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Mud properties
1. 25g of bentonite were measured on a mass balance and added to 350 ml of distilled water,
the mixture was then stirred. 2g of duolvis was added to the mixture. The mixture was
stirred and labeled as Mud 1. Observation was made on its physical properties.
2. 25g of bentonite were measured on a mass balance and added to 350 ml of distilled water,
the mixture was then stirred. 1g of duolvis was added to the mixture. The mixture was
stirred and labeled as Mud 2. Observation was made on its physical properties.
3. 25g of bentonite were measured on a mass balance and added to 350 ml of distilled
water, the mixture was then stirred. The mixture was stirred and labeled as Mud 3.
Observation was made on its physical properties.
4. 20g of bentonite were measured on a mass balance and added to 350 ml of distilled water,
the mixture was then stirred. The mixture was stirred and labeled as Mud 4. Observation
was made on its physical properties.
5. After preparation of four mud samples then were poured into the blender.
6. 400 ml of distilled water was added into the blender.
7. The mixture was blended for 5 minutes, in 1 minute interval with 20 seconds breaks.
1.1.2
6. At the left hand edge of the rider, the density was read at desired units without disturbing
the rider.
7. The temperature was recorded for the corresponding density.
B: VISCOSITY MEASUREMENT USING MARSH FUNNEL
1. Base mud sample was poured through a screen into the funnel held in upright position
and its orifice covered with a finger until the level reached the bottom of the screen
(1500ml).
2. The finger was immediately removed from the outlet and the time required for the mud to
fill the receiving vessel to 1-quartz (946 ml) was measured.
3. The result was recorded to the nearest second at the given temperature of measurement in
degree centigrade.
C: pH MEASUREMENT
USING pH PAPER
1. The pH paper strips were dipped into the base mud sample for 1 minute and then
removed.
2. The color on the pH paper strips were compared with the color displayed in given pH
ranges.
3. The results were recorded at the given temperatures of measurements.
USING pH METER
1. The glass electrodes of the pH meter were dipped into the base mud sample for 2
minutes.
2. The pH meter readings were recorded at the given temperatures of measurements.
1.2 RESULTS
Table 1: Mud properties measurements results
SAMPLE NO.
Mud Weight
Marsh
Funnel
pH
(Hydrogen Ion Conc.)
Viscosity
ppg
g/cm3
Sec/quar
t
1.
8.6
1.03
1.3 DISCUSSION
pH
pH meter
paper
62
9.19
4.3( f o )
B o
.... Eqn.1
2. 400 cc of original base mud with a density of 8.6 ppg was prepared.
3. The calculated amount of barite required for each batch was added to their respective
original base muds ad was stirred for 2 minutes.
4. The viscosity for each batch was measured and recorded.
5. Step 3 was repeated for salt water based mud.
6. The results were tabulated and plots of density and viscosity versus the amount of barite
added were plotted for fresh water based mud and salt water based mud.
2. Water was added incrementally and the mud weight was measured every time to reach
10.5 ppg and the same 9.5 pH.
3. Viscosity was measured to check any changes.
4. The results were tabulated.
2.2 RESULTS
2.2.1 FRESH WATER
Table 2: Results on effect of adding bentonite on mud properties for fresh water base mud
SAMPLE
Mud Weight
pH
Marsh Funnel
(density)
No.
Bentonite
(g)
g/cm3
pH paper
pH
meter
Viscosity
Temperature
Sec/quart
1.
1.01
8.
8.08
26
32.6
2.
10
1.02
8.16
29.06
36.2
3.
15
1.03
8.5
8.33
32.85
37.1
4.
20
1.03
8.5
8.42
38
37.5
Mud Weight
Bentonite
pH
g/cm3
pH strip
Sec/quart
meter
(g)
1.
1.01
26
2.
10
1.02
8.5
8.5
28
3.
15
1.03
8.5
8.5
32
4.
20
1.03
8.5
8.5
36
MUD WEIGHT
BARITE ADDED
Fresh water
NO.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
VISCOSITY
(ppg)
8.6
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
(g)
0
25.65
93.26
166.32
245.50
Salt water
Sec
38.00
37.50
39.41
38.76
39.00
36.26
43.46
44.82
46.57
43.83
2.3 DISCUSSION
MUD WEIGHT
(lb/gal)
13.50
50
12.65
100
12.10
150
11.70
200
11.30
250
10.70
300
10.45
6. The results were plotted on a curve showing the viscosity and pH as a function of (SAPP)
concentration.
