivi
damoukidebloba da zogierTi dadgenileba xelisuflebisa. magaliTad,

saqarTvelos teritoriaze rusuli saegzarqosos naSTebis aRmofxvrisaTvis

udidesi mniSvneloba hqonda mTavrobis 1920 wlis 21 Tebervlis kanons
`kavkasiis sinodaluri kantoris gauqmebis Sesaxeb~, romelic eyrdnoboda im
faqts, rom `sinodalur kantoraSi muSaobdnen saxelmwifosaTvis ara sando
elementebi, romlebic saqarTvelos sxvadasxva erovnebis mkvidr mosaxleobas
erTmaneTs upirispirebdnen~239, 1920 wlis Tebervlidan saqarTveloSi Sewyda
rusuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis iurisdiqcia. q.pavliaSvilis azriT
saqarTvelos eklesiis iurisdiqciis aRdgena saxelwmifos mTel teritoriaze
moxda mas Semdeg, rac 1920 wlis 17 agvistos mTavrobis sxdomaze mosmenil iqna
iusticiis ministris moxseneba saqarTvelos farglebSi arsebuli rusuli,
berZnuli da osuri samRvdeloebis daqvemdebarebis Sesaxeb. daevala Sss
ministrs
saeklesio
kanonmdeblobiT
zemoxsenebuli
samrevloebi
240
daeqvemdebarebina saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis #7g muxlis ZaliT .
rogorc aRiniSna, 1920 wlis 27 ivniss - 8 ivliss saqarTvelos eklesiis e.w.
meore (avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg) saeklesio krebam, romelmac 1917 wlis
saeklesio krebis muSaoba gaagrZela eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis sakiTxTa
gadasaWrelad. gamosca debuleba: `saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeoba~. II
krebam erTsulovnad sapatriarqo taxtze airCia (daamtkica) leonide, romelsac
es taxti eWira kirionis gardacvalebis Semdeg.
`saqarTvelos
eklesiis
marTva-gamgeoba~,
romelsac
agreTve
ewodeba
`debulebani miRebuli sruliad saqarTvelos 1920 wlis saeklesio krebis mier~
moicavs Semdeg Tavebs: 1) saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeoba; 2) mTavari
gamgeoba; 3) saeparqio marTva-gamgeoba; 4) saolqo mmarTveloba; 5) samrevlo; 6)
saeklesio samarTali. Tan axlavs 1) debuleba saqarTvelos eklesiis
qorwinebisaTvis damtkicebuli sruliad saqarTvelos saeklesio krebis 1920
wlis
ivlisis
#3
ganCinebiT;
2)
debuleba
saqarTvelos
eklesiisa
ganqorwinebisaTvis (damtkicebuli imave ganCinebiT); 3) debuleba saZmo
SemosavlisaTvis da 4) debuleba jildoebis Sesaxeb (orive debuleba eyrdnoba
1917 wlis seqtembris #16 da #15 ganCineba-dadgenilebas); 5) instruqcia
krebulisaTvis, sadac ori an meti mRvdelia.
eklesiaSi krebam daakanona Semdegi eparqiebi: 1. mcxeTisa da tfilisisa, 2)
alaverdisa, 3) bodbisa; 4) urbnisisa; 5) awyurisa; 6) quTaisisa; 7) genaTisa; 8)
nikorwmidisa; 9) cagerisa; 10 Wyondidisa; 11) baTom-Semoqmedisa; 12) cxumafxazeTisa.
mcxeTa-Tbilisis mwyemsmTavrad ganisazRvra sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikospatriarqi, romlis tituls amis gamo daemata `mTavarepiskoposi mcxeTisa da
tfilisisa~.
aRsaniSnavia, rom qarTulma eklesiam Tavis iurisdiqciaSi Seiyvana agreTve
ucxoeTSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebi (da saqarTvelos eklesiis wevrebi), `iseT
qveynebSi, sadac marTlmadidebeli episkoposi ar aris~ (aRsaniSnavia, rom sxva
marTlmadidebeli eklesiebic Tavis mrevlad miiCneven ucxoeTSi gasul
Tanamemamuleebs.
magaliTad,
rumineTis
eklesia
Tavis
iurisdiqcias
axorcielebs im marTlmadidebel ruminelebze romelnic avstaliaSi, axal
zelandiaSi,
amerikaSi
(aSS,
kanada),
inglisSi,
SveciaSi,
safrangeTSi,
germaniaSi, avstriasa da ungreTSi cxovroben241. aseve rusuli eklesiac Tavis
mrevlad miiCnevs ucoeTSi mcxovreb rusebs. qarTvelebma es wesi ver SeiTvises.
magaliTad, am debulebis gamocemis (1920 w.) Semdeg male, 1921 wels,

saqarTvelodan safrangeTSi Casulma qarTulma emigraciam parizSi gaxsna

qarTuli
eklesia,
magram
igi
Seiyvana
ara
saqarTvelos
patriarqis
iurisdiqciaSi,
rasac
aRniSnuli
debuleba
moiTxovda,
aramed
konstantinopolis sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi, es miuTiTebs qarTvelTa
eklesiuri indiferentizmis, nakleb patriotizmis da saeklesio wesTa
ucodinarobis Sesaxeb).
saqarTvelos patriarqis iurisdiqciaSi Sevida saqarTvelos mxedroba anu
armiis morwmune jariskacebi da oficrebi.
aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos yofili samefos is miwa-wyali, romelic
SemdegSi ar Sevida saqarTvelos respublikaSi, eklesiis aRniSnulma krebam
Seiyvana saqarTvelos sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi. kerZod, sxvadasxva eparqiaTa
Soris ganawilda tao-klarjeTi. samxreT saqarTvelo ganja-yazaxis CaTvliT,
saingilo, dasavleTi daRestani da Crdilo kavkasia.
kerZod, alaverdis eparqiaSi Sevida `didoeT-durZukeTi miwerili Tergisa da
daRestnis mxareze~, bodbis eparqiaSi - olqi zaqaTalisa, samuxisa, nuxisa,
areSisa, ganjisa da yazaxisa~ (esaa dasavleT azerbaijani); urbnisis epariaSi
Sevida `dvaleTi, miwerili Tergis mxareze~; awyuris eparqiaSi - `eruSeTis,
dadaSenis, wyarosTavis, anisis, karisa da alaSkertis~ yofili saepiskoposoebi,
romelnic Sediodnen artaanis, yarsis, yaRzevanis olqebSi, agreTve gumbaris
mazra (es teritoriebi Semdgom wlebSi Turqebma da somxeTma erTmaneTSi
gainawiles), agreTve basiani. baTom-Semoqmedis eparqiaSi Sevida arTvinis da
olTisis olqi, TorTomi, kiskimi ispiri, rize, aTina da xofa.
krebam gansazRvra mitropolitis pativis upiratesoba episkoposTan SedarebiT.
episkoposTa pativdeba qirotoniis mixedviT.
eklesiis gamgeblad anu mmarTvelad gamocxadda saeklesio kreba. kreba iyo
perioduli da mudmivi. mudmivi kreba anu sakaTalikoso sabWo Sedgeboda yvela
mmarTveli mRvdelmTavrisagan saeklesio krebis mier arCeuli eqvsi sxva
wevrisagan sami wlis vadiT.
rogorc debulebis 50-62 paragrafebidan Cans, sakaTalikozo sabWos amave dros
eqvemdebareboda saeklesio samarTali. saqarTvelos II saeklesio krebam gaauqma
saeparqio sabWoebi, SezRuda saeparqio sasamarTloebis funqciebi, amasTanave
gauqmebuli iqna sakaTalikoso sasamarTlo. sakaTalikoso sasamarTlos
funqciebi SeiTavsa sakaTalikoso sabWom.
iqamde kaTalikosis 1919 wlis 30 ianvris ganCinebiT eklesiaSi uaryofil iqna
sasuliero pirTaTvis yovelgvari jildos miniWeba (arqimandritis da
dekanozis wodeba, mitris tarebis ufleba). arqimandritis wodeba mxolod
ramdenime mTavari monastris winamZRvars miecemoda, dekanozisa sakaTedros
taZris pirvel mRvdels, xolo mitris tarebis ufleba mxolod episkoposs
eZleoda).
4). 1921 wlis 21 Tebervals Sedga saqarTvelos sakaTalikozo sabWos sagangebo
sxdoma, romelic mieZRvna saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis
dakargvis safrTxes. qveyanaSi Tebervlis dasawyisSi SemoiWra ruseTis XI armia,
romelic Tbilisisaken moiwevda. sxdomam miiRo mimarTva: a) eklesiebSi
gadaxdil iqnes paraklisebi mtrisagan saqarTvelos gaTavisuflebisaTvis; b)
eklesiebSi winamZRvrebma ganumarton xalxs dRevandeli omis mniSvneloba; g)
samrevlo
sabWoebma
gaiRon
qonebrivi
xarji
omis
saWiroebaTa
dasakmayofileblad;
d)
samrevlo-sabWoebma
miiRon
zomebi
taZrebis

gaZlierebisa da siwmideTa dasacavad; d) Sekrebil iqnes nebayoflobiT

Sewiruloba aRniSnuli saWiroebisaTvis; e) krebuli daexmaros jarSi
gawveulTa ojaxebs.
22-23 Tebervals mTavrobam miiRo dadgenileba Tbilisis datovebis Sesaxeb.
sakaTalikozo sabWom ki dadgenileba saeklesio ganZeulobis (Tbilisis,
sveticxovlis eklesia-monastris xatebi da sxva siwmideebi) quTaisSi evakuaciis
Sesaxeb. ganZis usafrTxoebaze pasuxismgebloba daekisra episkopos daviT
kaWaxiZes da arqimandrit pavle jafariZes. 24 Tebervals Tbilisi datova
uwmidesma leonidem da quTaisSi wavida. mTavrobam miiRo erTaderTi swori
gadawyvetileba muzeumebSi Tavmoyrili saeklesio ganZeuli gaetana ucxoeTSi
(saqarTveloSi darCenili siwmideebi bolSevikema oqro-vercxlis zodebad
Camoasxes, xolo maTTvis usargeblo gaanadgures).
mTavroba emigraciaSi gaemgzavra 1921 wlis 11 marts, 13 marts kaTalikospatriarqi TbilisSi dabrunda. imave wlis 11 ivniss igi gardaicvala,
firqroben, rom igi mowamles, meore azriT, igi rusis jaris mier Semotanilma
Savi Wiris epidemiam imsxverpla. igi dakrZales 17 ivniss sionSi.
5). 1921 wlis 1-5 seqtembers gelaTis RvTismSoblis taZarSi Sedga saqarTvelos
mesame saeklesio kreba. mTavari sakiTxi iyo axali kaTolikos-patriarqis
gamorCeva, agreTve arCeva sakaTalikoso sabWos wevrebisa. kaTalikosad
gamorCeul iqna 1919 wlidan cxum-afxazeTis mitropoliti ambrosi xelaia.
kaTalikosobis kandidatad krebis mier dasaxelebuli iyo agreTve quTaTelgenaTeli mitropoliti nazari, xmebis upiratesobiT arCeuli iqna ambrosi
xelaia, romelic imave wlis 14 oqtombers ayvanil iqna sakaTalikoso taxtze
sveticxovelSi.
sakaTalikoso sabWos wevrebad arCeuli iqnen: dekanozebi i.mirianaSvili, m.
tyemalaZe, k.cincaZe, saero pirTagan n.TavdgiriZe, r.ivanicki, k.kekeliZe, maTTan
erTad `debulebis~ mixedviT sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrebad iTvlebodnen
`yvela mmarTveli mRvdelmTavari~. Semdgom k.kekeliZe da r.ivanicki CamoSordnen
sakaTalikozo sabWos da maT magier miwveuli iqnen gelaTis krebisagan
arCeuli kandidatebi n.arjevaniZe da i.ratiSvili~242.
krebidan ramdenime Tvis Semdeg 1923 wlis gazafxulisaTvis gelaTis monasteri
bolSevikebma daxures. maTi xelisufleba 1921 wlis 25 Tebervals damyarda,
ruseTis jarebis mier saqarTvelos okupaciis Sedegad. mTavrobam, romelsac
axla `saqarTvelos revkomi~ ewodeboda, 1921 wlis 15 aprils gamosca
dadgenileba `saxelmwifosagan eklesiis da eklesiisagana skolis gamoyofis
Sesaxeb~. saeklesio sakuTreba gamocxadebuli iqna `saxalxo sakuTrebad~
daiwyo imJamad moqedi daaxloebiT 1450 eklesiisa da 25 monastris Zarcva da
ngreva, amas Tan daerTo 1600 sasuliero piris represiebi. saqarTvelos eklesia
kidev ufro mtkivneulad ganicdida imas, rom mterma saqarTvelos CamoaWra
istoriuli miwa-wyali lore-taSiri, saingilo, mesxeTis didi nawili, Crdilo
saqarTvelos regionebi, amasTanave saqarTvelos Sinagani danawevrebis mizniT
xelovnurad Seqmnes avtonomiuri erTeulebi Sida qarTlSi, aWarasa da
afxazeTSi. qarTveli eris swrafi asimilirebisa da qveyanaSi maTi procentuli
raodenobis Semcirebis mizniT saqarTveloSi Semoiyvanes ltolvili rusi
mosaxleoba ruseTis sxvadasxva kuTxeebidan, isini saqarTveloSi daasaxles
qarTvelTa SezRudvis xarjze. saxelmwifo dawesebulebebSi mkveTrad SeizRuda

da aikrZala qarTuli ena. cxadia, eklesiisa da misi meTaurisaTvis qveynisa da

eris gaCanageba mtanjveli iyo, amitomac kaTalikos-patriarqma ambrosi xelaiam
1922 wlis Teberval-martSi sakaTalikoso sabWos TanxmobiT memorandumi
gaugzavna
genuis
saerTaSoriso
konferencias,
romelsac
aTeulobiT
saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebi eswrebodnen. konferencia 10 aprilidan 19
maisamde muSaobda da masze evropis saxelmwifoTa garda mowveuli iyo ruseTis
mTavrobis delegacia. qarTvel bolSevikTa SefasebiT wmida ambrosis
memorandumma `didi vneba moutana~ ruseTis delegacias. memorandumis teqsti
(kaTalikos-patriarq kalistrates amonaweris mixedviT) aseTia:
`...1922 wlis TebervalSi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikozma ambrosim (qveynad
besarion xelaia) genuis konferencias mimarTa Semdegi Sinaarsis mowodebiT
`kulturul kacobriobas genuis konferenciaze warmodgenils mona RvTisa
ambrosi, sulieri mwyemsi da patriarqi sruliad saqarTveloisa qristes mier
siyvaruliT moikiTxavs.
jer kidev araqristianuli qarTul tomis modgmebma Seqmnes patara sivrciT,
magram Zlieri nebisyofiT da mdidari aqtualuri niWiT saxelmwifo, romelic
cnobilia
istoriaSi
saqarTvelos
saxeliT
da
romelic,
saukuneTa
ganmavlobaSi, erTaderTi matarebeli iyo winaaziaSi qristianuli kulturisa
da evropuli humanizmisa.
meTvramete saukunis gasuls, gareSe mterTagan brZolaSi Zalmixdili, qarTveli
eri nebisyoflobiT miekedla erTmorwmune ruseTs im imediT, rom misi
mfarvelobis qveS saqarTvelo uzrunvelyofda Tavis politikursa da erovnul
arsebobas, raica aSkarad aris aRniSnuli 1783 w. saqarTvelos mefis erekle II
da ruseTis imperatrica ekaterine II Soris dadebuls politikur traqtatSi,
magram samwuxarod gacruebul imedebis amaraT darCenili Cemi samSoblo 117
wlis ganmavlobaSi ruseTis biurokratebisagan ganicdida mxolod mwvave
despotiasa da autanel Seviwroebas. amitom 1917 w. dairRva Tu ara ruseTis
imperiis xelovnuri mTlianoba, qarTvelma erma gamoacxada damoukidebloba da
dauyovnebliv xeli mohkida Tavisi politikurisa da kulturuli cxovrebis
restavracias. miuxedavad imisa, rom am muSaobaSi mas aferxebdnen Sinauri d
gareSe mtrebi, magram gamoiCina iseTi niWi da erovnuli SemoqmedebiTi energia,
rom sami wlis Semdeg ganaTlebulma evropam scno misi saxelmwifoebrivi unari
da adgili uboZa saqarTvelos damoukidebel suverenul politikur erTeulTa
Soris. rasakvirvelia, amas ver Seurigdeboda misi batoni, mcire erTa
MmCagvreli ruseTi: man dasZra saqarTvelos sazRvrebisaken saokupacio armia
da 1921 wlis 25 Tebervals, usworo brZolaSi sisxlisagan daclil patara
saqarTvelos xelmeored daadga kiserze iseTi mZime da samarcxvino monobis
uReli, romlis msgavsi mas ar ganucdia Tavis mravalsaukunovan istoriaSi.
okupantebi, marTalia, lamoben Sin da gareT yvelani daimowmon, rom maT
gaaTavisufles da gaabednieres saqarTvelo, magram, Tu ra bednieraTa grZnobs
Tavs qarTveli eri, es yvelaze ukeT vuwyi me, misma sulierma mamam da dResdReobiT erTaderTma namdvilma moZRvarma, romlis xelSicaa am eris gulidan
gamomavali idumali Zafebi da romelsac uSualod esmis misi kvnesa da vaeba.
Tamamad da gauzviadeblad vambob, rom is yovlad Seuferebeli eqsperimentebi,
romelsac am ukanasknel wlebSi axdenen qarTveli eris zurgze, aucileblad
miiyvans mas fizikurad gadaSenebis da sulierad gaveranebis da gaxrwnis
karamde, - ers arTmeven mama-papaTa sisxliT da ZvlebiT gapoxierebul
miwawyals, romelsac ucxoeTidan SemoxiznulT urigeben: maTi wyalobiT

isedac gaRatakebul ers - piridan hglejen misi sisxliTa da ofliT moweul

sarCos da gaugebaris siCqariT imave ucxoeTSi miezidebian, ers ugmoben da
arTmeven mSobliur enas, mas uzRudaven wmidaTa wmidas, - sarwmunoebriv
grZnobas da sindisis Tavisuflebis droSis qveS nebas ar aZleven Tavisuflad
daikmayofilos religiuri moTxovnileba, misi samRvdeloeba ukiduresad
devnilia, misi eklesia - es Zvelis ZvelTave faqtori saqarTvelos erovnuli
saxelmwifoebrivi amaRlebisa da Zlierebisa - dRes ufleba ayrilia imdenad,
rom nebac ara aqvs Tavisi SromiT, garjilobiT da unariT moipovos mudmivi
saxsari arsebobisa. erTi sityviT, eri kvnesis, eri gminavs, magram saSualeba
ara aqvs xmis amoRebisa, am pirobebSi Cems mwyemsmTavrul movaleobaTa vracx
kulturuli
kacobriobis
gasagonaT
eTqva:
me,
rogorc
eklesiis
warmomadgeneli, ar Sevdivar politikuri cxovrebis sxvadasxva formebis
dafasebasa da reglamentaciaSi, magram ar SemiZlia ar visurvo Cemi erisaTvis
iseTi wyobileba, romelic SedarebiT ufro metad Seuwyobs xels mis fizikur
aRorZinebas da kulturulad ganviTarebas. amitom viTxov: 1) dauyovnebliv
gayvanil iqmnes saqarTvelos sazRvrebidan ruseTis saokupacio jari da
uzrunvelyofil iqmnes misi miwa-wyali ucxoelTa TareSobisa da mZlavrobamotacebisagan.
2)
saSualeba
mieces
qarTvel
ers
TviTon,
sxvaTa
Zaldautanebliv da ukarnaxoT, moawyos Tavisi cxovreba ise, rogorc es mas
unda, SeimuSaos iseTi formebi social-politikuri cxovrebisa, rogorc mis
fsiqikas, suliskveTebas, zne-Cveulebas da erovnul kulturas Seesabameba.
sruli imedi maqvs, rom maRal pativcemuli konferencia, romelsac miznad
dausaxavs gaarkvios udidesi problemebi kacobriobis cxovrebisa da daamyaros
qveyanaze
samarTlianoba
da
Tavisufleba,
ar
ugulebelyofs
patara
saqarTvelos elementarul moTxovnilebas, dRes Cemi piriT warmoTqmuls, da
daixsnis mas Zalmomreobisa da samarcxvino monobis klanWebidan. kurTxeva
uflisa iyos Tvenzeda da Tqvens keTilSobilur miswrafebasa da muSaobaze.
mdabali ambrosi patriarqi sruliad saqarTveloisa. 7 Tebervali. Tbilisi.~243.
aRniSnuli mowodeba moTavsebuli iyo imave welSi maisSi genuis gazeT
`kafars~-Si244, romlis Sinaarsi winaswar gamoZiebaze daadastura da Tavisi
xeliT daswera kaTolikozma ambrosim. amis gamo saqarTvelos sagangebo
komisiis mier moxdenil winaswar gamoZiebiT gamoirkva, rom, garda kaTolikoz
ambrosisa,
genuis
konferenciisadmi
mimarTul
mowodebis
SedgenaSi
monawileobas iRebdnen sakaTalikozo sabWos wevrni: kalistrate cincaZe da
sxvani245.
memorandumis gagzavnis Semdeg mTavrobam wamoiwyo Sesabamisi RonisZiebani
eklesiis Sinagani danawevrebisa da dasustebis mizniT, amitomac xelisufleba
xels uwyobda e.w. `saeklesio cxovrebis reformatorebs~. sasuliero pirTa
erTi nawili ruseTSi opoziciaSi Caudga ruseTis sapatriarqo xelisuflebas,
isini
moiTxovdnen
saeklesio
cxovrebis
reformas,
sinamdvileSi
ki
xelisufleba maTi xeliT cdilobda eklesiis dasustebas, kaTalikos patriarq
kalistrates mogonebebidan Cans, rom ruseTis e.w. `cocxali eklesia~
emuqreboda saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalias, radganac am `cocxali
eklesiis~ wevri qarTveli sasuliero pirebi (reformatorebi) uSualod
eqceodnen am axali rusuli eklesiis iurdisdiqciis qveS, maT, rogorc iTqva,
saqarTvelos xelisufleba mfarveloba. amitomac saqarTvelos eklesiis

xelmZRvanelebma
miiRes
gadawyvetileba
reformebis problemebisaTvis.

TviTonve

miexedaT

saeklesio

6) 1922 w. 19 oqtombers sakaTalikoso sabWom daadgina: `1. cnobil iqnas

principulad,
rom
saqarTvelos
eklesias
esaWiroeba
Seitanos
Tavis
wyobilebaSi Tanamedrove cxovrebis Sesaferisi cvlilebebi da am cvlilebaTa
cxovrebaSi umtkivneulod gatarebisaTvis mas Seswevs sakuTari Zal-Rone~246.
sabWom dasaxa Sesabamisi RonisZiebani, CarTo masSi eparqiaTa mRvdelmTavrebi.
1923 wlidan daixura 600-ze meti eklesia, kaTalikos patriarqi ambrosi
sistematurad dahyavdaT CekaSi dakiTxvaze, igi gamoasaxles sakaTalikoso
rezidenciidan, 1923 wlis 12 ianvars igi daapatimres., patriarqTan erTad
daapatimres sakaTalikoso sabWos wevrebi: dekanozebi - kalistrate cincaZe,
ioseb mirianaSvili, martSi daapatimres dekanozi markoz tyemalaZe. 1923 wlis
ianvarSi sakaTalikoso sabWom muSaoba Sewyvita.
dapatimrebis wina dRes 1923 wlis 11 ianvars patriarqi ambrosi Sexvda
sakaTalikoso sabWos da miiRo gadawyvetileba SemoeRo saqarTvelos eklesiis
droebiTi mmarTveloba, romelsac Tavmjdomared daeniSna urbneli episkoposi
qristefore. dapatimrebuli iyvnen mitropoliti nazar leJava, arqimandriti
pavle jafariZe, diakvani dimitri lazaraSvili, mRvdeli anton ToTibaZe,
nikoloz arjevaniZe, nikoloz TavdgiriZe.
saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiT mmarTvelobaSi iyvnen urbneli qristefore
cicqiSvili, episkoposi daviT kaWaxiZe, mRvdlebi svimon WeliZe, nestor
yubaneiSvili, saero pirebi parmen goTua, ivane ratiSvili, ipolite varTagava,
es iyo sakaTalikoso sabWos axali Canasaxi. dekanoz giorgi gamrekelTan
erTad. kaTalikos patriarqi kalistrate am jgufs uwodebda `sakaTalikoso
sabWo #2~, gansxvavebiT `sakaTalikoso sabWo #1~-isagan, romelic am dros
dapatimrebuli iyo247.
7). 1923 wlis 2-5 seqtembers Sedga e.w. `quTaisis kreba~, romelic
arawarmomadgenlobiTi iyo, igi warmoadgenda mxolod quTaisis eparqiis
morwmuneTa da samRvdeloTa erT nawils, magram imis gamo, rom krebas mxars
uWerda
xelisufleba
(adgilobrivi
organoebis
saxiT)
da
aqtiurad
warmarTavda mis muSaobas, Seqmnili viTarebis gamo am krebas didi mniSvneloba
mieniWa. formalurad kreba moiwvies `saeklesio reformebis sainiciativo
jgufis~ mowodebiT, sinamdvileSi ki mimarTuli iyo dapatimrebuli kaTalikos
patriarqisa da sakaTalikoso sabWos gasatexad, raTa maT `moenaniebinaT~
sabWoTa xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli qmedebebi. quTaisis krebis
muSaobis warmmarTvelma episkoposma daviT kaWaxiZem da adgilobrivma
xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebma krebas miaRebines aseTi gadawyvetileba: `dRes
saqarTveloSi arsebuli sabWoTa xelisufleba aris erTaderTi kanonieri
xelisufleba da qarTveli xalxis interesebis damcveli. Cven movuwodebT
yvela morwmunes mxari dauWiros mas. vacxadebT sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTalikoz-patriarq ambrosis gamosvlas Semcdarad da arakanonikurad.
saWirod migvaCnia igi gadayenebul iqnes kaTalikoz-patriarqis Tanamdebobidan~,
magram krebam ar CaTvala saWirod patriarqis iZulebiTi gadayeneba (arc
gaaCnda amis uflebamosileba), aramed molaparakeba k-p ambrosisTan gadadgomis
Sesaxeb248.

1923 w. seqtembris dasawyisSi quTaisidan TbilisSi Casulma delegaciam

Txova patimar kaTalikos-patriarqs `Seetana mTavrobis winaSe gancxadeba, rom
memorandumis gagzavna iyo Secdoma~249.
1923 w. 9 seqtembers im sakaTalikoso sabWom, romelsac kalistrate
uwodebs `#2~-s, ganaCina - `eTxovos k.-p. ambrosis Tavisi adgili dauTmos sxva
pirs~249, rac kaTalikos patriarqma ar ineba. kalistrates cnobiT, 1923 wlis
7 seqtembers #2 sakaTalikoso sabWom Tavis pirvel sxdomaze ganaCina `aRiarebul iqnes urbneli episkoposi qristefore kaTalikos-pariarqis
mosaydred
droebiT~250,
aRsaniSnavia,
rom
SemdgomSi
patimrobidan
gaTavisuflebisTanave k.p. ambrosim mosaydred gamoirCia kalistrate, isicaa
aRsaniSnavi, rom 1923 w. 9 seqtembers #2-ma sakaTalikoso sabWom (#1
dapatimrebuli iyo) daadgina: `aRdgenil iqnes tfilisis samRvdelmTavro
kaTedra.
kaTalikos-patriarqis
mosaydreoba
miekuTvnos
tfilel
250
mRvdelmTavars~ , igulisxmeboda qristefore. am dadgenilebas xels
awerdnen episkoposebi qristefore da daviTi. gaTavisuflebisTanave wm.
ambrosim uaryo tfilelis kaTedris aRdgena, xolo qristefore gaistumra
Tavis eparqiaSi. kalistrates cnobiT, dapatimrebul patriarqs xelisufleba
upirebda daxvretas, magram radganac misgan moqmedi eklesiis mmarTveloba
kategoriulad moiTxovda eklesiis gadarCenis mizniT daTmobaze wasvlas
`1924 wlis martSi patimarma ambrosim gazeT `komunistis~ cnobiT genuisadmi
Tavis mimarTva Secdomad aRiara. kaTalikosi da #1 sakaTalikoso sabWos
wevrebi gaasamarTles 1924 wlis martSi. maT miesajaT Semdegi sasjeli:
`1) besarion zosimes Ze xelaia Svidi weliwadi, cxra Tve da ocdasami
dRiT sastiki izolaciiT da mTeli qonebis konfiskaciiT.
2) iason kapanaZe - cxra wliT sastiki izolaciiT da mTeli misi qonebis
konfiskaciiT.
3) kalistrate mixeilis Ze cincaZe - sami weliwadi, cxra Tve da ocdasami
dRiT sastiki izolaciiT da qonebis konfiskaciiT.
4) nikoloz yaramanis Ze TavdgiriZe - sami weliwadi, cxra Tve da ocdasami
dRiT sastiki izolaciiT da qonebis konfiskaciiT.
5) ioseb dimitris Ze mirianaSvili - cxra Tve da ocdasami dRiT sastiki
izolaciiT da qonebis CamorTmeviT.
6) markoz petres Ze tyemalaZe - cxra TviT da ocdasami dRiT sastiki
izolaciiT da qonebis konfiskaciiT.
braldebuli dimitri ivanes Ze lazariSvili, rogorc udanaSaulo,
savsebiT iqmnas ganTavisuflebuli.
msjavrdebulni kalistrate cincaZe, ioseb mirianaSvili da anton
ToTibaZe im braldebaSi, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia sisx. samar. kodeqsis
131 muxlSi 1) daumtkiceblobis gamo cnobil iqmnan udanaSauloT~251.
8). 1924 wlis 25-26 seqtembers Sedga Tbilisis olqis samRvdeloebis kreba
Semdegi
garemoebis
gamo:
1924
wlis
agvistoSi
rusul-komunisturi
dampyrobeli xelisuflebis winaaRmdeg ajanyda qarTveli xalxi, romelSic,
cxadia, sasuliero pirebic monawileobdnen. ajanyeba damarcxda, daiwyo
sastiki represiebi daxvretebiTa da gadasaxlebebiT. bolSevikebs ukve miecaT
mizezi, raTa qarTuli eklesia da qarTveli xalxis sulieri kultura

sabolood Zirfesvianad gaenadgurebinaT. aseT dros eklesiis dacvis mizniT

aRniSnulma krebam miiRo dadgenileba: `Tbilisis qarTveli samRvdeloeba...
diadi qristianuli principebisadmi erTguli, iziarebs xelisuflebisadmi
morCilebis politikas, arc ideurad da arc moqmedebiT ar iziarebs am
sisxlismRvrel da ZmaTa gamTiSvel gamosvlebs~252. am droisaTvis zogierTi
cnobiT ukve daketili iyo 1000-ze meti eklesia. imJamindeli moRvaweTa azriT
ssrk-Si arsad iseTi devna ar ganucdia eklesias da sasuliero wodebas,
viTarca saqarTveloSi. amas xazgasmiT miuTiTebdnen jer kidev ajanyebamde
mTavrobisadmi gagzavnil miTiTebebSi sxvadasxva saeklesio pirebi, erTi aseTi
iyo episkoposi qristefore, romelsac ase Tu ise mTavroba SedarebiT
endoboda. amiT sargeblobda qristefore da mTavrobis winaSe mudam ayenebda
qarTuli eklesiis devna-ganadgurebis sakiTxs, meore mxriv, sasuliero pirebs
mouwodebda loialuri midgoma gamoeCinaT mTavrobis mimarT.
jer kidev 1923 wlis oqtombris TveSi im sakaTalikoso sabWom, romlis
lideric qristefore iyo, patriarqis patimrobis gamo, episkopos daviT
kaWaxiZis iniciativiT gamoitana dadgenileba - `mTavroba eklesiisadmi mtrul
pozicias ar Secvlis Tu kaTalikozi ambrosi ar gamoacxadebs DSemcdarad da
eklesiisadmi
mavneblur
nabijad
Tavis
memorandums~253,
imave
wels
xelisuflebam Caatara e.w. `samRvdeloebis konferencia~, sadac sulierad
gatexili sasuliero pirebi gmobdnen qristianul sarwmunoebas, gautexelT ki
mTavroba sxvadasxva xerxiT sjida. eklesiis usastikesi devna, mouTmeneli
iyo, amitomac qarTveli xalxis ajanyebis erT-erTi mizezi 1924 wels, esec
iyo. gaiTvaliswina ra yovelive, 1924 wlis 20 oqtombers, ajanyebis CaxSobis
Semdeg,
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
droebiTma
mmarTvelobam
episkopos
qristefores meTaurobiT ganacxada - `vaRiareb sabWoTa xelisuflebas,
romelic warmatebiT xelmZRvanelobs qarTveli eris kulturul-ekonomikur
da erovnul aRorZinebas, vgmob 1924 wlis agvistos avanturas~, amave dros
sakaTalikoso sabWom mTavrobas wauyena Tavisi moTxovnebi punqtebis saxiT,
raTa aRar daxuruliyo eklesiebi, Sewyvetiliyo sasuliero pirTa devna,
dabrunebodaT maT miwis norma, aRar gamoesaxlebinaT isini, TavianTi
binebidan, udanaSaulod dapatimrebulni ki gaeTavisuflebinaT cixeebidan. am
mimarTvas urbnel qristeforesTan erTad xels awerdnen quTaTeli daviTi,
baTum-Semoqmedeli nestori, episkoposi simoni.
saqarTvelos ssr saxalxo komisarTa sabWosadmi gagzavnil sakaTalikoso
sabWos am werilSi `pirvelad oficialurad dafiqsirda, rom saqarTvelos
eklesia aRiarebda sabWoTa xelisuflebas, mis gansakuTrebul rols qveynis
kulturul-ekonomikur da erovnul aRorZinebaSi~254.
Cvenamde moRweulia mTavrobisadmi
gagzavnili
ramdenime
mimarTva,
romelSic episkoposi qristefore dabejiTebiT Txovda xelisuflebas
patimrobidan gaeTavisuflebina moxuci patriarqi ambrosi.
oficialuri xelisufleba qarTul ierarqias yofda or jgufad, erTi
antisabWourad ganwyobili kaTalikosis meTaurobiT patimrobaSi iyo, meores
ki, romelic im momentisaTvis realurad imyofeboda eklesiis saTaveSi
`droebiTi
mmarTvelobis~
saxiT,
mieniWa,
ase
vTqvaT,
`loialurad
ganwyobilTa~ statusi da aRniSnuli gancxadebebis Semdeg faqtobrivad
mieniWaT ufleba emarTa qarTuli eklesia. magram, ajanyebiT SeSfoTebulma
mTavrobam ineba garkveul kompromisebze wasvla da 1925 wlis pirvel

naxevarSi patimrobidan gaaTavisufla patriarqi ambrosi da sakaTalikoso

sabWos wevrebi, magram sul ramdenime xanSi isini CaoaSores eklesiis
xelmZRvanelobas, 1926-1927 wlebSi.
9). iqamde 1925 wlis 2 ianvars Sedga religiur sazogadoebaTa
warmomadgenlebis kreba T.saxokias TavmjdomaroebiT. krebas eswreboda
Semdegdroindeli
kaTalikosi
melqisedek
fxalaZe.
krebam
daadgina:
`episkopoma qristeforem TviTneburad miiTvisa mosaydris saxelwodeba.
ukanonod, kooperaciis wesiT mowveul wevrTagan Seadgina sakaTalikoso
sabWo. ukanonod mowveulma sabWos wevrebma misces mitropolitoba. krebam
daadgina: gamoecxados undobloba episkopos qristefores, igi gaSvebul iqnes
urbnisSi, xolo TbilisSi darCes wilkneli episkoposi pavle (jafariZe).~
kalistrates sityviT patimrobidan e.w. `gamosasworebeli saxlidan~
gaTavisuflebuli kaTalikos patriarqi ambrosi Tavis adgils daubrunda. man
1925 wlis 10 ivniss winadadeba misca sakaTalikoso sabWos gamoeca
gankarguleba, raTa `samRvdeloeba ar ereodes politikur saqmeSi~255.
episkoposi qristefore, kalistrates sityviT, `miiqca eparqiaSi~, e.i.
CamoSorda eklesiis mmarTvelobas. 1925 wlis 9 oqtombers ambrosim winadadeba
misca sabWos misi avadmyofobis anda patimrobis SemTxvevaSi, gamoeCina
romelime mRvdelmTavari da daeniSna igi mosaydred. 1925 wlis 10 oqtombers
mmarTvelma episkoposebma (viTarca sakaTalikoso sabWos mudmivma wevrebma)
ganaCines `sakaTalikoso sabWos awindeli Semadgenloba cnobil iqnas
kanonikurad axal arCevnebamde~246. 1925 wlis 31 oqtombers patriarqma
dekanozi kalistrate cincaZe akurTxa ninowmidel episkoposad, mianiWa
mitropolitis wodeba da daniSna kaTalikos patriarqis mosaydred. es
mouTmeneli iyo zemoaRniSnul meore frTisaTvis, amitomac amis sapasuxod
maT 1926 wels moiwvies quTaisSi e.w. `saeklesio yriloba~, mimarTuli
patriarqisa da sakaTalikoso sabWos winaaRmdeg. 1925 wlis Semodgomaze
akurTxes xuTi axali episkoposi - melqisedeki, stefane, kalistrate, aleqsi
da varlami.
10). mitropolit nazaris daxvretis Semdeg quTaisis kaTedris Tavis xelSi
aReba SeZlo iqmade alaverdelma episkoposma daviT kaWaxiZem, romelic
TiTqmis aSkarad emxroboda ruseTSi xelisuflebis mier gaZlierebul
`cocxal eklesias~, es ukanaskneli upirispirdeboda ruseTis sapatriarqo
eklesias da moiTxovda kardinalur saeklesio reformebs. episkoposi daviTi
qarTuli eklesiis gadarCenis mizniT moiTxovda kaTalikos ambrosis
CamoSorebas eklesiis
mmarTvelobisagan mis momxre ierarqebTan erTad,
adgenda `reformis programebsa~ da cirkularebs, gaaCnda daxmareba
xelisufalTa mxridan. sapatimrodan gaTavisuflebis Semdeg wm. ambrosim
gadawyvita quTaisidan episkopos daviTis sxva eparqiaSi gadayvana, miT umetes,
rom daviTs quTaisSi mowinaaRmdegeebic hyavda, mosurneni misi quTaisidan
wasvlisa, am ukanasknelebma 1925 wlis 30 noembers mTavarangelozTa ekelsiaSi
mowveul krebaze winaaRmdegoba gauwies daviTis reformebs, Semdgom
xelisuflebis
mxardaWeriT
daviTis
momxreebma
xalxis
saxeliT
kategoriulad uari ganacxades SeesrulebinaT patriarqis neba. TbilisSi
sakaTalikoso sabWoSi daviTs mxars uWerda qristefore da sxvebic.

miuxedavad amisa, sakaTalikoso sabWom 1926 wlis 1 dekembers miiRo

gadawyvetileba ep. daviTis awyuris eparqiaSi gadayvanisa. amis sapasuxod, 1926
wlis 21 dekembers Sedga quTaisis eparqiis kreba, romelmac moiTxova daviTis
eparqiaSi datoveba. 24 dekembers quTaisis eparqiis samRvdeloebam daviTs
mitropolitis wodeba mianiWa, daviTma depeSiT auwya patriarqs, rom wyvetda
masTan kavSirs. 1926 wlis 24-25 dekembers quTaisSi Sedga e.w. `saeklesio
yriloba~, romelsac eswrebodnen xelisuflebasTan loialuri kursis momxre
sasuliero pirebi mitropolitebi qristefore da daviTi, episkoposebi ioane,
simoni, nestori da stefane, cnobili dekanozebi - TiTqmis mTel
saqarTvelodan, saero pirTagan k.kekeliZe, s.gorgaZe, a.SaniZe, trifon
jafariZe da sxvebi, sul 77 kaci. krebam gamosca epistole `sruliad
saqarTvelos morwmuneTa mimarT~, masSi `aRniSnulia sakaTalikoso sabWos
ukanono moqmedeba~ da amitom misi gadayenebis aucilebloba257.
quTaisis `krebis~ dadgenileba Semdegia258:
`1) sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso sabWos dRevandeli wevrebi, 1924
w. vadagasulni, gadayenebul iqmnen;
2) kaTolikoz-patriarqi ambrosi rCeba Tavis adgilze da misi saxeli
moixsenieba saqarTvelos eklesiebSi rogorc dRemde;
3) sakaTolikozo sabWos nacvlad, saeklesio krebis mowvevamde, arsdeba
tfilisSi sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi gamgeoba. Semdegi
SemadgenlobiT: Tavmjdomare mitropoliti qristefore, misi TanaSemwe
episkopozi stefane, gamgeobis wevrni: ep. alaverdisa, ep. urbneli, dek.
xaxutaSvili,
kandelaki,
nestor
maWavariani,
moqalaqeni:
konstantine
svimoniSvili, eqimi gaCeCilaZe, gagua; mdivans, mis TanaSemwes da sameurneo
saqmis gamgeobas irCevs TviT droebiTi gamgeoba;
4) droebiT gamgeobas ufleba eZleva kooptaciiT moiwvios Tavis wevrebis
Semadgenlobis SesavsebaT eklesiisaTvis sasargeblo pirebi;
5) sruliad saqarTvelos droebiT gamgeobas evaleba Caibaros sakaT.
sabWos
yovelive
sabuTebi,
Tanxebi,
inventari
sakaTalikoso
sabWos
kancelariisa da tfilisis saeklesio sanTlis qarxana;
6) yvela is sasuliero Tanamdebobaze myofni pirni, romelnic ar
daemorCilebian
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
droebiT
gamgeobas,
iTvlebian
daTxovnilad;
7) episkoposi daviTi, rogorc usamarTlod dasjili sakaTalikoso sabWos
mier mawyverelis kaTedraze gadayvaniT, datovebul iqmnes quTaTel
mRvdelTmTavrad Tanaxmad 1926 w. 21 dekembris quTaisis saeparqio krebis
dadgenilebisa, mitropolitis xarisxze ayvaniT;
8) sruliad saqarTvelos droebiT gamgeobas evaleba moiwvios 1927 w.
srul. saqarTvelos meoTxe saeklesio kreba. drois gansazRvra am krebisaTvis,
masalebis damzadeba da sxva259.
mitropolit qristefores 1927 wlis 28 Tebervals SefasebiT quTaisis
krebam `gadaayena sakaTalikoso sabWo da mis nacvlad daarsa sruliad
saqarTvelos eklesiis droebiTi mmarTveloba, romelic ukve Seudga eklesiis
marTva-gamgeobas... arsebuli xelisuflebisagan gamocemuli dekretebisa da
gankargulebaTa farglebSi~. igi xelisuflebas mimarTavda ukve viTarca
eklesiis mmarTveli. sabWoTa xelisuflebam miaRwia Tavis mizans - `kanonieri
gziT~, saeklesio krebis meSveobiT eklesias CamoaSora misTvis miuRebeli

sakaTalikoso sabWo, riTac patriarqs mouspo eklesiis marTvis realuri

saSualeba, Tumca iqamde, 1926 wlis 20 dekembers quTaisis kreba k.p. ambrosim
ukanonod gamoacxada da misi dadgenilebani baTilad cno. quTaisis krebis
organizebaSi monawileobda cnobili bolSeviki `revolucioneri~ valia
baxtaZe da quTaisis partorganizacia. xelisufalTa mier Zalmicemulma
`droebiTma mmarTvelobam~, marTalia, kaTalikos-patriarqad aRiara ambrosi
xelaia, magram Zveli sakaTalikoso sabWos gauqmebis mizniT moiTxova
kaTalikos-patriarqs
`Caebarebina
kancelariidan
saqmeebi~.
droebiTi
mmarTvelobis liderebma qristeforem da daviTma 1927 wlis 4 ianvars miiwvies
milicia da daluqes kancelaria, 5 ianvars miliciis saSualebiT Caibares
`saqmeebi da kancelaria~260. eklesiis `droebiTma mmarTvelobam~, kalistrates
sityviT, 1927 wlis 22 marts Tavis #51 dadgenilebiT uwmidesi ambrosi
`gaaTavisufla saqmeTa warmoebisagan~, rac mas gamoucxades 23 marts, 25-Si
patriarqs dambla daeca. 27-Si goneba dakarga, 29 marts gardaicvala. am
cnobas gvawvdis mitropoliti kalistrate 1927 wlis 25 aprils daweril
Tavis `mware mogonebebSi~. am dros igi mitropolitis xarisxSi myofi
winamZRvrobda Tbilisis qaSueTis eklesias, aRsaniSnavia, rom Tbilisis
avlabris eklesiis winamZRvari qristefore iyo.
11) 1927 wlis Tebervlis TveSi moxda saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis Zalze
mniSvnelovani faqti, misi avtokefalia aRiara ruseTis eklesiis mmarTvelma
sinodma. es istoriuli gadawvetileba ruseTis eklesiis mier miRebuli iqna
kaTalikos-patriarq ambrosis, sakaTalikoso sabWos (wmida sinodis) da misi
aqtiuri wevris mitropolit qristefores Rvawlis Sedegad. Cven mkiTxvels
mivawvdiT ruseTis wmida sinodis mier gamocemul rusul teqstebs, romelic
Semonaxulia mitropolit kalistrates nawerebSi261.
:
, . 30 5
1927 ., : ,
- , . ,
, ,
, .. .. ;

, .
: ,
, ,
, -, M
- , ,
, , ,
-, ,
, , . ,
.., .. , ..,
.., .., .. ... ..
.
,
, -,
-, -
.. :

, ( 1920.),
28 1925 ,
. 6 1925 ,
2 1925 , 12
1925 , 12 1926 ,
. 4 1927 ,
. 11 1927 ,
9 1927 , -

. . 10 1927 :
( 4 ), ,
( 2 ), ( 1053 1810 .),
.
`

: .
... ..
, ,
.
. , 3 1927 :

... :

262.
mitropoliti kalistrate ase gadmogvcems am faqtis istorias, 1926 wlis 4
noembers konstantinopolis patriarqma mimarTa ruseTis sinods: `uaxloes
droSi damyardes normaluri kanonikuri urTierToba uwmides sinodsa da
saqarTvelos
kaTalikoss
Soris~,
ruseTis
eklesiam
daavala
baqos
mitropolit petres ewarmoebina molaparakeba saqarTvelos eklesiasTan. 1926
wlis 25 dekembers kaTalikos-patriarq ambrosis ewvia baqos mitropoliti
petre. mas ruseTis sinodis mier davalebuli hqonda moemzadebina moxseneba,
Tu rogor unda aRdgeniliyo kanonikuri urTierToba or eklesias Soris.
mitropolitma kalistratem am Sexvedrisas ganacxada, rom uZvelesi
avtokefalia saqarTvelos eklesiisa. marTalia, Sewyvita ruseTis saero
mTavrobam 1811 wels, magram igi aRadgina imave ruseTis mTavrobam 1917 wels,
arc erT aRmosavleTis patriarqs ar daudasturebia saqarTvelos eklesiis
avtokefaliis SeCereba, amitomac `axla saWiro ar aris aRmosavleTis
patriarqebis gansakuTrebuli aqti saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis
cnobisaTvis~ (mitr. kalistrate, `mware mogonebani, gv. 31). kaTalikos-patriarq
kalistrates ar miaCnda saWirod konstantinopolis eklesiis mier axali
dadgenilebebis miReba saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis cnobisaTvis.,
Tavis mxriv, mitropoliti qristeforec erT-erTi mTavari monawile iyo
ruseTis wmida sinodis mier 1927 wlis 8 Tebervals saqarTvelos eklesiis
avtokefaliis dadasturebisa. man gamosca kidec es dokumenti:
ruseTis eklesiis sinodis 1927 wlis 25 Tebervlis #825 mimarTva kaTalikospatriarq ambrosisadmi

mis uwmindesobas, kaTalikos-patriarqs saqarTveloisas ambrosis

ruseTis marTlmadidebel eklesiis samRvdelo sinodi amasTanave ugzavnis
Tqvens uwmidesobas saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalobis cnobis aqts, 1927
wlis 8 Tebervals miRebuls, rogorc niSans erTmowmune saqarTvelos
eklesiasTan Zmur urTierTobis ganmtkicebis gulwrfel Taviss survilisas,
da gamosTqvams rwmenas, rom aseTi urTierToba momavalSi arafriT ar
daiCrdileboda.
Tavis mxriT samRvdelo sinodi marTlmadidebel ruseTis eklesiisa
sTxovs Tqvens uwmindesobas aRmouCinos Tqveni mamobrivi mzrunveloba rus
marTlmadidebel samrevloebs saqarTveloSi da afxazeTSi maT mosawyobad
maTis saeklesio cxovrebis nacionalur elferis daurRvevlad.
Tavmjdomare
sinodisa
mitropoliti
leningradisa
beniamini.
administraciuli ganyofilebis gamge moskovis mitropoliti serafime. mdivani
wevri sinodisa profesori zarini.
aqti saqarTvelos eklesiisa avtokefalobis cnobisa
ruseTis marTlmadidebel ekklesiis samRvdelo sinodis wevrTa saerTo
krebam, romelic Sesdga 30 ianvidan 5 Tebervlamde 1927 welSi Semdeg
pirTagan:
Tavmjdomare
samRvdelo
sinodisa
beniamini,
mitropoliti
leningradisa da Crdilo-dasavleTis mxrisa, prezidiumis wevrebi: serafime,
mitropoliti
moskovisa,
mitropoliti
aleqsandre,
apologeti

keTilmauwyebeli, nikolozi mTavarepiskoposi gdovisa, protopresviteri p.n.

krasotini da profesori s.m. zarini; warmomadgeneli msoflio patriarqisa da
sinael mTavarepiskopozisa arqimandriti basil dimopulo; warmomadgeneli
aleqsandriis patriarqisa arqimandriti pavle katapodisi; wevri samRvdelo
sinodisa:
warmomadgeneli
beloruseTis
sinodisa
mogiliovisa
da
beloruseTis mitropoliti iosebi, aleqsi mitropoliti yirimisa, petre
mitropoliti novosibirskisa, petre-mitropoliti baqosi da amierkavkasiisa,
konstantine mitropoliti rostovisa da Crdilo kavkasiisa, basili
mitropoliti vladivastokisa da Soreul-aRmosavleTis mxarisa, sergi
mitropoliti sverdlovskisa da uralis mxarisa, kornili mitropoliti
voroneJisa, anatoli mitropoliti astraxanisa, vitali mitropoliti
tulisa, nikolozi mitropoliti taSkentisa, mixeili mitropoliti yubanSavi zRvispirisa, ioane mTavarepiskoposo stalingradisa, giorgi
mTavarepiskoposi
kalugisa,
mixeili

mTavarepiskoposi
lugisa,
protopresviteri a.i. boiarski, dekanozi n.g. popovi, dekanozi p.v. raevski,
dekanozi t.d.popovi, dekanozi d.a. adamovi, dekanozi m.a. kniazevski, dekanozi
a.p. endeka da profesori b.v. titlinovi.
komisiam, moskovis mitropolits serafimes TavmjdomareobiT da Semdeg
pirTa SemadgenlobiT: petre mitropoliti Crdilo kavkasiisa, mixeili
mitropoliti yubani-Savi zRvispirisa, petre mTavarepiskoposi kavkasiisa da
Tergis eparqiis dekanoz m.a. knizavskisa, ganixila Semdegi dokumentebi:
epistole sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis uwmides leonidisa
(tfilisi 1920 w.), werili saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis moadgilesi
urbnel mitropolit qristeforesi, 1925 wlis 28 ianvars; pasuxi samRvdelo
sinodisa mitropolit qristefores, 1925 wlis 6 aprilis, samRvdelo

sinodisagan; saqarTvelos patriarqs, 1925 wlis 2 noembris; werili kaTalikospatriarqis ambrosisa, 1925 wlis 12 noembris; moxseneba sinodisadmi imierkavkasiis samitropolito mmarTvelobisagan, 1927 wlis 4 ianvris; dadgenileba
samRvdelo sinodisa, 1927 wlis 11 ianvris; angariSi imierkavkasiis
mitropolitis mdgomareobaze, 1927 wlis 19 ianvris; telegrama mitropolit
qristeforesi, 1927 wlis 1 Tebervlis; pasuxi samRvdelo sinodis kaTalikospatriarqis moadgilesi; soxumis mitropolit qristeforesi, 1927 w. 1
Tebervlis; da daaskvna: yurad viRebT ra saqarTvelos eklesiis siZveles (me 4
sauk. dasawyisi), mis simtkices ucxo sarwmunoebaTa winaaRmdeg brZolaSi mis
mravalricxovnebas (2 milion wevramde) mis avtokefalobas warsulSi (1053
wliudan 1810 wlamde), ukve gamocxadebul gadawyvetilebas samRvdelo
sinodisas `mieniWos s.s.r.k. xalxebs Tavisufleba Tavis eklesiur cxovrebis
mowyobaSi da vscnobT saqarTvelos eklesiis udavo uflebas avtokefalobaze
da warvudgenT samRvdelo sinodis wevrTa krebas dasamtkiceblad Semdeg
dadgenilebas:
`cnobil
iqmnes
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
avtokefaloba.
tfilisisa da soxumis eparqiebi aRar iTvlebodes samRvdelo sinodis
uwyebaSi.
sakiTxi
maTis
gacemis
Sesaxeb
gadawydes
saqarTvelos
sakaTalikososTan mi-momarTvis Semdeg ise, rom rusTa marTlmadidebel
samrevloebs SeenaxosT saeklesio cxovrebis rusuli elferi~.
aRniSnuli daskvna komisiisa samRvdelo sinodis wevrTa saerTo krebam
miiRo erTxmad.
aRsasruleblad amisa samRvdelo sinodma 8 Tebervals 1927 wlisas
daadgina: Sesdges calke aqti saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalobis cnobis
saqmeze da waredginos igi aRmosavleTis marTlmadidebel patriarqebs da
saqarTvelos eklesias. inebos RmerTman, raTa hyvaodes ukunisamnde uZvelesi
qristianuli
saqarTvelos
avtokefaluri
ekklesia
SekavSirebuli
marTlmadidebeli
qristes
mTel
eklesiasTan
mSvidobianobiTa
da
siyvaruliTa.
samRvdelo sinodis Tavmjdomare mitropoliti leningradisa da yovlisa
CrdiloeT-dasavleTis mxarisa beniamini.
wevrni sinodisa:
serafime, mitropoliti moskovisa.
RvTismetyvelebis doqtori mitropoliti aleqsandre evelenski apologetkeTil-mauwyebeli.
protoprosviteri p. krasocini
mdivani - wevri sinodisa profesori zarini263.
ruseTis eklesiam orjer cno oficialurad saqarTvelos eklesiis
avtokefalia, pirvelad 1927 wlis TebervalSi, meored ki 1943 wlis
oqtomberSi. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom meore cnoba emyareboda pirvels. meored
cnobis mizezi unda yofiliyo is, rom 1927 wels ruseTis eklesias ar hyavda
patriarqi (tixonis gardacvalebis Semdeg xelisuflebam ar misca ufleba
saeklesio krebis mowvevisa) da mas marTavda e.w. `samRvdelo sinodi~.
12) sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiis meoTxe kreba.
1927 w. ivnisis 21, dilis 10 s., sionis taZarSi Sedga sruliad saqarTvelos
eklesiis me-4 kreba, romelsac daeswo 65 delegati - sasuliero da saero

pirni saqarTvelos yvela kuTxidan da maT Soris saqarTvelos eklesiis

yvela mRvdelTmTavarni. krebis gaxsnis win gadaxdil iqna yovlad samRvdelo
simeon urbnelis mier paraklisi da panaSvidi RvTiv gansvenebul kaTalikozpatriarqis ambrosis sulis mosaxsenieblad. Semdeg amisa, saeklesio krebis
Tavmjdomare, mitropoliti qristefore miesalma krebas Sesaferisi sityviT
da kreba gamoacxada gaxsnilad. krebis gaxsnis Semdeg Tavmjdomarem
winadadeba misca krebas fexze adgomiT pativi ecaT gansvenebul kaTalikozpatriarqis ambrosisaTvis, rac krebis mier Sesrulebul iqna.
Tavmjdomaris winadadebiT arCeul iqna prezidiumi da samandato komisia.
prezidiumSi, kaTalikoz-patriarqis mosaydre - mitropoliti qristefores
TavmjdomareobiT, arCeul iqnen: quTaTel genaTeli mitropoliti daviTi,
urbneli episkoposi simeoni, p.a. goTua da iakob kostava; mdivnebad: dek.
i.lukaSvili, dek. g.javeliZe, s.e. kontriZe da b.g.iremaZe. samandato komisiaSi
arCeul iqnen: dek. i.wereTeli, dek. n.kandelaki da paiWaZe.
Semgeg amisa, krebas moxsenda dr. mmarTvelobis mier warmodgenili
reglamenti, romelic miRebul iqmna zogierTi SesworebiT.
misalmeba saekklesio krebisa mTavrobisadmi 1927 w. 22 ivniss.
`sruliad saqarTvelos caks!
saqarTvelos sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebis Semdeg, meored Semdgari
sruliad saqarTvelos saekklesio kreba miesalmeba s.s.s. respublikis caks da
usurvebs mas warmatebas im mravalnair nayofier aRmSeneblobiTs muSaobaSi,
romelic gansakuTrebulis intensivobiT swarmoebs saqarTveloSi dRes~.
sr. saqarTvelos me-IV saeklesio krebis deklaracia, miRebuli 24 ivniss.
saqarTvelos eklesiis me-4 saeklesio kreba, mowveuli q.tfilisSi a.w. (1927)
ivnisis 21, sabWoTa xelisuflebis saqarTveloSi damyarebis Semdeg meored,
sTvlis Tavis Tavs valdebulad saqarTvelos ekklesiis saxeliT ganacxados
Semdegi:
`saqarTvelos sabWoTa respublikis konstituciiT, eklesia gamoyofilia
saxelmwifodan da mas aqvs moqmedebis da sarwmunoebis propagandis sruli
Tavisufleba. am debulebiT ganisazRvreba damokidebuleba eklesiisa da
saxelwmifos Soris. eklesia ar ereva politikaSi. amas avalebs mas TviT
uflis ieso qristes moZRvreba: `mieciT keisrisa keisarsa da RvTisa RmerTsa~ (maT. 22,21). mociquli pavle ityvis: `yovelive davmorCileT uzenaesTa
xelisuflebaTa;
ar
aris
xelisufleba
RvTisa
gareSe,
arsebulni
xelisuflebani RvTisagan arian ganwesebulni. amisaTvis xelisufalTa
mowinaaRmdegeni arian winaaRmdegni RvTis ganCinebisa, xolo mowinaaRmdegeni
TviT miiReben sasjelsa~ (rom. 13, 1-2).
me-4 saeklesio kreba xazs usvams-ra amas da umTavresad-ki eklesiis
Caurevlobas politikaSi, kategoriulad acxadebs, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis
warmomadgenelT ar SeuZliaT iqonion araviTari kavSiri saxelmwifos
sawinaaRmdego partiebTan da jgufebTan da hgmobs maT moqmedebas, romelic
mimarTuli iqneba sabWoTa saqarTvelos da mis mokavSire erebis mSvidobian
cxovrebis winaaRmdeg. saqarTvelos eklesiis meoTxe kreba aRiarebs, rom arc
saqarTvelos eklesiis mesame krebas da arc mRvdelTmTavarTa krebas ar

dauvalebia
aravisaTvis
gagzavna
sabWoTa
mTavrobis
saprotesto
memorandumisa genuis konferenciisadmi, da rom es nabiji, gadadgmuli 1922 w.,
gamodga sabediswero saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis, gaarTula damokidebuleba
misi xelisfulebasTan, romelic gelaTis saeklesio krebis dros da Semdegac
iCenda saqarTvelos eklesiisadmi srul loialobas.
me-4
saeklesio
kreba
adasturebs,
rom
saqarTveloSi
sabWoTa
xelisuflebis
damyarebis
Semdeg,
kulturul-ekonomikuri
aRorZineba
nacionalur niadagze viTardeba warmatebiT, vidre mis winamorbed reJimebis
xanaSi.
me-4 saeklesio krebas ar SeuZlia ar miaqcios yuradReba gazeTebSi
moTavsebul cnobebs Sesaxeb imisa, rom qarTvel politikur emograntebs n.Jordaniasa da n.ramiSvilis meTaurobiT - hyoliaT warmomadgenlebi romis
papTan da kenterberiis mTavarepiskoposTan.
kreba kategoriulad acxadebs, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis pasuxismgebel
pirT
araviTari
davaleba
an
rwmunebuleba
ar
miuciaT
qarTvel
emigrantebisaTvis - awarmoon raime molaparakeba romis papTan da anglikanur
eklesiasTan; da rom aseT cdebs qoneboda adgili saqarTvelos eklesiis
romelime warmomadgenlis mxriv, maSin kreba iZulebuli iqneboda ganekveTa
igi saqarTvelos eklesiidan.
saqarTvelos
eklesia
iyo
da
aris
aRmosavleT
eklesiis
marTlmadideblobis aRsarebis niadagze da icavs Tavis damoukidebulebas
(avtokefalias) yvela sxva eklesiisagan da arc fiqrobs marTlmadidebel
eklesiis romelime doRmatis Secvlas.
amasTanave erTad saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia, romelic
qadagebs mSvidobianobas, veraviTar SemTxvevaSi ver Seurigdeba im faqts,
TiTqos romis da anglikanur eklesiebis meTaurni iWeren kavSirs antisabWoTa
partiebis da jgufebis warmomadgenlebTan, romelnic cdiloben xelmeored
daarRvion qarTvelTa mSvidobiani cxovreba.
es deklaracia ecnobos saqarTvelos sabWoTa respublikis mTavrobas da
gadaeces presis warmomadgenlebs~.
saeklesio krebis dadgenileba 22 ivnisisa kaTalikos-patriarqis mosaydris
mitropolit
qristefores
moxsenebisa
gamo:
`saqarTvelos
eklesiis
mdgomareoba gelaTis saeklesio krebidan meoTxe saeklesio krebamde (1921-1927
w. w.)~.
`sruliad saqarTvelos meoTxe saeklesio krebam moismina moxseneba
kaTalikos-patriarqis mosaydris mitrop. qristeforesi saqarTvelos eklesiis
mdgomareobis Sesaxeb gelaTis saeklesio krebidan 1921 w. vidre dRevandel
krebamde
da
ganmartebani
yof.
mosaydris
mitrop:
kalistratesi,
mRvdelTmTavarTa - stefanesi, melqisedekisa, pavlesi, svimonisa, dekanozTa kandelakisa,
fofxaZisa,
xaxutaSvilisa,
maWaraSvilisa;
moqalaqeTa
ratiSvilisa, svimoniSvilisa da sx. da daadgina:
1) moxseneba, rogorc eklesiis viTarebis dawvrilebiT da sworad
gamomxatveli, cnobil iqmnas sruliad damakmayofileblad.
2) amasTanave meoTxe saeklesio kreba gamosTqvams Tavis Rrma mwuxarebas,
rom:
a) Seqmnili pirobebisa da kaTalikos-patriarqis avadmyofobisa gamo
saqarTvelos eklesiis mesveurTa Soris hqonda adgili uTanxmoebas, rac xels

