Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Contents
1
Zen
1.1
Etymology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2
Zen practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.3
1.2.4
1.2.5
1.2.6
Lay services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Zen teachings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3.1
Rinzai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3.2
Soto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3.3
Sanbo Kyodan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Zen scripture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4.1
1.4.2
1.4.3
Zen literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5
1.6
Zen narratives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.7
History of Zen
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.7.1
Chinese Chn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.7.2
Spread of Chn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10
1.8
See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
1.9
Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11
1.3
1.4
1.10 References
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
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17
18
19
20
2.1
Buddislam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
2.1.1
20
12
Zenshiism
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
i
ii
CONTENTS
2.1.2
Zensusm
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
2.1.3
Zensunni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
2.2
Judaism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
2.3
Mahayana Christianity
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
2.4
Mahayana Lankavatara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
2.5
Muadru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
2.6
Navachristianity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
2.7
Third Islam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
2.8
Zen Hekiganshu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
2.9
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22
24
3.1
A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
3.2
B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
3.3
C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25
3.4
D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
3.5
E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
3.6
F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
3.7
G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
3.8
H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
3.9
I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
3.10 J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
3.11 K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
3.12 L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
3.13 M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
3.14 N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
3.15 O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
3.16 P . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28
3.17 Q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
3.18 R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
3.19 S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
29
3.20 T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
3.21 U . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
3.22 V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
3.23 W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30
3.24 Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
3.25 Z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
3.26 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
31
31
Bene Gesserit
32
4.1
32
Plotlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CONTENTS
4.2
4.3
4.4
iii
4.1.1
32
4.1.2
Sequels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
33
4.1.3
Legends of Dune . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34
4.1.4
34
34
4.2.1
Breeding program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
34
4.2.2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35
4.2.3
Missionaria Protectiva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35
4.2.4
Spice agony . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36
4.3.1
Other Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
36
4.3.2
The Voice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
4.3.3
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
4.3.4
Simulow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
37
4.3.5
38
4.3.6
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38
4.3.7
Sexual talents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
38
Weaknesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39
4.4.1
Addiction to melange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39
4.4.2
Abomination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39
Powers
4.5
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
39
4.6
39
4.7
See also . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
4.8
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
4.9
External links . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
40
41
4.10.1 Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
41
4.10.2 Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
42
43
Chapter 1
Zen
For other uses, see Zen (disambiguation).
doctrine* [5]* [6] and favors direct understanding through
Zen (Chinese: ; pinyin: Chn) is a school of zazen and interaction with an accomplished teacher.* [7]
The teachings of Zen include various sources
of Mahayana thought, especially Yogcra, the
Tathgatagarbha stras and the Huayan school, with
their emphasis on Buddha-nature, totality, and the
Bodhisattva-ideal.* [8]* [9] The Prajpramit literature* [10] and, to a lesser extent, Madhyamaka have
also been inuential in the shaping of the paradoxical
languageof the Zen-tradition.
1.1 Etymology
The word Zen is derived from the Japanese pronunciation
of the Middle Chinese word (djen) (pinyin: Chn),
which in turn is derived from the Sanskrit word dhyna(
),* [1] which can be approximately translated as
absorptionor "meditative state".* [11]
CHAPTER 1. ZEN
of Anuttar Samyaksabodhi. One distinctive aspect of
Zen meditation in groups is the use of a kyosaku, a at,
wooden slat used to strike meditators with the intention
of keeping them focused and awake.
1.2.2
1.2.3
the kan method became popular, whereas others practicedsilent illumination.* [12] This became the source
of some dierences in practice between the Linji and
Caodong traditions.
A kan, literally public case, is a story or dialogue,
describing an interaction between a Zen master and a student. These anecdotes give a demonstration of the master's insight. Koans emphasize the non-conceptional insight that the Buddhist teachings are pointing to. Koans
can be used to provoke the great doubt, and test a
student's progress in Zen practice.
Kan-inquiry may be practiced during sitting meditation
(zazen), walking meditation (kinhin), and throughout all
the activities of daily life. Kan practice is particularly
emphasized by the Japanese Rinzai school, but it also occurs in other schools or branches of Zen depending on the
teaching line.* [13]
The Zen student's mastery of a given kan is presented to
the teacher in a private interview (referred to in Japanese
as dokusan ( ), daisan ( ), or sanzen ( )).
While there is no unique answer to a kan, practitioners are expected to demonstrate their understanding of
the kan and of Zen through their responses. The teacher
may approve or disapprove of the answer and guide the
student in the right direction. The interaction with a Zen-
teacher is central in Zen, but makes Zen-practice, at least is rmly grounded in the Buddhist tradition.* [17] It was
in the west, also vulnerable to misunderstanding and ex- thoroughly inuenced by the Chinese understanding of
ploitation.* [14]
Yogacara and the Buddha-nature doctrine,* [18]* [19] Zen
integrates both Yogacara and Madhyamaka,* [20] and the
inuence of Madhyamaka can be discerned in the stress
on non-conceptual insight and the paradoxical language
1.2.5 Zen chanting and liturgy
of the koans.* [18]* [web 4]* [21]* [note 2] Most essential
are the most fundamental teaching that we are already
See also: Buddhist chant
originally enlightened",* [22] and the Bodhisattva ideal,
which supplements insight with Karu, compassion with
A practice in many Zen monasteries and centers is a daily
all sentient beings.* [23]
liturgy service. Practitioners chant major sutras such as
the Heart Sutra, chapter 25 of the Lotus Sutra (often To point out 'essential Zen-teachings' is almost impossicalled the Avalokiteshvara Sutra), the Song of the ble, given the variety of schools, the extended history of
Jewel Mirror Awareness, the Great Compassionate Heart 1500 years, and the emphasis on suchness, reality just-asDharani (Daihishin Dharani), and other minor mantras. it-is, which has to be expressed in daily life, not in words.
But common to most schools and teachings is this emThe Butsudan is the altar in a monastery where oerings
phasis on suchness and Buddha-nature, the Bodhisattvaare made to the images of the Buddha or Bodhisattvas.
ideal, and the priority of zazen.
The same term is also used in Japanese homes for the
altar where one prays to and communicates with deceased Zen teachings can be likened to the nger pointing
family members. As such, reciting liturgy in Zen can be at the moon.* [24] Zen teachings point to the moon,
seen as a means to connect with the Bodhisattvas of the awakening, a realization of the unimpeded interpenpast. Liturgy is often used during funerals, memorials, etration of the dharmadhatu".* [25] But the Zen-tradition
and other special events as means to invoke the aid of also warns against taking its teachings, the pointing nger,
to be this insight itself.* [26]* [web 5]* [web 6]* [27]
supernatural powers.
Chanting usually centers on major Bodhisattvas like The various traditions lay various emphases in their
Avalokiteshvara (see also Guan Yin) and Manjusri. Ac- teachings and practices:
cording to Mahayana Buddhism, Bodhisattvas are beings
who have taken vows to remain in Samsara to help all
There are two dierent ways of underbeings achieve liberation from the cycle of birth, death
standing and actually practicing Zen. These
and rebirth. Since the Zen practitioner's aim is to walk
two dierent ways are termed in Chinese pen
the Bodhisattva path, chanting can be used as a means
chueh and shih-chueh respectively. The term
to connect with these beings and realize this ideal within
pen chueh refers to the belief that ones mind
oneself.