PART B: Sodium Chloride Salt (NaCl)
1. 20g of bentonite was measured on a mass balance and added to 400 ml of distilled water,
the mixture was then stirred with a blander.
2. Observation was made on its physical properties by measuring weight ppg, viscosity cp
and pH.
3. To a 400 ml base mud, 0.75, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 and 5.0 grams NaCl were added and stirred and
step (2) after each addition was repeated.
3.2 RESULTS
Table 6: Salt Water contamination results
SAMPLE
NaCl
Mud Weight
pH
Viscosity
Bentonite (g)
ml
lb/gal
pH strip
Sec/quart
1.
30
8.7
8.5
40
2.
30
27
8.7
8.5
65
No.
Bentonite
NaCl
SAPP
pH
Viscosity
Ml
pH strip
Sec/quart
(g)
1.
30
27
0.2
7.5
33.68
2.
30
27
0.4
7.5
33.80
3.
30
27
0.6
7.5
34.00
4.
30
27
0.8
7.5
33.40
5.
30
27
1.0
7.5
34.00
NaCl
pH
Viscosity
Mud Weight
Bentonite (g)
gr
pH strip
Sec/quart
ppg
1.
20
0.00
8.80
30.75
8.60
2.
20
0.75
7.58
37.50
8.60
3.
20
1.50
8.23
40.71
8.60
4.
20
2.50
8.20
43.00
8.60
5.
20
3.50
8.22
52.57
8.60
6.
20
5.00
8.27
53.57
8.60
No.
Bentonite (g)
CaSO4 -2H2O
pH
Viscosity
Mud Weight
Gr
pH
Sec/quart
ppg
strip
1.
20
0.00
8.80
30.75
8.60
2.
20
0.75
7.58
32.94
8.60
3.
20
1.50
8.23
31.00
8.60
4.
20
2.50
8.20
29.67
8.60
5.
20
3.50
8.22
29.00
8.60
6.
20
5.00
8.27
28.16
8.60
CaSO4
pH
Viscosity
Mud Weight
Gr
pH
Sec/quart
ppg
Bentonite (g)
strip
1.
20
0.00
8.80
30.75
8.60
2.
20
0.75
8.63
34.00
8.60
3.
20
1.50
8.50
38.33
8.60
4.
20
2.50
8.42
38.93
8.60
5.
20
3.50
8.38
38.27
8.60
6.
20
5.00
8.30
34.45
8.60
Cement
Mud Weight
pH
Viscosity
Bentonite (g)
lb/gal
pH strip
Sec/quart
1.
20
8.6
8.5
29.48
2.
20
1.35
8.6
8.5
81.80
No.
Table 12: Treatment of mud with Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) results
SAMPLE
Cement
SAPP
pH
Viscosity
Bentonite (g)
pH strip
Sec/quart
ppg
1.
20
1.35
0.1
11.0
73.00
8.60
2.
20
1.35
0.2
11.0
50.21
8.60
3.
20
1.35
0.3
11.5
41.80
8.60
4.
20
1.35
0.4
11.0
37.00
8.60
5.
20
1.35
0.5
11.0
38.00
8.60
6.
20
1.35
0.6
11.5
38.00
8.60
7.
20
1.35
1.0
10.5
48.22
No.
Mud Weig
8.60
Cement
Treatment Samples
SAPP
Sodium
Properties
Mud Weight
pH
Viscosity
lb/gal
pH
Sec/quar
strip
Bicarbonat
e
No.
Bentonit
e (g)
1.
20
8.6
8.5
30.78
2.
20
0.762
0.3
0.762
8.6
8.5
30.00
4.2 RESULTS
Table 14: Mud contamination, treatment and resulted properties
Base Mud
Contaminants
te
Treatment
Properties
Nac
ceme
CaS
CaSO4
SAP
NaHC
Poly
Mud
nt
O4
-2H2O
O3
mer
Weig
pH
Viscosi
ty
ht
(g)
ml
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
(g)
lb/gal
pH
Sec/qu
stri
art
p
60
1600
00
8.5
60
1600
50.7
2.0
1.0
1.5
1.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
8.7
8.0
33.46
4
Weight of added sand = 11.9g
Sand content of the mud = 0.95%
4.3 DISCUSSION