uSlida eklesiis mdgomareobis gaumjobesebas axali Zala-uflebisa da axal

garTulebul mdgomareobis dros.
b) rom zogierTni pirni, romelnic ar iyvnen uzenaes mmarTvelobis wevrni
da arc ufleba-mosilni saeklesio krebis mier, mainc ereoden uzenaes
mmarTvelobis saqmeebSi, acxadeben eklesiis meTaurTa gadayenebas gazeTSi da
kidev ufro arTulebden eklesiis mdgomareobas.
g) rom ar iqmna mowveuli saeklesio kreba 1926 w., arc mowveuli iyo Tavis
droze mRvdelTmTavarTa krebebi, ramac gamoiwvia samRvdeloebis nawilSi
ukmayofileba.
3) meoTxe saeklesio kreba gamosTqvams Rrma rwmenas da moiTxovs, rom:
a) amieridan saqarTvelos eklesiis mesveurTa Soris moispos yovelive
SuRli da uTanxmoeba, yvelam, morwmune eris kacebTan erTad, SeTanxmebulad
xeli Seuwyos saqarTvelos eklesiis Wrilobebis gamTelebas, eklesiis
ganmtkicebas da warmatebas.
b) rom momavali uzenaesi organo, romelsac airCevs saeklesio kreba
mtkiced daicavs krebis mier miRebul debulebas, aucilebliv moiwvevs Tavis
droze saeklesio krebas, mRvdelTmTavarTa sxdomebs da sastikad gaatarebs
cxovrebaSi saeklesio disciplinas da Seudgeba energiulad gegmian da
SeTanxmebul muSaobas eklesiis da saqarTvelos eris sakeTildReod~.
dadgenileba saeklesio krebis 24 ivnisis - saqarTvelos eklesiaSi axali
stilis kalendris SemoRebis Sesaxeb.
`SemoRebul iqnes saqarTvelos eklesiaSi axali stili ama 1927 wlis 14
noembridan - mTlianad uZrav-moZrav dResaswaulebze gavrcelebiT~.
imave ricxvs miRebul iqna dadgenilebani:
a) jvris wera SeiZleba mTelis wlis ganmavlobaSi Semdeg dReebis garda:
didisa da mariamobis marxvisa, 5 ianvrisa, 29 agvistosi, 14 seqtembrisa da 21-25
dekembrisa;
b) eriskacT neba eZleva jvris werisa umetes samgzisa hasakisa da fizikur
mdgomareobis mixedviT;
meored jvardaweril eris kacT, an qvrivze jvardawerilT neba eZlevaT
samRvdelo xarisxis miRebisa;
d)
mRvdels
neba
eZleva
Seasrulos
mTavardiakvnis
movaleoba
mTavardiakvnis
SesamoselSi.
ipodiakons
neba
eZleva
kvereqsebis
warmoTqmisa264.
1927 wlis 16 ivniss Catarda kaTalikos-patriarqis arCevnebi, arCeul iqna
qristefore III. mTavrobas am arCevnebTan dakavSirebiT warudgines aseTi
moxseneba: `krebis monawileT erTma nawilma qristefore mitropolits uwoda
`moRalate~. mitropolitma qristeforem gamoxata simpaTiebi bolSevikebis
mimarT. reaqcionerebma datoves kreba, darCenilebma qristefore airCies
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqad. igi sabWoTa xelisuflebisadmi
loialuria, reaqciuli samRvdeloeba aralegalur mdgomareobaze gadavida,
saWiroa maTi dapatimreba~265.
1922-25 wlebSi kaTalikosos mosaydreobis dros qristefores mier
moxerxda axali episkoposebis wilknelis (pavle jafariZis), manglelis (efrem
sidamoniZis), baTum-Semoqmedelis (nestor yubaneiSvilis), bodbelis (stefane

karbelaSvilis) kurTxeva. qristefore didad zrunavda eklesiis mdgomareobis

gasaumjobeseblad, mis sityvas mTavroba ase Tu ise mainc usmenda. igi xSirad
axsenebda xelisuflebas, rom `eklesiis Seviwroeba ise Zlierad arsad ar
aris sabWoTa kavSirSi, rogorc saqarTveloSi~266. 1921 wels moqmedi 1450
eklesiis nacvlad 1931 wlisaTvis moqmedebda 350-mde, 1600 RvTismsaxuri
Semcirda 350-mde, 25 moqmedi monasteri ki - 5-mde267.
13) 1930 wlis 12 Tebervals Sedga sakaTalikoso sinodis sxdoma,
ganxilul iqna mitropolit daviTis sakiTxi. es ukanaskneli moiTxovda
kaTalikos-patriarq
qtistefore
III-is
gadayenebas.
krebam
ganaCina:
ganTavisuflebuliyo
mitropoliti
daviTi
quTais-gaenaTis
eparqiis
gamgeobidan. Semdgom qristeforem mitr. daviTi gadaiyvana baTum-Semoqmedis
eparqiis mmarTvelad, sadac igi gardaicvala 1935 wels. am mdgomareobam kvlav
gazarda mitropolit kalistrates avtoriteti.
14). 1930 wlis 8-11 oqtombers Sedga saqarTvelos mexuTe saeklesio kreba,
romelmac ganixila samRvdeloebis iuridiuli yofis sakiTxebi, kaTalikospatriarqis
qristefore
III-is
janmrTelobis
mdgomareoba
dRiTi-dRe
uaresdeboda, igi gardaicvala 1932 wlis 10 ianvars, dakrZales Tbilisis
sionSi267.
15). 1932 wlis 21-22 ivniss Sedga saqarTvelos eklesiis meqvse kreba,
romelmac ganixila axali kaTalikos-patriarqis gamorCevis sakiTxi. iqamde
qristefore III-is gardacvalebis Tanave, 1932 wlis 11 ianvars Sedga
sakaTalikoso sinodis sagangebo sxdoma, romelmac miiRo dadgenileba
kaTalikos-patriarqis mosaydred krebis mowvevamde manglel mitropolit
kalistrates gamorCevis Sesaxeb. 1932 wlis 21-22 ivnisis krebam mitropoliti
kalistrate daadgina saqarTvelos eklesiis axal kaTalikos-patriarqad.
16). 1934 wlis 31 maiss Sedga saqarTvelos meSvide saeklesio kreba,
romelmac airCia sinodis wevrebi saxelwodebiT - `kaTalikosis Tanai sinodi~.
amiT sabolood iqna uaryofili winandeli sakaTalikoso sabWos gazrdili
uflebebi. `sakaTalikoso sabWo~ qristefore III-is arCevamde 1917 wlis
seqtembris krebis Semdeg warmoadgenda saqarTvelos eklesiis faqtobriv
gamgebels, misi saboloo gadawyvetilebis aRsruleba savaldebulo iyo
patriarqisTvisac, romelic mxolod pirvel wevrad iTvleboda am sabWoSi.
sabWos winaaRmdeg gailaSqra `quTaisis saeklesio yrilobam~, romlis mizani
iyo imJamad sabWos wevrisa da faqtobrivi lideris mitropolit kalistrates
avtoritetis Semcireba. IV saeklesio krebam kidev ufro Seamcira sabWos
mniSvneloba, mis nacvlad faqtobrivad SemoiRo `sruliad saqarTvelos
eklesiis sinodi~, romelsac Tavmjdomareobda kaTalikos-patriarqi, misi
wevrebi 1927 wlis seqtemberSi iyvnen eparqiaTa mRvdelmTavrebi da agreTve
gamoCenili dekanozebi, maTTan erTad sinodis SemadgenlobaSi Sediodnen
saero pirebi - moqalaqeni: parmen goTua, iakob cincaZe da sxvebi. sinodSi
Sedioda dekanozebi da saero pirebi. aseTi SemadgenlobiT sinodi
emsgavseboda Zvel sakaTalikoso sabWos. 1934 wlis krebam sinods, rogorc
aRvniSneT, uwoda `kaTalikosis Tanai sinodi~, riTac mianiSna, kaTalikospatriarqis erTpirovnul uflebaze eklesiis marTvisa. mizezi amisa unda

yofiliyo saero xelisuflebis SiSi eklesiis winandel demokratiul

mmarTvelobas, romelsac `sakaTalikoso sabWo~ axorcielebda, raime safrTxe
ar Seeqmna mTavrobisaTvis (msgavsi genuisadmi gagzavnili `memorandumisa~).
axali `Tanai sinodi~ srul ndobas ucxadebda axal patriarqs. am mxriv
aRsaniSnavia kalistrates udidesi mowinaaRmdegis mitropoliti daviTis
sityva,
romelSic
kalistrate
ukve
daxasiaTebulia
rogorc
`inteleqtualuri, sasuliero pirTa Soris moqmedebiT upiratesi, pirveli maT
Soris WkuiT, codniT, ganviTarebiT, saqmianobiT, gamocdilebiT, romelsac
amis gamo angariSs uweven kirioni da leonide~.
17) 1937 wels Sedga saqarTvelos merve saeklesio kreba, man SeimuSava
saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis Sesworebuli debuleba, maleve, 1945
wels, IV da VIII saeklesio krebaTa debulebebis safuZvelze SemuSavebul iqna
eklesiis marTva gamgeobis axali debuleba, romelic warmoadgenda moqmed
saeklesio samarTals saqarTvelos XIII saeklesio krebamde.
18) 1943 wlis oqtombris TveSi ruseTis eklesiam aRadgina liturgikulkanonikuri urTierToba saqarTvelos eklesiasTan, scno misi avtokefalia,
misi meTauris sapatriarqo Rirseba da VI adgili msoflio marTlmadideblur
diptixSi. es iyo orive eklesiisaTvis uaRresad mniSvnelovani aqti. amis
Semdgom moixsna safrTxe ruseTis eklesiis mier saqarTvelos eklesiis kvlav
damorCilebisa da misi TavisTavadobis gaqrobisa. am aRiarebas mohyva
saqarTvelos eklesiis saerTaSoriso aRiarebac.
am aRiarebas win uZRoda Semdegi garemoeba: germaniasTan omSi Caflulma
sabWoTa xelisuflebam gadawyvita oficialurad eRiarebina ruseTis eklesiis
erTaderT warmomadgenlad `moskovis sapatriarqo~, aqamde igi TiTqmis
mfarvelobda e.w. `obnovlencebs~, saeklesio cxovrebis `ganmaaxleblebs~. omis
wlebma daadastura Tavisi xalxisaTvis swored erTaderTi - ruseTis
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis saWiroeba, amitomac xelisuflebam, romelic
iqamde rusul eklesias nebas ar rTavda axali patriarqis arCevisa, 1925 w.,
patriarq tixonis gardacvalebis Semdeg Secvala Tavisi pozicia. i.b.stalinma
- sabWoTa kavSiris erTpirovnulma gamgebelma 1943 wlis 4 seqtembers kremlSi
miiwvia mitropolitebi sergi, aleqsi da nikolozi, ris Semdegac imave wlis 8
seqtembers moskovSi Sedga moskovis sapatriarqos episkoposTa kreba 20
ierarqis monawileobiT, romelmac sruliad ruseTis (moskovis) patriarqad
airCia mitropoliti sergi, patriarqTan daarsda `wmida sinodi~. umalve, 14
seqtembers saqarTvelos kaTalikos patriarqma kalistratem mimarTa ruseTis
patriarq sergis, raTa `eklesiebma, rusulma da qarTulma, icxovron
erTmaneTTan mSvidobiT da TanxmobiT sadideblad RvTisa~. patriarqma sergim,
romelic
iqamdec
keTilganwyobili
iyo
qarTuli
eklesiis
mimarT
kalistrates upasuxa depeSiT `Tanacxovreba eklesiebisa xels Seuwyobs am or
xalxs Soris urTierTobis kidev ufro gaRrmavebas~268. saqarTveloSi
patriaqma sergim gamogzavna stavropolisa da piatigorskis arqiepiskoposi
antoni. man gaarkvia imJamad rusuli eklesiisaTvis Zalze mniSvnelovani
sakiTxi, kerZod, xom ar hqonda kavSiri qarTul eklesias zemoaRniSnul
`obnovlencebTan~, romelic `antirusul saeklesio dajgufebebad~ iqna
cnobili. patriarqma kalistratem vrcel sityvaSi moixsenia qarTuli

eklesiis erTguleba uZvelesi droidanve marTlmadideblobisadmi, gaixsena

istoriuli faqti, roca me-17 s-Si mefe Teimuraz I-isa da odiSis mTavris
levan II dadianis elCebma ruseTSi daamtkices, rom qarTuli eklesia ar
iziarebda kaTolikur aRmsareblobas da mtkiced icavda marTlmadieblobas.
patriarqma aRniSna, rom qarTul eklesias ar gaaCnda antikanonikuri gadaxra,
romelic xels SeuSlida ruseTisa da saqarTvelos eklesiebs Soris
liturgikul kanonikur urTierTobaTa aRdgenas. arqiepiskoposma antonma
gamoarkvia,
rom
saqarTvelos
eklesiaSi
ar
imyofebodnen
coliani
episkoposebi da meored qorwinebaSi myofi sasuliero pirebi, mas ar hqonda
locviTi
urTierToba
rusuli
eklesiidan
gankveTil
antikanonikur
jgufebTan269.
moskovis
patriarq
sergis
mier
miniWebuli
uflebamosilebiT
arqiepiskoposma
antonma
kanonikurad
SesaZleblad
CaTvala
patriarq
kalistratesaTvis
eTxova
nebarTva
erTobliv
saRmrTo
liturgiaSi
monawileobisa, romelic Sedga sionSi 1943 wlis 31 oqtombers, riTac
faqtobrivad
aRdga
locviTi
liturgikuli
kanonikuri
urTierToba
saqarTvelosa da ruseTis eklesiebs Soris. naTelia, rusuli eklesia
apirebda
ecno
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
teritoriouli
avtokefalia
saqarTvelos ssr-s sazRvrebSi. moskovSi dabrunebuli arqiepiskoposi antonis
moxsenebis safuZvelze, ruseTis uwmidesma sinodma ganaCina: miiReba ra
mxedvelobaSi, rom saqarTvelos uwmidesma kaTalikos-patriarqma qarTvel
ierarqTa, samRvdelo dasisa da samwysos saxeliT daamtkica qarTuli
eklesiis ucvleli gadawyvetileba, rogorc warsulSi, aseve awmyoSi da
momavalSic darCes wminda mociqulTa da wminda mamaTa mier gadmocemul
marTlmadidebel sarwmunoebaSi, SeinarCunos da daicvas eklesiis kanonebi,
aRiarebuli iqnes:
a) yovladusamRvdloes stavropolis mTavarepiskoposis antonis moqmedeba
kanonierad, romelmac 1943 wlis 31 oqtombers uwmindes kaTalikosTan da
misdami daqvemdebarebul samRvdeloebasTan erTad aRavlina locva da
eqvaristia, riTac ar daarRvia moskovis uwmindes patriarqis mier yovlad
usamRvdloes mTavarepiskoposisadmi miniWebuli ufleba-mosileba. amgvarad:
b) Cvenda sasixarulod aRdgenilia locviTi da evqaristuli urTierToba
qarTul da rusul or avtokefaliur da-eklesiebs Soris:
g) ecnobos momxdaris Sesaxeb saqarTvelos ssr-s farglebSi myof
marTlmadidebel samwysos da ganvumartoT maT, rom amieridan maTi valia
RvTismsaxurebisas moixsenion ierarqiuli TanmimdevrobiT saqarTvelos
uwmidesi kaTalikosis da sxva ierarqebis saxelebi da ueWvelad saidumloTa
aRsrulebisaTvis
mimarTon
qarTvel
mRvdelTmsaxurebs,
rogorc
marTlmadideblebs:
d)
eTxovos
saqarTvelos
uwmides
kaTalikos-patriarqs
miiRos
saqarTveloSi ssr-Si mcxovrebi marTlmadidebeli rusi mrevli Tavis
samRvdelmTavro saWeTmpyrobelobaSi da mieces maT ufleba SeinarCunon
TavianT mRvdelTmsaxurebaSi da samrevlo praqtikaSi is wesebi da Cvevebi,
rac miiRes maT rusuli eklesiisagan memkvidreobiT,
e) eTxovos saqarTvelos uwmindes patriarqs miiRos Tavis gamgeblobaSi
rusi mrevli, romlebic, marTalia, ar imyofebian saqarTvelos ssr-s
farglebSi, magram manZilis siSoris an sxva msgavsi siSoris gamo uWirT

mimarTon rusul saeklesio mmarTvelobas, ris Sesaxebac ecnobos agreTve

saqarTvelos uwmindes kaTalikos-patriarqs, gansakuTrebuli sapatriarqo
miwerilobiT, asli gaegzavnos saqarTvelos ssr-s farglebSi myof rus
marTlmadidebel
mrevls
da
agreTve
euwyos
werilobiTi
brZaneba
270
yovladuwmindes aleutis mitropolits .
sinodaluri ganCinebis Semdeg ruseTis uwmindesma patriarqma sergim
werili
gamougzavna
saqarTvelos
kaTalikos-patriarqs
kalistrates,
romelSic miuTiTebda, rom ar unda mieqces yuradReba imas, rac iwereboda da
iTqmeboda warsulSi qarTuli eklesiis winaaRmdeg, Tu mxardasaWerad, aseve
ar unda daiweros urTierTangariSsworebani, romlebic xels uSlidnen
mocemuli sakiTxisadmi miukerZoebel midgomas. saqarTvelos eklesiis
avtokefalia ukve aRar aris am or eklesias Soris cilobis sagani.
saqarTvelos sabWoTa socialisturi respublikis sazRvrebSi ruseTis
eklesia cnobda saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefalias.
aRavlenda locviT da eqvaristul kavSirs marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoebisa
da saeklesio wesebis dogmatebis dacvis pirobiT, kerZod, iTxovda ganSorebas
locviT
urTierTobisagan
pirebTan
da
sazogadoebebTan,
romlebic
ganyenebuli iyvnen ziarebidan rusuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiis samsjavros
mier271.
aRsaniSnavia, uwmindes patriarq sergis mimarTva saqarTveloSi mcxovreb
marTlamdidebel rusebisadmi:
ruseTis marTlmadidebel eklesias 25 wlis manZilze ar hqonda saSualeba
Tanaziari yofiliyo saqarTvelos eklesiis arc mRvdelTan da arc
mRvdelmTavrebTan, rCeboda samwyso saeklesio nugeSiscemis gareSe, iyvnen
iseTebic, romlebic ver swvdebodnen ra saeklesio uTanxmoebis arss,
dadiodnen qarTul taZrebSi, loculobdnen qarTvel mRvdelmTavrebTan
erTad da iRebdnen maTgan ziarebas, magram midiodnen ra taZridan, ar
SeiZleba gulSi darwmunebuli yofiliyvnen, kargs akeTebdnen Tu ara - am
mdgomareobam gastana ara erTi da ori, aramed 25 weli.
1943 w. 31 oqtombers ganxeTqileba damTavrda, gabrwyinda eklesiuri
mSvidoba da eWvi warsuls Cabarda. rus mrevls, mcxovrebs saqarTveloSi,
ufleba eniWeba ilocos qarTvel sasuliero pirebTan taZrebSi, miiRos wminda
saidumloebani da igrZnos Tavi qarTul eklesiaSi, rogorc WeSmariti
RmerTis saxlSi.
patriarqma Tavis mowodebaSi agreTve Zalian STambeWdavad mimarTa rus
morwmuneT saqarTvelos eklesiis upiratesobaze: `vadidoT saqarTvelos
RvTissaTnomyofelTa
naTeli
krebuli:
saqarTvelos
ganmanaTlebeli
mociqulTa swori nino da mravalricxovani qarTveli moRvaweni, romlebic
ruseTis wminda naTlobamde mravali wliT adre ukve anaTebdnen msoflioSi
qristes madliT. yovlad wminda RvTismSoblis SuamdgomlobiT Tavis
wilxvedr saqarTvelosadmi~272.
patriarqma sergim es udidesi mniSvnelobis aqti auwya aRmosavleTis
patriaqebs: mimarTvaSi aRniSna, rom `1917 wels saqarTvelos eklesiam
gamoacxada Tavi avtokefaliurad, ar miuRia ra amaze ruseTis umaRlesi
saeklesio xelisuflebis
nebarTva, rasac mohyva ganxeTqileba locviT
urTierTobaSi
marTlmadidebel
da-eklesiebs
Soris.
pirvel
xanebSi
qarTvelebs hqondaT Serigebis mcdeloba, magram ruseTis mxridan es

mcdeloba kategoriulad uaryofil iqna wminda sinodi, rogorc saxelmwifo

dawesebuleba, Tavs movaled Tvlida daecva imperiis ZiriTadi kanoni, romlis
mixedviTac mefis xelisufleba imperiis mTel teritoriaze saeklesio
saqmeebSi moqmedebda mxolod saeklesio sinodis meSveobiT, Sesabamisad
saqarTveloSic. magram Semdgomac, ukve sinodis gareSe, ruseTis mxares eWira
igive pozicia, nawilobriv inerciiT da nawilobriv qarTvelTa `TviTnebobaze~
gulistkivilis gamo. ase grZeldeboda mTeli 25 weli. ruseTSi patriarqobis
aRdgenamde. es aRdgena gaxda - saqarTvelos uwmindes kaTalikosisaTvis
sasurveli mizezi, aRedgina urTierToba ruseTis eklesiasTan dakavSirebiT.
man gamoTqva survili da imedi, rom amieridan es ori eklesia icxovrebdnen
erTmaneTTan mSvidobiT da Tanaziarad RvTis sadideblad...
wminda sinodma gamoitana ganCineba da aRiara ruseTis urTierTobis
aRdgena saqarTvelos avtokefaliur eklesiasTan. patriarqi gamoTqvamda
rwmenas, rom maTi uwmindesoba aRmosavleTis patriarqebi daamtkicebdnen am
Serigebas273.
istorikosi
medea
bendeliani
wers:
`saqarTvelos
kaTalikospatriarqisaTvis cnobili iyo, rom saqarTvelos saeklesio teritoriuli
sazRvrebi somxeTze gadioda, e.i. somxeTis marTlmadidebeli eklesiebi
odiTganve qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda. swored amitom iyo, rom
patriarqi
ayenebs
sakiTxs
somxeTSi
moqmedi
rusuli
samrevloebis
saqarTvelos iurisdiqciSi daqvemdebarebis Sesaxeb. 1943 w. 31 oqtombris
ruseTisa da saqarTvelos saeklesio ganCinebis e) muxlis Tanaxmad: `eTxovos
saqarTvelos uwmides patriarqs miiRos Tavis ganmgeblobaSi saeklesio
saqmeebi da somxeTSi myofi marTlmadidebeli rusuli mrevli, romlebic,
marTalia, ar imyofebian saqarTvelos ssr-s farglebSi, magram manZilis
siSoris gamo uWirT mimarTon rusul saeklesio gamgeblobas~274.
19) 1952 wlis 5 aprils patriarq kalistrates gardacvalebisTanave
mowveul iqna saqarTvelos eklesiis mecxre saeklesio kreba, romelmac airCia
axali kaTalikos-patriarqi melqisedek III (fxalaZe). uwmindesi kalistrate
TiTqmis 20 weli marTavda saqarTvelos eklesias umZimes periodSi, Tavisi
sibrZniT SeZlo eklesiis avtoritetis amaRleba, rogorc morwmuneTa, ise
saeroTa Soris. kalistrates meore msoflio omSi saqarTvelos eklesiis mier
gaweuli RvawlisaTvis xelisuflebis umaRlesi organoebi miagebdnen
Sesabamis pativs, man, rogorc iTqva, miaRwia imas, rom 1943 wels ruseTis
eklesiam aRiara saqarTvelos eklesiis sruli (teritoriuli) avtokefalia,
VI adgili msoflio marTlmadideblur diptixSi da amasTanave aRiara
saqarTvelos eklesiis meTauris sapatriarqo Rirseba, rac udidesi warmateba
iyo im droisaTvis.
20) sruliad
saqarTvelos
kaTalikos-patriaris
melqisedek
III-is
gardacvalebis Semdeg, 1960 wlis 20 Tebervals Sedga saqarTvelos eklesiis
meaTe saeklesio kreba. krebis sagani iyo axali kaTalikos-patriarqis
gamorCeva da agreTve gankveTil samRvdelo pirTa sakiTxis gadasinjva.
arCeuli
iqna
kaTalikos
patriarqad
Wyondidel-baTum-Semoqmedeli
mitropoliti efrem sidamoniZe, saxelwodebiT efrem II. man im droisaTvis
TiTqmis SeuZlebel warmatebas miaRwia imiT, rom 1963 wels safuZveli Cauyara

mcxeTis saRvTismetyvelo kursebs, romelic male seminariad gadakeTda.

pirvelad aTwleulebis Semdeg gamosca `axali aRTqma~ da locvani, igi didi
siyvaruliT sargeblobda moZme marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa ierarqiaSi.
viTarca
universitetis
kursdamTavrebuls,
kavSiri
hqonda
prof.
k.kekeliZesTan, romlis redaqtorobiTac gamosca `axali aRTqma~. am
droisaTvis saqarTvelos, viTarca TavisTavadi qveynis, saxeli daviwyebuli
iyo saerTaSoriso asparezze, amitomac Zalze didi mniSvneloba hqonda
saerTaSoriso organizaciebSi sxvadasxva erebisaTvis Sexsenebas imisa, rom
arsebobda qarTveli eri Tavisi eklesiiT.
am kuTxiT mniSvneloba unda mieniWos efremis dros, mis mier, 1963 wels
saqarTvelos eklesiis gasvlas saerTaSoriso asparezze msoflio eklesiaTa
sabWoSi,
romelSic
iqamde
ukve
gawevrianebuli
iyo
ruseTis
da
konstantinopolis sapatriarqoebi, yvela sxva marTlmadidebeli eklesia, maT
rigSi saqarTvelos eklesiis Cadgoma mniSvnelovani momenti imiT, rom
berZnuli sapatriarqoebi (konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, ierusalimis), sxva
sapatriarqoebi da eklesiebi imJamad ar aRiarebdnen qarTuli eklesiis
sapatriarqo Rirsebas, mis adgils diptixSi da zogjer avtokefaliasac ki.
Cans, qarTuli eklesiis saerTaSoriso asparezze gasvliT ukmayofilo
xelisuflebam, efremis winaaRmdeg gaatara Sesabamisi RonisZiebani, maT
Sesaxeb miambes Zalze sando adamianebma, rogorc sasuliero, ise saero
pirebma da morwmune mrevlis Zvelma wevrebma. isini iyvnen TviTmxilvelni da
zogjer monawilenic ki qvemoT aRwerili ambisa. parizidan Camosvlis Tanave
efrem II-s aujanyda mcxeTis sasuliero saswavleblis ramdenime studenti
(Semdgom, eklesiidan ramdenime gankveTilni), romelTac TavianTi Tavi bodbis
wm. ninos monasterSi episkoposebad gamoacxades, am ukanasknelT patriarqis
winaaRmdeg
aqezebda
saxelmwifos
Sesabamis
organoebTan
farulad
moTanamSromle e.w. `patriot inteligentTa~ jgufi, (maT Soris erT-erTma,
Semdgom profesorma miambo kidec amis Sesaxeb).
patriarqma Rirseulad SesZlo xelisuflebis am devnis Tavidan acileba.
efrem II gardaicvala 1972 w. 7 aprils.
21) 1972 wlis 1 ivniss TbilisSi Sedga saqarTvelos meTerTmete saeklesio
kreba, romelmac kaTalikos-patriarad airCia urbneli mitropoliti daviTi
(devdariani). igi jer kidev kaTalikos-patriarqma melqisedek III-m anderZiT
datova Tavis mosaydred, razec imJamad manglelma episkoposma daviTma uari
ganacxada275. patriarqad daviT V-is intronizacia Sedga 1972 wlis 2 ivliss
sveticxovelSi. `misi moRvaweobis wlebSi normalurad iTvleboda morwmuneTa
darbeva da eklesiebidan axalgazrdobis gamorekva wirva-locvebis dros [e.w.
`komkavSirelebisa~ da sxvaTa mier], mwyemsmTavar daviT V-s araerTxel
gamouTqvams protesti amgvari ukanonobisa da uzneobis gamo... yoveli amgvari
daumorCileblobis Semdeg mokle xanSi xdeboda romelime eklesiis,
mRvdelmTavris an Tavad misi darbeva, dawiokeba, romelTa iniciatorebi
yovelTvis daudgenelni rCebodnen276. daviT V aSkarad, maT Soris presis
gamoyenebiTac cdilobda qveynisa da eklesiis gadarCenas zemoaRniSnul e.w.
`patriot inteligentTa~ mier miyenebuli vnebebisagan, radganac maTSi xedavda
im Zalas, romelic ersa da saqarTvelos samomavlod samoqalaqo omSi
CaiTrevda. marTlac SemdgomSi maTi gza sabediswero aRmoCnda saqarTvelos

mTlianobisaTvis. daviT V-is dros isini xalxSi ciliswamebisa da waqezebis

gziT aRvivebdnen arajansaR Sefasebebs sasuliero pirTa Sesaxeb. daviT V
gardaicvala 1977 wlis 9 dekembers.
22) 1977 w. 23 dekembers Sedga saqarTvelos XII saeklesio kreba, romelmac
kaTalikos-patriarqad
gamoarCia
cxum-afaxeTis
mitropoliti
ilia
II
(SiolaSvili-RuduSauri). mis dros eklesia gamovida im mdgomareobidan,
romelic
Seiqmna
komunisturi
mmarTvelobis
dros,
daiSala
ssrk,
saqarTvelom aRidgina Tavisufleba, iqamde ki Cveni eklesiis avtokefalia da
sapatriarqo Rirseba cno konstantinopolis sapatriarqom.
1990 wlis 25 ianvars Sedga konstantinopolis (msoflio) sapatriarqos
wminda sinodis kreba, romelmac gamosca saqarTvelos eklesiis uZvelesi
avtokefaliis cnobis sigeli. agreTve `ganCineba~ saqarTvelos eklesiis
meTauris sapatriarqo Rirsebis aRiarebis Sesaxeb.
saqarTvelos uwmidesi marTlmadidebeli eklesiis avtokefaliis cnobisa da
mtkicebis sigeli
dimitriosi,
wyalobiTa RmrTisaTa mTavarepiskoposi konstantinopolisa,
axlisa romisa da msoflio patriarqi
saxeliTa mamisaTa da ZisaTa da sulisa wmidisaTa.
`WeSmarit viyvneT siyuarulsa zeda da aRvaorZinebdeT misa mimarT
yovelsa, romel ars Tav misa qriste, romlisagan yoveli guami Senawevrebul
da Semtkicebul ars yovliTa SeaxlebiTa uxuebisaiTa Sewevnisaebr sazomisa
TviTeulisa asoisa; siorZilsa mas guamisasa hyofdiT aRsaSeneblad Tavisa
Tquenisa siyuaruliT~ (efes. 4,15-16). ambobs mociquli erTa pavle, da marTlac
erTi samwysoa da qristes erTi sxeulia, da aseve iwodeba RvTismieri
qveyanasa zeda eklesia misi sulieri erTianobis gamo, da aranairi, ra Tqma
unda, gziT ar SeuSlia xeli amas, arc pirvel da arc mis Semdgom
saukuneebSi,
struqturisaTvis
adgilobirivi
da
sxvadasxva
qveynebis
eklesiebisa,
romelnic
erTmaneTisagan
damoukidebelni,
Sinaganad
TviTmmarTvelni, TavianTive mwyemsmTavarTagan da moZRvarTagan da qristes
saxarebis msaxurTagan marTulni arian da Seadgenen erT wmida kaTolike da
samociqulo eklesias.
aseTivea kavkasiis kurTxeul miwaze, amJamad saqarTvelos respublikis
sazRvrebSi Semavali wmida da marTlmadidebeli eklesia, romelmac uZvelesi
droidan miiRo TviTmmarTveli da Tavisufali ganmgebloba da Sesabamisad,
saeklesio mmarTvelobiTi organizaciac. rwmenaSi simtkicisa da eklesiuri
cxovrebiT mravali da SesaniSnavi magaliTis maCvenebli. igi dResac
Seuneleblad da ucvlelad icavda da icavs Cveni marTlmadidebeli eklesiis
moZRvrebas da mis mier aRiarebul WeSmaritebebs. amJamad ki, Tavis
ganmgeblobaSi kanonierebis msurveli, yvela wmida msgavsi aRmsareblobis
eklesiebTan megobrul da siyvaruliT savse urTierTobaSi da samsaxurSi
myofi mimarTavs, yoveli xelsayreli SemTxvevisas, Cvens ekumenur sapatriarqo
taxts da iTxovs kurTxevasa da mtkicebas Tavisi TviTmmaarTvelobiTi
struaturisa. rameTu ase SeTanxmebulma, viTarca vazma ganuyofeli RvTis

venaxisa, adgilobriv marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa kanonier pleadaSi myofma,

ganagrZos ayvaveba qristes sxeulisa.
es RirsebiT savse mimarTva da Txovna siyvaruliT miviReT Cven da Cvenma
wmida da kurTxeulma sinodma, vinaidan Cveni ekumenuri taxti valdebulia
daxmareba aRmouCinos samarTliani uflebebisa da statusis momTxovn wmida
marTlmadidebel eklesiebs; xeli CasWidos maT da daexmaros drois
aucileblobiT gamowveuli cxovrebiseuli problemebis gadaWraSi, rameTu,
Tanaxmad mravalsaukunovani saeklesio cxovrebisa da wesisa, Rirseulad
mopovebulma misma avtoritetma aRavso avtokefaluri mmarTvelobis miniWebis
uflebis upiratesobiT da Camoyalibda garkveuli administraciuli uflebebi.
amdenad,
Cveni
umdablesoba
da
Cveni
kurTxeuli
mitropolitebi,
yovladpativdebulTa Tana suliwmidis mier Cvens ZmebTan da TanamwirvelebTan
erTad ganimsWvala azriT da siamovnebiT iwonebs, rom patakad momavali wmida
da didi msoflio krebisa, Cvenma upirvelesma taxtma, konstantinopolis
eklesiam akurTxos, cnos da daamtkicos saqarTvelos wmida eklesiis
avtokefalia da damoukidebeli struqtura. igi mudam garantirebuli da
xelSeuxebi iqneba Cveni wmida rwmenisa da saeklesio kanonikuri wesis
Tanaxmad, marTmadidebeli eklesiis erTobaSi.
sinodis gadawyvetilebiTa da suliwmidiT ganaTlebulni vacxadebT
saqarTvelos uwmides eklesias imave TviTmmarTveli struqturiTa da
organizmebiT, rac uZvelesi droidan gaaCnda da rac damowmebulia agreTve
balsamonis mier, romelic wers: `... amboben, rom dReTa maT Sina uwmidesisa
patriarqisa RvTaebrivi qalaqisa didisa antioqiisa ufali petresi, gamotanil
iqna sinoduri dadgenileba, rom iqmnes Tavisufali da avtokefaluri eklesia
iberiisa~277. miviCnevT, rom igi CarTulia da aris Zmur marTlmadidebel
eklesiaTa pleadaSi da vadasturebT, amasTanave, imas, rom igi saxeldebulia
rogorc `wmida avtokefaluri eklesia sruliad saqarTveloisa~. vcnobT mas
rogorc Cvens sulier das, romelic uflebamosilia marTos da awarmoos
saqmeni damoukideblad da avtokefalurad, Tanaxmad wesisa. sxva adgilobriv
wmida marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa Soris kanonieri uflebebiT moqmedebs,
meTaurad hyavs ufali RmerTi da macxovari Cveni ieso qriste, da kanonikuri
da saeklesio wesis Tanaxmad, aRiarebs da pativs cems Cveni msoflio
sapatriarqo taxtis pirveladobas, da viTarca Tavis umaRles mmarTvelobiT
organos, scnobs saqarTvelos eklesiis mRvdelmTavarTagan Semdgar sinods,
romlis
Tavmjdomarec
aris
mTavarepiskoposi
mcxeTa
Tbilisisa
da
kaTolikosi sruliad saqarTvelisa.
Cvens uwmides samociqulo da msoflio sapatriarqo taxtTan, aseve, yovel
marTlmadidebel
avtokefalur
eklesiasTan
sulieri
da
kanonikuri
erTianobis dacvis mizniT, marTlmadidebeli eklesiis kanonikuri wesis
Tanaxmad, yoveli mTavarepiskoposi mcxeTa-Tbilisisa da kaTolikosi sruliad
saqarTveloisa movalea maT meTaurebs acnobos misi arCeva da aRsaydreba
samSvidobo
saintronizacio
epistoleebiT.
warmoaCinos,
amasTanave,
aRmsarebloba
da
dasturi
misi
da
misadmi
rwmunebuli
wmida
marTlmadidebeli eklesiisa, rom SeubRalavad daicavs marTlmadideblur
sarwmunoebasa da RvTismosaobas, da amasTanave, marTlmadidebeli eklesiis
saRmrTo da wmida kanonebsa da wesebs; rigis mixedviT moixseniebs wmida
diptixSi saxels yoveli msoflio patriarqisa da sxva uwmides patriarqTa da

wmida marTlmadidebeli avtokefaluri eklesiebis unetares ganmgebelTa. rac

Seexeba mironis sakiTxs, daculi iqneba amasTan dakavSirebiT dadgenili
saeklesio wesi, raTa xilulad da uxilavad Sedges da gancxaddes Sinagani
da garegani ganuyofeli erTianoba marTlmadidebeli eklesiisa.
amasTanave, vurCevT, rom zogadi xasiaTis saeklesio problemebisa Tu
dabrkolebaTa dros, romelnic avtokefaluri eklesiebis saganmgeblo
sazRvrebSi iCenen Tavs, xolo sayovelTao gansjasa da kenWisyras
eqvemdebarebian, mTavarepiskoposma mcxeTa-Tbilisisa da kaTolikosma sruliad
saqarTveloisa mimarTos Cvens uwmides msoflio sapatriarqo taxts, romlis
mierac daukavSirdeba yovel marTlmadidebel saepiskoposos, WeSmariti
sityvis marTlmkveTelT da, Tavissave Txovnis Sesabamisad, miiRebs misgan
sarwmuno azrsa da Sexedulebas misas da Zmuri eklesiebisas.
amrigad, Cvens mudmiv, sruli Semadgenlobis, wmida da kurTxeuli sinodis
1990 wlis 23 ianvris sxdomaze nafiqrs, gansjils da sinodalurad Cvens mier
damtkicebuls, rom mtkiced davicvaT, vadasturebT am sapatriarqo da
sinodaluri sigeliT, romelic Sedgenili da xelmowerilia Cveni wmida da
qristes didi eklesiis wesdebis Tanaxmad, zustad da ucvlelad. vauwyebT da
vugzavniT mTavarepiskoposs mcxeTa-Tbilisisa da kaTolikoss sruliad
saqarTveloisa, qristes mier Cvens sayvarel Zmasa da Tanamwirvels ufal
ilias, sruliad saqarTvelos wmida marTlmadidebeli avtokefakuri eklesiis
kurTxeuli sinodis Tavmjdomares da rogorc wesia, agreTve eklesiuri
kanonikis
mixedviT
moqmed
da
gamocxadebul
moZme
marTlmadidebel
avtokefalur
eklesiebs,
dasacavad
da
gansamtkiceblad
sruliad
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis erTianobisa.
ufali RmerTi Cveni, madliTa da wyalobiTa pirvelisa, didisa da
umaRlesisa
mRvdelmTavrisa
qriste
RmerTisa
Cvenisa,
meoxebiTa
yovladuxrwnelisa dedisa misisa, maradqalwulisa RvTismSoblisa mariamisa,
patiosnisa didebulisa winaswarmetyvelisa da naTlismcemlisa ioanesi,
wmidaTa da didebulTa da yovladqebulTa mociqulTa, wmida mociqulTa
sworisa ninosi da RirsTa da RvTivdacul mamaTa CvenTa, ganamtkicebs da
daicavs wiaRsa erTi wmida da kaTolike eklesiisasa, Zmur avtokefalur
eklesiisa sruliad saqarTveloisa, da waruZRveba da aayvavebs mas
sadideblad wmidisa saxelisa Tvisisa, nugeSad morwmune mrevlisa misisa da
sixarulad Cveni wmida samociqulo msoflio taxtisa da yovelTa moZme
marTlmadidebel avtokefalur eklesiaTa.
macxovrismiersa welsa 1990, Tvesa ianvarsa /25/278
saqarTvelos uwmidesi eklesiis meTauris sapatriarqo titulis cnobis da
boZebis sapatriarqo sinoduri
ganCineba
dimitriosi, wyalobiTa RmrTisaTa mTavarepiskoposi konstantinopolisa
axlisa romisa da msoflio patriarqi
ramdenadac, mravalsaukunovani wesis Tanaxmad, Cveni uwmidesi samociqulo
da msoflio sapatriarqo taxti inarCunebs kanonier uflebas Caerios RvTis
wmida eklesiaTa moTxovnilebebSi, gamoiCinos garkveuli mzrunveloba da

daakmayofilos isini, amitom Cveni umdablesoba, Cvens kurTxeul da

yovladpativdebul
mitropolitebTan
msjelobis
Sedegad,
saeklesio
kanonmdeblobidan gamomdinare, ganimsWvala azriT, rom saqarTvelos uwmides
marTlmadidebel eklesias, viTarca avtokefalursa da damoukidebels,
marTlmadidebel eklesiaTa sistemaSi Semavalsa da TviTmmarTvels, mieces
Zmuri Tanxmoba da aRiareba Cveni uwmidesi konstantinopolis eklesiisagan
maszed, rom saqarTvelos uwmidesi eklesia pativdebul iqnes sapatriarqo
RirsebiTa da adgiliT. rogorc adridanve ixsenieboda uZveles qronikebsa da
sxva saeklesio wyaroebSi misi tituli - `mTavarepiskoposi mcxeTa-Tbilisisa
da kaTolikos-patriarqi sruliad saqarTveloisa~, aseve ixseniebodes
amieriTganac marTlmadideblur saRmrTo da wmida gangebebSi.
Rrmad darwmunebulni varT imaSi, rom Cveni wmida da qristes didi
eklesiis gasjis da misi wmida sinodis dadgenilebas gaiziareben da mxarSi
daudgebian unetaresni patriarqni da ganmgebelni RvTis yoveli wmida
eklesiisa da miRebuli iqneba erTsulovani Tanxmoba saqarTvelos moZme
eklesiis sapatriarqo Rirsebis aRiarebis Sesaxeb. gamovTqvamT WeSmarit imeds,
rom yovelive es xels Seuwyobs Cveni wmida marTlmadidebeli eklesiis
erTianobis Senebas, eklesiis siZlieres da winsvlas.
sixaruliT vauwyebT yovelive amas CvenTvis Zalze sayvarel da
yovladRirseul
Tqvens
unetaresobas,
Tqvens
yovladsamRvdelo
mRvdelmTavrebs, morwmune wmida samRvdeloebas, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos
RvTismosav da morwmune marTlmadidebel xals.
veamborebi Tqvens sayvarel unetaresobas Zmuri amboriT, mivmarTavT Tqvens
qristesmoyvare mrevls Cveni pirvel-mRvdelmTavruli locva-kurTxeviT da
viTxovT yovelTaTvis madlsa da usazRvro wyalobas uflisas279.
23. 1995 wlis 18-19 seqtembers sveticxovlis taZarSi Sedga saqarTvelos
eklesiis gafarToebuli (XIII) kreba. misi uwmidesoba da unetaresoba sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTalikos patriarqi ilia II da wmida sinodis wevrebi visxediT
kankelis win gaSlil grZel magidasTan, romlis winac mwkrivebad isxdnen
delegatebi.
krebam moismina sinodis wevrTa - mmarTvel mRvdelmTavarTa moxsenebebi
eparqiaTa mdgomareobis Sesaxeb, Semdeg ki moismina moxsenebi: a) sasuliero
ganaTlebis mdgomareoba da misi gaumjobesebis gzebi (momxsenebeli
protopresviteri giorgi gamrekeli); b) sapatriarqos misioneruli moRvaweoba
(momxsenebeli mTavarepiskoposi danieli); g) eklesiis sagareo urTierTobebi
(episkoposi ambraami); d) eklesiis socialuri programa da saqvelmoqmedo
moRvaweoba (mRvdeli zaqaria ZinZibaZe, m.bolqvaZe). Semdgom gamarTuli
kamaTisas
gamoikveTa
azri,
rom
gansakuTrebuli
yuradReba
momaval
RvTismsaxurTa ganaTlebis sakiTxs unda daeTmos. meore dRe mieZRvna
eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebis ganxilvas (warmoadgina sasuliero
akademiis proreqtorma mRvdelma basil kobaxiZem). debuleba krebam daamtkica.
krebam moaxdina axali wmidanebis kanonizireba, krebam werilobiT mimarTa
saqarTvelos prezidents, romelSic gamoiTqva Txovna xelisuflebisadmi,
raTa saqarTveloSi seqtantTa moqmedeba ganisazRvros, rogorc religiuri
eqspansia qarTveli eris winaaRmdeg da miRebul iqnas gadamWreli zomebi maTi

moqmedebis akrZalvisaTvis. krebam mimarTa saqarTvelos mosaxleobas, SeTxova

ufals saqarTvelos gaerTianeba, Semdgomi sulieri amaRleba da gabrwyineba.
31.05.2001
SeTanxmeba 2002 w. 17 oqtombers daamtkica sinodma, xolo 22 oqtombers
parlamentma. amis Semdeg Sevida ZalaSi.
konstituciuri SeTanxmeba
saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da
marTlmadidebel eklesias Soris

saqarTvelos

samociqulo

avtokefalur

- saqarTvelom msoflio civilizebul samyaroSi aRidgina istoriuli

adgili, rogorc damoukidebelma da demokratiulma saxelmwifom;
- saqarTvelos avtokefaluri marTlmadidebeli eklesia warmoadgens
samociqulo saydars da msoflio marTlmadidebeli eklesiis ganuyofel
nawils.
igi
me-5
saukunidan
avtokefaluria
da
misi
sasulieroadministraciuli centri da kaTedraa mcxeTa, sapatriarqo kaTedrebia,
agreTve, Tbilisi da biWvinTa;
- marTlmadidebloba, evropis erT-erTi tradiciuli aRmsarebloba,
saqarTveloSi istoriulad saxelmwifo religia iyo, romelmac Camoayaliba
mravalsaukunovani qarTuli kultura, erovnuli msoflmxedveloba da
faseulobebi;
saqarTvelos
mosaxleobis
didi
umravlesoba
marTlmadidebeli
qristiania;
- saqarTvelos konstituciiT aRiarebulia saqarTvelos samociqulo
avtokefaluri marTlmadidebeli eklesiis gansakuTrebuli roli qveynis
istoriaSi da misi damoukidebloba saxelmwifosagan.
saqarTvelos konstituciis me-9 muxlis Sesabamisad

saqarTvelos
saxelmwifo
(SemdgomSi
saxelmwifo),
warmodgenili
saqarTvelos prezidentiT da saqarTvelos samociqulo avtokefaluri
marTlmadidebeli eklesia (SemdgomSi eklesia), warmodgenili sruliad
saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqiT,
deben
konstituciur
SeTanxmebas
(SemdgomSi SeTanxmeba):
muxli 1.
1. saxelmwifo da eklesia adastureben mzadyofnas iTanamSromlon
urTierTdamoukideblobis
principis
dacviT,
qveynis
mosaxleobis
sakeTildReod.
2. saxelmwifo da eklesia uflebamosilni arian dadon SeTanxmebebi
erToblivi interesebis sxvadasxva sferoSi, romelTa ganxorcielebis
mizniTac mxareTa mier miiReba Sesabamisi aqtebi.
3. eklesia warmoadgens istoriulad Camoyalibebul sajaro samarTlis
iuridiul
pirs,
romelic
YTavis
saqmianobas
warmarTavs
saeklesio
(kanonikuri) samarTlis normebiT, saqarTvelos konstituciis, am SeTanxmebisa
da saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad.
4. eklesias specialuri uflebamosilebis gareSe warmoadgenen: saeklesio
kreba, saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, wmida sinodi da saqarTvelos

sapatriarqo (qorepiskoposisa da mdivnis saxiT); xolo samarTlebriv

urTierTobebSi uflebamosilebas aniWebs kaTolikos-patriarqi.
5. saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi xelSeuvalia.
6. rogorc wesi, didi saeklesio dResaswaulebi da kvira dasvenebis
dReebad cxaddeba.
muxli 2.
saxelmwifo mxars uWers aRsarebisa da saklesio saidumlos dacvas.
sasuliero piri valdebulia, ar gasces informacia, romelic mas, rogorc
sulier moZRvars, gaandes an misTvis, rogorc sasuliero pirisaTvis, gaxda
cnobili.
muxli 3.
saxelmwifo
aRiarebs
eklesiis
mier
Sesrulebul
jvrisweras
kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT. samarTlebriv urTierTobebSi gamoiyeneba
qorwinebis saxelmwifo registraciis monacemebi.
muxli 4.
1. sasuliero piri Tavisufldeba samxedro valdebulebisagan.
2. saxelmwifo eklesiasTan SeTanxmebiT uzrunvelyofs samxedro-sajariso
formirebebSi, sapatimroebsa da Tavisuflebis aRkveTis adgilebSi moZRvris
institutis Seqmnas da amasTan dakavSirebiT Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi aqtebis
miRebas.
3.
saxelmwifo
da
eklesia
uflebamosilni
arian
ganaxorcielon
mosaxleobis socialuri dacvis erToblivi programebi.
muxli 5.
1. saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoebis
Sesaxeb sagnis swavleba nebayoflobiTia. saswavlo programebis dadgena,
Secvla, pedagogTa daniSvna da gaTavisufleba xdeba eklesiis wardginebiT.
2. saxelmwifo da eklesia
kanonmdeblobiT gansazRvruli wesiT
ormxrivad da gaTanabrebulad aRiareben Sesabamisi saswavlo dawesebulebebis
mier gacemul ganaTlebis damadasturebel dokumentebs, samecniero xarisxebsa
da wodebebs.
3. saxelmwifo da eklesia uflebamosilni arian ganaTlebis sistemaSi
ganaxorcielon erToblivi programebi. saxelmwifo xels uwyobs eklesiis
saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis funqcionirebas.
muxli 6.
1. eklesiis sakuTreba da sxva qonebrivi uflebebi daculia kaniniT.
eklesiis sakuTrebaSi SeiZleba iyos nebismieri qoneba, romelic ar aris
akrZaluli saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT.
2. eklesia Tavis arasaRvTismsaxuro qonebis flobas, sargeblobasa da
gankargvas axorcielebs saeklesio samarTlebrivi normebiTa da saqarTvelos
moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT.
3. eklesia uSualod ar axorcielebs samewarmeo saqmianobas.

4.
eklesiis
dafinansebis
wyaros
warmoadgens:
nebayoflobiTi
Semowirulobani, samewarmeo Semosavlebi, investiciebi, grantebi, daxmarebebi,
moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad miRebuli sxva Semosavlebi.
5. eklesiis mier saRvTismsaxuro produqcia misi damzadeba, Semotana,
miwodeba da Semowiruloba, aseve araekonomikuri mizniT arsebuli qoneba da
miwa ganTavisuflebulia gadasaxadisagan.
6. saxelmwifo eklesiasTan SeTanxmebiT iZleva nebarTvas an licenzias
eklesiis oficialuri terminologiisa da simbolikis gamoyenebaze, agreTve,
saRvTismsaxuro produqciis damzadebaze, Semotanasa da miwodebaze.
muxli 7.
1. saxelmwifo eklesiis sakuTrebad cnobs saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze
arsebul marTlmadideblur taZrebs, monastrebs (moqmeds da aramoqmeds), maT
nangrevebs, agreTve, miwis nakveTebs, romlebzec isinia ganlagebuli.
2. zemoaRniSnul nagebobaTa dacvis zonebi, maTi movla-patronobisa da
sargeblobis wesebi ganisazRvreba Sesabamisi saxelmwifo samsaxuris mier
moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT da eklesiasTan SeTanxmebiT.
muxli 8.
1.
saxelmwifo
eklesiis
sakuTrebad
cnobs
saxelmwifo
dacvaSi
(muzeumebSi, sacavebSi) myof saeklesio saganZurs (kerZo sakuTrebaSi
arsebuli nawilis garda).
2.
zemoaRniSnuli
saeklesio
saganZuri,
rogorc
saerTo-erovnuli
saganZuris nawili, aris saxelmwifosa da eklesiis erTobliv mfarvelobaSi
moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Seabamisad (wmida nawilebisa da wmida reliqviebis
garda).
muxli 9.
1. saxelmwifo da eklesia erToblivad zrunaven istoriul-kulturuli da
arqeologiur-arqiteqturuli faseulobebis mqone saeklesio nagebobebisa da
saeklesio saganZuris saTanado dacvisa da movla-patronobisaTvis.
2. saxelmwifo eklesiasTan SeTanxmebiT, moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad,
amtkicebs damatebiT wesebs muzeumebsa da sacavebSi daculi saeklesio
saganZuris sargeblobis Sesaxeb, aseve kulturul-istoriuli Rirebulebebis
mqone taZrebis aRdgenis, restavracia-konservaciis an moxatvis proeqtebs.
muxli 10.
saxelmwifo iRebs valdebulebas, awarmoos molaparakeba Sesabamis
saxelmwifoebTan
maT
teritoriaze
arsebuli
yvela
qarTuli
marTlmadieebluri taZris, monastris, maTi nivTebis dacvis, movlapatronobisa da sakuTrebis Taobaze.
muxli 11.
1. saxelmwifo adasturebs XIX-XX saukuneebSi (gansakuTrebiT 1921-90
wlebSi),
saxelmwifoebrivi
damoukideblobis
dakargvis
periodSi,
eklesiisaTvis materialuri da moraluri zianis miyenebis faqts. rogorc
CamorTmeuli qonebis nawilis faqtobrivi mflobeli, iRebs valdebulebas
materialuri zianis nawilobriv kompensaciaze (saqarTvelos ssr ministrTa
sabWos dadgenileba 183; 12.04.90).

2. aRniSnuli sakiTxis Seswavlis, kompensaciis formebis, raodenobis,

vadebis, qonebis an miwis gadacemisa da sxva detalebis dasadgenad paritetul
sawyisebze iqmneba komisia (am SeTanxmebis xelismoweridan erTi Tvis vadaSi),
romelic moamzadebs Sesabamisi normatiuli aqtebis proeqtebs.
muxli 12.
1. SeTanxmeba Sedgeba winamdebare teqstisa da terminTa ganmartebisagan.
2. SeTanxmebaSi cvlilebebisa da damatebebis Setana SesaZlebelia mxolod
mxareTa urTierTSeTanxmebis safuZvelze, orive mxaris xelmoweriTa da
parlamentisa da wmida sinodis damtkicebiT.
3. SeTanxmebas xels aweren saqarTvelos prezidenti da sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi.
4. SeTanxmeba ZalaSi Sedis parlamentisa da wmida sinodis mier
damtkicebisTanave.
saqarTvelos saxelmwifos
saqarTvelos samociqulo
saxeliT
avtokefaluri
marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis saxeliT
saqarTvelos prezidenti

sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqi

e.SevardnaZe

ilia II

sveticxovlis sapatriarqo taZari

14 oqtomberi 2002 w.

daskvna
naSromSi ganxilulia XIX-XX saukuneebSi Semdgari 50-ze meti saeklesio
kreba. isini dayofili iqna sam mTavar jgufad: 1) krebebi, romelnic Sedga
avtokefaliis gauqmebidan mis aRdgenamde; 2) 1917 wels Semdgari avtokefaliis
aRmdgeni krebebi; 3) krebebi 1918-1995 wlebisa.
avtokefaliis gauqmebis Semdeg, mTel XIX saukuneSi, ar Semdgara namdvili
warmomadgenlobiTi sruliad saqarTvelos saeklesio kreba (am SemTxvevaSi
saqarTvelos saegzarqosos saeklesio kreba), mizezi amisa iyo is, rom TviT
ruseTSi, XVIII s. dasawyisidan, ruseTis sapatriarqos gauqmebis Semdeg,
xelisufalTa nebiT ar Catarebula sruliad ruseTis saeklesio kreba, magram
saeparqio saeklesio krebebi Zalze mravali iyo, maT Soris saqarTvelos
saegzarqosos teritoriazec. xelisufalTa mier nebadarTul aseTi Sekrebebis
dros, gansakuTrebiT ki XX s. dasawyisSi, qarTveli sasuliero pirebi
xelsayrel viTarebas xelidan ar uSvebdnen da gabedulad ayenebdnen
Tavdapirvelad skolebsa da eklesia-monastrebSi qarTuli enis, Semdeg ki
sruliad saqarTvelos momcveli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis sakiTxs.
imJamad saqarTvelo, viTarca erTiani administraciuli erTeuli ar
arsebobda,
igi
danawilebuli
iyo
sxvadasxva
guberniaSi,
amitomac

samRvdeloebam miznad daisaxa rogorme ruseTis imperiaSi Seqmniliyo erTiani

administraciuli erTeuli `saqarTvelo~, romelsac garkveuli avtonomiuri
uflebebi eqneboda. es erTeuli unda yofiliyo safuZveli Semdegdroindeli
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliisa (saeklesio kanonebis Sesabamisad
eklesiis avtokefaliis erT umTavres safuZvlad erTiani saxelmwifo an
saxelmwifoebrivi erTeuli iTvleba, romlis sazRvrebsac Tan unda gahyves
eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi).
qarTveli avtokefalistebi xelSemwyob umTavres argumentad miiCevdnen im
faqts, rom ukve arsebobda erTiani saeklesio administraciuli erTeuli
`saqarTvelos saegzarqoso~, swored mis bazaze unda aSenebuliyo momavali
saqarTvelos erTiani sakaTalikoso, romelic eklesiurad gaaerTianebda
dasavleT da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos. saeklesio krebebze uSiSrad
wamoyenebul saqarTvelos avtonomiisa da eklesiis avtokefaliis ideebs rusi
saeklesio moRvaweebi da saimperio wreebi separatizmad naTlavdnen. daiwyo
Sesabamisi represiebi.
1917 wlis Tebervlis revoluciam daamxo saimperatoro xelisufleba,
romelic xels uSlida saqarTvelos avtokefaliis aRdgenis sakiTxis
gadaWras.
xelsayreli
viTarebiT
myisierad
isargebla
qarTvelma
samRvdeloebam, uswrafesad moiwvia 25 marts saeklesio kreba sveticxovelSi,
romelmac aRadgina avtokefalia. es iyo rTuli procesi, romelic dasrulda
imave wlis seqtembris TveSi saqarTvelos I saeklesio krebis mowveviT da
kaTolikos-patriarqis arCeviT.
1918 wels aRsdga saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrioba, risTvisac mTeli XIX
saukunisa da XX saukunis dasawyisSi TavdadebiT iRwodnen qarTveli
saeklesio pirebi. erovnuli saxelmwifos aRdgenis Semdeg mosalodneli iyo,
rom saqarTvelos eklesia Sesabamisi saxelmwifo nebiTa da kanonmdeblobiT
qveyanaSi daiWerda im Rirseul adgils, rac niSneuli iyo misTvis IV-XVIII
saukuneebSi, avtokefaliis gauqmebamde, rom saxelmwifo xels Seuwyobda misi
avtoritetisa
da
gavlenis
gazrdas,
ganaTlebisa
da
kulturis,
sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis sxvadasxva sferoSi. magram moxda piriqiT,
saqarTvelos saxelmwifos imJamindelma mmarTvelobam da socialisturi
(menSevikuri) mimarTulebis mTavrobam saqarTvelos eklesia kanonmdeblobiT
gamoyo saxelmwifosagan, Seuwyvita subsidia, CamoarTva miwebi, uxelfasod
(rogorc krebaze acxadebdnen - ulukmapurod) datova qarTveli samRvdeloeba,
gamoacala mas cxovrebis saxsari, aiZula ezruna ara eris sulier
moTxovnilebaTa
dakmayofilebis,
aramed
ojaxis
gamosakvebi
sarCos
mosapoveblad. am mxriv sul sxvagvarad iyo evropis demokratiul qveynebSi,
magaliTad, saberZneTSi, romelmac iqamde sul ramdenime aTeli wliT adre
aRidgina damoukidebloba, sadac erovnul eklesias konstituciiT mieniWa
upiratesobani. evropis demokratiul qveynebSi qveynis momcvel erT an or
eklesias aniWeben saxelmwifo, erovnuli anda saxalxo eklesiis statuss.
amis Semdeg dadga sakiTxi eklesiis saxelmwifosagan gamijvnis Sesaxeb. II
krebam erTsulovnad daadgina: 1920 wlis I ivliss - `iveriis eklesia uZveles
droidanve uZvelesi erovnuli da kulturuli Zala iyo qarTveli erisaTvis.
eklesia da saxelmwifo TanaSezRuduli da SeTvisebuli iyo mraval
saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi da qarTvel ers arasodes ar daupirispirebia
erTmaneTisaTvis es ori erovnuli Zala. erma eklesiaSi ZvelTaganve

ganasaxiera Tavisi kulturuli cxovreba, aq Caisaxa misi mwerloba,

xuroTmoZRvreba, mxatvroba da sazogado mxatvruli xelovneba.
saeklesio naSTebi saukeTeso Zeglebia qarTveli eris istoriuli
ganviTarebisa.
mraval
saukuneTa
ganmavlobaSi
ukanasknel
saukuneSi
Tavisuflebis dakargvamde, eklesia da saxelmwifo erTis gziT vlidnen da
ganamtkicebdnen erovnuls cxovrebas.
Cveni samSoblos saxelmwoebrivi Tavisuflebis dakargvis Semdgomac ar
daukargavs eklesias Tavisi erovnuli gza. is ganagrZobda brZolasa da
moRvaweobas erovnul da sarwmunoebrivi TavisuflebisaTvis im kulturul
ZalebTan erTad, romelnic iyvnen saxelmwifoebrivi Tavisuflebis ideis
matarebeli. saqarTvelos eklesias aseTi xalxosnuri bunebiT aixsneba, rom
Cvens samSobloSi saxelmwifosa da eklesias Soris ar yofila raime brZola
da ar arsebobda masSi egreT wodebuli klerikalizmi. SemTxveviTi ar
yofila is movlena, rom Cveni erovnuli cxovrebis sxva nawilebTan SedarebiT
eklesiam yvelaze meti brZola ganicada erovnuli Tavisuflebis dasacavad da
1917 wlis 12 marts pirvelad man aRmarTa Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobis
droSa.
Cveni saxelmwifoebrivi Tavisuflebis aRdgena moxda erTi wlis Semdgom
revoluciuri duRilis procesSi. saxelmwi-foebrivi cxovreba jer kidev ar
damtkicebula da ar Camoyalibebula Tavis formaSi. aseTs cvalebadsa da
gardamaval xanaSi saxelmwifoebriv wreebSi ismeba sakiTxi erTmaneTisagan
ganSorebisa da gancalkevebisa saxelmwifosa da eklesiisa, romlebic
mravalsaukunovani
cxovrebiT
iyvnen
erTmaneTTan
SeTvisebuli
da
Sexorcebuli.
saeklesio kreba hfiqrobs, rom eklesiisa da saxelmwifos urTierTisagan
ganSoreba TavisTavad ar warmoadgens saSiSroebas iq, sadac amisTvis
momzadebulia sazogadoebrivi azrovneba, sadac saxelmwifosa da eklesias
SeuZliaT urTierTobis dauxmareblad moawyon sasurvelad orivesaTvis
saerTo sazrunavi sagani eris keTili cxovreba.
saeklesio krebis azriT, Cven jer kidev ver varT imdenad momzadebuli,
rom
erTmaneTis
dauxmarebliv
SevZloT
mSobeli
eris
samsaxuri,
gansakuTrebiT dRes, roca `samkali friad aris, xolo muSakni mcired~ (mat. 9,
37). eklesiis daxmareba da TanamSromloba dResac did samsaxurs gauwevda
saxelmwi-foebrivi simtkicisa da Zlierebis Seqmnis saqmes~.
amgvari
Sesavlis
Semdgom,
saeklesio
kreba
acxadebda,
rom
saxelmwifosagan eklesiis gamijvnis sakiTxi referendumis gziT unda
gadawyvetiliyo. misi azriT, am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT Tavad ers unda mieRo
gadawyvetileba. kreba imasac uSvebda, rom SesaZlebeli iyo xelisuflebas
referendumamde arc ki mieyvana saqme da Tavad gadaewyvita saxelmwifosagan
eklesiis gamocalkeveba. am SemTxvevaSi kreba iSveliebda ra wmida pavle
mociqulis sityvebs: `xelmwifebasa mas umTavresisasa daemorCilen~ (rom. 13, 1),
emorCileba damfuZnebeli krebis uzenaes nebas. am SemTxvevaSi eklesia
iTxovda
rac
SeiZleba
umtkivneulod
momxdariyo
es
gamocalkeveba
saxelmwifosagan da iseTi ram `uflebrivi pirobani~ SemuSavebuliyo, rom am
gamijvnis Semdeg eklesias Tavis samarTlebrivi uflebebi hqonda qveyanaSi.
yvelaferTan erTad, eklesia zemoxsenebul uflebebSi saarsebo wyaros
gaTvaliswinebasac gulisxmobda. saxelmwifos unda ezruna ruseTisagan
iveriis eklesiisaTvis warTmeuli qonebis dabrunebaze. amasTan, Tavis mxriv

TviTon saxelmwifosac unda daemtkicebina eklesiisaTvis Tavisi saeklesio

qoneba.
miRebuli dadgenileba daegzavna saqarTvelos mTavrobis Tavmjdomares,
baton noe nikolozis-Ze Jordanias da damfuZnebeli krebis Tavmjdomaris
ufros amxanags aleqsandre spirodonis-Ze lomTaTiZes (sapatriarqos arqivi, II
saeklesio kreba).
eklesiis gaugonari devna daiwyo 1921 wlis 25 Tebervlis, saqarTvelos
xelmeore okupaciis Semdeg. ssrk-Si eklesia saxelmwifosagan, xolo
eklesiisagan skola ara Tu gamoiyo, aramed aTeistur saxelmwifos surda
eklesia faqtiurad gadaeqcia usaxsro kerZo organizaciad, Tumca ki grZnobda
mis Sinagan Zalas da garkveuli SiSiT epyroboda. bolSevikebma ver gabedes
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis xelyofa mas Semdegac ki, rac genuis
konferenciis
saSualebiT
saqarTvelos
kaTalikos-patriarqma
ambrosi
xeliaiam mimarTa evropisa da msoflios qveynebs yuradReba miepyroT
qarTveli xalxis umZimesi yofisaTvis imperiul saxelmwifoSi da aRedginaT
misi saxelmwifoebrivi damoukidebloba. am dros mravali saeklesio krebidan
Canda, rom devnili eklesiis sasuliero wodeba or jgufad gaiyo.
loialurad ganwyobilma nawilma IV krebis Semdeg rogorRac SeZlo
moegvarebina urTierToba saxelmwifosTan.
1991
wlis
Semdeg,
rac
aRsdga
saqarTvelos
saxelmwi-foebrioba,
saqarTvelos eklesias konstituciiT ar mieniWa, `erovnuli~ anda `saxalxo~
eklesiis statusi, rogorc amas iTvaliswinebs evropis mravali demokratiuli
qveynis konstitucia. Tumca ki saxelmwifom aRiara qarTuli eklesiis
warsuli roli da dado masTan sakonstitucio SeTanxmeba.
naSromSi ganxilulia 50-ze meti saeklesio kreba, romelTa analizic
aCvenebs, rom saqarTvelos eklesiam SeZlo Tavisi xalxisaTvis SeenarCunebina
wmida marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoeba urTules XIX-XX ss-Si, rac safuZveli
iqneba imisaTvis, rom momavalSi kvlav daiWiros is adgili sazogadoebaSi,
rac niSneuli iyo misTvis warsulSi.