is from the beginning of time fully enlightened, while shih-chueh refers to the belief that
at some point in time we pass from imprison1.2.6 Lay services
ment in ignorance and delusion to a true vision of Zen realization: Our enlightenment
Though in western Zen the emphasis is on zenis timeless, yet our realization of it occurs in
meditation, and the application of Zen-teachings in daily
time.According to this belief experiencing a
life, Japanese Zen also serves a function in public relimoment of awakening in this life is of central
gion. Funerals play an important role as a point of contact
importance.* [28]
between the monks and the laity. Statistics published by
the St school state that 80 percent of St laymen visit
their temple only for reasons having to do with funerals 1.3.1 Rinzai
and death. Seventeen percent visit for spiritual reasons
and 3 percent visit a Zen priest at a time of personal trou- Main article: Rinzai school
ble or crisis.* [15]
Though Zen-narrative states that it is aspecial transmis- Other Zen-teachers have also expressed sudden insight
sion outside scriptureswhichdid not stand upon words followed by gradual cultivation. Chinul, a 12th-century
,* [16] Zen does have a rich doctrinal background, which Korean Seon master, followed Zongmi, and also empha-
CHAPTER 1. ZEN
and doctrines of Mahyna Buddhism.* [39] Unsui, Zenmonks, are expected to become familiar with the classics of the Zen canon.* [40] A review of the early historical documents and literature of early Zen masters clearly
reveals that they were well versed in numerous Mahyna
*
*
4]* [note 5]* [5]* [note 6] inTo attain this primary insight and to deepen it, zazen and Buddhist stras, [5] [note
*
kan-study is deemed essential. This trajectory of ini- cluding Madhyamaka. [18]
tial insight followed by a gradual deepening and ripen- Nevertheless, Zen is often pictured as antiing is expressed by Linji in his Three mysterious Gates, intellectual.* [39] This picture of Zen emerged during
and the Four Ways of Knowing of Hakuin.* [23] Another the Song Dynasty (9601297), when Chn became the
example of depiction of stages on the path are the Ten dominant form of Buddhism in China, and gained great
Ox-Herding Pictures which detail the steps on the Path. popularity among the educated and literary classes of
Chinese society. The use of koans, which are highly
stylized literary texts, reects this popularity among
the higher classes.* [43] The famous saying do not
1.3.2 Soto
establish words and letters, attributed in this period to
Bodhidharma,* [44]
Main article: St
sized that insight into our true nature is sudden, but is to
be followed by practice to ripen the insight and attain full
Buddhahood. This is also the standpoint of the contemporary Sanbo Kyodan, according to whom kensho is at
the start of the path to full enlightenment.* [33]
1.4.3
Zen literature
5
Zen.* [72]* [73]* [43]* [74]* [75]* [76]
Modern scientic research on the history of Zen discerns
three main narratives concerning Zen, its history and its
teachings: Traditional Zen Narrative (TZN),* [77]* [web
9] Buddhist Modernism (BM),* [71] Historical and Cultural Criticism (HCC).* [77] An external narrative is
Nondualism, which claims Zen to be a token of a universal nondualist essence of religions.* [78]* [79]
Periodisation
Main articles: Zen organisation and institutions, Zen The history of Chn in China can be divided in several peranks and hierarchy, Dharma transmission and Zen riods. Zen as we know it today is the result of a long hislineage charts
tory, with many changes and contingent factors. Each period had dierent types of Zen, some of which remained
*
*
Religion is not only an individual matter, but also a inuential while others vanished. [43] [80]
collective endeavour.* [64] Though individual experi- Ferguson distinguishes three periods from the 5th century
ence* [65] and the iconoclastic picture of Zen* [66] are into the 13th century:
emphasised in the Western world, the Zen-tradition is
maintained and transferred by a high degree of institu1. The Legendary period, from Bodhidharma in
tionalisation and hierarchy.* [67]* [68] In Japan, moderthe late 5th century to the An Lushan Rebellion
nity has led to criticism of the formal system and
around
765 CE, in the middle of the Tang Dythe commencement of lay-oriented Zen-schools such
nasty.
Little
written information is left from this
*
as the Sanbo Kyodan [37] and the Ningen Zen Ky*
period.
[81]
It
is the time of the Six Patriarchs,
*
odan. [web 8] How to organize the continuity of the
including
Bodhidharma
and Huineng, and the legZen-tradition in the West, constraining charismatic auendarysplit
between
the
Northern and the Souththority and the derailment it may bring on the one
*
ern
School
of
Chn.
[43]
*
*
*
hand, [69] [70] [14] and maintaining the legitimacy and
authority by limiting the number of authorized teachers
2. The Classical period, from the end of the An
on the other hand,* [64] is a challenge for the developing
Lushan Rebellion around 765 CE to the beginning
Zen-communities in the West.
of the Song Dynasty around 950 CE.* [81] This is
the time of the great masters of Chn, such as Mazu
Daoyi and Linji Yixuan, and the creation of the yl genre, the recordings of the sayings and teachings
1.6 Zen narratives
of these great masters.
Main article: Zen Narratives
The Chn of the Tang Dynasty, especially that of
Mazu and Linji with its emphasis on shock techniques, in retrospect was seen as a golden age of
Chn.* [43] This picture has gained great popularity
in the West in the 20th century, especially due to
the inuence of D.T. Suzuki,* [71] and further popularized by Hakuun Yasutani and the Sanbo Kyodan.* [65] This picture has been challenged, and complemented, since the 1970s by modern scientic research on
CHAPTER 1. ZEN
Although McRae has reservations about the division of Origins and Taoist inuences (c. 200-500)
Chn-history in phases or periods,* [82] he nevertheless
distinguishes four phases in the history of Chn:* [83]
See also: Han Dynasty, Silk Road transmission of
Buddhism and Six Dynasties
1. Proto-Chn (c. 500-600) (Southern and Northern Dynasties (420 to 589) and Sui Dynasty (589 The practice of Buddhist meditation was practiced in
618 CE)). In this phase, Chn developed in mul- China centuries before the rise of Chn by people such as
tiple locations in northern China. It was based on An Shigao (c. 148-180 CE) and his school who translated
the practice of dhyana, and is connected to the g- various meditation treatises (Chn-jing, ). Other imures of Bodhidharma and Huike. Its principal text portant translators of meditation texts were Kumrajva
is the Two Entrances and Four Practices, attributed (334413 CE) and Buddhabhadra. These Chinese transto Bodhidharma.* [84]
lations of mostly Indian Yogacara meditation manuals
basis for the meditation techniques of Chinese
2. Early Chn (c. 600-900) (Tang Dynasty (618907 were the
*
Chan.
[web
10]
CE)). In this phase Chn took its rst clear contours.
Prime gures are the fth patriarch Daman Hongren (601674), his dharma-heir Yuquan Shenxiu
(606?706), the sixth patriarch Huineng (638
713), antagonist of the quintessential Platform Sutra, and Shenhui (670-762), whose propaganda elevated Huineng to the status of sixth patriarch. Prime
factions are the Northern School, Southern School
and Oxhead School.* [85]
3. Middle Chn (c. 750-1000) (from An Lushan ReJudging from the reception by the Han of
bellion (755-763) till Five Dynasties and Ten Kingthe Hinayana works and from the early comdoms period (907960/979)). In this phase develmentaries, it appears that Buddhism was beoped the well-known Chn of the iconoclastic zening perceived and digested through the medium
masters. Prime gures are Mazu Daoyi (709788),
of religious Daoism (Taoism). Buddha was
Shitou Xiqian (710-790), Linji Yixuan (died 867),
seen as a foreign immortal who had achieved
and Xuefeng Yicun (822-908). Prime factions are
some form of Daoist nondeath. The Buddhists
the Hongzhou school and the Hubei faction* [note
mindfulness of the breath was regarded as an
8] An important text is the Anthology of the Paextension of Daoist breathing exercises.* [60]
triarchal Hall (952), which gives a great amount of
encounter-stories, and the well-known genealogy
of the Chn-school.* [88]
Taoist terminology was used to express Buddhist doctrines in the oldest translations of Buddhist texts,* [95]
4. Song Dynasty Chn (c. 950-1300). In this phase
a practice termed ko-i, matching the concepts,* [98]
Chn took its denitive shape, including the picwhile the emerging Chinese Buddhism had to compete
ture of the golden ageof the Chn of the Tangwith Taoism and Confucianism.* [92]
Dynasty, and the use of koans for individual study
and meditation. Prime gures are Dahui Zonggao The rst Buddhist recruits in China were Taoists.* [95]
(10891163), who introduced the Hua Tou prac- They developed high esteem for the newly introduced
tice, and Hongzhi Zhengjue (1091-1157), who em- Buddhist meditational techniques,* [99] and blended
phasized Shikantaza. Prime factions are the Linji them with Taoist meditation.* [100] Representatives of
school and the Caodong school. The classic koan- early Chinese Buddhism like Sengzhao and Tao Sheng
collections, such as the Blue Cli Record were as- were deeply inuenced by the Taoist keystone works of
sembled in this period,* [89] which reect the in- Laozi and Zhuangzi.* [101] Against this background, esuence of the literation the development of pecially the Taoist concept of naturalness was inherited
Chn.* [90]* [44] In this phase Chn is transported to by the early Chn disciples:* [102] they equated - to some
Japan, and exerts a great inuence on Korean Seon extent - the ineable Tao and Buddha-nature,* [103] and
thus, rather than feeling bound to the abstract wisdom
via Jinul.
of the stras, emphasized Buddha-nature to be found
*
Neither Ferguson nor McRae give a periodisation in everydayhuman life, just as the Tao. [103]
for Chinese Chn following the Song-dynasty, though In addition to Taoist ideas, also Neo-Taoist concepts were
McRae mentions
taken over in Chinese Buddhism.* [98] Concepts such as
Ti -yung (Essence and Function) and Li-shih
[5.]at least a postclassical phase or perhaps
(Noumenon and Phenomenon) were rst taken over by
multiple phases.* [91]* [note 9]
Hua-yen Buddhism,* [98] which consequently inuenced
Bodhidharma is depicted as a rather ill-tempered, profusely bearded and wide-eyed barbarian. He is referred
asThe Blue-Eyed Barbarian" (:Byn h) in Chinese Chan texts.* [web 11] Only scarce historical information is available about him, but his hagiography developed when the Chan tradition grew stronger and gained
prominence in the early 8th century. By this time a
lineage of the six ancestral founders of Chn in China
was developed.* [43] The short text Two Entrances and
Four Acts, written by T'an-ln (; 506574), contains
teachings which are attributed to Bodhidharma. The text
is known from the Dunhuang-manuscripts.
The actual origins of Chn may lie in ascetic practitioners of Buddhism, who found refuge in forests and
mountains.* [108] Huike,a dhuta (extreme ascetic) who
schooled others* [108] and used the Srimala Sutra,* [52]
one of the Tathgatagarbha stras ,* [109] gures in the
stories about Bodhidharma. Huike is regarded as the second Chn patriarch, appointed by Bodhidharma to succeed him. One of Huike's students, Sengcan, to whom is
Bodhidharma. Woodcut print by Yoshitoshi (Japanese), 1887.
ascribed the Xinxin Ming, is regarded as the third patrito Bodhidharma, an Iranian language speaking Central arch.
