Thuyt minh bin php thi cng

d n xy dng ng giao thng

Gi thu s 9a: km 22+300 km 24+00 v tuyn nhnh

Phn I: khi qut v cng trnh

I.

II.

Cn c lp thit k t chc thi cng:

Cc vn kin trong H s mi thu ca Ban qun l D n cng

trnh giao thng Ngh An cung cp.

i thm hin trng tuyn ng cn xy dng.

Nng lc ca nh thu v my mc, thit b, vt t, tin vn v

con ngi.

iu kin t nhin kinh t, x hi khu vc tuyn ng i qua.

Quy trnh t chc thi cng hin hnh.

Cc quy trnh, quy phm thi cng cng trnh giao thng hin
hnh.

Gii thiu cng trnh:

Xy dng ng giao thng ven Sng Lam c ngha rt to ln

i vi vic pht trin ngnh du lch tnh nh phc v nm du
lch Ngh An 2005. c bit quan trng cho nh hng pht
trin kinh t cc x, huyn vng ven ni ring v ton tnh
Ngh An ni chung, tn dng khai thc qu t dc tuyn.
Tuyn c xy dng s to cnh quan p cho thnh ph Vinh,
cc x ven ni ring v c tnh ni chung. Ngoi ra vic xy
dng tuyn ng cn c ngha lm cng mt mt trong
nhng yu cu cp thit hin nay m bo an ton vng
chc cho h thng ngn l gn cht Giao thng, Thu li
v Du Lch

III. Quy m v c im cng trnh:

1.

Bnh tuyn:

on ng ba Km22+300 Km22+500 (Giao vi ng trnh Vinh

ti Km24) c tng chiu di 200m, R = 40m. Bnh tuyn
gm 2 ng cong thnh 2 nhnh khc nhau giao vi nh 10
ca ng trnh Vinh, on ny bn phi l m ly, bn tri l
sng lam.

on t KM22+500 Km24+00 c tng chiu di 1500m, gm

3 ng cong, bn knh ti thiu l Rmin = 100. Tuyn i trn
trin , bn phi l ao h, bn tri l Sng Lam.

B rng mt c bnh quan 3 4m, ta luy mi c tng

ng 1:2.

2.

Trc dc tuyn.

Trc dc tuyn bng phng, i max = 1.1%, cao trnh mt ng tng ng cao trnh c hin ti (3.56 5.12)

3.

Trc ngang tuyn.

Km22+300 Km20+00. Trc ngang tuyn thit k, nn ng

p cp , b rng nn ng Bn = 11.0m, Bm = 10.0m, l
ng 1x1.0m, dc ngang mt ng i = 2%, l ng i =
4%. Mt ng dc mt mi v pha bn phi ng. Mi ta luy
p l 1: 1.5. Pha bn l ng 1.0m c thit k nh mt
ng v gia c mi ta luy bng hc xy va M100#
cao 0,5m.

on ni t ng ven sng Lam n cu sng Gy. Trc

ngang tuyn thit k, nn ng p hon ton , b rng
nn ng Bn = 11.0m, Bm = 8.0m, l ng 2x1,5m trng
cy xanh, dc ngang mt ng i = 2%, l ng i = 4%.
Mt ng dc 2 mi mi ta luy p 1:1.5.

on t cu sng Gy n n ng Hong Mi, on u trc

ngang tuyn thit k nn ng p cp, b rng nn ng
Bn = 9.0m, Bm = 6.0m, l ng bn tri 0.5m, l ng bn
phi 1.5m, b tr trng cy xanh. dc ngang mt ng
i = 2%, l ng i = 4%. on trc ca n thit k trc ngang
p cp b rng nn ng Bn = 8.0m, Bm = 6.0m, khng
lm l ng bn tri , l ng bn phi l 1.5m, b tr
trng cy xanh. dc ngang mt ng i = 2%, l ng i =
2%, mt dc mt mi v pha bn phi ng. Mi ta luy p
l 1:1.5 v c gia c bng cc tm b tng M150# trng c
gia v xy bc ln xung bng hc xy va M75#.

4.

Nn ng thng thng.

Trc khi o b lp t hu c dy 0,2m, p b bng t

thng thng, m cht K 0,95. Ring lp t trn cng st
y o ng dy 30cm m cht K 0,98 (k c nn o).

5.

Nn ng c bit.

on t Km22+318.97 Km22+336.55 di 17.85m x l nn

t yu bng ging ct kt hp b phn p.

on t Km22+336.55 Km22+430.08 di 93.53m x l nn

t yu bng ging ct kt hp b phn p

on t Km22+430.08 Km22+700 di 269.92m x l nn t

yu bng b phn p

6.

Kt cu mt ng.

Kt cu mt ng chnh theo th t t trn xung nh sau:

B tng nha ht trung dy 7cm.

Ti nha dnh bm, tiu chun nha 0.8kg/m2.

Cp phi dm loi I dy 15cm.

Cp phi dm loi II dy 20cm.

Kt cu mt ng trc n ng Hong Mi nh sau:

Lt gch Block dy 5cm.

Va XM mc 50 to phng dy 3cm.

Mng b tng M100# dy 10cm.

7.

Nt giao.

Nt giao: Ton on c 02 nt giao ct vi ng trnh Vinh ti

Km22+300 v ng vo n ng Hong Mi ti Km23+300,
thit giao ct cng mc.

Giao thng dn sinh: Thit k vut ni vi dc dc ti a

bng 4%. Kt cu vut ni trong phm vi va h nh kt cu
mt ng chnh tuyn, ngoi phm vi va h s dng kt cu
nha mt ng dn sinh hin trng.

8.

Cc cng trnh trn tuyn.

Cu Gy Km0+148.37 (Tuyn nhnh vo n ng Hong Mi)

Cu vnh cu bng b tng ct thp, chiu rng b = 10+2x0.5

= 11m, ti trng thit k H30 - XB30, ngi i b 300kg/m2.
Kt cu nh sau:

Cu gm 3 nhp dm gin n bng BTCT DL, chiu di mi

nhp 15m. Chiu di ton cu L = 54.08m. Mt ct ngang
gm 11 dm bn BTCT DL ko trc cao 0.65m, b rng dm
1m, b tng dm M400.

Lan can tay vn bng BT kt hp thp m km nng.

Gi cu s dng gi cu cao su nhp ngoi KT 950x400x20mm.

M cu: Dng m dng ch U tng cnh thng bng BTCT. B

mng t trn h 21 cc BTCT 40x40cm, di 20m, Thn m,
b m, tng cnh bng BTCT M250#.

Tr cu: tr dng thn hp bng BTCT. B mng t trn h

cc BTCT 40x40cm di 20m, cc c tai rng 20cm, B tr bng
BTCT M250#, thn tr, x m bng BTCT M300#, k gi
bng va Sicagrao dy 3cm.

Gia c: 1/4 nn m v phm vi 5m u cu c gia c bng

hc xy va M100# dy 30cm trn lp dm m dy
10cm.

ng 2 u cu: 10m sau m nn ng rng Bn = 11m, mt

ng rng Bm = 10m. on chuyn tip di 10m vut v b
rng mt ng Bm = 8m. Kt cu mt ng nh tuyn chnh.

9.

K p mi ta luy.

Ta luy bn tri tuyn chnh gia c bng hc xy va

M100#. on t cu Gy n n ng Hong Mi ta luy bn
phi c gia c bng tm BTCT M150# c sn dy 10cm,

on trc n xy bc tam cp ln xung bng hc xy

va M100#.
10. An ton giao thng.

H thng an ton giao thng c thit k theo iu l bo

hiu ng b 22 TCN 237 01. Ti nh 3 b tr siu cao ngc
nn thit k bin hn ch tc

Phn II: Bin php chun b vt t vt liu

I.

Tiu chun k thut v cht lng vt liu

1.

Nha ng:

Phi tho mn mt s ch tiu c bn sau y:

kim ln 60/70 n v ( Mi n v bng 1/10mm) 25oC

ko di > 40 cm 25oC

Nhit mm 48oC 60 oC

Nhit bt la 210 220 oC

Nha phi sch, khng ln c rc, t v c kh nng bm

dnh vi tt.

Tiu chun p dng ; AASHTO T49-89 v kim ln ca vt

liu nha v AASHTO T50-81 Th nghim ngm nc ca vt
liu nha.

2.

Xi mng:

Xi mng s dng cho xy dng cng trnh m bo yu cu thit

k nu trong h s mi thu v quy trnh, quy phm hin hnh
ca Nh nc Vit nam:

Xi mng s dng l loi xi mng Poclng PCB30 c cc ch tiu

c l tho mn tiu chun TCVN 2682-1992 v AASHTO M85.

Tho mn cc tiu chun ca kt cu v cng , chng thm

chng xm thc,chng xi chng mi mn, chng nt n tt,
ng kt nhanh v lng pht nhit t.

Ngy thng nm sn xut, s hiu xi mng phi r rng. Thi

gian d tr xi mng ti cng trng khng qu 02 thng k t
ngy sn xut.

Tuyt i khng s dng xi mng qu hn, b vn cc.

3.

Ct cc loi:

Ct s dng phi m bo thnh phn ht, c ht v hm lng

tp cht theo quy nh cho php

Cc ch tiu c l ca ct phi tho mn cc quy nh trong

tiu chun TCVN 1770 - 86 - Ct xy dng v AASHTO T21.

i vi ct to v va phi ph hp vi cc tr s sau:
ng knh mt

Lng st tch lu trn sng theo %

sng(mm)
5,00
2.5
1,25
0,63
0,315

trng lng
0
0-20
15-45
33-70
70-90

ng knh mt

Lng st tch lu trn sng theo %

sng(mm)
0,14

trng lng
90-100

Ct phi ly t ngun m bo yu cu, khng s dng ct ly

t cc bi gn ca sng c nc mn, nc l.

Nu cn thit phi sng

dng.

4.

dm s dng cho kt cu b tng:

dm c gia cng bng h thng my xay, sng m

bo ng thnh phn kch c. dm s dng b tng
phi m bo theo tiu chun quy nh trong tp yu cu k
thut.

Kch thc vin phi m bo khng > 2/3 khong cch gia
hai thanh ct thp v khng c vt qu 1/3 chiu dy nh nht
ca kt cu.

My trn s dng cho trn b tng phi ph hp vi kch c tng

loi ct liu

Cng chu nn ca khi ch to ra dm phi ln hn

1,5 ln cng chu nn ca b tng nu mc b tng nh
hn 250 v ln hn 2 ln cng b tng nu mc b tng ln
hn 250. Khi lng ring ca dm khng c nh hn 2,3
T/m3.

Thnh phn cc ht dp v ht hnh thoi khng c ln hn 15

% tnh theo khi lng ( Ht dp v ht hnh thoi l nhng ht c
chiu dy hoc chiu ngang < 1/3 chiu di ). T l cc ht c
cng < quy nh trong khng c ln hn 10 % theo
khi lng tng th.

Hm lng tp cht trong khng c vt qu cc tr s trong

bng di y:

Loi tp cht
Bn, bi, st
Hp cht sunfat v
sunfur tnh i ra
SO3

ra ct m bo yu cu s

BT vng mc
nc thay i
(%)

BT di nc
(%)

BT trn kh
(%)

0.5

0.5

0.5

5.

hc cho kt cu xy :

hc s dng cho cng trnh l loi phi m bo cng

, kch thc v khng bn, khng nt n.

Cng chu nn ti thiu l 850 kg/cm2, khi lng ring ln

hn 2,4 T/m3.

hc dng cho kt cu xy phi c chiu dy t nht l

10 cm, di 25 cm v chiu rng ti thiu bng hai ln chiu
dy. hc s dng cho khi lt phi c kch thc chiu di
hoc chiu rng bng chiu dy ca lp lt quy nh
trong bn v thi cng.

6.

Vi a k thut :

Vi a k thut l loi vi khng dt , xuyn kim , si di lin

tc ,100% Polypropylen , n nh vi tia cc tm .

Vi a k thut dng trong cng trnh phi t cc thng s

k thut c bn sau y :

TT

Tnh cht

Th nghim theo tiu

chun ISO

Tiu chun

n v

Ch tiu

Cng chu ko

ISO 10319

KN/m

13,5

dn di ko t

ISO 10319

75/35

Cng xuyn thng CBR

ISO 12236

2.100

Xuyn thng cn ri ng

ISO 13433

mm

26

ng knh l hiu dng

ISO 12956

mm

0,1

Lu lng thm ng
- H=50 mm

ISO 11058

l/m2/s

90

- H=100 mm

ISO 11058

l/m2/s

176

H s thm ng

ISO 11058

m/s

3x 10-3

Lu lng thm ngang : 20 KPA

ISO 12958

l/m.h

ISO 12958

l/m.h

2,5

200
KPA
9

Khi lng n v

ISO 9864

g/m2

180

10

Chiu dy 2 KPA

ISO 9863

mm

1,7

II

Th nghim theo tiu

chun ASTM

Cng ko dt (md/cd)

ASTMD 4632

825/720

dn di ko dt

ASTMD 4632

75/40

Sc khng xuyn thng thnh

ASTMD 4833

360

H s thm n v

ASTMD 4491

S-1

2,5

III

Kch thc cun tiu chun

Chiu rng

Chiu di

200

Trng lng

kg

154

Cc tr s nu trn l ch s trung bnh trong phng th

nghim tiu chun .

7.

Cp phi dm lin tc cho kt cu mng ng:

Vt liu cp phi dm phi ph hp vi cc ch tiu sau :

Thnh phn ht th nghim theo TCVN 4198-95

Kch c l
sng vung
(mm)

T l % lt sng ( bng trng lng)

D max=50

50

100

37.5

70-100

100

25.0

50-85

72-100

100

12.5

30-65

38-69

50-85

4.75

22-50

26-55

35-65

2.0

15-40

19-43

25-50

0.475

8-20

9-24

15-30

0.075

2-8

2-10

5-15

D
max=37.5

D max= 25

Ghi ch

Eh =3500
vi lp trn
Eh = 2500
vi lp di

T l cc ht lt sng 0.075mm khng ln hn 2/3 t l thnh phn

ht lt sng 0.425mm. (AASHTO M147-65)
Thnh phn cc ht quy nh trn y l i vi cc ct liu c
trng lng ring ng nht, phn trm lt qua cc loi sng c th
c php hiu chnh nu nhng ct liu c s dng c trng lng
ring khc nhau .

Loi I

Loi II

Ch tiu LA ( th nghim theo AASHTO T96)

Loi tng mt

Mng trn

Mng di

Cp cao A1

< 30

Khng dng

Cp cao A2

< 30

Khng dng

Cp cao A1

Khng dng

< 35

Cp cao A2

< 35

< 40

Cp thp B1

< 40

< 50

Ch tiu Atterberg th nghim theo AASHTO T89 v AASHTO

T90

Loi cp phi

Gii hn chy (LL)

Ch s do (Pi)

Loi I

Khng ln hn 25

Khng ln hn 4

Loi II

Khng ln hn 25

Khng ln hn 6

ng lng ct ch tiu ES th nghim theo ASTM 2419-79

Loi I

ES > 35

Loi II

ES > 30

Ch tiu CBR th nghim theo AASHTO T193-81

Loi I

CBR > 80 vi K 98 ngm nc 4 ngy

m

Loi II

CBR > 60 vi K 98 ngm nc 4 ngy

m

Hm lng ht dt th nghim theo 22TCN 57-84

Loi I

Khng qu 12%

Loi II

Khng qu 15%

8.

Ct thp thng cc loi:

Ct thp s dng vo cng trnh phi tho mn cc yu cu

nu trong tiu chun TCVN 1651 - 1985 - Ct thp trong b tng
v cc ch tiu theo tiu chun Thp thanh c g dng trong b
tng ct thp AASHTO M31 (ASTM A615)

Thp s dng ng theo yu cu v nhm, kch thc, s lng

nu trong bn v thit k.

Thp phi c lm sch g, bn t, du m trc khi gia cng.

Sau khi gia cng xong phi c bo qun tt khi lp t
khng b cong vnh, g, bn...v m bo ng s lng, cht
lng. Din tch mt ct ngang mt thanh thp khng b hp,
b gim qu 5% din tch mt ct ngang tiu chun.

Ngun gc thp s dng phi l thp Thi nguyn hoc thp

Lin doanh c y ho n chng minh.

Vic thay i ct thp ch c thc hin khi c s ng

ca Ch u t v n v thit k cng trnh nhng tng din
tch mt ct ngang khng c nh hn 2 % v ln hn 3%
din tch ti mt ct tng ng quy nh trong bn v thi

cng, phm vi thay i ng knh khng c vt qu 2mm i

vi thp cng mt nhm v s hiu
9.

Ct thp cng cao :

9.1. Kim tra chng ch :

Thp cng cao ch to cc dm bn c ng knh

12.7mm trc khi s dng cn kim tra cc ch tiu sau :
-

ng knh

Cc chy quy c P 0.2

Lc ph hoi P

dn di tng i

Gi tr trng

M uyn n hi

Nu kt qu th nghim sai lch vi chng ch khng

vt qu 5% th c s dng vo cng trnh

9.2. Bo qun thp cng cao :

Thp cng dod cao phi ng trong bao gi cn thn, khng

c dnh du m, mui ho hc ... v tt c cc yu t c
th gy hu qu lm cho thp b n mn

Khi xp d cc cun thp khng c nm t trn cao xung ,

khng dp , xon lm xy xt

Kho cha thp cng cao phi kh ro , c mi che ma nng

v tng bao xy kn bo v .