XIX-XX

,
,
XIX-XX ,
.
Metropolitian Anania Japaridze
SYNODS OF GEORGIAN CHURCH IN XIX-XX CENTURIES
CONCLUSION
The work consideres more than fifty local synods of the Georgian Church. The analysis of these synods
shows that the Georgian Church managed to preserve for the nation the holly spirit of the Orthodox

church in the very controversial period of XIX-XX centuries. This will serve as a basis for returning
back to the Georgian Church its usual place in the society.

mitropoliti anania jafariZe

saqarTvelos eklesiis mmarTveli ierarqia

naSromSi
ganxilulia
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
mmarTveli
ierarqia
(kaTalikosi,
patriarqi,
qorepiskoposi,
mwignobarT-uxucesi,
moZRvarTmoZRvari), es eparqiebi qarTul eklesias marTavdnen uZvelesi xnidan
TiTqmis
avtikefaliis
gauqmebamde,
maT
Seswavlas
mniSvneloba
aqvs
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis kvlevisaTvis.

daqtori:

lia SarvaSiZe

recenzentebi:

istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori

giuli alasania
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori

sergo vardosaniZe

anania jafariZe, 2003

1. kaTalikosi
msoflio
saeklesio
samarTlis
istorikosTa
Tanaxmad,
TiToeuli
avtokefaluri
adgilobrivi
eklesia
warmoadgens
saepiskoposoTa
erTobliobas, amitomac mas unda hqondes Tavisi erTobis organoebi,
aRWurvili administraciuli ZalauflebiT, romelic calkeul episkoposTa

Zalauflebas
aRemateba,
saqarTveloSi
aseTi
iyo
sakaTalikoso
da
sapatriarqo xelisufleba.
sulieri gagebiT erTi da imave xarisxis mqone RvTismsaxurebi Tanasworni
arian,
magram
isini
SeiZleba
erTmaneTisagan
gansxvavdebodnen
uflebamosilebis sivrcisa da sxva mniSvnelobis mixedviT.
RvTismsaxurTa am niSnebis mixedviT gansxvavebas ewodeba mmarTveli
ierarqia. saqarTvelos eklesiaSi arsebobda episkoposis, mTavarepiskoposis,
qorepiskoposis, kaTalikosis, patriarqis da sxva ierarqiuli xarisxebi.
msoflio eklesiaSi aRniSnulTa garda, agreTve arsebobda sammarTvelo
ierarqiis umaRlesi saepiskoposo xarisxebi egzarqosisa, primasisa, papisa,
arqiepiskoposisa, mitropolitisa da sxva titulebi. isini nawilobrivad
CvenSic arsebobdnen.
saqarTvelos eklesiis sammarTvelo ierarqiis gacnobamde ganvixiloT
Cveni eklesiis umaRles mesaWeTa uflebamosilebis ganvrcovbis areali anu
saqarTvelos eklesiis iursidiqciis sazRvrebi. amis gansazRvra saWiroa
Semdegi garemoebis gamo: Tanamedrove istorikosTa didi nawili qarTlis
kaTalikosis uflebamosilebis arealad, rogor wesi, miiCnevs mxolod
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, romlis iurisdiqciaSic TiTqos ar Sedioda
dasavleT saqarTvelo. aseTi mdgomareobis gamo Znelia ganvsazRvroT rogorc
kaTalikosebis, iseve patriarqebis da sxva ierarqebis uflebamosilebis
sivrce. amitomac, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, ganvixiloT istoriuli
geografiis sakiTxebi saqarTvelos sapatriarqosTan dakavSirebiT.
rogorc Zveli qarTuli saistorio monacemebis, aseve, rac gansakuTrebiT
aRsaniSnavia, berZnul-bizantiuri saeklesio wyaroebis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelo,
anu iveria iyofoda or nawilad _ `zemo iveriad~ da `qvemo iveriad~, anu
`zemo qveyanad~ da `qvemo qveyanad~. `zemo iveriaSi~ anu `zemo qveyanaSi~
igulisxmeba aRmosavleT saqarTvelo. xolo qvemoSi dasavleT saqarTvelo,
Tumca zogjer ucxouri wyaroebi `zemo qveyanas~ uwodebdnen dasavleT
saqarTvelos,
xolo
`qvemos~
aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos.
amis
dasadastureblad arsebobs mravali
monacemi, amaTgan samagaliTod Cven
amovarCevT sams:
1. rogorc cnobili kanonisti n. durnovo aRniSnavs, konstantinopolis
msoflio sapatriarqom 1905 wels gamosca konstantinopolis sapatriarqo
arqivis
dokumentebis
seriis
III
tomi,
romelSic
zemoaRniSnulTan
dakavSirebiT miTiTebulia Semdegi: `iveriis qveyana gayofilia zemo da qvemo
nawilebad. zemo iverias miekuTvneba: imereTi, odiSi (samegrelo) da guria.
iverielebs ori kaTalikosi hyavT. uzenaess aqvs kaTedra 12 mociqulis
taZarSi, mcxeTaSi (TbilisTan axlos), meores, xolo umrwmess, biWvinTaSi
(afxazeTSi) RvTismSoblis taZarSi~1.
2. meore magaliTia XVII s-is ierusalimis patriarqis dosiTeosis Semdegi
cnoba: `iberiaSi ori avtokefaluri arqiepiskoposia, romelTac qarTvelebi
uwodeben kaTalikosebs. qvemo iberias, romelsac Zvelad kolxeTs da lazikas
uwodebdnen, aqvs eparqiebi imereTSi, guriaSi, samegreloSi, afxazeTSi,
svaneTsa
da
mesxeTis
nawilSi.
es
episkoposebi
eqvemdebarebodnen
konstantinopolis saydars fasidis mitropolitis saSualebiT... ase rom,
berZen keisar herakles Semdeg lev isavriosamde
qvemo iberia ukve iyo
avtokefaluri saarqiepiskoposo, magram Cven ar viciT, romeli imperatoris

dros da romel krebaze mianiWes mas avtokefalia... zemo da qvemo iberias

Soris sazRvari aris qedi, romelic kavkasiis mTebSi iwyeba, qarTulad
qulfargi ewodeba, qvemo iberiis kaTalikosi pativiT ufro metia zemo
iberiis kaTalikosze, radganac is ukve isavrosis dros, 720 wels, qvemo
iberiis kaTalikosi iyo... iberebi qvemo iberiis kaTalikoss miiCneven ufros
kaTalikosad, radganac mefe, e.i. imereTis Tavi, maTTan iwodeba mTeli iberiis
mefeTa-mefed~2.
3. moviyvanT iberiis anu sruliad saqarTvelos or geografiul nawilad
gayofis damadasturebel Semdeg magaliTsac: ierusalimeli patriarqi
xrisanfi (qrisanTo) aseve XVII saukunisa wers: `saqarTveloSi, romelsac adre
iberia erqva, iyo ori avtokefaluri arqiepiskoposi, romelTac Cveulebis
Tanaxmad uwodeben kaTalikosebs, da ara arqiepiskoposebs. ase maT marto
qarTvelebi uwodeben. amaTgan erTi, e.i. arqiepiskoposi qvemo iberiisa, iwodeba
imereTis, oseTis, guriis da sruliad qvemo iberiis unetares kaTalikosad
anu martivad, sruliad iberiis unetares kaTalikosad, rogorc ufrosi zemo
iberiis kaTalikosze, xolo meore, e.i. zemo iberiisa, iwodeba qarTlis,
kaxeTis, alvaneTisa da sruliad zemo iberiis unetares kaTalikosad... romeli
imperatoris dros an romel krebaze gaxda is saarqiepiskoposo, Cven zustad
ver davadgineT, magram 26 ivnisis svinaqsarSi vpoulobT, rom ioane, goTeTis
episkoposi xeldasxmuli iqna iberiis kaTalikosis mier, radgan romaul
qveynebSi batonobda xatmebrZolTa eresi, ase rom, rogorc Cans, keisar
herakles Semdeg isavramde qvemo iberia saarqiepiskoposo gaxda~...3.
rogorc zemoT moyvanili magaliTebidan mkafiod Cans, iveria, anu
qarTuli terminologiiT `qarTli~ iyofoda or geografiul nawilad: qvemo
iveriad, anu `qvemo qarTlad~ da zemo iveriad - `zemo qarTlad~. `qvemoSi~,
rogorc ramdenjerme aRiniSna, igulisxmeboda dasavleTi saqarTvelo,
`zemoSi~ ki aRmosavleT saqarTvelo kaxeTisa da mesxeTis CaTvliT. amaSi
darwmuneba advilad SeuZlia nebismier mkiTxvels, romelic bejiTad
gadaaTvalierebs qarTlisa da afxazeTis kaTalikosTa mier gamocemul
sigelebs, gujrebs, werilobiT dokumentebs, sxva saeklesio werilobiT
masalebs da agreTve Cvens mematianeTa mtkicebebs, rom qarTlis samefos
sazRvrebSi mefe farnavazidan vidre vaxtang gorgasalis Svilebamde
moqceuli iyo dasavleT saqarTvelo jer mdinare egriswylamde, Semdeg ki
mdinare klisuramde. `qarTlis cxovrebisa da `moqceva qarTisas~ mtkicebiT,
qarTli qristesSobamde IV saukunidan VI-VII saukuneebamde moicavda
aRmosavleTTan erTad dasavleT saqarTvelosac. amiT aris gamowveuli, rom
wm. ninosw, vaxtang gorgaslis da kirionis dros qarTlis kaTalikosis
iurisdiqcia
dasavleT
saqarTvelozec
vrceldeboda.
afxazeTis
sakaTalikosos warmoqni istoriulad Semdgom periodebSi,
mcxeTis
kaTalikosi Tavis Tavs xSirad uwodebda `zemo qveynis~, `zemo iveriis~, `zemo
qarTlis~ kaTalikoss, xolo afxazeTis kaTalikosi - `qvemo qveynis~, `qvemo
iveriis~
kaTalikoss
(amis
damadasturebeli
wyaroebidan
amokrebili
monacemebi mravlad gvaqvs motanili Cvens `saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis
istoriis~ tomebSi, amitomac maT aq aRar gavimeorebT). zemoT moyvanili
magaliTebi,
romlidanac
kargad
dasturdeba
mosazreba
Cveni
Zveli
mematianeebisa, rom qarTli, anu iveria iyofoda or geografiul nawilad da
amitomac mcxeTis kaTalikosebs `zemo iveriis~, anu `zemo qarTlis~

arqiepiskoposebs uwodebdnen bizantielebi, xolo afxazeTis kaTalikosebs ki

moixseniebdnen `qvemo iveriis~ arqiepiskoposebad. bizantielebi kaTalikosis
tituls aTanabrebdnen bizantiur arqiepiskoposis titulTan, radganac
bizantiur saeklesio samyaroSi arqiepiskoposis maRali tituliT mxolod
avtokefaluri eklesiebis meTaurebi moixseniebodnen, rogorebic iyvnen
kviprosis avtokefaluri eklesiis meTauri arqiepiskoposis tituliT, `axali
iustinianes~ avtokefaluri eklesiis meTauri da masTan memkvidreobiT
dakavSirebuli
`oxridis~
aseve
avtokefaluri
eklesiis
meTaurebi
arqiepiskoposis
titulebiT.
bolo
dros
es
tituli
aqvs
eladis
avtokefaluri eklesiis meTaurs. aseTi midgomis gamo qarTuli eklesiebis
kaTalikosebs arqiepiskoposis tituliT moixseniebdnen Zveli berZeni
patriarqebi. rogorc aRvniSneT, marTalia isini iverias, anu qarTls or
geografiul nawilad yofdnen, magram kargad icodnen, rom saqarTvelo
erTiani, mTliani qveyana iyo eTnikuri TvalsazrisiT, romelsac marTavda ori
kaTalikosi.
iveriis
saxelmwifoebriv
administraciul
dayofasTan
dakavSirebiT konstantinopolis sapatriarqo werda: `iveria iyofa xuT
nawilad: 1) qarTli, taxtiT TbilisSi (ra Tqma unda, mefisa), 2) imereTi,
taxtiT quTaisSi, 3) kaxeTi, 4) samegrelo, 5) guria, qobuleTiT, taxtiT
ozurgeTSi~4. Tumca ki geografiuli TvalsazrisiT, rogorc aRvniSneT, `iveriis qveyana gayofilia zemo da qvemo nawilebad~4.
Tavdapirvelad
IV
da
V
saukunisaTvis
qarTlis
sakaTalikosos
iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda mTeli iveriis anu qarTlis samefo. saeklesio
kanonebic moiTxovda eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebis gavlebas saxelmwifo
sazRvarze, amitomac, cxadia, Tu vaxtang gorgasalis samefo moicavda,
rogorc mematianeebi dabejiTebiT amtkiceben dasavleT saqarTvelos, vidre
mdinare egriswyal-klisuramde, maSin cxadia V saukunis meore naxevarSi
qarTlis kaTalikosis samwysoSi dasavleT saqarTveloSic Sedioda. es
marTlac ase yofila, rogorc es Cemi kvlevidan Cans, ara mxolod V s-Si,
aramed VI saukuneSi nawilobriv vidre VII s. 20-ian 30-ian wlebamde5. mxolod
VII s. 20-ian wlebSi, rogorc zemoT moyvanili antioqiel-ierusalimel
patriarqebis cnobebidan Cans, herakle keisris laSqrobaTa Semdgom dasavleT
saqarTvelos
zRvispireTi,
vidre
argveTamde,
CamoSorda
qarTlis
sakaTalikosos
da
es
teritoria
konstantinopolis
sapatriarqos
iurisdiqciaSi Sevida, vidre bizantiis imperator lev isavrosamde, rogorc
amas zemomoyvanil cnobebSi miuTiTeben ierusalimel-antioqieli patriarqebi.
am dros, e.i. VIII. s. pirvel naxevarSi konstantinopolSi atexili
xatmebrZoluri eresis gamo `qvemo iberiidan~ anu Semdegdroindeli afxazeTis
sakaTalikosodan antioqia-ierusalimSi Casul qarTvel sasuliero pirebs
miuRweviaT imisaTvis, rom ecnoT maTi eklesiis avtokefalia. ase daarsebula
`qvemo iberiis~ anu dasavleT saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso. afxazeTis
sakaTalikosos daarseba iyo erTaderTi swori, kanonikuri gamosavali
konstantinopolis sapatriarqos iurisdiqciidan dasavlurqarTuli eklesiis
Tavis dasaRwevad saeklesio-samrTlebrivi gziT. dasavleT saqarTvelos
qarTuli sakaTalikoso amis Semdeg sixaruliT daubrunda Tavis bunebriv
mdinarebas, anu deda-qarTuli eklesiis wiaRs. afxazeTis kaTalikosi amis
Semdeg, rogorc zemoaRniSnul cnobebSi bizantieli ierarqebic miuTiTeben,
iwoda `umrwmes~, xolo aRmosavleT saqarTvelosi - `uxuces~ kaTalikosad.

qarTul
eklesias
hyolia
agreTve
mesame
kaTalikosic
`xunZeTis
kaTalikosis~ tituliT. aseTi wodeba hqonia XIV saukuneSi `xunZel
kaTalikos oqropirs~, rogorc sinas mTis xelnawerTa aRwerilobaSi werda
ivane javaxiSvili, Tuca es cnoba saeWvoa misi erTaderTobis gamo. Tu
xunZeTSi marTlac Camoyalibda `samitropolito erTeuli~, anu pirvel
ierarqi, romelsac Tavis iurisdiciaSi sxva episkoposebic hyavda, misi
arseboba albaT mxolod ramdenime aTeul weliwads gagrZelda, radganac
Temur
lengis
Semdeg
xunZeTi
da
mTeli
daRestani
TandaTanobiT
gamahmadianda. qarTveli batoniSvilebis TvalsazrisiT, dasavleT daRestnis
mTianeTi istoriulad qarTuli tomebiT iyo dasaxlebuli qarTuli
salaparako
eniT,
magram
gamahmadianebis
Semdeg
isini
TandaTanobiT
asimilirdnen aRmosavleT daRestnis tomebSi da qarTuli enac dakarges. es
cnobac saeWvod miiCneva, anu ufro sworad rom vTqvaT, Cveni istoriografiis
mouclelobis gamo kvleva am mimarTulebiT ar warmoebs. asea Tu ise, sinas
mTis xelnawerebSi `xunZeli kaTalikosis~ moxsenieba mniSvnelovani faqtia
qarTuli eklesiis samarTlis itoriisaTvis. ruis-urbnisis krebis Tanaxmad,
ukve
kaTalikosis
wodeba
hqonda
qarTuli
eklesiis
meTaurs
misi
daarsebisTanave IV s-Si. evstaT antioqielma `xeldasxmul hyo mas Sina
maTTvis episkoposi-kaTalikosi~6.
kaTalikosis wodeba saqarTvelosa da maxlobel qveynebSi berZnuli
wyaroebis mixedviT VI saukuneSi dadasturebuli faqtia, radganac prokofi
kesarieli dasavleT saqarTvelos qristianebis ambebis Txrobisas moixseniebs
am tituls (es qristianebi kaTalikoss eqvemdebarebian, romelic mosazRvre
mxareSi ijda)7. amJamad rusi saeklesio samarTlis mcodneebis mier miCneulia,
rom msoflioSi pirvelad kaTalikosis titulis moxsenieba ganekuTvneba 410
wels da igi ukavSirdeba babilonis selevkiis episkoposis saxels, romelic
sparseTis qristianul eklesias meTaurobda (da imyofeboda antioqiis
mTvarepiskoposis damokidebulebaSi, v.cipinis azriT nikeis I krebis me-6
kanonis Tanaxmad). babilonis selevkiis anu e.w. `sparseTis~ kaTalikosi im
dros Turme sargeblobda Zalze didi avtonomiiT, radganac bizantiasa da
sparseTs Soris saomari moqmedebis gamo sparseTis kaTalikosis kavSiri
antioqiis kaTedrasTan Zalze gaZnelebuli iyo. es sakaTalikoso anqioqiasTan
ganSorebis Semdeg Cavarda nestorianul eresSi da misma kaTalikosebma
YTavianT
Tavs
uwodes
agreTve
patriarqebi,
sruli
avtokefalobis
gamosaxatavad8.
v. cipinis mixedviT kaTalikosebs (kaTolikosebs) Zvelad uwodebdnen im
eklesiaTa meTaurebs, romelnic imyofebodnen bizantiis imperiis aRmosavleTi
sazRvrebis gareT. v. cipini wers - `maT garda kaTalikosis tituli hqondaT
somxeTis eklesiis pirvel ierarqebs. msoflio marTlmadideblobisagan maTi
ganSorebis Semdeg kaTalikosis pativi aiRes qarTvelma pirvelierarqebma,
romelnic antioqiaze iyvnen damokidebulni, magram VIII saukunis Sua wlebidan
faqtobrivad TviTmyofadni iyvnen, Tumca mis avtokefalias ar cnobdnen
konstantinopolsa da antioqiaSi. somxur eklesiaSi kaTalikosis tituli
ufro maRali gaxda vidre patriarqisa~9.
v. cipini cdeba, roca qarTul eklesias mxolod VIII s-dan warmoadgens
TviTmyofadad. damoukidebloba mas aswleulobiT adre hqonda, v. cipins, iseve
rogorc sxva mraval mecniers, cnobebi aqvs erTmaneTSi areuli. kerZod

moRweuli cnoba antioqiuri qsonografidan, rom VIII s-Si avtokefalia

mianiWes iberiidan Casul RvTismsaxurebs, miekuTvneba ara e.w. `zemo iberiis~
eklesias, aramed `qvemo iberiis~ eklesias (e.i. afxazeTis sakaTalikosos). VIII
s-Si
avtokefalia
mianiWes
`qvemo
iberiis~
anu
yofili
lazikis
samitropolitosa da abazgiis saarqiepiskoposoze aRmocenebul axal erTian
eklesias, romelsac qarTvelebi `afxazeTis sakaTalikosos~, xolo berZnebi
`iberiis (qvemo iberiis) saarqiepiskoposos~ uwodebdnen10.
sainteresoa, rom qarTvelebi `kaTalikosebs~ uwodeben ara mxolod
sparsuli, somxuri da qarTuli damoukidebeli eklesiebis meTaurs, aramed
sazogadod yvela TavisTavadi eklesiis meTaurs, maT Soris bizantiis
SigniTac. magaliTad, eqvTime mTawmideli
Tavis `mcire sjuliskanonSi~
`kaTalikoss~ uwodebs yoveli berZeni samitropolitos meTaurs, e.i. misTvis
`sakaTalikosoa~ berZnuli samitropolito11. imave mniSvnelobiT moixseniebs
igi termin `kaTalikoss~ Tavisi Sromis 35-e da 36-e TavebSi12.
maSasadame, rogorc Cans, qarTuli gagebiT, sakaTalikoso-samitropolito
olqia bizantiur samyaroSi arqiepiskoposi eklesiis damoukidebel meTaurs
erqva (kviprosis, axali iustinianesa da sxva avtokefalur eklesiebisas),
eqvTime mTawmidelma uari ganacxada kviprosis eklesiis `kaTalikosobaze~ giorgi mTawmidelis sityviT. giorgi mTawmidelis TqmiT kviprosis eklesia
`sakaTalikosoa~ da `sakaTalikoso eklesiaTa~ Soris erT-erTi rCeulia. igi
wers:
`saydarTa Soris sakaTalikozoTa saCino ars da warCinebul saydari
wmidisa epifane kviprelisa da JamTa basili mefisaTa odesme aResrula
mTavarepiskoposi, romeli iyo mun. da friad aiZula mefeman netarsa
efTvimesa, raTa miiTvalos gangeba misi. xolo man yovladve ara Tavs idva,
rameTu yovliTa moswrafebiTa evltoda didebasa kacTasa da SfoTsa
soflisasa da simdablesa Seitkbobda~13.
msgavsadve efrem mcire Tavis wignSi, romelic sagangebod miuZRvna
qarTuli eklesiis istoriasa da misi avtokefaliis aRweras, wers, rom ukve
pirveli
episkoposi
qarTuli
eklesiisa,
evstaTi
antioqielis
mier
xeldasxmuli IV s. dasawyisSi iyo `kaTalikosis~ titulis mqone, da aqedan
gamomdinare IV s. dasawyisidan qarTuli eklesia - `sakaTalikosoa~ da
maSasadame TavisTavadia.
rogorc eqvTime da giorgi mTawmidelebis, ise efrem mcires Tanaxmad
`kaTalikosi~
damoukidebeli
eklesiis
meTauria,
eqvTimesaTvis
samitropolito olqic sakaTalikosoa (albaT igulisxmeba uZvelesi xana,
roca samitropolito olqebi da `naTesavTa eklesiebi~ - avtokefalurebi, anu
TavisTavadni
iyvnen.
giorgi
mTawmidelisa
da
efrem
mciresTvis
`sakaTalikoso~ - damoukidebeli saarqiepiskoposo, anda saepiskoposoa. yovel
SemTxvevaSi, qarTuli gagebiT, `kaTalikosebi~ mxolod bizantiis gareT
aRmosavleTis qristianuli qveynebis damoukidebel ierarqebs ar erqvaT,
rogorc es miaCnia v. cipins, aramed TviT bizantiur samyaroSi
myof
TavisTavad ierarqebsac. Zveli qarTuli saeklesio moRvaweebi, SeiZleba
iTqvas, erTaderTi avtorebi qarTuli samarTlis sferoSi arsebuli
naSromebisa eqvTime da giorgi mTawmidelebi, efrem mcire, `kaTalikosis~
tituls aigiveben `samitropolitos~ anda `saarqiepiskoposos~ meTaurTan,
amitom ganvixiloT es ukanasknelni:

a. samitropolito olqi da
b. saarqiepiskoposo berZnul-bizantiuri saeklesio samarTlebrivi
gagebis Sesabamisad.
a. samitropolito olqi. upirveles yovlisa unda aRiniSnos, rom adgilobrivi
eklesiebis kanonikuri dafuZnebis istorias ver gaviazrebT, Tu ki sanaTadod
ar SevafasebT saeklesio centralizaciis im process, romelic daiwyo IV
saukuneSi da grZeldeboda ramdenime aseuli wlis manZilze.
`saeklesio centralizaciis procesi mimarTuli iyo iqiTken, rom
moeyvanaT saeklesio organizacia SesabamisobaSi im axal administraciul
dayofasTan, romelic romis imperiaSi Camoyalibda IV aswleulSi~14.
imperiaSi
Camoyalibebuli
wesis
Tanaxmad,
saeklesio
erTeulTa
iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi unda damTxveoda saxelmwifo-administraciuls. am
sazRvrebis dasadgenad unda ganvixiloT Tu ra saxiT iyo mowyobili romis
imperiis administraciuli dayofa. swored administraciul erTeulSi
vrceldeboda saeklesio erTeulis iurisdiqcia, es iyo sazogado kanoni,
Tumca,
cxadia,
arsebobda
gamonaklisebic,
gansakuTrebiT
imperiis
dedaqalaqebis irgvliv. wmida mociqulTaswori konstantine didis dros
imperia dayofili iyo oTx prefeqturad (oTx nawilad), TiToeuli prefeqtura
moicavda imperiis udides regionebs da Tavis mxriv es prefeqturebi
iyofodnen diocezebad, diocezebi ki provinciebad. Tavdapirveli mowyobis
saxe imperiisa iyo provinciuli e.i. imperia Tavdapirvelad ar iyo dayofili
prefeqturebad, mxolod
Semdgom imperiis dasustebis gamo marTvis
gaadvilebis mizniT gadawyvites prefeqturebisa da diocezebis Seqmna.
eklesiis
iurisdiqciac Sesabamisi iyo. Tavdapirvelad I-II saukuneebSi
eklesia ise unda yofiliyo mowyobili, rogorc amas moiTxovda mociqulTa
kanonebis 34-e muxli, kerZod, yovel `naTesavs~ anu eTnikur erTeuls unda
hqonoda Tavisi eklesia, hyoloda Tavisi episkoposebi, romelTa Sorisac unda
yofiliyo erTi gamorCeuli `pirveli~ episkoposi, laTinurad mas `primasi~
erqva. am `primass~ (pirvels) cnobda anu aRiarebda `naTesavis~ yvela
episkoposi. TandaTanobiT aseTi eklesiebi gadaiqcnen provinciis eklesiebad.
saqme is iyo, rom im droisTvis romis imperia provinciebis saxiT daiyo ise,
rom erT provinciaSi moeqca erTi eTnosi anu provinciaTa sazRvrebi gahyva
eTnikurs. v. cipini amasTan dakavSirebiT wers: `imperiis dayofam provinciebad
Semoinaxa mosaxleobis warsuli eTnikuri suraTis saxe. ase magaliTad,
provincia galatias saxeli warmomavlobs iq mosaxle xalxisagan
elinizebuli galatebisagan, xolo frigiis frigebisagan15. am provinciaTa
momcvel teritoriebze ufro adre arsebobda eklesiebi TavianTi `pirveli
episkoposebiT~ anu `primasebiT~, magram ukve IV saukunisTvis es iyo arqauli
tituli pirveli episkoposisa (maT nikeis epoqisaTvis TiTqmis yvelgan
mitropolitebi uwodes15.
`mitropolitis~ tituli qronologiurad nikeis epoqaSi gamoCnda. IV s.
dasawyisSi dioklitianes administraciuli reformis Semdeg, provinciaTa
ricxvis gazrdis gamo provinciaTa dedaqalaqebis e.i. mitropoliebis
episkoposebs TandaTan mitropolitis tituli miekuTvna. isini ukve gaxdnen
igive `xalxis (eris) pirveli episkoposebi~ (mociq. 34), rameTu, rogorc

aRiniSna, romaulma provinciam Semoinaxa mosaxleobis warsuli eTnikuri

suraTis saxe15.
mociqulTa swor wmida konstantine didis dros imperia dayofili iyo
Semdeg oTx prefeqturad: 1. italia; 2. galia; 3. illiriki; 4. `aRmosavleTi~.
illirikTan erTad prefeqtura `aRmosavleTi~ Seadgenda berZnulenovan
naxevars imperiisa, xolo prefeqturebi italia da galia laTinurenovans. es
prefeqturebi IV saukuneSive dayves diocezebad. diocezebis gamgeblebi
TavianT prefeqtebs emorCilebodnen. prefeqtura `aRmosavelTi~ dayofili iyo
5 diocezad: 1. `aRmosavleTi~ (sityvis viwro mniSvnelobiT) dedaqalaqi
antioqia, am diocezSi Sevidnen siria, palestina, arabeTi da mesopotamia; 2.
`egvipte~ (libiasTan da pentapolisTan erTad) mTavari qalaqi aleqsandria;
3. `azia~ (centriT efesoSi), aerTianebda mcire aziis samxreT-dasavleT
nawilis provinciebs; 4. `ponto~ (dedaqalaqi kesaria-kapadokia) moicavda
mcire aziis Crdilo-aRmosavleT nawilsa da somxeTis mTianeTs; 5. `Trakia~
(frakia), moicavda balkaneTis naxevarkunZulis aRmosavleT nawils centriT
iraklia. mis teritoriaze imyofeboda imperiis axali dedaqalaqi
konstantinopoli.
ilirikis prefeqturaSi (centri Tesaloniki) Sedioda ori diocezi: 1.
makedonia; 2. dakia.
italiis prefeqturaSi Sedioda diocezebi: 1. italia; 2. afrika
(dedaqalaqi karTageni); 3. dasavleT illiriki (balkaneTis dasavleTi nawili).
galiis prefeqturaSi Sedioda: 1. galia; 2. espaneTi; 3. britaneTi; 4.
mavritania.
imperiis orive dedaqalaqi amoRebuli iyo saolqo daqvemdebarebidan16.
v. cipinis azriT, provinciebad dayofa imperiisa gadaiqca safuZvlad
samitropolito olqebis warmoqmnisaTvis. msgavsadve samitropolitoebis
gaerTianeba safuZveli gaxda ufro msxvili saeklesio olqebis warmoqmnisa,
romelTa pirveli epikoposebi iwodebodnen `egzarqosebad~, `patriarqebad~.
maSasadame, qristianobis gariJraJze, mociqulTa 34-e kanonis Sesabamisad
`yvela ers~ hyavda Tavisi avtokefaluri episkopati Tavisi `pirveli~
episkoposiT. saxelmwifos mier qristianuli eklesiis aRiarebis Semdeg IV s.
dasawyisSi, radganac provinciaTa sazRvrebi TiTqmis emTxveoda eTnojgufebis
(xalxebis) gansaxlebis sazRvrebs, amitomac 34-e kanoniT `eri~ gauTanabrda
provincias, amitomac ukve provinciis `pirvel episkoposze~ gavrcelda
mociqulTa 34-e kanoni. am kanonis Sesabamisad, yvela provinciis eklesia iyo
avtokefaluri (igulisxmeba IV s. dasawyisSi), Tanaxmad udidesi kanonistebisa
s. troickisa, a. kartaSevisa da sxvaTa. IV saukuneSive provinciaTa ricxvi
gaizarda maTi dayofis gamo. am dros `pirvel episkoposs~ - ewoda
mitropoliti, romlis xelqveSac Sedioda mravali saepiskoposo. diocezTa
sistemis warmoqmnam gaaerTiana erT diocezSi Semavali samitropolitoebi (e.i.
daikarga maTi avtokefalia) warmoiqmna msxvili saeklesio erTeulebi
samTavarepiskoposoebi anda saegzarqosoebi.
romeli principiT moewo qarTuli eklesia?
saqarTveloSi qristianoba ukve I-II saukuneebidanve iyo nawilobriv
gavrcelebuli. arqeologiuri monacemebiT, ukve III saukuneSi qristianuli
mdidari samarxebi fiqsirdeba (magaliTad III s-is samTavros #25-e samarxi)16,
aRmoCenilia sxva qristianuli samarxebic II-III saukuneebisa mcxeTidan vidre

rganamde (WiaTuris r-ni). werilobiTi monacemebiT III saukuneSi qristianuli

swavlebasa da morals samefo karamde miuRwevia (mefe rev marTali). ioane
sabanisZe III saukunidan iTvlida CvenSi qristianobas, amis gamo savaraudoa,
rom CvenSic ukve III s-is II naxevridan mainc unda amoqmedebuliyo mociqulTa
34-e kanoni. IV saukunis dasawyisidan mainc, rac ukve saxelmwifom ineba
qarTuli eklesiis organizeba Sesabamis doneze, cxadia qarTuli eklesia
unda mowyobiliyo, rogorc mezobeli eTnosebis eklesiebi. rogorc aRiniSna,
im dros, nikeis krebis win da mis dros, romis imperiaSi arsebobda
provinciaTa avtokefaluri eklesiebi. es avtokefaluri eklesiebi is-is iyo
iwyebdnen gaerTianebas ufro msxvil saeklesio erTeulebad imperiis axali
administraciuli dayofis Sesabamisad. rogorc aRiniSna, am dros imperiaSi
provinciaTa eklesiebis episkoposebi daeqvemdebara mocemuli provinciis
mTavari qalaqis anu berZnulad `mitropolisis~ (sityva-sityviT `dedaqalaqis~, `mitro~ - deda) episkoposs. warmoiqmna samitropolito eklesiebi
anu olqebi. provinciaTa qristianuli Temebi deda eklesiad miiCnevdnen
provinciis dedaqalaqis eklesias, romelic xSirad daarsebuli iyo
mociqulTa anda mociqulTasworebis mier. amitom provinciaTa Temebi
aRiarebdnen Tavisi dedaqalaqis (mitropoliis) eklesiisa da misi episkopisis
avtoritets, misi meTauris iurisdiqcias. ase Camoyalibdnen pirveli
adgilobrivi eklesiebi, romelTac avtokefaluri pirveli episkoposebi
meTaurobdnen~17. maTi `avtokefaluroba~ didxans ar gagrZelebula, male
samitropolitoebic gaerTiandnen. `pirveli episkoposi~ (mociqulTa kanonebis
34-e muxlisa da antioqiis krebis me-9 muxlis mixedviT) iwoda mitropolitad.
kanonikur eklesiebSi pirvelad es tituli gvxvdeba nikeis krebis kanonebSi
(kan. 4, 6, 7).
saqarTveloSic,
rogorc
aRiniSna,
pirveli
saepiskoposo
eklesia,
msgavsadve unda Camoyalibebuliyo, mociqulTa 34-e kanonis Sesabamisad,
maSasadame, Tu II-III ss-Si CvenSi iyvnen qristianebi, unda hyolodaT
episkoposebi (e.i. Tanamedrove mniSvnelobiT mRvdlebi), romelnic naTlavdnen
axladmoqceulebs. maT unda hyolodaT erTi `pirveli~ episkoposi (mociq. 34
kan.). rogorc aRiniSna, imperiaSi Semdeg `pirvel episkoposs~ ewoda
mitropoliti, da igi avtokefalur eklesias meTaurobda. CvenSi, rogorc
cnobilia, ar arsebobda `mitropolisebi~, xmelTaSuazRvispireTis didi
qalaqebis msgavsi qalaqebi, iyo ramdenime mcire qalaqi da soflebi. amitom
CvenSi eklesiis meTaurs IV s. 40-50-iani wlebidan uwodebdnen ara
mitropolits, aramed `mTavarepiskoposs~. IV s. 20-iani wlebidan mainc
qarTuli eklesia iseve unda yofiliyo mowyobili, rogorc imperiis
provinciis eklesia Tavisi avtokefaluri `pirveli~ episkoposiT (es `pirveli~
iyo albaT qarTuli `mTavar-episkoposi~). imperiaSi, rogorc aRiniSna,
provinciaTa eklesiebi gaerTiandnen jer diocezebSi, Semdeg ki prefeqturebSi
anda mTavari qalaqebis garSemo da dakarges viwro avtokefaliebi, didi
eklesiebis avtokefaliaTa qveS. saqarTvelo ar iyo romis provincia,
amitomac, cxadia, misi eklesia ar SeiZleboda SeerTeboda romelime diocezis
eklesias, imperiis administraciuli dayofis Sesabamisad. amitomac qarTuli
eklesia darCa iseTive mowyobis saxiT, rogoradac Tavidanve Camoyalibda, e.i.
mociqulTa kanonebis 34-e muxlis Sesabamisad. igi iyo eklesia ramdenime
saepiskoposoTi, romelTac hyavdaT `pirveli~ episkoposi. oRond, xdeboda

mezoblebisgan eklesiis meTaurTa titulaturis meqanikuri gadmoReba

`pirveli~ anu `mTavari~ qarTveli episkoposis mimarT. jer mas uwodes
mezobeli episkoposebis darad `kaTalikosi~, Semdeg ki `patriarqi~, Tumca ki
eklesiis kanonikuri wyobis saxe ar Secvlila (garkveul dromde) da igi
igive darCa. e.i. qarTuli eklesia Tavidanve Camoyalibda viTarca romauli
provinciis msgavsi eklesia anu berZnuli samitropolito olqi. Tumca ki,
rogorc aRiniSna, mis meTaurs `mitropolitis~ wodeba ar hqonda.
ganvixiloT dReisaTvis gabatonebuli Tvalsazrisi imis Sesaxeb, rom
Tavdapivelad qarTuli eklesia imyofeboda antioqiis eklesiis iurisdiqciis
qveS da Semdeg miiRo avtokefalia. marTalia es Teoria Zveladac unda
arsebuliyo, magaram igi sabolood unda Camoqniliyo bizantiuri pentarqiis
Teoriis Camoyalibebis anu VII_IX s. Semdeg da misi ganmtkicebisaTvis xeli
unda Seewyo terminologiur aRrevas. kerZod, radganac qarTuli eklesia
Camoyalibebuli iyo III-IV saukuneebSi arsebuli Cveulebrivi wesis Sesabamisad
(e.i.
mociqulTa
34-e
muxlis
mixedviT),
daarsebisTanave
iyo
iseve
avtokefaluri, rogorc III-IV ss. mijnaze da IV s. dasawyisSi Camoyalibebuli
yvela eklesia, amitomac cxadia misi avtokefaliis Sesaxeb ar unda
arsebuliyo araviTari sabuTi. mas ar hqonda vinmes mier miniWebuli anda
miRebuli avtokefalia, igi bunebrivad avtokefaluri iyo daarsebisTanave
Tavisi epoqis msoflio praqtikis Sesabamisad. amitomac amtkicebda giorgi
mTawmideli antioqiis patriarqis winaSe, rom qarTuli eklesia Tavidanve
avtokefaluria, radganac mociqulTa mier aris daarsebuli, mociqulTa mier
daarsebuli yvela eklesia ki avtokefalurad miiCneoda18. magram giorgi
mTawmidelis Semdgom qarTvel moRvaweebs, Cans, es mosazreba aRar
akmayofilebdaT, amitomac maT daiwyes Zieba Tu vis mier iqna daarsebuli
qarTuli eklesia da vin mianiWa mas avtokefalia. sabuTebi ver aRmouCeniaT,
garda erTisa, romelic `antioqiur qronografidan~ amouRiaT, rom VIII s-Si
iberiidan antioqia-ierusalimSi Casula delegacia, romelTac miuRweviaT
eklesiis avtokefaliisTvis. es cnoba sinamdvileSi, rogorc garkveulia,
miekuTvneba e.w. `qvemo iberiis~ da ara mcxeTis sakaTalikosos18. arsebobs
balsamanis cnoba qarTuli eklesiis antioqiisagan gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb
petre patriarqis dros, sinamdvileSi esaa mxolod gamoZaxili giorgi
mTawmidelisa da antioqiis patriarq petre III-is cnobili paeqrobisa. im dros
e.i. XI s-Si qarTuli eklesia damoukidebeli iyo da antioqia mxolod
pretenziebs gamoTqvamda, romelsac sakadris pasuxs scemdnen imJamindeli
qarTvelebi. es petre III XX saukunis qarTvelma istorikosebma ratomRac
warmoadgines petre fulonad, romelsac TiTqosda V saukuneSi miuniWebia
qarTuli eklesiisTvis avtokefalia. es bolo mosazreba mTlianad miuRebeli
iqneboda Zveli qarTuli eklesiisTvis, radganac petre fulons saqarTveloSi
miiCnevdnen uborotes eresiarqad, romelsac mTavarepiskoposma miqaelma qvebiT
Tavi gaupo sxva qarTvel episkoposebTan erTad. amasTanave xazgasmiT unda
aRiniSnos, rom petroz mkawvreli (fuloni) SeaCvena VI msoflio krebam Tavis
33-e da 68-e kanonebiT, viTarca mwvalebeli.
qarTul sabuTebSi xSirad antioqias warmoadgenen `mTeli aRmosavleTis~
dedad,
deda-eklesiad
aRmosavleTis
yvela
eklesiisa.
sazogadod,
saqarTvelos Zvel ZeglebSi xSirad `aRmosavleTs~, `aRmosavalis~ qveyanas
uwodebdnen da radganac antioqia aseve `aRmosavleTis~ deda eklesia iyo,

Cans, terminologiuri damTxvevis gamo antioqiac qarTuli eklesiis

dedaeklesiad warmoadgines.
sinamdvileSi ki, rogorc aRiniSna, antioqia iyo ara mTeli aRmosavleTis
deda eklesia, aramed antioqia iyo dedaqalaqi romis imperiis prefeqturisa,
romelsac
`aRmosavleTi~
erqva.
es
prefeqtura
ar
moicavda
mTel
aRmosavleTs, aramed mas gaaCnda mtkiced dadgenili sazRvrebi, am
`aRmosavleTis prefeqturaSi~ Sedioda xuTi diocezi, maT Soris Sedioda
sakuTriv diocezi `aRmosavleTi~, swored am diocez `aRmosavleTis~
dedaqalaqi iyo antioqia da masSi Sedioda siria, palestina, arabeTi da
mesopotamia. prefeqtura `aRmosavleTSi~, rogorc aRniSnuli iyo agreTve
Sedioda diocezebi egvipte, `azia~, ponto, da Trakia. rogorc aqedan Cans,
prefeqtura `aRmosavleTSi~ ar Sedioda kavkasia, kerZod ki saqarTvelo,
Tumca masSi Sedioda somxeTis mTianeTi (pontos diocezSi) da mesopotamia
(`aRmosavleTis~ diocezSi). amitomac antioqiis iurisdiqciaSi saeklesio
kanonebis Tanaxmad ar SeiZleboda Sesuliyo saqarTvelo. antioqiis eklesias
ufleba gaaCnda Tavis diocez `RmosavleTis~ momcvel miwa-wyalze es iyo,
kidev erTxel aRvniSnavT, siria, palestina, arabeTi da mesopotamia. Tu
maincdamainc,
SeeZlo
pretenzia
ganecxadebina
mTeli
`aRmosavleTis~
prefeqturaze romelSic Sedioda diocezi `egvipte~, `azia~, `ponto~ da
`Trakia~, magram Cven kargad viciT, rom `egvipte~ - aleqsandriis patriarqisa
da ara antioqiis iurisdiqciaSi iyo Tavidanve, xolo sami diocezi
`aRmosavleTisa~ - `azia~, ponto~ da `Trakia~ konstantinopolis sapatriarqom
gaaerTiana Tavis garSemo. istoriulad e.i. IV-V saukuneebSi antioqiis
sapatriarqos
namdvili
iurisdiqcia
vrceldeboda
ara
prefeqtura
`aRmosavleTze~, aramed diocez `aRmosavleTze~, e.i. siriaze, palestinaze,
arabeTsa da mesopotamiaze, aqedan antioqias Camoacales palestinis erTi
nawili da ierusalimis sapatriarqos gadasces. saeklesio kanonikuri
tradiciis Sesabamisad arsaidan Cans, rom antioqias SeeZlo Tavis
iurisdiqciaSi hyoloda saerTod imperiis farglebs gareT myofi `iberia~.
SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom, SesaZloa, romis imperiaSi ramdenime mxares
rqmeoda saxeli `iberia~, viTarca iyo ramdenime armenia. X saukunisaTvis
bizantiis erT nawilSi marTlac arsebobda `iberiis Temi~, Tumca, igi unda
yofiliyo
ara
antioqiis,
aramed
pontos,
anu
konstantinopolis
iurisdiqciaSi.
rogorc
zemoT
aRiniSna,
titul
`kaTalikosis~
pirveli
xseneba
miekuTvneba `babilonis selevkiis~ episkoposs, romelic sparseTis qristianul
eklesias meTaurobda 410 wels, igi antioqiis episkoposis damokidebulebaSi
imyofeboda, magram gaaCnda Zalze didi avtonomia. ratomRac fiqroben, rom am
cnobis
Tanaxmad
sparseTi
imyofeboda
antioqiis
iurisdiqciis
qveS.
sinamdvileSi ki, radganac `aRmosavleTis~ diocezSi Sedioda mesopotamia,
amitomac mesopotamiis mkvidri, anu `sparseli~ qristianebi, cxadia, diocezis
dedaqalaqis anu antioqiis iurisdiqciaSi imyofebodnen. sxva momentia is, rom
V s-Si, `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad, sparseTis saxelmwifom bizantias
CamoaWra mesopotamia da misma eTnikurma anu `sparselma~ kaTalikosma miiRo
sruli avtokefalia, miT umetes rom mis iurisdiqciaSi aRmoCnda Tavisi
eTnikuri qveynis sparseTis qristianebic. amitomac iqamde `babilonis
selevkiis~
kaTalikosis
daqvemdebareba
antioqiisadmi
bunebrivia
da
saeklesio-administraciuli normis Sesabamisia. msgavsadve somxeTis mTianeTi

pontos diocezSi Sedioda da somexi qristianebic im qveynisa unda

daqvemdebarebodnen diocezis anu kesaria-kapadokiis mTavarepiskoposs, e.i.
somxuri eklesiis yofna pontos eklesiis iurisqciaSi normaluria. aqedan ar
unda daaskvnan, rom, radganac somxuri eklesia eqvemdebareboda imperiis
saeklesio centrs, qarTulic aseve unda daqvemdebareboda. rogorc aRvniSneT,
saqarTvelo ar Sedioda romis anu bizantiis imperiis farglebSi da masze
cxadia ar vrceldeboda saeklesio daqvemdebarebis imperiuli kanonebi.
mesopotamieli sparselebi da pontoeli somxebi ki imperiis farglebSi
Sediodnen. Semdgom saukuneebSi, radganac aRar axsovdaT imperiis Zveli
administraciuli dayofis saxe, `aRmosavleTis~ qveS moiazres ara raime
CarCoTi SemosazRvruli administraciuli erTeuli yofil romis imperiaSi,
aramed sityvis pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT mTeli aRmosavleTi, saqarTvelos
eklesiac, rogorc erT-erTi aRmosavluri eklesia antioqiis iurisdiqciis
qveS warmoadgines.
maSasadame, qarTuli eklesia, Tavdapirvelad Camoyalibda msgavsad
romauli provinciuli eklesiisa anu berZnuli `samitropolito olqisa~,
erTi saeklesio pirvelierarqiT, romelsac uSualod eqvemdebarebodnen
episkoposebi. mis meTaurs uwodebdnen `mTavarepiskoposs~, Semdeg ki mezobeli
eklesiebis meTaurTa darad `kaTalikoss~, Tumca saxelebis SecvliT eklesiis
kanonikuri ierarqiuli wyobis saxe ar Secvlila. igi CamoyalibebisTanave
avtokefaluri unda yofiliyo, iseve rogorc provinciuli eklesiebi da
samitropolito olqebi Camoyalibebis xanaSi IV s. dasawyisSi nikeis krebamde.
b.
saarqiepiskoposo.
rogorc
aRiniSna,
arqiepiskoposis
tituliT
ixseniebdnen avtokefaluri eklesiebis meTaurebs. arqiepiskoposis tituliT
msoflio eklesiis upirvelesi patriarqebi ixsenebdnen qarTuli eklesiis
meTaurebs, rogorc qarTlis anu `zemo iveriis~, aseve afxazeTis anu `qvemo
iveriis~ kaTalikosebs, maT garda kviprosis eklesiis pirvelepiskoposs, axali
iustinianis episkoposs, mis memkvidre oxridis saarqiepiskoposos meTurs,
amJamad ki eladisa da albaneTis eklesiebis meTaurebs. dasavleTis eklesiaSi
`arqiepiskoposi~ gaxda mitropolitTa tituli. amis msgavsad, radganac
Tavdapirvelad, formirebis dros qarTuli eklesia mowyobili iqna, rogorc
samitropolito
olqi,
SesaZlebelia
vifiqroT,
rom
mis
meTaursac
arqiepiskoposis anu mTvarepiskoposis titulic mieniWa, yovel SemTxvevaSi
`moqcevai qarTlisais~ mixedviT IV saukunis pirvel naxevarSive qarTlis
pirvel episkopos ioanesac da mis Semdeg yvela meTaurs qarTuli eklesiisa
mTavarepiskopisis tituli hqonda. aq unda gaviTvaliswinoT isic, rom
bizantiur samyaroSi arqiepiskoposis titulma miiRo kidev erTi mimarTuleba,
arqiepiskoposebad daiwyes titulireba im episkoposebisa, romelTa samwyso
moqceuli iyo samitropolito olqis teritoriaze da miuxedavad amisa,
avtokefalurni iyvnen mitropolitis mimarT (imyofebodnen patriarqis
iurisdiqciaSi)19. Cans am momentsac upovnia Tavis gamoZaxili qarTul
eklesiaSi, oRond kaTalikosobis dawesebis Semdeg. rogorc aRiniSna.
kaTalikosobis dawesebamde (V s. 60-70-iani wlebi) Cveni eklesiis meTaurs
hqonda mTavarepiskoposis tituli, magram kaTalikosobis dawesebis Semdeg,
miuxedavad imisa, rom CvenSi mravali saepiskoposo iyo, mTavarepiskoposis
tituli hqonda mxolod mcxeTis samTavros episkoposs. rogorc Cans, mas

gaaCnda garkveuli avtonomiuri uflebebi, sxva episkoposebTan SedarebiT.

kaTalikosobis dawesebis Semdeg rogorc qarTul, ise somxur wyaroebSi
naxsenebi `mTavarepiskoposi~ anu `sefesaxlis episkoposi~, rogorc aRvniSneT,
gulisxmobs mcxeTis samTavros episkoposs, mas gaaCnda didi privilegiebi,
pirvelad
moixsenieboda
kaTalikosis
Semdeg,
amasTanave
mas
Tavis
iurisdiqciaSi hyavda samwyso dasavleT saqarTveloSic ki (es iyo istoriuli
provincia `vake~) Tanaxmad vaxuSti batoniSvilisa.
erTi qalaqis, Tanac dedaqalaqis (mcxeTis) teritoriaze ori episkoposis
yofna, rac TavisTavad saeklesio kanonebis moTxovnaTa darRvevaa, miuTiTebs
mis Sesaxeb, rom mcxeTaSi kaTalikosis gverdiT samTavarepiskoposo kaTedris
arseboba warmoadgenda istoriuli procesis Sedegs. unda vifiqroT, rom
mcxeTaSi kaTalikosis kaTedris daarsebisas, qarTlis mefem, Cans, ver SeZlo
ukve arsebuli qarTlis mTavarepiskoposis kaTedris gauqmeba, marTalia,
TviTon bolo mTavarepiskoposi miqaeli gaZevebul iqna qveynidan mefis
SeuracxyofisaTvis, magram, rogorc Cans, mcxeTis samTavarepiskoposo kaTedra
darCenila. amiT unda iyos gamowveuli: a) am ambavTan axlos mdgom somxur
wyaroebSi samTavros mTavarepiskoposis - `sefesaxlis episkoposis~ moxseneba
(ix. epistoleTa wigni) da b) is, rom, rogorc aRvniSneT, mTavarepiskoposis
iurisdiqciaSi darCenilia dasavleT saqarTvelos mrevlis nawili. dasavleT
saqarTvelos mrevli IV-V ss-Si, rogorc es Cvens mier aris garkveuli,
eqvemdebareboda qarTlis eklesiis meTaurs, Cans kaTalikosobis SemoRebis
Semdeg am mrevlis erTi nawili kvlavindeburad darCa mTavarepiskoposis
iurisdiqciaSi.
toponimi
`samTavro~
warmoSobila
sityva
`mTavarepiskoposidan~ da es saxeli samTavarepiskoposo sakaTedro taZars
uwodes. mas, rogorc Cans, SenarCunebuli hqonda raRac TavisTavadobis
niSnebi, yovel SemTxvevaSi, misi samwyso moqceuli iyo sakaTalikoso olqis
teritoriaze. maSasadame qarTlis mTavarepiskoposi, cxadia, saerTod qarTlis
kaTalikosis administraciuli Zalauflebis qveS iyo, magram, Cans, ufro
naklebad vidre sxva episkoposebi, mas meti privilegiebi gaaCnda. sefe anu
samefo saxlis episkoposi iyo. rogorc Cans ase iyo V-VII saukuneebSi,
garkveul dromde.
saerTod,
unda
vifiqroT,
rom
termin
`kaTalikosis~
warmoSoba
dakavSirebuli
unda
iyos
aRmosavleTis
eklesiebSi
saegzarqosoebis
warmoSobasTan IV-V saukuneTa mijnaze. Tavdapirvelad egzarqosi erqva
saxelmwifo Tanamdebobis mqone pirs (laTinurad vikari), romelic iyo
romis imperiaSi erT-erTi diocezis samoqalaqo meTauri. rogorc aRiniSna,
diocezTa msxvil administraciul erTeulTa Seqmnis kvaldakval romis
imperiaSi msxvildeboda saeklesio erTeulebic ise, rom saeklesio erTeulTa
iurisdiqciis sazRvari damTxveoda samoqalaqo administraciuls. diocezi
Seicavda ramdenime provincias, yofili samitropolito (saepiskoposo)
erTeulTa xarjze diocezis sazRvrebis SigniT yalibdeboda adgilobrivi
eklesia, romlis sazRvrebi emTxveoda diocezis sazRvrebs. Tavis mxriv am
diocezTa gaerTianebis Semdeg gaerTianebuli eklesiis gamge episkoposs
ewoda `egzarqosi~, zogjer aseTi diocezebis eklesiebi prefeqturaSic
erTiandebodnen, mis gamge episkopossac igive saxeli erqva.
`egzarqosi~, rogorc aRvniSneT, sazogadod saxelmwifo Tanamdebobis
saero pirs erqva, ufro metad diocezis meTaurs, Semdeg ki mis Sesabamisad
diocezis saeklesio gamgesac daerqva, amitomac es termini gamoiyeneboda

imperiis SigniT gaerTianebuli eklesiis meTaurebis mimarT, magram eklesiaTa

gaerTianeba, gamsxvileba, centralizacia xdeboda imperiis gareTac, sadac
arc diocezebi iyo da Sesabamisad arc `egzarqosis~ tituli SeiZleboda rom
yofiliyo. amitomac unda vifiqroT, rom imperiis gareT gaerTianebul
eklesiaTa meTaurebs miakuTvnes isev berZnuli, imave ideis gamomxatveli,
magram sxva tituli `kaTalikosi~.
`kaTalikosi~ berZnuli sityvaa da `sayovelTaos~ niSnavs, maSasadame
kaTalikosi aris sayovelTao episkoposi mTel garkveul teritoriaze.
saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos Seqmnis win marTlac gafarTovda qarTuli
eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi, radganac mematianis sityviT gafarTovda
TviT qarTlis samefos teritoria, kerZod, vaxtang gorgasalma qveyanas
daubruna uzarmazari teritoria - `klarjeTi~, romelsac Semdgom mesxeTi
ewoda, es iyo TiTqmis mesamedi saxelmwifosi, agreTve saxelmwifos
SemadgenlobaSi Sevida teritoria mdinare egriswylidan mdinare klisuramde,
anu Savi zRvispireTis momcveli aseve uzarmazari mxare. saqme is iyo, rom
vaxtangis bavSvobisas berZnebma, mematianes sityviT, qarTul samefos CamoaWres
kuTvnili teritoria saxelmwifo sazRvarze gamaval mdinare egriswylidan
vidre cixe-gojamde. vaxtangma, rogorc cnobilia, berZnebTan gamarjvebaTa
Semdgom daibruna es teritoria, da masTan erTad mis meuRles imperatoris
asuls, mziTvis saxiT Tan mohyva teritoria mdinare egriswylidan mdinare
klisuramde. aseve sparselebTan gamarjvebis Semdeg albaT aRmosavleT
saqarTveloc ufro gafarTovda, berZenTa mpyrobelobis dros rogorc
klarjeTSi, ise Savi zRvispireTSi unda yofiliyo saepiskoposo kaTedrebi,
radganac es vrceli regionebi mxurvale qristianebiT iyvnen dasaxlebulni.
vaxtangis mier kaTalikosobis dawesebisas, rogorc Cans miRebuli iqna
dadgenileba rom mcxeTis pirveli ierarqi yofiliyo `sayovelTao~ episkoposi
qveynis ara mxolod Zveli nawilisa, aramed axlad SemoerTebuli mxareebis
qristianebisa da maTi saepiskoposo kaTedrebisa (iqamdec rom qveyanaSi
mravali saepiskoposo kaTedra arsebobda, naTqvamia Cveni wignis I tomSi).
maSasadame, `kaTalikosi~, rogorc Cans, bizantiis imperiis gareT didi
mxareebis
anda
qveynis
eklesiaTa
gaerTianebis
Semdgom
warmoqmnil
centralizebul eklesiaTa mmarTvelebs uwodes.
v.cipinis Tanaxmad,
`egzarqosi~, viTarca ierarqi, pirvelad moixsenieba
qalkedonis krebis me-9 kanonSi. am kanonis ZvelqarTul TargmanSi mis
nacvlad gamoiyeneba termini `zedamxedveli~20, `zedamxedveli~ axloa
Sinaarsobrivi gagebiT `kaTalikosTan~ (misi Tavdapirveli mniSvnelobiT).
axalqarTul TargmanSi mas ewodeba `egzarqosi (patriarqi)~21.
ZvelqarTuli terminologia administraciuli erTeulebisa da maTi
meTaurebisa aseTia did mxares (diocezs an prefeqturas) ewodeba `gansagebeli~, mis saeklesio meTaurs `zedamxedveli~. `samTavro~ zogjer
avtokefalur saeklesio erTeulsac ewodeba, magaliTad kviprosis eklesia `samTavroa~22. rogorc aRniSnuli gvaqvs II tomSi. afxazeTis sakaTalikosos
misi warmoqmnis Semdeg `samTavro~ ewoda (eklesiuri gagebiT), Tamaris
istorikosisaTvis qarTlisa da afxazeTis sakaTalikosoebi oriveni
`samTavroebi~ arian. Tamarma saeklesio krebis dros moiwvia `orive
samTavrosa~ da `Svidi samefos~ xelisufalni e.i. afxazeTisa da qarTlis
sakaTaliksoebis sasuliero mTavroba da saxelmwifo administraciul-

politikuri erTeulebis meTaurebi. es momenti imiTaa aRsaniSnavi, rom didi

sjuliskanonSi `mTavari~ zogjer `eparqozs~, prefeqtsa da magistrsac
(imperiaSi marTlmsajulebis umaRles warmomadgenels) ewodeba. amitomac unda
vifiqroT, rom radganac Cveni sakaTalikosoebi `samTavroebia~, misi
xelisufalni ki mTavarni ucxoeTSi ki amave terminiT egzarqosic
moixsenieba,
SesaZloa
termini
`kaTalikosi~
Canacvlebaa
terminisa
`egzarqosi~. saeklesio egzarqosebs Semdgom imperiaSi patriarqebi ewodaT.
aRsaniSnavia, rom msoflio eklesiis istoriis garijraJze arsebul yofil
provinciebs: palestinas, mesopotamias, kilikias, isavrias, finikias `samTavroebi~ ewodebaT qarTuli `didi sjuliskanonis~ mixedviT, 344 wlis
antioqiis adgilobrivi krebis gadmocemisas. am `samTavroTa~ momcvel
eklesiebs jer kidev gaaCndaT TavisTavadoba avtokefalobis garkveuli
niSnebi im droisaTvis.
mcire
eklesiaTa
gaerTianebis
Semdeg
zogierTi
saegzarqoso
(aleqsandriisa, antioqiisa) sapatriarqoebad gadaiqcnen, xolo sxvebi,
romelTa meTaurebi `egzarqosebad~ iwodebodnen pontosi, asiisa (aziisa) da
Trakiisa gaerTiandnen da Seadgines axalwarmoqmnili konstantinopolis
sapatriarqo23.
saqarTvelos eklesiam `egzarqosis~ tituli ar Semoinaxa albaT
karTagenis krebis 39 (48) kanonis Sesabamisad, sadac miRebulia dadgenileba
`raTa episkopossa pirvelisa saydrisa ara ewodebodes uxucesi da
zedamdgomeli mRvdelTai~24. rusul TargmanSi `uxucesisa da zedamdgomelis~
adgilzea `egzarqosi~. am kanoniT `egzarqosis~ wodeba aikrZala. bizantiaSi,
rogorc iTqva, zogierTi saegzarqoso sapatriarqod gadaiqca. dasavleTis
eklesiaSi egzarqoss primasi uwodes23, saqarTveloSi ki, rogorc Cans,
egzarqoss kaTalikosi uwodes. sazogadod istoriulad egzarqosis
titulma dakarga Tavisi Tavdapirveli mniSvneloba.
balsamoni wers: `egzarqosis upiratesobas axla ara aqvs moqmedeba. magram
zogierTi
mitropoliti
wodebula
egzarqosad,
Tumca
ara
hyavT
daqvemdebarebuli
sxva
mitropolitebi...~25.
qarTlisa
da
afxazeTis
kaTalikosebs,
aseve
ar
gaaCndaT
TavianTi
daqvemdebarebis
qveS
samitropolitoebi (berZnuli saeklesio samarTlis normis Sesabamisi
mniSvnelobiT), aramed mxolod episkoposebi. berZnuli samitropolito
Sedgeboda mitropolitis iurisdiqciis qveS myofi saepiskoposoebisagan. Tavis
mxriv es samitropolitoebi iyvnen patriarqis an sxva pirvel mRvdelmTavris
qveS. bizantiaSi, ase vTqvaT, sam safexurovani ierarqiuli kibe arsebobda
patriarqs
mitropolitebi
eqvemdenarebodnen,
xolo
mitropolits
ki
episkoposebi. qarTlisa da afxazeTis eklesiebSi aseTi daqvemdebareba ar
arsebobda, rogorc aRiniSna aq ierarqiuli kibis mxolod ori safexuri
iyo. kaTalikoss episkoposebi uSualod eqvemdenarebodnen, Sua rgoli
mitropoliti Tavis qvemdebare episkoposebiT ar arsebobda, saqme is iyo, rom
sakaTalikosoebi TviTve iyvnen `berZnuli~ samitropolito olqebi.
rogorc iTqva, qarTuli eklesia IV-VII saukuneebSi arsebobda rogorc
erTi samitropolito olqi, anu sakaTalikoso, `qarTlis kaTalikosis~
meTaurobiT, es emsgavseboda berZnuli samitropolito olqis meTaurs
qvemdebare episkoposebiT, Tumca qarTvel kaTalikoss ar hyavda zemdgomi
patriarqi da TviT kaTalikosi warmoadgenda `mamamTavars~ Tavisi eklesiisa,

aseve uwodebs kidec mas `moqcevai qarTlisai~. qarTlis sakaTalikoso,

rogorc iTqva, IV-VI ss-Si Tavis iurisdiqciaSi moicavda Tanamedrove
saqarTvelos TiTqmis mTel teritorias. viTareba Seicvala VII s. 20-ani
wlebidan, rac herakle keisarma dasavleT saqarTvelos SavizRvispira
teritoria Seiyvana bizantiis imperiis uSualo SemadgenlobaSi, vidre e.w.
skanda-Sorapanis
xazamde.
amis
Semdeg,
am
teritoriaze
qarTlis
sakaTalokosos nacvlad konstantinopolis sapatriarqom ganaxorciela
Tavisi iurisdiqcia. VIII saukunisaTvis am teritoriaze arsebuli eklesia
gaTavisuflda konstantinopolis iurisdiqciisagan da misi avtokefalia cnes
sxva bizantiurma eklesiebma, ase Camoyalibda meore qarTuli samitropolito
olqi (sakaTalikoso) - afxazeTis kaTalikosis meTaurobiT. amis gamo, VIII sdan
qarTul
eklesiaSi
vidre
TiTqmis
XIX
s-mde
arsebobda
ori
samitropolito olqi, anu ori sakaTalikoso - qarTlisa da afxazeTisa. XI sSi mcxeTis kaTalikoss mieniWa patriarqis tituli. erTiani saqarTvelos
dauZlurebis Jams, XV s-dan patriarqis tituli da, Cans, mironis kurTxevis
uflebac, miiniWa afxazeTis kaTalikosma, amave saukuneSi, Cans, Camoyalibda
axali samitropolito olqi - xunZeTis sakaTalikoso, Semadgeneli nawili
saqarTvelos sapatriarqosi, rogorc iTqva, TiTqosda amas unda migviTiTebdes
sinas mTis xelnawerSi `xunZeli kaTalikos oqropiris~ moxsenieba. mis
xelqveiT SesaZloa moqceuli iyo Crdilo kavkasiaSi mdebare qarTuli
saepiskoposoebi
(daRestanSi),
XIV
saukunidan
mesxeTSi
mawyverelma
episkoposma
gamoamJRavna
miswrafeba
gadaeqcia
mesxeTis
eklesia
samitropolito olqad. zogjer adgilobrivi xelisuflebis daxmarebiT
mawyvereli aRwevda Tavis mizans. mcxeTis kaTalikosis uflebamosileba
mesxeTSi mcirdeboda. XVII s-is Semdeg alaverdelma episkoposmac gamoamJRavna
miswrafeba kaxeTis samefos episkoposebi moeqcia Tavisi iurisdiqciis qveS,
romelic waawyda mcxeTis did winaaRmdegobas da es mcdeloba CaaxSo anton Ima. n. maris azriT, somxeTSi arsebobda marTlmadidebluri samitropolito,
romelic emorCileboda mcxeTas, somxeTis mTavr qalaqebSi mravali qarTuli
saepiskopo arsebobda, magram isini, Cans, uSualod eqvemdebarebodnen mcxeTis
kaTalikoss. avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdeg qarTuli eklesia kvlav iseve
Camoyalibda, rogori saxec hqonda mas IV-V saukuneebSi, kerZod erTi
mamamTavriT, romelsac uSualod eqvemdebarebian saqarTvelos episkoposebi
Sualeduri samitropolito olqebis gareSe.
isicaa savaraudo, rom samitropolito olqi garkveuli wyvetilebiT V
saukunemdec da am saukuneSic arsebobda qvemo qarTlSi e.w. `gugarqSi~.
`SuSanikis wamebaSi~, rogorc Cans, bolnel episkopos samoels `episkoposTa
Tavi~ ewodeba. am varaudis daSvebis uflebas iZleva is, rom qarTli
ZvelTaganve xSirad gayofili iyo or samefod, rogorc cnobilia, mcxeTaSi
mjdom mefes eqvemdebareboda mtkvris marcxena sanapiro qveynebi, xolo
armazSi mjdom mefes mtkvris marjvena sanapiro qveynebi. armazel mefeebs
gaqristianebis Semdeg rezidencia bolnisSi gadautaniaT, rac bolnisis
didebuli taZris agebiTac aRiniSna. Cans, vaxtang gorgasalis saeklesio
reformamde (da albaT inerciiT mcire xniT mis Semdegac) qvemo qarTlSi
mcxeTis
mefisagan
damoukideblobis
epoqaSi
arsebobda
saeklesio
samitropolito olqis arsebobisaTvis saTanado politikuri pirobebi. qveynis
gaerTianebis Semdeg, e.i. V s-Si, cxadia, qarTlis sakaTalikosos daarsebis
Semdeg, kaTalikosi gaxda `sayovelTao~ episkoposi `yovlisa qarTlisa~, e.i.

qveynisa, romlis iurisdiqcia wyaroTa dabejiTebuli cnobiT vrceldeboda

Sav zRvamde da mdinare egriswylamde, Semdeg ki mdinare klisuramde.