Asian monk* [106] or an Indian monk.* [107] The story of
his life, and of the Six Patriarchs, was constructed during
the Tang Dynasty to lend credibility to the growing Chn- Early Chn - Tang Dynasty (c. 600900)
school.* [43]
Bodhidharma is recorded as having come into China dur- See also: Tang Dynasty
ing the time of Southern and Northern Dynasties to teach
a special transmission outside scriptureswhich did With the fourth patriarch, Daoxin ( 580651),* [52]
not stand upon words.* [16] Throughout Buddhist art, Chn began to take shape as a distinct school. The
8
link between Huike and Sengcan, and the fourth patriarch Daoxin is far from clear and remains tenuous
.* [108] With Daoxin and his successor, the fth patriarch Hongren ( 601674), there emerged a new
style of teaching, which was inspired by the Chinese text
Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana.* [52] A large group
of students gathered at a permanent residence, and extreme ascetism became outdated.* [108] The period of
Daoxin and Hongren came to be called the East Mountain
Teaching, due to the location of the residence of Hongren
at Huamgmei.* [110]* [43]
CHAPTER 1. ZEN
to a loss of control by the Tang-dynasty, and changed the
Chan scene again. Metropolitan Chan began to lose its
status, while other schools were arising in out-lying areas controlled by warlords. These are the forerunners of
the Chan we know today.* [113]
An Lushan Rebellion (755-763) till end of Tang Dy- The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period was folnasty (907) The An Lushan Rebellion (755-763) led lowed by the Song Dynasty, which established a strong
9
The Yuan Dynasty was the empire established by Kublai
Khan, the leader of Mongolian Borjigin clan, after
Mongol conquered the Jin and the Southern Song dynasty
in China. Chn-teachings started to be mixed with Pure
Land teachings, as in the teachings of Zhongfeng Mingben (1263-1323).
Chn was repressed in China during the 1960s in the Cultural Revolution, but subsequently has been re-asserting
itself on the mainland, and has a signicant following in
Taiwan and Hong Kong as well as among Overseas Chinese.
10
CHAPTER 1. ZEN
by Chinese monks.
Seon in Korea
See also: Korean Seon and Buddhism in Korea
Seon was gradually transmitted into Korea during the late
1.7.2
Spread of Chn
Thin in Vietnam
See also: Vietnamese Thin and Buddhism in Vietnam
According to traditional accounts of Vietnam, in 580 an
Zen in Japan
Indian monk named Vinitaruci (Vietnamese: T-ni-alu-chi) travelled to Vietnam after completing his studies with Sengcan, the third patriarch of Chinese Chn.
This, then, would be the rst appearance of Vietnamese
Thin Buddhism. Other early Vietnamese Chn schools
included the V Ngn Thng, which was associated with
the teaching of Mazu, and the Tho ng, which incorporated nianfo chanting techniques; both were founded
11
came aware of Zen as a distinct form of Buddhism, the
visit of Soyen Shaku, a Japanese Zen monk, to Chicago
during the World Parliament of Religions in 1893 is often pointed to as an event that enhanced its prole in the
Western world. It was during the late 1950s and the early
1960s that the number of Westerners, other than the descendants of Asian immigrants, pursuing a serious interest in Zen began to reach a signicant level. Especially
Japanese Zen has gained popularity in the West. The various books on Zen by Reginald Horace Blyth, Alan Watts,
Philip Kapleau and D. T. Suzuki published between 1950
and 1975, contributed to this growing interest in Zen in
the West, as did the interest from beat poets such as Jack
Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg and Gary Snyder.* [124]
1.9 Notes
[1] Dumoulin writes in his preface to Zen. A History. Part
One: India and China: Zen (Chin. Ch'an, an abbreviation of ch'an-na, which transliterates the Sanskrit Dhyna
(Devanagari: ) or its Pali cognate Jhna (Sanskrit;
Pli ) , terms meaning meditation) is the name
of a Mahayana Buddhist school of meditation originating
from India and passed to China. It is characterized by the
practice of meditation in the lotus position (Jpn., zazen;
Chin., tso-ch'an and the use of the koan (Chin., kung-an),
as well as by the enlightenment experience of satori* [1]
[2] According to Kalupahana, the inuence of Yofacara is
stronger in the ts'ao-tung school and the tradition of silent
meditation, while the inuence of Madhyamaka is clear in
the koan-tradition and its stress on insight and the use of
paradoxical language.* [21]
[3] Yasutani discerns ve kinds of Zen:* [33]
(a) Bompu Zen: aimed at bodily and mental health
(b) Gedo Zen:, practices like dhyana, Yoga and Christian contemplation which are akin to Zen, but not
Buddhist
(c) Shojo Zen: the Hinayana, aimed at one's own liberation
(d) Daijo Zen: the Mahayana, aimed at attaining kensho
and the realisation of Zen in daily life
(e) Saijojo Zen: in which practice is enlightenment
12
CHAPTER 1. ZEN
1.10 References
1.10. REFERENCES
13
[98] Oh 2000.
14
Source list
Abe, Masao; William R. LeFleur (translator)
(1989), Zen and Western Thought, University of
Hawaii Press
Abe, Masao; Heine, Seteven (1996), Zen and Comparative Studies, University of Hawaii Press
Aitken, Robert (1994), Foreword to A Buddhist
Bible, Boston, Massachusetts: Beacon Press
Anderson, Reb (2000), Being Upright: Zen Meditation and the Bodhisattva Precepts, Rodmell Press
Arokiasamy, Arul M. (2005), Zen: Awakening to
Your Original Face, Chennai, India: Thiruvanmiyur
CHAPTER 1. ZEN
Brown Holt, Linda (1995), From India to China:
Transformations in Buddhist Philosophy, Qi: The
Journal of Traditional Eastern Health & Fitness
Buswell, Robert E. (1991), The Short-cutApproach of K'an-hua Meditation: The Evolution of
a Practical Subitism in Chinese Ch'an Buddhism.
In: Peter N. Gregory (editor) (1991), Sudden and
Gradual. Approaches to Enlightenment in Chinese
Thought, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited
Buswell, Robert E (1993), Ch'an Hermeneutics: A
Korean View. In: Donald S. Lopez, Jr. (ed.)(1993),
Buddhist Hermeneutics, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass
Blyth, R. H. (1966), Zen and Zen Classics, Volume
4, Tokyo: Hokuseido Press
Chappell, David W. (1993), Hermeneutical Phases
in Chinese Buddhism. In: Donald S. Lopez, Jr.
(ed.)(1993), Buddhist Hermeneutics, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass
Cheng, Hsueh-Li (1981), The Roots of zen Buddhism, Journal of Chinese Philosophy 8: 451478
Cleary, Thomas (2010), Translator's introduction.
The Undying Lamp of Zen. The Testament of Zen
Master Torei, Boston & London: Shambhala Publications
Collins, Randall (2000), The Sociology of Philosophies: A Global Theory of Intellectual Change,
Harvard University Press
Dumonlin, Heinrich (2000), A History of Zen Buddhism, New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
Batchelor, Martine (2004), The Path Of Compassion: The Bodhisattva Precepts, Rowman Altamira
Dumoulin, Heinrich (2005a), Zen Buddhism: A History. Volume 1: India and China, World Wisdom
Books, ISBN 978-0-941532-89-1
Bell, Sandra (2002), Scandals in emerging Western Buddhism, Westward Dharma: Buddhism beyond Asia (PDF), Berkeley: University of California
Press, pp. 230242
Dumoulin, Heinrich (2005b), Zen Buddhism: A History. Volume 2: Japan, World Wisdom Books,
ISBN 978-0-941532-90-7
1.10. REFERENCES
Gimello, Robert M. (1994), Marga and Culture:
Learning, Letters, and Liberation in Northern Sung
Ch'an. In: Buswell & Gimello (editors)(1994), Paths
to Liberation. Pages 475-505, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers
Goddard, Dwight (2007), History of Ch'an Buddhism previous to the times of Hui-neng (Wielang)", A Buddhist Bible, Forgotten Books
Gregory, Peter N. (1991), Sudden Enlightenment
Followed by Gradual Cultivation: Tsung-mi's Analysis of mind. In: Peter N. Gregory (editor)(1991),
Sudden and Gradual. Approaches to Enlightenment in Chinese Thought, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited
Gregory, Peter N. (1993), What Happened to the
Perfect Teaching"? Another lOok at Hua-yen
Buddhist hermeneutics. In: Donald S. Lopez, Jr.
(ed.)(1993), Buddhist Hermeneutics, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass
15
Hu Shih (1953),Ch'an (Zen) Buddhism in China.