Thp a v phi c xp ring tng t trn sn k bng

phng , cch mt nn kh ro t nht 20 cm

10. Neo :

Neo s dng loi 2 mnh sn xut m bo ng tiu chun

thit k

Neo phi c bo qun trong cc thng g c bao gi trong kho

cng thp cng cao

Mi neo ch nn s dng mt ln , trong trng hp s dng li 2

ln phi a i ko kim tra kh nng gi cp ca neo v c
s ng ca cp c thm quyn.

Phi th nghim kim tra s lm vic gia cp vi neo ng vi

lc ph hoi ca cp cng cao.

11. Cp pha
11.1.

Cp pha g:

Tt c cc cp pha, cc thanh chng v cc gin gio phi lm

bng loi g c cht lng tt, dy ti thiu 20mm khng c mt
g thng, mt g khng c nt, cong vnh. Tt c cc cp pha
hay khun g dng to thnh b mt ch b tng cha ra

10

phi l loi g bo phng mt mt v hai bn mp hoc l g

cha bo c p pha sau bng g dn.

m ca g phi m bo theo quy nh hin hnh: i vi

ct pha cho kt cu trn kh m thch hp l 18-23%, i
vi ct pha cho kt cu di nc l 28-30 %.
11.2.

Cp pha kim loi:

Kim loi phi c dy khun lun gi nguyn hnh. Tt

c cc v tr c bu lng v u inh riv phi khot l, tt c
vam, inh dp hay mi dng c dng ni ghp khc phi
c thit k gi cc tm khun vo vi nhau cho chc
c th tho vn khun ra m khng gy h hi n b tng.

12. Nc thi cng:

Nc phc v cng tc xy v b tng phi tho mn tiu

chun TCVN 302-2004 - Nc dng cho b tng v va.
-

Khng cha vng du hoc vng m.

Lng tp cht hu c khng ln hn 15 mg/l.

pH khng nh hn 4 v khng ln hn 12,5.

Khng c mu khi dng cho b tng v va trang tr.

Theo mc ch s dng, hm lng mui ho tan, lng ion

sunfat, lng ion clo v cn khng tan khng c ln hn
cc gi tr qui nh trong bng 1.

Bng 1 - Hm lng ti a cho php ca mui ho tan, ion sunfat,

ion clo
v cn khng tan trong nc trn b tng v va
n v tnh bng mg/l
Mc cho php

1.

2.

Ion
Clo

ho tan

Ion
sunfat
(SO4-2)

(Cl-)

Cn
khng
tan

Nc trn b tng v nc trn

va bm bo v ct thp
cho cc kt cu b tng ct
thp ng lc trc.

2000

600

350

200

Nc trn b tng v nc trn

va chn mi ni cho cc kt
cu b tng ct thp.

5000

2000

1000

200

10000

2700

3500

300

Mc ch s dng

3. Nc trn b tng cho cc kt

cu b tng khng ct thp.
Nc trn va xy v trt.

Mui

11

Ch thch:
1) Khi s dng xi mng nhm lm cht kt dnh cho b tng v va, nc dng cho tt c cc phm vi s dng phi theo ng qui nh
ca mc1 bng 1.
2) Trong trng hp cn thit, cho php s dng nc c hm lng ion clo
vt qu qui nh ca mc 2 bng 1 trn b tng cho kt cu b
tng ct thp, nu tng hm lng ion clo trong b tng khng vt
qu 0,6kg/m3.
3) Trong trng hp nc dng trn va xy, trt cc kt cu c yu
cu trang tr b mt hoc phn kt cu thng xuyn tip xc
m th hm lng ion clo khng ch khng qu 1200 mg/l.
-

Khi nc c s dng cng vi ct liu c kh nng gy

phn ng kim - silc, tng hm lng ion natri v kali
khng c ln hn 1000 mg/l.

Nc khng c cha cc tp cht vi liu lng lm thay

i thi gian ng kt ca h xi mng hoc lm gim
cng nn ca b tng v tha mn cc yu cu bng
2 khi so snh vi mu i chng.

13. t p nn ng:

Vt liu dng p nn ng l cc loi vt liu thch hp

c ly t cc m t quy nh trong h s thit k . cc loi
t p c th s dng cho trong bng sau :

Loi t

T l ht ct (20.05mm) theo % khi

lng

Ch s
do

Kh nng s
dng

ct nh , ht to

> 50%

1-7

Rt thch hp

ct nh

> 50%

1-7

Thch hp

st nh

> 40%

7-12

Thch hp

st nng

> 40%

12-17

Thch hp

St nh

> 40%

17-27

Thch hp

Lp vt liu dy 30cm trm mt nn p ( di y o ng)

phi c chn lc k theo ng ch tiu k thut quy nh
cho lp t c m cht yu cu K 98 theo m nn ci
tin v phi ph hp yu cu sau :
-

Gii hn chy :

Ti a 55

Ch s do :

Ti a 18

CBR ( ngm 4 ngy):

Ti thiu 7%

Kch c ht cho php :

100% lt sng 90mm

14. Ngun vt liu chnh :

12

Ngun vt liu chnh s dng cho cng trnh c xc nh nh

sau :

t p ly ti m Hng lnh hoc Ni Mu

Xi mng st thp ly ti thnh ph Vinh

Ct si ly ti Ca Tin

xy dng cng trnh ly ti Ni Mu

Cp phi dm lp di dy 20 cm ly ti Ni Mu

Cp phi dm lp trn dy 15 cm ly ti m Hong Mai

Cp cng cao , Vi a k thut t mua ti H Ni

13

Phn III: t chc thi cng

I.

B tr nhn lc qun l iu hnh

1.

S t chc hin trng

( Xem bng S t chc hin trng )

2.

B tr nhn lc qun l iu hnh

Con ngi l yu t quyt nh trong vic thi cng cng trnh.

thi cng tt m bo cht lng v tin i hi phi c s ch
o st sao ca Cng ty cng nh Ban ch huy cng trng v c s
phi hp thng xuyn vi K s gim st. Lc lng cn b qun l v cn
b k thut v i ng cng nhn c tuyn chn k lng c
chuyn mn tay ngh cao c nhiu kinh nghim trong thi cng v
c thc t chc k lut cao:

Gim c iu hnh d n do mt K s Giao thng c nhiu

nm kinh nghim trong qun l, ch o cc cng trnh tng
t c quy m ln, k thut phc tp t hiu qu cao.

Ch nhim cng trnh l 1 K s Giao thng c nhiu kinh

nghim ch o thi cng nhiu cng trnh c quy m ln, k
thut phc tp t hiu qu tt.

i ng cn b k thut l 04 K s , k thut vin gii, nhit

tnh, nhiu kinh nghim trong cng tc thi cng.

Cng nhn trc tip thi cng l lc lng th lnh ngh, c k

thut, c thc t chc k lut, c kinh nghim thi cng.
Ngoi ra , chng ti s huy ng lc lng lao ng ti a phng tham gia nhng cng vic n gin , khng i hi
k thut nh : vn chuyn th cng, trng c , o p t
bng th cng... Vic thu nhn cng ti a phng va t
c mc tiu ca d n , va thun li cho nh thu trong vic
to mi quan h tt vi chnh quyn s ti , gim bt chi ph
phc v cho nhn cng...

Lc lng lao ng d kin cho cng trnh gm:

Cn b k thut

: 04 ngi

Cn b vt t, th kho, hnh chnh

: 02 ngi

Cng nhn trc tip sn xut:

100 ngi

Giai on u :

Giai on thi cng chnh: 130

ngi
Giai on cui: 100 ngi
II.

B tr thit b my thi cng phc v cho cng trnh

Cn c nng lc hin c ca nh thu v my mc thit b thi cng
v tnh ton v nhu cu my mc thit b thi cng cng trnh, nh
thu d kin s huy ng cho cng trnh cc loi my mc theo
bng k sau y, s my mc ny s c iu ng n cng
trnh theo tin thi cng.

14

Tt c my mc, thit b c b tr trn cng trng v trong xng

gia cng trong tnh trng sn sng hot ng theo cc v tr thch
hp thun tin cho vic thi cng cng nh bo qun.
Cht lng tt c cc my mc thit b ni trn u m bo yu
cu thi cng.
Bng k my mc thit b thi cng :
TT

Tn thit b

S.lng

Cng sut

Xe ti HUYNDAI

06

12 tn

Xe ti IFA W50

03

5 tn

My i KOMATSU D41P

01

140CV

My i KOMATSU D31

01

100 CV

My o HITACHI BW200 , SOLAR 200

01

0.8 m3/gu

Lu bnh thp SAKAI,HAMM

03

6-12 tn

Cn cu K 162

02

16T

My san KOMATSU GD31

02

180 CV

Xe tc phun nc HUYNDAI

01

6 m3

10

My o bnh xch CATERPILAR ,

KOMATSU

01

0,81,25m3/gu

11

B th nghim hin trng

01

12

My trn b tng JG-150-2

02

150-250 L

13

My pht in HONDA,KUBOTA

02

50-100KVA

14

My m cc MIKASA,TALCOM GX 100

04

3.0 HP

15

My m bn

03

0.8 KW

16

My m di MSX-38

03

280 W

17

My ct un GQW-40

01

3.0KW

18

My hn in

01

6 KW

19

My lu rung BOMAG

02

25 Tn

20

My lu bnh lp SAKAI

01

18 tn

21

My bm nc t hnh SEH-80X

03

60 m3/h

22

My nn kh PDS -375S

01

10 m3/phut

15

TT

Tn thit b

S.lng

Cng sut

23

My ri b tng nha

01

100 T/h

24

Xe ti nha

01

800 L/h

25

Trm trn b tng nha

01

60T/h

26

Ba DJ2

01

2,5 tn

27

Phao ni LPP

06

28

Ba rung

01

29

My bm

02

100 m3/h

30

H thng ti ko dm

01

31

H thng dm I , ray P38 ,vn c

larsen,YUKM

( Nhng my mc trn l sn c, sn sng huy ng cho cng trnh

theo tin )
III. Huy ng cho cng trng :
Nh thu thi cng tin hnh huy ng : Nh ca cho cn b cng
nhn thi cng cng trnh , my mc thit b thi cng , nhn lc
ngay sau khi nhn c thng bo bt u d n.
Vic huy ng bao gm t vic xc nh v tr lm tr s , ni tp
kt my mc thit b, nh xng , trm trn v phng tin i li
trong ch bao gm vic xy dng v di chuyn gii to .
Thi gian huy ng s kt thc trong vng 30 ngy k t khi bt
u khi cng cng trnh.
a, Nh ca v tin nghi :
Nh ca , xe c v thit b do Nh thu cung cp . Nh ca gm
nh vn phng lm vic cho cn b gim st ca nh thu , nh
cho cng nhn v nh kho vt liu . Nh ca s c xy dng v
tr thun li cho vic iu hnh thi cng cng trnh .
Kt cu nh phi m bo thong mt , sch s ,trnh n o ,
nhim t hot ng ca cng trng. Nh vn phng c trang b
cc thit b cn thit cho hot ng iu hnh sn xut ca
cng trng .
Nh cng nhn c xy dng kt cu nh khung lp tm lp , bao
che kn o ,c y cc iu kin phc v cho sinh hot ca
cng nhn lao ng nh in , nc , nh bp , nh tm , nh v
sinh .Trong iu kin c th th nh thu c th thu mn v ci
to li mt s nh c ca a phng hoc h dn trn tuyn
lm vn phng .

16

Nh kho s c xy dng dc tuyn cng trnh thun li cho

vic nhp xut vt t hng ngy v m bo s cch ly thch hp ,
m bo an ton .
Cc phng tin giao thng nh xe my s c nh thu cung cp
cc cn b gim st c iu kin i li hng ngy ra cng trng .
b, Thit b th nghim :
Mt phng th nghim c cht lng c k s chp thun s c huy
ng tin hnh thc hin cc th nghim v cng tc t ,
cng tc b tng ct thp v nn , mt ng .
Cc thit b th nghim bao gm : cc thit b th nghim , kim
tra ngay ti hin trng nh : My trc c , thc thp , thit b o
cht nn t , sng bn kim tra mc b tng, khun c
mu...v cc thit b th nghim ti phng th nghim .
Nh thu d kin b tr cc trang thit b ti phng th nghim
gm :
TT
Tn cng tc
* V th nghim t :
1.1
Phn tch thnh

Trang thit b d kin

Hai b sng 200-0,02mm; mt cn

phn ht ca t

200gr chnh xc n 0.2gr ; mt cn

1.2

Xc nh m ca

100gr chnh xc n 0,1gr.

Mt cn 100gr chnh xc n 0,1gr v

1.3

t
mt t sy c th gi nhit 100-105oC
Th nghim m nn Mt b m nn tiu chun v mt b

1.4
1.5

Th nghim CBR
Th nghim p ln

m nn ci tin
Mt thit b m nn + 5 b khun
Mt b khun th nghim CBR v mt

nn , mt ng

tm p 5 cm , gi lp t ng h o
bin dng , ng h o bin dng

chnh xc n 0,01mm
* V th nghim vt liu mng v o ng
2.1
Phn tch thnh phn ht 1 b sng tiu chun 0,02 -40 mm+
2.2

Th nghim m nn

cn 1000gr chnh xc 0,5gr.

Nh mc 1.4 + cn 10000gr

2.3

Th nghim hao mn

chnh xc 0,5gr
Mt b th nghim tiu chun

2.4

dm
Th nghim hm lng st

LosAngeles
Mt b tiu chun

trong vt liu hoc

th nghim ng lng ct
ES

17

TT
2.5

Tn cng tc
Th nghim hm lng ht

Trang thit b d kin

Mt b tiu chun

dt
* Th nghim nha
3.1
Th nghim kim ln,

Mt b tiu chun

nht , ko di , nhit ho
mm ca nha
* Cc trang thit b kim tra hin trng
4.1
My o c
My kinh v NIKON + my thu bnh
c, Cc cng tc khc :
Sau khi k kt hp ng , nh thu s tin hnh ngay mt s cng vic
sau :
Lm vic vi Ban qun l d n v chnh quyn a phng
gii phng mt bng .
Nhn bn giao tim mc .
ng k tm tr tm vng cho cng nhn vi a phng .
Kho st tnh trng cc tuyn ng vn chuyn vt liu
Kho st ngun vt t , tr lng cc m , kim nghim cht lng .
Xy dng ln tri tm , cc ng tm nu cn thit .
Tp kt vt t , my mc thit b chun b thi cng .
Bn bc k hoch t chc l khi cng cng trnh .
IV. Trnh t thi cng:
1.

Cng tc chun b:

Cn c tin thi cng lp, chun b xy dng ln tri tm

cho ngi v xe my, thit b, kho bi cha vt liu, in nc
sinh hot, cc bin bo ro chn phc v cho cng tc m
bo giao thng.

Trang b y bo h lao ng cho cn b cng nhn vin

lm vic ti hin trng, xe t vn chuyn phi c che ph
m bo v sinh mi trng.

Ln tri ng qun t v tr m bo v sinh cao ro,

sch s. C ngun nc sinh hot y . C bin php bo v
ngun nc, v sinh mi trng.

Chun b th tc giy php xy dng, giy php khai thc

vt liu, ng k tm tr, ng k thu, bi thi vt liu... trc
khi tin hnh thi cng.

Tin hnh kho st ngun cung ng vt liu, th nghim cc

ch tiu c l cc m vt liu (t, , ct.....) trnh ch u
t.

18

Thi gian chun b: Ngay sau khi k hp ng.

2.

Trnh t thi cng:

Cn c vo thc t tuyn ng cn xy dng, nng lc ca

n v thi cng v nhng quy nh k thut p dng cho d
n th bin php thi cng thch hp l kt hp th cng v c
gii, trong thi cng c gii chim phn ln h gi thnh
xy dng.

Hng thi cng s cn c tnh hnh thc t ca on tuyn

thi cng. Nhm mc ch a nhng on ng lm xong
vo s dng ngay, ng thi t chc thi cng s tp trung hn
ph hp vi quy m ca d n.

Trnh t thi cng nh sau:

Phn ng :

o Thi cng cng trnh trn tuyn

o Thi cng o p nn ng
o Thi cng cng trnh thot nc dc ( mng thot nc )
o Thi cng mng ng
o Thi cng mt ng
o Thi cng h thng an ton giao thng

Phn Cu :

o Chun b mt bng thi cng

o Thi cng m
o Thi cng tr
o Thi cng kt cu nhp
o Thi cng ng hai u cu
o Hon tr cng trng
Cc buc thi cng c th tin hnh tun t hoc xen k
m bo tin chung , tu thuc vo iu kin thi cng
thc t ca cng trng.

V.
1.

Cng tc chun b ban u, xy dng ln tri... s b tr mt

nhm lao ng th cng thc hin nhm ny cng s lm cng
tc hon thin, dn dp, gii to cng trng. Trong qu trnh
thi cng, tu iu kin, s lao ng th cng ny s c ghp
vo cc b phn lm cng tc xy lp chnh.

3.

Tin thi cng:

Cn c nng lc Nh thu v kinh nghim thi cng nhng cng

trnh tng t v c iu kin hin trng tng t Nh thu d
kin s hon thnh Gi thu thu vi thi gian ph hp nht.

Kim sot giao thng trong thi gian thi cng.

Khi qut:

19

2.

3.

D n xy dng ng giao thng ven sng Lam thi cng trn

tuyn ng hin ang s dng, bi vy cn phi kim sot v
iu hnh giao thng trong sut thi gian thi cng sao cho
cc hot ng thi cng khng lm nh hng n giao thng i
li trn ng v lm h hi n cc cng trnh cng cng.
Bin php kim sot giao thng:

Kim tra kim sot giao thng hng ngy v bin php kim
sot giao thng chi tit.

Trc khi khi cng cng trnh, Nh thu trnh k hoch chi
tit cho K s t vn ph duyt.