2. patriarqi
msoflio sapatriarqoebi warmoiqmna saeklesio centralizaciis Sedegad,
patara provinciuli TavisTavadi eklesiebis gaerTianebiT romis imperiis
administraciuli dayofis Sesabamisad26. cnobili kanonisti, sardeli
mitropoliti maqsime werda: `yvela egzarqosi ar atarebda patriarqis
tituls, aramed mxolod isini, romelnic meTaurobdnen umTavres diocezebs
da amavdroulad warmoadgendnen umniSvnelovanesi qalaqebis episkoposebs. es
qalaqebi iyvnen politikuri centrebi anda gamoirCeodnen istoriuli
mogonebebiT, rogorc, magaliTad, ierusalimis episkoposi~27.
Zvelad
patriarqebi,
rogorc
cnobilia,
iyvnen
xuTni:
romis,
konstantinopolis,
aleqsandriis,
antioqiisa
da
ierusalimis,
magram
Tavdapirvelad am eklesiebis episkoposebi iwodebodnen ara patriarqebad,
aramed arqiepiskoposebad: aleqsandrieli episkoposi IV s. pirveli naxevridan,
romisa II naxevridan, qalkedonis krebis epoqaSi jer kdev ar arsebobda
`patriarqis~ pativi, yovel SemTvevaSi igi ar moixeneba am krebis kanonebSi.
patriarqis tituli gavrcelda VI saukuneSi (iqve, gv. 144).
sainteresoa, rom imave azrisaa somxuri istoriografia I aTaswleulisa,
magaliTad, uxtanesi da sxvebi. movses kalankatuaci patriarqis titulis
SemoRebasTan dakavSirebiT werda: `berZnebma Tqves, RmerTma daawesa cxra
xarisxi eklesiaSi, rogorc zeviT zecaSio, aseve unda iyos aqac, dedamiwaze
da saydarSi. patriarqi, romelic igive mamamTavaria, arqiepiskoposi, romelsac
episkoposTa
Tavs
uwodeben,
mitropolitebi,
episkoposebi,
mRvdlebi,
arqidiakvnebi, diakvnebi, wignis mkiTxvelebi, mefsalmuneni... patriarqni
mxolod oTxni iyvnen qveyanaze: aleqsandriisa markozis saydari, antioqiisa
maTesi, romisa lukasi da efesosi ioanesi... iustinianem Tavis gamefebis
Tanave wmida ioane maxareblis nawilebi konstantinopolSi gadaitana, da iq
samamamTavro taxti daawesa. ZiriTadi taxti ki efesoSi darCa. agreTve maTes
nawilebi antioqiidan ierusalimSi iqna gadatanili. Tan ambobda - `es qalaqi
didi mefis qalaqiao~, ZiriTadi taxti isev antioqiaSi datova. maSin aRiZrnen
erTianad gulzviadni da sadac ki aRsrulebulni iyvnen mociqulni, yvela
taxti sapatriaqod aRiares~28.
rogorc
aRniSnuli
iyo,
sapatriarqoebi
warmoiqmna
eklesiebis
centralizaciis Sedegad. saeklesio centralizaciis procesi iqiTken iyo
mimarTuli,
rom
moeyvanaT
saeklesio
organizacia
imperiis
axal
administraciul dayofasTan SesabamisobaSi, romelic Camoyalibda IV
aswleulSi. maSasadame normalur viTarebaSi provinciaTa eklesiebi unda
SeerTebuliyvnen diocezur eklesiebSi, Tavis mxriv ki diocezuri eklesiebi
unda gaerTianebuliyvnen prefeqturaTa eklesiebSi, maSasadame saboloo jamSi
unda Camoyalibebuliyo oTxi didi eklesia romis imperiis prefeqturaTa
ricxvis Sesabamisad. es procesi aseTi saxiT ganviTardeboda, magram misi
mimarTuleba Secvala imperiis dedaqalaqebis gavleniani saepiskoposoebis
arsebobam. sabolood aRmosavleTSi dedaqalaqebis garSemo gaerTianda

diocezebis eklesiebi. movses kalankatuacis mier naxsenebi sapatriarqoebis

centrebi imave dros iyvnen diocezebis centrebi aleqsandria iyo
dedaqalaqi
egviptisa
`aRmosavleTis~
prefeqturaSi,
antioqia
iyo
`aRmosavleTis~ diocezis dedaqalaqi imave `aRmosavleTis~ pefeqturaSi,
efeso iyo `aziis~ diocezis dedaqalaqi aseve `aRmosavleTis~ prefeqturaSi.
amitomac ijda movses kalankatuacis aRweriT patriarqi efesoSi. amave dros,
am dedaqalaqebis saeklesio avtoriteti Seqmnili iyo iq moRvawe da
dakrZaluli mociqulebis mier. kerZod, efesos saeklesio avtoriteti
Seqmnili iyo mociqul ioanes saflaviT, romelic am qalaqSi mdebareobda, VI
s-Si, konstantinopolis episkoposis pativis gazrdis mizniT, rogorc movses
kalankatuaci aRniSnavs, efesodan mociqulis nawilebi konstantinopolSi
gadautaniaT da amis gamo konstantinopolis episkoposisaTvis patriaqris
pativi miuniWebiaT. aseve, antioqiidan ierusalimSi mociqul maTes nawilebi
gadausvenebiaT iqac amis gamo sapatriarqo dauarsebiaT. somxuri
istoriografiis Tanaxmad, asea Camoyalibebuli 5 sapatriarqo romis,
aleqsandriis, antioqiis, konstantinopolisa da ierusalimisa, SemdegSi,
rogorc iTqva, yvela TavisTavadi eklesiis meTaurs, sadac mociquli iyo
dasvenebuli Tavisi Tavi patriarqad gamoucxadebia. es azri eTanxmeba
dReisaTvis miRebuls, rom sapatriarqo pativi pirvelad gamoCnda VI
saukuneSi.
kanonikur krebulSi pirvelad patriarqobis titulis ASesaxeb naTqvamia
trulis krebis kanonebSi, mas Seexeba me-7 kanoni,
amave
droidan
`arqiepiskoposis tituliT ixseniebian avtokefaluri eklesiebis meTaurebi~29.
konstantinopolis saeklesio aRmavloba daiwyo IV saukunidanve, radgan igi
iyo `qalaqi mefisa da senatisa~ da didxans gagrZelda, sami avtokefaluri
diocezis gaerTianebiTa da sapatriarqo saydris daarsebiT dasrulda. jer
kidev II msoflio krebam daadgina: `dae hqondes konstantinopolis episkoposs
pativis upiratesoba romis eklesiis darad, rameTu es qalaqi aris axali
romi~ (me-3 kan.). IV msoflio krebam konstantinopolis episkoposis
iurisdiqciaSi Seiyvana Trakiis garda, agreTve asiisa da pontos diocezebi
(kan. 28). imperiis laTinur nawilSi romis episkoposis xelisufleba
gavrcelda Tavdapirvelad italiaze (ravenasa da milanis eklesiebis garda),
xolo Semdeg mTel dasavleTze30.
aqedan Cans, rom qarTuli eklesiis Camoyalibebis epoqaSi e.i. IV s. 10-20-ian
wlebSi, arc erTi dedaqalqis iurisdiqcia ar vrceldeboda masStabur
teritoriaze, TviT romis Zalaufleba mTel italiaze ar vrceldeboda, aseve
TandaTan gavrcelda yvela episkoposis iurisdiqcia mezobel provinciebze,
maS rogorRa hyavda IV s. dasawyisSi antioqiis episkoposs (da ara patriarqs)
Tavis iurisdiaqciaSi misgan aTasobiT kilometriT daSorebuli saqarTvelo?
miT umetes, rom antioqiasa da saqarTvelos Soris im droisaTvis pontos
avtokefaluri eklesia imyofeboda? legenda qarTuli eklesiis antioqiis
iurisdiqciaSi Tavdapirveladve yofnis Sesaxeb gamowveuli unda yofiliyo,
rogorc aRiniSna diocezisa da prefeqturis `aRmosavleTis~ Tavdapirveli
mniSvnelobis daviwyebiT (es igivea, rom diocez `azias~ miaweron TiTqosda
igi eklesiurad mTel azias moicavda), xolo rac Seexeba konstantinopols,
vaxuStis TqmiT, qarTuli eklesia am qalaqis daarsebamde Camoyalibda.

v.cipinis azriT, IX s-Si Camoyalibda Taviseburi swavleba pentarqiis

Sesaxeb, rom TiTqosda msoflio eklesiaSi unda iyos mxolod xuTi patriarqi
(iseve, rogorc aris mxolod 5 grZnoba) da mTeli msoflio unda iyos
gayofili maT Soris. `pentarqiis~ Teorias icavda antioqiis patriarqi petre,
misi gansja am saganze Setanili iqna stefane efeselis `sinopsisSi~. am dros
unda
Camoyalibebuliyo
swavleba
qarTuli
eklesiis
antioqiisadmi
daqvemdebarebis Sesaxeb. IX s-Si msoflio eklesiaTa am `gayofis~ dros albaT
qarTul eklesiaze pretenzia antioqiam ganacxada. pentarqiis Teorias v.cipini
`kuriozuls~ uwodebs da acxadebs, rom jer kidev III msoflio krebam me-8
kanoniT `araviTari saeklesio safuZveli ar datova swavlebisa xuTi pirveli
patriarqis upiratesobis Sesaxeb qristianul msoflioSi, piriqiT, daicva
patara kviprosis eklesiis avtokefalia antioqiisagan31.
miuxedavad amisa, pirveli aTaswleulis bolos mainc Camoyalibda
pentarqiis Teoria, da amave dros unda gaCeniliyo am Teoriidan gamomdinare,
antioqiis pretenziebi qarTuli eklesiis mimarT, rac albaT gamoixata raRac
`mamtkicebeli~ cnobebis SeTxzviT, romelnic miamitma qarTvelebma, rogorc
nikoloz gulaberisZe uwodebs, gadmoTargmnes qarTulad da aTaswleulis
manZilze WeSmaritebad miiCnies, unda aRiniSnos, rom XIII s. dasawyisSi
saqarTvelos patriarqi erTi mxriv aRiarebs 5 msoflio patriarqis arsebobas,
magram, radganac saqarTvelos sapatriarqos arseboba ukve istoriuli faqti
iyo, miiCnevs, rom igi aris meeqvse msoflio patriarqi. ase Sedga qarTuli
diptixi. sazogadod ki, Tanamedrove msoflio saeklesio kanonistebis mier
miCneulia, rom `pentarqiis~ Teoria moklebulia, rogorc kanonikur, ise
istoriul safuZvlebs, magram man misca SemdgomSi berZen-filetistebs ()
safuZveli,
rom
saeklesio
hegemonia
ganexorcielebinaT
araberZnuli marTlmadidebeli eklesiebis mimarT. tendencia, gamoxatuli am
TeoriaSi dResac arsebobs. es garemoeba SeiZleba gaxdes mizezi urTierTobis
garTulebisa patriarqTa da adgilobriv eklesiaTa Soris, romelTac
avtokefalia miiRes meore aTaswleulSi~32.
rogorc
aRiniSna,
somxuri
da
zogierTi
sxva
eklesiis
azriT
konstantinopolisa da ierusalimis episkoposebma `ukanonod~ miisakuTres
`patriarqis~ pativi. maT es pativi miiRes mis Semdeg rac mociqulebis wminda
nawilebi gadaitanes konstantinopolsa (wm. ioane RvTismetyvelisa) da
ierusalimSi (wm. maTe maxareblisa). v. cipinis azriT nikeis krebam mianiWa
palestinaSi pirvelobis pativi elias ierusalimis episkoposs `yvela
eklesiaTa
dedas~
(me-7
kan.),
aman
sabolood
igi
miiyvana
srul
33
TavisTavadobamde da avtokefaliamde . sityva patriarqi ara saeklesio
pativis, aramed fiqsirebuli mniSvnelobis gareSe gamoiyeneboda IV s.
dasasrulidan. somxur wyaroTa Tanaxmad, patriarqis pativiT ukve VI
saukunidan moixsenieboda
somxeTisa da albaneTis kaTalikosebi. qarTul
wyaroTa Tanaxmad VI msoflio krebis gadawyvetilebiT qarTlis kaTalikoss
mieniWa patriarqad wodebis pativi.
Cvens eklesiaSi miRebuli azris Tanaxmad saqarTvelos eklesiis meTaurs
patriarqad wodebis Rirseba miuRia VII saukuneSi 681 wels Catarebul
msoflio krebaze, amis Sesaxeb Cven vrclad gvaqvs gamokvleva `saqarTvelos
samociqulo eklesiis istoriis II tomSi34, amitom maT aRar SevCerdebiT. X s.
bolosa da XI s. dasawyisSi qarTuli saxelmwifoebrivi erTeulebis

gaerTianebis Sedegad warmoqmnil saqarTvelos saxelmwifoSi Camoyalibda

saqarTvelos
sapatriarqo,
mis
meTaurs,
ueWvelad
gaaCnda
tituli
`patriarqisa~, rogorc epigrafikuli, ise sxva uamravi cnobis Sesabamisad. Tu
meSvide saukunis Semdeg dampyrobelTa agresiis Sedegad Cveni eklesiis
meTauris maRali tituli `patriarqisa~ miviwyebul iqna, XI saukunidan es
tituli damkvidrda dRemde, Tumca ki es oficialurad mxolod XX s. 90-ian
wlebSi aRiara konstantinopolis sapatriarqom. saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi
Sedioda ori saeklesio samTavro anu berZnuli samitropolito olqis
msgavsi erTeuli afxazeTis sakaTalikoso da qarTlis sakaTalikoso. am
ukanasknelis meTauri iwodeboda `uxuces~ kaTalikosad `umrwmes~ afxazeTis
kaTalikosTan SefasebiT, es imiT unda yofiliyo gamowveuli, rom
saqarTvelos patriarqad rogorc wesi, yovelTvis irCevdnen qarTlis
kaTalikoss. maSasadame, qarTlis kaTalikosi warmoadgenda saqarTvelos
patriarqs da igi iwodeboda ase: `yovlisa saqarTvelosa patriarqi,
kaTalikosi qarTlisa~35.
erTiani saqarTvelos saxelmwifos kuTxur erTeulebad daSlam xeli
Seuwyo imas, rom XV s. Semdeg `patriarqis~ tituli miisakuTra afxazeTis
kaTalikosmac. rogorc Cven garkveuli gvaqvs, imJamad, afxazeTis kaTalikoss,
gasCenia survili sruliad saqarTvelos patriarqad warmoesaxa Tavisi Tavi,
mag.: afxazeTis XVIII s. kaTalikosi grigoli, Tavis Tavs sruliad
saqarTvelos patriarqad acxadebda. msgavsi politikuri survili regionul
mefeebsac gaaCndaT, im epoqaSi, marTlac, imereTisa da kaxeTis mefeebic
sruliad saqarTvelos mefeebad warmosaxavdnen TavianT Tavs (ix. iqve, t. III).
imereTis anu afxazeTis bolo saeklesio meTaurma sakaTalikozo taxtis
mpyrobelma dosiTeos quTaTelma Segnebulad uari ganacxada ara mxolod
patriarqis, aramed kaTalikosis titulebzec qarTlis sakaTalikoso eklesiis
meTauris sasargeblod, es gamowveuli iyo imereTis umaRles xelisufalTa
surviliT gaeerTianebinaT saqarTvelo Aara mxolod politikurad, aramed
eklesiuradac XVIII s. bolos. rogorc kaTalikosobis, aseve patriarqobis
maRali xarisxi aRadgina avtokefaliis aRdgenis Semdgom pirvelma saeklesio
krebam 1917 wlis seqtembris TveSi. saqarTvelos patriarqi yovelTvis Tavis
Tavs VI adgilze ayenebda xuTi msoflio `patriarqis~ Semdeg. msoflio
marTlmadideblobidan romis gasvlisa da ruseTis eklesiis meTaurisaTvis
patriarqis titulis miniWebis Semdeg saqarTvelos eklesiis meTauri Tavis
Tavs kvlav VI adgilze ayenebs msoflio marTlmadideblur diptixSi ruseTis
patriarqis Semdeg.

3. qorepiskoposi
pirveli qristianuli Temebi qalaqebSi daarsda. qalaqebis gareT
Tavdapirvelad Zalze mcire raodenobis qristianebi cxovrobdnen, isinic
qalaqebis kedlebTan axlos. TandaTanobiT aseT soflur adgilebSi
qristinebis ricxvma moimata, magram maT uWirdaT qalaqis eklesiaSi sakvirao
RvTismsaxurebaSi monawileoba. am moSorebuli adgilebis saWirobisaTvis
iniSnebodnen qorespiskoposebi, sityvasityviT niSnavs qveynis (berZnulad
`qora~) episkoposs - meTvalyures, zedamxedvels qveynisa, saqarTveloSi

Tavdapirvelad, Cans, igi xelmZRvanelobda aracentraluri, ganapira mxareebis

(qveynebis) eklesiebs, moipova mniSvnelovani wona sasuliero ierarqiaSi,
radganac saqarTveloSi qalaqebis ricxvi Zalze mcire iyo, mosaxleobis
umravlesoba soflebSi cxovrobda.
qorepiskoposis
instituti
qarTul
eklesiaSi
mniSvnelovnad
gansxvavdeboda bizantiurisagan. saqme isaa, rom msoflio eklesiaSi
qorepiskoposis instituti moispo IV s-is bolos, xolo qarTul eklesiaSi
igi arsebobda Zalian didxans. magaliTad, svaneTSi XIV saukuneSic ki
iniSneboda caiSeli episkoposis ori qorepiskoposi, maT iq mniSvnelovani
socialuri sayrdeni gaaCndaT.
msoflio eklesiaSi TandaTan qorepiskoposTa institutma daiwyo Tavisi
mniSvnelobis dakargva, sanam sabolood qorepiskoposebi ar Seicvalnen
`periodevtebiT~, `mimomxilvelebiT~, `mimomvlelniT~ ukve IV saukuneSive.
ankiriis krebam Tavis me-13 kanoniT qorepiskoposs aukrZala mRvdlis an
diakvnis xeldasxma episkoposis nebarTvis gareSe. neokesariis krebis me-14
kanoniT qorepiskoposs episkoposis TanamRvdeli, 70 mociqulTa adgilze
myofi ewodebaT. rogorc Cans, ukve IV saukunis Sua wlebSi qorepiskoposebi
aWarbebdnen TavianT uflebebs da safrTxes uqmnidnen episkoposis avtoritets,
amitomac antioqiis krebis meaTe kanoniT qorepiskoposs kidev erTxel
aekrZala mRvdlebisa da diakvnebis xeldasxma qalaqis episkoposis gareSe,
`romelsac emorCileba isic da misi soflebis adgilebic~35 Tavis mxriv
qorepiskoposi `unda daadginos qalaqis episkoposma, romelsac emorCilebian
misi soflebi~36.
sabolood IV s. meore naxevarSi qorepiskoposTa instituti gaqra
msoflio saeklesio cxovrebidan. laodikiis krebis 57-e kanonma akrZala
sofel-dabebis episkoposis dasma. qorepiskoposi Seicvala - `mimomxilveli
mRvdliT~ anu `periodevtiT~. `patara qalaqebsa da soflebSi ar unda daisvas
episkoposi, aramed `periodevrtebi~.
axal droSi msoflio eklesiaSi dawesda `vikarul episkoposTa~
instituti, maTac qarTulad `qorepiskoposi~ daerqvaT, magram igi mxolod
nawilobrivi gameorebaa Zveli qorepiskoposobisa.
qorepiskoposTa Zvel institutTan dakavSirebiT, unda SevniSnoT, rom
miuxedavad
IV
saukunidan
msoflio
eklesiaSi
saeklesio
kanonebiT
qorepiskosobis sistemis akrZalvisa, qarTul eklesiaSi igi darCa Tavisi
Zveli siZlieriT, ufro metic qorepiskoposTa instituti saqarTveloSi
aqtiurad moqmedebda VI-XI saukuneebSi da didxans mis Semdegac. amasTan
dakavSirebiT albaT unda gamoiTqvas mosazreba, rom saqarTvelos eklesia IV
saukuneSi rom daarsebuliyo, msoflio eklesiis imJamindeli kanonebis
Sesabamisad CvenSi Tavidanve am instituts umniSvnelo adgili mieniWeboda
anda SeiZleboda arc daarsebuliyo, iseve rogorc qorepiskoposoba,
Tavdapirveli mniSvnelobiT, ar dawesda rusul eklesiaSi, magram faqti am
institutis realuri arsebobisa aRniSnuli saukuneebis saqarTveloSi
miuxedavad laodikiis krebis akrZalvisa, gvafiqrebinebs, rom IV s.
akrZalvebma misi Zliereba ver Searyia da ver Seasusta. amitomac SeiZleba
vifiqroT, rom qarTuli eklesia organizaciulad ukve daarsebuli iyo IV smde Tavis institutebiT.

qorepiskoposTa institutis mniSvneloba saqarTveloSi kidev ufro

amaRlda VI-IX saukuneebSi. mizezi amisa unda yofiliyo vaxtang gorgasalis
Semdeg qarTlis samefos saxelmwifoebrivi wyobis moSla, mefobis gauqmeba,
VI-VIII
s.s.
saero
xelisuflebis
ukiduresi
dasusteba
qarTvelebiT
dasaxlebul teritoriaze. am dros, rogorc garkveulia, qarTulma eklesiam
Tavis xelSi aiRo qristiani mosaxleobis xelmZRvaneloba da mfarveloba.
qarTuli saepiskoposebi gadaiqcnen samarTlisa da kanonierebis centrebad.
saero xelisufoebis aRorZineba TandaTanobiT daiwyo zogierT qarTul
provinciaSi, tao-klarjeTSi, afxazeTSi, kaxeTsa da hereTSi, xolo Tbilissa
da qvemo qarTls ukve arabebi da maTi satelitebi marTavdnen. sxvadasxva
qarTul politikur erTeulebs faqtobrivad aerTianebda qarTuli eklesia. am
saxelmwifoebrivi
erTeulebis
warmoqmnamde
da
gaZlierebamde,
saero
xelisuflebis moklebis dros unda moepovebina qarTul eklesias is
gansakuTrebuli upiratesobani sazogadoebriv da saxelmwifo cxovrebaweswyobilebaSi, romelzec wers iv.javaxiSvili37. kerZod, qarTulma eklesiam
moipova saxelmwifoebrivi sxeulisa da erTeulis Tvisebebi. misi moxeleebi
ganagebdnen ara mxolod sasuliero, aramed saero saqmeebsac, erTi aseTi iyo
qorepiskoposi. saqarTvelos zogierT kuTxeSi qorepiskoposebma safuZveli
daudes adgilobrivi saxelmwifoebriobis warmoqmnasac ki
(mag. kaxeTSi).
qarTuli eklesiis didi gavlenis Sesaxeb saxelmwifo saqmeebSi miuTiTebs
saeklesio da samonastro gawvrTnili laSqris arseboba. rogorc zemoT
aRiniSna, zogierT regionSi centralizeburi qarTuli eklesiis xelSi iyo
saxelmwifoebrivi marTvis sadaveebi qorepiskoposTa institutis meSveobiT,
romelnic imavdroulad samxedro laSqris sardlebic iyvnen.
rogorc aRiniSna, qorepiskoposs eklesia niSnavda SedarebiT miudgomeli
adgilebis zedamxedvelad didi uflebebiT. erTi aseTi mxare iyo kaxeTis
mTieleTi, romlis mosaxle mkvidr qarTvelebs adgilobiTi saxeli wanarebi
erqvaT. `wanarTa qorepiskoposebma, Cans, TandaTan feodalizaciis procesis
Sesabamisad miitaca saero xelisufleba. saero da sasuliero xelisuflebis
erTi piris xelSi gaerTianebis aseTi tradicia ucxo ar aris saqarTvelos
mTianeTis mosaxleobisaTvis. es tendencia xevis mosaxleobasac axasiaTebs.
wanarTa Tavdapirveli sacxovrisi am raionSia sagulvebeli, wanarTa
politikur eqspansias mohyva Sedegad wanarTa qorepiskoposis kaxeTis
mmarTvel
qorepiskoposad
transformacia.
Tavdapirvelad
kaxeTis
qorepiskoposis xelisufleba arCeviTi iyo `mas Jamsa SeiTqvnes gardabnelni
da ganaCines qorepiskoposad daCi Ze iovanesi, qvabulis Zisa~ - wers mematiane.
es arCeviTi wesi IX saukuneSi qorepiskoposTa dadginebis memkvidreobiTi
wesiT icvleba. qarTuli wyaros cnobas, qorepiskoposebis arCeviTobis Sesaxeb
mxars uWers somexi istorikosi Toma arwruni, romlis Tanaxmad, wanarebi
Tavis gamgebels sakuTari surviliT ayeneben. `winaparTa qorepiskoposma~
kaxeTis mmarTvel qorepiskoposad transformaciis gzaze mniSvnelovani
Sinaarsobrivi cvlileba ganicada da IX saukuneSi is kaxeTis adrefeodaluri
saxelmwifos uzenaesi saero xelisufalia. kaxeTis mTavrad gadaqcevis gzaze
is kargavs Tavis sulier funqcias da saero Sinaarss iRebs. aseT saero
xelisuflad gamodis saerTaSoriso sarbielze, sadac bizantiis oficialuri
xelisufleba mas wanarTa arxonts uwodebs~38.

msgavsebisaTvis SeiZleba aRvniSnoT, dasavleT evropaSic TiTqmis imave

dros provinciaTa xelisuflebad gadaiqcnen romis papis `saxlTuxucesebi~.
aqac, saero xelisufleba ukiduresad iyo dasustebuli.
`pativi umetesi mRvdlobisa~ qorepiskoposoba iyo. igi
`wmidaTa
eklesiaTa ganmgebel~-ad iTvleboda, gansakuTrebiT soflis eklesiaTa. mas,
maSasadame, soflebis mRvdel-diakonni eqvemdebarebodnen. amasTanave mas valad
edva,
rasakvirvelia,
`dacva
yovelTave
saqristianoTa
wesTa~
da
meTvalyureoba. episkoposi unda iqmnes mama obolTa da moRuawe qurivTa~-o
naTqvamia aqrihieratikonSi39.
raki mas aseTi didi ufleba hqonda, amitom saqorepiskoposo xelTdasxmadi
`sjulisa da saRmrToTa wignTa mecnieri~ unda yofiliyo~39.
qorepiskopsTa tituls atarebdnen kaxeTis mTavrebi daCi, samoel
donauri, fadla I, kvirike I, kvirike II, fadla II, daviTi40.
ruis-urbnisis krebis mier naxsenebi `qorepiskoposi~ ukve wmida sasuliero
xarisxia da mas Zveli Zala aRar gaaCia. saxelmwifoebrivi Zalauflebis
moklebisa da qveyanaSi qaosuri mdgomareobis dros qarTuli eklesiaYTavis
xelSi rom iRebda saqveyno marTva-gamgeobis Zalauflebas, Cans, samcxeSi
mawyvereli episkoposis magaliTiT, romelmac serapion zarzmelis dros Tavis
xelSi aiRo qveynis dawynarebisa da gamgeobis ufleba.
nikodime episkoposs ufro gasagebad miaCnda ankiriis krebis me-13 kanoni
aTenis sintagmaSi da iZleva mis Targmans: qorepiskoposebs ara aqvT sxva
samTavroSi gadasvlisa da iq xucesebisa da diakvnebis xeldasxmis ufleba, da
kidev naklebad SeuZliaT qalaqis xucesTa xeldasxma episkoposis werilobiTi
nebarTvis gareSe. qorepiskoposebi pirvelad ixsenebian III saukunis bolos.
maTi mdgomareoba exmianeba Tanamedrove vikaris mdgomareobas rusul
eklesiaSi. isini iswrafodnen Tavisi uflebebis gafarToebisaken, rac
garTulebas iwvevda saeklesio cxovrebaSi. antioqiiis krebam (341) gamosca
gansakuTrebuli (me-10) kanoni, romelmac daadastura maTi damokidebuleba
eparqiul episkoposebze.
laodikiis krebam gamosca 57-e kanoni, romelmac gaauqma qorepiskoposTa
instituti, magram isini ganagrZobdnen arsebobas sxva eklesiebSi da arc Tu
iSviaTad borotad iyenebdnen Tavis mdgomareobas, rogorc es Cans basili
didis epistolidan qorepiskoposTa Sesaxeb. mexuTe saukuneSi qorepiskoposebi
Zalze Semcirdnen da mogvianebiT isini ukve aRar aRsebobdnen41.
saqorepiskoposo instiuti vrclad ganixila CxataraSvilma, igi wers:
`qarTuli saeklesio samarTliT (1105 w. `Zegliswera~) `xorebiskoposTa~
Sesaxeb Semdegia dadgenili:
xorebiskoposebs ganaweseben (`gamoarCeven~) kaTalikosi da saRmrToTa
wignTa mecnieri mRvdeli anu diakoni~. mas evaleboda `yovelTa saqristianoTa
wesTa~ `ubiwod dacva~42.
1263 w. saeklesio krebis dadgenilebaSi qorepiskoposi episkoposTa,
monazonTa, xucesTa (dekanozTa? q.C.) da mRvdelTa Semdegaa moxseniebuli43.
somxuri (mxiTar goSis) XII s. samarTliT qorepiskoposi episkoposis
xelqveiTia. qorepiskoposs ufleba ara aqva mTavarepiskoposis brZanebis
gareSe eklesiis saZirkvlis Cayra akurTxos, xolo `Tu qnan, daqceva unda da
xelaxla kurTxeva da damtkiceba saZirkvlisa~44. qorepiskoposs evaleba

`romeli sjuliers saqmeze glaxad xdebodes, qveynis naxviTa da daxedviT

iqadagos da iTargmanos (e.i. ganmartos, q. C). qorepiskopozni arian mimcemni
mdabal-mdablis rigisa ufrosTa mTavarepiskopozTa morCilebiTa... da Tu qnas
mRdlis rigi (e.i. rac mRvdels evaleba, q.C), mteria kanonisa da samarTlis
wignisa~45 (esaa XIX kanoni neokesariis saeklesio krebisa). mTavarepiskoposis
garda aravis SeuZlia `qorepiskopozTa Seqmna~. qorepiskoposni `mosaqmeni
arian~, episkoposi ki `mnaxvelad iTargmneba~45.
`mcneba sasjulo~ (XV s. 70-iani wlebi, dasavleTi saqarTvelo) adgens:
`vinca sjulis Semcode patronma ar misces ebiskopossa da qorepiskopozsa
sasjulod ar mianebos da sasulod mosakiTxavad sofeli ar mianebos da
Zali ar misces... Seundobelica aris~46. aRsaniSnavia, rom dednis teqstSi
sweria `qureebiskopozsa~: asea gagebuli vikari, moadgile (`xoras~
mniSvneloba daviwyebulia). amave ZegliT episkoposebsa da qorepiskoposebs
evalebaTa, rom `samwyso... swavliT da magrad daiWiron~47.
XVI s. 40-ian wlebis qarTuli Zeglis `samarTali kaTalikozTa~-s mixedviT
`ebiskopozis qorebiskopozi~ valdebulia `soflis soflamdis an eklesiis
eklesiamdis mivides~ da eklesiis `Sesavlis kacebi~ (e.i. mrevli) Sehyaros,
uqmoba, naTesaoba, avgzisoba, svinaoba, marxvis Wama `marTlis saqmiT
gamoikiTxos da ganmarTos~ (e.i. gaasworos)48. eklesia SeaCvenebs yvelas,
didebulia igi, Tavadi, aznauri Tu glexi, romelic win aRudgeba
qorepiskoposs da mas `sarjulos ar moakiTxvinebs~48; amasTanave, aseT urC
pirebs saxelmwifos meTauri (mefe, mTavari) sastikad sjis48. episkoposi unda
`missa samwysosa Sina qorepiskopozsa ganuwyuetlad aroninebdes~49.
gviani Sua saukuneebis dasavleT saqarTvelos dokumentebis monacemebiT,
qorepiskoposad xSirad saero pirebi - feodalebi da glexebi (msaxurebi?)
arian da amaT (Tu saerTod yvela qorepiskoposs?) eparqiis teritoriaze
sameurneo-administraciuli
funqciebic
aqvT,
magaliTad,
saeklesio
gadasaxadebis akrefa da eklesiis samsaxuri marTebT.
yovelive zemoaRniSnuli naTlad gviCvenebs, Tu ras warmoadgenda Sua
saukuneebis saqarTveloSi qorepiskoposi. yuradRebas iqcevs qorepiskoposis
kavSiri omoforTan (`omoforoba~) saepiskoposo Sesamoselis nawilTan.
rogorc Cans, qorepiskoposs episkoposis omoforiT Semosva evaleboda.
aseve
unda
yofiliyo
svaneTSic.
svaneTis
werilobiT
ZeglebSi
(`matianeebi~,
grafitebi...)
xSirad
ixseniebian
qurepiskopozebi
an
qverepiskoposebi, e.i. qorepiskoposebi50. raki svaneTi Sua saukuneebSi
cagereli da caiSeli episkoposebis samwyso iyo (amaze qvemoT), cxadia, rom
svaneTSi myofi episkoposebi mRvdelmTravrebi ki ar iyvnen, aramed barel
qorepiskoposTa msgavsad episkoposTa moadgileebi, adgilebze sasjulo
sakiTxTa momkiTxavni.
didi xania cnobilia, rom svaneTi XIII saukunidan mainc ori episkoposis caiSelisa da cagerelis samwyso iyo. amis mowmobaa rogorc adgilobrivi
(svaneTis) istoriuli dokumentebi51, ise ucxouri wyaroebi52. ase iyo
gviandel xanebSiac. caiSeli da cagereli TavianT samwyso svaneTis TemebSi
sxvadasxva mizezTa gamo (mimosvlis siZnele, SinaaSlilobani...) iSviaTad
dadiodnen (masalebi me-17 saukunis saqarTvelos istoriisaTvis53, miT ufro

iseT Znelad misasvlel mxareSi, rogoric iyo enguris xeobis zedaweli,

sadac pavle alepoelis sityviT `TviTmmarTveli~ () svanebi
cxovrobdnen (masalebi me-17 saukunis..., gv. 75 (cnoba asaxavs XVII s. 60-iani
wlebis viTarebas). aseT viTarebaSi, roca iqaur mrevls ZiriTadad
adgilobrivi
qorepiskoposebi
ganagebdnen
(`zemo
xevs~
cagerelis
54
qorepiskoposi) , cxadia, maTi roli da mniSvneloba gazrdili iyo. svaneTis
saistorio werilobiT ZeglebSi swored es qorepiskoposebi ixseniebian~55.
4. mwignobarTuxucesi
qarTul
eklesiasa
da
saxelmwifo
mmarTvelobis
sistemaSi
gansakuTrebuli adgili eWira mwignobarTuxucess. ivane javaxiSvilis sityviT
saqarTvelos kaTalikosis kari iseve iyo mowyobili, rogorc xelmwifis kari.
CvenTvis cnobili aris xelmwifis karis moxeleTa rigi, magram ar vicnobT
sakaTalikoso kars, am mxriv albaT niSneulia bizantiaSi konstantinopolis
patriarqis samoxeleo wyobis saxe. iq didi adgili eWira xartofilaqss, rac
SesaZloa udrides qarTul mwignobarTuxucess Tavisi uflebiT.
`Zalze rTuli iyo konstantinopolis eklesiis saeklesio moxeleTa
ierarqia. es samoxeleo Tanamdebobebi iyofoda 9 rangad (9 dasad, dasi 5
wevrisagan Sedgeboda). pirvel dasSi Sedioda didi xartofilaqsi, didi
ekonomosi, didi sakelari, didi skevofilaqsi da sakeli. Semdeg am xuTeuls
miumates meeqvse Tanamdeboba protekdili. aRniSnuli pativis mqone pirebi
iwodebodnen agreTve saeklesio arxontebad (Tavadebad) da Seadgendnen
sagangebo fenas, romael kardinalTa fenis msgavsad56.
am momentTan dakavSirebiT aRsaniSnavia, rom saeklesio maRal moxeleTa
arseboba qarTuli eklesiisaTvisac iyo damaxiasiaTebeli, ara mxolod
umaRlesi ierarqiuli karisaTvis, monastrebisaTvisac ki, magaliTad, ivane
javaxiSvils garkveuli aqvs, rom qarTuli monastrebi imarTeboda bermonazvnebis maRali fenis - `TavadTa ZmaTa~ mier da mas pirveli dasi
ewodeboda, arsebobda sxva sammarTvelo `dasebic~.
ra funqcia ekisreboda xartofilaqss konstantinopolis patriarqis
karze? igi xSirad diakvnis anda presviteris xarisxiT xelmZRvanelobda
sapatriarqo arqivs, icavda sigelebsa da aqtebs, scemda sigelebs eklesiamonastrebis
asaSeneblad,
xelmZRvanelobda
saeklesio
Tanamdebobebze
presviterebisa da diakvnebis arCeva-daniSvnas. meTvalyureobda eparqiaSi
sarwmunoebisa da patiosnebis mdgomareobas. wyvetda saeklesio disciplinis
sadavo sakiTxebs, xartofilaqsi wyvetda sasamarTlo saqmes ara mxolod
samRvdeloebisas, aramed saero pirebisac sasuliero sferoSi.
erTi
SexedviT,
TiTqosda
xartofilaqsis
uflebebi
hgavs
mwignobarTuxucesisas, miT umets, rom es ukanaskneli sasamarTlo warmoebis
saqmes xelmZRvanelobda xartofilaqsis msgavsad da mis mwignobrebs
sigelebis dacva evalebodaT.
xom ar iyo mowyobili qarTuli samefo kari bizantiuris msgavsad?
rogorc Cans, mwignobarTuxucesi hyavda ara mxolod saqarTvelos mefes,
aramed kaTalikos-patriarqsac, iseve, rogorc konstantinopolis patriarqs.

Tuki konstantinopolur sapatriarqo karze xartofilaqsi presviteris (an

diakvnis) xarisxisa iyo, saqarTvelos mefes mwignobarTuxucesad episkoposi
aurCevia, Tanac avtoritetuli kaTedrisa, saqarTvelos saxelmwifos oqros
xanaSi xelmwifis karze mwignobarTuxucesis saxelo Wyondidel episkoposs
ebara. mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondideli pirveli piri iyo saxelmwifoSi mefis
Semdeg. igi `mamad mefisa~ iTvleboda da ebara mTlianad samefosa da samefo
saxlis gamgeoba. igi iyo vazirTa upirvelesi. Sedioda darbazis karze `oTxi
berisagan~ anu `did monazonTagan~ Semdgar saxelmwifo sabWoSi, romelic
faqtobrivad marTavda saxelmwifos mefesTan erTad. am `oTxi beris~
Semadgenloba
aseTia:
1.
patriarqi;
2.
afxazeTis
kaTalikosi;
3.
moZRvarTmoZRvari da 4. mwignobarTuxucesi.
bagrat IV-is opizisadmi 1060-1065 ww. boZebul sigelidan Cans, rom
saxelmwifo
darbazis
karze
darbazobisas
umaRlesi
samRvdeloebis
(episkoposTa) daswreba saqveynod gamrige xelisufalTa warmomadgenlebTan
erTad normas warmoadgenda. `xelmwifis karis garigebidanac~ Cans, rom
saxelmwifo darbazis sxdomebs eswrebodnen `oTxi beri~ da aseve, vezirebi
(maTi `uzucesi~ iyo am oTxi beridan erT-erTi - mwignobarTuxucesi),
sasuliero wodebis sxva warmomadgenlebi.
amJamad miRebuli TvalsazrisiT gavleniani saeklesio pirebi saxelmwifo
mmarTvelobaSi daviT aRmaSeneblis dros Seiyvanes imisaTvis, raTa `eklesia
sabolood damorCileboda mefis xelisuflebas57. sxva azrisa iyo niko mari,
romlis mosazreba damajerebelia, mas miaCnda, rom `Zvel saqarTveloSi saero
da sasuliero Zalauflebis erToba warmoadgenda udavo faqts~58, maSasadame
moxda ara eklesiis `saboloo damorCileba~ saxelmwifos mier ruis-urbnisis
krebis meSveobiT, aramed piriqiT eklesia da saxelmwifo SeTanxmda
ZalauflebaTa gaerTianebis Sesaxeb. ufro sworad, maT kvlav ganagrZes
qveynis marTvis Zveli tradicia erToblivi ZalauflebiT mmarTvelobisa.
mwignobarTuxuces Wyondidelis Tanamdeboba n. mars miaCnda `saqarTveloSi
odesRac arsebuli sasuliero da saero Zalauflebis erT xelSi Tavmoyris
tradicis gviandel gadmonaSTad.~59. am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT mas dauweria
specialuri gamokvleva `xelmwifis karis garigebis Sesaxeb~, romelic ar aris
gamoqveynebuli59.
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo imarTeboda ara TviTmpyrobeli mefis, aramed
mefisa da saxelmwifo sabWos mier, romelsac `darbazi~ ewodeboda, rogorc
es iv. javaxiSvils aqvs garkveuli. eklesiis adgili saxelmwifos marTvis
saqmeSi sworad saxelmwifo sabWoSi Canda. am sabWoSi, romelsac Zvelad
`darbazi~ erqva, upiratesi da umTavresi wevrebi iyvnen qarTuli eklesiis
pirvelxarisxovani oTxi ierarqi - `oTxi beri~. es oTxi beri qmnida sabWos
umTavres da centralur birTvs. maT ganawilebuli hqondaT ara mxolod
saxelmwifos, aramed eklesiis marTvis funqciebic darbazis meSveobiT.
maTgan erT-erTs mwignobarTuxucess uSualod evaleboda xelmZRvaneloba
gaewia saxelmwifo aRmsrulebeli da sasamarTlo sferosaTvis, moekiTxeboda
finansuri da samxedro sferoebic. es ar niSnavs, rom sxva darCenil sam bers
e.i. saqarTvelos patriarqs (igive iyo imavdroulad qarTlis kaTalikosi),
afxazeTis kaTalikossa da moZRvarTmoZRvars mwignobarTuxucesze naklebi
pativi gaaCnda. maT aranakleb mniSvnelovani sferoebi ebaraT saqveynosaeklesio marTva-gamgeobisa, magram mwignobarTuxucesi ufro metad Canda,

radganac igi uSualod warmoadgenda mTavrobis meTaurs anu vazirTa

upirveless. zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare ar aris mematianis Secdoma
gancxadeba imis Sesaxeb, rom `monasterni da saepiskoposoni da yovelni
eklesiani wessa da rigsa locvisasa da yovlisa saeklesiosa gangebisasa
darbazis kariT miiRebdian, viTarca kanonsa ucdomelsa da yovlad Sveniersa
da dawyobilsa, keTilwesierebasa locvisa da marxvisasa~60.
amJamad, mematianis am gancxadebas miiCnevdnen gadaWarbebad, magram TiTqmis
imaves wers `xelmwifis karis garigebis~ avtori `gelaTisagan kide saydarni
da sxvani monasterni da eklesiani xucesni da monazonni da rac saeklesioni
dasni arian yvela Wyondidelis da sawolis mwignobaris saxeloisia~61.
gelaTi `moZRvarTmoZRvars~ ekuTvnoda, sxva sruliad saqarTvelos saeklesio
dasi, Cans, xelmwifis karidan imarTeboda Wyondidelisa da sawolis
mwignobaris mier, romelTac evalaT miTiTebebisa da aqtebis gagzavna
adresatamde.
maSasadame, saqarTveloSi `saero da sasuliero Zalauflebis erTobis~
gamo `darbazis karidan~ wessa da rigs iRebda yvela uwyeba rogorc saero,
ise saeklesio. darbazis karis saqmianobas umaRlesi ierarqia warmarTavda.
saero da sasuliero Zalauflebis erTobiT qveynis marTva idealur saxed
rom miiCneoda mmarTvelobisa iqedanac Cans, rom imereTis samefos, TviT
ukanasknel drosac ki, ruseTis imperiis mier am samefos gauqmebisas, mefesTan
erTad marTavda imereTis `saxelmwifo sabWo~. am saxelmwifo sabWoSi
Seyvanili
iyo
oTxi
episkoposi
dasavleT
saqarTvelodan
imereTis
TavadaznaurobasTan erTad. rogorc Cans, es `oTxi~ ricxvi gaidealebuli da
tradiciuli iyo. am `oTxeulSi~ Sedioda imereTis kaTalikosis taxtze
mjdomi dosiTeos quTaTeli, da agreTve eqvTime genaTeli da kidev ori sxva
episkoposi62. iv. javaxiSvilis mier gamorkveulia, rom `saxelmwifo darbazSi
XI s. Sua wlebSi wevrebad yofilan: umaRlesi samRvdeloebisa, darbazis kars
myofTa da saqveynod gamrige xelisufalTa ufrosi warmomadgenelni da
`mecnierni sabWoTa saqmeTani~ anu iuristi aznaurni~63.
mwignobarTuxucesis adgilis warmoCenis mizniT, Cven gavagrZelebT
CamoTvlas bizantiur karze myofi moxeleebisa (Tumca isini sapatriarqo
karze iyvnen):
`didi ekonomosi~ - iyo mTavari im ekonomosebisa, romelnic saeklesio
meurneobas
xelmZRvanelobdnen.
ekonomosis
warmomadgenloba
dadginda
qalkedonis krebis mamebis mier 26-e kanoniT. `didi ekonomosi~, SesaZloa,
udris qarTul `uxuces meWurWles~ anu `meWurWleTuxucess~. misi movaleobac
igivea, oRond xelmwifis karze.
`didi skevofilaqsi~ - movale iyo daecva saeklesio Semosavali, dgamaveji, WurWleuli da salaro, agreTve eTvalyura RvTimsaxurebis aRsrulebis
dros wes-rigisaTvis64.
Cveni `meWurWleTuxucesi~, Cans, aerTainebda or konstantinopolur
Tanamdebobas didi ekonomosisa da didi skevofilaqsisa, es ukanasknelic,
Cans, Cveneburi meWurWlea.
`didi sakelari~ - iniSneboda monastrebis samarTavad da pirvelad rigSi
samonastro qonebisa.
rogorc
aqedan
SeiZleba
vifiqroT,
Tu
ki
konstantinopolis
sapatriarqoSi monastrebi erTi centridan imarTeboda, SesaZloa, CvenSic

imave movlenas hqonda adgili, kerZod imarTeboda erTi adgilidan

sapatriarqo kardan anu igive xelmwifis karidan, agreTve monastrebis
qonebasac erTi centridan xelmZRvanelobdnen, Cans, `didi sakelari~ Cveneburi
moZRvarT-moZRvaria.
mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondidelis saxelosTan dakavSirebiT iv. javaxiSvils
aqvs brwyinvale gamokvleva Tavis `samarTlis istoriaSi~, romlis vrceli
amonaridebi mogvyavs qvemoT:
`vazirebSi yvelaze ufrosad mwignobarTuxucesi iTvleboda. pirvelad
mwignobarTuxucesi mxolod X-XI ss-is ZeglSia moxsenebuli, saxeldobr, im
Rrtilas momxdar samRvdelo krebisa da paeqrobis aRwerilobaSi, romelsac
ewodeboda `sitys-geba berisa efTvime grZelisa sosneTis mimarT somexTa
moZRvrisa~. am TxzulebaSi bagrat mefis Tanamedroved dasaxelebulia
`mwignobarTuxucesi mefisa saxeliT efTvime~65. jerjerobiT amaze uwinares
qarTul saistorio mwerlobaSi Cven mwignobarTuxucesis xseneba ar
mogvepoveba. meore cnoba mwignobarTuxucesis Sesaxeb Senaxulia mose xonelis
mier 1085 wels gadaweril giorgi mTawmidelis axalnaTargmn Txzulebis
boloSi. am wignis anderZSi naTqvamia, rom igi dawerilia `salocvelad
RmrTiv-gvirgvinosanTa mefeTa CvenTa giorgi mefeTa mefisa da kesarosisa da
Zisa maTisa daviT mefisa sevastosisa da kualad salocvelad ZmaTa CemTa
ioane Wyondidel mTavarepiskoposisa da sngelozisa, petre vestisa da
mwignobarTuxucesisa~-o66.
daviT IV aRmaSeneblis dros ukve ixsenieba `giorgi Wyondideli
mwignobarTuxucesi~ da mwignobarTuxucesi aq martivad Wyondideladac
iwodeba. am ori YTanamdebobis SeerTeba pirvelad swored daviT aRmaSeneblis
dros da missave brZanebiT unda momxdariyo67.
daviT aRmaSeneblis istorikosi giorgi Wyondidel-mwignobarTuxucesze
ambobs: igi iyo `kaci sruli yovliTa sikeTiTa sulisa da orcTasa, savse
sibrZniTa da gonierebiTa, ganmzraxi sviani da frTxili, Tanagamkafveli
yovelTa gzaTa da saqmeTa da RuawlTa~ mefisaTao68. mwignobarTuxucesi iyo
mefisa `gamzraxi~, anu mrCeveli da mefis saxelmwifo moRvaweobis `Tanagamkafeli~, anu TanamSromeli. igi `Tavs adga... patronis msaxurebaTa~68, e.i.
mefis msaxurebas saTaveSi udga69.
mwignobarTuxucesi unda yofiliyo `brZeni da gonieri, patronTaTs
sviani da erTguli da Semecnebuli sauravTa~70. mas `sauravni~ hqonda. erT
qarTul karabadinSi mwignobarTuxucesis Sesaxeb Semdegi sayuradRebo cnoba
mogvepoveba: karnu-qalaqidan ruknadinis damarcxebis Semdgom alafad motanil
saaqimo wignis gadmoTargmna mibrZanao `qristes mier patronman Wyondidelman,
misman mwignobarTuxucesobaman, protoupertimosman da vazirTa yovelTa
upirvelesman,
kacman
goneba-mosavman
da
saRmrToTa
msjavriTa
71
marTlmsajulman da elisapyrobelman uRonoTa da qurivTa man~-o . am mokle
cnobidan cans, rom mwignobarTuxucesi `vazirTa yovelTa upirvelesi~
yofila, amasTanave `marTlmsajuli da elisampyrobeli uRonoTa da
qurivTa~.
Sevsebul `qarTlis cxovrebaSi~, sadac istorikoss saubari axali
mwignobarTuxucesis daniSvnis Sesaxeb aqvs, naTqvamia: Tamar mefe did

sagonebels mieca da `gonebda, Tu vis miandos daviT da spa Tsi da

gansagebeli saxlisa Tsisa~-o72, e.i. mwignobarTuxucess ebara saxelmwifo
saxlis `gansagebeli~, samefos spa da TviT Tamar mefis Tanamecxedrec ki,
daviT mefe, misi sazrunavi unda yofiliyo. qarTuli JamTaaRmwerlis
sityvidan Cans, rom mwignobarTuxucesis uflebas `samefosa da saxlis
gangeba~ Seadgenda. rodesac laSa-giorgis Zem daviTma saqarTvelos samefo
wes-wyobileba daarRia da baTo yaenTan gamgzavrebis win ubralo mestumre
jiquri mwignobarTuxucesis magier samefos uzenaes gamgeblad gaxada, mefem
mas `elT udva samefosa da saxlisa gangeba~73. mwignobarTuxucesi da
vazirTa upirvelesi marto saxelmwifo saqmeebis mTavari gamge ki ar iyo,
aramed igi amasTanave mestumre jiquriviT `gamgeblad saxlisa sameufosa~74
iyo xolme da mefis sakuTari da piradi qonebis sagamgeos uzenaes
mmarTveladac iTvleboda, amas is garemoebac amtkicebs, rom rodesac basil
mwignobarTuxucesma `iwyo sauravTaca qmnad Tvinier mefisa kiTxvisa~, Turme
didad ewyina mefeTa qveyanaTa~75. mefis Semdgom mwignobarTuxucesi qveynis
uzenaesi mzrunveli, sazogado keTildReobisa da warmatebis mourne da
politikisa da mimarTulebis saWeTmpyrobeli iyo~76.
`xelmwifis karis garigebaSi naTqvamia: `mwignobarTuxucesi viTa mama ars
mefisa, egre yvela sauravi umisod ar iqnebis~-o. e.i. mwignobarTuxucesi mefis
mudmivi ganmzraxi~, mrCeveli da TanamSromeli, misi saxelmwifo moRvaweobis
`Tana-ganmkafeli~ iyo. cxadia, rom `sauravTa qmna~ mwignobarTuxucess
Wyondidels da vazirTa-upirveless arc SeeZlo `Tvinier mefisa kiTxvisa~. mas
amis ufleba ar hqonda. qarTvel JamTaRmwerels moTxrobili aqvs, rom basil
Wyondidelma mefe daviT laSas Zis mouclelobiT isargebla da `iwyo
sauravTaca qmnad Tvinier mefesa kiTxvisa~, mefis mier sikvdilad iqmna
dasjilio75. e.i. rogorc mefes umwignobarTuxucesod saxelmwifo saqmeebi ar
unda ganego, iseve arc am vazirTa upirveless SeeZlo `Tvinier mefesa
kiTxvisa~ emoqmedna saxelmwifos mniSvnelovani saqmeebis gadawyvetis dros.
mwignobarTuxucesi-Wyondideli
movale
iyo
saxelmwifos
sazogado
keTildReobisaTvis ezruna, Taosnoba
da fxa gamoiCina am saqmeSi, moTave
yofiliyo `ganzraxvaTa keTilTa samefosaTvis da erisa umjobesTaTs~77. is
amasTanave saxelmwifos warmomadgeneli iyo, misi uflebaTa damcveli.
stefanos orbeliani ambobs, rom im davis garCevis dros, romliTac ori
somexTa
monasteri
erTmaneTs
vercxlis
jvars
ecileboda,
samefos
warmomadgenlad didi Wyondideli mwignobarTuxucesi iyo78.
Sevsebuli qarTlis cxovrebis zemomoyvanil cnobaSi aRniSnulia, rom
mwignobarTuxucess hqonda mindobili saqarTvelos samefo spac. saqrTvelos
saistorio wyaroebidan Cans, rom sanam mefe didi omis gamocxadebas
gadawyvetda, saqarTveloSi wesad yofila, rom mefis winaSe `yovelni vazirni
da spani Seikribebodnen da ganzraxuli samxedro moqmedebis Sesaxeb sja
hqondaT. am krebis gadawyvetilebaze iyo damokidebuli `daaskvnida~ igi oms
da `mimarTebas~ Tu ara79. viTarca `vazirTa yovelTa upirveless~ da iseTs
xelisufals, uromlisodac ara `sauravis~ gadawyveta ara SeiZleboda,
omianobisa Tu mSvidobianobis gadawyvetis sakiTxSic, rasakvirvelia, Tavisi

Zlieri gavlena eqneboda. rodesac bWoba omianobis dawyebas daaskvnida, mefe

brZanebas gamoscemda xolme `wuevad laSqrisa~80.
abu-baqar aTabagis winaaRmdeg galaSqrebis Sesaxeb bWoba iyo da krebam
omi daaskvna. Tamar mefem mwignobarTuxucess da Wyondidels antons `esreT
ubrZana: `iswrafed dawerad da mamacuriTa sityviTa mimodasdeviT brZaneba,
raTa mswrafl Semokrbes medroba~-o81. kanoniT mwignobarTuxucess da ara
amirspasalars unda daegzavna laSqris wvevis wignebi da jaris Seyris
Sesaxeb brZaneba gaeca82.
gansakuTrebul SemTxvevaSi mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondideli omSic midioda
da saqarTvelos mxedrobas brZolis velze miyveboda. rodesac Tamar mefem
abubaqaris winaaRmdeg saomrad jari gaistumra, man `Tanawaratana antoni
Wyondideli~81. am cnobas adasturebs Tamaris istorikosic Samqoris omis
`Jamsa mwignobarTuxucesi antonica winaSe iyo da (mefe daviTma) mas ubrZana
warZRvaneba Zelisa cxovelebisa, romel ars skiptra da jaWvWuri mefisa~83.
brZola rom dawyebula, igi saomar vels moSorebia, xolo Semdeg omidan
ZlevamosilebiT gamosuls mefe daviT soslans iqve `miegeba wina antoni
vaziri~-o, `romelman ridobiTa monazonobisaTa ara iada maxvili da
misrulman oriTa ymiTa Semoaqcia samasi jori da aqlemi~84 am cnobebidan
Cans, rom mwignobarTuxucess saqarTvelos spaze zrunvac edo valad85.
mwignobarTuxucesi iyo agreTve `marTlmsajuli da xelisampyrobeli
uRonoTa da qvrivTa~. Wyondideli `orSabaTs dRes saajo karsa Sigan
dajdebis, obolTa da qvrivTa da mimZlavrebulTa moCivarTa ganikiTxavs~86.
mwignobarTuxucesi qvriv-obolTa da uRonoTa saCivrebs arCevda, rodesac ki
isini TavianT Tavs daCagrulad da mimZlavrebulad sTvlidnen. igi maTi
mfarveli, `xelisampyrobeli~ da maTi Selaxul uflebaTa aRmdgeneli unda
yofiliyo. `rac vis usamarTlo sWirs, ar moeSvebis, rom ar daiurvos~
mwignobarTuxucesma, naTqvamia `karis garigebaSi~86. amgvari saCivrebis
gasarCevad orSabaTi dRe yofila dawesebuli.
mwignobarTuxucess
viTarca
saxelmwifos
uzenaes
mournes,
saWurWlesTanac
hqonia
kavSiri:
`karis
garigeba~-Si
naTqvamia,
mwignobarTuxucesi
`saWurWlesac
Seva~-o,
albaT,
rogorc
mTavari
zedamxdveli87.
mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondideli, viTarca mTavarepiskopozi da vaziri,
sasuliero da saero, saxelmwifo xelisuflebisa da didebis SemaerTebeli
iyo. igi did monazonTa jgufSiac iricxeboda da vazirTa upirvelesadac
iTvleboda: `karis garigebaSi~-Si `purobis~ wesis aRwerilobaSi naTqvamia:
`mwde darbaziT aTqs oTxTave. moZRvarT-moZRvarsa, kaTalikozsa (ors,
qarTlisa da afxazeTisas), Wyondidelsa, da samTa vazirTa: aTabagsa,
amirspasalarsa da mandaturTuxucesTa~-o. Semdeg ki sweria: `amirejibs
marTebso
oTxTa
monazonTa
da
samTa
vezirTa
wvevao~.
maSasadame,
mwignobarTuxucesic oTxTa monazonTa jgufSi yofila moqceuli.
amitomac mwignobarTuxucess ekiTxeboda yvela saqme eklesiebisa da
monastrebis, samRvdeloebisa da moweseTa Sesaxeb. Sevsebul `qarTlis
cxovrebaSi~ naTqvamia anton mwignobarTuxucesisa da Wyondidelis Sesaxeb,
rom igi iyo `Semecnebuli sauravTa eklesiaTa da monasterTa~-o88. saeklesio

da samonastro sauravni piradad mas ekiTxeboda xolme da maTi kargi codna

aucilebeli iyo mwignobarTuxucesisaTvis. amas `karis garigebac adasturebs:
`gelaTisagan kide, saydarni da sxvani monasterni da eklesiani, xucesni da
monazonni da rac saeklesioni dasni arian, yvela Wyondidelisa da sawolis
mwignobris saelos~ ariano~. mwignobarTuxucess, viTarca vezirs, eklesiaze
xeli miuwvdeboda, ramdenadac eklesia saxelmwifoze iyo damokidebuli.
rodesac mefes surda eklesiisadmi saCqaro miweriloba daegzavna, brZanebas
mwignobarTuxucesis piriT SeuTvlida xolme. Sevsebul qarTlis cxovrebaSi
naTqvamia, Tamar mefem abubaqar aTabagis winaaRmdeg galaSqrebis gadawyvetis
Semdgom anton mwignobarTuxucess ubrZana: `miumceniT yovelTa eklesiaTa da
monasterTa, raTa daucadebelni RamisTevani da litaniobani aResruleboden
yovelTa adgilTa~-o90. dogmaturi sakiTxebis ganxilva da gadawyveta
qarTlis kaTalikozs da adgilobriv saeklesio krebas SeeZlo da am sferoSi
mwignobarTuxucess xeli ar miuwvdeboda. gansakuTrebul SemTxvevebSi
(SiomRvimis monastris mier arCeuli winamZRvris damtkiceba) saqarTvelos
mTavrobas ufleba hqonda eklesiis Sinaur saqmeebSi Careuliyo. daviT
aRmaSenebelma SiomRvimis monasters saqarTvelos kaTalikozis TanxmobiT
didi upiratesoba mianiWa, samosamarTlo Seuvaloba da kaTalikozisagan
damoukidebloba uwyaloba ise, rom raki minasteri winamZRvars `mTavarmemRvimes wilisyriT (`wilgdebiT~) airCevda, mas pirdapir mefe amtkicebda,
darbazs mosuls argans uwyalobebda da abarebda monastris marTva-gamgeobas:
`raca saqme da sauravi maTi iyos, `mwignobarTuxucesi `iyofodis~ meurned da
`romelsa Cuen ver miiweneT~ vinc mwignobarTuxucesad iyos igica
iurvobdes~91.
`xelmwifis karis garigebis~ Tanaxmad, mwignobarT-uxucesi rom saajo
karSi sasamarTlo saqmeebis garCevas da `moCivarTa gankiTxvas~ Seudgeboda
xolme, mas yovelTvis `sawolis mwignobari gverds uzis da zardaxnis
mwignobars gagzavnis, da misi piriT moaxsenebs, rac vis ra sWirs~-o. xolo
`rasac misis piriT ver daiurvebs, adgebis da TT miva da maSin iurvis~ da
`rac vis usamarTlo sWirs, ar moeSvebis, rom ar daiurvos~-o (352-55).
maSasadame, zardaxnis mwignobari da sawolos mwignobari saajo karSi
sasamarTlo saqmeebis garCevis dros vazirT-upirvelesis da mwignobarTuxucesis TanaSemweebi yofilan. amgvarad, sasamarTlo sami wevrisagan yofila
Semdgari, romelTagan erTi, saxeldobr, mwignobarTuxucesi, ufrosi da
Tavmjdomare yofila, erTi kidev, saxeldobr, zardaxnis mwignobari,
gamomZiebeli da saqmis momxsenebeli yofila~92.
rogorc zemoT Cans, mwignobarTuxucesi saxelmwifoSi upirveles saxelos
flobda, amitomac am Tanamdebobaze daniSnul pirs qveyanaSi didi avtoriteti
unda hqonoda, aseTad miuCneviaT ara kerZo saeklesio piri, aramed mTlianad
saeklesio kaTedra Wyondideli episkoposisa, rogorc Cans, mas (kaTedras)
qveynis winaSe warsulSi raRac didi damsaxureba unda hqonoda. Wyondidel
episkoposs saxelmwifoebrivi gavlena unda moepovebina jer kidev afxazTa
samefoSi. SesaZloa `afxazTa samefos~ formirebis dros am kaTedras didi
wvlili miuZRvoda rogorc berZenTagan ASavi zRvispireTis eklesiuri
gaTavisuflebis, ise adgilobrivi qarTuli saxelmwifos Camoyalibebis
saqmeSi da am dros kaTerdis mmarTvelma moipova saxelmwifo sammarTvelo
sistemaSi mtkice adgili. cnobilia, afxazTa mefe giorgi II-m (922-957 ww.)