Its History and Method, Philosophy East & West
3 (1): 324
Huaijin, Nan (1997), Basic Buddhism: Exploring
Buddhism and Zen, York Beach: Samuel Weiser
Issh, Miura; Sasaki, Ruth F. (1993), The Zen Koan,
New York: Harcourt Brace & Company, ISBN 015-699981-1
Jaksch, Mary (2007), The Road to Nowhere. Koans
and the Deconstruction of the Zen Saga (PDF)
Jorgensen, John (1991),Heinrich Dumoulin's Zen
Buddhism: A History, Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 18 (4)
Kalupahana, David J. (1992), The Principles of Buddhist Psychology, Delhi: ri Satguru Publications
Kalupahana, David J. (1994), A history of Buddhist
philosophy, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers
Private Limited
Lai, Whalen (1985), Ma-Tsu Tao-I And The Unfolding Of Southern Zen, Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 12 (2/3): 173192
Lai, Whalen (2003), Buddhism in China: A Historical Survey. In Antonio S. Cua (ed.): Encyclopedia of
Chinese Philosophy (PDF), New York: Routledge,
archived from the original (PDF) on November 12,
2014
Lathouwers, Ton (2000), Meer dan een mens kan
doen. Zentoespraken, Rotterdam: Asoka
Liang-Chieh (1986), The Record of Tung-shan,
Kuroda Institute (translator: William F. Powell)
16
Lievens, Bavo (1981), Ma-tsu. De gesprekken, Bussum: Het Wereldvenster
Loori, John Daido (2006), Sitting with Koans: Essential Writings on Zen Koan Introspection, Wisdom
Publications, ISBN 0-86171-369-9
Low, Albert (2000), Zen and the Sutras, Boston:
Turtle Publishing
CHAPTER 1. ZEN
Newland, Guy, Schijn en werkelijkheid. De twee
waarheden in de vier boeddhistische leerstelsels,
KunchabPublicaties
Oh, Kang-nam (2000), The Taoist Inuence on
Hua-yen Buddhism: A Case of the Scinicization of
Buddhism in China, Chung-Hwa Buddhist Journal
(13)
Pajin, Dusan (1988), On Faith in Mind - Translation and Analysis of the Hsin Hsin Ming, Journal
of Oriental Studies 26 (2): 270288
Luk, Charles (translator) (n.d.), The Surangama Sutra (PDF), Buddha Dharma Education Association
Inc.
1.10. REFERENCES
Swanson, Paul L. (1993), The Spirituality of
Emptiness in Early chinese Buddhism, in Takeuchi
Yoshinori, Buddhist Spirituality. Indian, Southeast
Asian, Tibetan, Early Chinese, New York: Crossroad
17
Wolfe, Robert (2009), Living Nonduality: Enlightenment Teachings of Self-Realization, Karina Library
Tomoaki, Tsuchida (2003), The Monastic spirituality of Zen Master Dogen, in Takeuchi Yoshinori, Buddhist Spirituality. Indian, Southeast Asian,
Tibetan, Early Chinese, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass
Web sources
18
CHAPTER 1. ZEN
- History.
Overview
Heine, Steven (2007),A Critical Survey of Works
on Zen since Yampolsky (PDF), Philosophy East
& West 57 (4): 577592
Formation of Chn in Tang & Song China
Mcrae, John (2003), Seeing through Zen. Encounter,
Transformation, and Genealogy in Chinese Chan
Buddhism. The University Press Group Ltd .ISBN
978-0-520-23798-8
Welter, Albert (2000), Mahakasyapa's smile. Silent
Transmission and the Kung-an (Koan) Tradition. In:
Steven Heine and Dale S. Wright (eds)(2000): The
Koan. Texts and Contexts in Zen Buddhism, Oxford:
Oxford University Press
Schltter, Morten (2008), How Zen became Zen.
The Dispute over Enlightenment and the Formation
of Chan Buddhism in Song-Dynasty China, Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, ISBN 978-08248-3508-8
19
Chapter 2
2.1.3 Zensunni
Zensunni is a syncretic religious belief combining principles of Zen Buddhism and Sunni Islam. In the ctional far
future of human civilization portrayed in the series, variThe term for those religions derived from a syncretic fu- ous ethnic and political groups adhere to this worldview,
sion of denominations of Buddhism and Islam. The con- including the Fremen, originally theZensunni Wandernection of the Zensunni with Buddislam suggests the lat- ers.
ter arose during the Third Islamic Movement associated
with the Maometh Saari (see below under Third Islam). In Terminology of the Imperium (the glossary of the novel
Dune), Frank Herbert provides the following denition:
2.1 Buddislam
2.1.1
Zenshiism
2.1.2
Zensusm
20
2.2. JUDAISM
Thethird stopping placeis noted as Bela Tegeuse,* [4]
and Harmonthep was the sixth stop.* [5]
The ascension of Paul Atreides as Emperor in Dune and
the expansion of Fremen inuence throughout the Imperium widely popularized the study of Zensunni beliefs.
It is noted in Terminology of the Imperium that the Orange Catholic Bible contains elements of most ancient
religions, including ... Zensunni Catholicism".* [1]
Herbert sprinkled Zen ideas throughout Dune",* [6] as
when Reverend Mother Mohiam queries Paul:
Ever sift sand through a screen?" she
asked.
The tangential slash of her question
shocked his mind into a higher awareness:
Sand through a screen, he nodded.
We Bene Gesserit sift people to nd the
humans.
This is a Zen kan, or a story, dialogue, question, or statement: "...that sounds like gibberish, but also like it might
be incredibly profound, provided you think about it long
enough.* [6] A kan generally contains aspects that are
inaccessible to rational understanding, yet may be accessible to intuition. Zen masters developed this trick to
'open up' the mind of their students without lling it with
their own opinions.* [6] Herbert himself noted in "Dune
Genesis, his own analysis of the development of the
novel, that:* [7]
As in an Escher lithograph, I involved
myself with recurrent themes that turn into
paradox. The central paradox concerns the human vision of time. What about Paul's gift of
prescience the Presbyterian xation? For the
Delphic Oracle to perform, it must tangle itself in a web of predestination. Yet predestination negates surprises and, in fact, sets up a
mathematically enclosed universe whose limits are always inconsistent, always encountering the unprovable. It's like a kan, a Zen mind
breaker.
In the Brian Herbert/Kevin J. Anderson Legends of Dune
prequel trilogy, before and during the Butlerian Jihad the
Zensunnis were brought as slaves from their homeworlds
(like Harmonthep) to places like Poritrin. After the slave
revolt on Poritrin, many Zensunnis escaped to Arrakis;
these Zensunni wanderers would become the rst Fremen.
21
handmaiden.
FIQH: knowledge, religious law; one of the halflegendary origins of the Zensunni Wanderers'
religion.
ILM: theology; science of religious tradition; one
of the half-legendary origins of the Zensunni
Wanderers' faith.
MISR: the historical Zensunni (Fremen) term for
themselves: The People.
SHAH-NAMA: the half-legendary First Book of
the Zensunni Wanderers.
ULEMA: a Zensunni doctor of theology.
These concepts are all more or less identiable with Islamic concepts:
Auliya (Arabic: )is the Arabic word for saints,
Fiqh (Arabic: )is Islamic jurisprudence,
Ilm (Arabic: )is the Arabic word for theological
knowledge, theology, Ilm
Mir (Arabic: )the Arabic word for a settlement
and also the Arabic name for the nation of Egypt
(providing a play on thegypsieswho were thought
incorrectly by Europeans to have come from Egypt);
the Shahnameh (Book of Kings), is a Persian epic account of the Persian Shahs through the twelfth century,
Ulema (Arabic: )are Muslim doctors of the
science of religious law.
2.2 Judaism
In Chapterhouse: Dune it is revealed that Jewish communities continue to exist, scattered across the galaxy.
In sharp contrast to the drastic changes which have occurred in other religions in the 25,000 years between the
20th century and the time of the Honored Matres invasion, Judaism has undergone comparatively little change.
Jewish characters also feature in Brian Herbert and Kevin
J. Anderson's sequels, Hunters of Dune and Sandworms
of Dune.
22
aid to hidden Jews if they were ever threatened, and help
hide the fact that the Jewish religion survives in secret; in
return, if ever a Bene Gesserit acolyte is lost and threatened on an isolated planet, the local Jewish community
give her aid and shelter. A simple arrangement, but one
which endured between both groups for millennia. Moreover, the Torah and Talmudic Zabur are listed in Appendix II of Dune as having contributed to the Orange
Catholic Bible; the appendix also notes that these books
were preserved on Salusa Secundus.
2.5 Muadru
The Brian Herbert/Kevin J. Anderson Legends of Dune
prequel trilogy notes that Muadruis an ancient religion predating the Old Empire before the Time of the
Titans. Its prophetic writings are used out of context by
Iblis Ginjo during the Butlerian Jihad; there is also some
indication that the Muadru and the Cogitors shared the
same origin. In Paul of Dune, Paul Atreides shows Count
Fenring an ancient Muadru room buried deep under his
Arrakeen residence. He further explains to him that the
Muadru are an ancient people who once settled through
the entire galaxy but became suddenly extinct. They are
believed to have settled on Arrakis while it was still a verdant planet and to have introduced the sandworms there
long before the arrival of the Zensunni Wanderers.
2.9. REFERENCES
23
Chapter 3
This is a list of terminology used in the ctional Dune universe created by Frank Herbert, the primary source being
Terminology of the Imperium,the glossary contained
in the novel Dune (1965).