Tt c cn b, cng nhn tham gia thi cng cng trnh phi c hc v quy nh bin php an ton.

Cc iu kin ca cng tc kim sot an ton phi kim tra

hng ngy v theo ng cc iu kin cng trng v iu
kin thi tit, bin php kim sot giao thng phi ph hp.
Thc hin:
-

Nh thu s lin h vi chnh quyn a phng s ti c

tho thun v vic s dng cc on ng vo khu vc thi
cng hin c v nhng ni cn m cc ng cng v. Phi
thng nht vi chnh quyn a phng vch k hoch
nng cp cc on ng trong thi gian thi cng.

Trong qu trnh thi cng phi ch trng n vic qun l

giao thng trn cc ng vo, lin tc b tr cc b phn sa
cha cc on ng a phng m Nh thu s dng m
bo giao thng thng sut.

Trc khi thi cng ng tm Nh thu s trnh bn v cho K s

chp thun.

Ti cc im cn thit phi b tr bin bo cnh gii v ngi

hng dn giao thng trong sut thi gian thi cng.

20

Phn IV: bin php t chc v k thut thi cng

mt s cng tc chnh
A. Bin php thi cng ng :
I.

II.

Kho st v nh trc :
-

Tin hnh kim tra li ton b to , cao ca cc im

ng chuyn khng ch so snh vi h s thit k

Lp im khng ch thi cng dc theo tuyn ng . Thc

hin vic di du cc ra ngoi phm vi thi cng cng trnh .
Cc im phi t sao cho c th nhn thy ln nhau v
tin li cho vic kim tra . Cc cc ny phi c nh du r
rng v bo v cn thn cho n khi kt thc hp ng.

Kim tra cao mt t t nhin tuyn ng , so snh vi

ng en trong thit k .

Mi sai khc gia thc t v thit k u phi c bo ngay

cho k s t vn x l trc khi tin hnh thi cng.

Vic kim tra , kho st c tin hnh bng my trc c

TOPCON GPT-3000N

Pht quang ,xi t v o b hu c :

1.

Khi qut:

2.

3.

Cng tc ny bao gm: pht quang, xi t v san phng

gm c di di tt c cc cy ci, lp t mt v cc mnh
vn thuc gii hn ch nh trong ch gii ng v khu
vc cng trnh ph. Cy ci, lp t mt v cc vt th
theo quy nh phi gi li s c bo v khi h hi v
hng hc.

Pht quang, xi t v o b cy ci:

Tt c vt liu, cy ci, cc cnh cy nh ra v cc mnh

vn khc khng c ch nh gi li s c pht quang, xi
t v vt b ti khu vc quy nh. Cng tc ny ch yu
c thc hin th cng v mnh vn s c thu gom v
cht ln xe ti ch n bi rc.

Khi c php, cc gc cy, vt cng kh phn hu

khng vt qu c th gi li nu nm ngoi gii hn o
thi cng v cc din tch p nn. Ti cc vng t xung
quanh nh ca mi dc sau, cc gc cy phi c ct
ngang hoc ct di b mt ca dc mi ta -luy cui cng.

Cc h to thnh sau khi xi t phi c lp bng vt liu

thch hp v c m cht.

o b lp t mt:

Ti khu vc di lp nn hoc khu vc c ch r theo thit

k, Nh thu phi o b lp t mt v em bi
rc theo ch dn ca K s t vn.

21

4.

5.

o b lp t mt hin c, ng vt liu theo cch

v v tr nh ch dn ca K s t vn, sau khi hon thnh
xong phn o b v lp t, san phng vt liu v
p mi ta-luy vi dy bng dy lp t o
b, trc khi gieo ht hoc trng cy. Sau khi cht cy,
Nh thu phi o r cy v lp bng vt liu thch hp.

Dng nhn cng o b lp t mt v kt hp vi my

xc. Thu gom vt liu ct vo mt ni hoc dng xe
rc ch n bi rc.

V tr vt b rc:

Vt liu thu gom v cc mnh vn phi vo v tr

vt b c chp thun trong hoc gn khu vc ch gii
ng quy nh.

Tt c cc vt liu o b, tr cc vt liu gi li ti s
dng, v cc vt liu khc phi ch n ni vt b c
K s t vn ph duyt. ng v khu vc ln cn phi lun
gi sch s v gn gng cho cng trnh ang thi cng.
Phi ch mnh vn v cc chng ngi vt vng ln cn ra
ngoi vch ch gii.

Trong thi gian thi cng cng trnh, Nh thu phi tun
theo cc bn v thi cng qua ph duyt ca K s t vn.

Nu cn thit, phi b tr ng vng hoc ng trnh

tu theo tnh hnh cng trng thc t. Tuy nhin, trc khi
tin hnh cng vic ny Nh thu phi trnh k
hoch cho K s t vn v cc c quan a phng c thm
quyn lin quan ph duyt.

Bo v mi trng xung quanh:

Dng xe phun nc hn ch bi bn v lm sch khng

kh trn cng trng.

III. Thi cng o nn ng:

1.

Thnh phn cng vic:

H thp cao t nhin.

o gt khun ng.

o rnh.

Cng vic ny gm vic o t theo yu cu trong phm vi

thi cng, vn chuyn, nh ng hoc b cc vt liu
o c .Cng vic bao gm o v hon thin b mt l
thin ti nhng on thi cng theo hng dn ca k s to c mt ct ngang v dc taluy theo qui nh thit k .
C th s dng cc hng mc cng vic ny i vi vic o
b cc lp t yu hoc t khng ph hp khc ra khi nn ng , tr cng vic v knh thot nc c thc hin ring. t s
c chuyn ti ni m n hoc s b b hoc c
nh ng ti s dng li lm t p ng .

22

2.

3.

Bin php thi cng:

Ln ga, cm cc v gim st nh hng tuyn, mp

mt ng v l ng.

S dng cc g, thc dy, mc chun khng ch gii

hn phn o t trong sut qu trnh. Nu c th
nhng vt c nh nh cy ci, kt cu thot nc hoc
nh ca s c nh du nh phn cng vic hon
thnh sau ny s c kim tra li.

Hng tuyn chn s c kim tra k sau khi xem xt li

a ra mt ct vi dc cho php m bo nn ng cao trn mc nc cao nht d kin trong ma ma ti
thiu l 30cm .

Vt liu thch hp o ln c th ti s dng lm vt liu

p. Cc vt liu thch hp s c s dng cho cc mc
ch khc nhau s c ng ring bit v nh thu
phi thc hin bo qun cht lng vt liu trng thi ban
u s dng.

Mi taluy s c hon thin mt cch kho lo v c k

thut vi chnh xc ph hp cho tng loi vt liu .Mi
taluy phi c duy tr trng thi an ton v n nh .

Thot nc phi c m bo thot ra khi khu vc thi

cng . Cng vic bao gm to vng b mt thi cng v
o rnh thot nc tm trnh h hi cho nn mt ng .

Thit b thi cng:

II.

My o 0,8m3, my i 75 110CV, t vn ti t v
cc dng c th nghim o c cn thit.

Thi cng p t nn ng thng thng :

1.

Miu t:

Cng tc ny bao gm: Vic p nn ng, vic chun b phm vi

trn c p t, vic ri v m nn vt liu thch hp c
k s chp thun trong phm vi nn ng, cc v tr c vt liu
khng ph hp c o b, lp v m cc l, h v cc ch lm
khc trong phm vi nn ng ph hp vi cc yu cu k thut v
ng vi hng tuyn.
2.

Vt liu p nn:

Trong phn ln cc trng hp, vt liu p phi l t ln

si , si ong , t ct , t st hoc t ct c m
ph hp.

Trc khi p , nh thu cn tin hnh ly mu th

nghim m t v th nghim m nn tiu chun
xc m tt nht.

Vt liu phi tun theo Tiu chun k thut v phi c K

s t vn chp thun.

23

3.

X l m ca t:

cht ca t t c h s K yu cu vi chi ph
m nn thp nht th t dng p phi c
m thch hp , xp x bng m tt nht tm c
qua th nghim trc lc thi cng . Nu m ca t
thin nhin bng 0,8 -1,2 Wo th c th khng cn phi x
l m trc lc p .

Tuy vy sau khi o xong n khi m xong thng l

thi gian lm cho m ca t thay i nhiu nht do
cn phi rt ngn thi gian ny . nu khng c bin
php che chn th cn trnh vic o d tr t .

Nu t l loi d thm nc m m t nhin khng ph

hp th nn x l m ngay ti bi t : Nu t kh
qu th c th bm ti thm nc . Nu t t qu th phi
tm bin php thot nc cho t chng kh .

Nu t l loi khng thm nc th phi x l ngay ti ch

p :

o Nu t qu kh th phi toi thm nc vi lng nc sau

y , cha k lng nc bc hi khong 2-3%

Po = (Wo-W) Pd/(1+W)

Trong :

Po l lng nc ti thm tnh bng kg

Pd l khi lng t phi x l tnh bng kg

Wo l m tt nht tnh theo s thp phn

W m t t nhin

o Nu t qu t th phi dng bin php phi , hong t .

4.

Cc bin php thi cng:

Trc khi tin hnh p i tr nh thu s tin hnh mt

on p th qua quyt nh chiu dy lp
p , thit b m t .

Vt liu p ch t cc bi vt liu hoc cc m vt liu

n cng trng bng xe ben, v ri ti nhng v tr
d tnh v khng c cht ng trn cng trng v c
th lm nh hng n giao thng cng cng khi Nh thu
thi cng trong vng din tch hp , khng uc tr t
nht l trong ma ma .

Trc khi p cn tin hnh ln ga , cm cc , xc nh

ranh gii p. Ti cc v tr p cp , mi ta luy c cn
thit phi uc dn sch hu c , nh cp .

Phng php p c la chn ch yu l p thnh lp ,

ring i vi cc on p cp c chiu rng p nh

24

th p dng phng php p hn hp, t s c p

rng hn mt ct thit k t 0,4-0,5m , lu ln sau gt
i m bo mi v tr t trong mt ct ngang
u c m cht. Chiu dy ca cc lp phi tun theo
ng nhng kt qu ca nhng ln m th. Thng thng khi m bng my th chiu dy mi lp p trong
khong t 25-30 cm.

Nn p m rng : Mi dc ca nn p cn phi c
chun b bng cch n sch cy c v nh cp . Phn
m rng cn phi c p thnh lp ngang v thi cng
cng nhanh cng tt vng m rng c th s dng cho
xe chy cng sm cng tt .

Khi p , cng tc ch yu c tin hnh trn hai on

c chiu di ging nhau , trn mt on th ri t thnh
lp cn on kia th tin hnh lu ln . Sau li thay i
v tr v tin hnh cho n khi hon thnh nn p .

Vic b tr c cu ca i my thi cng p t gm :

My o , my i , my lu v xe t vn chuyn , xe ti nc
cn c tnh ton k pht huy ti a cng sut my
ng thi c dy chuyn hot ng nhp nhng . m
bo lng t ch n trong ca lm vic no th phi c
ri v m ln ngay trong ca lm vic y .

Cc vt liu ri c m cht t K>95 vi m ti u

bng thit b m dng trong cc th nghim
trnh cho K s t vn ph duyt. Phi b sung nc trong trng hp khng m hoc lm kh vt liu trong trng hp m qu quy nh.

Vic lu ln t p ch thc hin khi m ca t

p nm trong phm vi cho php . Mi lp p xong phi
c lu ln theo quy nh , th cht v c t vn gim
st nghim thu trc khi ri lp tip theo .

Nn p phi c lu ln bt u t cc lp mp ngoi v
tin dn vo gia sao cho mi on u nhn c cc lc
nn bng nhau. Khi c th , xe thi cng s chy trn cng
trnh p v cc ln xe phi thay i lin tc ri
u tc dng lc nn ca xe.

Trong qu trnh thi cng nh thu s phi gi ng hnh

dng v lun lun trong iu kin thot nc tt. Lm rnh
thot nc trc , o t t cc on a hnh thp nht ,
p t t cc on cao nht . Lun duy tr mui luyn
phn t p v to cc rnh xung c m bo cho
b mt khu vc ang p khng b ng nc .

Thi cng xong lp K98 st y mng , nh thu , t vn gim

st v Ban QLDA nghim thu t yu cu mi c chuyn
thi cng mng ng .

25

5.

Tiu chun p dng : TCN 4447-97 hoc 22 TCN 07-77 v

cc tiu chun khc ca AASHTO quy nh trong tp tiu
chun k thut.

Thit b thi cng:

My m t 16- 25T, my i 75CV ,my san, t vn ti

t , m cc, my bm nc 10 20 m3/h, cc dng c
th nghim o c cn thit.

III. Bin php thi cng nn ng qua vng t yu

1.

Trnh t thi cng.

Theo kt qu kim ton 4 phn on trong c:

+ Phn on 1 x l ging ct v b phn p:
-

Km22+318.97 Km22+336.55: c chiu di 17.58 m

Trnh t thi cng:

-

San gt to mt bng thi cng.

Thi cng ging ct n su 15.2 m.

Tri vi a k thut, thi cng lp m ct dy 0.80 m v b tr

thit b quan trc nh bn v thit b quan trc. Trong on ny
b tr mt mt ngang mt quan trc ln v chuyn v ngang do
t vn gim st quyt nh.

p nn cng vi b phn p vi tc p khng vt qu 11

cm/ngy n cao 4.4 m, ch ln c kt 256 ngy ri mi o
khun thi cng mng mt ng.

Trong qu trnh thi cng cn ch b tr rnh m bo thot nc

cho lp m ct khng b tc.

+ Phn on 2 x l ging ct v b phn p:

-

Km22+336.55 Km22+430.08: c chiu di 93.53 m.

Trnh t thi cng:

-

San gt to mt bng thi cng.

Thi cng ging ct n su t 16 n 23.73 m.

Tri vi a k thut, thi cng lp m ct dy0.9 m v b tr

thit b quan trc nh bn v thit b quan trc. Trong on ny
b tr mt mt ngang mt quan trc ln v chuyn v ngang do
t vn gim st quyt nh.

p nn cng vi b phn p vi tc p khng vt qu 10

cm/ngy n cao 5.4 m, ch ln c kt 242 ngy ri mi o
khun thi cng mng mt ng.

Trong qu trnh thi cng cn ch b tr rnh m bo thot nc

cho lp m ct khng b tc.

+ Phn on 3 v 4 x l b phn p:
Km22+430.08 Km22+700.00: c chiu di 269.92 m
Trnh t thi cng:

26

Tin hnh git cp ta luy nh bnh thng (nu c), vt bn 1 m

sau tin hnh p nn v b phn p. Nhng on thay i
kch thc b phn p tin hnh vut ni hp l.

Cn ch cc on x l t yu nu trn: Cc on cn li tin
hnh p bnh thng nhng phi tun theo quy trnh thi cng
p nn. Thi gian thi cng khng vt qu 10 thng.

+ on cn li khng x l:
Tin hnh p bnh thng.
Ch :
o Nhng on thi cng ging ct v b phn p khi gp ao
c nc cn be b rt ht nc mi c thi cng. Khng cho
php thi cng nn ao khi vn cn nc.
2.

Quy nh v vt liu:
o Ct dng p tr phn vt t yu:

Dng ct ht nh hoc ct ht trung t yu cu dng lm vt liu

p nn ng.
o Ct dng p m ct v thi cng ging ct:

L ct ht trung, c hm lng ht > 0.25 mm chim trn 50%;

Hm lng ht < 0.08 mm chim t hn 5%;

Hm lng hu c < 5%;

V tho mn mt trong hai iu kin sau:

D60
>6
D10

( D30 ) 2
1<
<3
D10 .D60

D60, D30, D10 l kch c ht m hm lng cha cc c ht nh hn n

chim 60%, 30%, 10%.
o Vi a k thut:
Cc ch tiu c bn ca vi a k thut loi khng dt dng
ngn cch:
-

Cng chu ko dc khi t (ASTM D 4595) : > 25 KN/m;

ng knh l dc (ASTM D 4751) : O95 < 0,64.D85 ; vi D85 l ng

knh ht ca vt liu p (ct) m lng cha cc c ht nh hn
chim 85%;

dn di khi t (ASTM D 4632) : < 25%;

Cng chu x rch (ASTM D 4533) : > 0,3 KN/m;

H s thm (ASTM D 4491) : > 1010-4 m/s;

Trng lng : > 250 g/m2 ;

Vi a k thut phi ri ngang (vung gc vi tim tuyn) v cc vt

ri c khu chng nhau 10 cm hoc ph chng nhau t nht l 50 cm.

27

o Vt liu p lp phng ln:

Yu cu k thut nh vt liu p cc lp thn ng.
o p t phn p:
Yu cu k thut nh vt liu p cc lp thn ng. Cn m bo
p sao cho c th thot nc t m ct ra ngoi. Trong qu trnh
p phn p b chm v ln cn phi p b chiu cao phn p
thit k.
3.

Thit b thi cng:

Thit b thi cng ging ct :

-

ng knh ng dn:

0,4 m

Chiu su lm vic: > 18 m

Ba rung: 180 Kw

Tng trng lng: < 13 tn

Khi thi cng cn phi c cc tm thp ri trn mt bng my di

chuyn v hot ng bn trn vi mc ch gim p lc tc dng ln nn
t.
4.