`aRaSena saydari Wyondidisa, Seqmna saepiskoposod~93. fiqroben, am kaTedraze

fasisis episkoposi dajda, xolo fasisSi kaTedra gauqmda. albaT fasisis
kaTedris pirdapir memkvidres, Wyondidels gadaeca yvela is pativi da
uiratesoba, rac fasisis kaTedras miuZRoda qveynis winaSe. rogorc cnobilia,
afxazeTis
samefos
warmoqmnamde
afxazeTis
sakaTalikosom
sulierad
gaaerTiana
dasavleT
saqarTvelos
miwa-wyali,
riTac
Seuqmna
baza
adgilobrivi qarTuli saxelmwifos Seqmnas. SesaZloa am saqmeSi fasisis
kaTedra da misi samwysoc iRwvoda, radganac imJamad eklesiurad, swored
fasisis kaTedris samwyso iyo udidesi nawili qveynisa. aman, Cans, asaxva hpova
kaTedris sapatio adgilze jer `afxazTa~, xolo Semdeg saqarTvelos
saxelmwifoSi. misi upiratesoba bizantiurma karma `svingelozis~ wodebis
miniWebiT aRiara. svingelozis garda Wyondideli atarebda bizantiur tituls
protoupertimosi.

5. moZRvarTmoZRvari
moZRvarTmoZRvari unda yofiliyo `rCulisa moZRvarTa~ da `wesis da
rCulisa maswavlebelTa~ uxucesi. am termins xmarobs giorgi merCule. sruli
terminia
ara
`moZRvari~,
aramed
`rCulis
moZRvari~
anu
kanonebis
ganmmartebeli, mcodne.
iv. javaxiSvilis gamokvleviT, darbazobis dros moZRvarT-moZRvars TviT
kaTalikoszedac meti upiratesoba hqonda miniWebuli, mefe movale iyo mas
ufro meti pativiT misalmeboda, vidre kaTalikozsa da vazirebs. saeklesio
wesrigis Sesabamisad, aseTi qmedeba auxsneli Cans, radganac qarTlis
kaTalikosi anu rac igivea saqarTvelos patriarqi yovelmxriv upiratesad
pativsacemia sxva yvela sasuliero pirTan SedarebiT. arc is SeiZleba
vifiqroT,
TiTqosda
saxelmwifo
xelisuflebam
upiratesoba
mianiWa
moZRvarTmoZRvars eklesiis pirvel mRvdelmTavTan SedarebiT da es
ukanaskneli (e.i. patriarqi) am qmedebas daeTanxma.
aq sxva viTarebasTan unda gvqondes saqme, piriqiT, unda vifiqroT, rom
esaa gamoxatva Zvel saqarTveloSi arsebul `moZRvrobis~ institutis pativis
migebisa.
xelmwifis karze anu saxelmwifo sabWoSi, darbazis wevr `did monazonTa~
jgufSi Semavali oTxi umaRlesi sasuliero ierarqi `berebad~ iwodeboda
(`oTx berTa~ jgufSi). `beri~ am SemTxvevaSi unda ixmarebodes ara am sityvis
Tanamedrove mniSvnelobiT, aramed, rogorc Cans, emsgavseba rusul eklesiaSi
dRes arsebul termins `~-s. `stareci~ esaa avtoritetuli moZRvari,
maswavlebeli rjulisa da ganmmartebeli kanonebisa, amave dros Tavisi
cxovrebis wesiT magaliTis mimcemia, misabaZia sxvaTaTvis. Zvel saqarTveloSi
mxolod am oTxeulis wevrebs ar ewodeboda `berebi~, aramed iseT
avtoritetebs qarTul eklesiisa, romlebic iyvnen `moZRvari~ grigol
xanZTeli, eqvTime da giorgi mTawmidelebi da sxvebi. qarTveli beris anu
iuridiuli `moZRvris~ mniSvneloba iseTive unda yofiliyo, rogoric aris
dResac somxur eklesiaSi mniSvneloba `vardapetisa~.
n. maris azriT somxuri wyaroebis mixedviT vardapeti aris ara mxolod
monazoni mamakaci, aramed aris maswavlebeli (moZRvari).

`Zvel somxur eklesiaSi vardapetis, rogorc moZRvar-maswavleblis roli

da avtoriteti metad mniSvnelovani iyo. rTuli sasuliero sakiTxebis
gadawyvetaSi, rogorc Cans, mas ufro meti wona hqonda, vidre episkoposs an
Tundac kaTalikoss~94.
maSasadame, somxur eklesiaSi garkveuli pirobebis dros (kerZod,
sasuliero sakiTxebis gadawyvetisas), vardapets kaTalikosze meti wona
hqonda, rogorc es Cans wyaroebidan, saqarTveloSi moZRvarTmoZRvars msgavsi,
albaT sasjulo sakiTxebis gadawyvetisas (darbazobis dros), kaTalikosze
meti pativiT epyrobodnen. `vardapetebs ara mxolod maswavlebloba
moZRvrobis ufleba hqondaT, aramed mosamarTlisac. maT xelSi iyo
msajuloba~95.
somxur eklesiaSi vardapetTa instituti warmoadgenda sasuliero wodebis
mecnierTa gansakuTrebul korporacias94. vardapetebi iyvnen saeklesio
moZRvrebisa da gadmocemaTa erT-erTi kompetenturi damcvelni, amxsnelganmmarteblebi da ganmaviTareblebi. maT gaaCndaT didi uflebamosileba.
Zveli somxuri saeklesio wyaroebis Tanaxmad maT sapatio adgili hqondaT
gankuTvnili
sazogadoebriv
urTierTobaTa
sistemaSi
da
maT
Soris
samarTalSemoqmedebis
sferoSic.
vardapedebis
xelSeuvali
avtoriteti
maswavleblidan moswavles, Taobidan Taobas gadaecemoda. vardapetebi iyvnen
saRvTo werilis tradiciuli teqstebis damcvelni da mzrunvelni, zogjer
daxelovnebuli kaligrafebi, Zveli da axali aRTqmis wignebis pirveli
mTargmnelebi. patriarq sahakis 36-e kanonis Tanaxmad - `wmida da ubiwo
sarwmunoebis saWeTmpyrobelni arian mociqulebi, winaswarmetyvelebi da
vardapetebi~. maT `RvTisSemecnebis madlis Semnaxvelebs~ uwodebdnen. did
gavlenas axdenen somxeTis saeklesio krebis muSaobaze, maTTvis mimarTulebis
micemaze (SevadaroT ber `moZRvar~ grigol xanZTelis magaliTs, romelmac
javaxeTis saeklesio krebas Tavisi mimarTuleba misca da aarCevina misTvis
sasurveli kaTalikosi).
somxuri saeklesio samarTali (mxiTar goSisa) ar iTvaliswinebda
vardapetebis raime SezRudvas sasuliero da samoZRvro-samaswavleblo
saqmianobaSi, maSin roca somxeTis patriarqi izRudeboda imiT, rom ar
SeeZlio araviTari siaxlis SemoReba saeklesio krebis gareSe96.
uamravi analogiis gamo, romelic arsebobs somxur `vardapetsa~ da Zvel
qarTul `moZRvars~ Soris, unda vifiqroT, rom ruis-urbnisis krebamde,
`moZRvrobis~ institutis damcrobamde (am krebis me-12 muxliT), CvenSi
arsebobda ber-moZRvar-maswavlebelTa wodebrioba, erTgvari korporacia,
romlis
meTaursac
warmoadgenda
`moZRvarT-moZRvari~
maswavlebelTamaswavlebeli, igi xelmwifis karze iWerda upirvels adgils Tavisi
sasuliero avtoritetis Sesabamisad. igi moZRvaria kaTalikosebisa da
episkoposebisa da sxva rigiTi moZRvrebisa anu `moZRvarT-moZRvaria~. amitomac,
mas viTarca maswavlebels da mimTiTebels Sesabamisi pativiscemiT epyrobian.
am mxriv gansakuTrebiT samagaliToa CvenTvis grigol xanZTelis mimarT
kaTalikosTa da episkoposTa damokidebuleba, aqac msgavs suraTs vxedavT.
baneli episkoposi grigol xancTelis stumrobisas ver bedavs dajdes Tavis
saepiskoposo kaTedraze anu `saydarze~ (saepiskoposo savarZeli) da mowiwebiT
Txovs wm. grigols am kaTedraze man inebos dabrZaneba. qarTlis kaTalikosis
arsenis mimarTeba grigolisadmi msgavsia. aRsaniSnavia, isic, rom somxur

eklesiaSi vardapetebs aniWebdnen `arqimandritis~ tituls. arqimandriti

mecnier moZRvars niSnavda. grigol xanZTelsac arqimandritis tituli hqonda
da es maRali tituli miuTiTebda misi mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb. msgavsi
magaliTebia rogorc eqvTime, ise giorgi mTawmidelebisa da sxvaTa
SemTxvevaSi. maT `moZRvarTan~ erTad agreTve `berebsac~ uwodebdnen, e.i.
gansakuTrebul moZRvars-avtoritetul maswavlebels.
marTalia, amJamad `moZRvari~ ewodeba yvela mRvdels, magram Zvel
saqarTveloSi,
Cans,
moZRvari
ewodeboda
mxolod
mecnier
swavlul
sasuliero pirs, wevrs `ber-monazonTa~ korporaciisa, anu mas, romelsac dRes
somxur eklesiaSi ewodeba `vardapeti~ anu `arqimandriti~. amJamadac somxur
eklesiaSi aqrimandritis gansakuTrebul wodebas aniWeben ara Tundac yvelaze
Rvawlmosil iRumensa Tu mRvdelmonazons, aramed mxolod mecnier (kerZod,
mecnierebaTa doqtor) mRvdelmonazons, romelsac aqvs gansakuTrebuli
sasuliero samecniero codna da amasTanave evaleba am codnis Sesabamisad
iRvawos eklesiis tradiciaTa dacvisaTvis. igia mxolod moZRvari da
maswavlebeli. umTavresi Tviseba vardapetisa (aqrimandritisa) esaa
mecnieruli codna da am codniT mopovebuli ufleba maswavleblobisa
(moZRvrobisa) da msajulobisa. rogorc Cans, aseve iyo Zvel saqarTveloSic.
`moZRvrobis~ instituti ar unda yofiliyo mxolod somxuri eklesiis
maxasiaTebeli niSani, igi, rogorc Cans, msoflio eklesiaSi pirvel
saukuneebSi arsebuli viTarebis aRmonacenia. amas miuTiTebs is, rom somxur
eklesiaSi vardapets miiCnevdnen `mociqulis memkvidred~ (Cans swavlis da ara
administraciul sferoSi). qarTul eklesiaSic msgavsi suraTi iyo, rogorc
qvemoT ganvixilavT, CvenSi ber-moZRvrebs (Zveleburi gagebiT) miiCnevdnen
pirvel patriarqTa (abraamis, isaakis da iakobis) memkvidreebad (cxadia,
swavla-ganaTlebis sferoSi). unda
vifiqroT, rom bizantiis imperiaSi
saxelmwifos mier eklesiis sammarTvelo saqmianobaSi CarTvisas, roca
episkoposebs mieniWaT didi administraciuli Tanamdebobebi, `moZRvrobis~
Zveli instituti daiCrdila, magram aRmosavleTis im qveynebSi (kerZod,
somxeTsa da saqarTveloSi), sadac saxelmwifo Zliereba mcire iyo, eklesiam
ufro metad SeZlo Zveli, pirvel saukuneTa institutebis SenarCuneba, aseTi
iyo `moZRvrobis~ (vardapetobis) korporacia. saqarTveloSi II aTaswleulis
dasawyisSi Camoyalibda Zlieri saxelmwifo, am dros, rogorc Cans, aRmoCnda,
rom moZRvrobis instituts garkveuli qaosi Sehqonda samonastro da
saeklesio cxovrebaSi, amitomac `moZRvrebis~ raodenoba monastrebSi mkacrad
ganisazRvra. magram es momenti ar aris mTavari, aramed is, rom ruis-urbnisis
krebis me-12 kanonis Tanaxmad `moZRvris~ pativis misaRebad ukve saWiro aRar
iyo, mecnieruli ganaTleba, aramed sakmarisi iyo mxolod `xeldasxma~ anu
kurTxeva. amis Semdeg `moZRvari~ ukve yvela nakurTxi anu xeldasxmuli,
Tundac ucodinari an naklebmcodne mRvdeli gaxda. bagrat IV_is dros, Cans,
msgavsi viTareba iyo episkoposTa kurTxevis mimarTac. wmida giorgi
mTawmideli mravalgzis moZRvravda mefes episkoposebad ar daesva Seusabamo,
e.i. zneobrivad uRirsi da ucodinari samRvdelo pirebi, e.i. xeli aravis
daesxa maTTvis mefis nebis Tu garemoebis iZulebis gamo.
imisaTvis, raTa gaugebroba ar warmoSvas zemoT moyvanilma varaudma. kidev
erTxel ganvmartavT, rom saqme Seexeba mxolod moZRvrobis institutis
gaqrobis TariRis Ziebas. pirvel aTaswleulSi, kerZod, ki VIII-XI saukuneebSi
CvenSi namdvilad arsebobda moZRvrobis instituti, msgavsi somxuri eklesiis

`vardapetobisa~, Semdgom igi gaqra. Tvalis erTi gadavlebiTac ki Cans, rom

qarTuli, ara mxolod sasulero kultura, aramed saeroc, Tavisi
ZalmosilebiT, Sinagani ZlierebiT gansakuTrebiT gamorCeuli iyo VIII-XII
saukuneebSi, Semdgom igi mkveTrad Semcirda. igive iTqmis samecniero
codnazec.
magaliTad,
Tamaris
meistoriis
Txrobidan
Cans,
rom
monofizitebTan kamaTis dros XII s. bolos ukve aRar Cans is Zveleburi
Semtevi codna, romliTac iqamde qarTveli mamebi amarcxebdnen monofizitebs,
axla ukve Tamaris karze mxargrZelTa mier Camoyvanili somexi sasuliero
pirebis winaSe codniT uZlurebas amJRavnebdnen qarTveli mamebi, amiT unda
avxsnaT albaT qarTveli kaTalikosis mier wmida tarigis dadgma... `momymarisa
mis ZaRlisa wina~97. Tavisi simarTlis dasamtkiceblad mxolod uflismieri
mowyale saswaulis gamo gadarCa Sercxvenas qarTveli kaTalikosi, romlis
winaSec sapaeqrod iyvned Sekrebili somexi episkoposebi, vardapetebi da
mecnierebi98. `iwyes somexTa, sarwmunoebisa maTisa Tqmad sityua-mWevrad da
vrcel-sityvierad, viTar uwyiT somexTa sityva mis sveobisa, Zlieri RaRadi
aRuteves, cilobisa swori Zleva iqmneboda~99. somex `vardapetebsa da
mecnierebs~ mxolod erTi qarTveli kaTalikosi epaeqreboda, mis gverdiT ar
Canan Zvel moZRvarTa msgavsi merCule mecnieri moZRvrebi, grigol xanZTelis,
eqvTime da giorgi mTawmidelebis, sosTen beris msgavsi mopaeqreebi, romelnic
arcxvendnen somexTa monofizitur swavlebas, axla kaTalikoss ara Tavisi
codnis, aramed mxolod uflis didi mowyalebis imedi aqvs, romelsac
marTlac ufali aniWebs mas, roca ganizraxavs qarTvelTa sarwmunoebis
siswore daamtkicos ara `sityviT, aramed saqmiT~ da ambobs `saqmiTa
gamovaCinoT da ara sityviTa~100.
ratom? Cans, `sityviT~ igi damarcxda anda damarcxebis piras mivida mefis
karze mowyobil paeqrobisas somex rjulis mcodneebTan. ra iyo es saqme?
rogorc aRvniSneT, man gadawyvita mSieri ZaRli gamoeyenebina msajulad.
wmida siwmide daedga mis win, Tu ZaRli ar SeWamda mas, maSin igi
gamarjvebulad gamocxaddeboda, Tu SeWamda damarcxebulad. `Tqveni SeWamos
Tqven grcxvenes, Tu Cveni SeWamos Cven gvrcxvenes~101. Tamar mefe aRaSfoTa am
ganzraxvam: `xolo mefe, Zlierad mbrZoli, etyoda kaTalikossa: `ra sTqva, vin
SemZlebel ars amisTa qmnad, mogonebad da smenad, rameTu gansakvirvel
ars?~101. irgvliv myofi xalxic gaognda: `esma ra ese mefeTa da ersa,
gankvirdes da uRonoebaman moicva, viTar gonebad movides, rqves kaTalikossa:
`ra ese sTqvi, sasmeneladac zaria!~101.
marTlac warmoudgenelia aRarsad sCanan udidesi mesityveni. sityvis
ostatebi, mecnier-mopaeqreni, mcodne-maswavlebelni. arsen iyalToels da
ioane petriws moswavleebi da moswavleTa-moswavleebi, Cans aRarc darCaT,
anda maTi adgili sxvam daiWira, ucodinarma, magram `xeldasxmulma~ pirebma.
kidev erTxel unda vikiTxoT, rodis Sewyda moZRvrobis institutis arseboba,
rodis gaqra moZRvarTa korporacia? erTi SexedviT isic SeiZleba vifiqroT,
rom monRol-TaTarTa Semosevebis Semdeg qveynis dakninebam bolo mouRo am
wyobas, magram moZRvrebs xom sagangebo pirobebi da Senobebi ar
esaWiroebodaT, isini monastrebSi, gamoqvabulebsa da lavrebSi iRwodnen
wignebsa da xelnawerTa Soris. imave pirobebSi, mtris mier somxuri
saxelmwifoebriobis aRmofxvris Semdegac ki XI-XVIII saukuneebSi, somxur

eklesiaSi vardapetobis instituti ara Tu gaqra, gaZlierda kidec, albaT

aseve unda yofiliyo saqarTveloSic Tu ara Sinagani Sla. amitomac unda
vifqroT, rom am institutis jer avtoritetis dacema, Semdeg ki gaqroba
gamoiwvia TviT eklesiis SigniTve momxdarma raRac Zvram, Cveni hipoTeziT
erTi aseTi unda yofiliyo ruis-urbnisis krebis me-12 muxli. Tu Cveni
varaudi amis Sesaxeb sworia, unda vifiqroT, rom am wmida krebis mamebs arc
hqondaT ganzraxuli moZRvrobis institutis saerTod gaqroba, aramed
mxolod mis kalapotSi moqceva surdaT, magram aseTi Sedegi unda gamoewvia
winadadebas: `vinc samRvdelo piri ar aris, ara aqvs ufleba iyos sulis
ganmkiTxveli, radgan mas jer Sekvrisa da gaxsnis ufleba unda hqondes da
Semdeg SeuZla sulTa gankiTxvas mihyos xeli~102.
rogorc Cans, iqamde, XII s-mde gamoCenil moZRvrebs moswavleebad hyavdaT
arasamRvdelo
anu
xeldausxmeli
monazvnebi
(sazogadod,
monazvnebi
samRvdelo pirebad ar iTvlebian). moswavleebs evalebodaT codnis miReba.
sruli ganaTlebis miRebis Semdeg, Cans, aseT monazons ufleba eZleoda an
TavisTavs nebas aZlevda daemoZRvra sxvebi, anu `ganekiTxa sulebi~ rac
akrZala XII s. krebam. Semdeg ukve `moZRvari~ ewoda ara codnamiRebul
monazons, aramed `nakurTx~ anu `xeldasxmul~ samRvdelo pirs anu diakons,
mRvdels an episkoposs miuxedavad imisa, mas hqonda Tu ara gavlili
mecnierebis dauflebis periodi, miRebuli hqonda Tu ara sruli samecnierosaRvTismetyvelo codna. amJamad, rogorc wesi, `moZRvari~ ewodeba nebismier
samRvdelo pirs, miuxedavad misi codnisa.
ruis-urbnisis krebis me-12 muxlis mizani iyo aRmoefxvra `SfoTi da
ganxeTqileba~ monasterSi, rac imis gamo warmoiSoboda, rom `moZRvari~
berebis ricxvi Zalze didi iyo, zogierT monasterSi 5-dan 30-mdec ki.
amitomac pirvel rigSi `umRvdeloebs~ aekrZalaT moZRvroba, Semdeg ki 1-mde
an 2-mde Semcirda moZRvrebis ricxvi. urCebs anu `urCTa WeSmaritebisaTa da
morCilTa sicruisiTa~ krebam wyevla daado sasjelad103. sabolood, Cans
nel-nela, XII saukunis manZilze mkveTrad Semcirda mcodne berebis ricxvi,
romelTa ricxvidan gamodiodnen Zveli moZRvrebi, msgavsni giorgi merCulisa,
grigol xanZTelisa, eqvTime da giorgi mTawmidelebisa da sxva cnobil
mamaTa, romelnic mnaTobdnen I aTaswleulsa da II aTaswleulis dasawyiss.
`kurTxeva-siwmidis gadacemas niSnavs~104, amitomac kurTxevis dros
diakons, mRvdels Tu episkoposs cxadia is dagrovili aTaswlovani codna ar
gadaecemoda, romelsac moZRvari wlebis manZilze aswavlida Tavis moswavle
monazons, mas Zvelad `moZRvaris~ sapatio saxeli eniWeboda ara xeldasxmis
(kurTxevis), aramed codnis miRebis Sedegad. mecnieruli codnis saerTo done
reformis Semdeg mkveTrad unda dacemuliyo mTel qveyanaSi. mecnieruli
interesebi ganelda.
kidev erTxel moviyvanT
ramdenime, mxolod zogadad amokrebil
magaliTebs
Zveli
agiografiuli
Txzulebebidan,
romlebSic
TiTqmis
garkveviT Cans, rom ZvelqarTuli `moZRvari~ emsgavseboda somxur eklesiaSi
arsebul vardapetobis instituts:
1. umaRlesi saero xelisufleba miiCnevda, rom wmida mamebs gaaCndaT
gansakuTrebuli locviTi madli, romelic maT exmareboda mZime brZolebSi
gamarjvebis mosapoveblad105.

2. episkoposebisaTvis
gansakuTrebul
avtoritets
warmoadgenda
beri
moZRvari106, amitomac didi pativiscemiT epyrobodnen mas.
3. mefec aseve udidesi pativiscemiT epyroboda ber-moZRvrebs, uqmnida maT
sagangebo pirobebs dasvenebisTvis. magaliTad, bagrat IV-m saqarTveloSi
Camosul ber-moZRvars giorgi mTawmidels samyofelad miuCina `adgilni
Suenierni, lavrani didebulni gansasveneblad da sayofelad missa.
pirvelad-neZvi qarTls Sina da Semdgomad mciredisa-Satberdi, didebuli
lavra klarjeTs Sina107.
4. saqarTvelos umaRles xelisuflebas da sazogadoebriv azrs moZRvrebi
(berebi) miaCndaT mociqulTa memkvidreebad swavla-Segonebis mxriv.
amitomac, magaliTad, mefe bagrat IV ase SesTxovda moZRvars giorgi
mTawmidels: `wmidao mamao, amisTvis movaSvreT siwmide Tqveni, raTa
naklulevaneba da cToma uweso aRmohfxvra sruliad sulTagan CvenTa.
dafaruli dafarulad gvamxile, xolo cxadi Tvaluxvavad gangvimarte,
rameTu raca mibrZanos mamobaman Senman, esreT Seviwynaro, viTarca
pirisagan wmidaTa mociqulsa~107.
agreTve beri-moZRvrebi (berebi) miaCndaT pirvel patriarqTa (abraamis,
isaakis da iakobis) memkvidreebad. magaliTad, gabriel dafanCuli SesTxovda
wmida grigol xanZTels ase ekurTxebina misi Svilebi: `wmidao RmerTo,
akurTxen eseni wmidaTa xelTa SenTa dasxmiTa. viTarca israel iosebis Zeni
akurTxna, agreTve Sen yoveli Svilni Cvenni akurTxen Cven mSobelTa maTTa
Tana!~108.
saqarTvelos umaRles wreebSi miaCndaT, rom Svilebis sworad aRzrdis
saqmeSi moZRvrebis locvasa da maswavleblobas aqvs udidesi mniSvneloba.
amitomac aSot kurapalatma, gabriel dafanCulma (`mefis aznaurma~)
saqarTvelos mefem bagrat IV-m TavianTi Svilebi daalocvines grigol
xanZTelsa da giorgi mTawmidels: `da moiyvana Ze Tvsi giorgi ufliswuli
(mefeman bagrat) da xeli misi xelsa STaudva da hrqva: - `aha, mogcem sulsa
amis ymisasa da winaSe RmrTisa gTxov!~ xolo man akurTxa, da uloca da hrqva
viTarmed: - `RmerTman oriTave cxorebiTa adiden, viTarca didi konstantine
da daumorCilen yovelni mterni misni!~109. ufliswuli giorgi mTawmidelma
ara marto sityvierad akurTxa, aramed misca mas werilobiTi samoZRvro
darigeba, Tu rogori saxiT unda warmarTuliyo Semdgomi misi aRzrdaganaTlebis
saqme.
mematiane
wers:
`da
viTarca
Svenoda,
swavlani
RmrTivsulierni da mcnebani saRmrToni aRuwerna da miscna, raTa samaradisod
ikiTxvides da iwvrTides da raTa uwesoTa kacTa ujero rame ara aswaon~109.
ufro adre, moZRvar grigol xanZTels mefe aSot kurapalatma sTxova: `maSin
kurapalatman hrqva mamasa grigols: - mefeTa israelisaTa Jamad-Jamad
winaswarmetyveli aRudginis RmerTman siqadulad maTa da zRuded Sjulisa
da Sesawevnelad morwmuneTa da samxilebelad urwmunoTa. egreTve JamTa
CvenTa Sen gamogaCina RmerTman qristeaneTa siqadulad da raTa maradis
iRvwide CvenTvis wmidiTa locviTa SeniTa winaSe qristesa da wmidaTa misTa.
xolo man hrqua:L daviT winaswarmetyvelisa da uflisa mier cxebulisa
Svilad wodebulo xelmwifeo! mefoba da saTnoebanica misni dagimkvidren
qristeman RmerTman, romlisaTvisca amas mogaxseneb: ara moakldes mTavroba
SvilTa SenTa da naTesavTa maTTa qveyanaTa amaT ukunisamde JamTa, aramed

iyvnen igini mtkiced ufros kldeTa myarTa da mTaTa saukuneTa da didebul

iyvnen ukunisamde~110.
moZRvrisagan
micemul
werilobiT
darigebas
moswavle
dRedaRam
swavlobda, magaliTad, mefe giorgi II ase iqceoda Tavisi ufliswulobis
dros. mematiane wers, rom moZRvris mier micemuli werilobiTi darigeba `man
sixaruliT Seiwynara da dRe da Rame iwvrTin da esreT Seudga, viTarca
Svili sayvarel mamasa saxiersa da viTarca mowafe erTguli moZRvarsa
Tvissa~111. moZRvris winaSe TviTon patriarqi da umaRlesi ierarqia Tavs
valdebulad Tvlida misTvis TavianTi sulieri cxovrebis angariSi waredgina.
magaliTad, giorgi mTawmidelis winaSe `mieriTgan iwyes aRsaarebad da
sinanulad TviT mefeman, kaTalikozman, mRvdelTa, diakonTa, monazonTa da
moweseTa, didebulTa da mTavarTa, mdidarTa da glaxakTa esreT mxurvaliTa
sarwmunoebiTa moiswrafdes, vidremdis sazrdelsaca ZliT miviRebdiT. da
esreT gananaTla yoveli aRmosavleTi kacman aman, ganaTlebulman RmrTisa
mier, da yovelnive cxadni da dafarulni uwesoebani ganhmarTna~112.
moZRvars ufleba hqonda eswavlebina mefisaTvis, Tu rogori kandidati
SeerCia saepiskoposo kaTedrebze. mefis urCobis SemTxvevaSi mas SeeZlo misi
mxileba, rogorc magaliTad giorgi mTawmidelma amxila bagrat mefe. aseve
gamoCenil moZRvars SeeZlo mefisaTvis ekarnaxa, Tu rogori kandidati unda
SeerCia sakaTalikoso kaTedraze, rogorc, magaliTad, grigol xanZTelma
urCia guaram mamfals. xelmwifis urCobis SemTxvevaSi gamoCenil moZRvars
SeeZlo Tavisi kandidatura mainc gaeyvana sakaTalikoso kaTedraze. moZRvars
aseve SeeZlo emxilebina mefe uzneo saqcielis SemTxvevaSi. Sinagani urCobis
SemTxvevaSi moZRvars SeeZlo keTilmorwmune mefe aeZulebina gaekeTebina is,
rasac urCevda, rogorc magaliTad, grigol xanZTeli moiqca kurapalatis
mimarT misi sayvarlis SemTxvevaSi. magram sruli urCobis SemTxvevaSi
moZRvars SeeZlo wyevlismagvari winaswarmetyvelebiT mkacri sasjeli daedo
urCi xelmwifisa da misi STamomavlobisaTvis, rogorc, magaliTad, moiqca
grigol xanZTeli adarnase mefis mimarT, roca man kanonieri meuRle
ganiSora113.
moZRvrisa
da
xelmwifis,
eklesiisa
da
saxelmwifos
urTierTdamokidebulebas I aTaswleulSi kargad gamoxatavs saba iSxnelisa
da bagrat kurapalatis cnobili Sesityveba: `-jer ars xelmwifeTa
morCileba, raTsaTvis ara moxved pirvelsa wodebasa, wmidao mamao? xolo man
hrqva: - didebulo mefeo, Sen qveyanisa xelmwife xar, xolo qriste zecisa
da qveyanisa da qvesknelTa; Sen naTesavTa amaT mefe xar, xolo qriste
yovelTa dabadebulTa; Sen warmavalTa amaT JamTa mefe xar, xolo qriste
saukuno meufe da sruli hgies ucvalebeli, uJamo, dausabamo,
dausrulebeli meufe angelozTa da kacTa. da ufros Sensa jer ars smena
sityvaTa misTa, romelmanca brZana, viTarmed vervis xelewifebis monebai
orTa ufalTa, aramed aw sityvisa Zmisa da moZRvrisa Cemisa grigolisiTa
moved winaSe Sensa~114.
rogorc ukve aRiniSna, TviTon episkoposic ki moZRvars udides pativs
scemda da zogjer Tavis Tavze maRla ayenebda. mematiane wers: `nebiTa
RmrTisaTa iqmna saba episkoposs iSxansa zeda, netarisa nerse kaTalikozisa
aRSenebulsa kaTolike eklesiisa da saydarsa missa, romeli weliwadTa

mravalTa daqvrivebul iyo. aw kvalad iqmna sulieri qorwili meored aReSena

amis netarisa mier, xolo xorcielad moRvaweobiTa RmrTismsaxurTa maT
mefeTaTa da raJams mama grigol stumrad miiwiis iSxans, episkoposman
saydarsa igi dasvis da TviT Tanajdis, rameTu ara Tavs idvis urCeba
netarisa grigolisi, vinaTgan moZRvar da uzeSTaes igi iyo. da esreT
waremarTa iSxani keTilad vidre aqamomde da ukunisamde~115.
viTarca iqamde saukuneebiT adre grigol xanZTelma, XI s-Sic moZRvarma
giorgi mTawmidelma: `pirvelad yovlisa aRlesa maxvili mxilebisa mefeTa
mimarT mravalTa uwesobaTaTvis uSiSrad da Tvaluxvavad, sibrZniT da
gonierad, raTa ara hyiddes saepiskoposoTa kacTa mimarT uwesoTa
uswavlelTa da yovliTurT soflisa SemsWvalulTa da uwesoebaTa da
mimosvlaTa Sina aRzrdilTa, aramed gamoarCevdes kacTa RirsTa da wmidaTa,
monazonebasa Sina aRzrdilTa da RvTivsulierTa moZRvarTa mier wamebulTa,
raTa locviTa da madliTa maTiTa mSvidobiT waremarTos mefoba misi da
raTa ara mRvdelTa uwesobiTa da codviTa eriskacnica daisajnen~116.
moZRvars ufleba hqonda eswavlebina TviT mRvdelmTavrebisTvisac ki.
magaliTad, giorgi mTawmideli amxelda qarTvel mRvdelmTavrebs: `merme iwyo
mRvdelmoZRvarTa mimarT, raTa TvalRebiT xeldasxmasa ara hyofdnen da
uRirsTa mRvdelTa ara akurTxevdnen da raTa amcnebdnen maT mier
kurTxeulTa mRvdelTa uRirsTa ara ziarebad da raTa ara Sehkrebdnen
oqrosa da vercxlsa, aramed umetes yovlisa swyalobdnen glaxakTa da
uRonoTa, da raTa ara uweso rame gina sxvaTa damabrkolebeli saqme
ixilvebodes maT Soris, aramed mcnebasa mas mociqulisasa Seudgen, viTarca
miuweres timoTes~116.
zemoT gamogvrCa da axla davamatebT, rom moZRvars, rogorc sCans, ufleba
hqonda, pretenzia ganecxadebina saepiskoposo kandidatebis SerCevisas,
msgavsad giorgi mTawmidelisa, romelic TviT mefesac ki aswavlida, Tu
rogori kandidatebi SeerCia saepiskoposo kaTedrebze. aseve grigol
xanZTelic Tvalyurs adevnebda episkoposebis qceva moqmedebas da Tu raime
niSniT ar moewoneboda romelime maTgani, kaTedridanac ki Camoagdebda. ase
moiqca igi anCis episkoposis cqiris mimarT, romelic kaTedridanac ki
Camoagdo, Tumca ki Semdgom kaTalikosis mier mowveulma krebam kvlav
aRadgina anCis kaTedraze episkoposi cqiri. amis Semdgomadac moZRvarsa da
episkoposs Soris Zalze didi winaaRmdegoba arsebobda. saboloo jamSi,
grigol xanZTelis epoqaSi yovelTvis moZRvari imarjvebda, giorgi merCules
aRweriT, rogorc guaram mamfalis nebis winaaRmdeg sakaTalikoso taxtze
arsenis ayvanis dros, ise anCeli episkoposis cqiris mimarTac. es ukanaskneli
RvTis nebiT gardaicvala moZRvris winaaRmdeg moqmedebis dros. guaram
mamfalmac RvTisagan miiRo niSani, aseve xelmwife adarnasec daisaja grigol
xanZTelis damoZRvris Seusruleblobis gamo.
moZRvarT-moZRvarTan dakavSirebiT ivane javaxiSvili, rogorc aRvniSeT,
Semdegs wers: `moZRvarT-moZRvars Tavisi `mowafeni~ hyavda117. mas da mis
mowafeebs saqarTveloSi uRrmesi pativiscema hqondaT moxveWili. didi
darbazobis dros mas TviT kaTalikoszedac-ki meti upiratesoba hqonda
miniWebuli. mag., rodesac `moZRvarT-moZRvari darbazs awvion~-o, gagzavnon
Sinauri darbazis eri~, amasTanave `sami cxeni moZRvarT-moZRvrisTvis da orni

misTa mowafeTaTs~-o~, naTqvamia `k.garigeba~-Si118. darbazSiac pirvelad

moZRvarT-moZRvari unda SeeyvanaT, xolo Semdgom kaTalikozi119. TviT mefec
mas metis pativiscemiT unda mihsalmeboda, vidre kaTalikozsa da vazirebs. `k.
garigebaSi~-Si sweria: `moZRvarT-moZRvari, rom mefes eTayvaneba, sapasuxod mas
`mefe noxTa pirsa moegebvis da moesalmebis~-o120, kaTalikozTa, mwignobarTuxucessa da samTa vazirTa misalmebis dros ki mefem `noxTa zeda mesamedi
warmoiaros~-o 121.
`xelmw. karis garigeb~-is cnobiTac saxelmwifo darbazis sxdomebs
eswreboden yvela vazirebi TavianT TanaSemweebiTurT, umaRlesi samRvdeloeba
kaTalikozisa
da
moZRvarT-moZRvris
meTaurobiT
da
mniSvnelovani
monastrebis winamZRvarni, saqveynod gamrigeTagan ki ufrosi moxeleebi122.
Wyondideli episkoposi aris mowafe berisa (giorgi mTawmidelisa)123.
moZRvarTmoZRvari, maswavlebelTa maswavlebeli, umaRlesi saswavleblis
reqtoris aRmniSvneli terminia Zvel saqarTveloSi. gelaTis akademias
xelmZRvanelobda specialuri Tanamdebobis piri, romelic moZRvarT-moZRvaris
tituls atarebda, gansxvavebiT `winamZRvrisagan~, romelic gelaTSive
samonastro saqmeebs ganagebda.
s. yauxCiSvilis dakvirvebiT, termini `moZRvarT-moZRvari~ bizantiis
umaRlesi skolis meTauris saxelwodebas enaTesaveba (didaskalos ton
didaskalon maswavlebelTa maswavlebeli). qarTuli istoriuli wyaroebis
mixedviT, moZRvarT-moZRvari metad pativcemuli, ganaTlebuli piria. misTvis
upiratesi
uflebebis
miniWeba
eTanxmeboda
gelaTis
akademiis
did
sazogadoebriv-kulturul
mniSvnelobas.
Semdgomi
drois
dokumentebSi
moZRvarT-moZRvari ukve zogierTi monastris winamZRols erqva. albaT imitom,
rom am monastrebTan garkveuli saxis maswavleblebi arsebobda. termini
gvxvdeba XIX s-mde124.
SesaZloa vifiqroT, rom ruis-urbnisis wmida krebam `moZRvarTa~
institutis Sesustebis sanacvlod aamaRla `moZRvarT-moZRvaris~ statusi da
mas miuCenia upirvelesi sapatio adgili im `oTx berTa~ Soris, romelnic
idgnen ara mxolod eklesiis, aramed saxelmwifos sammarTvelo saWesTan.
unda gamoiTqvas mosazreba, rom moZRvris, rogorc aseTis, instituti
amoizarda pirvelqristianul xanaSi da mas sakuTari wyaro aqvs. rogorc
cnobilia, `didaqe~ anu `Tormeti mociqulis swavleba~ ar moixseniebs
mRvdlebs, aramed episkoposebs, diakvnebs, winaswarmetyvelebs da moZRvrebs.
episkoposTa warmoSoba cnobilia - isini mociqulebis memkvidreebi, maTgan
amozrdilebi iyvnen. rogorc Cans, `winaswarmetyvelT~, romelic didaqeSia
naxsenebi, II-III saukuneebSi qarTveli pirvel qristianebi uwodebdnen saxels
`mxadeli~, `mxadeli~ - igive `xadiliT~ moaruli kacia, ioane naTlismcemlis
msgavsad, romelic qadagebs, amJamad mRvdlis mTavari movaleoba qadagebaa.
rogorc garkveulia sityva mxadelisaganaa miRebuli sityva - `mRdeli~ da
Semdgom mRvdeli. amave sityva `xadili~-sagan unda iyos miRebuli `qadagi~,
qadageba.
`didaqeSi~ - sxvaa winaswarmetyveli da sxvaa moZRvari125.
didaqes mixedviTac winaswarmetyvels Tavisi warmoSobis wyaro aqvs da
sxva saqmianobas eweva, xolo moZRvars aseve Tavisi gansxvavebuli warmoSobis
wyaro aqvs da winaswar-metyvelisagan gansxvavebuli saqmianobis sfero aqvs,

anu sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, moZRvari araa mRvdeli anu mxadeli-moqadage
winaswarmetyveli. aramed, rogorc aRiniSna, pirvelqristianTa maswavlebeli,
romelsac didaqeSi pirdapir ewodeba - `moZRvari~ - maswavlebeli. `didaqes~
mixedviT, Cans, pirvel qristianul saukuneebSi erTmaneTis gverdiT arsebuli
episkoposTa, diakonTa, winaswarmetyvelTa (igive mRvdelTa) da moZRvarTa
institutebi Tanaarsebobdnen da erT wmida saRmrTo saqmes aRasrulebdnen
warmarTTa Soris qristianobis gavrcelebis epoqaSi. magram xalxSi
qristianobis ganmtkicebis Semdgom, Cans, Tavisi funqciebi dakarga `moZRvarma~
- rogorc damoukidebelma subieqturma institutma es unda momxadariyo
romis da Semdeg bizantiis imperiaSi, magram, Cans, aRmosavleTis eklesiebSi
maT didxans SeinarCunes Tavisi damoukidebloba, somxeTSi gadaiqcnen
`vardapetad~, xolo qarTlSi cnobil `moZRvrad~.
SesaZloa vifiqroT, rom XI saukunis Semdeg, rac qarTuli eklesia
Seecada
ukiduresad
damsgavseboda
berZnuls,
risTvisac
ramdenjerme
redaqtirebul iqna wmida werili gamoica `didi sjuliskanoni~ da sxva,
berZnuli eklesiis gavleniT `moZRvrobis~ institutma dakarga funqcia ruisurbnisis krebis Sesabamisi muxlis akrZalviTac.
amis Semdeg `moZRvari~ ukve daerqva mRvdels, romelic am Tavis funqcias
ukve iRebda episkoposisagan xeldasmis Sedegad.
rogorc iTqva, moZRvrobis institutis Sekvecis sakompensaciod Cans
`moZRvarT-moZRvari~ viTarca didi Tanamdebobis piri Seiyvanes xelmwifis
karze `oTxTa berisagan~ Semdgar sabWoSi.
`axali aRTqmis mixedviT, ieso qriste Tavis miwieri moRvaweobis dros
moqmedebda rogorc `rabini~, anu moZRvari da mis mimdevrebs uwodebdnen
`mowafeebs~.
aseve
yofila
saxarebis
qadagebis
pirvel
periodSic,
qristianobis pirvel saukuneebSi. zogjer termini `mowafe~ termin qristianis
sinonimic iyo (`Tan gamogvyva agreTve zogierTi mowafe kesariidan da
mogviyvanes mnasonTan, erT Zvel kviprosel mowafesTan, visTanac Rame unda
gagveTia~, saqme, 21, 16. agreTve sxva magaliTebi saqme 9 da 10). adreuli
qristianuli Temi Tavis Tavs ganixilavda rogorc skolas, sadac is iRebda
swavlebas erTiani moZRvrisagan~ - ieso qristesagan126.
moZRvreba e.i. maswavlebloba varaudobs ara marto informaciis miwodebas
qristesTan dakavSirebul swavlebasa da movaleobebze, aramed maT ganmartebas
ise, rom misawvdomi iyos aRTqmisaTvis sxvadasxva sazogadoebasa da
kulturebSi. wmida pavle mociquli ambobs: `iudevelebisaTvis gavxdi, rogorc
iudeveli, raTa iudevelebi SemeZina, rjulis qveS myofTaTvis, rogorc
rjulis qveS myofi, Tumca TviTon rjulis qveS ara myofi, raTa rjulis qveS
rjulSi myofni SemeZina...~ (I kor. 9, 20-22).
ieso niSnavs mociquls, winaswarmetyvelebsa da moZRvrebs (I kor, 13, 28),
romelTac avalebs gadmoscen ara Tavisi sakuTari ideebi an sakuTari sibrZne,
aramed samociqulo WeSmariteba qristes aRdgomis Sesaxeb127.
I_II saukuneebSi moZRvrebi (maswavleblebi) asrulebdnen ZiriTad rols
adgilobrivi Temebis cxovrebaSi. mosanaTlebs an kaTakmevelebs unda gaevloT
sagangebo momzadeba qristianuli Temis wevrad rom mieRoT. maswavleblebi
pirvel yovlisa aq iyo saWiro. kaTakmevlebis damrigeblebi iyvnen
gansakuTrebuli `maswavleblebi~, anu didaskalos Tanamedrove RvTismetyvelis
msgavsni. qadageba mimarTuli evqaristuli Temisadmi liturgiis dros

Sedioda episkoposis funqciaSi, maswavleblebi ki mimarTavdnen imiT, vinc ar

iyo Temis wevri.
III saukuneSi warmoiSva daZabuloba `saidumloebriv struqtura eklesiasa
(ecclesia) da zogierTi maswavleblis~ (didaskaloi) moRvaweobas Soris~128.
klimenti
aleqsandrielis
xelmZRvanelobiT
katexizisuri
skola
ramdenadme daSorda eklesiis cxovrebas. misi `maswavlebloba naklebad
`eklesiuri~ gaxda128. aseve Seitanes eWvi origenis uflebaSi eswavlebina,
radgan is ar iyo xeldasxmuli presviteri. `droebani Seicvalnen da axali
aRTqmis tituli `maswavlebeli~ (didaskalos) ukve aRar iTvleboda sakmarisad
avtoritetulad. samaswavleblo funqciebi ekuTvnodaT episkoposebs Tu ara
presviterebs. mainc: ...presviterebs daevalaT maswavlebloba... es tendencia
gulisxmobda
eklesiaSi
samaswavleblo
funqciis
garkveul
129
`klerikalizacias~ . (aRmosavleTSi sawinaaRmdego tendenciebsac hqonia
adgili!)129.
didaskaloi-ebs Tavisufali inteleqtualuri miswrafebani gamoumJRavnebiaT,
amitomac `eklesiur~ maswavleblebTan daZabuloba hqoniaT.
`daZabuloba da konfliqti episkoposebsa da didaskaloiebs Soris
istoriulad gadailaxa IV saukuneSi, rodesac didi kapadokieli mamebis
saxiT, episkoposebma TviT Seimecnes didaskaloiebis problemebi, Seiswavles
origenis ideebi... miiRes berZnuli warmarTuli sibrZnis sinatife~130.
aRmosavleTSi, rogorc Cans, moZRvar-maswavleblebma eklesiebSi didxans
SeinarCunes avtoriteti (igulisxmeba imperiis sazRvargareT). XII saukuneSi
moZRvarTa da episkoposTa Soris qarTul eklesiaSi arsebuli davadaZabuloba gadaWra ruis-urbnisis krebam, romelmac SezRuda moZRvarTa
ricxvi da amasTanave moZRvris funqcia gadasca mxolod nakurTx mRvdels,
anu procesma, romelic berZnul eklesiaSi gadaiWra III-IV saukuneebSi,
qarTulSi Tavi iCina XI s-Si da gadaiWra XII s. dasawyisSi ruis-urbnisis
krebis mier.

saboloo daskvna
mitropoliti anania jafariZe
saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebi
wigni I. sakanonmdeblo krebebi XII-XX ss
saeklesio samarTali saukuneTa manZilze Seiswavleba marTlmadidebel
msoflioSi, CvenSi is SedarebiT axali samecniero dargia, amitomac
Sesabamisad mniSvnelovania saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebis mier gamocemuli
samarTlis Zeglebis erTad Tavmoyra da maTi analizi. naSromSi `saqarTvelos
saeklesio krebebi~ gamovlenili, gaanalizebuli da Seswavlili iqna IV-XX
saukuneebSi Semdgari ramdenime aTeuli saeklesio kreba, isini daiyo

garkveuli sistemisa da qronologiis Sesabamisad. kerZod, calke jgufad

gamovyaviT krebebi, romelTac kanonSemoqmedebiTad iRvawes, aseve gaerTiandnen
krebebi, romelTac mimdinare sakiTxebi ganixiles, magram kanonebi ar
gamouciaT. Tavis mxriv, mimdinare saeklesio krebebi or jgufad gavyaviT,
pirvelSi moxvdnen krebebi, romelnic Sedgnen avtokefaliis gauqmebamde,
meoreSi ki avtokefaliis aRdgenidan dRemde. maT Soris, calke jgufis saxiT
movaTavseT is msoflio da saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis saeklesio krebebi,
romelTa
muSaobaSi
saqarTvelos
episkoposebma
miiRes
monawileoba.
Sesabamisad, naSromSi Sevida 15 sakanonmdeblo kreba, Semdgarni XII-XX
saukuneSi, 21 mimdinare kreba Semdgarni IV-XVIII saukuneebSi, XIX-XX
saukuneebSi Semdgari 50 mimdinare kreba, maT Soris, rogorc aRiniSna,
moTavsebulia 9 msoflio anda saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis saeklesio kreba,
romelTa muSaobaSic qarTvelma episkoposebma miiRes monawileoba.
saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebis SeswavliT kidev erTxel dadasturda,
rom saqarTvelos wmida eklesia uwyveti Tanamonawile iyo diadi msoflio
saeklesio cxovrebisa, amitomac SeZlo man wmida mamaTa azriT, sarwmunoebis
wmidad dacva mociqulTa droidan Cvens dromde. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo da
saeklesio samarTali imTaviTve civilizebuli msoflios samarTlis sferos
ganekuTvneboda.
radganac saqarTvelos adgilobrivi krebebis mier gamocemuli samarTali
mTlianad gamomdinareobs msoflio saeklesio krebebis samarTlidan, amitom
naSromis SesavalSi zogadad mimoxilulia msoflio da adgilobrivi krebebi,
maTi kanonebis cnobili komentarebi, agreTve marTlmadidebel msoflioSi
Sedgenili nomokanonebi da samarTlis sxva Zeglebi. naSromis erTi Tavi
mTlianad eZRvneba msoflio saeklesio samarTlis qarTuli Targmanis
problemebs.
CvenTvis gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania kvleva saqarTvelos saeklesio
samarTlis wyaroebisa. sazogadod, saeklesio samarTalmcodneebi samarTlis
wyaroebs yofen or jgufad, pirvelSi igulisxmeba pirebi da institutebi,
romelTac Seqmnes samarTlis normebi, meore ki warmoadgens dokumentebsa da
werilobiT Zeglebs, romlebSic gadmocemulia aRniSnuli normebi, es
ukanasknelni (dokumentebi da Zeglebi) TiTqmis sisruliT, qrestomaTiuli
saxiTaa warmodgenili mTel naSromSi Sesabamisi krebebis ganxilvisas.
CvenTvis sainteresoa iyo kvleva samarTlis wyaroebis pirveli jgufisa
gamovlena im institutebisa da pirebis, romelTac Seqmnes qarTuli saeklesio
samarTlis normebi. Tuki eklesia avtokefaluria, misi samarTlis erT-erTi
umTavresi wyaroa sakuTari krebebis mier miRebuli dadgenilebani, xolo Tu
ar aris avtokefaluri, maSin zemdgomi eklesiis dadgenilebani. am mxriv
CemTvis SeiZleba iTqvas sasiamovno aRmoCena iyo is, rom wyaroTa kvlevam,
kerZod krebaTa Seswavlam, mTlianad daadastura Zveli qarTuli saeklesio
istoriografiis
dabejiTebuli
mtkicebani
saeklesio
samarTlisaTvis
mniSvnelovani momentebisa, misi uZvelesi avtokefaliis, saqarTvelos eklesiis
iurisdiqciis sazRvrebis, saeklesio enis da sxvaTa Sesaxeb, romelnic
gamowvlilviT, xazgasmiTaa naSromSi ganxiluli epoqaTa Sesabamisad1.
saeklesio krebaTa analizi aCvenebs Semdegs:
IV-V saukuneebSi eklesia Zlier politikur da ideologiur gavlenas
axdenda mTel imdroindel sazogadoebriv urTierTobasa da yofacxovrebaze,

sazogadoebis msoflmxedveloba, kultura, zne-Cveuleba da samarTali

religiuri suliskveTebiT iyo gamsWvaluli.
VI
s-Si
sparseTis
agresiam
safuZveli
Seuryia
qarTul
saxelmwifoebriobas, xolo VII s-dan arab dampyrobTa mier Zveli qarTuli
samefo dinastiis (gorgaslis STamomavalTa) devna dasrulda am dinastiis
mospobiT.
Semdgom,
TandaTan
saqarTvelos
kuTxeebSi
Camoyalibda
adgilobrivi
saxelmwifoebrivi
erTeulebi
(igulisxmeba
`afxazTa~,
`qarTvelTa~, hereTis, taSir-Zorakertis samefoebi, kaxeTis saqorepiskoposo,
Tbilisis
saamiro).
yvela
am
erTeulis
mosaxleobis
umravlesobas
aerTianebda qarTuli eklesia, viTarca Tavis mrevls. VI s. Semdgom
samarTlebrivi saxiT Semdegi suraTi Camoyalibda: dapyrobaTa da xSir
ajanyebaTa, agreTve, Zvel politikur erTeulTa daSlisa da axalTa
warmoqmnis gamo, qveynis mTel sivrceSi warmoiqmna samarTlebrivi qaosi. Zveli
wesrigi moiSala, xolo axlis Camoyalibebas esaWiroeboda saukuneebi. aseTi
samarTlebrivi
qaosis
dros
qarTulma
eklesiam,
kerZod
ki
misma
saepiskoposoebma Tavisi mrevlis interesebidan gamomdinare SeZlo regionebsa
da kuTxeebSi gadaqceuliyo adgilobrivi kanonierebisa da wesierebis
(wesrigis) kerebad. amis Sedegad VI-IX saukuneebSi qarTulma eklesiam moipova
saxelmwifoebrivi sxeulis Tvisebebi. man SeZlo, rom mis (e.i. saeklesioadministraciul)
samarTals
daqvemdebareboda
regionebSi
erTmaneTTan
TiTqmis mudmivad mebrZoli saero xelisufalnic ki (naSromSi amis mravali
magaliTia moyvanili, am periodis samarTlis Zeglebidan Cans, rom saeklesio
samarTlis iurisdiqcia saero saqmeebzec vrceldeboda).
aseT viTarebaSi, eklesiam moipova didi avtoriteti da warmoadgenda did
Zalas mTeli qveynis cxovrebaSi. igi adgileblze upiratesobis mopovebas
cdilobda saeroze, mas xeli miuwvdeboda da SeeZlo zegavlena moexdina
saero-samoqalaqo samarTalze da saWiroebis dros qveynis (regionis)
mmarTvelobis sadaveebis aRebac SeeZlo Tavis xelSi. am mdgomareobam Tavisi
asaxva hpova samarTlis Zeglebze, rasac migviTiTebs, e.w. `bagrat kurapalatis
samarTali~, romelic IX s. samarTlis Zegladaa aRiarebuli. am samarTliT
`meore mefe episkoposi aris da qristianTa sjulisa damamtkicebeli~ (aRbuRas
samarTlis 101, 102, 103 muxlebi). iv. javaxiSvilis sityviT am epoqaSi
`samRvdeloeba saqarTveloSi sruli batoni iyo da saero mTavrobaze maRla
eWira Tavi~2. eklesiis am did Zalaze miuTiTebs saeklesio krebebic.
n. maris sityviT, `Zvel saqarTveloSi saero da sasuliero Zala-uflebis
erToba
warmoadgenda
udavo
faqts~.
bizantiaSi,
n.
maris
sityviT,
xatmebrZolobis epoqaSi umaRlesi saero moxeleebi da episkoposebi
emxrobodnen im Tvalsazriss,
rom imperators Tval-yuri edevnebina
eklesiisaTvis da waremarTa kidec misi saqmianoba, xolo meore mxares idgnen
marTlmadidebeli berebi da episkoposebi. saqarTveloSi gaimarjva am meore
mimarTulebam, aq eklesia Zlier Zalad grZnobda Tavs, ramac asaxva hpova
saeklesio krebaTa mier gamocemul ZeglebSi.
ruis-urbnisis krebam urTierToba moawesriga eklesiasa da saxelmwifos
Soris, kerZod maT Soris aRsdga is simfoniuri urTierToba, romelic
damaxiasiaTebeli iyo wm. mefe mirianisa da mefe vaxtang gorgaslis
epoqisaTvis. amas xeli Seuwyo saxelmwifos gaerTianebam, raSic eklesias
udidesi wvlili miuZRoda.