P
Q
Dune word construction could be classied into three domains of vocabulary, each marked with its own neology:
the names and terms related to the politics and culture
of the Galactic Empire, the names and terms characteristic of the mystic sodality of the Bene Gesserit, and the
barely displaced Arabic of the Fremen language. Fremen share vocabulary for Arrakeen phenomena with the
Empire, but use completely dierent vocabulary for Bene
Gesserit-implanted messianic religion.* [1]
R
S
T
U
V
Contents :
X
Y
References
A
B
3.1 A
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
24
3.3. C
Ampoliros Legendary 'Flying Dutchman' of
space;"* [3] Lady Jessica refers to the pre-Guild legend in Dune:Like the men of the lost star-searcher,
Ampoliros sick at their guns forever seeking, forever prepared and forever unready.
Amtal (or Amtal Rule) Common rule on primitive worlds under which something is tested to determine its limits or defects. Commonly: testing to
destruction.* [3] "To know a thing well, know its
limits. Only when pushed beyond its tolerances will
true nature be seen. The Amtal Rule.* [6]
Arafel The cloud-darkness of holy judgment
*
[7] or cloud darkness at the end of the universe;"* [7]* [8] the end of mankind (as it was)
averted by Leto II's Golden Path.* [7]
Axlotl tank Biological tank in which gholas and
melange may be produced.* [9]
Assassin's Handbook Third-century compilation of poisons commonly used in a War of Assassins. Later expanded to include those deadly devices
permitted under the Guild Peace and Great Convention.* [3]
Ayat The signs of life. (See Burhan.)"* [3]
25
Bi-la kaifa A Fremen religious phrase meaning
Amen,which translates literally toNothing further need be explained.* [3]
Buddislam - Term for those religions derived from a
syncretic fusion of denominations of Buddhism and
Islam.
Burhan -The proofs of life. (Commonly: the ayat
and burhan of life. See Ayat.)"* [3]
Burseg Military general.* [4]
Butlerian Jihad Mankind's crusade against
computers, thinking machines, and conscious
robots.* [10]
3.3 C
Caid Sardaukar ocer rank given to a military
ocial whose duties call mostly for dealings with
civilians; A military governorship over a full planetary district; Above the rank of Bashar but not equal
to a Burseg.* [3]
Carryall Aircraft used on Arrakis to transport
large spice mining, hunting and rening equipment.
*
[3]
Chakobsa Language of the Fremen of Arrakis.* [4]
3.2 B
Baliset Nine-stringed musical instrument, lineal descendant of the zithra, tuned to the Chusuk
scale and played by strumming. Favorite instrument
of Imperial troubadours.* [3] Gurney Halleck is a
master playing the baliset in the series.* [4] In David
Lynch's 1984 adaptation of Dune, a cosmetically altered Chapman Stick was used to portray the instrument. In the miniseries Frank Herbert's Dune,
the baliset resembles a renaissance-era lute, with the
pegbox bent back almost 90.
CHOAM (Combine Honnete Ober Advancer Mercantiles) the universal development corporation
controlled by the Emperor and Great Houses with
the Guild and Bene Gesserit as silent partners.* [3]
This corporation essentially controls the economy of
the known universe, with shares and directorships
determining each House's income and nancial
leverage.
Cone of silence Sound-deadeningeld of a distorter that limits the carrying power of the voice or
any other vibrator by damping the vibrations with
an image-vibration 180 degrees out of phase.* [3]
Used for privacy, the eld does not visually obscure
lip movement.* [4]
Coriolis storm Sandstorms on Arrakis in which
winds across the open atlands are amplied by the
planet's own revolutionary motion to reach speeds
up to 700 kilometres per hour.* [3]
26
Crysknife Weapon made from the tooth of a
sandworm from Arrakis.* [3]
Cutterray Short-range version of a lasgun used
mostly as a cutting tool and surgeon's scalpel.* [3]
Cymek Type of cyborg; specically, a human
brain implanted into a large, weaponized machine
body.* [11]
3.4 D
D-wolves Guardians of the Sareer on Arrakis in
the time of Leto II Atreides; ferocious wolves descended from Gaze Hounds and ordinary wolves,
noted for their keen eyesight.* [7]
Damper, Ixian Portable device which hides
words from anyone without the proper coded translator, and projects distortions that hide the precise
movements of lips and the sounds of voices. It
is described as a black discbuoyed midair by
suspensors.* [8]
Deathstill Fremen device used to extract all moisture from a living or dead human or creature.* [4]
This is traditionally done to reclaim precious water from the dead, who no longer require it; but in
Children of Dune the device is used as a method of
execution.
Distrans Steganographic device producing a
temporary neural imprint on the nervous system
of Chiroptera (bats) or birds. The creature's normal
cry then carries the message imprint, which can be
sorted from that carrier wave by another distrans.
*
[3]
3.5 E
Elacca drug Narcotic produced from thebloodgrainedelacca wood of Ecaz; users' skin shows
a characteristic carrot color. The drug's eect is
to remove most of the will to self-preservation;
commonly used to prepare slave gladiators for the
ring.* [3]
3.6 F
3.7 G
Galach Universal language of the Dune universe.* [3]
Ghola A type of Clone grown in an axlotl tank
from genetic material retrieved from the cells of a
deceased subject.* [9]
Glowglobe "Suspensor-buoyed illuminating device, self-powered (usually by organic batteries).
*
[3]
Golden Path Leto II's strategy to prevent humanity's destruction.* [15]
Gom jabbar Specic poison needle tipped
with meta-cyanide used by Bene Gesserit Proctors
in their death-alternative test of human awareness.
*
[3]
Great Convention Universal truce enforced under the power balance maintained by the Guild, the
Great Houses, and the Imperium. Its chief rule prohibits the use of atomic weapons against human targets.* [3]
3.11. K
3.8 H
Handlers Humanoid race who bred and trained
Futars to hunt Honored Matres.* [6]
Harvester (also Harvester Factory or Crawler)
Large (often 120 metres by 40 metres) spice mining machine ... [with a] buglike body on independent tracks.* [3]
Heighliner Enormous carrier starships used by the
Spacing Guild for interstellar travel.* [3]
High Council The Landsraad inner circle empowered to act as supreme tribunal in House to
House disputes.* [3]
Holtzman eect Scientic phenomenon that makes
(among other things) instantaneous space travel and
defensive force shields possible.* [4]
Honored Matres Violent matriarchal order formed
in The Scattering.* [8]
Hunter-seeker Ravening sliver of suspensorbuoyed metal guided as a weapon by a nearby control
console; common assassination device.* [3] Floating in mid-air, it kills by entering the body and following nerve pathways to vital organs. A hunterseeker is employed in Dune in an assassination attempt on Paul Atreides.* [4]
27
Judge of the Change An ocial appointed
by the Landsraad High Council and the Emperor to
monitor a change of ef, a kanly negotiation, or formal battle in a War of Assassins. The Judge's arbitral authority may be challenged only before the
High Council with the Emperor present.* [3]
3.11 K
Kanly Formal feud or vendetta under the rules
of the Great Convention carried on according to the
strictest limitations.* [3]
Kralizec Long-foretold Typhoon Struggleor
nal battle at the end of the universe.* [15]
Krimskell ber/Krimskell rope The 'claw ber'
woven from strands of the hufuf vine from Ecaz.
Knots tied in krimskell will claw tighter and tighter
to preset limits when the knot-lines are pulled.* [3]
Kwisatz Haderach The Shortening of the Way
orThe one who can be two places simultaneously
. Bene Gesserit label applied to the unknown for
which they sought a genetic solution: a male Bene
Gesserit whose organic mental powers would bridge
space and time.* [3]
3.12 L
Landsraad The Assembly of all nobles in the Imperium.* [4]
3.9 I
Inkvine Creeping plant native to Giedi Prime
and frequently used as a whip in its slave pens. Victims are marked by beet-colored tattoos that cause
residual pain for many years.* [3]
Ixian damper Portable device which hides words
from anyone without the proper coded translator,
and projects distortions that hide the precise movements of lips and the sounds of voices. It is
described as a black discbuoyed midair by
suspensors.* [8]
Ixian Probe Device used to capture the thoughts of
a person (living or dead) for analysis; can be blocked
by the substance shere.* [8]
3.10 J
Jihad, Butlerian Mankind'scrusade against computers, thinking machines, and conscious robots.
*
[3]
28
3.13 M
Mahdi In the Fremen messianic legend, 'The
One Who Will Lead Us to Paradise;'"* [3] applied
to Paul Atreides by the Fremen when they determine
that he is their messiah. The term is the same as that
used in Islam for a messianic gure who will appear
shortly before the Day of Judgment in Islamic eschatology.
Maker hooks The hooks used for capturing,
mounting, and steering a sandworm of Arrakis.* [3]
Maula pistol Spring-loaded gun for ring poison
darts; range about 40 metres.* [3]
Melange Known colloquially as the spice, a
highly-addictive drug essential to space travel, extended life, and therefore to the survival of the universe.* [4]
3.15 O
Obliterators Weapons of mass destruction stolen
by Honored Matres from their outside enemy;"
they combust the atmosphere of a planet and subsequently its surface.* [16]
Other Memory The combined ego and memories
of all female ancestors, which a Bene Gesserit may
be trained to access.* [4]
Ornithopter (or 'Thopter) Aircraft capable
of sustained wing-beat ight in the manner of
birds;"* [3] one of the primary modes of transportation on the desert planet Arrakis.* [4]
3.16 P
Mentats Individuals trained as human computers,* [3] their minds developed to staggering
heights of cognitive and analytical ability.