Thit b quan trc:

o Bn quan trc ln:

Cu to: gm 1 tm thp nh vung cnh 50 cm, dy 1 cm, gia

c gn (hn) ng thp trn 50 mm c ren ni u ni dn trong
khi thi cng. Bn ngoi c ng nha 150 mm bo v khng cho cn
o ln tip xc vi nn p, trn u c np bt kn trnh cc vt lii
ri vo trong ng o ln. ng o ln phi lun lun thng ng, xe
my thi cng klhng c va chm.
Trong qu trnh p nn ng, cng tc quan trc ln ca nn
p v chuyn v ngang ca t nn c tin hnh thng xuyn mi
ngy mt ln.
Tin hnh o ln theo quy trnh hin hnh: lng ln cho php ti
tim nn ng <10 mm/ngy m th tin hnh p bnh thng.
o Cc quan trc chuyn v ngang:
Cc g kch thc 1010150 cm (c th dng cc b tng), c
ng ng v tr cc mt ct quy nh, xe my thi cng khng c
va chm.
Tin hnh o chuyn v ngang theo quy trnh hin hnh:
chuyn v ngang cho php <5 mm/ ngy m th tin hnh p
bnh thng.
Tin hnh o ln v chuyn v ngang mi ngy mt ln trong qu
trnh p nn v p gia ti. Khi ngng p v trong 2 thng sau
khi p phi quan trc hng tun; tip quan trc hng thng cho
n ht thi gian bo hnh v bn giao cho pha qun l khai thc ng c h thng quan trc ( tip tc quan trc nu cn thit).

28

Nu ang p thy chuyn v ngang qu tiu chun ni trn th

tm ngng p tm nguyn nhn, nu qu nhiu th nn xt n
vic d ti ch n nh ri mi p tip.
5.

Mt s vn cn ch khi thi cng.

Ch ti trnh t thi cng tng hng mc cng trnh;

-

Khi hon thin mi ta luy khng c lm x, rch vi a k thut.

Cc on thi cng ging ct phi lu ti chiu cao p, thi gian

p, thi gian ngh nh quy nh trong phn k thi gian thi
cng.

Sau khi t bn quan trc ln v ng cc quan trc chuyn v

ngang phi tin hnh quan trc ngay iu chnh tin thi
cng.

Vic xc nh khi lng b ln chnh thc s c tnh ton trn c

s quan trc ln ti bn quan trc cc mt ct i din.

Chiu su ging ct trn ch l d kin, trong thi cng tu theo

iu kin a cht (chiu dy lp bn) m quyt nh chiu su
x l.

Trong thi cng khng tp kt vt liu thnh nhng ng ln,

khng tp trung nhiu my mc thi coong trn nn p (k c
thi gian ngh ch nn t c kt).

Tuyn ng c thit k vi ti trng H30 XB80 do trong qu

trnh thi cng v khai thc tuyt i chp hnh quy nh v ti
trng ti a

IV. V g, gt xn lu ln to hnh:
1.

2.

Thnh phn cng vic:

o t yu g vn chuyn n bi thi, cuc to

bm g

Vn chuyn vt liu v v ng ti v tr g theo

khi lng tnh ton ca k s.

Dng lao ng ph thng san vt liu vo g.

Dng my san v lao ng th cng gt xn nn ng to

mui luyn.

Dng my lu 8,5T hoc 25T lu ln nn ng t h s K

thit k.

Kim tra, nghim thu chuyn bc thi cng.

Bin php m bo cht lng:

g sau khi v xong cao hn nn ng 1-2 cm

phng ln. H s m nn t yu cu nh ca mt ng.

Kim tra nn ng sau khi lu ln to hnh: cht,

dc ngang bng cc thit b kim tra hin trng: thc, con
lc, b ba cy tiu...

29

3.

Thit b thi cng:

V.

My san, my lu, t vn chuyn, m cc, my bm,

dng c th nghim hin trng....

Thi cng mng ng cp phi dm:

1.

Lp mng CPD loi II lp di :

a.

Chun b b mt:

Lp nn thng phi c to hnh , m nn v phi c hon

thin v nghim thu vi khong cch ti thiu 150m pha trc
nhng khu vc s thi cng lp vt liu mng.

b.

Ri th:

Trc khi bt u tin hnh thi cng, Nh thu s tin hnh thi
cng trn on ri th nghim. Vt liu dng ri th l loi vt
liu Nh thu s dng cho lp mng di. Mc ch ca cng tc
ri th l xc nh y thit b thi cng, o chiu
xp trc khi lu cn thit t c chiu dy m nn ch
nh, m hin trng v mi quan h gia s ln m
nn v cht tng ng ca vt liu.

Chiu di mi on th im l 50m-100m v phi c mt

ca k s t vn.

c.

Ri lp mng di:

Cp phi s c vn chuyn t bi tp kt ra hin trng thi cng

bng t v ri ra tuyn theo tnh ton ca cn b k
thut . Dng my san san vt liu , to hnh trc khi lu ln .

Lp mng dui phi c thi cng thnh tng lp vi dy khng

qu 200mm sau khi lu ln . Cn phi trnh tnh trng phn lp
khi ri v cc ht qu c phi uc nht b trc khi tin hnh lu
ln.

d.

Phun nc , lu ln :

Ngay sau khi tng lp c ri v to hnh, mi lp phi c lu ln

k bng my lu rung 16-24T . Trc tin , dng my lu tnh hoc
my lu rung ch khng ti lu qua 1 vi lt nhm n
nh s b vt liu, trnh tnh trng vt liu b x trt trc
bnh lu. Sau tin hnh m cht vi ti trng m t thp
n cao n khi t cht yu cu.

Cng tc lu ln c tin hnh bt u dc theo mp ng v

tin dn vo tim ng theo chiu dc ng . Trn cc on
siu cao , vic lu ln phi bt u t pha thp ( pha bng) ln
pha cao ( pha lng) .

Mi lp phi c m nn vi cht ti thiu l 95% theo

tiu chun ASSHTO T180. Trong qa trnh m , m phi
c kim sot ng u trn ton b lp m sao cho nm
trong khong + 2% gii hn ca m ti u, theo tiu chun
AASHTO T180. Vt liu khng m phi c ti nuc trc
v trong qu trnh lu ln cho n khi p ng c yu cu. Vt

30

liu qu m phi c lm kh n m yu cu trc khi lu

ln.

Trong qu trnh lm lp mng di , vic xc nh cht phi

c thc hin trong tng lp theo tiu chun AASHTO T191 bng
3 th nghim trn 2000m2 mng di c lu ln hoc vi 1 tn
sut khc theo ch dn ca t vn. Trong mi trng hp , khong
cch gia cc im th nghim khng c qu 200m .

c chp thun , 4 trong 5 gi tr cht phi bng hoc

ln hn cht yu cu v c 5 gi tr ny phi ln hn 97%
cht yu cu , cht trung bnh ca 5 th nghim ny
phi khng thp hn gi tr cht yu cu.

e.

Bo dng :

Sau khi hon thnh thi cng, lp mng phi c bo dng cn

thn, ngoi tr nhng on ang tip tc thi cngcc lp tip
theo.

Cng tc bo dng bao gm thot nc, lu ln, to hnh v cn

thit th ti nc duy tr lp mng iu kin tt. Nhng
li v dy, hn hp, thi cng, bng phng hay cht
pht sinh trong qu trnh bo dng phi c sa cha t
mc yu cu nh nu trn. Cn phi duy tr m thch
hp trn b mt ngn nga bi pht sinh bng cch phun nc.

2.

Thi cng CPD loi I - lp trn:

a.

Chun b b mt:

Lp nn thng hay lp mng di , m trn n lp mng s c thi

cng, phi c to hnh v m nn v phi c hon thin
v nghim thu vi khong cch ti thiu 150m pha trc nhng
khu vc s thi cng lp vt liu mng.

Khi lp mng trn hoc mng di c tri trc tip trn mt ng nha c, lp mt ng nha c phi c o b (sau
b i hoc ti s dng) lp mng c l ra trc khi tri vt
liu mng trn mi. Ti nhng ni m tng chiu dy cc lp
mng v lp asphalt ca kt ku tng cng ln hn 300mm v
c s ng ca K s th c th khng cn o b lp mt
nha c nhng vn cn to nhm.

b.

Ri th:

Trc khi bt u tin hnh thi cng, Nh thu s tin hnh thi
cng trn on ri th nghim. Vt liu dng ri th l loi vt
liu Nh thu s dng cho lp mng trn. Mc ch ca cng tc
ri th l xc nh y thit b thi cng, o chiu
xp trc khi lu cn thit t c chiu dy m nn ch
nh, m hin trng v mi quan h gia s ln m
nn v cht tng ng ca vt liu.

Chiu di mi on th im l 50m-100m v phi c mt

ca k s t vn.

c.

Ri lp mng trn:

31

Cp phi A s c vn chuyn t bi tp kt ra hin trng thi

cng bng t v ri ra tuyn theo tnh ton ca cn b
k thut . Dng my san san vt liu, to hnh trc khi lu ln .

Nu phi vn chuyn vt liu ngang qua lp vt liu va tri,

thit b vn chuyn phi phn b u trn khp chiu rng
lp mng va thi cng xong nhm trnh li vt ln ca bnh
xe hoc gy ra tc ng m nn khng u.

dy ti a sau khi lu ln ca mi lp mng l 150mm. Lp

mng dy hn 150mm phi c chia thnh cc lp c dy
xp x nhau, dy lu ln bt k lp no cng khng c thp
hn 75mm v khng vt qu 150mm.

d.

Phun nc , lu ln :

Ngay sau khi tng lp c ri v to hnh, mi lp phi c lu ln

k bng my lu rung 16-24T . Trc tin , dng my lu tnh hoc
my lu rung ch khng ti lu qua 1 vi lt nhm n
nh s b vt liu, trnh tnh trng vt liu b x trt trc
bnh lu. Sau tin hnh m cht vi ti trng m t thp
n cao n khi t cht yu cu.

Cng tc lu ln c tin hnh dc theo mp ngv chm ln

vai ng t nht l 0.75m, hoc cng tin st n mp ngoi
l ng cng tt v Bn v xc nh chiu rng ca lp
mng n tn mp ng, thc hin lu ln dc on ng
theo trnh t tin dn t ngoi vo trong. Trn nhng on
cong c siu cao th vic lu ln phi bt u t pha thp ln
pha cao. Phi tin hnh lu ln cho n khi khng cn mt vt
no ca xe lu li trn ng, lp vt liu phi c m nn
k.

Mi lp phi c lu ln vi cht ti thiu l 98% ca dung

trng kh ti a theo AASHTO T180. Trong qu trnh lu ln,
m phi c kim sot ng utn ton b lp m ln v
phi nm trong khong 2% gii hn ca m ti u theo quy
nh AASHTO T180 hoc phi l m c K s T vn
chp thun sau nhng ln lu ln th. Trong qu trnh thi cng
cc lp mng, vic xc nh cht phi cthc hin cho
tng lp mng theo tiu chun th nghim AASHTO T191 bng 3
th nghim trn 2000m2 mng hay cc phn thuc mng.
c chp thn, 4 trong 5 gi tr cht phi bng hoc ln
hn cht yu cu v c 5 gi tr ny phi ln hn cht
yu cu tr i 3%, cht trung bnh ca 5 th nghim ny
phi khng thp hn gi tr cht yu cu.

Vt liu qu m phi c lm kh trc v trong khi lu ln. Vic

lm kh vt liu t phi c thc hin theo phng php c K
s T vn chp thun, chi ph do nh thu chu.

Nu xy ra hin tng bt thng trn b mt trong hoc sau khi

thi cng, b mt phi c sa cha bng cch cy xi, lm
ti v b sung vt liu theo yu cu.

32

Tin hnh to hnh v lu ln ln cui trn ton b chiu rng l

ng sau khi hon tt thi cng lp mng.

e.

Bo dng :

Sau khi hon thnh thi cng, lp mng phi c bo dng cn

thn, ngoi tr nhng on ang tip tc thi cngcc lp tip
theo.

Cng tc bo dng bao gm thot nc, lu ln, to hnh v cn

thit th ti nc duy tr lp mng iu kin tt. Nhng
li v dy, hn hp, thi cng, bng phng hay cht
pht sinh trong qu trnh bo dng phi c sa cha t
mc yu cu nh nu trn. Cn phi duy tr m thch
hp trn b mt ngn nga bi pht sinh bng cch phun nc.

VI. Thi cng lp thm b tng nha:

1.

Chun b lp mng

Trc khi ri lp b tng nha phi lm sch, kh v bng phng

lp mng, x l dc ngang theo ng yu cu thit k.

Cc cng vic sa cha ch li lm v g, b vnh mt ng c nn dng hn hp nha ri ngui hoc BTN ri ngui
phi tin hnh trc khi ri lp BTN nng khng t hn 15 ngy.
Nu dng hn hp nha ri nng hoc BTN nng th cn
m ln cht ngay trc khi thi cng lp BTN.

Phi nh v v cao ri hai mp mt ng ng vi

thit k. kim tra cao bng my cao c. Khi c va hai
bn cn nh du cao ri v qut lp nha lng (hoc nh
tng) thnh va.

Khi dng my ri c b phn t ng iu chnh cao lc

ri cn chun b cn thn cc ng chun (hoc cng dy
chun tht thng, tht cng dc theo mp mt ng, hoc
t thanh dm lm ng chun, sau khi cao c chnh
xc dc theo mp mt ng v mp ca di s ri). Kim tra
cao bng my cao c.

2.

Lm lp nha thm hoc dnh bm :

a, Lp nha lt:

Cc vt liu nha (nha).

Lp nha lt u tin phi l nha lng pha long tc ng
c chm hoc trung bnh tun theo cc yu cu ca
AASHTO M 82 hoc nha nh tng cation ng kt chm
tun theo cc yu cu ca AASHTO M208. Nhit p dng
nh sau:
Loi v cp

Nhit p dng

MC 30

30 900C

MC 70

50 1000C

SC 70

50 1000C

33

25 550C

CSS 1

Bin php thi cng.

Lp nha lt phi l nha pha long tc ng c trung
bnh cp MC 30 tun theo cc yu cu ca AASHTO M82. Tuy
nhin, nu nha pha long tc ng c trung bnh cp
MC 30 khng c bn trn th trng th c th dng cp MC 70
pha vi du la theo t l c K s ph duyt.
iu kin thi tit.
Lp nha lt ch c ri khi lp b mt qua x l kh hoc
ch hi m khi thi tit khng ma.
Trnh t ti nha.

Cng nhanh cng tt ngay sau khi lp b mt s ti nha c

chun b theo quy nh trong Tiu khon 4.2.3.3 v c K s
ph duyt th phi ti lp lt u tin ln b mt theo mc t
0.8 n 1,2 lt/m2 tr khi nu khc i trong Bn v, trong Quy
nh k thut b sung hoc theo ch dn ca K s. Cng tc
ti s c tin hnh khng chm qu 12 gi sau khi lp b mt
chun b xong. Khi lng vt liu nha s dng s to ra mt
lp ph kn hon ton v hi chy thnh dng trn b mt.
Nu mc phun quy nh phun khng chnh xc th Nh thu
ngay lp tc ngng phun, thng bo cho K s bit v iu
chnh mc phun nh ch dn.

L khu vc c nh du bng ng thng hoc dy hoc

dy thp ng xung vi khong cch khng qu 15 m trn ng thng hoc 7.5 m trn ng cong.

Vt liu nha phi c phun t my phun p lc v khng cho

php s dng phun tay tr trng hp nhng khu vc nh,
hoc sa cha khu vc b khim khuyt do vi b tc.

Phi lp t vi phun c u v phi c th nghim

trc khi phun bng cch phun th vo vt liu ph hp (nh giy
xy dng, tm thp ) hoc vo mng phc v cho mc ch
ny. Th nghim khng c tin hnh trn ng v bitum trn
trn nn t phi c gt sch i.

Nu trong qu trnh phun, vi b tc hoc c sai st th phi

ngng ngay phun li v din tch cha c phun xong phi c
phun bng tay, v my c sa bt u phun lt sau.

Ti im bt u ngng phun th cc tm giy xy dng

hoc kim loi t nht rng 2 m phi c ri khp chiu rng
cn phun to ra ranh gii phun r rng.

Phi lm sch tm thp dng ti hai u ca on ti sau mi

ln ti nha v mng dng cho th nghim cng phi c lm
sch vo cui ngy lm vic.

Trong qu trnh phun tt c b va, trang b cho ng, tng

u cng, cy ci c th b nha lt lm bn do vt liu nha
bn tung to ln phi c bo v v bt k vt no m b vt

34

liu nha ti lm bn phi c lm sch bng dung mi ph hp

hoc c sa cha.

Ri vt liu thm.

Nu sau khi ti nha lt, vt liu nha khng thm trong thi
gian quy nh hoc nu ng b a vo s dng th phi
ri vt liu thm theo khi lng yu cu hp th lng nha
tha v bo v b mt lp nha lt.

Vt liu thm phi ri sao cho khng c bnh xe hoc du vt

chy trn vt liu nha t cha ph.
b, Lp nha dnh bm:

Vt liu.
Lp nha dnh bm phi l mt trong cc vt liu bitum sau:

Tn
ng dng
RC 70

Loi vt liu
Nha lng

Nhit ti

L-

50 100 0C

0.1 0.3 l/m2

80 100 0C

0.1 0.3 l/m2

20- 70 0C

0.1 0.3 l/m2

Tc ng nhanh
RC 250

Nha lng
Tc ng nhanh

CRS 2
Cation

Nha nh tng
ng kt nhanh

Cc vt liu nu trn phi tun theo tiu chun AASHTO M71

v M208-81, nu ph hp, v vt liu phi c cung cp
theo cc yu cu quy nh trong Tiu khon 4.1.2.5 ca Quy
nh k thut .
Trnh t ti:

Ngay sau khi lm sch b mt, vt liu nha phi c ti bng

xe phun theo cc mc v nhit nu trong Mc 4.3.2 ca Quy
nh k thut v c K s hng dn. Lp nha dnh bm phi
c ti ch khi b mt kh tr khi c K s ch dn khc.

