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working principle of a 3 phase

induction motor
APR28ENGINEERINGNOTES2573VIEWS3COMMENTSONWORKINGPRINCIPLEOFA3
PHASEINDUCTIONMOTOR

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PamHsiang
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machine,Coil&transformer
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An electric motor converts electrical energy into a mechanical energy

whichisthensuppliedtodifferenttypesofloads.Incaseofthreephase
ACoperation,mostwidelyusedmotoristhreephaseinductionmotoras
this type of motor does not require any starting device or we can say
theyareselfstartinginductionmotor.
A3phaseinductionmotorderivesitsnamefromthefactthattherotor
currentisinducedbythemagneticfeild,insteadofelectricalconnections.
the operating principle of a 3 phase induction motor is based on the
productionofr.m.f.

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working principle of a 3phase induction motor

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Thedirectionofrotationofthemotordependsonthephasesequenceof
supply lines, and the order in which these lines are connected to the
stator. thus interchanging the connection of any two primary terminals
tothesupplywillreversethedirectionofrotation.Thenumberofpoles
and the frequency of the applied voltage determine the synchronous
speedofrotationinthemotorsstator.Motorsarecommonlyconfigured
to have 2,4,6 or 8 poles. The synchronous speed a term given to the
speed at which the field produced by primary currents will rotate, is
determinedbythefollowingexpression.
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Stator
ACMotorSpeedControl
ThreePhaseMotorControl
Synchronous speed of rotation=(120* supply frequency)/ number of
polesonthestator.
ThustheThreePhaseInductionMotoris:
1)selfstarting
2)robustinconstruction
3)easiertomaintain
4)lessarmaturereactionandbrushsparkingbecauseoftheabsenceof
commutatoresandbrushesthatmaycausesparks,
expectedquestions:
ques 1)why the exciting current of induction motor is so high as

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comparedtothepowertransformer?
ans unlike that of a power transformer, the magnetic circuit of the
induction motor has an airgap. Therefore, the exciting current of the
inductionmotor(30to40%offullloadcurrent)ismuchhigherthanthat
ofthepowertransformer.
ques 2) How transformation ratio of induction motor is differnt as
comparedtopowertransformer?
ans In a transformer, the windings are concentrated whereas in an
inductionmotor,thewindingsaredistributed.Thisaffectsthetranformer
ratio.
ques3)Howslipringmotorsarestarted?
Slipringmotorsareinvariablystartedbyrotorresistancestarting.
ques 4) What is the effect of starting of induction motor on connected
line?
ansLargestartingcurrentwillproducelargelinevoltagedrop.Thiswill
adverselyaffecttheoperationofotherelectricalequipmentconnectedto
the same lines. Therefore, it is desirable and neccesary to reduce the
magneticofstatorcurrentatstartingandseveralmethodsareavailable
fortjispurpose.

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phase
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR: SHIVANGI NUPUR

3 RESPONSES TO WORKING PRINCIPLE OF A 3 PHASE INDUCTION

MOTOR

admin
10/10/2015at6:41pm

Reply

RachitaMishra
30/04/2013at5:48pm

cancollectinformationabout3phaseinductionmotor.

Reply

RANJITSINGH
28/04/2013at10:39pm

Thisarticleexplainsveryfinelyworkingprincipleof3phase
induction motor as well as it also gives some expected
question from this section which will be very helpful for
interviewandsomeexams.

Reply

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