Phibian Primitive and amphibious humanoid creatures, a genetic mix of man and sh.* [16]
Muad'Dib The adapted kangaroo mouse of Arrakis, a creature associated in the Fremen earthspirit mythology with a design visible on the planet's
second moon. This creature is admired by Fremen
for its ability to survive in the open desert.* [3] In
Dune, Paul Atreides takes Muad'Dibas his Fremen name, which takes on greater signicance when
he is perceived as a messiah.
Muadru Ancient religion predating the Old Empire before the Time of the Titans.* [11]
3.14 N
na-Baron Noble title given to a Baron's heirapparent.* [3]
No-chamber Construct that hides anything inside
from prescient and ocular vision, as well as other
methods of detection.* [8]
No-ship No-chamber in spaceship form, with
enough limited prescience to be capable of interstellar travel without a Guild Navigator.* [8]
Nullentropy Technology akin to the science ction concept of stasis, in which the natural processes
of time, such as decomposition, are ceased. In this
way, perishable matter such as food and even human cells may be stored for millennia and remain
undamaged.* [6]* [8]
Plasteel Extremely tough form of steel, stabilized with stravidium bers grown into its crystal
structure.* [3]
Plaz (or windowplaz) Synthetic glass, used for
windows (especially in aircraft and spaceships) due
to its superior strength.* [8]
Poison snooper Radiation analyzer within the
olfactory spectrum and keyed to detect poisonous
substances.* [17]
Powindah Tleilaxu term for all outsiders, whom
they consider uncleansinners and heretics.* [8]
Prana-bindu Training providing a Bene Gesserit
with complete muscle control (Prana nervature relates to nervous system control).* [4]
Pre-spice mass The stage of fungusoid wild
growth achieved when water is ooded into the excretions of Little Makers. At this stage, the spice
of Arrakis forms a characteristic 'blow,' exchanging
the material from deep underground for the matter
on the surface above it. This mass, after exposure to
sun and air, becomes melange.* [3]
Probe, Ixian Device used to capture the thoughts
of a person (living or dead) for analysis; can be
blocked by the substance shere.* [8]
Probe, T Device used to capture the thoughts
of a person (living or dead) for analysis; unlike an
Ixian Probe, it cannot be blocked by the substance
shere.* [8]
3.19. S
Pundi rice A mutated rice whose grains, high in
natural sugar, achieve lengths up to four centimeters;
chief export of Caladan.* [3]
29
Scattering, The Event after the reign of Leto II in
which trillions of people left the settled worlds of the
Old Empire, striking o into unknown space.* [8]
Selamlik Imperial audience chamber.* [3]
3.17 Q
Qanat Open canal for carrying irrigation water
under controlled conditions through a desert.* [3]
3.18 R
Residual poison Innovation attributed to the
Mentat Piter De Vries whereby the body is impregnated with a substance for which repeated antidotes
must be administered; withdrawal of the antidote at
any time brings death.* [3]
Reverend Mother Bene Gesserit who has survived
a ritual wherein she consciously transforms a toxic
dose of melange into a non-poisonous substance
at the molecular level, thereby raising herself to a
higher level of awareness and enabling her to access
Other Memory.* [3]
3.19 S
Sietch redirects here. Or see Sech (disambiguation)
Sapho High-energy liquid extracted from barrier roots of Ecaz. Commonly used by Mentats who
claim it amplies mental powers. Users develop
deep ruby stains on mouth and lips.* [3]
Spice Common name for melange, a highlyaddictive drug essential to space travel, extended
life, and therefore to the survival of the universe.* [4]
Spice agony Fremen version of the ritual used by
the Bene Gesserit to create Reverend Mothers, using
the Water of Life instead of melange.* [4]
Steersman Title given to Guild Navigators.* [4]
30
Stillsuit Body-enclosing garmentof Fremen design which performs thefunctions of heat dissipation and ltering bodily wastes,as well as retaining
and reclaiming moisture.* [3]
Stilltent Small, scalable enclosure of microsandwich fabric designed to reclaim as potable water the ambient moisture discharged within it by the
breath of its occupants.* [3]
Suk School Prominent medical school whose doctors are the universe's most competent and trusted;
those who have received the Suk Imperial Conditioningbear a diamond tattoo on their foreheads,
wear their hair in a special silver ring, and are incapable of inicting harm. However, the fallibility of
Suk training is proven in Dune (1965) when Baron
Vladimir Harkonnen and his twisted Mentat Piter
De Vries manage to subvert this conditioning and
coerce Suk Dr. Wellington Yueh into helping him
in his attempt to destroy House Atreides.* [4]
Suspensor Any of a number of 'hovering' devices
which utilize thesecondary (low-drain) phase of a
Holtzman eld generatorto nullify gravitywithin
certain limits prescribed by relative mass and energy consumption.* [3] In Dune, the obese Baron
Harkonnen uses suspensors to support his massive
weight.* [4] Hunter-seekers also use suspensor elds
for propulsion, which make them slippery and hard
to grasp.* [4]
3.20 T
T-Probe Device used to capture the thoughts of
a person (living or dead) for analysis. Shere only
prevents the T-Probe from recovering memories directly (as it does for the Ixian Probe) and does not
impede any of the other features. The model created
by the operation of this probe can be interrogated to
give an idea of how the person would have reacted to
a set of stimuli, possibly giving insight into a shereloaded prisoner.* [8]
Tachyon net (or tachyon web) Technology (involving faster-than-light tachyon particles) used by
Truthsayer Bene Gesserit Reverend Motherqualied to enter truthtrance and detect insincerity or
falsehood.* [3]
3.21 U
Umma One of the brotherhood of prophets; a
term of scorn in the Imperium, meaning any 'wild'
person given to fanatical prediction.* [3]
Usul Fremen word, meaningThe base of the pillar.* [3] This is the secret sietch name(known
only to his tribe) given to Paul Atreides upon his
joining the Fremen.
3.22 V
Verite Will-destroying narcotic from Ecaz that
renders a person incapable of falsehood.* [3]
Voice Training that allows the Bene Gesserit to
control others merely by selected tone shadings of
the voice.* [3]
3.23 W
War of Assassins Regulated form of warfare between noble houses, intended to reduce involvement of innocent bystanders.The rules require
formal declarations of intent and restrict permissible weapons.* [3]
31
Weirding way Fremen term for Bene Gesserit abilperium (Jihad, Butlerian).
ities, in particular the specialized martial art component of prana-bindu.* [4]
[11] Herbert, Brian and Anderson, Kevin J. (2002-2004).
Legends of Dune.
3.24 Y
Yali A Fremen's personal quarters within the
sietch.* [3]
3.25 Z
Zensunni Ancient religious sect, ancestors of the
Fremen.* [4] (See also Zen Buddhism and Sunni Islam.)
3.26 References
[1] Csicsery-Ronay, Jr., Istvan (November 28, 2008). The
Seven Beauties of Science Fiction. Wesleyan. ISBN
0819568899.
[2] Bahayeldin, Khalid (January 22, 2004). Arabic and Islamic themes in Frank Herbert's Dune". Baheyeldin.com.
Retrieved July 21, 2009.
[3] Herbert, Frank (1965). Terminology of the Imperium
. Dune.
[4] Herbert, Frank (1965). Dune.
[5] Herbert, Brian and Anderson, Kevin J. (1999-2001).
Prelude to Dune.
[6] Herbert, Frank (1985). Chapterhouse: Dune.
[7] Herbert, Frank (1981). God Emperor of Dune.
Chapter 4
Bene Gesserit
For a comprehensive roster, see List of Dune Bene 4.1.1 Original Dune series
Gesserit.
