Exercise: Chapter 7 (Updated 10 November 2014)

1. Find the momentum of a 100-kg ostrich running at 15 m/s.

[1500 kg m/s]
2. A mass m undergoes free fall. What is its momentum after it has fallen a distance
h (magnitude)?
[ m(2gh) ]
3. An object with a mass of 2 kg falls from the top of a 10-m building height. (a)
What is its momentum at the moment it hit the ground? (b) What is its kinetic
energy? [(a) -28.28 kg m/s; (b) 200 J]
4. Show that the linear momentum p and kinetic energy K of a mass m are related
through K = p2/2m.
5. A 60-kg skater pushes a 50-kg skater, who moves away at 2.0 m/s. As a result, the
first skater moves backward at what speed? [1.67 m/s]
6. A 15-g bullet is fired from a 5-kg rifle at a muzzle velocity of 600 m/s. Find the
recoil velocity of the rifle.
[-1.8 m/s]
7. An astronaut is in space at rest relative to an orbiting spacecraft. His total weight
is 100 kg, and he throws away a 1-kg hammer at a velocity of 10 m/s relative to
the spacecraft. How fast does he move off in the opposite direction? [0.1 m/s]
8. A 1000-kg car strikes a fence at 10 m/s and comes to a stop in 1 s. What average
force acted on the car? [-1000 N]
9. A golfer hits a golf ball of mass 51 g and the ball leaves the club with a velocity of
80 m/s. Assuming that the ball and club are in contact for 0.006 s, find the balls
final momentum and the average force exerted by the club on the ball. [4.08
kgm/s; 680 N]
10. A 5.0-g bullet moving at 100 m/s strikes a log. Assume that the bullet undergoes
uniform deceleration and stops in 6.0 cm. Find (a) the time taken for the bullet to
stop, (b) the impulse on the log, and (c) the average force experienced by the log.
[(a) 1.2 10-3 s; (b) -0.5 kg m/s; (c) 417 N]
11. A 0.5-kg snowball moving at 20 m/s strikes and sticks to a 70-kg man standing on
the frictionless surface of a frozen pond. What is the mans final velocity? [0.14
m/s]
12. A 40-kg skater traveling at 4 m/s overtakes a 60-kg skater traveling at 2 m/s in the
same direction and collides with her. (a) If the two skaters remain in contact, what
is their final velocity? (b) How much kinetic energy is lost? [(a) 2.8 m/s; (b) 48 J
or 10.91% loss]
13. The two skaters of previous problem are moving in opposite directions and collide
head-on. (a) If they remain in contact, what is their final velocity? (b) How much
kinetic energy is lost? [(a) 0.4 m/s; (b) 432 J or 98% loss]
14. A 1000-kg car moving north at 20 m/s collides with a 1500-kg car moving west at
12 m/s. If the cars stick together after the collision, at what velocity and in what
direction does the wreckage begin to move? [7.2i + 8j; or 10.8 m/s; 42 west of
north]
15. A ball of 0.4-kg mass and a speed of 3 m/s has a head-on, completely elastic
collision with a 0.6-kg mass initially at rest. Find the speeds of both bodies after
the collision. [2.4 m/s; -0.6 m/s]
16. Two identical balls collide head-on. The initial velocity of one is 0.75 m/s, while
that of the other is -0.43 m/s. If the collision is perfectly elastic, what is the final
velocity of each ball?
[-0.43 m/s and 0.75 m/s]
17. A 16-g mass is moving in the +x direction at 30 cm/s while a 4-g mass is moving
in the x direction at 50 cm/s. They collide head-on and stick together. Find their
velocity after collision. [0.14 m/s]

18. A 2-kg rock is moving at a speed of 6 m/s. What constant force is needed to stop
the rock in 7 10-4 s?
[-1.71 104 N]
19. A 20-g bullet moving horizontally at 50 m/s strikes a 7-kg block resting on a table.
The bullet embeds in the block after collision. Find (a) the speed of the block after
collision and (b) the frictional force between the table and block if the block
moves 1.5 m before stopping. [(a) 0.1425 m/s; (b) 0.0477 N]
20. A 4-g bullet is fired horizontally with a speed of 300 m/s into a 0.8-kg block of
wood at rest on a table. If the coefficient of friction between the block and the
table is 0.3, how far will the block slide?
[0.37 m]
21. A 4-g bullet is fired into a 2.996-kg block of wood which is the bob of a ballistic
pendulum. If the bob leaves its equilibrium position with a speed of 0.5 m/s, what
are the speed of the bullet and the height above the equilibrium position reached
by the center of gravity of the block?
[375 m/s; 0.0125 m]
22. A 1200-kg car is moving east at 30.0 m/s and collides with a 3600-kg truck
moving at 20.0 m/s in a direction 60 north of east. The vehicles interlock and
move off together. Find their common velocity. [19.8 m/s; 40.9 north of east; or
15i + 13j]
23. An object at rest explodes into three pieces of equal mass. One moves east at 20
m/s; a second moves southeast at 30 m/s. What is the velocity of the third piece?
[46.4 m/s; 153 or 27 north of west; or -41.21i + 21.21j]
24. Three particles, of masses 2 kg, 4 kg, and 6 kg, are located
y m3 =6kg
at the vertices of an equilateral triangle of side 0.5 m. Find
the center of mass of this collection, giving its coordinates
x
in terms of a system with its origin at the 2-kg particle and
m1 =2kg
m2 =4kg
with the 4-kg particle located along the positive X axis.
[(0.29,0.21)]
25. Four objects are located at different locations. m1, m2,
y
m3 and m4 are located at (0,0), (5,0), (4,4), and (2,3),
m3 =3kg
respectively. Where is their center of mass? [(3,2.4)]
m4 =4kg
m1 =1 kg

x
m2 =2kg

[0.554 m]