Cans, saero da sasuliero Zalauflebis simfoniuri Tavmoyra aRiarebuli

iqna ruis-urbnisis krebis mier. mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondidelis, viTarca
saxelmwifoSi mefis Semdeg meore saxelisuflo piris Tanamdebobis daweseba
am faqtis erTi niSania. saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebs iwvevda mefe, amave
dros, saxelmwifo darbazs, Cans imis gamo, rom igi Tavisi SemadgenlobiT
gamoxatavda urRvev kavSirs saxelmwifo da saeklesio xelisuflebas Soris,
ufleba eniWeboda ganexila saeklesio sakiTxebi da mieRo dadgenileba. amis
mizezi iyo is, rom darbazobisas `xelmwifis karze~ ikribeboda qveynis yvela
nawilis episkopati (`zemo~ da `qvemo mamulebidan~ anu aRmosavleT da
dasavleT saqarTvelodan), mniSvnelovani monastrebis winamZRvrebi da, cxadia,
saero xelisuflebis umaRlesi fena, romelic, Tavis mxriv, eklesiis mrevls
warmoadgenda. darbazobis umTavresi birTvi iyo `xelmwifis kari~. es iyo
saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis umaRlesi organo, romelic, Tavis mxriv, aseve
gamoxatavda mTlianobas saero da saeklesio xelisuflebisa, kerZod,
`xelmwifis kari~ Sedgeboda mefisa da oTxi didi berisagan. es `oTxi beri~
iyo:
qarTlisa
da
afxazeTis
kaTolikosebi,
mwignobarTuxucesi
e.i.
Wyondideli episkoposi da moZRvarT-moZRvari. am oTx bers (e.i. kaTolikosebs,
mwignobarTuxucessa
da
moZRvarT-moZRvars)
gansakuTrebuli
uflebamovaleobani hqondaT saqveyno da saeklesio marTvis saqmeSi, kerZod isini
eklesiis mmarTvelebi iyvnen, romelnic `darbazis kars~ - saxelmwifo
sammarTvelo organos qmnidnen. amiT unda yofiliyo gamowveuli mematianis
mtkiceba `darbazis karidan~ saeklesio wesebis gamocemebis Sesaxeb `monasterni da saepiskoposoni da yovelni eklesiani wessa da rigsa
locvisasa da yovlisa saeklesiosa gangebisasa darbazis kariT miiRebdian,
viTarca kanonsa ucdomelsa da yovlad Sueniersa da dawyobilsa,
keTilwesierebasa locvisa da marxvisasa~3. imaves adasturebs `xelmwifis
karis garigebac~4. amave mizeziTve unda yofiliyo gamowveuli is, rom
saxelmwifo darbazi, romlis Semadgenlobac zemoT vaxseneT, saeklesio
sakiTxebis ganxilvis dros faqtiurad gadaiqceoda xolme saeklesio krebad,
mas, rogorc aRiniSna, eswrebodnen mefe, kaTolikosebi, umaRlesi sasuliero
xelisufalni, qveynis orive nawilis episkoposebi, monastrebis winamZRvrebi
da maTi mrevli _ saero xelisufleba da darbaiselni. amaT gamoixateboda
saero da saeklesio xelisuflebis erTiani Zalauflebrivi mmarTveloba
saerTo centridan, rac gamoxatavda simfoniur urTierTobas qarTul
saxelmwifosa da eklesias Soris.
rogorc aRiniSna, Cvens mier saeklesio krebebi dayofili iqna or ZiriTad
jgufad, esenia sakanonmdeblo da mimdinare krebebi. winamdebare naSromSi
gaanalizebulia XII-XX saukuneebSi Semdgari 15 sakanonmdeblo kreba:
1. ruis-urbnisis saeklesio kreba, Semdgari 1103 (1104) wels, romlis
gamocemuli samarTali dayofilia kanonebad. krebis `Zegliswera~ ZiriTadad
gadmoscems macxovris qveynad mosvlis mizezebsa da mniSvnelobas, Tu rogor
`mogveca pirvelad bunebiTi da merme dawerili rjuli~, aRwers, Tu ra didi
mniSvneloba aqvs `qristesmoyvare eris sasuliero dasTan erTxmobas~, rom
`amisaTvis iqmna qristesmoyvare da RvTivdaculi mefeebis mier RvTismoyvare
episkoposebisa da RvTis-saTnomyofeli mamebis krebebis mowveva drodadro,
rom saqmiT srulyofili sarwmunoebiT RmerTTan SeaerTon qristianebi~,

krebas udidesi mniSvneloba hqonda eklesiisa da saxelmwifos Semdgomi

gaZlierebisaTvis.
2. sakanondmeblo kreba mowveuli mefe giorgi brwyinvales mier (1335).
krebaSi monawileobda saqarTvelos patriarqi (`wmida meufe qarTlis
kaTalikosi evfTvime~) da episkopati. isini, saero xelisuflebis pirvel
pirebTan erTad sakanonmdeblo muSaobas warmarTavdnen imJamindeli wesis
Tanaxmad, amitomac Tumca krebis mier gamocemuli kanonebi ZiriTadad
samoqalaqo `msoflio~ samarTlis sferos ganekuTvneba, magram TviT krebis
gansazRvrebiT maTSi gadmocemulia `sasjulo saqme da saeklesio, risic
ginda sasaqmosa-kacis mkvlelTa, eklesiis mkrexelTa, colis gamgdebelTa anu
warmgvrelTa~. maT saeklesio samarTlis sferos akuTvnebdnen. krebis `Zeglis
dadeba~ Sedgeba Sesavlisa da 46 muxlisagan, maT Soris ramdenime saeklesioa.
kreba saxelmwifo darbazis sxdomas warmoadgenda.
3. Wulevis sakanonmeblo kreba (1381-1386). krebam ganixila da uklebliv
daamtkica iqamde 70-80 wliT adre Sedgenili beqa mandaturTuxucesis
samarTali,
romelsac
daurTo
33
muxli,
romelic
aRbuRa
aTabagamirspasalaris samarTlis saxeliTaa amJamad cnobili. amasTanave krebam
aRniSnul (beqasa da aRbuRas) kanonebs daurTo ZvelTaganve arsebuli e.w.
`bagrat kurapalatis samarTalis~ muxlebi. sabolood ki krebam aRniSnul
samarTalis wignebs daurTo Tavis, TviT Wulevis saeklesio krebis mierve
Sedgenili e.w. kanonikuri samarTlis 10 muxli. amiT WulevSi Sedgenili iqna
samarTlis axali krebuli, romelic sul 170 muxlisagan Sedgeboda (krebuli
muxlebad Semdeg iqna dayofili). Wulevis krebasac saxelmwifo (samTavros)
darbazis sxdomas warmoadgenda. aqamde miiCneoda, rom `beqa-aRbuRas
samarTlis~ cnobil krebuls saboloo saxe mieca XVII-XVIII ss-Si, Cveni
kvlevis Tanaxmad es samuSao Seasrula Wulevis krebam.
4. daaxloebiT 1470-1474 wlebSi Sedga e.w. `caiS-bediis saeklesio kreba~,
romlis iniciatorma antioqiis patriarqma gamosca `mcneba sasjulo~.
aRniSnul wlebSi dasavleT saqarTveloSi Casul antioqiis patriarqs
mixeils ucdia `qarTveli eris saukeTeso SvilTa mier saukuneTa brZoliT
monapovari qarTuli eklesiis Tavisuflebis mospoba~, magram rogorc
garkveulia, man es ver SeZlo. mis mier gamocemuli samarTali CamoTvlis
ZiriTadad xalxis zneobrivi dacemis aRmofxvrisaTvis saWiro RonisZiebebs da
Seicavs 43 muxls.
5. daaxloebiT 1543-1549 wlebSi, rogorc Cans, biWvinTaSi Sedga saeklesio
kreba, romelmac gamosca `kaTalikosTa samarTali~. es samarTali asaxavs
maSindeli yofacxovrebis sinamdviles. mimarTulia `kacis syidvis~, saeklesio
qonebis gamtacebelTa, saeklesio kanonebisa da qristianuli zneobis
damrRvevTa winaaRmdeg, udgens normebs episkoposebs, samarTals uCens mefisa
da qveynis moRalateebs. kaTalikosTa samarTali mTel saqarTveloSi moqmedi
sjuli iyo. Seicavs 22 muxls. krebaSi dasavleT saqarTvelos episkoposebTan
erTad monawileoda saqarTvelos kaTalikoz-patriarqi malaqia da afxazeTis
kaTalikosi evdemoni.
6. 1702 wlis saeklesio krebis `ganCineba samonastro wesis Taobaze~
marTalia
konkretulad
daviT-garejis
samonastro
cxovrebis
mosawesrigeblad gamoica, magram zogadeklesiuri mniSvneloba hqonda
saqarTvelos monastrebisaTvis. Seicavs sul 6 muxls.

7.
vaxtang
VI-m
`igulismodgina
da
Semokribna
yovelni
wignni
samarTlisani, romelni JamTa viTarebiTa mimodabneuli iyo. es yoveli moiZia,
ipova da moiSova friadiTa SromiTa~. vaxtang VI-m Seqmna samarTlis wignTa
cnobili krebuli da Tavisi SemoqmedebiTi namuSavevi daamtkicebina krebas,
romelic Sedgeboda kaTalikosisa da episkoposebisagan. umaRles sasuliero
ierarqiasTan
erTad
krebas,
viTarca
saxelmwifo
darbazis
sxdomas,
eswrebodnen didebulni da darbaiselni. vaxtangs 1706-1709 wlebSi Semdgari
krebis `damowmeba da nebadarTva~ esaWiroeboda, raTa misi `samarTali~
qveyanaSi amoqmedebuliyo. samarTlis im muxlebs, romelTac eklesiisaTvis
mniSvneloba hqonda Tan vurTavT aRniSnul krebas.
8. mahmadianTa mmarTvelobisas 1632-1744 wlebSi, aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi
socialurad da ekonomikurad dauZlurda qarTuli eklesia da sazogadod
Seirya qristianuli zneobriobis siwminde, amitomac samefo taxtze Teimuraz
pirvelis, viTarca qristiani mefis, asvlis Semdeg marTlmadidebelma eklesiam
aRidgina Tavisi uflebebi. saqmis swrafi gamosworebis mizniT kaTalikosi
anton I ramdenime weli amzadebda da 1748 wels moiwvia kreba, romelsac Cven
`Tbilisis III saeklesio kreba~ vuwodeT (Tbilisis I da II krebebi Sedga XII
saukuneSi da maT kanonebi ar gamouciaT). 1748 wels krebam gamosca samarTlis
Zegli, romelsac `kanonni~ uwoda. iyofa 27 muxlad.
9. 1759 wels imereTis mefe solomon I-ma moiwvia saeklesio kreba, romelic
saxelmwifo darbazis sxdomas warmoadgenda, masSi eklesiis umaRles
ierarqTa da episkoposebTan erTad monawileobda dasavleT saqarTvelos mefemTavrebi da didebulebi. krebam akrZala tyveTa syidva, aRadgina saepiskoposo
kaTedrebi, daubruna eklesias iqamde mitacebuli mamulebi, gadasaxadisagan
gaaTavisufla saeklesio ymebi, aukrZala saero xelisufalT saeklesio
mflobelobaSi Careva. gamosca `xeliTwerili~, romelic umkacresad krZalavs
tyveTa syidvas, Seicavs mowodebas mahmadiani agresorebis winaaRmdeg
brZolisaken, avaldebulebs Tavis moqalaqeebs saTanado pativi miagon
`sarwmunoebasa da mefis erTgulebisaTvis Tavdadebuls~.
10. XVIII s. II naxevarSi erovnul-qristianuli saxelmwi-foebriobis
aRdgenis
Semdeg
saeklesio
krebebma
kvlav
daibrunes
mahmadianTa
mmarTvelobis dros dakninebuli uflebani da gamosces Sesabamisi zneobrivi
saxis dadgenilebani. 1762 wels gamoica `dadgenilebani saeklesio krebisa
saepiskoposoTa marTvis Sesaxeb~, 1768 wels gamoica mefe erekle II-isa da
anton I-is `gansazRvreba~ episkoposTa mimarT: `mcneba mRvdelTaTvis~, Seicavs
35 muxls, 1777 wels afxazeTis kaTalikosma maqsimem gamosca miTiTeba Tavis
samwysos mimarT, romelic Seicavs 10 muxls, 1793 wels gamoica `kanonTa
ganmweseba codvilTaTvis anton II-is mier~, Seicavs 10 muxls.
10-15. naSromSi ganxilulia saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis
Semdeg Semdgari sakanonmdeblo krebaTa mier gamocemuli marTva-gamgeobis
debulebani~ (1917, 1920, 1927, 1937(1945), 1995 wlebisa, mocemulia debulebaTa
sruli teqstebi).
am
droisaTvis
saqarTvelos
dakarguli
hqonda
damoukidebloba,
saxelmwifo
wyobileba
aTeisturi
mimarTulebisa
iyo,
eklesia
saxelmwifosagan kanonmdeblobiT iyo gamoyofili, xolo skola eklesiisagan.
marTlac XX s-Si Semdgari yvela sakanonmdeblo kreba aCvenebs, rom
saqarTvelos eklesias am periodSi ukve mTlianad aqvs dakarguli
saxelmwifoebrivi sxeulis niSan-Tvisebani, misi samarTali mTlianadaa

mowyvetili saxelmwifo samarTlisagan, Tuki Zvel saqarTveloSi (XIX s-mde)

saeklesio
samarTlis
iurisdiqcia
garkveulwilad
saero
saqmeebzec
vrceldeboda, axla aRniSnul debulebebSi amis niSan-wyalic ar arsebobs,
misi samarTali ukve kerZo, ganyenebuli, sazogadoebisagan mowyvetili
organizaciis samarTals ufro emsgavseba, romelic mxolod Sinagani weswyobilebis mogvarebiTaa dakavebuli da ara mTeli qveynisa da eris
samarTlisa. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom aRniSnul periodSi saqarTveloSi sul
50-mde saeklesio samrevlo moqmedebda da eklesias erisagan uZlieresi
saxelmwifo sistema hyofda, XX s-Si Seqmnili viTareba gasagebi xdeba.
rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, am mxriv sul sxvagvaria IV-XVIII saukuneTa
samarTali.

ZiriTadi daskvna.
mZime sagareo da saSinao viTarebiT gamowveul danaSaulTa sixSirisa da
siRrmis gamo, romelTa aRmosafxvrelad sakmarisi ar iyo saero xelisufalTa
(mefisa da erisTavTa) Zalaufleba, saWiro gaxda eklesiis avtoriteti da misi
qmediTi Careva, ramac asaxva hpova samarTlis ZeglebSi. saxelmwifoSi
eklesiis rolis amaRlebis gamo saero samarTlisa da samoqalaqo cxovrebis
mTeli rigi sakiTxebi kanonikuri samarTlis normebiT wesrigdeboda da
saeklesio sasamarTloebis kompetencias Seadgenda.
(mTel qveyanaSi kaTalikosisa da regionebSi episkoposebis iurisdiqciis
Sesaxeb migviTiTebs mawyvereli episkoposis magaliTi: awyuris episkoposis
sasamarTlos eqvemdebareboda mTeli rigi mniSvnelovani sisxlisa da
samoqalaqo samarTlis saqmeebi, igi, aTabagTan erTad, axorcielebda umaRles
sasamarTlo xelisuflebas, mis kompetenciaSi Sedioda mZime saxelmwifo
danaSauli. aTabagisa da mawyverelis sasamarTlo xelisufleba SeerTebuli
iyo da mas sisxlis samarTlis dargSi Sereuli xasiaTi hqonda, amasTanave
eklesia awesrigebda samoqalaqo, saojaxo da memkvidreobiT urTierTobebsac).
saqarTvelos eklesiam Tavidanve SeiZina saxelmwifoebrivi sxeulis niSanTvisebani, amitomac misi samarTlebrivi mxare saxelmwifo samarTalTan iyo
dakavSirebuli da zogierT periodSi saeklesio samarTlis iurisdiqcia
saero saqmeebzec vrceldeboda. rogorc wesi, (garda ramdenime mniSvnelovani
gamonaklisisa) saqarTveloSi saeklesio krebas warmoadgenda saxelmwifo
darbazis sxdoma. kerZod, saeklesio sakiTxebis garCevis anda ganxilvis dros
saxelmwifo darbazi gardaiqmneboda saeklesio krebad. amis uflebas iZleoda
is garemoeba, rom saxelmwifo darbazis meTaurebi iyvnen saxelmwifos
upirvelesi
pirebi:
ori
kaTalikosi
(e.i.
qarTlisa
da
afxazeTis
kaTalikosebi), mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondideli da moZRvarT-moZRvari, xolo
darbaiselTa Soris mniSvnelovan nawils warmoadgendnen episkoposebi da
sasuliero pirebi. krebas am SemadgenlobiT (e.i. sasuliero da saero pirebis
monawileobiT) ufleba eniWeba mefis TanamonawileobiT an brZanebiT
saeklesio sakiTxebis gadaWrisa. e.i. saTanado SemTxvevebSi darbazis kari
viTarca saeklesio kreba iRebda da scemda Sesabamis kanonebsa da
dadgenilebebs, romelic ara mxolod saeklesio, aramed saero samarTlis
sferos ganekuTvneboda da gamoxatavda saero da sasuliero Zalauflebis
erTobas.

wigni II.
nawili I. saqarTvelos eklesiis mimdinare krebebi IV-XIII ss
1995 wlis saeklesio krebis mier gamocemuli eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis
debulebis II Tavis me-20 muxlis Tanaxmad, wmida sinodis erT-erT movaleobas
Seadgens
`saeklesio
kanonebis
krebulebis
gamocema~.
am
muxlis
aRsasrulebel samuSaos warmoadgens qvemdebare Sroma. radganac yvela Cvens
mier ganxilul sakanonmdeblo da mimdinare krebis analizs Tan erTvis
krebis mier gamocemuli samarTlis Zegli. amitomac Cveni naSromi amasTanave
warmoadgens saqarTvelos saeklesio kanonebis krebuls.
erTad Tavmoyrili saqarTvelos saeklesio kanonebis gamocema da maTi
analizi pirvelad xdeba Cvens saistorio mecnierebaSi. am mxriv naSromi
garkveul siaxles warmoadgens. saeklesio kanonebis moZiebas sapatriarqo,
saeparqio arqivebsa da sxvadasxva ganyofilebebSi, aseve aqamde gamocemul
Sesabamis saistorio wyaroebis korpusebSi dasWirda mravali weli.
sakanonmdeblo krebebi ganxilulia am naSromis pirvel wignSi (Tb, 2003),
xolo winamdebare wignSi ganxilulia mimdinare krebebi.
naSromSi safuZvlianadaa ganxiluli saqarTvelos mimdinare saeklesio
krebebi IV-XVIII saukuneebSi:
1. `episkoposTa Sekrebani mefe mirianisa da vaxtang gorgasalis dros (IVV ss.). sxvadasxva qarTuli wyaros cnobiT episkoposTa Sekrebebi IV
saukunidanve ucxo ar iyo qarTuli eklesiisaTvis, kerZod, episkoposebi
Seikribnen mefe mirianis anderZis mosmenisas, aseve vaxtang gorgaslis
ucxoeTidan samSobloSi dabrunebisas. episkoposebi eswrebodnen saxelmwifo
darbazis sxdomas, romelmac Crdilo kavkasiaSi laSqroba daadgina,
episkoposebi Seikribnen jer kidev vaxtang gorgasalis mier ganxorcielebul
saeklesio reformamde, kerZod, isini miqael mTavarepiskoposis gverdiT
imyofebodnen qvemo qarTlSi erT-erTi sarwmunoebrivi sakiTxis ganxilvisas.
Tu ramdenad sandoa wyaroTa cnobebi CvenSi saeklesio reformamde
saepiskoposoTa arsebobis Sesaxeb, gaanalizebulia naSromSi da miRebulia
daskvna, rom Tuki qarTuli eklesia, viTarca saeklesio organizacia
namdvilad arsebobda mefe mirianis Semdeg vaxtangis saeklesio reformamde,
imJamindeli saeklesio kanonebis Tanaxmad mas uTuod unda hyoloda ramdenime
episkoposi, romelTa krebasac unda gamoeCina maT Soris pirveli da emarTa
eklesia. rac wyaroTa cnobebiTac dasturdeba. maSasadame, wyaroTa cnobebi
qarTul eklesiaSi mravali saepiskoposos arsebobis Sesaxeb sandoa da
eTanadeba msoflio eklesiaSi imJamad arsebul wesebs.
2. dvinis saeklesio kreba (506 w.). marTalia somxeTis saeklesio centr
dvinSi mowveuli kreba ar SeiZleba miviCnioT saqarTvelos saeklesio krebad,
magram radganac masSi monawileobda qarTlis kaTalikosi sxva 23 qarTvel

episkoposTan erTad da am Sekrebas didi gavlena unda hqonoda saeklesio

cxovrebaze, amitomac SevitaneT Cvens naSromSi. rogorc analizi gviCvenebs, am
saeklesio krebis mowveveviT dainteresebuli iyo rogorc bizantiis, ise
iranis xelisufleba. naSromSi garkveulia, rom ara dvinis 506 wlis krebis,
aramed 522 wlis saeklesio krebis Semdeg monofizitur platformas
upiratesoba mieniWa somxuri eklesiis mier, sabolood ki mas somxurma
eklesiam mxari dauWira 551-554 wlis krebebis Semdeg, qarTulma eklesiam ki
piriqiT, somxuri eklesiis am bolo krebaTa Semdgom mxari ar dauWira da
gaemijna somxuri eklesiis monofizitur platformas, asureli mamebis
Rvawlis
Sedegad
qarTlSi
sabolood
gaimarjva
difizitobam,
rac
sayovelTaod gaxda cnobili 570-ian wlebSi, xolo kirion kaTalikosis
Rvawlis wyalobiT am movlenam praqtikuli gamoxatuleba miiRo. samwuxarod
sparseTis saxelmwifos nebiT, romelic monofizitur somxur eklesias
mtkiced uWerda mxars, kirioni gaZevebul iqna sakaTalikoso taxtidan. igi,
Cans, gadavida dasavleT saqarTveloSi, romelic imJamad qarTuli eklesiis
iurisdiqciaSi imyofeboda (zRvispira romauli (bizantiuri) zogierTi cixesimagris gamoklebiT). amis dasasabuTeblad moyvanilia prokofi kesarielisa
da vaxuSti batoniSvilis Sesabamisi monacemebi. naSromSi ganxilulia Tu
rogor SeZlo ucxo imperiebis mxardaWeriT VI s-is Semdeg somxurma eklesiam
Tavis iurisdiqciaSi moeqcia eTnikuri qarTvelebiT dasaxlebuli (iqamde IV-V
saukuneebSi qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi myofi kuTxeebi) qvemo qarTli
(VII s-mde), tao (VIII s-mde), hereTi (X s-mde wmida dedofali dinaramde).
aRniSnuli
Tvalsazrisi
mniSvnelovnad
gansxvavdeba
qarTul
istoriografiaSi amJamad aRiarebulisagan. kerZod, miiCneva, rom qvemoqarTlsa
(gugarqsa), taosa Tu hereTSi VII-VIII ss-Si TiTqosda mimdinareobda `somexTa
gaqarTveleba~ maTSi qalkedonuri sarwmuneobis danergviT.
magaliTad, 2002 w. bolos gamoqveynebul vardan arevelcis `msoflio
istoriis~ komentatoris TvalsazrisiT, `kirioni miznad isaxavda moexdina
gugareTis Sereuli mosaxleobis asimilacia da RvTismsaxurebidan amoeRo
somxuri ena~5. Cveni kvlevis Tanaxmad ki gugarqSi anu qvemo qarTlSi
cxovrobda eTnikurad qarTuli mosaxleoba, IV-V saukuneebSi samwyso
qarTlis kaTalikosisa, romelsac VI s-Si Seqmnili politikuri viTarebis
gamo
sparselTa
mxardaWeriT
eklesiebSi
daenergaT
somxurenovani
RvTismsaxureba. maSasadame, es xalxi iyo eklesiurad `somxurenovani~ da ara
eTnikurad somexi. ai am samwysosaTvis ineba kirion kaTalikosma aRdgena
qarTulenovani RvTismsaxurebisa da es procesi ar iyo `somexTa asimilacia~.
dvinis krebis ganxilvis dros CamoTvlili da aRdgenilia krebaSi monawile
qarTvel episkoposTa saxelebi da maTi kaTedrebi.
3. mcxeTis krebebi. VII s. dasawyisSi mcxeTis jvris taZris galavanSi
aSenebul `darbazebSi~, sakaTalikoso sveticxovlis taZarsa da saepiskoposo
samTavros taZarSi Sesabamisad, yovel paraskevs, xuTSabaTsa da samSabaTs
imarTeboda episkoposTa Sekrebebi, ganxilulia am krebaTa mizezebi da
Sedegebi.
4. antioqiis saeklesio kreba qarTuli eklesiis uflebaTa aRiarebis
Sesaxeb (VIII s.). VIII s. 50-ian wlebSi efrem mciresa, nikon SavmTelisa da sxva
avtorTa cnobiT, Sedga saeklesio kreba antioqiis patriarq Teofilaqtes,
mitropolitTa da episkoposTa monawileobiT. krebas miuRia dadgenileba,

raTa qarTuli eklesiis meTauri TviT qarTuli eklesiis episkoposebs

gamoerCiaT da ekurTxebinaT: `episkoposTagan xelni daesxmodian kaTalikossa
qarTlisasa~. saeklesio samarTlamcodneTa ganmartebiT, eklesia maSinaa
avtokefaluri, roca mis meTaurs irCevs da adgens TviT mocemuli eklesiis
episkopati da ara romelime ucxo eklesiis meTauri. am mizezis gamo mravali
mkvlevari miiCnevda da zogierTi amJamadac miiCnevs, rom swored aRniSnulma
krebam VIII s-Si mianiWa antioqiis sapatriarqosagan avtokefalia qarTul
eklesias. es mosazreba arasworia, radganac, rogorc amJamad ukve
damtkicebulia v. goilaZis mier, antioqiis aRniSnulma krebam avtokefalia
mianiWa ara mcxeTis sakaTalikosos, romelic im droisaTvis ukve TavisTavadi
iyo, aramed `qvemo iberiis~ anu afxazeTis sakaTalikosos. berZnul-bizantiuri
saeklesio istoriografia dasavleT saqarTvelos `qvemo iberias~ uwodebda.
naSromSi amis Sesaxeb mravali wyaroa moxmobili. IV-V ss-Si, ruis-urbnisis
krebis Tanaxmad, dasavleT saqarTvelo mcxeTis iurisdiqciaSi Sedioda,
mxolod VII-s 20-30-iani wlebidan herakle keisris mier saqarTvelos zRvispira
teritoriebis
aneqsiis
Semdeg
es
miwa-wyali
oficialurad
Sevida
konstantinopolis iurisdiqciaSi, dainerga aq qarTulis nacvlad wirvalocvis dros berZnulenovani msaxureba. VIII s-dan am, anu `qvemo iberiis~
teritoriaze TandaTan Camoyalibda saeklesio erTeuli iberiis (qvemo
iberiis) anu afxazeTis sakaTalikoso, romelmac imJamindeli saeklesio
wesebis
dacviT
antioqiis
ganxilul
krebaze
moipova
avtokefalia,
igulisxmeba rom is gaTavisuflda berZnuli sapatriarqosagan da daubrunda
qarTuli eklesiis wiaRs, viTarca misi erT-erTi sakaTalikoso, mcxeTis
sakaTalikosos gverdiT. amis Semdeg qarTuli eklesiis uflebebi kvlav
aRsdga SavizRvispireTSi, gadaiWra am axali sakaTalikososaTvis mironis
miwodebis sakiTxi, rac ganxilulia naSromSi.
5. anCis saeklesio kreba (IX s. 40-iani wlebi). anCis kaTedraze aRniSnul
wlebSi
Sedga
saeklesio
kreba,
romelsac
eswrebodnen
qarTlis
sakaTalikosos mier gagzavnili ierarqebi, `yovelni mRvdelni da mrevlni
anCisani~, saqmis mosmenis Semdeg gamotanili iqna ganaCeni, romlis ZaliTac
episkopos cqirs kaTedra CamoarTves, magram, rogorc Cans, saqarTvelos
eklesiis centralurma xelisuflebam saWirod miiCnia angariSis gaweva
Tbilisis amirasaTvis saeklesio saerTo saqmis sasargeblod, rasac
eTanxmeboda kurapalatic, amitom anCis saepiskoposo kaTedraze cqiris kvlav
dabruneba unda momxdariRo 853 wlamde.
6. javaxeTis saeklesio kreba (IX s. 60-iani wlebi). `xelmwifed~ wodebulma
mamfalma guaram didma `brZana Sekreba episkoposTa da udabnoTa mamaTa da
yovelni Semokrbes javaxeTs~. am Sekrebis mizezi yofila Sedegi: kaTalikos
ilarion I-is gardacvalebis Semdeg samcxis mTavar mirians Tavisi sapatrono
qveynis xalxis TanadgomiT sakaTalikoso taxtze auyvania arseni, safarelad
wodebuli. arsens mxars uWerda `varskvlavi udabnoTa~ wmida mama grigol
xanZTeli da mcire jgufi episkoposebisa, xolo xelmwife guaram mamfali da
episkoposebis ufro didi odenoba mxars uWerdnen sakaTalikoso taxtze
efrem mawyverelis asvlas. es episkoposebi giorgi merCulis cnobiT nawyenni
iyvnen, radganac samcxis mTavarma daarRia maTi wmidaTawmida saeklesio
ufleba saqarTvelos kaTalikosis arCevisa. rogorc wesi avtokefalur
eklesiebSi eklesiaTa meTaurebs irCevs episkoposTa kreba. es wesi ki am
SemTxvevaSi darRveuli iyo. grigol xanZTelma daarwmuna javaxeTSi

Sekrebili episkoposebi da xelmwife guaram mamfali, rom `...RmerTsa ebrZana

kaTalikosoba arsenisi sisrulisa misisaTvis~. marTlac, krebam mravali
saswauli ixila. sabolood, krebam daamtkica kaTalikosoba arsen mirianis
Zisa. amiT kidev erTxel daamtkica, rom qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs
ZvelTaganve saqarTveloSive irCevdnen saeklesio wesebis dacviT da amiT is
avtokefaluri, TavisTavadi eklesia iyo.
7. Rrtilas saeklesio kreba (daaxl. 1046 w.). kamaTi monofizitebsa da
diofizitebs Soris msoflio eklesiaSi dasrulda VI-VII saukuneebSi
monofizitebis damarcxebiT, magram imperiis aRmosavleTiT is kidev ramdenime
saukune gagrZelda. mizezi amisa iyo is, rom imperiis periferiebSi egviptesa,
siriasa da somxeTSi monofiziturma mimarTulebam gaimarjva. egviptisa da
siriis arabTagan dapyrobis Semdeg somxuri eklesia monofizitobis msoflio
centrad gadaiqca. bizantiasTan metoqeobis gamo arabulma xelisuflebam
gansakuTrebiT
gaaZliera
somxuri
eklesia
viTarca
antibizantiuri
aRmsareblobis mcvelisa kavkasiaSi. IX-X saukuneebSi tao-klarjeTSi qarTuli
saxelmwifoebriobis
aRorZinebisa
da
gansakuTrebiT
saqarTvelos
gaerTianebis Semdeg, mravali kamaTi imarTeboda monofizitebTan (qarTveli
xelmwifis karze). saqme is iyo, rom am provinciebSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebi
iqamde VI-VII ss-Si somxuri eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi iyvnen, isini saqarTvelos
moqalaqeebad gadaiqcnen, maT garda qveynis samxreT provinciebSi qarTveli
monofizitebic cxovrobdnen, rac gamoZaxili iyo wina saukuneebSi somxuri
eklesiis agresiul saxelmwifoTa mxridan gaZlierebisa. es qarTvelebi axal
viTarebaSi ubrundebodnen qarTul eklesias, rac davis mizezi iyo. erTi
aseTi kreba Sedga javaxeTSi, sofel RrtilasTan mefe bagrat IV-is dros, 1046
wels, Tumca zogierTi mkvlevari am krebas bagrat III-Tan (975-1014) akavSirebs.
krebas diofizitTa mxridan eswrebodnen wurwyabeli episkoposi gvarad
miqelaZe, yveleli episkoposi sanano, tbeli episkoposi grigol abuseriZe,
anCeli episkoposi, mecnieri beri efTvime grZeli, monofizitTa mxridan `didi
moZRvari somxeTisai~ sosTeni, igi `friad mecnier~ yofila. mas mxars
farulad uWerda monofiziti qarTveli mwignobarTuxucesi efTvime. kamaTi
dasrulda qarTveli beris efTvime grZelis saxelovani gamarjvebiT, rasac
didi mniSvneloba hqonda samxreT saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebisaTvis,
is `iqmna Zegl marTlisa sarwmunoebisa~.
8. antioqiis II saeklesio kreba (1056-1057). pirobiTad ase vuwodeT
antioqiaSi XI s-Si Semdgar saeklesio krebas, romelmac daadastura qarTuli
eklesiis uflebani, gansxvavebiT antioqiaSive VIII s-Si gamarTuli imave
xasiaTis krebisagan. XI s. 20-ian wlebSi mkveTrad daiZaba urTierToba
saqarTvelosa da bizantiis saxelmwifoebs Soris. bizantia gaaRiziana
gaerTianebis Semdeg saqarTvelos sagrZnobma gaZlierebam. omis wamowyebis
sababad bizantiam gamoiyena bagrat III-is Zis giorgi I-is `SeWra bizantiis
sazRvrebSi~. TviT imperatori basili II da konstantine VII piradad
mxedarTmTavrobdnen mebrZol berZenTa jars. omi xangrZlivad gagrZelda.
qarTvelTa jari ramdenjerme damarcxda. mterTan brZolisas qarTulma
eklesiam daiWira mkveTri pozicia da saTaveSi Caudga saerTo-saxalxo oms
bizantielTa winaaRmdeg, episkoposebis saba mtbevarisa da ezra anCelis
meTaurobiT. amis sapasuxod mTel bizantiis imperiaSi, maT Soris aTonsa, Sav
mTasa da sxvagan daiwyo qarTveli berebis sastiki devna. eWv qveS dadga
qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis ufleba. or marTlmadidebel xalxs Soris

zavisa da mSvidobis Camosagdebad iRwodnen qarTuli eklesiis iseTi ori

gavleniani piri, rogorebic iyvnen wmida giorgi mTawmideli da sqemonazoni
mariami, deda mefe bagrat meoTxisa. erT-erTi aseTi kreba aRniSnuli
moRvaweebis monawileobiT antioqiis patriarqTan da mis ierarqiasTan Sedga
1056 wels. am SexvedriT dedoflis kmayofilebis, maSasadame qarTuli
eklesiis problemebis gadaWris Sesaxeb mematianec miuTiTebs. antioqiaSi
viTareba Seicvala 1057 wlidan, rac sapatriarqo taxtze petre III-is
gardacvalebis Semdeg avida Teodosi III. amave wels kvlav Sedga kreba
antioqiaSi, romelzec berZnebma axali braldeba wamoayenes rom saqarTveloSi
yovelgvari saeklesio wesis gangeba xdeba TviT saqarTveloSive, rom
qarTveli episkoposebi ar arian sxva romelime episkoposis xelqevS, rac
arasasurvelia,
qarTvelTa
eklesiis
arsebuli
avtokefalia
arasamarTlebrivia, radganac arc erT mociquls saqarTveloSi ar uqadagniao
- aseTi iyo bizantiel ierarqTa Sexeduleba aRniSnul krebaze. imJamindeli
SexedulebiT avtokefaliis ufleba hqonda im qveynis eklesias, sadac
mociqulma iqadaga. maSasadame, qarTvelTaTvis saWiro iyo moZieba im wyarosi,
romelic daamtkicebda, rom saqarTveloSi romelime mociqulma iqadaga. aseTi
samuSao Seasrula giorgi mTawmidelma, man krebas warmoudgina aseTi wyaro,
es iyo `mimosvla andria mociqulisa~. masze dayrdnobiT wmidanma krebas
ganucxada: `Cven qarTvelebi varT andria pirvelwodebulis moqceulni, mis
garda Tormet mociqulTagan erT-erTi simon kananeli Cvens qveyanaSi
afxazeTSi kerZod nikofsiaSia dakrZaluli~. wmida giorgi mTawmidelis
pasuxidan da misi wyarodan kargad Canda, rom am mociqulebma saqarTveloSi
namdvilad iqadages. imJamindeli SexedulebiT es wyaro avtokefaliis
iuridiul sabuTs warmoadgenda da ukve sakmarisi iuridiuli safuZveli iyo
qarTuli eklesiis avtokefalia-TavisTavadobis uflebis damtkicebisTvis.
kreba darwmunda qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis kanonierebaSi.
9. quTaisis saeklesio kreba (daaxl. 1058). ase vuwodeT pirobiTad krebas,
romelic bagrat IV-is karze Sedga opizisa da mijnaZoris monasterTa Soris
samamule davis gamo. paragrafSi garkveulia, rom saxelmwifos uzenaesi
organos `darbazis karis~ upirvelesi `darbaiselni~ iyvnen eklesiis pirveli
ierarqebi kaTalikosebi qarTlisa da afxazeTisa, aseve moZRvarTmoZRvari da
Wyondidel-mwignobarTuxucesi.
maTTan
TanamSromlobiTa
da
`darbazis
TanadgomiT~ mefe `ganuCenda~ anu gamoscemda kanonebs. imis gamo, rom
darbazis muSaobas warmarTavda aRniSnuli saeklesio ierarqia, darbazi
gamoscemda ara mxolod saero, aramed saeklesio datvirTvis dadgenilebebsac
- `saeklesio gansagebelsa darbazis kariT miiRebdin~. amis gamo saeklesio
sakiTxic opizisa da mijnaZoris monasterTa Soris ganixila darbazis karma,
saero da sasuliero pirTa, aseve eqspert-iuristTa monawileobiT, am
ukanasknelT `mecnierni sabWoTa saqmeTani~ erqvaT. krebam gaamarTla
mijnaZoris monasteri, Sesabamisi sabuTebis ganxilvis Semdeg. paragrafSi
garkveulia, rom `zemo mamulebi~ anu `zemo qveyana~ sazogadod ewodeboda
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, xolo `qveda mamulebi, qvemo qveyana, qvemo iveria~ dasavleT saqarTvelos.
10. Tbilisis I saeklesio kreba (1178). demna batoniSvilis ajanyebis
CaxSobis Semdeg gamarjvebulma mefe giorgi III-m uflisadmi madlierebis
gamosaxatavad gadawyvita saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis raime didi sikeTis
miniWeba.
imis gasarkvevad Tu ra
esaWiroeboda imJamad sazogadod

saqarTvelos eklesias, Sedga saeklesio kreba, romelmac daadgina, rom

umjobesi iyo eklesiis gaTavisufleba usamarTlo begarisagan, amasTanave
usamarTlo begarisagan unda gaTavisuflebuliyvnen `glaxakebi~, e.i. dabali
fenis gaWirvebuli mosaxleoba da amave dros saxelmwifos Sesabamisad
`gulismodgined Seekazma~ e.i. unda Seemko eklesiebi. mefes krebis am
dadgenilebis aRsasruleblad gamoucia Sesabamisi sigeli. paragrafSi
uaryofilia aqamde gavrcelebuli mosazreba, TiTqosda demnas ajanyebiT
isargebles saeklesio pirebma, moiwvies saeklesio kreba da gasaWirSi myofi
mefe
aiZules
`usamarTlo
begarisagan~
eklesiebi
gaeTavisuflebina.
gamokvleulia mefisa da eklesiis urTierTdamokidebuleba, aRwerilia mefed
kurTxevis saeklesio wesi.
11. Tbilisis II saeklesio kreba (1185). taxtze asvlis Semdeg Tamar mefem
moiwvia saeklesio kreba, romelsac afxazeTisa da qarTlis sakaTalikosoTa
episkoposebi, monazvnebi da meudabnoeni eswrebodnen TeologebTan (`kacni
mecnierni sjulisa saRmrTosanni~) erTad. krebaze dasaswrebad sagangebod
CamoabrZanes ierusalimidan yofili kaTalikosi nikoloz gulaberisZe. iv.
javaxiSvilis kvlevis Tanaxmad, krebam ganixila imJamindeli qarTlis
kaTalikosis miqaelis gadayenebis sakiTxi. saqme isaa, rom kaTalikoss
gadauxvevia `wesTagan eklesiisiTa~ da kaTalikosobasTan erTad Tavis xelSi
auRia mwignobarTuxucesis saxeloc. mwignobarTuxucesobasTan erTad miiTvisa
Wyondideloba da mawyvereloba. erTi SexedviT es saeklesio Tanamdebobebia,
magram im droisaTvis radganac mwignobarTuxucesi amave dros `vazirTa
upirvelesi~ iyo da `mefis mamad~ iwodeboda, anu mefes mis daukiTxavad
arafris gakeTebis ufleba ar hqonda, amitom sasuliero mwyemsmTavris xelSi
ara mxolod saeklesio, aramed saero xelisuflebis mTelma sadaveebma
moiyara Tavi. miqaeli saxelmwifos marTva-gamgeobis namdvil saWeT-mpyroblad
iqca. paragrafSi ganxilulia Tu rogor aiRes msoflio eklesiis zogierT
nawilSi pirvel aTaswleulSi (kerZod dasavleT evropasa da somxeTSi)
saxelmwifos mmarTvelobis sadaveebi eklesiis ierarqebma Tavis xelSi.
gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom e.w. umefobis xanaSi - VI-VII saukuneebSi,
dapyrobaTa Sedegad Seqmnil sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi warmoCenili qaosis
gamo kanonierebisa da wesrigis kerebad gadaiqcnen qarTuli saepiskoposebi,
moipoves avtoriteti samarTalsa da saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis sferoSi, ris
Sedegadac saqarTvelos zogierT kuTxeSi saero sammarTvelo uflebac
moipoves (kaxeTis saqorepiskoposoSi, qorepiskoposTa xanis pirvel periodSi,
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTSi, svaneTSi, qorepiskoposTa institutis
meSveobiT, samcxeSi (giorgi Suartyelis mTavarepiskoposis xanaSi), Cans aseve
moxda dasavleT saqarTveloSic rogorc Wyondidis kaTedris Seqmnamde, ise
mis Semdegac), risi samarTlebrivi asaxva unda yofiliyo daviT aRmaSeneblis
dros Wyondidel-mwignobarTuxucesis mier mTavrobis marTva. xelmwifis karze
oTx monazons (or kaTalikossa, mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondidelsa da moZRvarTmoZRvars) Soris Zalaufleba ganawilebuli iyo. roca Tamaris dros miqael
kaTalikosis xelSi gaerTianda Wyondideloba da mwignobarTuxucesoba,
aRmoCnda, rom misi udidesi saxelmwifoebrivi Zalaufleba mefis avtoritets
CrdilSi aqcevda. es gansaxilvel krebas miuCnevia saeklesio wesis darRvevad
da ucdia kidec miqaelis gadayeneba an misTvis Zalauflebis CamorTmeva,
magram krebam es ver SeZlo. wyaros cnobiT, amave krebam ganixila
TamarisaTvis saqmros SerCevis sakiTxic.

12. saeklesio Sekrebani daviT aRmaSeneblisa da Tamaris karze (kamaTi

monofizitebTan). bizantiasTan saukunovani brZolis gamo arabebi ebrZodnen
qalkedonitobas
anu
bizantiur
sarwmunoebas
da
mxars
uWerdnen
monofizitobas. VII-X saukuneebSi arabTa mpyrobelobis dros Tbilisis
saamirosa da qvemo qarTlSi, aseve aRmosavleT saqarTvelos zogierT kuTxeSi
(aRniSnulis gamo) gaZlierda somxuri eklesia, romelmac SeZlo mkvidr
qarTvelTa somxuri eklesiis mrevlad gadaqceva. saqarTvelos erTiani
saxelmwifos
warmoqmnis,
gansakuTrebiT
ki
mas
Semdeg,
rac
daviT
aRmaSenebelma
Tavis
saxelmwifos
SemouerTa
eTnikurad
qarTvelebiT
dasaxlebuli taSir-Zorakertis e.w. `somexTa samefo~ da samxreT kavkasiaSi
mdebare mxareebi saqarTvelos xelmwifis karze drodadro imarTeboda
saeklesi Sekreba-disputebi somex da qarTvel sasuliero pirTa Soris. erTi
aseTi Sedga daviT aRmaSeneblis karze, romelSic monawileobdnen arsen
iyalToeli da TviT mefe daviT aRmaSebnebeli. msgavsi kreba gaimarTa Tamar
mefis karzec. aq erTmaneTs daupirispirdnen sarwmunoebrivi niSniT or dasad
gayofili
saxelmwifos
umaRlesi
moxeleebi.
paeqroba
sarwmunoebriv
momentebTan erTad Seicavda politikurs da gamoxatuleba iyo Tamaris samefo
karze saqarTvelos mTavrobaSi arsebuli winaaRmdegobisa `oTx monazonTa~ da
mxargrZelTa Soris, anu qarTvel umaRles sasuliero pirTa (kaTalikosWyondidelsa) da amirspasalar-vezirTa Soris. am dros e.w. `Zalovani
institutebi~ monofizitTa xelSi aRmoCnda - kerZod, mandaturTuxucesoba
`karis garigebis~ Tanaxmad mxargrZelTa (`SanSeTa saxlis~) xelSi iyo, aseve
msaxurTuxucesoba ivane mxargrZelis xelSi iyo, Tu amirspasalarobas ar
CavTvliT, es paeqrobac zaqaria mxargrZelsa da qarTlis kaTalikoss ioanes
Soris winaaRmdegobam gamoiwvia.
13. anisis Sekreba (1218). somxeTis Zvel dedaqalaq anisSi saqarTvelos
sapatriarqos iurisdiqciaSi imyofeboda mravali eklesia, qarTuli eklesiis
mrevli ise mravlad cxovrobda somxeTis mraval kuTxesa da qalaqSi, rom aq
qarTuli saepiskoposoebic arsebobdnen. erTi axali qarTuli eklesiis
sakurTxevlad q. anisSi CabrZanda saqarTvelos patriarqi etifane, romelmac
gaarkvia sasuliero pirebsa da qarTvel mrevls Soris sadavo sakiTxi anel
xucesTa sargos ganwesebis Sesaxeb. man krebis vrceli dadgenileba anisis
eklesiis kedelze amokveTa. Cvens mecnierebSi miRebulia mosazreba, rom
somxeTSi mcxovrebi mrevli qarTuli eklesiisa TiTqosda eTnikuri somxebi
iyvnen
da
maT
`qarTvelebs~
uwodebdnen
sarwmunoebrivi
niSniT,
qalkedonitobis
gamo.
paragrafSi
dasabuTebulia
aseTi
mosazrebis
aramarTebuloba, ganmartebulia Tu ratom cxovrobdnen somxeTis Crdilo
olqebsa da did qalaqebSi eTnikuri qarTvelebi, mrevli saqarTvelos
eklesiisa.
14. SiomRvimis saeklesio kreba (XIII s. 40-iani wlebi). XIII s. 40-ian wlebSi
Sedga kreba, romelmac gamosca ganCineba SiomRvimis Seuvalobis Sesaxeb.
paragrafSi ganxilulia, rom SiomRvimis monasteri mxolod sameurneo mxriv
iyo damoukidebeli qarTlis sakaTalikososagan, sulierad ki mas marTavda
saqarTvelos eklesiis ierarqi mwignobarTuxucesi (aRniSnul wlebSi bedielalaverdeli episkoposi svimoni) monastris mamasaxlisTan erTad (aseTi kvleva
saWiroa, radganac arcTu didi xnis win XX s-90-ian wlebSi sakiTxSi
Cauxedavobis gamo imJamad SiomRvimis monastris berTa erTma jgufma

sapatriarqosagan monastris sruli damoukidebloba moiTxova, aRniSnuli

krebis mier gamocemul sabuTze `dayrdnobiT~).
15. mcxeTis saeklesio kreba (1263). monRolTa batonobis dros daviT laSas
Zis (ulu daviTis) mefobisas mcxeTaSi Semdara saeklesio kreba, romelsac
dadgenileba gamoutania sam sakiTxze, pirveli iyo saeklesio mamulebis
sakiTxi, meore Seexeboda eklesiis mier `dakrulvili~ piris, mesame ki
sasuliero pirTa pativiscemiT mopyrobis sakiTxs.
mtris batonobisas mefes unebebia saeklesio mamulebis gasxviseba. aseTi
qmedeba krebis mier mkacrad iqna dagmobili. qarTuli samarTlis wesis
Sesabamisad eklesiis mier Serisxul `dakrulvil~ pirs saxelmwifos mier
qoneba unda CamorTmeoda da aseve `laSqarSi ar unda SeeSvaT~, e.i. samxedro
wodebidanac unda gaericxaT. es wesi monRolTa batonobisas darRveula.
damrRvevelni yofilan `vazirni~, `vaziri~. Cvens mecnierebaSi gamoTqmulia
mosazreba, rom es `vaziri~ unda yofiliyo basili mwignobarTuxucesi
ujarmel-Wyondideli.
naSromSi
ganxilulia
urTierTdamokidebuleba
saqarTvelos mTavrobaSi arsebuli `oTx monazonTa~ jgufsa da mxargrZelTa
jgufs Soris (mxargrZelTa jgufSi Sedioda vezirebi: amirspasalari,
mandaturTuxucesi,
amilaxori
da
meabjreTuxucesi).
am
ukanasknelT
`xelmwifis karis garigebis~ Tanaxmad ekuTvnodaT `laSqarSi ar SeSvebis~ da
`mamulis gacemis~ ufleba, amitomac krebis ganCineba exeba ara basili
Wyondidels, aramed mxargrZel vezirebs, romelTanac dapirispirebuli iyo
`oTx-monazonTa~ jgufi.
16.
Sekreba safaraSi (1453). paragrafSi ganxilulia sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb,
rom saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis ucxo iyo sarwmunoebrivi ganxeTqileba.
saqarTvelos erTiani daxelmwifos daSlis Semdeg dasavleT saqarTvelosa da
mesxeTSi warmoSobili miswrafeba eklesiuri gankerZoebisa, unda CaiTvalos
ara sarwmunoebriv, aramed saeklesio-administraciuli mniSvnelobis sakiTxad.
mesxeTSi warmoSobili saeklesio separatizmi mahmadianuri agresiis gamo
safrTxes uqmnida mesxeTis qristianebis sulier simtkices. saqarTvelos
kaTalikos-patriarqebi mTeli saukune iRwodnen eklesiis gamTlianebisaTvis.
erTi aseTi iyo daviT III qarTlis kaTalikosi, is 1453 wels Casula mesxeTSi
da krebis ZaliT dausjia uRirsi episkoposebi, romelnic ucxoel
mRvdelmTavarTa waqezebiT cdilobdnen dedaeklesiisagan administraciul
ganSorebas.
17. samTavisis saeklesio kreba. 1459 wels samTavisis saepiskoposo centrSi
Sedga saeklesio kreba, romelmac daamtkica samTavisis saepiskoposos
`dramisa da Sesavlis wigni~. wigni warmoadgens kanonebis krebuls da exeba
samwysos gadasaxads sxvadasxva sarwmunoebriv da sayofacxovrebo momentTan
dakavSirebiT. am krebas ara mxolod sasuliero, aramed saero xelisufalnic
eswrebodnen, romelTac miiRes samarTlis `wignis~ muxlebi (muxlebi
ganxilulia naSromSi). aqedan Cans, rom Tu romelime saerisTavoSi tardeboda
saeklesio kreba, masSi Sesabamisi saero xelisufalnic monawileobdnen, Tu
samTavroSi Sesabamis samTavro xelisufleba, Tu saxelmwifos centrSi
saxelmwifo xelisufalni.
18. svaneTis `saeklesio krebebi~ (XIII-XVIII s.s.) Cvenamde moRweulia Zegli,
romelsac
`matiane
svaneTisa
krebisa~
ewodeba.
faqtobrivad
masSi
warmodgenilia am pirTa sia, romelTagan umravlesi gardacvlili iyo da
sxvadasxva dros moRvaweobda. am Zeglidan Cans, rom saqarTvelos mTianeTSi

qristianuli eklesia Zlier Zalas warmoadgenda, svaneTis saeklesio

saqmianobas
adgilobrivi
qorepiskoposni,
mamasaxlisni
da
moZRvarni
warmarTavdnen. eklesias aq hyavda Tavisi meWurWle, molareTuxucesi, medroSe,
jvris mtvirTveli da sxva moxeleni. svaneTis qorepiskoposni colosanni
iyvnen (viTarc Zveli drois episkoposebi). isini isxdnen mestiaSi, laSxeTSi,
svaneTis `mTiuleTSi~ (zeda qalaqs). eqvemdebarebodnen caiSel da cagerel
episkoposebs.
19. saeklesio Sekrebani vaxtang VI-is, solomon I-is, Teimuraz II-isa da
erekle II-is karze (XVIII s). paragrafSi ganxilulia XVIII s-Si Semdgari
mimdinare, SedarebiT naklebi mniSvnelobis mqone krebebi, mowveulni 1705, 1712,
1616-1617, 1742, 1744, 1748, 1755-56, 1762, 1764, 1765, 1768 da 1779 wlebSi.
20. mcxeTa-Tbilisis (1755-1756) kreba. zogierTi istorikosi am krebas
`gorisas~ uwodebs. 1755-1756 wlebSi Sedga saeklesio krebebi, romelTac
ganixiles anton I kaTalikosis e.w. `gakaTolikebis~ saqme da is Camoagdes
sapatriarqo taxtidan. krebebma gamosca saTanado aqtebi, romelnic Tan
erTvis paragrafs. ruseTSi wmida sinodis winaSe warmdgarma antonma
daamtkica Tavisi marTlmadidebluri sarwmunoeba, risTvisac miiRo rusuli
saepiskoposo kaTedra, Semdeg ki ruseTis wmida sinodis wevris wodeba.
ruseTSi antoni amtkicebda, rom mas cili daswama mefe Teimuraz II-m, romelic
vaxtang VI-is da ieses mefis STamomavalTa mier miiCneoda qarTlis ukanono
mefed, qarTlis taxtis kanonier memkvidred maT aleqsandre vaxtangis Ze da
anton kaTalikosi miaCndaT. amiT xsnidnen isini im faqts, rom qarTlis
taxtis kanonieri memkvidreobis gamo SeSfoTebulma Teimuraz II-m anton I
moiSora viTarca politikuri mowinaaRmdege da is saqarTvelodan gaaZeva. ase
xedavdnen am movlenas vaxuSti batoniSvili, mari brose, d.CubinaSvili,
a.cagareli da sxva mecnierebi. es krebebi krebis monawile ierarqTa sityviT,
gaimarTa `sabrZanabelsa Sina CvenTa~ (1755 wlis 16 dekembris ganCinebis I aqti).
saqarTvelos eklesiis sasuliero ierarqTa sabrZanebeli iyo mefis karze (e.i.
TbilisSi) da Zvel saeklesio dedaqalaq mcxeTaSi.
21. 1764 wlis krebis ganCineba. krebas eswrebodnen mefe erekle,
mTavarepiskoposi kirile, episkoposi besarioni, tfileli qristefore,
mroveli germane, ninowmideli saba, mangleli nikolozi, rusTveli iosebi.
krebam kvlav ganixila anton kaTalikosis sakiTxi. yovelgvari sabuTebisa da
faqtebis moZiebis Semdeg cxadi Seiqmna, rom wina 1755-1756 wlis kreba
SecdomaSi Seiyvanes dainteresebulma pirebma da anton kaTalikosis mimarT
gamotanili braldeba misi gakaTolikebis Sesaxeb ciliswameba iyo. krebam
gamoikvlia, rom wina krebebi SecdomaSi Seiyvana mRvdelma zaqaria gabaSvilma
da misma Svilma iosebma. krebam sastikad dasaja cilismwameblebi, mTlianad
gaamarTla anton kaTalikosi, miT umetes, rom ruseTis wmida sinodmac
ganixila es sakiTxi, romelmac antoni mTlianad gaamarTla da vladimiris
arqiepiskoposis pativic uboZa. axla, mefe ereklesa da samefo ojaxis
moTxovniT, saqarTveloSi dabrunebuli antoni mTlianad gamarTlebuli iqna
krebis dadgenilebiT.
ZiriTadi daskvna:
saeklesio (rogorc sakanonmdeblo, ise mimdinare) krebaTa analizi,
romelic saeklesio samarTlis aqtebis ganxilvas eyrdnoba. gviCvenebs, rom
CamoyalibebisTanave
saqarTvelos
eklesia
iyo
ucxo
eklesiebisagan

TavisTavadi saeklesio erTeuli. IV-sdanve saqarTveloSi Camoyalibda saero

da sasuliero Zalauflebis mTlianoba. amis gamoxatulebad unda miviCnioT
`moqceva qarTlisas~ cnoba, rom mcxeTeli mTavarepiskoposi glonoqori
`erisTavadca iyo barazbod pitiaxSisagan qarTls da hereTs~ (arseni
safarelis cnobiT aseTive uflebebi moipova amave sparsTa mpyrobelobis
xanaSi somxurma eklesiamac). arabobis dros qveynis periferiebSi Seqmnili
samarTlebrivi qaosis dros, roca arabul xelisuflebas saqarTvelos
zogierT regionze xeli nawilobriv miuwvdeboda, xolo adgilobrivi
xelisufleba sabolood ar iyo Camoyalibebuli, saqarTvelos eklesiam
SeZlo saero-samoqalaqo iurisdiqciis Tavis xelSi moqceva, am drois kanoniT
`meore mefe episkoposi aris da qristianTa sjulisa damamtkicebeli~ (bagrat
kurapalatis samarTlis 102 muxli), am viTarebiT unda yofiliyo gamowveuli
kaxeTis saqorepiskoposo xelisuflebis Tavdapirveli sasuliero-saero
xasiaTi, samcxis mTavarepiskopos giorgi Suartylelis mier aseve saerosasuliero xelisuflebis Tavis xelSi aReba, svaneTisa da aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos mTianeTis qorepiskoposebis (episkoposTa warmomadgenlebis) mier
aseve
saero-sasuliero
xelisuflebis
gaTaviseba,
SesaZloa
aseve
sasulierosTan erTad didi saero Zalaufleba hqondaT afxazTa samefoSi
Wyondidel episkosebs, romelTac jer kidev saqarTvelos gaerTianebamde
bizantieli imperatorebi sapatio titulebs (`svingelozi~ protoupertimosi)
urigebdnen.
saqarTvelos
gaerTianebis
Semdeg
eklesiis
aRniSulma
mdgomareobam asaxva saero mmarTvelobazec hpova. ueWveli magaliTia
mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondidelis mosvla qveynis mmarTvelobis sadaveebTan, rac
gamowvlilviTaa naSromSi ganxiluli. saero da sasuliero Zalauflebis
erTobis gamomxatvelia Zvel saqarTveloSi saeklesio krebaTa mowvevis saxe,
rogorc wesi (naSromSi amis uamravi magaliTia moyvanili) saxelmwifo
darbazis sxdoma saeklesio sakiTxis ganxilvis dros ukve warmoadgenda
saeklesio krebas da gamohqonda kidec saeklesio kanonebi. radganac
Cveulebisamebr saxelmwifo darbazis sxdoma xelmwifis karze imarTeboda,
amitomac `monasterni da saepiskoposoni da yovelni eklesiani wessa da rigsa
locvisasa da yovlisa saeklesiosa gangebisasa darbazis kariT miiRebdian,
viTarc kanonisa ucTomelsa, yovlad Sueniersa da dawyobilsa, keTil
wesierebasa locvisa da marxvisasa~6.
mematianes es sityvebi Cveni kvleviT dasturdeba. mravali krebis
ganxilvis Semdeg mivediT imave daskvnamde, rom saero da sasuliero
Zalauflebis mTlianoba iyo ZiriTadi mizezi am uCveulo faqtisa, rom
`darbazis kars~ ufleba hqonda gamoeca saeklesio `wesi da rigi~
nawili II. msoflio saeklesio krebebi
qarTvel episkoposTa monawileobiT
naSromSi Seswavlilia msoflio saeklesio da saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis
krebebi qarTvel, anu istoriuli saqarTvelos miwa-wyalze IV s-dan moRvawe
episkoposTa monawileobiT. Seicavs 9 paragrafs. pirvelSi ganxilulia 325
wels nikeaSi Semdgari I msoflio saeklesio kreba, romelSic ori qarTveli
episkoposi monawileobda biWvinTeli stratofile da trapizunteli
domnusi. meore msoflio saeklesio krebis (381 w.) kanonebs episkoposma
pantofile iberielma moawera xeli, mesame msoflio saelesio krebis (431 w.)
suliskveTebis Seqmna-SemuSavebaSi monawileobda qarTveli e.w. qarTlis

`sparsuli nawilis~ episkoposi ieremia. meoTxe msoflio saeklesio krebas

eswrebodnen sebastopolis episkoposi kirioni da trapezunteli episkoposi
atarve. calke paragrafi eZRvneba cnobis ganxilvas V msoflio (553 w.) krebis
muSaobaSi monawileobdnen Tu ara petras episkoposi ioane da agreTve
faziseli
da
sebastopoleli
episkoposebi.
paragrafi
gamowvlilviT
aanalizebs
wyaroTa
cnobebs,
sadac
gamokvleulia,
rom
dasavleT
saqarTvelos `lazTa episkoposebi~ Sediodnen prokofi kesarielis mier
moxseniebul im `kaTalikosis~ iurisdiqciaSi, romelsac saerTod aqauri
qristianebi eqvemdebarebodnen. es kaTalikosi ki mcxeTeli pirvelierarqia.
maSasadame, aRniSnul dros dasavleTi saqarTvelos e.w. `sofluri~ adgilebi
qarTlis kaTalikosis iurisdiqciaSi Sediodnen, mxolod zRvispira ramdenime
berZnul-romauli cixe-simagre (qalaqi) ar Sedioda mis iurisdiqciaSi.
mxolod 620-30-iani wlebidan, mas Semdeg, rac sparseTSi molaSqre herakle
keisarma qarTlis samefos Camoacila zRvispira teritoriebi (klarjeTis
bolodan vidre mdinare klisuramde), konstantinopolis sapatriarqom
sabolood ganaxorciela Tavisi iurisdiqcia dasavleT saqarTvelos am
zRvispira miwa-wyalze. qarTuli wyaroebis mixedviT VI msoflio saklesio
krebam (681 w.) aRiara saqarTvelos eklesiis mravali, maT Soris sapatriarqo
eklesiad wodebis ufleba, rom `iyos kaTalikosi qarTlisa swori patriarqTa
Tana~, rom `wmida eklesia saqarTveloisa, romelic aris wmida mcxeTa, iyos
swor pativiTa viTarca wmidani samociqulo kaTolike eklesiani~. aseve
ganusazRvravs qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi. am sakiTxis rkvevas
eZRvneba calke paragrafi. miCneulia, rom, radganac, imJamad somxeTisa da
albaneTis kaTalikosebsac gaaCndaT patriarqis wodeba, aseTi wodeba
qarTuli eklesiis meTaursac unda hqonoda. `did sjuliskanonSi~ Semaval e.w.
`gumbadis~ anu trulis saeklesio krebas (691 w.) xels aweren foTis (fasisis)
episkoposi Teodore da petronis (cixisZiris) episkoposi ioane. am sakiTxs
Seiswavlis calke paragrafi. calke paragrafiT SeviswavleT qarTveli
episkoposebis monawileoba VII msoflio wmida saeklesio krebaze (787), mis
dadgenilebas xeli moawera fazisel-trapizuntelma episkoposma qristeforem.
calke paragrafi ixilavs qarTveli episkoposebis monawileobas feraraflorenciis krebaze (1438 w.). am krebas, romelic iyo ara `msoflio kreba~,
aramed kreba, romelSic monawileobdnen konstantinopolis, antioqiis,
ierusalimis
sapatriarqoebi
da
sxva
marTlmadidebeli
adgilobrivi
eklesiebi, maT Soris ruseTisa. am krebis gadawyvetilebebs qarTuli eklesiis
oficialurma delegaciam krebazeve ar moawera xeli. qarTuli wyaros cnobiT
am krebaSi monawileobdnen qarTlis sakaTalikosodan axtaleli episkoposi
danieli, vaxuStis cnobiT, mitropoliti sofroni da erTi sxva qarTveli
episkoposi, xolo afxazeTis sakaTalikosodan Semoqmedeli episkoposi iakobi.
gamokvlevidan naTlad Cans, rom I msoflio krebidanve saqarTvelos
eklesias umWidroesi kavSiri hqonda msoflio eklesiasTan da Tavisi
warmomadgeneli episkoposebis saSualebiT monawileobda msoflio saeklesio
samarTlis Seqmna-SemuSavebaSi.

wigni III.
nawili I. mimdinare krebebi XIX-XX ss
naSromSi ganxilulia XIX-XX saukuneebSi Semdgari 50-ze meti saeklesio
kreba. isini dayofili iqna sam mTavar jgufad: 1) krebebi, romelnic Sedga
avtokefaliis gauqmebidan mis aRdgenamde; 2) 1917 wels Semdgari avtokefaliis
aRmdgeni krebebi; 3) krebebi 1918-1995 wlebisa.
avtokefaliis gauqmebis Semdeg, mTel XIX saukuneSi, ar Semdgara namdvili
warmomadgenlobiTi sruliad saqaRTvelos saeklesio kreba (am SemTxvevaSi
saqarTvelos saegzarqosos saeklesio kreba), mizezi amisa iyo is, rom TviT
ruseTSi, XVIII s. dasawyisidan, ruseTis sapatriarqos gauqmebis Semdeg,
xelisufalTa nebiT ar Catarebula sruliad ruseTis saeklesio kreba, magram
saeparqio saeklesio krebebi Zalze mravali iyo, maT Soris saqarTvelos
saegzarqosos teritoriazec. xelisufalTa mier nebadarTul aseTi Sekrebebis
dros, gansakuTrebiT ki XX s. dasawyisSi, qarTveli sasuliero pirebi
xelsayrel viTarebas xelidan ar uSvebdnen da gabedulad ayenebdnen
Tavdapirvelad skolebsa da eklesia-monastrebSi qarTuli enis, Semdeg ki
sruliad saqarTvelos momcveli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis sakiTxs.
imJamad saqarTvelo, viTarca erTiani administraciuli erTeuli ar
arsebobda,
igi
danawilebuli
iyo
sxvadasxva
guberniaSi,
amitomac
samRvdeloebam miznad daisaxa rogorme ruseTis imperiaSi Seqmniliyo erTiani
administraciuli erTeuli `saqarTvelo~, romelsac garkveuli avtonomiuri
uflebebi eqneboda. es erTeuli unda yofiliyo safuZveli Semdegdroindeli
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliisa (saeklesio kanonebis Sesabamisad
eklesiis avtokefaliis erT umTavres safuZvlad erTiani saxelmwifo an
saxelmwifoebrivi erTeuli iTvleba, romlis sazRvrebsac Tan unda gahyves
eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi).
qarTveli avtokefalistebi xelSemwyob umTavres argumentad miiCevdnen im
faqts, rom ukve arsebobda erTiani saeklesio administraciuli erTeuli
`saqarTvelos saegzarqoso~, swored mis bazaze unda aSenebuliyo momavali
saqarTvelos erTiani sakaTalikoso, romelic eklesiurad gaaerTianebda
dasavleT da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos. saeklesio krebebze uSiSrad
wamoyenebul saqarTvelos avtonomiisa da eklesiis avtokefaliis ideebs rusi
saeklesio moRvaweebi da saimperio wreebi separatizmad naTlavdnen. daiwyo
Sesabamisi represiebi.
1917 wlis Tebervlis revoluciam daamxo saimperatoro xelisufleba,
romelic xels uSlida saqarTvelos avtokefaliis aRdgenis sakiTxis
gadaWras.
xelsayreli
viTarebiT
myisierad
isargebla
qarTvelma
samRvdeloebam, uswrafesad moiwvia 25 marts saeklesio kreba sveticxovelSi,
romelmac aRadgina avtokefalia. es iyo rTuli procesi, romelic dasrulda
imave wlis seqtembris TveSi saqarTvelos I saeklesio krebis mowveviT da
kaTolikos-patriarqis arCeviT.