In Frank Herbert's 1965 novel Dune, the Bene Gesserit
The Bene Gesserit (/bni dsrt/ BEN-ee-JESS-r- are a secretive matriarchal order who have achieved
it)* [1] are a key social, religious, and political force in somewhat superhuman abilities through physical and
Frank Herbert's ctional Dune universe. The group is de- mental conditioning and the use of the drug melange. Unscribed as an exclusive sisterhood whose members train der the guise of humbly servingthe Empire, the Sistheir bodies and minds through years of physical and terhood is in fact a major power in the universe, using its
mental conditioning to obtain superhuman powers and many areas of inuence to subtly guide humanity along
abilities that can seem magical to outsiders. Acolytes the path of its own plan for humanity's future. Herbert
who have acquired the breadth of Bene Gesserit abilities notes that over 10,000 years before the events of Dune, in
are called Reverend Mothers within the organization's the chaotic time after the Butlerian Jihad and before the
ranks.* [2] Some of these ctional powers are analyzed unveiling of the Orange Catholic Bible, the Bene Gesserit
and deconstructed from a real-world scientic perspec- consolidated their hold upon the sorceresses, explored
tive in the book The Science of Dune (2008).* [3]* [4]* [5] the subtle narcotics, developed prana-bindu training and
conceived the Missionaria Protectiva, that black arm of
Sometimes calledwitchesdue to their secretive nature superstition. But it is also the period that saw the comand misunderstood powers, the Bene Gesserit are loyal posing of the litany against fear and the assembly of the
only to themselves. However, to attain their goals and Azhar Book, that bibliographic marvel that preserves the
avoid outside interference, they often screen themselves great secrets of the most ancient faiths.* [7]
with the illusion of being loyal to other groups or individuals. Their every move is calculated toward a result. Millennia later in Dune, the Bene Gesserit base of power
As the skills of a Bene Gesserit are as desirable as an al- is the Mother School on the planet Wallach IX, whose
liance with the Sisterhood itself, they are able to charge a graduates are t mates for Emperors, and whose specially
fee to school the women from Great Houses, and install trained Truthsayers can detect falsehood. But beyond the
some of their initiates as wives and concubines to their outer virtues of poise, self-control, and diplomacy, Bene
advantage.* [2]* [6] In 1965's Dune, the Princess Irulan is Gesserit training includes superior combat skills and precise physiological control that grants them direct control
quoted (via epigraph):
over conception and embryotic sex determination, ageing,
and even the ability to render poisons harmless within
The Reverend Mother must combine
their bodies. The Bene Gesserit power of Voice allows
the seductive wiles of a courtesan with the
them to control others by merely modulating their vocal
untouchable majesty of a virgin goddess,
tones. Sisters who survive a ritualized poisoning known
holding these attributes in tension so long as
as the spice agony achieve increased awareness and abilthe powers of her youth endure. For when
ities through access to Other Memory, and are subseyouth and beauty have gone, she will nd
quently known as Reverend Mothers. Every member of
that the place-between, once occupied by
the Bene Gesserit is conditioned into singular loyalty to
tension, has become a wellspring of cunning
the order and its goals with allegiances to even family beand resourcefulness.
ing secondary, and no goal is more paramount than the
from Muad'Dib, Family Commentaries by
Sisterhood's large-scale breeding program. It aims to crethe Princess Irulan
ate a superbeing that can tap into abilities even the Bene
Gesserit cannot, a being whom they can use in order to
gain more direct control over the universe. To this end,
the Bene Gesserit have subtly manipulated bloodlines for
generations, using breeding sisters tocollectthe genes
4.1 Plotlines
they require.
32
4.1. PLOTLINES
33
34
4.1.3
Legends of Dune
4.1.4
35
of Hidden Rank,and Herbert notes that every one of
their ve daughters are Bene Gesserit-trained.* [10]* [11]
In fact, Shaddam is kept without a male heir on specic
orders from the Sisterhood, and is bound by an agreement
that only a daughter will ascend his throne.* [12]* [13] The
Bene Gesserit had also placed their acolyte Jessica (herself the product of a secret Bene Gesserit liaison with the
Baron Harkonnen) as the concubine to Duke Leto Atreides, and married the Bene Gesserit Margot to Shaddam's
close friend and minion Count Fenring.* [2] After Shaddam's eldest daughter Princess Irulan is forced into marriage to Paul to secure his claim to the Imperial throne, in
Children of Dune Irulan's loyalty to the Sisterhood gives
them false hope that she can help them topple Paul, or at
least control his ospring. Later in God Emperor of Dune,
Herbert establishes that despite Leto's many restrictions
on them, the Bene Gesserit still train young noblewomen
for a price.* [6] In fact, when Leto meets Hwi Noree, the
Ixian ambassador obviously bred and trained to charm
him, he realizesthat part of her education had been conducted by the Bene Gesserit. She had their way of controlling her responses, of sensing the undertones in a conversation. He could see, however, that the Bene Gesserit
overlay had been a delicate thing, never penetrating the
basic sweetness of her nature.* [14]
36
4.3 Powers
4.3.1 Other Memory
4.2.4
Spice agony
4.3. POWERS
37
rst explored in Dune, when Jessica accepts the life experience of the dying Fremen Reverend Mother Ramallo.
In Chapterhouse Dune, Darwi Odrade is Mother Superior, a contentious choice ratied by the fact that she was
present at the previous Mother Superior's death, and has
her in Other Memory; she represents the most continuous line of leadership. Under extreme conditions, a large
community of Bene Gesserit will practice Extremis Progressiva, a mass sharing of ego/memories with each other
to spread all the ego/memories amongst everyone; thus,
if one survives, they all survive. In Chapterhouse Dune,
the Bene Gesserit school on Lampadas, under attack by
the Honoured Matres, undertakes Extremis Progressiva;
Lucilla escapes with theLampadas Horde, hoping to
return to the Bene Gesserit with them.
4.3.2
The Voice
Bene Gesserit are trained in the minutiae of observation, noticing details that the common person would
miss in the people and environment around them. When
combined with their analytical abilities, this hyperawarenessmakes the Bene Gesserit capable of divining secrets and arriving at conclusions that are invisible
to everyone else. Slight dierences in air currents or the
design of a room might allow a Bene Gesserit to detect
hidden portals and spyholes; minute variations in a person's vocal inection and body language allow a Bene
Gesserit to deeply understand a person's emotional state,
and manipulate it. Knowing that any schooling impresses
a particular pattern in its students, they are able to use
these clues to predict and anticipate actions. Despite efforts of concealment, the Bene Gesserit can easily determine a subject's origins and root language by analyzing
their speech patterns, cadence, and pacing, as Jessica does
when she realizes that a visiting Spacing Guild banker is
a Harkonnen agent.* [2]
Bene Gesserit specically trained as Truthsayers are
able to determine whether someone is lying by analyzing
their speech, body language, and physical signs like pulse
and heart rate. In principle all humans have such perception, but extensive training is required to develop this
latent talent to the point of great usefulness. Truthsayers
are used widely in politics and trade; the Padishah Emperors are never without one. Combined with the Voice,
Truthsay is also useful for interrogation and torture.
4.3.4 Simulow
Bene Gesserit also have the ability to practice simulow,
literally the simultaneous ow of several threads of consciousness at any given time; mental multitasking, as it
were. The combination of simulow with their analytical
abilities and Other Memory are responsible for the frightening intelligence of the average Bene Gesserit, though
this ability is less powerful than the analytical abilities of
38
a Mentat. This simulow can also be held with Other der it harmless. It is hinted that should a Bene Gesserit
Memory; Reverend Mother Darwi Odrade practiced both wish to, she could slow her aging process dramatically,
forms in Heretics of Dune.
controlling every aspect of her metabolism. Of course,
no Bene Gesserit would ever do this, as it would call too
much attention to the Sisterhood and reveal too much of
4.3.5 Prana-bindu training and the weird- their abilities.* [19] In Children of Dune, Jessica realizes
ing way
that her daughter Alia has done this, which is her rst sign
that her daughter is sinking into Abomination.
The Bene Gesserit develop their physical abilities as well
One of the most signicant biological abilities of the Bene
as their mental abilities. A trained Sister has full control
Gesserit is their control of their own menstrual cycles, and
over each muscle in her body through training known as
their ability to control (at conception) their child's sex.
prana-bindu. This allows her to bend the last joint in her
Jessica was ordered to bear only daughters to the Atreides,
little toe while remaining otherwise motionless, bend and
but deed her Bene Gesserit sisters (out of her love for the
contort her body in ways that most would consider imDuke) and had a son, Paul Atreides. The Bene Gesserit
possible, or put a remarkable amount of force behind a
conspired against the Padishah Emperor Shaddam IV's
physical blow. The mental part of prana-bindu, or pranadesire to have a male heir and instructed his Bene Gesserit
nervature (prana stands for breath, bindu stands for muswife to give him only daughters, such as Princess Irulan.
culature) is the precise control of the totality of nerves
in the human body. In Dune, Reverend Mother Mohiam
tests Paul with a nerve induction device (the box) that
causes the sensation of intense pain. Paul learns that he 4.3.7 Sexual talents
is not the only one to have tried it, but is perhaps specially resistant; this conversation points to a widespread The Bene Gesserit are notable for their extensive skill
use of it as a tool among the Bene Gesserit to measure in seduction, sex and sexual imprinting. The most talself control, nerve control, and as Mohiam puts it, crisis ented and most highly trained are known as Imprinters.
Men in a position of power or future power, or those
and observation.
with specic qualities that the order wishes to incorpoUnarmed attacks are part of a specialized Bene Gesserit rate into their breeding program, are typical targets of a
martial art which incorporates the prana-bindu methods Bene Gesserit imprinter. Men seduced by an imprinter
of optimized muscle control. These enable one to deliver are permanently aected (imprinted) by the intense sexpowerful blows and to move with extreme precision and ual experience and are thereafter consciously or subconspeed. The basic principle behind it is that, as Farad'n of sciously favorable to the Sisterhood. An imprinter can be
House Corrino says, My mind aects my reality.A successfully resisted if the subject has been psychologipractitioner of the art has to know that the action he or she cally pre-conditioned to do so, and the subject's automatic
wantsto perform has already been performed. For ex- defensive response may even be entirely subconscious.
ample, to imagine oneself behind an opponent at the current moment in time; when trained well, this knowledge In Dune, Lady Fenring is instructed by the Bene Gesserit
to seduce Feyd-Rautha Harkonnen in order topreserve
will place you at the spot desired.
the bloodlineby retrieving his genetic material through
The Fremen refer to this ghting ability as the "weirding conception. She also intends to plant deep in his deepway"; in Dune, the Fremen use the wordweirdingin- est self the necessary prana-bindu phrases to bend him,
stead of Bene Gesserit, calling Jessica a weirding which she later refers to as the Hypno-ligation of that
womanand noting he has the weirding voicewhen Feyd-Rautha's psyche.When Paul later ghts Feyd to
Paul wields this power.
the death, Jessica advises her son to temporarily stun him
using the word-sound Uroshnor, typically implanted in
a dangerous person who has been prepared by the Bene
4.3.6 Internal organic-chemical control
Gesserit. Paul, however, refuses to use this advantage.