B mt kt cu v cy ci gn khu vc c x l phi c bo
v theo cch c th ngn chn c nha bn vo. Khng c
thi vt liu nha vo khu vc t mn hoc rnh thot nc. K
s c th hng dn rng c th pha long nh tng vi nc sch
kim sot mc phun. Nh thu phi thanh ton chi ph cho
cng vic ny.

Khng c lp b mt trn lp nha dnh bm cho n khi

lp nha dnh bm trong iu kin lin kt ph hp c th
dnh kt c vi lp b mt. Lp nha dnh bm phi ti trc khi
ri lp b mt sao cho t c iu kin dnh bm hp l. Cho
n khi ri lp b mt, Nh thu phi bo v lp nha dnh
bm khi h hng.

3.

Vn chuyn hn hp b tng nha:

35

Dng t vn chuyn hn hp b tng nha, chn trng ti v

s lng ca t ph hp vi cng sut ca trm trn, ca my ri
v c ly vn chuyn, m bo s lin tc, nhp nhng cc
khu.

C ly vn chuyn phi chn sao cho nhit hn hp n ni

ri khng thp hn 120oC.

Thng xe phi kn, sch c qut lp mng dung dch x phng

vo y v thnh thng (hoc du chng dnh bm). Khng c dng du Ma zt hay cc dung mi bo ho c nha bi tum
qut y v thnh thng xe. Xe vn chuyn hn hp BTN
phi c bt che ph.

Mi chuyn t vn chuyn hn hp khi ri trm phi c phiu

xut xng ghi r nhit hn hp, khi lng, cht lng (nh gi
bng mt) thi im xe ri trm trn, ni xe s n, tn ngi
li xe.

Trc khi hn hp BTN vo phu my ri, phi kim tra nhit

hn hp bng nhit k, nu nhit di 120oC th phi loi
i (ch n mt cng trnh ph khc tn dng).

4.

Ri hn hp b tng nha:

Mt s vn cn chu khi thi cng lp BTN:

Ch cho php ri lp BTN khi cao mt lp mng, bng
phng, dc ngang, dc dc c sai s nm trong phm vi
cho php theo bng di y:
Cao ,mm

dc dc
hoc dc
ngang , %

+ 10
+ 10

bng
phng o
bng thc
thng ,
mm
6
6

+ 10
+ 15
+0/-50

6
10
20

+ 0.25
+ 0.50
+ 0.50

Lp

Lp o ng
Lp lin kt bn dui o
ng
Lp mng trn
Lp mng di
Nn

+ 0.25
+ 0.25

dy trung bnh cc lp mt ng bt k o 5 im trong

mt di 100m bt k khng c di 98% v cng khng qu
120% so vi dy quy nh. Ngoi ra , dy ca lp mt
ng bt k o ti bt k im no cng khng c di 95%
hoc khng c qu 125% so vi dy quy nh.

Nhit ca ct liu phi c kim sot nhit ca hn

hp khi x t trm trn ra l gia 135 v 160 0C. Nh thu phi
la chn nhit ti thiu m bo ct liu sy kh ph
hp, v nhit hn hp khi vo my tri b tng nha
phi bng hoc hi cao hn nhit quy nh.

36

Nhit m ti nha c phun vo my trng ca trm

phi t 0 n 15 0C thp hn nhit ca ct liu c un
nng.

Nhit m hn hp c tri khng c di 130 0C, hoc nhit

m K s ch th t c yu cu v lu ln.

Phi lu ln hn hp ngay sau khi n chu c trng lng ca xe lu

m khng gy ra chuyn v qu ln ca vt liu. cht ca
vt liu sau khi lu ln phi khng di 98% cht Marshall nh
xc nh t cc mu m nn hng ngy. cht phi ]c
kim tra bng li khoan ng knh 100 mm bng mi khoan
li duyt, mc c K s quy nh nhng thng xuyn
khng di 5 li khoan mi ngy bt c lc no thi cng b tng
nha, hoc khng nh hn 1 mu/100 tn.

dy trung bnh ca mt ng c tri v lu ln trong mt

ngy khng c di dy nu trong cc Bn v. dy ti
thiu ti bt k mt im no khng c qu 5 mm mng hn
dy quy nh (tr lp lm phng/b vnh). Trong trng hp
v l do tng chiu dy ca lp b tng nha thit k tng cng ti ch mng nht thp hn hoc bng 50 mm khng th
chia lm hai lp l lp b vnh v lp mt thi cng ring bit
c th c th tri ton b b tng nha tng cng thnh mt
lp v lp ny c o c v thanh ton nh lp lm phng.

Cc mu mt ng Sau khi lu ln cui v trc khi thng xe,

Nh thu phi ct cc mu t mt ng hon thin lm
th nghim. Cc mu khng c nh hn 250 mm 250 mm,
tr khi dng o dung trng ti hin trng, cc li khoan c
ng knh ti thiu 100 mm c ct bng my khoan li s c chp thun. Cc mu b tng nha c ly n su ca
lp cc v tr c K s ch nh.

Cc mu dng phn tch v cc th nghim khc phi c

ly t lp b mt khi c K s ch th bt c lc no c s thay
i c bn v cng thc trn. Nu ly cc mu t lp b mt
th phi lp li bng vt liu mi, lu ln k v hon thin theo
ca K s.

B mt ca ng hon thin phi c K s th nghim v

bng phng bng cch s dng thc thng 3.5 m. B mt s
c chp thun nu lch so vi thc thng, c t hoc
the chiu dc hoc theo chiu ngang, khng vt qu 5 mm
gia 2 im tip xc.

Cc b mt mt ng khng ph hp vi dung sai ny c th

b K s t chi . Nh thu phi bc b v tri li cc khu vc
khng c chp thun bng chi oh ca mnh.

K thut ri b tng nha :

Ch c ri BTN nng bng my chuyn dng, nhng ch hp
khng ri c bng my chuyn dng th cho php ri th cng
v tun theo cc iu khon.

37

m bo giao thng , chng ti tin hnh vic ri thm

BTN trn tng 1/2 b rng mt ng . Sau khi thng xe uc
trn phn ri thm s tin hnh nt na cn li .

Khi bt u ca lm vic, cho my ri hot ng khng ti 10

15 pht kim tra my, s hot ng ca gung xon, bng
chuyn t nng tm l. t di tm l hai con xc xc hoc
thanh g c chiu cao bng 1,2 1,3 b dy thit k ca lp
BTN. Tr s chnh xc c xc nh thng qua on thi cng
th.

t ch hn hp i li ti phu my ri, bnh xe tip xc u

v nh nhng vi hai trc ln ca my ri. Sau iu khin
cho thng ben t t hn hp xung gia phu my ri. Xe
s 0, my ri s y t t t v pha trc cng my ri.

Khi hn hp phn u dc theo bung xon ca my ri v

ngp ti 2/3 chiu cao gung xon th my ri bt u tin
v pha trc theo vt quy nh. Trong qu trnh ri lun gi
cho hn hp thng xuyn ngp 2/3 chiu cao bung xon.

Trong sut thi gian ri hn hp BTN nng, bt buc phi

thanh m ca my ri lun hot ng.

Tu b dy ca lp, tu nng sut ca my trn m chn tc

ca my ri cho thch hp. Khi nng sut ca cc trm trn thp
hn nng sut ca my ri, th chn tc ca my ri nh
gim ti thiu s ln ng i hn hp ca my ri. Gi tc
my phi tht u trong c qu trnh ri.

Phi thng xuyn dng que st nh du kim tra b dy

ri khi cn iu chnh (vi my khng c b phn t ng
iu chnh) th vn tay quay nng (hay h) tm l t t
lp BTN khi b khc.

Cui ngy lm vic my ri phi chy khng ti ra qu cui vt

ri khong 5 7m mi c ngng hot ng. Dng bn tang
nng, co st nng vun vn cho mp cui vt ri chiu
dy v thnh mt ng thng, thng gc vi trc ng.

Cui ngy lm vic phi xn b mt phn hn hp mp

ch ni tip c ngay thng v phi tin hnh ngay sau khi lu
ln xong lc hn hp cn nng nhng khng ln hn + 70oC.

Trc khi ri tip phi s sang li mp ch ni tip dc v ngang

v qut mt lp mng nha lng ng c va hay nh tng
nha ng phn tch nhanh (hoc sy nng ch ni tip bng
thit b chuyn dng) m bo s dnh kt tt gia hai
vt c v mi.

Khe ni dc lp trn v lp di phi so le nhau, cch nhau t

nht l 20cm. Khe ni ngang lp trn v lp di cch nhau t
nht l 1m. Nu lp trn l lp BTN, lp di trc tip bng vt liu
gia c xi mng th v tr khe ni ca hai lp cng tun theo
nh th.

38

Khi my ri lm vic, b tr cng nhn cm dng c theo my

lm cc vic nh sau:

T ph hn hp ht nh ly t trong phu my ri thnh lp

mng dc theo mi ni, san u cc ch li lm r ca mi
ni trc khi lu ln.

Xc o b ch mi ri b qu thiu nha hoc qu tha

nha v b vo ch hn hp tt.

Gt b b ph nhng ch li lm cc b trn lp BTN mi ri.

Trng hp my ri ang lm vic b hng ( thi gian sa cha

phi ko di hng gi) th phi bo ngay v trm trn tm
ngng cung cp hn hp v cho php dng my san t hnh san
ri nt s hn hp cn li (nu b dy ca hn hp BTN > 4cm)
hoc ri nt bng th cng khi khi lng hn hp cn li t.

Trng hp my ang ri gp ma t ngt th:

Bo ngay v trm trn tm ngng cung cp hn hp.

Khi lp BTN c lu ln n 2/3 cht yu cu th

ngng lu, san b hn hp ra khi phm vi mt ng, ch
khi no mt ng kh ro li th mi c ri hn hp tip.

Sau khi ma xong, khi cn thit thi cng gp, cho xe ch ct

c rang nng trm trn ( 170 180oC) n ri mt
lp dy 2cm ln mt chng kh ro. Sau em ct
ra khi mt ng v qut sch, ti nha dnh bm, ri
tip tc ri hn hp BTN, c th dng my hi p v n
kh lau kho mt ng trc khi ri tip.

Trn on ng c dc > 40o/oo phi tin hnh ri BTN t

chn dc i ln.

Khi ri phi bng th cng ( nhng ch hp) phi tun theo

quy nh sau:

Dng xng xc hn hp thp tay, khng c ht t xa

hn hp khng b phn tng.

Dng co v bn trang tri u thnh mt lp bng phng

t dc ngang yu cu, c b dy bng 1,35 1,45 b
dy thit k.

Ri th cng ng thi vi my ri c th lu ln chung

vt ri bng my vi ch ri bng th cng, bo m mt
ng khng c vt ni.

Khi phi ri vt ln hn vt ri ca my 40 50 cm lin tc theo

chiu di th c php m m thp bn p mt bn u
gung xon pha cn ri thm bng th cng v dng co, xng
phn phi hn hp ra u. Lc ny cn t thanh chn bng
g hoc thanh ray (c chiu cao bng b dy ri) dc theo
mp ng v ng cc st gi cht. Sau khi lu ln vi lt th
di chuyn cc thanh chn ny ln pha trc theo my ri.

5.

Lu ln hn hp b tng nha

39

S lu ln tc lu ln, s phi hp cc loi lu, s ln lu ln

qua mt im ca tng loi lu t c cht yu cu,
c xc nh theo on th.

Lu ln cc lp mt ng BTN ri nng bng:

Lu bnh hi phi hp vi lu bnh cng.

Lu rung v lu bnh cng phi hp.

Lu rung v lu bnh hi phi hp.

My ri BTN xong n u l my lu phi tin hnh theo st

lu ngay n . Cn tranh th lu ln khi hn hp cn gi
nhit lu ln c hiu qu. Nhit hiu qu nht khi lu
ln hn hp BTN nng l 130 140oC. Khi nhit ca lp BTN
h xung di 70oC th lu ln khng c hiu qu na.

Trong qu trnh lu, i vi bnh st phi thng xuyn lm m

bnh st bng nc. Khi hn hp dnh bm bnh xe lu phi dng
xng co ngay v bi t mt bnh. Mt khc dng hn hp ht
nh lp ngay ch b bc ra.

i vi lu bnh hi, dng du chng dnh bm bi bnh lp vi lt

u v sau khi lp c nhit cao xp x vi hn hp th
hn hp s khng dnh bm vo lp na.

Khng c dng du Ma zt bi vo bnh xe lu chng dnh

bm.

Khng c dng nc bi vo bnh lp ca lu bnh hi.

Vt bnh lu phi chng ln nhau t nht l 20cm. Trng hp ri

theo phng php so le, khi lu ln trn vt ri th nht, cn cha
li mt di rng khong 10cm k t mp vt ri, sau
cng lu vi mp ca vt ri th hai, cho khe ni dc c lin. Khi
lu ln vt th 2 th dnh nhng lt lu u tin cho mi ni dc
ny.

Khi my lu khi ng, i hng tin, li phi thao tc nh

nhng. My lu khng c li trn lp BTN cha lu ln cht v
cha ngui hn.

Sau mt lt lu u tin phi kim tra phng bng thc 3m,

b khuyt ngay nhng ch li lm.

Trong khi lu ln nu thy lp BTN b nt n th phi tm nguyn

nhn b khuyt.

6.

Bo v mt ng.

Phi bo v cc on ng va mi hon thin trnh giao

thng i li cho n khi hn hp ngui xp x bng nhit
khng kh xung quanh. Thng thng khng c php i li
trn b mt va mi tri di 6 ting ng h sau khi hon
thnh mt ng tr khi c K s cho php.

VII. Cng tc lt gch Block:

40

Cng tc lt gch phi tun theo tiu chun TCVN 4085-85 Kt

cu gch Quy phm thi cng nghim thu.

Trc khi lt phi dn v sinh sch s kim tra li ct mt nn

hin trng, Lu ln nn t m cht K = 0,98 Ri mt lp
dm 2x4 kp va xi mng mc 50, sau ri mt lp ct en
dy 3cm san gt bng phng theo cao thit k.

Xc nh dc yu cu theo thit k.

Kim tra cht lng ca gch v mu, cong vnh. Nu khng

m bo th loi b.

Dng ba g hoc ba cao su g nh ln vin gch cc vin

gch c kht nhau.

Trong qu trnh lt phi thng xuyn kim tra mt phng.

VIII.Thi cng k mi taluy on tuyn nhnh.

1.

Trnh t v bin php thi cng

Chun b mt bng: Cng tc o, xy c, dt cp, p t

theo mi ta luy 1/2 , tun th theo tiu chun thi cng v
nghim thu cng tc t. Khi o thi cng ch o ng
nh h s thit k m bo bt ng thm t lp m ct.

Chun b mt bng v tin hnh tm BTXM mc 150 c

sn kch thc, s lng chng loi theo h s thit k c
duyt. Tun th theo tiu chun thi cng v nghim thu cng
tc b tng.

Thi cng k, p mi ta luy dng bin php p t vng

vy thi cng v on ny sng Lam i st chn .

Kt hp thi cng c gii v th cng, cc cu kin c sn c

th t mua ti cc cng xng hoc sn xut tp trung dng
cng xng ho.

o t xy dng k chn, b tng k thi cng c gii kt

hp th cng.

2.

Cc yu cu thi cng

Tiu chun p dng: TCVN 4085 - 1985, TCVN 4459 1987 Hng dn pha trn v s dng va trong xy dng.

Cp phi va xy phi xc nh theo tiu chun 14 TCN 80

90.

IX. Cng tc trng c:

Cc vng c c chn lc, nh thnh vng c chiu dy ti

thiu l 10cm m bo c sng tt v vn chuyn n
bng phng tin, cc vng c c lt theo kiu hoa th nu
khu vc khng c nhiu c, khong cch gia cc vng theo
thit k.

Vng c c ghim cht xung t bng cc que tre nhn va

chng x dch, va chng tru b dm p ln c khi c cha
bn.

41


X.

Nu thi tit nng nng Nh thu s thu nhn lc a phng ti cho c m bo c mc tt, pht trin nhanh.

Cng tc thi cng bin bo.

Thi cng hoc ch to v lp t cc tiu, bin bo hiu v

cc on cc dn hng phi ng nh nu trn cc bn v
thit k v ng theo yu cu.

Cc bin bo hiu ng b, cc tiu v cc cc dn hng khc

phi t thng ng, ng v tr v cao quy nh
v phi m bo lun c chc chn ti ch.

Mt l ngoi ca cc mc lm xong u phi ging nhau,

kt cu nhn phng, khng c cc vt l, vt nt v pavia
cc g. Cc cc mc c sn khng c chuyn ti cng trnh
khi b tng cha t cng yu cu.

Tt c cc bin bo hiu giao thng va mi lp dng phi c

bo v v che ph kn cho ti khi c php ca T vn gim st
cho tho d cc tm ph .

XI. Cng tc thi cng sn k mt ng.

Chun b mt ng: Vt liu do nhit v sn ch c php

thi cng khi mt ng hon ton sch s v kh ro. Lp lt ph
v t l s dng phi theo ngh ca nh sn xut vt liu
do nhit v c s ph duyt ca B GTVT.

Chun b vt liu: Nhit ca hn hp phi mc quy nh

ca nh sn xut v khng cho php qu nhit ti a do
nh sn xut nu ra.

Nh thu phi hng dn ngi i ng, xe c v s i li ca

cc thit b thi cng khc tip gip vi khu vc ang thi cng
trnh cc h hi hoc lm bin dng hoc sn. Trong sut
qu trnh thi cng phi bo qun cc bin bo hiu v c cc
tn hiu bo trc v c cc ch dn giao thng mt cch hp l.