1918 wels aRsdga saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrioba, risTvisac mTeli XIX

saukunisa da XX saukunis dasawyisSi TavdadebiT iRwodnen qarTveli
saeklesio pirebi. erovnuli saxelmwifos aRdgenis Semdeg mosalodneli iyo,
rom saqarTvelos eklesia Sesabamisi saxelmwifo nebiTa da kanonmdeblobiT
qveyanaSi daiWerda im Rirseul adgils, rac niSneuli iyo misTvis IV-XVIII
saukuneebSi, avtokefaliis gauqmebamde, rom saxelmwifo xels Seuwyobda misi
avtoritetisa
da
gavlenis
gazrdas,
ganaTlebisa
da
kulturis,
sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis sxvadasxva sferoSi. magram moxda piriqiT,
saqarTvelos saxelmwifos imJamindelma mmarTvelobam da socialisturi
(menSevikuri) mimarTulebis mTavrobam saqarTvelos eklesia kanonmdeblobiT
gamoyo saxelmwifosagan, Seuwyvita subsidia, CamoarTva miwebi, uxelfasod
(rogorc krebaze acxadebdnen - ulukmapurod) datova qarTveli samRvdeloeba,
gamoacala mas cxovrebis saxsari, aiZula ezruna ara eris sulier
moTxovnilebaTa
dakmayofilebis,
aramed
ojaxis
gamosakvebi
sarCos
mosapoveblad. am mxriv sul sxvagvarad iyo evropis demokratiul qveynebSi,
magaliTad, saberZneTSi, romelmac iqamde sul ramdenime aTeli wliT adre
aRidgina damoukidebloba, sadac erovnul eklesias konstituciiT mieniWa
upiratesobani. evropis demokratiul qveynebSi qveynis momcvel erT an or
eklesias aniWeben saxelmwifo, erovnuli anda saxalxo eklesiis statuss.
amis Semdeg dadga sakiTxi eklesiis saxelmwifosagan gamijvnis Sesaxeb. II
krebam erTsulovnad daadgina: 1920 wlis I ivliss - `iveriis eklesia uZveles
droidanve uZvelesi erovnuli da kulturuli Zala iyo qarTveli erisaTvis.
eklesia da saxelmwifo TanaSezRuduli da SeTvisebuli iyo mraval
saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi da qarTvel ers arasodes ar daupirispirebia
erTmaneTisaTvis es ori erovnuli Zala. erma eklesiaSi ZvelTaganve
ganasaxiera Tavisi kulturuli cxovreba, aq Caisaxa misi mwerloba,
xuroTmoZRvreba, mxatvroba da sazogado mxatvruli xelovneba.
saeklesio naSTebi saukeTeso Zeglebia qarTveli eris istoriuli
ganviTarebisa.
mraval
saukuneTa
ganmavlobaSi
ukanasknel
saukuneSi
Tavisuflebis dakargvamde, eklesia da saxelmwifo erTis gziT vlidnen da
ganamtkicebdnen erovnuls cxovrebas.
Cveni samSoblos saxelmwoebrivi Tavisuflebis dakargvis Semdgomac ar
daukargavs eklesias Tavisi erovnuli gza. is ganagrZobda brZolasa da
moRvaweobas erovnul da sarwmunoebrivi TavisuflebisaTvis im kulturul
ZalebTan erTad, romelnic iyvnen saxelmwifoebrivi Tavisuflebis ideis
matarebeli. saqarTvelos eklesias aseTi xalxosnuri bunebiT aixsneba, rom
Cvens samSobloSi saxelmwifosa da eklesias Soris ar yofila raime brZola
da ar arsebobda masSi egreT wodebuli klerikalizmi. SemTxveviTi ar
yofila is movlena, rom Cveni erovnuli cxovrebis sxva nawilebTan SedarebiT
eklesiam yvelaze meti brZola ganicada erovnuli Tavisuflebis dasacavad da
1917 wlis 12 marts pirvelad man aRmarTa Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobis
droSa.
Cveni saxelmwifoebrivi Tavisuflebis aRdgena moxda erTi wlis Semdgom
revoluciuri duRilis procesSi. saxelmwi-foebrivi cxovreba jer kidev ar
damtkicebula da ar Camoyalibebula Tavis formaSi. aseTs cvalebadsa da
gardamaval xanaSi saxelmwifoebriv wreebSi ismeba sakiTxi erTmaneTisagan
ganSorebisa da gancalkevebisa saxelmwifosa da eklesiisa, romlebic

mravalsaukunovani
cxovrebiT
iyvnen
erTmaneTTan
SeTvisebuli
da
Sexorcebuli.
saeklesio kreba hfiqrobs, rom eklesiisa da saxelmwifos urTierTisagan
ganSoreba TavisTavad ar warmoadgens saSiSroebas iq, sadac amisTvis
momzadebulia sazogadoebrivi azrovneba, sadac saxelmwifosa da eklesias
SeuZliaT urTierTobis dauxmareblad moawyon sasurvelad orivesaTvis
saerTo sazrunavi sagani eris keTili cxovreba.
saeklesio krebis azriT, Cven jer kidev ver varT imdenad momzadebuli,
rom
erTmaneTis
dauxmarebliv
SevZloT
mSobeli
eris
samsaxuri,
gansakuTrebiT dRes, roca `samkali friad aris, xolo muSakni mcired~ (mat. 9,
37). eklesiis daxmareba da TanamSromloba dResac did samsaxurs gauwevda
saxelmwi-foebrivi simtkicisa da Zlierebis Seqmnis saqmes~.
amgvari
Sesavlis
Semdgom,
saeklesio
kreba
acxadebda,
rom
saxelmwifosagan eklesiis gamijvnis sakiTxi referendumis gziT unda
gadawyvetiliyo. misi azriT, am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT Tavad ers unda mieRo
gadawyvetileba. kreba imasac uSvebda, rom SesaZlebeli iyo xelisuflebas
referendumamde arc ki mieyvana saqme da Tavad gadaewyvita saxelmwifosagan
eklesiis gamocalkeveba. am SemTxvevaSi kreba iSveliebda ra wmida pavle
mociqulis sityvebs: `xelmwifebasa mas umTavresisasa daemorCilen~ (rom. 13, 1),
emorCileba damfuZnebeli krebis uzenaes nebas. am SemTxvevaSi eklesia
iTxovda
rac
SeiZleba
umtkivneulod
momxdariyo
es
gamocalkeveba
saxelmwifosagan da iseTi ram `uflebrivi pirobani~ SemuSavebuliyo, rom am
gamijvnis Semdeg eklesias Tavis samarTlebrivi uflebebi hqonda qveyanaSi.
yvelaferTan erTad, eklesia zemoxsenebul uflebebSi saarsebo wyaros
gaTvaliswinebasac gulisxmobda. saxelmwifos unda ezruna ruseTisagan
iveriis eklesiisaTvis warTmeuli qonebis dabrunebaze. amasTan, Tavis mxriv
TviTon saxelmwifosac unda daemtkicebina eklesiisaTvis Tavisi saeklesio
qoneba.
miRebuli dadgenileba daegzavna saqarTvelos mTavrobis Tavmjdomares,
baton noe nikolozis-Ze Jordanias da damfuZnebeli krebis Tavmjdomaris
ufros amxanags aleqsandre spirodonis-Ze lomTaTiZes (sapatriarqos arqivi, II
saeklesio kreba).
eklesiis gaugonari devna daiwyo 1921 wlis 25 Tebervlis, saqarTvelos
xelmeore okupaciis Semdeg. ssrk-Si eklesia saxelmwifosagan, xolo
eklesiisagan skola ara Tu gamoiyo, aramed aTeistur saxelmwifos surda
eklesia faqtiurad gadaeqcia usaxsro kerZo organizaciad, Tumca ki grZnobda
mis Sinagan Zalas da garkveuli SiSiT epyroboda. bolSevikebma ver gabedes
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis xelyofa mas Semdegac ki, rac genuis
konferenciis
saSualebiT
saqarTvelos
kaTalikos-patriarqma
ambrosi
xeliaiam mimarTa evropisa da msoflios qveynebs yuradReba miepyroT
qarTveli xalxis umZimesi yofisaTvis imperiul saxelmwifoSi da aRedginaT
misi saxelmwifoebrivi damoukidebloba. am dros mravali saeklesio krebidan
Canda, rom devnili eklesiis sasuliero wodeba or jgufad gaiyo.
loialurad ganwyobilma nawilma IV krebis Semdeg rogorRac SeZlo
moegvarebina urTierToba saxelmwifosTan.
1991
wlis
Semdeg,
rac
aRsdga
saqarTvelos
saxelmwi-foebrioba,
saqarTvelos eklesias konstituciiT ar mieniWa, `erovnuli~ anda `saxalxo~
eklesiis statusi, rogorc amas iTvaliswinebs evropis mravali demokratiuli

qveynis konstitucia. Tumca ki saxelmwifom aRiara qarTuli eklesiis

warsuli roli da dado masTan sakonstitucio SeTanxmeba.
naSromSi ganxilulia 50-ze meti saeklesio kreba, romelTa analizic
aCvenebs, rom saqarTvelos eklesiam SeZlo Tavisi xalxisaTvis SeenarCunebina
wmida marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoeba urTules XIX-XX ss-Si, rac safuZveli
iqneba imisaTvis, rom momavalSi kvlav daiWiros is adgili sazogadoebaSi,
rac niSneuli iyo misTvis warsulSi.

nawili II. saqarTvelos eklesiis mmarTveli ierarqia

1. gamoirkva, rom qarTuli eklesiis ierarqiuli mowyobis saxe
Seesabameboda mociqulTa 34-e kanons. am kanonis Tanaxmad, II-III saukuneebSi da
IV saukunis dasawyisSi pirvelqristianul `erebs~ hyavdaT Tavisi episkoposebi
da maT Soris `pirveli~. saxelmwifos mier qristianuli eklesiis aRiarebis
epoqaSi provinciaTa sazRvrebi daamTxvies eTnojgufebis (xalxebis, erebis)
gansaxlebis sazRvrebs, aitomac 34-e kanoniT `eri~ gauTanabrda romaul
provincias. am kanonis Sesabamisad, Tavdapirvelad yvela provinciis eklesia
iyo TavisTavadi da imarTeboda sakuTari episkoposebis krebis mier. TandaTan
aseTi eklesiebi romis imperiis axali dayofis Sesabamisad gaerTiandnen
diocezebSi) saegzarqosoebSi da, sabolood, sapatriarqo eklesiebSi.
dakarges TavisTavadoba da moewynen axali administraciuli mmarTvelobis
Sesabamisad. saqarTvelo ar iyo romis imperiis nawili, amitomac misi eklesia
ver gaerTiandeboda romaul diocezSi, qarTulma eklesiam SeinarCuna Tavisi
mowyobis
Tavdapirveli
saxe.
bolomde,
avtokefaliis
gauqmebamde,
adgilobrivi eklesiis mier gamorCeuli erTi meTauriT (miuxedavad imisa, rom
am
meTaurs
saukuneTa
mixedviT
uwodebdnen
sxvadasxva
saxelebs:
`mTavarepiskoposs~, `kaTolikoss~, `patriarqs~) ierarqiuli mmarTvelobis saxe
ucvleli rCeboda da iyo Sesabamisi 34-e kanonisa. CvenSi istoriulad
arsebobda ori aseTi saeklesio olqi: afxazeTis sakaTalikoso da qarTlis
sakaTalikoso. unda aRiniSnos isic, rom XI-XIV saukuneebSi saqarTvelos
saxelmwifoebrivi erTianobis dros saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi viTarca
erTian administraciul erTeulSi orive (zemoT aRniSnuli sakaTalikoso)
iyo gaerTianebuli. qarTlis kaTalikoss mieniWa sruliad saqarTvelos
patriarqis tituli, romelsac, viTarca uxucess, eqvemdebareboda afxazeTis
kaTalikosi.
2. saqarTvelos eklesiis ierarqTa Soris gamoirCeoda qorepiskoposi (VIIXV saukuneebsa da mis Semdgomac). amiT qarTli eklesia gansxvavdeboda
`berZnuli~ (msoflio) eklesiisagan, saqme isaa, rom (romaul) bizantiur
eklesiaSi
qorepiskoposis
instituti
moispo
Sesabamisi
saeklesio
kanonmdeblobiT IV saukuneSi ankiriis, neokesariis, laodokiis da sxv.

krebaTa kanonebiT. IV s-is meore naxevridan qorepiskoposTa instituti gaqra

msoflio saeklesio cxovrebidan. qarTul eklesiaSi ki misi mniSvneloba
ucvleli darCa. amitomac gamovTqvamT mosazrebas, rom qarTuli eklesia
ierarqiulad organizaciulad iqamde, IV s-mde iyo Seqmnili. masSi iseTi
Zlieri yofila ZvelTaganve msoflio eklesiaSi arsebuli ierarqiuli
institutebi, rom IV s-Ta akrZalvebma da, ufro metic, am institutis saerTod
gauqmebam
msoflio
eklesiaSi,
qarTulze
gavlena
ver
iqonia
da
qorepiskoposebis instituti CvenSi bolomde arsebobda.
qarTul eklesias V saukuneSi rom mieRo avtokefalia, misi zemdgomi
berZnuli eklesia imJamindeli saeklesio kanonmdeblobiT saqarTvelos
eklesiaSi qorepiskoposis instituts ar SemoiRebda da igi CvenSi arc
iarsebebda, vTqvaT, iseve, rogorc ar arsebobda Tavisi Tavdapirveli
mniSvnelobiT rusul eklesiaSi.
3. mwignobarTuxucesi, es upirvelesi saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis
saxelo qarTuli eklesiis xelSi iyo moqceuli istoriulad. rac unda
miuTiTebdes saxelmwifo samarTlis sferosa da saxelmwifo sammarTvelo
sistemaze qarTuli eklesiis ZvelTaganve arsebul zegavlenas, maTaliTad, V
s-is
dasawyisSi
qarTlis
kaTalikosi
glonoqori
imavdroulad
iyo
saxelmwifos uzenaesi xelisufali: erisTavi qarTlisa da hereTisa.
4. moZRvarT-moZRvari, `rjulis moZRvarTa~ uxucesi, pirvelqristianul
TemSi, `didaqes~ Tanaxmad, didi mniSvneloba eniWeba moZRvrobis instituts.
saxelmwifos mier qristianobis aRiarebis Semdeg `moZRvrebis~ damoukidebelma
institutma Tavisi funqciebi dakarga, magram aRmosavleTis eklesiebSi maT
didad SeinarCunes Tavisi didi gavlena da mniSvneloba, somxeTSi gadaiqcnen
`vardapetebad~
(rjulis
mcodne
maswavleblebad),
saqarTveloSi
ki,
`moZRvrebad~. daZabuloba da konfliqti episkoposebsa da didaskaloi-ebs
(moZRvrebs) Soris istoriulad gadailaxa IV s-Si. sabolood, msoflios
eklesiaSi es instituti IV s. Semdeg, gauqmda. saqarTveloSi ki SemorCa, am
SemTxvevaSic ki unda vivaraudoT, rom qarTuli eklesiis organizeba rom
momxdariyo
IV
s-is
Semdeg
`moZRvrobis~
instituti
CvenSic
ar
Camoyalibdeboda.
qarTuli ierarqiis Seswavla safuZvels gvaZlevs vivaraudoT, rom IV-V
saukuneebSi qarTuli eklesiis zemdgomi eklesia ar yofila bizantiuri
eklesiebi da, Sesabamisad, qarTuli eklesia Camoyalibda II-III saukuneebSi, is
CamoyalibebisTanave TavisTavadi iyo mcire aziis mezobeli eklesiebis
msgavsad. amas miuTiTebs qorepiskoposisa da moZRvris, sxva msgavsi
institutebis arseboba CvenSi bizantiuri saeklesio akrZalvebis mouxedavad.
amasve unda miuTiTebdes iseTi Zveli sxva institutebis da tradiciis
ucvleli arseboba CvenSi rogoric aris `aRapi~ (`aRapi~ CvenSi XX saukunemde
arseboda, maRal mTaSi ki vidre dRemdea SemorCenili, msoflio eklesiaSi ki
`aRapi~ kanonmdeblobiT aikrZala IV saukuneSi). aseve vTqvaT aRmosavleTis
eklesiebisaTvis I saukuneebidanve damaxasiaTebeli saqonlis (kuratis, cxvris,
frinvelis) `Sewirva~ anda wirva samRvdelo Sesamoselis gareSe (rac Cven
`soflur~ eklesiebSi SemorCenili iyo TviT XI saukunemde da sxv).
qarTuli ierarqiis Seswavla saSualebas iZleva gamoiTqvas mosazreba, rom
qarTul eklesias IV-V saukuneebSi ar hyavda zemdgomi eklesiebi da is
Camoyalibebuli iyo qristianobis I saukuneebSive mcire aziis berZnuli
eklesiebis (galateas, pontos, frigiis) msgavsad.

 I.


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 III, I.
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METROPOLIT ANANIA JAPARIDZE
CHURCH SYNODS IN GEORGIA
Basic Conclusion
Due to a frequency and a depth of crimes caused by heavy foreign and internal circumstances, for
rooting out of which the state power (i.e. the powers of the King and of the nobility) seemed to be
insufficient, to exercise the Churchs authority and its effective involvement has become necessary,
that was reflected in the juristic science. Owing to an increased role of the Church in the States affairs
number of issues related to the State Law and the everyday civilian life were regulated by norms of the
canonic law, within the limits of competence of the Church Courts.
(To make a clear idea about the powers of the Catholicos throughout the country and of the
bishops in the region we may consider an example of the Atskuri Bishop: A large number of important
criminal and civil cases were subordinated to the competence of the Court of the Atskuri Bishop, who
had exercised the supreme legal powers together with Atabagi. His limits of authority covered also the
major state crimes. The powers of Atabagi and of the Atskuri Bishop were integrated and had a
certainly mixed nature as regards to the criminal cases. At the same time the Church regulated the civil,
family and heritage-related matters).
The Georgian Church from the very beginning obtained the features of a state establishment.
Therefore, its legal aspects were closely connected with the State Law. As a rule (not taking into
account some major exceptions), the Church Synod (Council) in Georgia represented a State Darbazi
(The State Council Sitting). For instance, while considering or discussing on the church-related matters,
the State Darbazi was transforming into the Church Synod. This was promoted by the fact that the
leaders of the State Darbazi the clergy were the top officials of the State: two catholicoses:
Catholicos of Kartli and Catholicos of Abkhazeti, Mtsignobartukhutsesi-Tchkondideli and head of
Bishops, while the significant part of the Darbazi members were the bishops and the other priest. The
Synod of such the membership (with participation of both civil and church officials) was empowered
(with a participation or by an order of the King) to resolve the church related matters, i.e. the Darbazi

as the Church Synod adopted and issued the Church Laws and Orders, belonging not only to the
Church sphere, but to the Civil Law, too and expressing the integrity of the State and Church Powers.
CURRENT CHURCH SYNODS IN GEORGIA
An analysis of Church Synods (Both Legislative and current ones) based upon reviewing the
Church Laws illustrates that the Georgian Church from the very beginning of its formation was a
singled-out church unit, independent from other churches. Since the IV century a process of integration
of the church and the state (civil) power has started. This fact is well-illustrated in Moktsevai
Kartlisai, that says that the head bishop Glonikor is Mtskheta was considered to be Eristavi of Kartli
and Hereti region (the highest State person). According to Arsen Sapareli, in the times of governance of
Persian, the same right were granted to the Church of Armenia Within the period of legal chaos of
governance of Arabs, who controlled only partially some regions of Georgia and Georgian State Power
has not been yet formed completely, the Georgian Church enabled to subordinate under its jurisdiction
both the civil and the church powers. According to ecclesiastical laws of that time, the bishop was
considered a Second King and a creator of the Christian legal norms (see Article 102 of the Legal
Code of Bagrat Kurapalati). Perhaps, this factor caused an integrated civil-and-church nature of powers
of Kakheti cor-episkopian unit, subordination of civil-and-church powers by Head Bishop of Samtskhe
Giorgi Shuartklerli and by cor-bishops (representatives of the Bishop) of Svaneti and mountainous
regions of the Eastern Georgia under their jurisdiction. We think that the same rights were granted to
the bishops of Chkondidi in Abkhaseti, to whom the Byzantian Emperor has granted various titles of
honor (Svingeloz, Protoupertimoc) until Georgias unification. Since the times Georgia has become
an unifed state, the above mentioned situation of the Church reflected also on the state (civil)
governance. One of the clear examples is fact that Mtsignobartukhutsesi-Chkondideli has become a
leader of the State Power. This fact is analyzed in details in the given Work. A fact of integration of the
church and civil powers is a type of conversation of church synods in Ancient Georgia. As a rule (there
are Large number of examples in the Work in this regards) the State Darbazi (council) when
considering the church-related matters was transformed into the Church Synod and adopted the church
canons. Sittings of the Darbazi were held in Kinggs Palace and all the laws adopted were considered
as the highest legislative norms (according to Kartlis Tskhovreb).
There words of an annalist are confirmed by our surveys, as well. As a result of a an analysis of
number of church synods we came to conclusion that a main reason of this unusual fact was an until of
civil and church powers.
GEORGIAN BISHOPS ON ECUMENICAL COUNCILS
Basic Conclusion
The work considers the Ecumenical Councils and the other ones having an international
importance, in which Bishops from Georgia were participated. The work consists of 9 chapters.
The first chapter describes the I Ecumenical Council held in Nikea in 325 a.d., in which two
Georgian bishops Stratophyl from Pitsunda and Domnus from Trapezund were participated. The
canons of II Ecumenical Council (381 a.d.) were signed by the Iberian bishop Pantophiler. In formation
of a sprint of III Ecumenical Council (431 a.d.) the bishop Ieremia of a so called Persian part of
Kartli took part. Bishop of Sebastopol and Bishop of Atarve were the participants of IV Ecumenical
Council.
A separate chapter of the Work is devoted to consideration of an issue related to participation of
the bishop Ioane from petra in the V Ecumenical Council and the bishops from Phazisi and Sebastopol.
The Chapter provides a detal analysis of historical chronicles and sources, from which it becomes clear
that the lazi Bishops from Western Georgia were subordinated to the jurisdiction of the Catholikos

from Mtskheta, mentioned by Prokophi from Kessaria. In tat times the so called settlements of
Western Georgia, excluding some forts (towns) of Rome-Greece origin located at the seashore of the
Black Sea were also under the jurisdiction of the Catholicos of Kartli. Beginning from 620-30 a.d. as a
result of military campaign of Byzantian Emperor Heraclus to Persia, when the emperor has
subordinated to his jurisdiction a part of the territory of Kartli (from Klarjeti to the river of Kelasuri),
the Patriarchy of Konstantinopolis has finally covered under its jurisdiction these lands of Wstern
Georgia.
According to Georgian sources, VI Economical (681 a.d.) confirmed many rights of Georgian
Church, including the right to name itself as the Church of the patriarch and the right of Catholicos of
Kartli to be equal with Patriarch and acknowledge the holly spirit of Georgian Church of Mtskheta
equally with the catholic Churches. VI Ecumenical Council has also determined the boundaries of
jurisdiction of Georgian Church. A separated chapter is devoted to the study of this matter. It has been
proved that while the Catholicoses of Armenia and Albania had a title of Patriarch, the same title,
obviously, was granted to Georgian Patriarch, as well. The Georgian Nomokanon says the Church
Canons of so called Trule Council (691 a.d.) were signed by the bishop Teodor from Poti (Phazisi)
and Bishop Ioane from Tsikhisdziari.
This matter is provided in a separate of the Work.
A separate chapter is devoted also to VII Ecumenical Council (787 a.d.) the resolution of which
was signed by bishop Christopore of Phazisi and Trapezund.
A separate chapter describes a participation of Georgian Bishops in Ferrera-Phlorenzia Council
(1481 a.d.). The latter was not called a Ecumenical Council. It was a one in which the bishops from
Konstantinopolis, Antiokia, Jerusalem and other orthodox churches, including the Russian Church,
were taking part. Resolution of this Council was not signed by Georgian delegation at all. According to
Georgian Chronicles, the Council was attended by the Bishop Daniel from Akhtala, who represented
Kartli and the Bishop Iaacob from Shemokmedi, Abkhazeti.
The researches and studies performed within the frames of the present Work illustrates clearly that
beginning from I Ecumenical Council the Georgian Church had established close contacts with the
international ecclesiastical society through its representatives, participating in elaboration and
formation of the international Church Canons.
SYNODS OF GEORGIAN CHURCH IN XIX-XX CENTURIES
The work consideres more than fifty local synods of the Georgian Church. The analysis of these synods
shows that the Georgian Church managed to preserve for the nation the holly spirit of the Orthodox
church in the very controversial period of XIX-XX centuries. This will serve as a basis for returning
back to the Georgian Church its usual place in the society.
GOVERNING HIERARCHY OF GEORGIAN CHURCH
A close study of the Georgian Church enables us to express an opinion that in IV-V centuries the
Georgian Church had no superior church (i.e. the Georgian Church had not been subordinated to a
jurisdiction of any other church) and it was created in the first centuries of the Christianity like the
other neighboring churches of the Middle East (Galatia, Ponto, Phrygia)
wyaroebi da literatura

saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebi

wigni I. sakanonmdeblo krebebi XII-XX ss
1. i. doliZe, qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III t. 1970 w. winasityvaoba, gv. 5
2. iv. javaxiSvili, qarTuli samarTlis istoria, wigni 1, Txzulebani, t. VI,
1982, gv. 24-26.
3. k. kekeliZe, qarTuli lit. istoria, I, gv. 569.
4.
D=Wsgby- Wthrjdyjt Ghfdj- 1994- c= 16.
5. D=Wsgby- Wthrjdyjt Ghfdj- 1994- c= 17
6. iv. javaxiSvili, Txz. VI, 1982, gv. 15. 7.
iqve, gv. 7-8.
8. qarTlis cxovreba, t. IV, 1973, gv. 156. 9. iqve, gv. 824
10.
ioane bagrationi, sjuldeba, 1957, gv. 23-27. 11.
iqve, gv. 25. 12.
iqve, gv. 76.
13.
`kalmasoba, II, 1948, gv. 28. 14. iqve, gv. 23. 15. iqve, gv. 23. 16. iqve, gv.
24.
17.
iqve, gv. 31
18.
- , , 1900,
. 84.
19.
`samarTali batoniSvilis daviTisa~, 1964, gv. 85. 20. iqve, gv. 162. 21.
iqve, gv. 22.
22.
kaTolikos-patriarqi kalistrate, `mware mogonebani~, manglis
walkis eparqiis arqivi, s. #7, xelnaweris asli, gv. 44. 23. iqve, gv. 21. muxli
100, gv. 163. 24. iqve, gv. 164.
25.
`samarTali batoniSvilis daviTisa~, 1964, gv. 166. 26. iqve, 167. 27.
iqve, gv. 170. 28. iqve, 171. 29. iqve, gv. 171.
30. a. amilaxvari,
`brZeni aRmosavleTisa, anu saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis
mowyobis misi gansazRvra~, Tbilisi, 1997, gv. 16. 31. iqve, gv. 17. 32. iqve, gv. 27.
33. iqve, gv. 42. 34.
iqve, gv. 68.
35.
n. urbneli (xizanaSvili), rCeuli iuridiuli naCwerebi, 1982, gaz.
`iveria~, 1888, #38, 47, 75, 270, 271.
36.
`moambe~, 1898, #3, 4.
37.
:eh= vby= yfh= ghjc=- 1904- #2, gany. 2, gv. 358-372.
38. `cnobis furceli~, 1905, #28-66
39.
gaz. `iveria~, 1906, #10-13.
40.
iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani Tormet tomad, tomi VI, 1982, gv. 52. 41.
iqve, gv. 53. 42. iqve,, gv. 54. 43. iqve, gv. 55. 44. iqve, gv. 56. 45.
iqve, gv. 60.
46.
moambe, 1898, #3, 4.
47.
iv. javaxiSvili, qarTuli samarTlis istoria, wigni I, Txzulebani
12 tomad, tomi VI, 1982, gv. 65. 48.
iqve, gv. 67. 49. iqve, gv. 36. 50. iqve, gv. 67.
51. iqve, gv. 38. 52.
iqve, gv. 38-41. 53. iqve, gv. 43. 54. iqve, gv. 45. 55. iqve, gv. 46.
56.
iqve, gv. 68. 57. iqve, gv. 88. 58. iqve, gv. 89. 59. iqve, gv. 90. 60. iqve, gv.
99.
61.
iqve, gv. 102. 62. iqve, gv. 108. 63.
iqve, gv. 111. 64. iqve, gv. 112.
65.
iqve, gv. 113.
66.
D= Cjrjkmcrbq- $Uhtrj-hbvcrjt ghfdj d ekj;tybb Uhepbycrjuj Wfhz
Df[nfyuf VI, :ehy= Vby= Yfh= Ghjc=- 1897- IX, c= 56_93.

67.

iv. javaxiSvili, qarTuli samarTlis istoria, wigni I, Txzulebani

12 tomad, tomi VI, 1982, gv. 114. 68.
iqve, gv. 122. 69. iqve, gv. 253. 70. iqve, gv.
68.
71. iqve, gv. 88.
72.
k. kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria, t. I, 1980, gv. 559.
73.
Dk= <tytitdbx+ Uhepbycrbq Dtkbrbq Yjvjrfyjy gj cgbcrfv
N,bkbccrjuj wthrjdyjuj veptz ${hbcnbfy= Dtcnybr$- n= II, cnh= 350_351. 74 iv.
javaxiSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 19-30. 75. iqve, 564. 76. iqve, 567.
77.
T. Jordania, qronikebi, II, gv. 294-297.
78.
k. kekeliZe, dasax. naSr., 564. 79 n. urbneli, saeklesio
sjulmdebloba, Zegliswera, `iveria~, 1888, #38, 46, 75, 270, 271.
80.
n. urbneli, saeklesio sjulmdebloba, Zegliswera, `iveria~, 1888,
#38, 46, 75, 270, 271.
81.
k. kekeliZe, etiudebi Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoriidan, t.
IV, 1957 w. gv. 572. 82. iqve, gv. 336-357. 83. iqve gv. 336-357.
84.
Gkfnjy Bjctkbfyb+ :bpytjgbcfybt cdzns[===- 1850- c= 7- 8.
85.
p. karbelaSvili, ierarqia saqarTvelos eklesiisa, Tb., 1900, gv. 24.
86.
iqve, gv. 25. 87. iqve, gv. 27. 88. iqve, gv. 28. 89. iqve, gv. 29. 90. iqve, gv.
30.
91.
iqve, gv. 31. 92.
iqve, gv. 32. 93.
iqve, gv. 27. 94. iqve, gv. 33. 95. iqve,
gv. 37.
96.
iqve, gv. 38. 97. iqve, gv. 188. 98.
iqve, gv. 91.
99.
saqarTvelos samoTxe, gv. 262-264.
100.
qarTlis cxovreba, gv. 169-170
101.
p. karbelaSvili, ierarqia saqarTvelos eklesiisa, Tb., 1900, gv. 72.
102. iqve, gv. 74.
103.
vaxuSti, ist. 279, q.c. 449 da qronikebi Jordaniasi, gv. 176 da 186.
104.
p. karbelaSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 98. 105. iqve, gv. 104. 106. iqve, gv.
126.
107.
iqve, gv. 127 108. iqve, gv. 129, wyarod miuTiTebs - Vw[tncr= frns- gv.
238.
109.
iqve, gv. 130. 110. iqve, gv. 123. 111. iqve, gv. 133. 112. iqve, gv. 134. 113.
iqve, gv. 135. 114. iqve, gv. 138. 115. iqve, gv. 139. 116. iqve, gv. 153. 117. iqve, gv. 144;
118.
iqve, gv. 145. 119. iqve, gv. 146. 120. iqve, gv. 152. 121.
iqve, gv. 156. 122.
iqve, gv. 159. 123. iqve, gv. 161, SeniSvna 1. 124. iqve, gv. 1611. 125. iqve, gv.
164.
126.
iqve, gv. 166. 127. iqve, gv. 178. 128. iqve, gv. 185. 129.
iqve, gv. 187.
130.
m. kelenjeriZe, saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso eklesiis mokle
istoria, `saRmrTo sjuli~, Tb. 1993, gv. 257-423. 131. iqve, gv. 314. 132.iqve, gv.
317.
133.
iqve, gv. 318. 134. iqve, gv. 319.
135.
g. nadareiSvili, niko mari da qarTuli samarTlis istoriis
sakiTxebi, 1989, gv. 13. 136. qve, gv. 14. 137.
iqve, gv. 14. Wthrjdyst dtljvjcnbN3- 1907- c= 123- 126= 138. iqve, gv. 15.
139.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. I, 1996, t. 2, 1998.

140.
a. kikviZe, vis ekuTvnis bagrat kurapalatis samarTlis saxeliT
cnobili samarTali? ix. masalebi saqarTvelos eTnografiisTvis, t. XVIXVII, Tb., 1972, gv. 234.
141.
g. nadareiSvili, niko mari da qarTuli samarTlis istoriis
sakiTxebi, 1989 gv. 17.
142.
Zveli qarTuli literaturis qrestomaTia, 1946, gv. 175.
143.
g. nadareiSvili dasax. naSr., gv. 17. 144. iqve, gv. 18. 145. iqve, gv. 19.
146.
mTavarepiskoposi
anania
jafariZe,
saqarTvelos
samociqulo
eklesiis itoria, t. 2, 1998, gv. 97-107.
147.
karT. me-6 kan., saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1987, gv. 239.
148.
g. nadareiSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 92. 149. iqve, gv. 23-24. 150. iqve, gv.
23.
151.
didi sjuliskanoni, 1975, gv. 552.
152.
g. nadareiSvili, niko mari da qarTuli samarTlis istoriis
sakiTxebi, 1989, gv. 25. 153. iqve, gv. 25.
154.
z. WumburiZe, qarTuli wignis moamageni, 1981, gv. 5.
155.
mxiTar goSi, samarTlis wigni, naw. I, $3, iqve, gv. 24.
156.
g. nadareiSvili, `n. mari da qarTuli samarTlis sakiTxebi~, gv. 29.
157.
n. mari, qarTuli kulturuli ...., mnaTobi, 1925, #5-6, gv. 303.
158.
mnaTobi, #4, 1925, gv. 208.
159.
g. SaraZe, Teimuraz bagrationi, cxovreba, 1972, gv. 122.
160.
al. vaCeiSvili, narkvevebi qarTuli samarTlis istoriidan, t. I,
1946, t. II, 1948. gv. 6.
161.
Karst, Code dAghbougha, Tome II, 1938, p. 5,6.
162.
al. vaCeiSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 7.
163.
s. kakabaZe, sjulmdebeli bagrat kurapalati, 1912.
164.
al. vaCeiSvili, nawyvetebi qarTuli samarTlis istoriidan, I, 1946,
gv. 1.
165.
qarTuli samarTlis istoria, 1928, gv. 18.
166.
al. vaCeiSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 2. 167. iqve, gv. 131. 168. iqve, gv. 132.
169.
iqve, gv. 134. 170. iqve, gv. 35.
171.
al. vaCeiSvili, narkvevebi qarTuli samarTlis istoriidan, t. II,
1948, gv. 49. 172. iqve, gv. 51. 173. iqve, gv. 55.
174.
iv. surgulaZe, qarTuli samarTlis istoriis wyaroebi, 1984, gv. 221.
175.
iqve, gv. 222. 176. iqve, gv. 220. 177. iqve, gv. 12. 178.
iqve, gv. 14.
179.
ak. SaniZe, qarTvelTa monasteri bulgareTSi, 1971, gv. 124-125,
leqsikoni..
180.
iv. surgulaZe, dasax. naSr., gv. 143.
181.
z. ratiani `saqarTvelos socialuri wyoba XII XIV saukuneebSi~,
1970, gv. 23-24.
182.
i. doliZe, Zveli qarTuli samarTali, Tb. 1953, gv. 42.
183.
z. ratiani, dasax. naSr., gv. 28. 184. iqve, gv. 30. 185. iqve, gv. 40.
186. iqve, gv. 44. 187. iqve, gv. 49. 188.
iqve, gv. 61. 189. iqve, gv. 64.
190.
iv. javaxiSvili, qarTuli samarTlis istoria, wigni I, tf., 1928, gv.
18-19.
191.
g. nadareiSvili, qarTuli samarTlis istoriis narkvevebi, gv. 1971,
16.
192.
iqve, gv. 17. 193. iqve, gv. 18.

194.
`didi sjuliskanoni~ gamosacemad moamzades e. gabiZaSvilma, e.
giunaSvilma, m. dolaqiZem, g. ninuam, Tbilisi, 1975, gv. 12. 195. iqve, gv. 13.
196.
iv. javaxiSvili, qarTuli samarTlis istoria, I, Tbilisi, 1928, gv.
26-28.
197.
`didi sjuliskanoni~, gv. 14., Cvbhyjd R=- J,jphtybt bcnjxybrjd.
198.
am krebulis Sesaxeb dawvrilebiT ixileT `mcire sjuliskanoni~,
gamosacemad moamzada e. giunaSvilma, Tb., 1973. 199 didi sjuliskanoni,
Sesavali, gv. 15.
200.
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, 1970, gv. 5-18.
201.
qronikebi gamocemuli T. Jordanias mier, II, 1897, gv. 82-83.
202.
didi sjuliskanoni, 1975, gv. 16. 203. iqve, gv. 19. 204. iqve, gv. 20. 205.
iqve, gv. 21. 206. iqve, gv. 23. 207.
iqve, gv. 78.
208.
vaxuSti batoniSvili, saqarTvelos istoria, 1885, gv. 174.
209.
didi sjuliskanoni, 1975, gv. 80.
210.
Jurn. `gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademiis uwyebani~, #2, 1996, gv. 57.
211.
i. doliZe, qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. I, 1963, gv. 391; Jurn.
`gelaTis mecnierebaTa akademiis uwyebani~ #2; 1996 w. gv. 57.
212.
iqve, gv. 57-58. 213. iqve, gv. 58. 214. iqve, gv. 58. 215.
iqve,
gv.
58-59.
216.iqve, gv. 59. 217. iqve, gv. 59-60. 218. iqve, gv. 60. 219. iqve, gv. 60-61. 220. iqve, gv.
61.
221.
i.doliZe, Zveli qarTuli samarTali, Tb., 1953.
222.
n.urbneli, aTabagi beqa da aRbuRa da maTi samarTali, gv. 7. 223.
iqve, gv. 83.
224.
g.
inwkirveli,
saxelmwifosa
da
samarTlis
Teoria,
saxelmZRvanelo iuridiuli fakultetis studentebisaTvis, mexuTe gamocema,
Tb. 1979, gv. 121.
225.
f.engelsi, glexTa omi germaniaSi, Tb., 1959, gv.39, iqve, gv. 111.
226.
samarTali batoniSvilisa daviTisa~, d. furcelaZis gamocema, Tb.,
1964; `vaxtang VI, samarTlis wigni, T. enuqiZis gamoc. Tb. 1955; `samarTali
vaxtang meeqvsisa~ i. doliZis gamocema, Tb. 1981; `qarTuli samarTlis
Zeglebi~, i.doliZis gamoc. t. I-VIII, Tb. 1963-74; `berZnuli samarTali vaxtang
VI-is samarTlis wignTa krebulidan~, T. bregvaZis gamocema, Tb. 1964;
`samarTali somxuri, qarTuli versia, Sesrulebuli vaxtang VI-is
brZanebiT~ gamosca l.meliqseTbegma; `qarTuli Zeglebi, kanonmdebloba~, #2,
t. tf. 1927. agreTve IV. . .. , , 1980;
IV, . .. , . . .. , .
1887; Karzt J., Gode du roi Vakhtang VI, Strasbourg, 1934-37. g. kekelia, bagratis
samarTali, 1984.
227.
.. , , , 1964; . ,
, , 1963; , ,
, , 1931; .. , , 1908;
.. , . 1913; , . 1984;
. , . 1913; , ,
, , 1897; , ,
, 1901; Migne, Patrologia Greaca (mravaltomeuli); Migne, Patrologia Latina
(mravaltomeuli); (), -,
, 1980; ,

, .1.1954; ..
, , 1908; .. , , 1888;
.. , . , 1902; ..
; Maxime des Sardes, Metropolite, Le Patriarcat oecumenique
dans LEglise orthodoxe, Paris, 1975; . , , 1894;
, ,
. 1912; , ; . , , . III.
1896; IV 1904; , , , 1882;
.. - (`.. 1899, 1900); ..
, ... 1875; ,
VI , , 1877; , . .
; 1901, .. , , 1906.
228.
saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1974, gv. 130.
229.
`saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1978, gv. 174-176; Ghfdbkf Cdzns[
Fgjcnjkjd- Cdzns[ Cj,jhjd Dctktycrb[ b Gjvtcnys[ b Cdzns[ Jnwjd c
njkmrjdfytvb+ 2= V= 1912- c= 5; saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1974, gv.
131; `mociqulTa, msoflio da adgilobrivi saeklesio krebebisa da wmida
mamaTa kanonTa komentarebi~, saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, 1987, #1, gv. 43;
dogmatur-istoriuli sakiTxebi: a) msoflio saeklesio krebebis mokle
kursi Sedgenili a. lebedevis ` , . III, 1896, . IV, 1904-is
mixedviT; b) dogmaturi RvTismetyvelebis mokle kursi Sedgenili
arqiepiskopos filaretis ` ~ 1882-is
mixedviT g. ruxaZis mier, Tb. 1994.
230.
saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1974, gv. 132.
231.
saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1978, gv. 177-178; saqarTvelos
eklesiis kalendari, 1974, gv. 132. 232. iqve, gv. 132. 233. iqve, gv. 132.
234.
.. , , , 1994, c. 61. 235. iqve, gv. 61. 236. iqve, gv.
68.
237.
iqve, gv. 69. 238. iqve, gv. 74. 239. iqve, gv. 87. 240.
iqve, gv.
87. Iuris ecclesiastici graecorum historia et monumenta. I.B. Pitra. Romae, t. I, 1864; t. II, 1868;
vuv iv ; ov @agiv iv v
!v j j J ; v, ; ;
@ v, jv J; .. @v, ;. ; !v, 1852-1859, .
I-IV.
241. . , 1892.
242.
Ghfdbkf
ghfdjckfdyjq
Wthrdb
c
njkrjdfybzvb
Ybrjlbvf
tg=
Lfkvfncrj_bcnhbqcrjuj- CG<- I, 1911, II, 1912),
243.
$Jgsn rehcf wthrjdyjuj pfrjyjdtltybz$- CG<- 1851; saRvTismetyvelo
krebuli, 1987, #1, gv. 1-3
244.
qarTlis cxovreba, t. I. gv. 104, 197, 88, 86, 110.
245.
., , , 1950, 7, . 39.
246.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. I. gv. 185-204. 247.
iqve, gv. 28.
248.
iv. javaxiSvili, t. VI, 1982, gv. 44. 249. iqve, gv. 44.
250.
epistoleTa wigni, 1968, gv. 111.
251.
didi sjuliskanoni, 1975, gv. 14.

252.
epistoleTa wigni, gv. 102. 253.
iqve, gv. 102-111
254.
al. vaCeiSvili, narkvevebi, qarTuli samarTlis istoriidan, I, 1946,
gv. 167.
255.
iv. javaxiSvili, t. VI, 1982, gv. 42. 256. iqve, gv. 42.
257.
k. kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria, t. I, 1980, gv. 560.
258.
iqve, gv. 469
259.
saqarTvelos samoTxe, gv. 394.
260.
k. kekeliZe, dasax. naSr., gv. 561. 261. iqve, gv. 564.
262.
p. ingoroyva, girogi merCule, 1954, gv. 23. 263.
iqve, gv. 27.
264. mcire sjuliskanoni, e.giunaSvilis gamocema, 1972.
265.
saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, eqvTime aTonelis saeklesio kanonTa
krebuli gadmoRebuli axal qarTul enaze, Tb., 1983, gv. 5.
266.
iv. javaxiSvili, t. VI, gv. 48.
267.
k. kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli lit. ist., I, gv. 564.
268.
e. giunaSvili, winasityva, `mcire sjuliskanoni~, 1972, gv. 4. 269.
iqve, gv. 6. 270. iqve, gv. 11. 271. iqve, gv. 12. 272. iqve, gv. 63. 273. iqve,
gv. 73.
274.
iqve, gv. 77.
275.
giorgi mcire, cxovreba giorgi mTawmidelisa, Zveli qarTuli
agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, wigni II, gv. 1967.
276. iv. javaxiSvili, t. VI, gv. 38.
277.
k. kekeliZe, qarTuli literaturis istoria I, 1960, gv. 284.
278.
didi sjuliskanoni, gamosacemad moamzades e. gabiZaSvilma, e.
giunaSvilma, m. dolaqiZem, Tbilisi, 1975, gv. 20. 279. iqve, gv. 19. 280.
iqve,
gv. 41.
281.
saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, 1987, #1, gv. 1-3.
282.
saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1987.
283.
qarTuli istoriuli sabuTebis korpusi, 1984, gv. 24.
284.
qarTuli samarTlis istoriis wyaroebi, 1984.
285.
didi sjuliskanoni, 1975, gv. 18-19.
286.
i. doliZe, qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t.1. 1963. gv. 581. 287.
iqve, gv. 580. 288.
iqve, gv. 589.
289.
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, .I. gv. 146. 290. iqve, gv. 162. 291. iqve, gv. 210.
292.
iqve, gv. 277. 293. iqve, gv. 321. 294. iqve, 327.
295.
saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, 1987, #1.
296.
saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1999.
297.
`saxelmwifoebrivi katexizmo~, 1999, gv. 18.
298. v.cipini, eklesia da saxelmwifo, dasax. naSr., gv. 148. 299. iqve, gv. 99
300.
b. diasamiZe, qristes mociqulebi gonio-afsarosSi, r.
ramiSvili, biWvintis uZvelesi eklesiebi, qristianuli arqeologiis mesame
samedicino koncefcia, 1999, gv. 3, 6.
301.
mcxeTa,
arqeologiuri
kvleva-Ziebis
Sedegebi;
ramin
ramiSvili, erwos veli gvianarmazul xanaSi, 1973.
302.
Zeglis megobari, 1983, #63, gv. 37-38, seria, materialuri
kulturis Zeglebi.
303.
., , . 46.

304.

moZRvreba Tormeti mociqulisa, jvari vazisa, e. WeliZis

Targmani, 1988, #3, gv. 35.
305.
saqme mociqulTa, XX, 17-18, 28; I petre 5,2; tite 15,7; I tim. III,
12,7.
306.
wm. klimenti romaeli, Jurn, `gza samefo, danarTi, 1997, #3,
gv. 9, Targmani g.zviadaZisa.
307.
wm. dionise preopageli, SeniSvnebi s. enuqaSvilisa, 1961, gv.
261.
308.
didi sjuliskanoni, saeklesio kalendari, 1987. gv. 166.
309. . , , , 1950, 7, . 39; wignSi `saqarTvelos
samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. I, 1996, gv. 185-203.
310.
didi sjulis kanoni, 1975, gv. 546. 311.
iqve, gv. 545.
312.
saq. ekl. kalendari, 1987, gv. 167. 313. iqve, gv. 179.
314.
mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe, saqarTvelos samociqulo
eklesiis istoria, t. 1, 1996, gv. 127-143.
315.
saq. ekl. kalendari, 1987, gv. 178. 316. iqve, gv. 492. 317. iqve,
gv. 185-204.
318.
iqve, 1987, gv. 493.
319.
II ms. krebis me-2 kanoni, saq. eklesiis kalendari, 1987, gv. 210.
320.
C=nhjbwrbq- J Wthrjdyjq fdnjrtafkbb- :VG- 1950, #7, c= 39.
321.
Ghfdbkf cdzns[ dctktycrb[ Cj,jhjd c njkrjdfybzvb- x= 1- V=1877- c= 85- 87.
322.
georgika, t. VIII, 1970, gv. 18. 323. iqve, gv. 120.
324.
III msoflio krebis me-8 kanoni, saq. eklesiis kalendari, 1987,
gv. 251.
325. giorgi mcire, cxovreba giorgi mTawmidelisa, Zveli qarTuli
agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, 1967, wigni II, gv. 152.
326.
giorgi mcire, cxovreba giorgi mTawmidelisa, Zveli qarTuli
agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, 1967, wigni II, gv. 153.
327. iqve, gv. 153. 328. iqve, gv. 154.
329.
. , , . 1994, . 10.
330. giorgi mcire, cxovreba giorgi mTawmidelisa, Zveli qarTuli
agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, 1967, wigni II, gv. 154.
331.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. 1, 1996, gv. 315325.
332.
iqve, gv. 211.
333.
wmida mociqulTa kanonebi, kan. 34, saq. ekl. kalendari, 1987,
gv. 166
334.
Rfhnfitd- Dctktycrbt Cj,jhs- 1963, c+ 412_422=
335.
m.
TarxniSvili,
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
avtokefaliis
warmoqmna da ganviTareba, werilebi, 1994, gv. 133. 336. iqve, gv. 134. 337. iqve,
gv. 134.
338. iqve, gv. 135. 339. iqve, gv. 134. 340. iqve, gv. 143. 341. iqve, gv. 144. 342. iqve, gv.
145.
343.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. II, gv. 70.
344.
qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 111. 345. iqve, gv. 117. 346. iqve, gv. 116.
347.
m. TarxniSvili, 1994, gv. 369. 348. iqve, gv 370.

349.
350.

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. 1, 1996, gv. 147.

iqve, gv. 149. 351. iqve, gv. 157. 352. iqve, gv. 159. 353. iqve, gv. 161.
354. iqve, gv. 169. 355. iqve, gv. 170.
356.
m. TarxniSvili, werilebi, gv. 145.
357.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. 1, gv. 385.
358.
m. TarxniSvili, werilebi, gv. 135.
359.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia, t. I, gv. 193.
360.
qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 137. 361. iqve, gv. 145. 362. iqve, gv. 129.
363. iqve, gv. 140. 364. iqve, gv. 140.
365.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, I, gv. 195.
366.
m. TarxniSvili, werilebi, gv. 136.
367.
qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 199.
368.
episkoposi
anania
jafariZe,
saqarTvelos
samociqulo
eklesiis istoria, t. I, gv. 370-371.
369.
Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, I, 1964,
gv. 93.
370.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, I, gv. 242-256.
371.
p. karbelaSvili, ierarqia saqarTvelos eklesiisa, 1900, gv. 29.
372.
iqve, gv. 31. 373. iqve, gv. 33.
374.
k.
kekeliZe,
etiudebi
Zveli
qarTuli
literaturis
istoriidan, t. IV, 1957 w., gv. 335-336.
275.
`didi sjulis kanoni~, 1975, gv. 546. 376. iqve, gv. 340. 377. iqve, gv. 329.
378.
qarTlis cxovreba, t. 1, gv. 129.
379.
k.kekeliZe, etiudebi, IV, 1957, gv. 330.
380.
qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 196.
381.
saqarTvelos samoTxe, gamomcemuli g.sabininis mier, 1882, gv.
632.
382.
qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 147.
383.
k.kekeliZe, etiudebi, IV, gv. 330.
384.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t.1, 1996, gv. 242256.
385.
qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 197. 386. iqve, gv. 197.
387.
`didi sjulis kanoni~, 1975, gv. 179.
388.
k.kekeliZe, etiudebi, IV, gv. 337. 389. iqve, gv. 346.
390.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. I, gv. 185-203.
391.
k.kekeliZis, etiudebi, IV, gv. 347-349.
392.
saq. samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. I, gv. 315-325.
393.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. II, gv. 89.
394.
k.kekeliZe, etiudebi, IV, gv. 346-349.
395.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. I, gv. 325-438.
396.
k.kekeliZe, ertiudebi, IV, gv. 346.
397.
`didi sjuliskanoni~, saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1987
w., gv. 211.
398.
saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1987 w., gv. 202. 399.
iqve,
gv. 202, SeniSvna.
400.
`didi sjuliskanoni~, saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1987,
gv. 181.
401.
iqve, 1987, gv. 211. 402. iqve, 1987, gv. 210. 403. iqve, gv. 185-203.

404.
iv. javaxiSvili. Txzulebani 12 tomad, t. VI, gv. 67.
405.
iqve, gv. 37. 406. iqve, gv. 36.
407.
v. cipini, saeklesio samarTali, saqarTvelos eklesiis
kalendari, 1999, gv. 149.
408.
narkv., II, 1973, gv. 448. 409. iqve, gv. 435.
410.
iv. javaxiSvili, t. VI, 1982, gv. 89. 411. iqve, gv. 90.
412.
g. nadareiSvili, niko mari da qarTuli samarTlis istoriis
sakiTxebi, 1989, gv. 17. 413. iqve, gv. 92.
414.
nark. II, gv. 390. 415.
iqve, gv. 395.
416.
qrestomaTia, 1946, gv. 110.
417.
., , 1994, . 99. 418. iqve, gv. 105.
419.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, II, 1998, gv. 177-194.
420.
., , , , . 47-48,
wignidan . , , . 35. Sdr.: saxelmwifoebrivi katexizmo,
Tb., 1999, gv. 17. 421. iqve, gv. 47-48.
422.
cxovreba grigol xanZTelisa, qrestomaTia, 1946, gv. 119. 423.
iqve, gv. 96.
424.
., , 5- . . 1913, . 40.
425.
. . , . 200. 426. iqve, gv. 199. 427. iqve, gv. 35-36.
428.
iqve, gv. 204. 429. iqve, gv. 217.
430.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. II, gv. 90.
431.
i.doliZe, Zveli qarTuli samarTali, 1953, gv. 45.
432.
i.doliZe, Zveli qarTuli samarTali, 1953, gv. 450. 433.
iqve,
gv. 47.
434.
iqve, gv. 335.
435.
v. cipini, eklesia da saxelmwifo, saq. ekl. kalendari, 1999,
gv. 146.
436.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. II, gv. 254.
437.
qarTlis cxovreba, t. I, gv. 352.
438.
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, II, gv. 82.
439.
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, 1963, t. 1, gv. 101. 440. iqve, gv.
425. 441. iqve, gv. 402.
442.
iv. javaxiSvili, t. VII, gv. 113.
443.
n. berZeniSvili, t. IX, 1979, gv. 198.
444.
iv. javaxiSvili, t. VII, gv. 115.
445.
iv. javaxiSvili, t. VI, 1982, gv. 60.
446.
qarT. samarT. Zegl., III, 164.
447.
qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 425.
448.
Vw[tncrbt frns- c= 238.
449.
p. karbelaSviuli, ierarqia, saq. ekl. kalendari, 1900, gv. 133.
450.
qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 425.
451.
p. karbelaSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 238.
452.
m. xubua, saqarTvelos muzeumebis sparsuli firmanebi da
hoqmebi, 1949, gv. 10. 453. iqve, gv. 22. 454. iqve, gv. 40. 455. iqve, gv. 11.
456.
g. rogava, qristianuli religia da eklesia saqarTveloSi,
1801-1917 ww., Tb., 1997 w. gv. 33.
457.
. , gv. 238.

458.

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, II, gv. 90. 459.

iqve, gv. 91.

460.
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t.III, 1970, gv. 675.
461.
n.berZeniSvili, `saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebi, t. VI, 1973,
gv. 285.
462.
iqve, gv. 284.
463.
qse, 3, gv. 614.
464.
. C , ,
1912, . XXII.
465.
g. rogava, qristianuli religia da eklesia saqarTveloSi, 1801-1917 ww. 1997, gv.
111. 466. iqve, gv. 200. 467. iqve, gv. 21. 468. iqve, gv. 25
469.
m. TadumaZe, saeklesio glexebis socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareoba
saqarTveloSi (XIXs. I naxevari). 1993, gv. 69.
470.
g. rogava, qristianuli religia da eklesia saqarTveloSi, 1997, gv. 28.
471.
o - , , 1900, . 95. 472. iqve,
gv. 95.
473.
iqve, gv. 111.
474.
g. vaWriZe, imereTis droebiTi mmarTveloba, 1999 w. gv. 250.
475.
., , . 237-238.
476.
iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani, t. VI, 1982, gv. 54.
477.
e. gabiZaSvili, ruis-urbnisis saeklesio kreba, jvari vazisa,
1989, #1, gv. 58.
478.
qse, 8, gv. 468.
479.
didi sjuliskanoni, 1975, gv. 543.
480.
k. kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria, 1980, t. 1,
gv. 571.
481.
`didi sjuliskanoni~, 1975, gv. 545. 482. iqve, gv. 546. 483. iqve,
gv. 546.
484.
`didi sjuliskanoni~, saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1987,
gv. 466.
485.
iqve, gv. 467.
486.
`didi sjuliskanoni~, 1975, gv. 549.
487.
`didi sjuliskanoni~, saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1987, gv.
471.
488.
iqve, gv. 474.
489.
`didi sjuliskanoni~, 1975, gv. 546. 490. iqve, gv. 547. 491. iqve,
gv. 547.
492.
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. III, 1970, gv. 106-127. teqsti
Sejerebulia didi sjuliskanonis (1975) Zeglisweris teqsrTan - gv. 543-559.
493.
Zeglis dadeba mefeT mefis giorgis mier, Sesavali, qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi,
1963, t. I, gv. 402.
494.
q.s.Z. I. gv. 402. 495. iqve, gv. 616.
496.
i. doliZe, Zeglis dadeba, q.s.Z. I. gv. 615. 497.
iqve, gv. 617. 498. iqve, gv.
420. 499. iqve, gv. 421. 500. iqve, gv. 678.
501.
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. I, 1963, gv. 401-421. 502.
iqve,
gv. 425.
503.
iqve, gv. 450. 504. iqve, gv. 621. 505. iqve, gv. 433. 506. iqve, gv. 622. 507.
iqve, gv. 464. 508. iqve, gv 464. 509. iqve, gv. 641. 510. iqve, gv. 630.

511.
512.

iv. javaxiSvili, qarTveli eris istoria, IV, 1941, gv. 143.

i. doliZe, Zveli qarTuli samarTali, 1953, gv. 32. 513.
iqve,
gv. 116. 514. iqve, gv. 117. 515. iqve, gv. 42.
516.
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. I., 1963, gv. 425-473.
517.
iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani, t. III, 1982, gv. 337.
518.
`mcnebai sasjulo~, qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, gv. 222.
519.
episkoposi
anania
jafariZe,
saqarTvelos
samociqulo
eklesiis istoria, t. I, 1996, 315-325.
520.
samarTlis Zegl., III, gv. 222.
521.
iv. javaxiSvili, III, gv. 337.
522.
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, gv. 1970, gv. 675.
523.
iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani, III, gv. 338. 524. iqve, gv. 338.
525.
ruis-urbnisis Zeglis wera, qronikebi, II, gv. 58.
526.
saswaulni sveticxovelisa, iqve, gv. 40-43, 69.
527.
iv. javaxiSvili, t. III, gv. 340.
528.
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, gv. 222. 529. iqve, gv. 223.
530.
k. kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria, I, gv. 568.
531.
qarTuli samarTlis Zegl., III, gv. 225.
532.
k. kekeliZe, dasax. naSr., gv. 568.
533.
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, 1970, t. III, gv. 221-233.
534.
qarTlis cxovreba, IV, 1973, gv. 824.
535.
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, I, 1963, gv. 393. 536. iqve, gv. 396.
537. iqve, 1963, gv. 397.
538.
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, gv. 769.
539.
samarTlis Zeglebi, II, gv. 189. 540. iqve, gv. 182.
541.
samarTlis Zeglebi, I, 1963, gv. 608. 542. iqve, gv. 608.
543.
qronikebi, II, gv. 372. 544. iqve, gv. 414.
545.
k. kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria, II, 1960, gv.
571.
546.
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, II, gv. 605.
547.
k. kekeliZe, qarTuli literaturis istoria, I, gv. 571.
548.
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. I, 1963, gv. 393-397.
549.
Zveli qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. III, gv. 633. 550.
iqve,
gv. 634.
551.
iqve, gv. 634. 552. iqve, gv. 660. 553. iqve, gv. 633. 554. iqve, gv. 633.
555.
Zveli qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, 1963, t. 1. gv. 99.
556.
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, 1963, t. 1. gv. 101. 557. iqve, gv. 100. 558. iqve,
gv. 478. 559. iqve, gv. 532. 560. iqve, gv. 581.
561.
. , -
VI.
562.
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, I, gv. 580. 563. iqve, gv. 582. 564. iqve, gv. 129.
565.
iqve, gv. 582. 566. iqve, gv. 584. 567. iqve, gv. 592. 568. iqve, gv. 594. 569.
iqve, gv. 595. 570. iqve, gv. 602. 571. iqve, gv. 532, vaxtangis bolosityvaoba. 572. iqve, gv. 607.
573.
i. doliZe. `kaTalikozTa samarTali~, q.s.Z.I. gv. 610.
574.
, -XI. 1882. gv. 568-571.
575.
q.s.Z. I.gv. 611. 576. iqve, gv. 396. 577. iqve, gv. 612
578.
. C, - VI,
. . . 1897, gv. 56-93, q.s.Z.I. gv. 639.