Just as the prana-bindu allows the Bene Gesserit to precisely control each muscle and nerve, they also have complete conscious control over the functions of their internal
organs and body chemistry. A Sister can completely control her breathing and heart rate to the degree that she
can appear dead to most tests even after intense physical
exertion. They can control their need for food and water
to the extremes of hunger and thirst, and even commit
suicide at will by simply stopping their hearts or shutting
down their brains. The Bene Gesserit are therefore immune to poisons, as they can simply change the chemical
makeup of any harmful substance in their body and ren-
39
ther having complete control over the other. In Chap- ther, the Baron Vladimir Harkonnen, who wants nothing
terhouse Dune the order has learned the Honored Matre more than the destruction of the Atreides, and is given
method from Murbella and use it for their own purposes, another opportunity, from the inside, to realize it.
specically to awaken the memories within the Miles Teg
ghola.
It is with reason and terrible experience
that we call the pre-born Abomination. For
who knows what lost and damned persona out
of our evil past may take over the living esh?"
4.4 Weaknesses
Leto II quoting from the Azhar Book, Children of Dune (1976)
4.4.1
Addiction to melange
4.4.2
Abomination
40
phrase Quam diu se bene gesserint (literally: As long
as they will have conducted themselves properly) in the
Act of Settlement 1701. It is usually translated asfor the
duration of good behaviour, referring to the life tenure
of judges.* [21]
[11] Herbert, Frank (1965). Dune. Paul has only one major
chance to ally himself with a powerful Great House,
perhaps even with the Imperial family. There are marriageable princesses, after all, and every one of them Bene
Gesserit trained.
In Dreamer of Dune, Brian Herbert's 2003 biography of [12] Herbert, Frank (1965). "In My Father's House (Epigraph,
Princess Irulan)". Dune. But we denied [Shaddam] a legal
his father, the younger Herbert speculates that the name
son ... My mother obeyed her Sister Superiors where the
Gesseritis supposed to suggest to the reader the word
Lady Jessica disobeyed.
"Jesuit" and thus evoke undertones of a religious order.
Like the Jesuits, the Bene Gesserit have been accused of [13] Herbert, Frank (1965). "In My Father's House (Epigraph,
Princess Irulan)". Dune. [Shaddam] blamed my mother
using casuistry to obtain justications for the unjustiand the compact forced on him to place a Bene Gesserit
able.* [22]* [23]
on the throne.
4.8 References
[1] Dune: Creating the Audiobooks (Ocial promotional
video, includes images of Frank Herbert's pronunciation
notes for some terms). Macmillan Audio. December 23,
2008. Event occurs at 4:13. Retrieved January 23, 2010.
[2] Herbert, Frank (1965). Dune.
[3] Kevin Grazier, PhD (2008). The Science of Dune. Dallas,
TX: BenBella Books. ISBN 1-933771-28-3.
[4] "The Science of Dune". SmartPopBooks.com. January
2008. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
[5] Evans, Clay (March 14, 2008). Review: Exploring Frank Herbert's 'Duniverse'". DailyCamera.com
(Internet Archive). Archived from the original on March
19, 2008. Retrieved March 19, 2008.
[6] Herbert, Frank (1981). God Emperor of Dune. [New conservation measures] include ... an increase in the rates
charged for our usual services. We expect to double the
fees for the schooling of Great House females across the
next four reporting periods.
[21] Latin Word Study Tool: Gero, Lewis & Short Latin Dictionary. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
[8] Audio excerpts from a reading of Dune by Frank Herbert. Usul.net. Retrieved October 6, 2010.
[23] Franklin, James (2001). The Science of Conjecture: Evidence and Probability Before Pascal. Baltimore: Johns
Hopkins University Press. pp. 8388.
41
Text
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Ramachandran, Je G., Another fake account, Zenman (usurped), Made in the asu, Wisdum, Philip Trueman, Scott Armstrong, DoorsAjar, Knverma, Maximillion Pegasus, Malinaccier, Pojanji, Rei-bot, Una Smith, DennyColt, JhsBot, Broadbot, PeteDead, Buddhipriya,
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42
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Macky543 and Anonymous: 1034
List of Dune religions Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Dune_religions?oldid=709390422 Contributors: Andrevan, David
Gerard, Mboverload, Kuralyov, MakeRocketGoNow, Brianhe, Rich Farmbrough, Xezbeth, Ogress, Wendell, Grutness, Max rspct, Geraldshields11, Voldemort, FeanorStar7, Briangotts, Pictureuploader, Marudubshinki, Salanth, Str1977, Ytrottier, SMcCandlish, JDspeeder1,
SmackBot, Kevinalewis, Drsmoo, Robosh, Doceddi, Noclevername, SandChigger, TAnthony, RebelRobot, NLOleson, Gwern, Goustien,
Parkwells, Editor2020, Olybrius, Kbdankbot, Yobot, AnomieBOT, Kristen Eriksen, Ekwos, Thejoystick, FreeKnowledgeCreator, FrescoBot, LittleWink, Polisher of Cobwebs, Mogism and Anonymous: 47
Glossary of Dune terminology Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_Dune_terminology?oldid=702446208 Contributors:
Carlossuarez46, Donreed, Xyzzyva, Rich Farmbrough, Vsmith, Xezbeth, Night Gyr, Apostrophe, Anthony Appleyard, Rjwilmsi, Midgley, Lockesdonkey, Arthur Rubin, SMcCandlish, Allens, robot, SmackBot, HalfShadow, Chris the speller, MalafayaBot,
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Dereksn, Anchor Link Bot, Randy Kryn, Sfan00 IMG, Auntof6, Kbdankbot, Addbot, AgadaUrbanit, Lightbot, Donfbreed, Mighty Gaz,
Scienceg33k, Tom714uk, IKAl, Asw138, Evanh2008, Curb Chain, BG19bot, Bonechamber, L'Oncle Picsou, Earaps and Anonymous:
49
Bene Gesserit Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bene_Gesserit?oldid=713699914 Contributors: Mav, Andre Engels, Xaonon, Edward, Redbeard~enwiki, MartinHarper, Justin Johnson, Karada, Logotu, Julesd, Tim Retout, Jonadab~enwiki, Lfh, Dysprosia, Finlay
McWalter, Robbot, Popageorgio, ChrisG, Benwing, Naddy, Merovingian, Jondel, Dbroadwell, GreatWhiteNortherner, David Gerard,
Xyzzyva, Omegium, Areicher, Philgp, Get-back-world-respect, AlistairMcMillan, Raphink, Andycjp, Sam Hocevar, D Thong, Subsume,
Flex, T-Boy, Oska, YUL89YYZ, Dbachmann, Pavel Vozenilek, Sietse Snel, RoyBoy, Redlentil, Apostrophe, Jaredfaulkner, Licon, Anthony Appleyard, Lordthees, Phiddipus, Amorymeltzer, DrGaellon, Angr, FeanorStar7, Sburke, Gimboid13, Dushkin, Marudubshinki,
Calrfa Wn, Cuchullain, BD2412, Hectorblanco~enwiki, JWWalker, Edogy, Staecker, Mike Peel, Bensin, Dionyseus, FlaBot, RobertG,
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Estban, Rasd, Enigmatical, Cydebot, CFMWiki1, SithiR, Kweeiw, Rioux15, Missvain, MainlyTwelve, Davidhorman, Muaddeeb, Noclevername, AntiVandalBot, Konman72, Dreammyth, Shabib01, SandChigger, Deective, J Greb, TAnthony, Wasell, Chronolegion, Jacce,
Albmont, MyNameIsNeo, WLU, Laura1822, Gwern, PC78, Flexjobb, The Levi, Andy5421, Iain marcuson, Belovedfreak, Nashville Monkey, John Darrow, TheRhani, Michaelpremsrirat, Fredrick day, Psyche825, McM.bot, Synthebot, Rachkovsky, Skylark42, TanyaErikson,
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Biem, FrescoBot, Skyerise, MastiBot, Revanneosl, Dinamik-bot, Medeis, Bamyers99, H3llBot, Polisher of Cobwebs, Mcc1789, ClueBot NG, Helpful Pixie Bot, Hodeken, Khazar2, SNAAAAKE!!, Dark Silver Crow, Derpaherp120148194812597, Fixuture, Sandburger,
Catobonus, GandalfPotter and Anonymous: 206
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