B. Bin php thi cng cu :

I.

Cc cng trnh ph tr.

a.

Thi cng ng trnh, cu tm :

Cu tm v ng trnh s dng m bo s thng sut

giao thng trn ng trong sut thi gian thi cng. Cn c vo
phng n thi cng, Nh thu d kin s lm cu tm v ng
trnh m bo giao thng. Cu tm v ng trnh c b tr
v pha h lu v tr xy dng cu mi tng chiu di cu tm
ng trnh l 100m. Mt ng trnh c ri cp phi dm
dy 10cm, ta luy nn ng c dc 1:1, b rng mt ng
xe chy rng 3.5m (xem bn v cu tm ng trnh).

Cu tm v ng trnh m bo an ton v tin li. Trc khi thi

cng Nh thu s trnh thit kt ln K s t vn t vn chp
thun.

42

Vic thi cng cu tm v ng trnh c tun th theo ng

yu cu k thut c quy nh trong h s thu.

Sau khi hon thnh Hp ng, cu tm v ng trnh s c

d b, tr trng hp c ch dn khc ca K s t vn t vn. Ngoi
ra Nh thu s c trch nhim phc hi li hin trng theo s hng dn v chp thun ca K s t vn t vn.

Trc khi thi cng Nh thu s trnh ln K s t vn t vn cc

bn v chi tit v cu tm v ng trnh bao gm hng tuyn,
mt nghing, mt ct ngang, thi cng mt ng v bng
hiu.

Nh thu s bo dng nn ng, cc kt cu v mt ng cho

n khi hon thnh v c chp thun v tt c cc hng mc
cng vic thuc Hp ng. Vic bo dng s bao gm tt c cc
cng vic sa cha theo yu cu gi cho cu tm v ng
trnh trong iu kin tt, an ton, tin li.
b.

(xem bn v b tr mt bng).
c.

II.

Cung cp h thng in v nc :

Nh thu s lin h vi a phng khu vc thi cng

d.

B tr khu ln tri, vn phng v cc trang thit b ca Nh

thu:

ng cng v v bi c dm.

Thi cng p t ng hai u cu n cao kt hp lm

ng cng v, on u cu pha n ng Hong Mi c
p ni rng thm v pha thng lu dng lm bi c dm v
cc BTCT. Mt bi c m mt lp dm dy 10cm m
cht trn mt bi c lng 5cm va xi mng mc 75.

Thi cng m.
Trnh t thi cng bao gm cc bc nh sau:

p t san i mt bng thi cng n cao

Xc nh v tr tim m.

ng cc th xc nh chiu di cc.

Lp dng gi ba ng cc 40x40cm n cao thit k

Dng my, kt hp th cng o t h mng n cao

y mng.

ng vn c Larsen ngn nc , o sa h mng .

b tng bt y , p u cc .

Lp dng vn khun b tng b v thn m.

Thi cng phn chn khay t nn m.

Ch b tng b v thn m t cng , lp dng gio

vn khun b tng tng cnh m.

b tng x m m.

43

p t sau m.

Thi cng bn dn v hon thin m.

III. Thi cng tr.

Trnh t thi cng bao gm cc bc nh sau:

Tp kt vt liu thit b thi cng tr.

Xc nh v tr tr.

Lp h phao ni LPP v gi ba, vn chuyn vo v tr thi

cng.

ng cc BTCT 40x40cm n cao thit k (cc c c

trn bi c v vn chuyn bng xe gong n b sng dng
cn cu vn chuyn tip xung phao ni a n v tr
ng cc, chiu di vn chuyn cc trn xe gong trung bnh
50m).

ng vn c Larsen ngn nc , bm nc v o t

b tng bt y , p u tr

Lp t ct pha mng m v b tng mng

Lp t ct pha v h dn YUKM

b tng thn tr.

Ch b tng i tr t cng tin hnh tho d vn khun

v hon thin tr.

IV. Thi cng thng b.

Bn dm c c ti bi c pha n ng Hong Mi.

Dm c vn chuyn t bi c dm tp kt ra v tr thun li
bng hai ng ray .

Lm ng lao dc dm trn b bng ray P38 t trn t vt

g 20x22x160cm k trn nn ng, khong cch cc t vt
0,8m, khong cch cc ray o,7m, ng lao dm gm 2 ray P38.

ng lao dc trn nhp bng 2 ray P38 c t trn h dm

lao bng I500.

H dm dc gm 4 dm I500 khong cch cc dm l 1m,

c lin kt bng h dm ngang. Cc dm ngang cch
nhau 3m.

Lin kt gia g ngang v dm I500 bng bu lng mc

D22, L=1900cm.

Dm sau khi c cu lp ln ng lao u cu c tin hnh

lao dc trn cc con ln thp D80, L=1400mm.

Tc lao dc khng qu 0,5m/1 pht.

Sau khi lao n v tr, cc dm c sng ngang ng v tr

thit k. Sau khi lao xong nhp 1 tin hnh lao nhp 2 ri mi
n cc nhp cn li.

44

V.

Phn mt cu bao gm bn mt cu, lan can, khe co gin, lp

ph c thi cng ti ch sau khi lp t xong h dm ch.

Sau khi b tng 10h bt u bo dng b tng ln tc

trong sut 14 ngy bng cch ti m thng xuyn.

Cc bin php thi cng chi tit

a.

Bi c v cha dm, cc BTCT

Bi c dm v cc BTCT b tr v pha thng lu bn pha n
ng Hong Mi. Mt bi c m mt lp dm dy 10cm
m cht trn mt bi c lng 5cm va xi mng mc 75.
Di cng l nn t c m cht.

Xung quanh b c dm v bi cha dm c rnh thot nc

mt.
b.

Vn khun dm
Vn khun dm c gia cng v ch to trong kho xng sau
em ti cng trng lp rp. V vn khun lm bng tn dy
5mm v h thng khung xng bng L75x75 v L100x100.
Gia cc mnh vn khun khi lp rp vi nhau, c giong cao su
m bo kn ca vn khun. Trc khi em vo s
dng, phi nghim thu vn khun bng cch lp dng hon
chnh vn khun sut chiu di dm. nc vo vn khun
kim tra kn kht, cn kch thc hnh hc th kim
tra bng thc thp v my o c.

c.

Thi cng dm BTCT.

1. S b tr dy chuyn cng ngh (xem s 1):

2. Cc kt cu ph tr c bit thi cng cc dm bn BTCT
- DL ko trc L = 15m:
+ B cng thp cng cao dm bn L = 15 m
+ Vn khun c dm bn L = 15 m
Ch to b v vn khun:
1. Khi ch to b v vn khun phi m bo cc yu cu sau
y:
-

Sai s cho php khi nn, hn phi ph hp vi quy trnh gia cng
ch tao thp. Ch tip gip cc bn tn cc l inh lp rp phi
mi nhn, phng, kn kht.

Sau khi gia cng xong cc chi tit b cng v cc on vn khun,

mi hn phi c mi nhn, mt vn khun phi phng v nhn.

Mt lin kt gia b neo v thanh chng phi phng gc, m

bo t kht khi xit cht cc bu lng lin kt.

Pha ngoi vn khun phi c sn 2 lp chng r v mt lp sn

ph.
2. B cng sau khi ch to phi c th ti vi cc ni dung:
a. Lp rp t hp cc chi tit hon chnh thnh b cng ct thp
CC.

45

b. Tin hnh kch th tI b cng vi lc kch bng 1,1 lc kch

yu cu ca cc tm bn (kch ln lt theo trnh t cng cc
tao cp CC ca dm bn c th):
-

Vi b cng L = 15 m dng 26 tao cp 12,7 mm kch cng vi

lc kch mi tao 1,112,8 = 14,08 tn

c. Tt c cc tao cp s dng cho kch th ti b cng khng c

php s dng li cho cng tc ch to bn BTCT.
d. Trc khi cng cc tao cp n lc cng 14,08 tn tt c cc si
cp u phi cng vi lc cng 1,4 tn (10% lc) so dy v
o c ly s liu ban u v kch thc hnh hc ca b.
e. Sau khi kch xong 13 tao th tin hnh kim tra cc mi lin
kt cu b cng. Sau c cng xong 2 b phi kim tra li
mt ln. Qu trnh kim tra nu pht hin c s c phi
ngng ngay tm nguyn nhn v bin php x l.
f.

o c bin dng tng th theo chiu dc b cng khng c

vt qu 0,5 mm.

3. B cng sau khi th ti xong c nh gi m bo yu cu

thit k mi c php a vo s dng.
Lp dng vn khun:
1. Trc khi lp phi kim tra kch thc, cong vnh v x k nu
qu sai s cho php.
2. Lp rp cc vn khun y:
-

Vn khun y phi c t trn cc b b tng v cc g

m t thit. B khng c c hin tng ln cc b trong qu
trnh thi cng.

Phi c mc cao gi nh kim tra ln ca nn. t

nn ca b phi m ln K 95.

Khi lp rp vn khun y phi m bo bng phng. Kch

thc m bo yu cu sau:

+
Trong phm vi 1 m chiu di, cao mt phng nh vn
khun y khng chnh lch qu 2 mm. Trong sut ton b chiu
di vn khun y, cao im bt k khng chnh lch qu
5 mm. Chnh lch cao 2 cnh dc bn khng qu 2 mm.
-

Chiu di o c theo ng tim v 2 cnh khng sai s qu (+

4 mm) v (- 1mm).

3. Lp dng vn khun thnh bn:

-

Ch c lp dng vn khun thnh khi vn khun y c

nghim thu m bo yu cu k thut.

Sau khi lp hon chnh vn khun, o kim tr bng thc

thp 20 m m bo sai s:

+
Khong cch mt trong 2 vn khun u m bo + 4 mm,
- 1 ,,.
+

b rng cho php + 1 mm cc b khng vt qu 2 mm.

46

4. m bo kn nc trong qu trnh b tng, mt

tip xc cc mi ni ca cc on vn khun, gia vn khun
tthnh v vn khun u phi c zong cao su.
Sai s cho php vn khun theo bng:
Tn sai s

Sai s cho php

(mm)

Sai s cho php b phn vn khun:

+ Sai s v chiu di, rng ng ch vn
khun

+1

Trn 1 md

+2

Trn ton b chiu di on

+1

Cc l lin kt cht bu lng

+2

g gh cc b cc b mt

+ Sai s lp dng vn khun y

+1

+2

Cao nh vn y trong phm vi 1

md

Cao nh trong ton b chiu di vn

khun y

+2

Chnh cao 2 m vn y

lch tim dc

+ Sai s v lp dng vn khun thnh

+2
+2
+4 1

thng ng vn khun thnh

thng ng vn khun u

+1

Khong cch gia 2 mt vn khun u

+2

Chiu rng (khong cch gia hai mt

trong vn khun thnh)

+2

Kim tra ng cho b khun c

Sai lch trc dc b vn khun so vi thit

k

3. Chun b lp t v cng ko thp CC:

Cch ch to v lp t thp CC:
+ Ct cp 12,7 ly phi s dng my ct chuyn dng. C th dng
ca bnh mi. Khng cho php dng xi t n hoc que hn
ct cp.
+ Vi dm nhp L =15 m gm 26 tao, mi tao di 17 m v lp
t theo ng thit k.
+ u cc tao cp sau khi ct xong dng thp 1 ly cun cht 5
vng chng h cp.
+ Cc tao cp 12,7 ly trc v sau khi t vo v tr khng c
dnh bi bn, du m, khng c lm xy xt bin dng, c
che ma, nng.

47

+ Lun cc tao cp vo neo cng tc, qua dm kch vo v tr lp

t trong vn khun bng phng php th cng.
Cng ko cp CC:
1. Kch cng ko.
-

Kch cng ko thp s dng loi IKD 18Q do Trung Quc ch

to. kch phi tin hnh kim nh trc khi vo s dng.
Kch v ng h p lc phi kim tra ng b. chnh xc
ca ng h p lc khng thp hn 1,5%.

kch cng ko phi c ngi chuyn trch s dng, qun l v

thng xuyn bo dng, mh k kim nh. C su thng
hoc 200 lt cng ko haykhi xut hin nhng hin tng khng
bnh thng th phi kim nh li anh gi kh nng
lm vic ca kch.

2. B neo.
-

B neo c ra sch bng xng v lau kh bng gi sch trc khi

s dng trnh tt cp trong qu trnh cng ko, trc v
qu trnh b tng bn.

Neo ch thng s dng mt ln, trong trng hp s dng li

nhiu ln phi a i ko kim tra kh nng gi cp ca neo
v c s ng ca cp c thm quyn.

3. Khng ch ng sut cng ko.

a. Phng php cng ko v ng sut khng ch trong CC phi
ph hp yu cu thit k. Khi cng ko nu cn phi ko vt
th ng sut ko vt ln nht khng c vt qu 75% cng
ca thp CC.
b. Khi dng phng php khng ch ng sut cng ko thp cng cao phi ly tr s gin d st hch. Chnh lch
tr s gin di l thuyt vi tr s gin di thc t khng qu
5%. Nu lc ko vt qu 5% m gin di cha t th phi
tm ngng cng ko lm r nguyn nhn, c bin
php x l v sau khi iu chnh mi c cng ko tip.
4. Phng php cng ko cng cao.
a. Trc khi cng ko cn kim tra cc ni dung sau:
+
Kim tra chng ch ca cp v neo, chng ch kim nh
kch v ng h p lc ng b cng vi kch.
+

Kim tra h thng neo gi thanh neo.

+
kim tra thit b v h thng m bo an ton trong khu
vc kch.
b. Phng php cng:
-

Vi cc dm bn nhp L = 15 m cng trc cho php thc hin

cng ko to d ng lc mt u tao cp.

c. Trnh t cng theo s sau:

48

25

26

19 21 23
1

24
7

11 13 15

17

22 20 18
16 14 12 10 8

Trnh t ko , nh tao cp i xng qua tim dm, t nhng

tao t trong ra ngoi. Ln lt cng cc nhm si cp t si cp t s
15, 16 n s 26.
d. Qu trnh ko cng khng cho php c tao t, tao tut, nu
c th phi thay tao khc v cng ko li t u ca tao cp
.
e. Quy nh cng v gin di:
-

Lc ko cng trong mi tao cp 12,7 ly cho bn L = 15 m thit

k l 12,8 T = NKT

im khng ca gin di cp lc 10% NTK = 1,28 T

gin di ca mi tao o bng si thc thp, nh du im

u cp lc 12.8 T, khi cng n lc kim tra NKT = 12,8 T
gin di tnh ton l L = 15,05 cm

Sai s cho php khi ko xong: V lc + 5% NTK

V gin di + 5% L

4. Gia cng lp dng ct thp thng v cc chi tit chn sn

trong b tng
Ct thp phi c gia cng lp dng ng n thit k v ph hp vi
tiu chun Vit nam TCVN 4453 87.
Ct thp thng ch to bn L = 15 m phi m bo tnh nng quy
nh ca tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 1650 85. mt s tiu chun chnh
ca thp quy nh theo bng di y:
Tnh nng thp cn nng TCVN 1651 85 :
Nhm
thp

ng
knh
(mm)

Gii hn
chy
Kg/cm2

bn t gin di t- Th nghim un
Kg/cm2
ng i %
ngui
c = di lc
un

Khng nh hn

d = ng knh
AI

6 40

2.200

3.800

25

e = 0.5 (180)

AII

10 40

3.000

5.000

19

e = 3d

49

Ct thp trc khi gia cng phi m bo tiu chun k thut sau:
Hnh dng mc un ct thp theo ng bn v trin khai thi cng, ch
c un ngui thp. Sau khi un phi kim tra cc sai lch, khng c vt qu cc quy nh bng di y:
Cc loi sai lch

Sai s cho php

(mm)

Sai lch kch thc theo chiu di :

a. Trn 1 md

+5

b. Trn ton b chiu di

+20

+ Sai lch v tr im un

+ 20

+ Sai lch gc un ct thp

30

Ni ct thp.
Khi lp dng ct thp phi m bo ng trnh t quy nh. Tt c
ct thp ai phi t trc vo khun trc khi lun cc si cp CC. Sai s
v lp dng khung ct thp trong khung khng c vt qu quy nh
bng 3.
Ch to v lp t kt cu trong bn phi chnh xc v lin kt chc
chn. Dng thc thp 30 cm kim tra mt phng theo cc chiu v v
tr.
m bo chiu dy tng phng h gia ct thp v vn khun s
dng cc vin m k b tng c chiu dy bng chiu dy tng phng
h quy nh trong thit k vin m c kch thc 25 mm 25 mm v
ru thp 1 ly lin kt vo ct thp chu lc.
Mc b tng vin m 360 Kg/cm2.
Sai s khi lp dng ct thp :
T
T

Tn sai lch

Sai lch cho php

(mm)

+ 10

Sai lch gia cc thanh ct thp chu

lc

Sai lch v khong cch ct thp ai

+ 15

thng ng ct thp

+5

Sai lch tng phng h

+10

+ 10

Sai lch v kt cu chn trong bn v

cc bn ch
5. Ch to hn hp b tng.
Pha trn hn hp b tng.
1. Chn thnh phn hn hp b tng phi tho mn cc yu cu
sau:
+ Co ngt v t bin.
+ Lng to nhit t.

50

+ Tnh nhuyn tt, khi rung khng phn tng.

