1

1.

a = a a a a a .. a (a
n

2) (-5) 3 = -5 -5 -5
3

1) 3 4 = 3 3 3 3

-5

1
3)
2

1
2

1
2

1) 8 16

= (2 2 2) (2 2 2 2)

= 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= 27
2) 75 15

= (3 5 5) (3 5)

= 3 5 5 3 5

1
2

2
= 32 53
2.

a , b

1)

m , n

23 24

2)

= 234

a m a n = am n

=2 7

am an = a

m n

37 34

3)

= 3 7 4

(a m ) n

4)

= 33

a mn

(3 4 ) 2 =

38

(ab) n = a n b n

(3p) 7 =

37 p

5)

a

b

an
bn

6)

5
3 = 35

45
4

a n =

x4

7) (0)
1

a0

= 1

= 1

1) ( a 2 b 8 )(2a 5 b 6 )

= 2a 2 5 b 8 6

= 2a 7 b 14
6
4 x4 y
2)
2
x3 y

= 4x 4 3 y 6 2
=4xy 4

3)

( 6 x 2 y 7 )( 2 x 4 )
14 x 3 y

= 6x

an

x 4 =

3 y5

(6 2) x2 4 3 y7 2
14

(0)

4
1) (2x 4 y 8 ) 2

= 2 2 (x 4 ) 2 (y 8 ) 2
= 4 x 8 y 16

2 x y4

2)
3
3z

25 x5 ( y 4 )

3 5 ( z3 ) 5

32 x5 y20
=
243 z15

1) 2 3n 8 n 1

= 2 3n (2 3 ) n 1
= 2 3n 2 3(n 1)
= 2 3n 2 3n 3
= 2 3 n 3n 3
= 2 6n 3

2) 3 2n 3 81 2n = 3 2n 3 (3 4 ) 2n
= 3 2n 3 3 8 n
= 3 2 n 3 8 n
= 3 10 n 3

1)

a x 4
y 2

1
x4

1
y2

x4

1
y2

a y 2

x4 1

=
=

2)

2 a b 6
c7

a y2
x4

2a

1
b6

1
c7

2a

b6

1
c7

6
2a c7

6
1
b

2a c7

=
=

b6

4 a b3
2
1) 5a

5
c

= 5a 2 (1)

=5a 2
2) (2 x

y) 0 ( x 0 y 2 )
2x

=
=

3)

( 4 a 2 b ) 0 a 5
c4

(1)(1) y 2
2x
y2

2x
(1)
a5 c 4

=
4)

7 x 3 y 1 z 2
7

1 2 3 4

1
a5 c 4

= 7 3 1 x 3 2 y 1 3 z 2 4

= 74 x5 y2 z2

1)

5 3n 2 10 n 9 2 5 9n = 5 3n 2 (5 2)n 9 2 5 9n
= 5 3n 2 5 n 9 2 n 9 2 5 9 n
= 5 3n 2 n 9 2 n 9 5 9 n

7
= 5 4 n 7 2 8 n 4
2)

49 3 m 2 a 3 n m
2m

(7a)

( 7 2 ) 3m 2 a 3n m
7 2m a 2m

7 2 ( 3 m 2 ) a 3 n m
2m
7 2m a

= 7 2 ( 3m 2 ) 2 m a 3n m 2 m

3)

7 6 m 4 2 m a 3 n m

7 4 m 4 a 3 n m

2n 1
4 n 1

1
n 1
2n
2n 1

2n 1
2 n ( n 1)

2n 1 22n 2
=
2
2 n
n
2
2 n 1
2
2n 1 2 n 1
=

2 n
n
22n 2
2

n 1

22

2n 1 n 1

2
2
2 (n 1) ( n 1) ( n n) ( 2n 2)

2
2
2n 1 n 1 n n 2n 2

8
=

2 2

1
22

1.
0

m , n , p, q

1.2

a , b , c , x , y , z

1.1

a10 a12

1.8 (x 2 y 5 )(x 3 y 2 ) 2

1.2

(-2) 2 y 4

1.9 (a n ) 4 (a n 1 )

1.3

(2x 2 y 4 ) 5

1.10

am n
a 2 m 3n

1.4

(x 2 yz 4 ) 5

1.5

( y 4 x 2 ) 0

1.12

2 2

(ab) mn
1.6

1.11 (5 p q )(5 3p 3 q )

1.13

5 1 x 2 y 1 z 6
5

x y

2 3

2 n 1 2 n 1

1
4 n

( xy ) 4

2n 1

1.14

15 n 1

6 n 2
5n 1

2.

( 2 a 1 ) 2 ( 3 a 2 ) 1

2.1

( 3 a 5 ) 1 ( 2 a 2 ) 2

2.2

a 3 b 2 c 5

a 2 b 1 c 3

3.

2 n ( 2 n 1 ) n

x5 y6

1.7

2.3

(a m ) n (b m ) n

4 y 3
243 yz

2.4

2.5
243 x 2 yz 2

16
y

2.6

49 2 n
72 n
5 4 p 5 125 p 6
625 p 2
x 3m n ( xy ) 2n m
y2m

10

1)

2x 2 + 5x 2

=
=

2)

a 4 +9a 4 -5a 4

(2+5) x 2

7x 2
= ( 1+9-5) a 4

= 5a 4

1)
2

2x 2 +5x 3 - 10x 4 = 2x 2 +(5x)x 2 -(10x

)x 2
= (2 + 5x 10x 2 )x 2
2)

6a 4 - 3a 7 +7a 9 = 6a 4 - 3a 4 a 3 +7a 4

a5
= (6 3a 3 +7a 5 )a 4

32 34
35

32 34
35

32 3232
3233

11

3 2 (1 3 2 )

(1 3 2 )

2x 4 6x5
x4

3233

33
10
27

2x 4 6x5
x4

2 x 4 6 xx 4
x4

x 4 ( 2 6 x)
=
x4

= 2 + 6x

1.2

1. 4a 6 - 14a 6 +20a 6
2. c 3 - b 2 +4c 3 +6c 3 + 10b 2
3. 3x 2 - 5x 3 + 4x 2 - 6x 3
4. 3ab 2 - 6ab 2 - 4ab 2 + 5ab 2
5. (3x 3 - 2x 2 + 8x +9 ) (2x 3 + 5x 2 +2x 1)

12
6.
7.

22 25
22
3 3 3 4
3 5
x3 x2 y

8.

xy 2 y 4

9.

x3 x2
x 1

13

14

15

16