579.
al. xaxanaSvili, `batonymoba saqarTvelosi~, 1910. meore gamocema, gv. 50-51.
580.
al. xaxanaSvili, `bizantiis gavlena saqarTvelozed~, gaz. `moambe~ 1901. #XII.
581.
. , , t.1 gv. 110-134. q. s. Z. I. gv.
639.
582.
Holldak, Zwei Grandsteine 1907, gv. 97-102, Haxthausen, Transcaucasia, II,
1856, gv. 282. q.s.Z.I. gv. 638.
583.
al. vaCeiSvili, narkvevebi qarTuli samarTlis istoriidan I, 1946, gv. 18.
584.
iv. surgulaZe, saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da samarTlis istoriisaTvis, 1952, gv.
113.
585.
q.s.Z. gv. 641.
586.
i.doliZe, vaxtangis samarTlis wignTa krebulis Sedgeniloba da wyaroebi, q.s.Z.I.
gv. 650.
587.
iv. javaxiSvili, qarTuli samarTlis istoria, I. gv. 118-119. 588. iqve, gv. 119.
589.
. , , 1880, gv. 20.
590.
qarTuli samarTlis Zegllebi, t. I, gv. 652. 591. iqve, gv. 477. 592. iqve, gv. 478.
593. iqve, gv. 428. 594. iqve, gv. 501. 595. iqve, gv. 525. 596. iqve, gv. 439. 597. iqve, gv. 481.
598. iqve, gv. 673. 599. iqve, gv. 477-539.
600.
l. menabde, qarTlis kaTalikosi evdemoz I, saRvTismetyvelo
krebuli, 1986, #1, gv. 101.
601.
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, gv. 798. 602. iqve, gv. 799. 603.
iqve, gv. 798. 604. iqve, gv. 803.
605.
T. Jordania, `anton I~, saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, #1, 1991, gv.
66.
606.
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. III, 1970, gv. 805.
607.
S. burjanaZe, solomon I-is mefobis pirveli periodi, Tsu
Sromebi, t. 41, 1950, gv. 71.
608.
m. rexviaSvili, imereTi XVIII saukuneSi, 1982, gv, 65.
609.
s. kakabaZe, saeklesio reformebisaTvis solomon I-is dros,
1914, gv. 5.
610.
s. kakabaZe, saeklesio reformebisaTvis solomon I-is dros,
1914, gv. 7.
611.
Frns, Cj,hfyyst Rfdrfpcrjq fh[tjkjubxtcrjq rjvbccbtq- 1866n= I, gv. 56.
612.
saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, t. IV, gv. 641.
613.
s. kakabaZe, dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio sabuTebi, II, gv.
11-12.
614.
n. berZeniSvili, saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebi, t. VI, gv.
412.
615.
qronikebi Sekrebili T.Jordanias mier, III, 1967, gv. 262-264,
krebis ganCineba aRdgenilia Cvens mier.
616.
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, 1970, gv. 848. 617. iqve, gv. 871.
618. iqve, gv. 914. 619. iqve, gv. 1018.
620.
mitropoliti
anania
jafariZe,
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
istoriis wyaroebi, periodizacia da saeklesio istoriografia, Tb., 2002.
621.
iv.javaxiSvili, Txzulebani 12 tomad, t. VI, 1982, gv. 90.
622.
q.c., I, gv. 352.
623.
Zegl., II, gv. 82.

wigni II.
nawili I. saqarTvelos eklesiis mimdinare krebebi IV-XVIII ss
1. i. WavWavaZe, II, gv. 180.
2. gaz. `iveria~, 1888, #4.
3. v. goilaZe, jvari vazisa, 1981, #3.
4.
mcxeTa, arqeologiuri kvleva-ZiebaTa Sedegebi, Tb., t. II, 1978, III, 1980.
5. s. janaSia, feodaluri revolucia saqarTveloSi, Sromebi, gv. 127.
6. sumbat daviTis Ze, cxovreba da uwyeba bagrationTa, 1949, gv. 58.
7. sokrati, eklesiis istoria 1, 20; sozomeni, eklesiis iatoria II, 7;
Teodorite, I, 25.
8. n. janaSia, narkvevebi, gv. 114.
9. `moqceva qarTlisa~, qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi~, III.
10.
m. CxartiSvili, `ninos cxovrebis~ vrceli redaqciis atribucia,
`mnaTobi~, 1987, #5. gv. 147-154. 11. iqve, gv. 149-154.
12.
ivane javaxiSvili, istoriis mizani, wyaroebi da meTodebi, Txzulebani,
VIII, 1977. gv. 326.
13.
Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, t. I. 1964.
14.
p. ingoroyva, qarTuli mwerlobis istoriis mokle mimoxilva, `mnaTobi~, 1939, #4, gv. 105-107.
15.
g. meliqiSvili, saqarTvelos uZvelesi da Zveli istoriis wyaroebi, saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi,
I, gv. 40.
16.
iv. javaxiSvili, Zveli qarTuli saistorio mwerloba, 1945, gv. 171.
17.
k. kekeliZe, etiudebi Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoriidan, IV, gv. 192.
18.
`qarTlis cxovreba~, I, 1955, t. II, 1959, s. yauxCiSvilis gamocema.
19.
q. cx., I, 248. 20. iqve, gv. 244.
21.
g. meliqiSvili `saqarTvelos uZvelesi da Zveli istoriis wyaroebi~,
saqarTvelos istoriis narkv. I, gv. 52.
22.
g. meliqiSvili, farnavazi da farnavazianebi Zvel somxur saistorio
wyaroebSi, `macne~, 1967, #3.
23.
iv. javaxiSvili, Zveli qarTuli saistorio mwerloba, 1945; k. kekeliZe,
qarTuli literaturis istoria, I, 1954, t. II, 1958.
24.
m. TarxniSvili, saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis warmoSoba,
`mnaTobi~, 1989, #11.
25.
g. meliqiSvili, dasax., naSr. gv. 64.
26.
iv. javaxiSvili, Zveli qarTuli saistorio mwerloba, gv. 194.
27.
Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, w. I, 1964. 28. iqve,
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29.
iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani, I., 1979 gv. 27.
30.
Zveli qarT. ag. lit. Zegl. II, 1967.
31.
iv. javaxiSvili, dasaxlebuli naSromi, gv. 142.
32.
Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli lit. Zegl. II. 1967.
33.
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T. papuaSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 409.
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k. kekeliZe, Zv. qarT. lit. istoria I, gv. 263.
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q. c. I, gv. 318-364.
37.
m. lorTqifaniZe, XI_XII s.s. istoriis wyaroebi, narkv. III, 1979, 70
38.
arsen beri, `cxovreba da moqalaqoba da Rvawli wmindisa da Rirsisa
dedisa Cuenisa ninosi~-Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli litereturis
Zeglebi, III, 1971 gv. 45

39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.

narkv., t. II, Tb. 1959.

narkv. III, gv. 433.
saqarTvelos samoTxe~, gamoc. m. sabininis mier, gv. 111.
narkv. III, gv. 471.
k. kek. I, gv. 569.
m. sabinini, qarTuli eklesiis istoria, rus. enaze, spb.
1877.

45.
saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, #12, 1981.
46.

, aTeni, `Teologia~, 1966, Targmnili xelnaweri rus. enaze.
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saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 2001, gv. 113.
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51.
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52.
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53.
iv.javaxiSvili, Txzulebani, t. III, 1982, gv. 340.
54.
saswaulni sveticxovlisa, qronikebi, gv. 40-69.
55.
iv. javaxiSvili, t. III, gv. 340.
56.
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eqvTime aToneli, saeklesio kanonTa krebuli, VI msoflio krebis 33-e
kanonis ganmarteba, saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, #11, 1983, gv. 37.
59.
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60.
saqarTvelos samoTxe, 1882, gv. 632.
61.
saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 2001, gv. 140.
62.
didi sjuliskanoni, 1975, gv. 295.
63.
saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, 1987, #1. 64. iqve, gv. 134-135. 65. iqve, gv. 135.
67.
`qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi~, t I, 1963. 68 `qarTuli samarTlis
Zeglebis~, t. III, 1970.
69.
Seadgines da gamosacemad moamzades T. enuqiZem, v. silagavam, n.
SoSiaSvilma, Tb. 1984, gv. 32
70.
didi sjulis kanoni, saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1987, gv. 211.
71.
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72.
didi sjulis kanoni, iqve, gv. 166. 73. iqve, gv. 179.
74.
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75.
anania jafariZe, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t.1, 1996, gv.
294. 76. iqve, 1996, gv. 295.
77.
qarTlis cxovreba, I gv. 129. 78. iqve, gv. 196.
79.
uwyeba petroz mkawvrelisaTvis, saqarTvelos samoTxe, sabininis
gamocema, 1882, gv. 632.
80.
anania jafariZe, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. 1, gv. 194.
81.
qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 137. 82. iqve, gv. 140. 83.
iqve, gv. 594.
84.
s. janaSia, Sromebi, t. V, 1987, gv. 112.
85.
s. janaSia, Sromebi, t. I, gv. 115.
86.
epistoleTa wigni, 1968, z. aleqsiZis komentari, gv. 152. 87. iqve, gv. 98.
88.
iqve, gv. 99.
89.
giorgi mcire, cxovrebai giorgi mTawmindelisai, Zegl. II, gv. 154.
90.
epistoleTa wigni, z. aleqsiZis komentari, gv. 161.
91.
qarTuli eris istoria, I, gv. 300.

92.
saistorio moambe, I, gv. 50-53.
93.
kanonikuri wyobileba, gv. 320.
94.
epistoleTa wigni, z. aleqsiZis komentari, gv. 161.
95.
georgika, 2, 1965, gv. 88.
96.
epistoleTa wigni, gv. 196.
97.
i. drasxanakerteli, somxeTis istoria, gv. 10.
98.
qarTlis cxovreba, IV, 1973, gv. 750.
100. epistoleTa wigni, z. aleqsiZis komentari, gv. 197.
101. qronikebi, I, gv. 340.
102. epistoleTa wigni, gv. 198.
103. giorgi mcire, `cxovrebai giorgi mTawmidelisai~, Zegl. II, gv. 150.
104. iqve, gv. 149.
105. Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, 1967, gv. 123.
106. iqve, gv. 124. 107. iqve, gv. 146.
108. petriwonis monastris tipikoni, Tavi 35, muxli 11, a.SaniZe, Txzulebani,
t. 11, 1986, 118.
109. qarTlis covreba, gv. 228-229. 110. iqve, gv. 229.
111.
efrem mcire, uwyebai mizezisa qarTvelTa moqcevisasa, 1959, gv. 9.
112. Vb[fbk <htr- Cgbcjr Fynbj[bbcrb[ gfnhbfh[jd- Nhels Rbtdcrjq Le[=
Frfltvbb- 1874- B.ym- c= 397_398.
113.
v. goilaZe, qarTuli eklesiis saTaveebTan, 1991, gv. 170. 114. iqve, gv. 155.
115.
dosiTeosi, ierusalimeli patriarqebi, Tavi 5, gv. 510, wignidan sardeli
mitropoliti maqsimi, qarTuli eklesia da misi avtokefalia, `Teologia~,
aTeni, 1966 w., rusuli Targmani, gv. 47-48.
116. dosiTeosi, ierusalimeli patriarqebi, Tavi 5, gv. 510, wignidan sardeli
mitropoliti maqsimi, qarTuli eklesia da misi avtokefalia, `Teologia~,
aTeni, 1966 w., rusuli Targmani, gv. 48.
117. :ept G=- Uhepbz d 17 cnjktnbb gj bpj,hf;tyb. gfnhbfh[f Vfrfhbz- Rfpfym1905- c= 10_11; v. goilaZe, dasax. naSr., gv. 171.
118.
Vb[fbk <htr- Cgbcjr Fynbj[bbcrb[ Gfnhbfh[jd- Nhels Rbtdcrjq le[=
Frfltvbb- 1874- b.ym- 399_400.
119. v. goilaZe, qarTuli eklesiis saTaveebTan, 1991, gv. 156; Rtrtkblpt R- C=Kbnehubxtcrfz cghfdrf gj djghjce j, fdnjrtafkbb uhepbycrjq wthrdbetiudebi, t. VII, 1961, gv. 254, SeniSvna.
120. efrem mcire, `uwyebai...~, gv. 10.
121. georgika, IV, naw. II, gv. 180-181; Sdr. saq. ist. narkv., II, gv. 423-24; v.
goilaZe, qarTuli eklesiis saTaveebTan, 1991, gv. 178.
122. n. berZeniSvili, saqarTvelos istoris sakiTxebi, III, gv. 49.
123. m. lorTqifaniZe, `egris-afxazeTi~, saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, t.
II, 1973, gv. 424.
124. m. lorTqifaniZe, dasax. naSr., gv. 425. 125. iqve, gv. 427.
126. georgika, IV, 2, gv. 184.
127. m. lorTqifaniZe, dasax. naSr., gv. 424.
128. q.c. I, gv. 255
129. Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli Zeglebi, III, gv. 81.
130. qarTlis cxovreba~, t. I, gv. 146.

131. Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, III, gv. 477.

132. iqve, gv. 47.
133. `didi sjuliskanoni~, 1975, gv. 546.
134. qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 70. 135. iqve, gv. 128.
136. didi sjuliskanoni, 1875, gv. 545.
137. qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 235. 138. iqve, gv. 226.
139. saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. II.
140. qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 235. 141. iqve, gv. 236. 142. iqve, gv. 240. 143.
iqve,
gv. 241. 144.
iqve, gv. 242.
145. iv. javaxiSvili, qarTuli samarTlis istoria, Txz. VII, gv. 21.
146. mcxeTis sabuTi, saq, muzeumis moambe, 1931, VI, gv. 291.
147. narkv., II, gv. 503.
148. q.c., I, gv. 256.
149. matiane qarTlisa, gv. 254.
150. cxovreba
grigol
xanZTelisa,
Zveli
qarTuli
literaturis
qrestomaTia, I, 1946, gv. 142.
151.
iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani, t.VII, 1984, gv. 20.
152. cxovreba grigol xanZTelisa, gv. 143.
153. cxovreba
grigol
xanZTelisa,
Zveli
qarTuli
literaturis
qrestomaTia, I, 1946, gv. 144.
154. iv. javaxiSvili, VII, gv. 21.
155. grigol xanZTelis cxovreba, qrestomaTia, 1946, gv. 145. 156. iqve, gv. 146.
157. didi sjuliskanoni, IV ms. kr. me-4 muxli, saq. ekl. kalendari, 1987, gv.
218.
158. D=Wsgby- Wthrjdyjt ghfdj- 1994- c- 175.
159. qrestomaTia, gv. 146.
160. Zveli qarTuli literaturis qrestomaTia, 1946, gv. 147.
161. narkv., II, gv. 448
162. cxovreba serapion zarzmelisa, qrestomaTia, 1946, gv. 96.
163. saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, t. II, 1973, gv. 448.
164. q. c. IV, gv. 130.
165. giorgi merCule, cxovreba grigol xanZTelisa~ Zveli qarTuli
agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, 1964, wigni I, gv. 287.
166. saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, II, gv. 1973, gv. 598
167. qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 250. 168. iqve, gv. 251. 169. iqve, gv. 252. 170.
iqve,
gv. 257.
171. cxovreba
grigol
xanZTelisa,
Zveli
qarTuli
agiografiuli
literaturis Zeglebi, I, 1964, gv. 287.
172. Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, I, 1964, gv. 287.
173. iqve, gv. 288. 174. iqve, gv. 287. 175. iqve, gv. 287. 176. iqve, gv. 289. 177.
iqve,
gv. 288. 178.
iqve, gv. 290
179. qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 255. 180. iqve, gv. 178.
181. `sityvis geba berisa efTime grZlisa, sosTenis mimarT, somexT
moZRvrisa~, saqarTvelos samoTxe, gamocemuli gobron (miqael) sabininis
mier, 1882, gv. 615.
182. saqarTvelos samoTxe, 1882, gv. 615. 183. iqve, gv. 616. 184. iqve, gv. 617.
185. iqve, gv. 617. 186. iqve, gv. 616.

187. k. kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria, I, gv. 490.

188. T. Jordania, qronikebi, I. gv. 336.
189. saqarTvelos samoTxe, 1882, gv. 617. 190. iqve, gv. 619. 191. iqve, gv. 620.
192. iqve, gv. 621.
193. `uwyeba petros mkawvrelisaTvis da alajorisaTvis da alajorTa
marxvisa~, saqarTvelos samoTxe, 1882 w. gv. 632.
194. didi sjuliskanoni, wmida mociqulTa kanonebi, muxli 34, saqarTvelos
eklesiis kalendari, 1987, gv. 166.
195. ., , , 7; .,
, wignSi a. jafariZe, saqarTvelos samociquli eklesiis
istoria, I, 1996, gv. 185-203.
196. Ublekzyjd G=- Vbnhjgjkbns d gthdst nhb dtrf [hbcnbfycndf- V=- 1905- c=
226_227.
197. v.goilaZe, qarTuli eklesiis saTaveebTan, 1991, gv. 14.
198. didi sjuliskanoni, eklesiis kalendari, 1987, gv. 215. 199. iqve, gv. 210.
200. georgika, t. 8, 1979 w., gv. 18.
201. Zegl. II, 1967, gv. 152.
204. saq. istoriis narkvevebi, III, 1979, gv. 384.
205. giorgi mcire, cxovreba giorgi mTawmidelisa, Zveli qarTuli
agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, II, 149.
206. qarTvelTa monasteri bulgareTSi da misi tipikoni, a.SaniZe, t. IX, 1986,
gv. 103.
207. g. mcire, dasax. naSr. gv. 143. 208. iqve, gv. 144.
209. georgika, VIII, gv. 18.
210. giorgi mcire, dasax. naSr., gv. 145. 211. iqve, gv. 148.
212. mitr. maqsime, `saqarTvelos eklesia da misi avtokefalia~, 1966. wignSi
`saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. II, gv. 230.
213. g. mcire, dasax. naSr., gv. 150. 214. iqve, gv. 152. 215. iqve, gv. 154. 216. iqve, gv.
155.
217. v. goilaZe, qarTuli eklesiis saTaveebTan, 1991, gv. 134, iv. javaxiSvili,
qarTveli eris istoria, I, 1979, gv. 383-384.
218. georgika, t.VIII, gv. 18.
219. `uwyeba petros mkawvrelisaTvis~, saqarTvelos samoTxe, 1882, gv. 632.
220. v. goilaZe qarTuli eklesiis saTaveebTan, 1991, gv. 136-144. 221. iqve, gv.
139-147. 222. iqve, gv. 145-147.
223. qarTuli istoriuli sabuTebis korpusi, 1984, gv. 33.
224. iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani, t. VII, 1984, gv. 179. 225. iqve, gv. 181.
226. iqve, gv. 182.
227. qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 40.
228. qronikebi, I, gv. 265.
229. iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani, t VI, gv. 58-61, qronikebi, II, gv. 164-166.
230. iqve, gv. 167. 231. iqve, gv. 168. 232. iqve, gv. 169.
233. sigeli bagrat IV-isa opizarTa da mijnaZorelTa samamule davis gamo,
1027-1072 w.w., qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. II, 1965, gv. 8.
234. Zegl, II, gv. 8.
235. qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, 1970, gv. 965. 236. iqve, gv. 963.
237. qarTli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. II, 1965, gv. 502. 238. iqve, gv. 503.

239. matiane qarTlisa, qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 28.

240. qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 303. 241. iqve, 304. 242.
iqve, gv. 296.
243. qarTuli istoriuli sabuTebis korpusi, 1984, gv. 62.
244. a.jafariZe, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. II, gv. 89-96.
245. qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 217.
246. n. berZeniSvili, saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebi, masalebi istoriuli
geografiisaTvis, 1990, gv. 632.
247. qarTuli istoriuli sabuTebis korpusi, 1984, gv. 32-34. 248. iqve, gv. 72.
249. iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani, t. VII, 1984, 110.
250. qarTuli istoriuli sabuTebis korpusi, 1984, gv. 72.
251. istoriani da azmani, gv. 470. iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani, t VI, 1982, gv.
34.
252. iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani, t. VII, 1984, gv. 181. 253. iqve, gv. 182.
254. wesi da gangeba mefeTa kurTxevisa, qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. II,
1965, gv. 51.
255. qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. II, 1965, gv. 52. 256. iqve, 1965, gv. 53.
257. qarTuli istoriuli sabuTebis korpusi, 1984, gv. 71-72.
258. qarTlis cxovreba, t. II, 1959, gv. 117. 259. iqve, gv. 118.
260. kurTxeva mironisa, gangeba darbazobisa, qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, II,
1965, gv. 47.
261. saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesia, t. II, gv. 250.
262. qarTlis cxovreba, II, 1959, gv. 118.
263. iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani, 1984, t. VII, gv. 115.
264. narkv., III, 1979, gv 297.
265. iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani, t. VII, gv. 113.
266. saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, II, 1973, gv. 600. 267. iqve, gv. 305.
268. iqve, gv 390.
269. Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli Zeglebi, I, 1964, gv. 167.
270. qrestomaTia, 1946, gv. 145.
271. georgika, 8, 1970, gv. 170.
272. g. gasviani, svaneTis eklesiis istoriisaTvis (qorepiskopozi da
saydriSvilebi), macne, istoriis seria, 2, 1986, gv. 81. 273.
iqve, gv. 72.
274. e. xoStaria (brose), feodaluri xanis saqarTvelos mTisa da baris
urTierTobis sakiTxebi, Tb, 1984, gv. 117-122.
275. g. gasviani, dasax. naSr., gv. 78.
276. qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, I, gv. 464.
277. i. doliZe, `samarTali batoniSvilis vaxtangisa~, qarTuli samarTlis
Zeglebi, I, gv. 641.
278. iv. javaxiSvili, tomi VI, gv. 37.
279. qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 118. 280. iqve, gv. 119. 281. iqve, II, gv. 119.
282. iqve, gv. 35, sqolio 3. 283. iqve, gv. 119, sqolio 1. 284. iqve, gv. 31.
285. iqve, VI, gv. 37. 286. iqve, gv. 67. 287. iqve, gv. 372. 288. iqve, gv. 208.
289. k. kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria, t. I, gv. 274.
290. qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 356. 291. iqve, gv. 365. 292. iqve, gv. 365.
293. k. kekeliZe, dasax. naSr., gv. 278. 294. iqve, gv. 283.
295. qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 82. 296. iqve, gv. 83. 297. iqve, gv. 85.
298. petriwonis qarTvelTa monastris tipikoni, a. SaniZe, Txzulebani, t. IX,
gv. 117.

299. qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 86.

300. iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani, gv. VI, gv. 348.
301. qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, 1970, gv. 154.
302. iv. javaxiSvili, VI, gv. 380. 303. iqve, gv. 351.
304. qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, 1970, gv. 154. 305. iqve, gv. 161. 306. iqve, gv.
160.
307. qarTuli istoriuli sabuTebis korpusi, 1984, I, gv. 58, anderZi daviT
mefisa mRvimisadmi, 1123/1124 wlebi.
308. qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, gv. 160.
309. iv. javaxiSvili, VII, 1984, gv. 73. 310. iqve, gv. 74.
311.
Zegl., III, gv. 160.
312. qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. III, 1970, gv. 160.
313. iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani, VI, gv. 59.
314. qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, 1970, gv. 161. 315. iqve, gv. 162.
316. qarTlis cxovreba, II, Gg. 224.
317. saqarTvelis istoriis narkvevebi, III, gv. 591. 318. iqve, gv. 161.
319. iqve, gv. 116. 320. iqve, gv. 162. 321.. iqve, gv. 162.
322. qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, gv. 224, saqarTvelos istoriis
narkvevebi, III, gv. 590. 323. iqve, gv. 162.
324. Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, III, gv. 47.
325. iv. javaxiSvili, t. VI, 1982, gv. 367.
326. qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, gv. 163.
327. iv. javaxiSvili, VI, gv. 368.
328. Zegl., III, gv. 164.
329. iv. javaxiSvili, VI, gv. 369. 330.
iqve, gv. 370.
331. Zegl., III, gv. 163.
332. `garigeba xelmwifis karisa~, iv. javaxiSvilis redaqciiT Txzulebani,
VI, gv. 403.
333. iv. javaxiSvili, VI, gv. 392. 334. iqve, gv. 400. 335. iqve, gv. 396. 336. iqve, gv.
397. 337. iqve, gv. 402. 338. iqve, gv. 392. 339. iqve, gv. 395. 340. iqve, gv. 403.
341. iqve, gv. 387. 342. iqve, gv. 387. 343. iqve, gv. 368.
344. qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 253. 345. iqve, gv. 268. 346. iqve, gv. 253.
347. qarTuli istoriuli sabuTebis korpusi, t. I, Seadgines da gamosacemad
moamzades T. enuqiZem, v. silogavam, n. SoSiaSvilma, 1984, gv. 169-174.
348. T. Jordania, qronikebi, II, gv. 268. 349. iqve, gv. 268. 350. iqve, gv. 269.
351. qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, 1970, gv. 209. 352. iqve, gv. 206.
353
iv. surgulaZe, qarTuli samarTlis istoriis wyaroebi, 1984, gv. 167.
354. qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, gv. 209. 355. iqve, gv. 209.
356. svaneTis saistorio Zeglebi, nakveTi II, p. ingoroyvas gamocema.
357. g. gasviani, svaneTis saeklesio krebaTa meore matiane gamokvleva da
teqsti, `macne~, 1972, #2, gv. 101-123.
358. g. gasviani, dasavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis istoriidan, 1973, gv. 62.
359. g. gasviani, dasavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis istoriidan, 1973, gv. 74.
360. svaneTis saistorio Zeglebi, II, gv. 33.
361. g. gasviani, dasavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis istoriidan, gv. 66.
362. l. menabde, qarTlis kaTalikosi domenti, IV, saRvTismetyvelo krebuli,
1986, #1, gv. 127. 363. iqve, gv. 131.
364. qarTlis cxovreba, IV, 1973, gv. 493.

365. sulxan-saba orbeliani, `mogzauroba evropaSi~, 1940, gv. 17.

366. l. menabde, dasax. naSr., gv. 142.
367. q. pavliaSvili, kaTolikuri eklesia da saqarTvelo, 1994, gv. 64.
368. qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. III, gv. 844. 369. iqve, gv. 845. 370. iqve, gv.
846.
371. v. ToraZe, saqarTvelos eklesia XIX-XX ss. gv. 66.
372. m. kelenjeriZe, saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos mokle istoria, 1918, gv. 7075.
373. qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, gv. 848.
374. samarTlis Zeglebi, III, gv. 871.
375. iqve, gv. 876.
376. saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, #1, 1991, gv. 11-14. 377.
iqve, gv. 59. 378. iqve, gv.
60.
379. T. Jordiania, anton I, saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, #1, 1991, gv. 99.
380. egri, anton I, kaTalikosi saqarTvelosi, saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, #1,
1991, gv. 32.
381. T. Jordania, anton I, gv. 80. 382. iqve, gv. 88. 383. iqve, gv. 88. 384. iqve, gv. 84.
385. m. qavTaria, XVIII s. qarTuli sazogadoebrivi azrovnebis istoriidan,
1977, gv. 17-19.
386. saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, #1, 1991, gv. 11. 387. iqve, gv. 12. 388. iqve, gv. 12.
389. ganCineba 1756 wlis 4 aprilis krebisa, iqve, gv. 13.
390. n. mTvareliSvili, anton I, saqarTvelos kaTalikozi, saRvTismetyvelo
krebuli, #1, 1991, gv. 22. 391. iqve, gv. 28.
392. sakanonos mirTmevis wigni svimon da dimitri gurielisa kaTalikos
zaqariasadmi, qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, 1970, gv. 536. 393. iqve, gv. 498.
394. l. menabde, qarTlis kaTalikosi domenti IV, saRvTismetyvelo krebuli,
#1, 1986, gv, 136. 395. iqve, gv. 148.
396. T. Jordania, anton I, saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, #1, 1991, gv. 92.
397. iqve, gv. 94. 398. iqve, gv. 98. 399.
iqve, gv. 86. 400. iqve, gv. 24. 401. iqve, gv.
39.
402. iqve, gv. 131. 403. iqve, gv. 40. 404. iqve, gv. 41. 405. iqve, gv. 53. 406. iqve, gv. 92.
407. p. ioseliani, cxovreba giorgi mecametisa, 1936, gv. 181.
408. T. Jordania, dasax. naSr. gv. 53. 409. iqve, gv. 56. 410. iqve, gv. 68.
411. iqve, gv. 106. 412. iqve, gv. 36. 413.
iqve, gv. 55. 414. iqve, gv. 69.
415. iqve, gv. 76. 416. iqve, gv. 77. 417.
iqve, gv. 78. 418. iqve, gv. 80. 419. iqve, gv.
80.
420. iqve, gv. 80, k. kekeliZe, IV, 1957, gv. 179. 421. iqve, gv. 81.
422. n. mTvareliSvili, anton I, iqve, gv. 20.
423. iqve, gv. 73. 424. iqve, gv. 74. 425.
iqve, gv. 75. 426. iqve, gv. 111. 427. iqve, gv.
120.
428. iqve, gv. 123. 429. iqve, gv. 124.
430. T. Jordania, anton I, saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, #1, 1991, gv. 128.
431. iqve, gv. 24. 432. iqve, gv. 63.
433. nikoloz mTvareliSvili, anton I kaTalikozi, iqve, gv. 22.
434. T. Jordania, anton I, `saRvTismetyvelo kreb.~, #1, 1991, gv. 56.
435. iqve, gv. 68. 436. iqve, gv. 91.
437. al. xaxanaSvili, `kaTalikos anton pirvelis cxovreba da moRvaweoba~,
iqve, gv. 108.

438. T. Jordania, dasax. naSr., gv. 90.

439. m. guguSvili, l. ZoweniZe, anton pirvelis cxovrebisa da moRvaweobis
zogierTi sakiTxi, iqve, gv. 132.
440. n. mTvareliSvili, anton I, saqarTvelos kaTalikosi, dasax. naSr., gv. 24.
441. iqve, gv. 28. 442. iqve, gv. 153.
443. T. Jordania, anton I, saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, #1, 1991, gv. 56.
444. g. qavTaria, XVIII saukunis qarTuli sazogadoebrivi azris istoriidan,
gv. 15-17.
445. p. karbelaSvili ierarqia saqarTvelos eklesiisa, kaTalikosni da
mRvdelmTavarni, 1900, gv. 165. 446. iqve, gv. 166. 447. iqve, gv. 166.
448. vardan arevelci, msoflio istoria, Sesavali, komentarebi da saZiebeli
daurTo eka kvaWantiraZem, Tb., 2002, gv, 198.
449. Zveli qarTuli agigrafiuli literaturis Zeglebi, I, 1964, gv. 92.
450. qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 352.
451. , . , I, 1964, . 92.
452. (qarTlis cxovreba), I, . 352.
nawili
II.
msoflio
saeklesio
krebebi
qarTvel
episkoposTa
monawileobiT
1. georgika, II, 1965, gv. 48.
2. cxovreba nino ganmanaTlebelisa, Zegl., IV, 1968, gv. 352.
3. epistoleTa wigni, 1968, gv. 99.
4.
giorgi mcire, cxovreba giorgi mTawmidelisa, Zegl., II, gv. 154.
5. georgika, I, 1961, gv. 30. 6. iqve, gv. 7-9.
7. , I (I, II, III ), -, 1996, . 77-78. 8.
iqve, . 123.
9. `saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari~ 1974 wlis gv. 131.
10.
didi sjuliskanoni, saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1987, gv. 211.
11.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. 1. 1986, gv85-203.
12.
didi sjuliskanoni, iqve, gv. 166.
13.
v. goilaZe qarTlis samefo. avtoreferati doqtoris xarisxis mosapoveblad 1998w. gv. 20.
14.
k. kekeliZe, etiudebi I. 51, 62.
15.
k. kekeliZe, ieremia iberieli antinestorianeli moRvawe V saukunisa, Tbilisis universitetis
moambe #9 1928 w. gv. 187, 198.
16.
k. kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria I, gv. 560, gv. 483.
17.
i. kvaWaZe, SeniSvnebi `didaqes~ Targmanis Sesaxeb literaturuli Ziebani, #3 gv. 375 da 377.
18.
F,[fpbz b d ytq Yjdj_Fajycrbb Cbvjyj_Rfyfyfncrbq vjyfcnshm= V- 1898.
19.
giorgi mcire, cxovreba giorgi mTawmidelisa, Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, II,
1967, gv. 154.
20.
epifane konstantinopoleli, p.ingoroyva, giorgi merCule, 1954, gv. 226.
21.
giorgi mcire, cxovreba giorgi mTawmidelisa, Z.q.a.l.Z., II, 1967, gv. 153.
22.
F,[fpbz b d ytq Yjdj_Fajycrbq=== c= 18= 23. iqve, gv. 19, SeniSvna 2.
24.
, III, , 1996, . 51. 25. iqve, gv. 51, SeniSvna 1. 26.
iqve, gv. 147.
27.
b. diasamiZe, `qristianoba dasavleT saqarTveloSi (I-X saukuneebSi),
gamomcemloba `aWara~, baTumi, 2001 w., gv. 176. 28. iqve, gv. 17.
29.
georgika, t. 2, 1965, gv. 31. 30. iqve, gv. 34. 31. iqve, SeniSvna 2.
32.
iustinianes novelebi, georgika, 2, 1965, gv. 34-37.

33.
37.
39.
40.
41.

georgika, II, 1965, gv. 88. 34. iqve, gv. 4. 35.

iqve, gv. 26. 36. iqve, gv. 125.
iqve, gv. 176. 38. iqve, gv. 26.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. I, gv. 107-109.
b. diasamiZe, qristianoba dasavleT saqarTveloSi, baTumi, 2001, gv. 71
iqve, gv. 72, gamyreliZe T., maWavariani g., sonantTa sistema da ablauti
qarTvelur enebSi, 1965, gv. 17. 42. iqve, gv. 73, futkaraZe t., saqarTveloSi
enobriv-eTnikuri
situaciis
istoriuli
dinamikisaTvis
(winaswari
moxseneba), quTaisi, 1999, gv. 159. 43. iqve, gv. 74.
44.
mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe, qarTuli saeklesio (saliteraturo)
enis Camoyalibebis sakiTxisaTvis ioane lazi, Tb., 2002, gv. 5-21.
45.
georgika, II, 1965, gv. 223. 46. iqve, gv. 125.
47.
m.xorenaci, somxeTis istoria, gv. 224.
48.
q.c., I, gv. 232.
49.
Kt,tltd F=G=- Dctktycrbt cj,jhs VI, VII b VIII dtrjd- V=- 1897.
50.
martvilis xelnawerebi, Zveli saqarTvelo, t. III, 1913-1914.
51.
v. goilaZe, qarTuli eklesiis saTaveebTan, 1991, gv. 195. 52. qarTlis
cxovreba, I, gv. 232. 53. iqve, 232.
54.
didi sjuliskanoni, 1975, gv. 365. 55. iqve, gv. 407, gv. 418.
56.
Fh[btgbcrjg Kjkbq (>hmtdcrbq)- Fktrcfylhbz b Tubgtn- <jujckjdcrbt
Nhels- 25- 1984- cnh= 151- ghbv= 140.
57.
georgika, IV, 1952 w. nakveTi II, gv. 123-140, 147.
58.
T. Jordania, qronikebi, I, gv. 88, SeniSvna.
59.
k. kekeliZe, adrindeli feodaluri qarTuli literatura, 1935, gv. 28.
60.
m.berZniSvili, qalaq fazisis istoriisaTvis, 1969, gv. 186.
61.
qarTlis cxoveba I, gv. 224-226. 62. iqve, gv. 226. 63. iqve, gv. 238-239. 64. iqve,
gv. 228. 65. iqve, gv. 235. 66. iqve, gv. 241. 67. iqve, gv. 241. 68. iqve, gv. 230.
69.
iqve, gv. 236. 70. iqve, gv. 239. 71.
iqve, gv. 239. 72. iqve, gv. 240. 73. iqve, gv.
240.
74.
iqve, gv. 242. 75. iqve, gv. 242. 76.
iqve, gv. 243.
77.
, , 1850, . 8.
78.
georgika, 2, 1965, gv. 125. 79. iqve, gv. 88.
80.
a.kartaSevi, msoflio krebebi, parizi, 1963, gv. 425 (rusul enaze).
81.
i.tabaRua, saqarTvelo evropis wignsacavebsa da arqivebSi, I, gv. 101.
82.
iqve, gv. 101-102. 83 iqve, gv. 214-215. 84. iqve, gv. 214. 85. iqve, gv. 215.
86.
provoslavni cerkovni kalendar, 1985, gv. 3 (rus. enaze).
87.
, . 11.
88.
ioane batoniSvili, xumarswavla, t. II, 1991, gv. 350.
89.
episkoposi, anania jafariZe, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria,
t. II, 1989, gv. 232-250.
90.
qarTlis cxovreba, t. IV, gv. 281.
wigni III.
nawili I. mimdinare krebebi XIX-XX ss
1. i.bagrationi, xumarswavla, 1990, t. I, gv. 565.
2. m.kekelia, sasamarTlo organizacia da procesi saqarTveloSi ruseTTan
SeerTebis win, t. I, 1970.

3. episk. anania, qarTuli eklesia XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi, eklesiis kalendari,

1994.
4.
narkv., IV, gv, 891.
5. s.kakabaZe, qarTveli xalxis istoria, 1997, gv. 32. 6. iqve, gv. 87.
7. arqeolog. komisiis aqtebi, FRFR, t. VI, naw. I, gv. 391.
8. s.kakabaZe, qarTveli xalxis istoria, 1997, gv. 230.
9.
Frns| cj,hfyyst Rfdrfpcrjq fh[tjuhfabxtcrjq rjvbccbtq- n= VI- x=I, c=
574=
10.
s.kakabaZe, qarTveli xalxis istoria, 1783-1921, Tb., 1997, gv. 87.
11.
m.gonikaSvili, imereTi XVIII-XIX saukuneTa mijnaze, 1979, gv. 52.
12.
s.kakabaZe, qarTveli xalxis istoria, 1783-1921, Tb., 1997, gv. 52
13.
k.kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria, I, 1980, gv. 569.
14.
m.gonikaSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 208.
15.
T.Jordania, qronikebi, III, 1967, gv. 597.
16.
q. CxataraiSvili, guriis samTavro, 1985, gv. 62.
17.
narkv. IV, gv. 931.
18.
, , 1874, RFR, t. VI, naw.
I, gv. 391
19.
s.kakabaZe, dasax. naSr., gv. 87.20. iqve, gv. 88.
21.
narkv. IV, gv. 932. 22. iqve, gv. 933.
22.
FRFR, VI, gv. 579. 23. iqve, gv. 582.
24.
narkv. gv. 936.
25.
a.giorgobiani, soflis simdidre, gaz. `soflis cxovreba:, 1991 w., 18.XII.
26.
jvari vazisa, 1990, #3, gv. 67. wyarod asaxelebs ., Rfdrpcrfz djyfn= II- c= 699.
27.
T.Jordania, qronikebi, t.III, 1967, gv. 510.
28.
qronikebi, III, gv. 492. 29. iqve, gv. 623.
30.
m.gonikaSvili, imereTi XVIII-XIX saukuneTa mijnaze, 1979, gv. 170.
31.
T.Jordania, qronikebi, II, gv. 48. 32 qronikebi, III, gv. 460. 33 i.bagrationi,
kalmasoba, t. II, 1991, gv. 386.
34.
mRvdelmonazoni anton mTawmideli, ilarion qarTvelis cxovreba, 1993,
gv. 14.
35.
qronikebi, III, gv. 404.
36.
cxovreba giorgi mecametisa, qarTuli mwerloba, 1995, gv. 21.
37.
a.xelaia, `me Sevasrule Cemi movaleoba, Jurn. `mnaTobi~, 1988, #10, gv. 27
38.
kirionis sityva 1906 wlis peterburgis saeklesio saTaTbiro sxdomaze,
jvari vazisa, 1990, #3, gv. 60.
39.
d. da b. batoniSvilebis istoria, gv. 106, wignidan, m.rexviaSvili,
imereTis samefo XVIII s.-Si, gv. 292.
40.
qronikebi, III, gv. 474.
41.
saeklesio kalendari, 1998, gv. 391.
42.
jvari vazisa, #3, 1990, gv. 66.
43.
:ehyfk pfctlfybz ghtlcj,jhyjuj ghbcencndbz= 1906, t. III, gv. 35.
44.
jvari vazisa, 1990, #3, gv. 68-69.
45.
s. kakabaZe, qarTveli xalxis istoria, 1997, gv. 128. 46. iqve, gv. 181.

47.

iqve, gv. 218. 48. iqve, gv. 210. 49.

iqve, gv. 209. 50. iqve, gv. 204. 51. iqve, gv.
205. 52. iqve, gv. 205. 53.
iqve, gv. 209. 54. iqve, gv. 204. 55. iqve, gv. 230.
56.
iqve, gv. 211. 57. iqve, gv. 225. 58. iqve, gv. 270. 59. iqve, gv. 166. 60. iqve, gv.
167.
61.
iqve, gv. 230. 62. iqve, gv. 237. 63.
iqve, gv. 167.
64.
jvari vazisa, #3, 1990, gv. 57.
65.
`mwyemsi~, 1905 w., #5, gv. 12.
66.
`mwyemsi~, 1905 w., #6-7, gv. 18.
67.
mwyemsi, #8, 1905, gv. 7.
68.
mwyemsi, 1905, #8, gv. 3.
69.
mwyemsi, 1905, #9-10, gv. 6. 70. iqve, gv. 6.
71.
saq. scsa f. 1458 an 1, s.173, furc. 4, wignSi: g. rogava, qristianuli
religia da eklesia saqarTveloSi (1801-1917 ww) Tb., 1997, gv. 96.
72.
g. rogava, dasax. naSr., gv. 97. 73. iqve, gv. 397. 74. iqve, gv. 97-98. 75. iqve, gv.
98.
76.
, 1906 w. #2.
77.
mwyemsi, 1905, #13-14, gv. 16.
78.
k.p. kalistrate, `Cemi mogonebebidan~, 2001, gv. 90.
79.
mwyemsi, 1905, #11, gv. 14.
80.
s.kakabaZe, qarTveli xalxis istoria, 1997, gv. 234.
81.
jvari vazisa, 1990, #3, gv. 57.
82.
v.ToraZe, `saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis
istoria XIX da XX saukuneebSi~, 1995, gv. 198.
83.
g.
rogava,
`qristianuli
religia
da
eklesia
saqarTveloSi (1801-1817), Tb., 1997, gv. 99.
84.
g. rogava, dasax. naSr., furc. 22. 85. iqve, furc. 14. 86.
iqve, furc. 15.
87.
iqve, gv. 101.
88.
q. pavliaSvili, saqarTvelos saegzarqoso 1900-1917 wlebSi, 1995 q. gv. 126.
89.
mwyemsi, 1905, 313-14, gv. 7.
90.
gazeTi `mwyemsi~, 1905, #5, gv. 6.
91.
`mwyemsi~, 1905, #8, gv. 6. 92. iqve, gv. 8.
93.
mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe, qarTuli saeklesio
(saliteraturo) enis Camoyalibebis sakiTxisaTvis, ioane lazi, 2002, gv. 6.
94.
iv. javaxiSvili, t. 1., 1979, gv. 154. 95. iqve, gv. 156.
96.
gaz. `mwyemsi~, #5, 1906, gv. 6.
97.
`mwyemsi~, 1908, #8, gv. 6.
98.
mwyemsi, 1905, #5, gv. 7.
99.
p. ioseliani, `cxovreba giorgi XIII-isa~, `qarTuli
mwerloba~, t. X, 1995, gv 287. 100. iqve, gv. 287.
101.
`iveria~, 1898, 9 ianvari.
102.
g.
rogava,
qristianuli
religia
da
eklesia
saqarTveloSi (1801-1917), Tb. 1997, gv. 44-45. 103. iqve, gv. 45. 104. iqve, gv. 46.
105. iqve, gv. 46-47.
106.
iqve, v. 46. 107. iqve, gv. 47.
108. `Rirsi mama aleqsi da misi savane, Tb., 1999, gv. 18.
109. b. jorbenaZe, qarTuli dialeqtologia, 1989, gv. 22.

110. iqve, gv. 23. 111 iqve, gv. 24. 112.

iqve, gv. 27-28. 113.
iqve, gv. 29. 114.
iqve, gv. 30. 115. iqve, gv. 35. 116. iqve, gv. 38. 117. iqve, gv. 33. 118. iqve, gv. 43.
119. iqve, gv. 44. 120. iqve, gv. 45. 121. iqve, gv. 50. 122.
iqve, gv. 73. 123. iqve, gv.
75. 124. iqve, gv. 76. 125. iqve, gv. 38.
126. - , ., 1888, . 27,
.
127. - , ., 1888, gv. 11. 128.
iqve, c. 16. 129. iqve, gv. 10. 130. iqve, c. 9. 131. iqve, gv. 17. 132. iqve, gv. 16.
133. `mwyemsi~, 1905, #9, gv. 16.
134. J. `mwyemsi~, #21 gv. 7 (15.XI.1905).
135. Jur. mwyemsi, 1906, #1-2, gv. 14-15.
136. S. badriZe, ilia da qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxi, jvari
vazisa, 1987, #1, gv. 45. 137. iqve, gv. 47.
138.
o.gorgaZe, n.gurgeniZe, ilia WavWavaZe, cxovrebisa da
Semoqmedebis matiane, 1987, gv. 327. 139. iqve, gv. 336. 140. iqve, gv. 340.
141.
g. SaraZe, saqarTvelos mze da siyvaruli albionis
kunZulze, 1986, gv. 153.
142.
o.gorgaZe, n.gurgeniZe, ilia WavWavaZe, cxovrebisa da
Semoqmedebis matiane, 1987, gv. 343. 143. iqve, gv. 344.
144.
saq. scsa. f. 1458, an.1,s.173,furc.11. wignSi. g.rogava, das.
naSr. gv.102-103.
145.
, 1906. #4 .6-16 gaz. `saqarTvelo~ 12
seqt. 1916w. g. rogava, dasax. naSr. gv 103.
146. csial. f. 796. an 185,s. 21, furc.333 .
, . 1910, . 27. wignSi: g. rogava, qristianuli religia da
eklesia (1801-1917 ww.) Tb. 1997 w. gv. 103-104.
147. e. nikolaZe, saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria, 1918, gv. 205.
148. jvari vazisa 1990, #3, gv. 69. 149. iqve, gv. 69. 150. iqve, gv. 57. 151. iqve, gv. 58. 152. iqve,
gv. 57. 153.
iqve, gv. 57. 154. iqve, gv. 57. 155. iqve, gv. 60. 156. iqve, gv. 61. 157. iqve, gv.
63. 158. iqve, gv. 75. 159. iqve, gv. 69.
160. e.nikolaZe, saqarTvelos eklesiis istoria, 1918, gv. 219.
161. mwyemsi, #11-12, 1906, gv. 20.
162. gaz. `saqarTvelo~, 10 ivnisi, 1916 w. wignSi: g. rogava, dasax. naSr. gv. 104-105.
163. g. rogava, das. naSr. gv. 105.
164. q. pavliaSvili, saqarTvelos saegzarqoso 1900-1917 ww. Tb. 1995w. gv. 129.
165. g. rogava. das. naS. gv. 106-107. 166. iqve, gv. 107.
167. , VI 1906 w. 1907, #88, 3, wignSi g. rogava dasax. naSr. gv.
107.
168. . , ,1912, . XXII
wignSi: 169. iqve, gv. 108. 170. iqve, gv. 109. 171. g. rogava, dasax. naSr. gv. 109-110. 172.
iqve, gv. 110. 173. iqve, gv. 110.
174. . . , .5
175. g. rogava, dasax. naSr. gv. 111. 176. iqve, gv. 112. 177. iqve, gv. 112. 178.
iqve, gv. 113.
179. S. badriZe, i. WavWavaZe da qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxi, `jvari vazisa, 1987, gv. 4647. 180. iqve, gv. 48.
181. g. rogava, dasax. naSr. gv. 114-115. 182. iqve, gv. 117-118. 183. iqve, gv. 118.
184. mwyemsi, #11-12. 185. iqve, #15-16.
186. k.p. kalistrate, iqve, gv. 115. 187. iqve, gv. 70.

188. jvari vazisa, 1990, #3, gv. 71.

189. gaz., saqarTvelo, 1917, #59. 190. iqve, #59. 191. iqve, #62. 192. iqve, #63.
193. iqve, #67. 194.
iqve, 1917. 195. iqve, 1917. 196. iqve, 1917 w.
197. g.rogava, dasax.naSr. gv. 143. 198. iqve, gv. 156.
199. gaz. saqarTvelo, 1917, #63.
200. jvari vazisa, 1990, #3, gv. 71.
201. gaz. saqarTvelo, 1917, #72.
202. jvari vazisa, #3, 1990, gv. 72. 203. iqve, gv. 7.
204. ` , #140, (186), 1917 wlis 26 agvisto.
205. gazeTi `saxalxo furceli~, #851, 1917 w.
206. , 140 (186); mitropoliti kalistrate,
`mware mogonebani saqarTvelos eklesiis axlo warsulidan, 1927.
207. - , 99, 1917.
208. vaxtang guruli, saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi damoukideblobis
aRdgena da ruseTis mexuTe kolona (1917-1921), Tbilisi, 1998, gv. 4.
209. ` ~, 1917, #30.
210. jvari vazisa, 1990, #3, gv. 72. 211. iqve, SeniSvna 8.
212. gazeTi, saxalxo saq,~, 1917, #27. 213. iqve, #38.
214. gaz. `saxalxo saqme, 1917, #38, #25, `saqarTvelo~, 1917, #200.
215. jvari vazisa, 1987, #1, gv. 14.
216. sapatriarqos arqivi, pirveli saeklesio kreba, #181, 1917-1921 w.w.. I-1-129,
sr. saq. saeklesio krebisa (8-17 seqt. 1917), saqmeni, #1, 1.
217. gazeTi `saqarTvelo~, 1917, #200.
218. gaz. `saxalxo saqme~, 1917, #51. 219. iqve, #52-53. 220. iqve, #54. 221. iqve,
#54.
222. gaz. `saqarTvelo~, 1917, #205.
223. qeTevan pavliaSvili, saqarTvelos eklesia 1917-1921 w.w., 2000, gv. 207.
224. qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. III, gv. 1112.
225. s.kakabaZe, qarTveli xalxis istoria, 1997, gv. 248. 226.
iqve, gv. 249.
227. v.guruli, egzarqos nikonis mkvlelebi, Jurn. `religia~, 1993, #1, gv. 96.
228. iqve, gv. 89. 229. iqve, gv. 91. 230. iqve, gv. 92. 231. iqve, gv. 94. 232. iqve, gv. 93.
233. patriarq leonides epistole, ruseTis patriarq tixons, `jvari vazisa~,
1990, #3, gv. 76.
234. v. guruli, dasax. naSr., gv. 75.
235. saqarTvelos centraluri arqivi, f. 2080, aRw. I., saq. 240.
236. s. vardosaniZe, `saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia 1927-1952 wlebSi,
2001 w. gv. 25.
237. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos arqivi, II, saeklesio oqmebi.
238. q.pavliaSvili, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia 1917-1921 wlebSi,
gv. 171-196. 239. iqve, 177. 240. iqve, 178.
241. gaz. `madli~, 1997, 20 maisi, gv. 9.
242. k.p.kalistrate cincaZis `mware mogonebani saqarTvelos eklesiis axlo
warsulidan (masalebi), xelnaweri, saistorio arqivi, saqme #103.
243. saqme, f. 124-125.
244. s. f. 102-104.
245. k.p. kalistrate cincaZe `mwvave mogonebani...~, xelnaweri, gv. 15.
246. s.vardosaniZe, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia, 1927-1952 wlebSi,
gv. 34.

247. k.p. kalistrate, `mware mogonebani~, xelnaweri, gv. 2.

248. s. vardosaniZe, dasax. naSr., gv. 26.
249. k.p. kalistrate cincaZe, `mware mogonebebi~, xelnaweri, gv. 4. 250.
iqve,
gv. 44.
251. kaToliskos-patriarqi kalistrate, mware mogonebani, iqve, gv. 51.
252. s. vardosaniZe, dasax. naSr., gv. 16. 253. iqve, gv, 50.
254. s. vardosaniZe, dasax. naSr., gv. 61.
255. k.p. kalistrate, mware mogonebebi, gv. 44. 256. iqve, gv. 45. 257. iqve, gv. 1.
258. iqve, damateba #13. 259. iqve, gv. 50. 260. iqve, gv. 9. 261. iqve, gv. 56.
262. .... 1927 . 2, . 18, 14, 11, 9.
263. saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso sinodis uwyebaTa krebuli, 1927 w. gv. 25-27.
264. sruliad saqarTvelos sakaTalikoso sinodis uwyebaTa krebuli, 1927, gv.
16-19.
265. s. vardosaniZe, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia, 1927-1952 wlebSi,
gv. 58. 266. iqve, gv. 65. 267. iqve, gv. 66.
268. saqarTvelos uaxlesi istoriis centraluri arqivi, f. 1879, aRw. 1, saqme,
174.
269. medea bendeliani, saqarTvelos eklesia meore msolfio omis periodSi,
xelnaweri, 1999, gv. 141.
270. saq. uaxlesi istoriis centraluri saistorio arqivi, f. 1879, aRw. 1.,
saqme 2, gv. 15. 271. iqve, gv. 16. 272. iqve, gv. 16-17. 273. iqve, gv. 17.
274. m.bendeliabi, dasax. naSr. gv. 86.
275. z.Jvania, saqarTvelos kaTalikos patriarqebi, 1973 wlidan, quTaisi, 1994,
gv. 39. 276. iqve gv. 40.
277. .. . , , 1852,
. . .172.
278. `jvari vazisa~, 1990, #3, gv. 8-9. 279. iqve
nawili II. saqarTvelos eklesiis mmarTveli ierarqia
1. n. durnovo, qarTuli eklesiis bedi, ganTiadi, #10, 1990, gv. 91.
2.
dosiTeosi, ierusalimeli patriarqebi, Tavi 5, gv. 510,
wignidan: `sardeli mitropoliti maqsimi, qarTuli eklesia da misi
avtokefalia, Teologia, aTeni, 1966, gv. 48. 3. iqve, gv. 48.
4.
konstantinopolis sapatriarqos arqivis dokumentebis seria, 1905, t. III,
Jurnalidan `mnaTobi~, #10, 1990, gv. 91.
5. mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis
istoria, t. I, t. II.
6. didi sjuliskanoni, 1975, gv. 546.
7. georgika, II, 1965, gv. 88.
8. v. cipini, saeklesio samarTali, 1994, gv. 145, rusul enaze. 9. iqve, gv. 145.
10.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. II, gv. 89-96.
11.
eqvTime
aToneli
`saeklesio
kanonTa
krebuli,
saRvTismetyvelo
krebuli, 1983, #11, gv. 14, VI msoflio krebis me-9 kanonis ganxilva. 12. iqve,
gv. 39-40.
13.
giorgi mTawmideli, `iovanes da eqvTimes cxovreba~, `qarTuli
mwerloba~, II t., Tb., 1987, gv. 31-32.
14.
v. cipini, saeklesio samarTali, gv. 212. 15. iqve, gv. 211.

16.

v. nikolaiSvili, axladaRmoCenili arqeologiuri Zeglebi didi mcxeTis

teritoriaze `Zeglis megobari~, #63, 1983, gv. 35.
17.
v. cipini, dasax, naSr., gv. 210.
18.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. I, t. II.
19.
v.cipini, dasax. naSr., gv. 145.
20.
didi sjuliskanoni, gv. 271.
21.
saq. ekl. kalendari, 1987, gv. 219. 22. iqve, gv. 250, 251.
23.
., , . 144.
24.
didi sjuliskanoni, 1975, gv. 305.
25.
., , . 212. 26. iqve, . 212.
27.
mitropoliti maqsime, Le patriarcat oecumenique dans le Eglise ortodoxe, Paris, 1975, p.
76, citireblia wignidan ., , . 144.
28.
m. kalankatuaci, alvanTa qveynis istoria, 1985, gv. 131.
29.
., , . 144. 30. iqve, gv. 213. 31. iqve, . 214. 32. iqve, . 214.
33. iqve, gv. 213.
34.
mitropoliti anania jafariZe, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis
istoria, II, gv. 227. 35.
iqve, gv. 212-220.
35.
didi sjuliskanoni, saqarTvelos kalendari, 1987, gv. 200. 36. iqve, gv. 200.
37.
qarTuli samarTlis istoria, I, gv. 58.
38.
saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, t. II, Tb., 1973, gv. 389-391.
39.
iv. javaxiSvili, t. VII, 1984, gv. 16.
40.
T.papuaSvili, kaxTa da ranTa samefo, 1982.
41.
saRvTismetyvelo krebuli~, 1987, #1.
42.
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, i.doliZis red. t. III, 1970, gv. 118. 43. iqve,
gv. 163. 44. iqve, gv. 326. 45. iqve, gv. 333. 46. iqve, gv. 226. 47.
iqve, gv. 228.
48.
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. I, gv. 395. 49. iqve, gv. 394.
50.
p.ingoroyva, svaneTis Zeglebi, gv. 121, 214, 155 da sxv.; svaneTis
werilobiTi Zeglebi, t. II, gamosca v.silogavam, gv. 275 da 551; g.gasviani,
dasavleT saqarTvelos..., gv. 63.
51.
svaneTis werilobiTi Zeglebi, I, gv. 104.
52.
., XVII , . , 1905, .
42; g.gasviani, dasavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis istoriidan, gv. 65 da 73.
53.
saqarTvelos aRweriloba Sedgenili pavle alepoelis mier, gamosca
n.asaTianma, 1973, gv. 77; p. Juze, dasax. naSr., gv. 42.
54.
svaneTis werilobiTi Zeglebi, I, gv. 111.
55.
CxataraiSvili,
qarTuli
eklesiis
istoriidan,
qorepiskoposi,
saqarTvelos feodaluri xanis istoriis sakiTxebi, VII, 1999, gv. 107-121.
56.
., , . 148.
57.
qse, t. VII, 1984, gv. 266.
58.
g. nadareiSvili, gv. 92. 59. iqve, gv. 92.
60.
`qarTlis cxovreba~, t.1, gv. 352.
61.
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi~, II, gv. 82.
62.
g. vaWaraZe, imereTis mmarTveloba, 1999, gv. 67.
63.
iv. javaxiSvili, t. VII, 1984, gv. 181.
64.
., , . 148.
65.
saq. samoTxe, gv. 616.
66.
qk~bi, I 232, p. karbelaSvili, `iveria~, 1889, #28, gv. 270.

67.
iv. javaxiSvili, t. VI, 1982, gv. 270-277.
68.
c~a mf~sa dT~si 534, gv. 301. 69. iqve, gv. 272-273.
70.
ist. da azm. Saravand., gv. 409.
71.
e.TayaiSvili, . I, 641.
72.
q.c. gv. 433.
73.
JamT., gv. 657. 74. iqve, gv. 656. 75. iqve, gv. 691. 76.
iqve, gv. 273-274.
77.
Sevsebuli q. c., gv. 433.
78.
JamT., gv. 274-275.
79.
ist. da azm., gv. 461. 80. iqve, gv. 456.
81.
q.c., gv. 462.
82.
iv. javax., t. VI, gv. 275.
83.
ist. da azm., gv. 464. 84. iqve, gv. 468-469.
85.
iv. javaxiSvili, Txz. t. VI, gv. 275-276.
86.
xelm. karis gar., gv. 3.
87.
iv. javaxiSvili, t. VI, gv. 276.
88.
q.c., gv. 433. 90. iqve, gv. 462.
91.
s. kakab., gam., gv. 13-14.
92.
iv. javaxiSvili, VII, 1984, gv. 347.
93.
q.c. I, gv. 265.
94.
g. nadareiSvili, niko mari da qarTuli samarTlis istoriis sakiTxebi,
1989, gv. 25. 95. iqve, gv. 23. 96. iqve, gv. 24.
97.
qarTlis cxovreba~, t. II, gv. 88.
98.
`yovelni vardapetni da mecnierni~, gv. 82. 99. iqve, gv. 83. 100. iqve, gv. 85.
101. q. c., II, gv. 86.
102. didi sjuliskanoni, saekl. kalendari, 1987 w., gv. 470. 103. iqve, gv. 552.
104. saekl. kalendari, 1987, gv. 509.
105. g. mTawm. cxovr., qarTuli proza, t. I, 1987, gv. 110. 106. iqve, gv. 110. 107.
iqve, gv. 111.
108. grigol xanZTelis cxovreba, qarTuli mwerloba, t. I, gv. 541. 109. iqve,
gv. 111.
110. giorgi merCule, grigol xanZTelis cxovreba, qarTuli mwerloba, t. 1,
Tb., 1987, gv. 545.
111.
cxovreba giorgi mTawmidelisa, qarTuli mwerloba, t. 2, Tb., 1987, gv. 111.
112. iqve, 1987, gv. 111-112. 113.
iqve, 1987, gv. 112. 114. iqve, gv. 564. 115. iqve, gv.
565.
116. giorgi mTawmidelis cxovreba, qarTuli mwerloba, t. 2, Tb., 1986, gv. 112.
117. karis garigeba, 281. 118. iqve, 279-281. 119. iqve, 292-293,297. 120. iqve, 295. 121.
iqve, 295; iv.javaxiSvili, Txzulebani, t. VII, 1984, gv. 51-52.
122. iqve, gv. 12-19; iv. javaxiSvili, t. VII, Tb., 1984, gv. 182.
123. narkvevebi aTonis keris istoriidan, 1996, gv. 215.
124. qse, t. VII, Tb., 1984 w., gv. 156.
125. `didaqe, jvari vazisa, 1988, #3, gv. 34.
126. dekanozi ioane meindorfi, `saRvTismetyvelo ganaTleba patristul da
bizantiur epoqebSi d misi gakveTilebi Cveni droisaTvis~, jvari vazisa,
1989, gv. 51.
127.
jvari vazisa, 1989, gv. 52. 128.
iqve, gv. 53. 129. iqve, gv. 54. 130.
iqve, gv. 54

sarCevi
mimdinare krebebi XIX-XX ss.
Sesavali
5
1. saeklesio Sekrebebi, e.w. `cerkovni bunti~
avtokefaliis gauqmebis dros (1819-1820)
2. avtokefaluri moZraobis Casaxva
3. saeklesio krebebi 1905-1916 ww. (19 kreba)
4. avtokefaliis aRmdgenikrebebi (9 kreba)
5. wm. kirionis mkvlelobis erTi versia
6. saeklesio krebebi 1918-1995 wlebSi (23 kreba)
daskvna
193
XIX-XX ()
Synods of Georgian Church in XIX-XX Centuries (Conclusion)
saqarTvelos eklesiis mmarTveli ierarqia
1. kaTalikosi
201
2. patriarqi
3. qorepiskoposi
4.
mwignobarTuxucesi
5. moZRvarTmoZRvari
249
daskvna
266
()
Governing Hierarchy of Georgian Church (Conclusion)

saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebi

(samtomeuli, Tb. 2003)
saboloo daskvna
wyaroebi da literatura

7
26
45
113
137
141
197
197

225
231
238

269
269

270
316

saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebis dasasruli.