+ hiu qu kinh t cao
2. T l pha trn do phng th nghim quyt nh, nhng phi ph
hp vi tiu chun k thut sau:
+ Lng tiu th xi mng 500 Kg/m3
+ T l nc/ xi mng (N/X) < 0,4
+ st SN < 8 cm
+ S dng ph gia ho 163 EX hoc R4 ca hng Sika m
bo st yu cu liu lng theo hng dn s dng v theo th
nghim. C quyt nh cho php s dng ca Vin KH B GT.
+ S dng ph gia chuyn dng chng n mn sun pht do nc
mn.
c mu th nghim.
-

Trc khi b tng bn nht thit phi thit k v c mu

th nghim, xc nh cp phi b tng.

kch thc mu th nghim 15 cm 15 cm 15 cm.

Mu th nghim p kim tra cc tui R3 ngy, R14 ngy v

R28 ngy. mu th nghim phi tun th quy trnh hin hnh
Vit Nam.

Cng mu th nghim thit k mc phi t 120% cng

b tng theo quy nh thit k mi c s dng t phi ny
ch to dm.

Cng tc chun b
Cng tc kim tra trc khi b tng theo cc ni dung sau:
+ Cn c vo chng ch th nghim ct, , xi mng, nc.
+ Kim tra dm, ct, ngun nc v khi lng v cht lng
6. b tng dm.

B tng dm l b tng M300, c trn ti trm trn 20m3/h

t ti bi c dm.

Trc khi BT dm, nh thu s mi KSTV kim tra trm trn

b tng, trn th mu p kim tra cng v son ra mt chng trnh b tng dm KSTV duyt.

b tng bng cn cu 25T kt hp vi gu b tng hoc my

bm b tng.

m b tng bng cc loi m di c ng knh thch hp. Cc

m di c ng knh t 20 30mm c s dng khi b
tng bu v sn dm. Khi b tng ln mt th dng m
c ng knh t 40 60mm, ngoi ra cn c cc m rung
bn ngoi.

b tng dm theo tng lp, mi lp khong 40cm, ht c

chiu di ca dm.

51

Sau khi b tng xong, tin hnh bo dng b tng v ch b

tng cng dng cu nhc dm ra khi vn khun tp kt
vo bi c v tin hnh c dm tip theo.

Tt c cc cng tc ct thp, vn khun, b tng u dng

cu 16-25T phc v.

Cng tc nhc dm v khi b c dng 2 cu 25T 2 u

thc hin.

d.

c cc BTCT

Tin hnh c cc th, ng cc th th nghim ti trng cc

c s ph chun ca K s t vn. Vt liu ct thp v b tng phi
tun theo cc yu cu trong qui nh k thut. Tin hnh c cc di s gim st ca K s t vn ti bi c (xem bn v b tr mt bng).
o Trnh t c 1 cc:

Ct thp c lp sn thnh khung.

Lm sch vn khun.

t ct thp vo vn khun.

Kim tra vn khun, ct thp.

Tin hnh b tng cc.

o Kim tra cc ti ni sn xut gm cc khu sau y:
a) Vt liu :

Chng ch xut xng ca ct thp, xi mng; kt qu th

nghim kim tra mu thp, v ct liu ct, (si), xi mng, nc theo cc tiu chun hin hnh;

Cp phi b tng;

Kt qu th nghim mu b tng;

ng knh ct thp chu lc;

ng knh, bc ct ai;

Li thp tng cng v vnh thp b u cc;

Mi hn ct thp ch vo vnh thp;

S ng u ca lp b tng bo v;
b) Kch thc hnh hc :

S cn xng ca ct thp trong tit din cc;

Kch thc tit din cc;

vung gc ca tit din cc u cc vi trc;

chm u n ca mi cc;

Khng dng cc on cc c sai lch v kch thc vt qu

quy nh trong bng sau, v cc on cc c vt nt rng hn
0.2 mm. su vt nt gc khng qu 10 mm, tng din

52

tch do lm, st gc v r t ong khng qu 5% tng din

tch b mt cc v khng qu tp trung.
sai lch cho php v kch thc cc
TT

Kch thc cu to

sai lch cho

php

Chiu di on cc, m

Kch thc cnh (ng knh ngoi) tit

din ca cc c (hoc rng gia)

+ 5 mm

Chiu di mi cc

30 mm

cong ca cc (li hoc lm)

10 mm

vng ca on cc

1/100 chiu di t
cc

lch mi cc khi tm

10 mm

Gc nghing ca mt u cc vi mt
phng thng gc trc cc:

10

30 mm

- cc tit din a gic

nghing 1%

- cc trn

nghing 0.5%

Khong cch t tm mc treo n u

on cc

50 mm

lch ca mc treo so vi trc cc

20 mm

10 Chiu dy ca lp b tng bo v

5 mm

11 Bc ct thp xon hoc ct thp ai

10 mm

12 Khong cch gia cc thanh ct thp ch

10 mm

13 ng knh cc rng

5 mm

14 Chiu dy thnh l

5 mm

15 Kch thc l rng so vi tim cc

5 mm

e.

ng cc b tng 40x40 bng ba 2,5T :

Tu theo nng lc trang thit b hin c, iu kin a cht

cng trnh, quy nh ca Thit k v chiu su h cc v
chi quy nh Nh thu c th la chn thit b h cc ph
hp. Nguyn tc la chn ba nh sau:
a) c nng lng h cc n chiu su thit k vi chi
quy nh trong thit k, xuyn qua cc lp t dy k c tng
kp cng;
b) gy nn ng sut ng khng ln hn ng sut ng cho php
ca cc hn ch kh nng gy nt cc;

53

c) tng s nht p hoc tng thi gian h cc lin tc khng c vt qu gi tr khng ch trong thit k ngn nga hin
tng cc b mi;
d) chi ca cc khng nn qu nh c th lm hng u ba.

La chn ba ng cc theo kh nng chu ti ca cc trong

thit k v trng lng cc. Nng lng cn thit ti thiu ca
nht ba p E c xc nh theo cng thc:
E = 1.75 a P
trong :

(1)

E - Nng lng p ca ba, kGm;

a - h s bng 25 kG.m/tn

P - kh nng chu ti ca cc, tn, quy nh trong

thit k.
Loi ba c chn vi nng lng nht p Ett phi tho mn iu
kin:
Qn q
k
E tt

trong :

(2)

k - h s quy nh trong bng 2;

Qn - trng lng ton phn ca ba, kG;
q - trng lng cc (gm c trng lng m v m u

cc), kG
i vi ba i--zen, gi tr tnh ton nng lng p ly bng:
i vi ba ng

Ett = 0.9 QH

i vi ba cn

Ett = 0.4 QH

Q - trng lng phn p ca ba, kG;

H - chiu cao ri thc t phn p ba khi ng giai
on cui, i vi ba ng H= 2.8 m; i vi ba cn c
trng lng phn p l 1250, 1800 v 2500 kG th H tng
ng l 1.7; 2 v 2.2 m.
Bng 2- H s chn ba ng
Loi ba

H s k

Ba i--zen kiu ng v song ng

Ba n ng v i--zen kiu cn

Ba treo

Khi cn phi ng xuyn qua cc lp t cht nn dng cc ba

c nng lng p ln hn cc tr s tnh ton theo cc cng
thc (1) v (2), hoc c th dng bin php khoan dn trc khi
ng hoc bin php xi nc.
Khi chn ba ng cc xin nn tng nng lng p tnh theo
cng thc (1) vi h s k1 cho trong bng 3.

54

Bng 3- H s chn ba ng cc xin

nghing ca cc

H s k1

5:1

1.1

4:1

1.15

3:1

1.25

2:1

1.4

1:1

1.7

Khi ng cc bng ba phi dng m cc v m g ph hp vi

tit din ngang ca cc. Cc khe h gia mt bn ca cc v
thnh m cc mi bn khng nn vt qu 1 cm.

Khi thi cng cc vng sng nc nn tin hnh khi sng khng
cao hn cp 2. Cc phng tin ni cn c neo gi chc
chn.

Trong qu trnh h cc cn ghi chp nht k theo mu in sn.

ng 520 cc u tin cc im khc nhau trn khu vc

xy dng phi tin hnh cn thn c ghi chp s nht ba cho
tng mt chiu su v ly chi cho lot ba cui cng. Nh
thu nn dng th nghim phn tch sng ng sut trong
cc( PDA) kim tra vic la chn ba v kh nng ng
ca ba trong cc iu kin xc nh( t nn, ba,
cc...)

Vo cui qu trnh ng cc khi chi gn t ti tr s

thit k th vic ng cc bng ba n ng phi tin
hnh tng nht d theo di chi cho mi nht; khi ng
bng ba hi song ng cn phi o ln ca cc, tn s
p ca ba v p lc hi cho tng pht; khi dng ba di--zen
th chi c xc nh t tr trung bnh ca lot 10 nht
sau cng.

Cc khng t chi thit k th cn phi ng b

kim tra sau khi c ngh theo quy nh. Trong trung hp
chi khi ng kim tra vn ln hn chi thit k th T
vn v Thit k nn cho tin hnh th tnh cc v hiu chnh
li mt phn hoc ton b thit k mng cc.

Trong giai on u khi ng cc bng ba n ng nn

ghi s nht ba v cao ri ba trung bnh cc i c
1m; khi dng ba hi th ghi p lc hi trung bnh v thi gian
cc i c 1m v tn s nht p trong mt pht. chi
phi o vi chnh xc ti 1mm.

chi kim tra c o cho 3 lot ba cui cng. i vi ba

n v ba i--zen th mt lot l 10 nht; i vi ba hi
th mt lot l s nht ba trong thi gian 2 pht; i vi ba
rung 1 lot cng l thi gian ba lm vic trong 2 pht.

55

Thi gian ngh ca cc trc khi ng kim tra ph thuc vo

tnh cht cc lp t xung quanh v di mi cc nhng khng
nh hn:
o 3 ngy khi ng qua t ct;
o 6 ngy khi ng qua t st.

Cu to m cc:
o M cc c vai tr rt quan trng trong cng tc thi cng cc
ng, va m bo cho cc khng b nt, v, m cn gi
cho sab ca ba khng b h hi. Thng thng cc c s sn
xut ba u cung cp ng b c gin ba cng loi m
cc tng ng. Tuy nhin, trong iu kin nc ta cha ch to
c dn ba, c th thay th m cc ch sn bng cch t
gia cng bng hn. Ph lc gii thiu cc thnh phn cu to
chnh ca m cc c th gia cng c m cc khi cn
thit.
o Khi ng cc bng ba hi n ng v ba i--zen kiu
ng nn dng m cc dng ch H c hoc hn c khoang
trn v khoang di. Khi ng cc bng ba i--zen kiu cn
v ba hi song ng c th dng m cc dng ch U ch
c mnh khoang di( xem hnh v).
o M cc phi c l tai hoc vng treo ngoc vo u
ba trong t th thng ng bng cp. Khoang trn thng c
dng hnh trn su 100 150 mm cho ba hi v 200300
mm cho ba i--zen. Khoang trn cha gim chn gim
ti trng ng ln ba cng nh ln chnh m cc. ng knh
khoang trn thng rng hn ng knh sab ca ba
khong 10 15 mm hoc khng nh hn kch c ngoi ca
ba hi.
o Gim chn trn thng c lm t cc loi g cng (si, thng,
sn, tu, lt...) ct dc th, t vung gc chun vi trc
chnh. B dy ca tm gim chn trn ph thuc vo trng lng phn p ca ba; vi ba i--zen kiu ng c trng lng phn p l 1250, 1800, 2500, 3500, 5000 kG th chiu
dy m khng nh hn tng ng l 150, 200, 200, 250,
300 mm; vi ba hi khng nh hn 250 300 mm.
o Nghim cm vic dng tm gim chn trn b gip nt, c
th xy ra nht p trc tip ca ba vo m thp.

56

a)

1
2

b)

S m cc
1
5

9
8
7

4
3
5
6

7
8

c)

d)
10

1
4
5
6
8

b) Cho ba iezen kiu cn

c) Cho ba hi n ng

d) ng cc ng BTCT

1 - Ba; 2 - Khoang trn; 3 - Gim trn trn; 4 - Vnh trn

1

a) Cho ba iezen kiu ng

11

5 - Vch ngang; 6 - Vnh d i; 7 - Gim chn d i;

4
5
6
7
8

8 - Khoang d i; 9 - ai; 10 - L c trong

gim chn trn d i u ba; 11 - Li nn tr

f.

Cng tc cp pha b tng thng thng:

S dng cp pha g dy 3.0 cm hoc ct pha thp thi cng

ng theo TCVN 4453-87.

S dng ph gia Sika qut ln b mt vn chng dnh b

tng.

S dng ph gia chng thm KOVA CT-11 trm kn k h cp

pha chng mt nc b tng cng nh chng nc ngm t bn
ngoi xm nhp vo nu c.

Yu cu:

Ct pha ng hnh dng, kch thc thit k.

m bo kn, khng cong vnh.

D tho lp, khng nh hng n h hi cho b tng khi tho d.

Kim tra chnh xc ca ct pha so vi thit k.

Kim tra cng, bn vng ca ct pha.

g gh gia cc tm vn < 3mm

Sai lch mt phng cp pha v cc ng giao nhau so vi

chiu thng ng hoc nghing thit k ti a l
5mm/mt di v 10mm i vi tng ct, dm mng.

Sai lch trc cp pha so vi thit k ti a t

()10mm.

Kim tra tim, ct ca ct pha khi lp t.

Trc khi thi cng phn tip theo phi bo vi K s gim st

tin hnh nghim thu xc nhn cht lng v khi lng cng

()8mm

57

vic hon thnh nu c K s gim st nghim thu hoc

chp thun mi thi cng cc phn vic tip theo.
g.

Cng tc gia cng lp t ct thp thng :

Ct thp c gia cng s dng theo TCVN 5574-91 thp c v

sinh sch s trc khi s dng, khng han r, khng dnh t ct,
du m

Thp khng b bp bin dng gim tit din qu 2% ng

knh.

Trc khi a vo s dng phi c th ko, nn xc nh cng theo tiu chun TCVN197-85 v 198-85.

Thp c nn thng bng ti, c un ngui theo TCVN 887491.

Ct thp c lin kt vi nhau bng km buc 1mm hoc lin

kt hn.

Tr s sai lch ca ct thp sau khi gia cng phi tun theo
TCVN 4453-95:

Chiu di ct thp chu lc khng c sai s qu 5mm/m

v 20mm cho ton b chiu di. i vi im un sai
lch khng qu 20mm.

Sai s v khong cch gia cc thanh chu lc t ring

bit i vi dm, ct khng qu 10 mm.

Sai s khong cch gia cc ct thp ai khng qu 10

mm.

Ct thp c t trong vn khun ng v tr thit k. Ti

cc v tr giao nhau buc bng dy km 1mm ui buc xon
vo trong,

Ni thp c thi cng ng thit k, chiu di mi ni 40d

i vi thp chu lc.

Hn thp tun theo TCVN 5724- 93.

Trc khi t ct thp vo v tr phi kim tra li vn khun,

gi ct thp v vn khun t cc ming m bng ming
k c chiu dy bng lp b tng bo v theo thit k.

Hnh dng ct thp dng lp phi c gi vng trong sut

thi gian b tng, khng x dch bin dng.

Ly mu kim tra: Sau khi gia cng xong ct thp phi c ly

mu kim tra. i vi ct thp un th phn thnh l ly 5
mu/ l = 100 thanh. i vi mi hn ly 3mu/l = 100 mi
hn. Kim tra bng phng php o bng thc, hay phng php
siu m theo TCVN 1548-85.

Trc khi b tng phi bo vi K s gim st tin hnh

nghim thu xc nhn vic lp t ct thp t yu cu.

h.

Cng tc thi cng b tng:

58

1.

Yu cu:

Tho mn yu cu v cng .

Chng xi, chng mi mn tt

ng kt nhanh v lng pht nhit t.

2.

Cc bin php chnh m bo yu cu ca b tng:

Chun b tt nn, chng thm, lp t ct thp v cc chi

tit chn ngm, my mc thit b kim tra...

chnh xc ca ct pha, chc chn, kn kht ca vn

khun, vng chc ca cc chng gio ging no...

Thit k cp phi hp l theo ng yu cu k thut.

Dng loi xi mng c mc ph hp vi tnh cht ca tng loi kt

cu.

Dng va b tng vi t l N/X hp l tu theo lng ngm nc ca

cc loi vt liu. C th s dng ph gia ng cng nhanh...
tu tng trng hp c th.

B tng trong cc kt cu cng trnh i vi gi thu ny bao

gm:

B tng ti ch : M cu, tr cu....

B tng c sn: B tng dm cu .....

Va b tng c ch to bng my trn b tng c dung tch

250 - 500 lt. Cc loi vt liu khi a vo my trn u c
cn ong theo ng nh lng m bo mc b tng.
Vic trn bng tay ch p dng trong trng hp c bit v c s ng ca K s gim st.

Vt liu c vo thng trn vi mt lng va phi theo tnh

ton ca k thut, ph hp vi dung tch thng trn ang quay.
Trc ht 15-20% lng nc sau ct liu v xi mng
cng mt lc, ng thi dn dn v lin tc phn nc cn
li.

Thi gian nho trn va b tng kh ko di hn va b tng

do, nhng khng nn trn lu qu 5 pht. C th s dng my
nho trn c chn ng lin hp gim thi gian nho trn
va b tng kh.

Ci trn u tin nn tng thm mt lng va xi mng ct mc

cao trnh hin tng xi mng dnh vo bn trong thng trn
v cc phng tin vn chuyn lm hao ht nhiu lng xi mng
trong b tng.Nu thi gian ngng trn ln hn 1 gi th phi
nc v ct liu ln vo thng trn quay cho n khi bn
trong thng trn sch.

Trng hp phi trn b tng bng tay th phi theo ng trnh t

sau:

Trc ht trn kh tht u hn hp xi mng ct n khi thnh

mt hn hp ng nht, sau trn hn hp ny vi v mt

59

phn nc. Sau cng trn ton b hn hp vi phn nc cn li.

