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METHOD
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For the Eigen solution method, the user is required to specify all the
masses in the model along with the directions they are capable of vibrating
in. If this data is correctly provided, the program extracts as many modes
as the user requests (default value is 6) in ascending order of strain energy.
The mode shapes can be viewed graphically to verify that they make sense.
Modes and frequencies calculated by Modal Extraction and is performed
by solving the equation
The input which is important and relevant to the analysis of a structure for
frequencies
and modes using the eigenvalue extraction method is explained below.
The DENSITY command :
One of the critical components of a frequency analysis is the amount of
"mass" undergoing vibration. For a structure, this mass comes from the
selfweight, and from permanent/imposed loads on the building. To calculate
selfweight, density is required, and is hence specified under the command
CONSTANTS.
The CUT OFF MODE SHAPE command :
Theoretically, a structure has as many modes of vibration as the number
of degrees of freedom in the model. However, the limitations of the
spectrum
extraction without
the help of the MODAL CALCULATION command.
The Masses for Mass Matrix [M]
The mathematical method that STAAD uses is called the sub space
iteration Eigen extraction method. The method involves 2 matrices
For assembling the mass matrix, called the [M] matrix, STAAD uses the
load data specified in the load case in which the MODAL CAL REQ.
command is specified.
The input you specify is weights, not masses, intensity, STAAD will
convert
weights to masses by dividing, the input by g, the acceleration due
to
gravity.
Viewing the mode shapes:
After the analysis is completed, select Post-processing from the mode
menu. This screen contains facilities for graphically examining the shape of
the mode in static and animated views. The Dynamics page on the left side
of the screen is available for viewing the shape of the mode statically. The
Animation option of the Results menu can be used for animating the mode.
The mode number can be selected from the "Loads and Results" tab of the
"Diagrams" dialog box which comes up when the Animation option is
chosen. The size to which the mode is drawn is controlled using the
"Scales" tab of the "Diagrams" dialog box.
Example:
Data:
Building size : 24m x 24m (6 Bays each bay 4m )
Height : 21m (7 Bays each bay 3.0m)
Column size: 0.40m x 0.40m
Beam size : 0.30m x 0.30m
Concrete M30
24.00
4.00
Steel Fe 415
4.00
24.00
PLAN
3.00
21.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
4.00
ELEVATION
1.Creation of Geometry:
New Project Space File: Eigen value Extraction Method Unit :
Length=metre : Force=KN Next Open structure wizard Finish.
Change to Frame Models from Truss models Select Bay Frame and
double click on it.
Length (Along X Direction)= 24.0m.
=4.0m
No. of bays =6
=1
=6
Each Bay
Each Bay
Each Bay =4.0
2. Property:
Click General Property Define Rectangular YD=0.40m ZD=0.40m
(column) Add. YD=0.30m ZD=0.30m (Beam) AddClose.
High light YD=0.40 ZD=0.40 and Go to Main menu Select Beam
parallel to Y axis Assign to selected beam Assign Yes.
Highlight YD=0.30 ZD=0.30 and
select
Beam parallel to Z axis Assign to selected beam Assign Yes.
Select the entire structure. Go to Geometry Translational repeat Y
direction.
No. of steps=6
pressure= 3KN/m2
Global X
Global Y
Global Z
Eigen solution
Participation Factors.
Click Deflections.
Page control Click Dynamic - Mode 1 . See the result on mode
participation factor,
Similarly for
Mode 2
Mode 3
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
Mode 7
Mode 8
Animation
Enter
Extra Frame =45
Target FPS =65 Apply OK.
See the result of animation for Mode 1, Mode 2.
Scales Mode scale decrease the scale Apply.
See the Mode 1 & Mode 2.
Loads & Results Scales.
See the Mode 1 & Mode 2.
Note:1. In step 1 modeling before applying Translational repeat, add following:
CommandsMiscellaneous Mode shape . max. No. of Mode
shape=10 Ok.
2. While giving Property, density of material has to be specified and
check with Staad editor whether the density of material is calculated or
not.