Dng c trn: Xng, co c rng, bn vt, ti nc vo hn hp
bng thng ti c roa hoa sen. Thi gian trn t khng qu 20
pht, khng c trn hn hp xi mng ct qu lu trc khi
trn t.

Vic ly mu kim tra cht lng hn hp b tng phi c tin

hnh theo tiu chun TCVN 3105-75.

Ly mu kim tra do, cng, khi lng th tch, gii hn

bn ca b tng c tin hnh theo tiu chun 14 -TCVN -6588.

Vic vn chuyn va b tng ti cng trnh c thc hin

bng xe y bnh hi, trnh phn tng v trc tip
vo kt cu. Khong cch ri ca b tng khng c qu 1,5 m.
Nu ln hn phi dng mng trt hoc ng vi voi. Vic vn
chuyn phi nhanh chng, nh nhng trnh b tng b ninh
kt, phn tng, tch lp.

Thi gian vn chuyn t lc trt hn hp ra khi thng trn n

lc vo v tr khng c ln hn cc tr s sau y:

Nhit ( oC) ngoi tri

Thi gian vn chuyn cho php

(pht)

2030

45

1020

60

510

90

B tng c m bng my m. i vi cc kt cu nh dm,

ct, thnh cng dng m di m thnh tng lp 25 - 30 cm.
i vi cc kt cu bn mng nh tm an cng, bn cu dng
m bn. i vi kt cu dng tm c chiu dy >250 mm
hoc c hai lp thp th phi dng m di. Ch s dng m
tay trong trng hp nhng v tr khng th dng m my
hoc nhng kt cu nh v phi tun theo nhng quy nh
sau:

Vi khonh ln, b tng c st di 6cm c th dng

m gang c trng lng 810 kg, khi m nng cao
1015cm m lin tc v u tay.

Vi khonh nh, st ca b tng t 6cm tr ln hay

nhng ch c ct thp dy phi dng thanh st hoc x
beng thc u theo tng lp 1520cm.

dy ca mi lp cho php theo tng bin php m nh

sau:

Phng php m b tng

My m di

Chiu dy ln nht cho mt lp

0,8 chiu di b phn cng tc ca

my

60

Phng php m b tng

Chiu dy ln nht cho mt lp

( T 2060 cm )

My m bn kt cu khng ct
thp

25 cm

My m bn kt cu c ct
thp

12 cm

m tay kt cu ct, dm

20 cm

m tay kt cu dng bn

10 cm

Sau khi b tng xong phi tin hnh bo dng lin tc trong
thi gian t nht 7 ngy tu theo iu kin thi tit ti thi
gian bo dng. Trong thi gian bo dng phi trnh mi tc ng
va chm n nn mng cng trnh, vn khun cc chng,
hoc di chuyn trn kt cu b tng

Trc khi thi cng y mng cng, lp t di y mng cng

cn c m phng, sau lt bng hai lp giy xi mng
xong mi tin hnh b tng

Trng hp b tng tip theo ln b mt b tng c th b

mt c phi c nh xm v x l tt m bo s lin
kt.

Sau khi b tng t cng cho php tho vn khun,

vic tho vn khun phi c tin hnh theo ng quy nh
ca cng tc vn khun gio. Sau khi tho vn khun cn
tin hnh ngay cc bin php x l khc phc nhng khuyt
tt trn b mt v bn trong kt cu b tng. Trng hp h hng
nng th phi ph b v thi cng li.

3.

Bin php bo dng b tng:

Cng tc bo dng c Nh thu tin hnh ngay sau khi b

tng xong: Gi cc ch nhit v m cn thit cho qu
trnh ninh kt ca b tng.

Ngn nga cc bin dng do nhit v co ngt, tc ng c

hc dn n hnh thnh cc vt nt nh hng n cht lng
b tng.

Thi gian bo dng tu theo iu kin thc t tng thi im

nhng khng c t hn 7 ngy.

Vic tho d vn khun c tun th theo ng trnh t tho

d v ch c tho khi b tng t cng cho php.
Khng c tc ng mnh trong qu trnh tho d vn khun.

i.

Cng tc xy tng kt cu:

Cng tc xy kt cu ch c tin hnh sau khi nghim thu

xong cng tc o t mng cng trnh, hoc p t cng
trnh t yu cu.
o Cng tc trn va xy trt:

61

Xi mng v nc s dng trn va c m bo cc yu cu

nu trong phn quy nh v vt liu xy dng.

Khi cn ong cc loi vt liu c dng cc dng c thch hp

m bo chnh xc ca cp phi va theo tng loi
va.

Ni trn va c bn trn bng tn trnh ln tp cht, mt

nc xi mng nu trn bng th cng. Phi c dng c chuyn
ch va hp l trnh phn ly, m bo do cn thit.

Va c trn v s dng trc thi gian quy nh di y:

Khng qu 1H30 nu nhit ngoi tri di 20oC

Khng qu 1H00 nu nhit t 21 n 32oC.

Khng qu 0H30 nu nhit ngoi tri trn 32oC.

o Trnh t cng tc xy:

o xong h mng Nh thu s nh v li h thng tim, ct

ca kt cu khi xy theo ng mt ct thit k bng h
thng cc.

Tin hnh xy theo ng thit k: Cc vin xy c kch

thc ln phi c b tr pha di cng ca kt cu khi xy, cc
vin trong cng mt lp phi c chiu dy tng ng nhau,
cc vin mt ngoi phi tng i bng phng. Mch va
gia cc vin xy phi y, cht v kn nc ng thi
khng c hin tng trng mch.

Khi tm ngng xy trong thi gian ngn phi va v chn

dm vo tt c cc mch va ca kt cu. Nu thi gian
ngng thi cng ko di phi che ph kn v ti nc bo dng b
mt khi xy d dang. Trc khi xy tr li phi c bin php x
l b mt tip gip gia khi xy c v mi.

C bin php bo v cn thit m bo khng c xe c, ngi

di chuyn trc tip hay st cnh kt cu xy trong thi
gian ang xy hay mi xy xong.

Tu theo yu cu m c bin php x l b mt khi xy sau

khi xy xong cho thch hp va m bo khe mch kn cht,
va m bo tnh thm m. Cn thc hin tt cng tc bo dng khi xy t nht l 7ngy sau khi xy xong

Vic p t ch c thc hin khi kt cu xy n

nh v kh nng chu lc. t p phi m bo m
cht t >1,55 T/m3.

62

phn V: Bin php qun l cht lng

Trong tt c cc cng trnh xy dng c bn ni chung, cng trnh
giao thng ni ring th cng tc qun l cht lng gi vai tr ht
sc quan trng trong thi cng cng trnh, nhm m bo nng
cao cht lng, tui th, k m thut cng trnh.
Vic qun l cht lng cng trnh phi c thc hin ng theo
Tiu chun TCVN 5637-1991 (Qun l cht lng xy lp cng trnh
xy dng Nguyn tc c bn) v tun theo Ngh nh s
209/2004/N-CP ca Chnh ph v qun l cht lng cng trnh
xy dng cng nh cc quy nh khc ca D n.
Trong phn thuyt minh bin php thi cng, chng ti cp
nhiu ti cc yu cu v bin php qun l cht lng. y chng
ti ch nu thm mt s ni dung c tnh khi qut:

Cng tc t chc v thc hin gim st thi cng.

Cng tc qun l trnh chuyn mn v tay ngh cng

nhn.

Cng tc qun l cht lng my mc thit b thi cng.

Cng tc qun l cht lng vt t, vt liu a vo thi cng.

Cng tc qun l gia cng v cp phi.

Cng tc nghim thu cht lng cng trnh.

Cng tc bo dng, bo hnh cng trnh.

1.

Cng tc t chc v thc hin gim st thi cng:

Con ngi l yu t rt quan trng nht quyt nh ti vic thi
cng cng trnh m bo cht lng, Vi mc ch tun th
yu cu thit k v cc quy trnh, quy phm trong xy dng
Nh thu b tr mt i ng cn b qun l v cn b k thut
c y nng lc v kinh nghim trc tip ch o k
thut v gim st thi cng cng trnh:

Cc cn b, k s tham gia cng trnh ny u phi c

o to ng chuyn mn v c kinh nghim thc t t
nht l 5 nm trong cng tc thi cng hin trng.

Chng ti bi tr ti thiu cho mi t, i ( t i c

phn chia theo tnh cht cng vic ) 1 cn b theo
chuyn mn trc tip ch o gim st thi cng ti cng
trng ( S t chc nhn s c chng ti th hin
bng km theo ).

Ch nhim d n l ngi c trch nhim v v tr cao nht

trong cng tc iu hnh v qun l thi cng ti hin trng v ti vn phng Cng ty. Ch huy trng cng trng l
ngi thay mt Ch nhim d n, trc tip ch o thi
cng ti cng trng v c vai tr qun l cao nht, c
quyn hn x l mi tnh hung xy ra trn cng trng

63

cng nh c y quyn trc tip lm vic vi Ch u

t v K s gim st.

2.

3.

Cc K s trong ban k thut v gim st cng nh cc i trng, t trng thi cng phi tun th mi quy trnh, quy
phm trong xy dng, tuyt i thc hin ng cc ch
dn v bn v ca thit k c duyt.

Cc K s phi thng xuyn bo co tnh hnh, tin thi

cng cng nh cc s c xy ra cho Ch huy trng cng trng bit ng thi chp hnh mi mnh lnh do Ch huy
trng cng trng a ra.

Cui ngy, cui tun hoc khi chun b trin khai hng
mc cng tc mi th Ban k thut phi tin hnh hp,
Ch huy trng thng qua cc bin php, gii php k thut
cng nh giao trch nhim cng vic c th cho tng c
nhn.

Trch nhim v quyn li ca c nhn c coi trng, c

nhn no lm sai gy nh hng ti cht lng cng trnh
th phi k lut v bi thng thit hi, c nhn no c
thnh tch hay sng kin th phi c khen thng kp
thi xng ng.

Vn quan h gia Cng trng Ch u t v K s gim

st cng c ht sc coi trng nhm phi hp nhp nhng
trong cng tc kim tra, gim st, nghim thu hay x l cc
tnh hung xy ra trn cng trng.

Cng tc qun l trnh chuyn mn v tay ngh cng

nhn

Tay ngh ca th thi cng ti thiu phi t bc 3, tuy

nhin s lng th c tay ngh cao trn bc 5 phi chim trn
25 % tng s cng nhn lao ng.

Th c tay ngh cao c b tr xen k trong cc t, i

m bo ng u trnh thi cng.

Cc cng tc c th nh c kh, hn, cng tc in, nc,

cng tc li xe my s dng cng nhn qua o to
chuyn mn m bo cht lng cng trnh cng nh an
ton lao ng.

Cng vic ca cc t i do Ch huy trng Cng trng

giao nhim v v c K s gim st cng trng v K s
gim st hng dn, kim tra, gim st ch o thng xuyn.
Cc i trng v cng nhn phi thc hin ng cc yu
cu ca K s cng nh thi cng theo ng bn v thit k.

Cng tc qun l cht lng my mc v thit b thi cng:

Cht lng my thi cng cng c vai tr quan trng trong vic to
ra cng trnh c cht lng cao. Cc loi my mc a vo thi
cng chng ti trnh by trong bin php thi cng v c
ph lc km theo.

64

4.

Chng ti b tr my thi cng cho cng trnh ny cc loi

my thi cng chuyn dng m bo cht lng hot ng
cao trn 75%, thi gian s dng trong vng 3 nm.

Cc my mc, thit b o lng v kim nh khi lng,

cht lng ca doanh nghip xy dng phi c hp chun
v phi thc hin ng kim theo quy nh hin hnh
ca Nh nc.

Vn hnh my thi cng c thc hin bi cc k s v cng

nhn c nhiu kinh nghim.

Cng hot ng cng nh thi gian vn hnh ca my

thi cng phi m bo yu cu nh mc do K s ra
nhm to ra cc sn phm t cht lng cao m bo
yu cu k thut.

Vic vn hnh cc thit b my mc thi cng phi ng

quy trnh quy phm v my, m bo an ton trong thi
cng.

My mc thit b trn cng trng thng xuyn c kim

tra, bo dng hot ng c lin tc, pht huy ht
cng sut ca my.

Cng tc qun l cht lng vt t, vt liu a vo thi cng

Cht lng vt t, vt liu l yu t c bn to ra cng trnh
c cht lng cao chng ti ht sc coi trng cng tc ny. Cht lng vt liu phi m bo theo tiu chun TCVN 91.100.20.
qun l cht lng vt t, vt liu a vo thi cng chng ti tin
hnh cc bc nh sau:

La chn ngun gc vt t, vt liu ph hp vi tiu chun

thit k.

T chc vn chuyn v bo qun vt t vt liu.

Cng tc ly mu kim tra, th nghim vt t vt liu.

4.1. La chn ngun gc vt t, vt liu.

Vt t vt liu a vo s dng cho thi cng phi la chn

ngun gc vt t, vt liu c tiu chun ph hp vi tiu
chun m thit k quy nh hoc do ch u t ch
nh. Cc vt t vt liu ny chng ti trc tip quan h
vi nh sn xut hoc thng qua cc i l hay n v
kinh doanh c uy tn, tn nhim trn th trng. Cc nh
cung cp vt liu u phi trnh chng ch vt liu c
xut x ngun gc r rng, c giy chng nhn t tiu
chun cht lng do c quan c thm quyn cp.

Tin hnh ly mu vt t a i kim tra ti cc c quan

qun l cht lng ca nh nc. Khi c chng ch m bo
cht lng vt t ph hp vi tiu chun k thut m thit k
quy nh chng ti s trnh Ch u t v K s gim st
nu c chp thun mi k hp ng cung cp a vo s
dng.

65

4.2. T chc vn chuyn bo qun vt t vt liu.

Vt t vt liu c vn chuyn bng cc thit b chuyn dng,
trnh gy gy, , v.
Vt t c cung cp thnh nhiu ln thun tin trong cng
tc bo qun, m bo cht lng vt liu lun c mi.

Xi mng c bo qun trong kho c mi che, c t trn

palt cch mt nn ti thiu 20cm. Khng c chng qu
10 bao/lp. Thng xuyn c o u, l hng no nhp
kho trc xut s dng trc l hng no nhp kho sau xut s
dng sau. Vic bo qun xi mng theo TCVN 2682-1992.

Thp c cht chng trong kho trnh c ma, gi khng

cao qu 1,2m v c theo chng loi khc nhau d
dng ly ra s dng.

Ct, c trn cc khu vc cao ro, ring bit khng

ln ln cc kch c ht v nhim bn.

Cc loi vt t d v, d gy c bo qun trong kho theo

tng loi ring bit cho n khi lp t xong

4.3. Cng tc ly mu kim tra, th nghim vt t vt liu.

Tt c cc loi vt t vt liu trc lc a vo s dng u phi
c ly mu kim ta th nghim nh gi mc p
ng cc tiu chun nh mc k thut ca thit k.

Thp c ly 5 mu - 100 thanh sn phm kim tra cng chu ko, nn tun theo TCVN 197-85 v
TCVN198-85.

T mu c ly ngay ti hin trng trc khi a vo thi

cng. Vic kim tra st ca b tng m bo theo
TCVN 3106-1993. Kim tra cng chu nn ca b tng
theo TCVN 3118-1993 v cng ko khi un theo TCVN
3119-1993.

Th nghim kim tra ct theo TCVN 337-86 n TCVN

346-86.

4.4. Cng tc qun l gia cng v cp phi

Cng tc gia cng ct thp, cc loi ca ti xng hay ti

cng trng phi tun theo cc yu cu k thut v m
bo ng quy trnh quy phm, gia cng ng kch thc
c th hin trn bn v thit k.

Cng tc trn b tng, va xy phi m bo ng quy

trnh cng nh cp phi v chng loi, khi lng vt t vt
liu v ph gia theo yu cu.

Ct thp c ct un ph hp vi hnh dng, kch thc ca

thit k tr s sai lch khng vt qu cc gi tr ghi trong
bng 4 TCVN 4453- 1995.

Ct thp c ni vi nhau theo phng php hn phi m

bo TCVN 20TCN 71-77 v c kim tra k cng bng

66

mt thng hay phng php siu m theo TCVN 1548 -85.

i vi mi ni buc chiu di ni khng c nh hn
250mm i vi ct thp chu ko v200mm i vi ct
thp chu nn, v phi m bo tr s ghi trong bng 7
TCVN 4453-1995.

Ph gia s dng phi c chng ch k thut c cc c

quan qun l Nh nc cng nhn. Vic s dng ph gia cn
tun theo ch dn ca ni sn xut.

5.

Cng tc nghim thu cht lng cng trnh

Nghim thu cng l mt cng tc cn thit m bo cht

lng cng trnh. Nu cng tc nghim thu c t chc thc
hin tt s tng cng cht lng thnh phm, bn thnh phm
cng nh y nhanh tin thi cng.

Nguyn tc nghim thu l nghim thu thc t ti cng trng

cc sn phm, thnh phm hay bn thnh phm ca qu trnh
thi cng. i vi cc phn cng trnh s b che khut th phi
nghim thu trc khi chuyn sang thi cng cng vic khc.

Thi gian tin hnh nhim thu l sau khi cng vic thi cng cc
hng mc cn nghim thu c thc hin hon thnh, th Nh
thu lm vn bn ngh Ch u t v K s gim st cng
nh c quan Nh nc c chc nng n tin hnh nghim
thu.

i tng nghim thu:

6.

Nn mng, mt ng, cc cng trnh trn tuyn

Nhng b phn cng trnh xy dng xong cn

nghim thu chuyn giai on thi cng tip theo.

Tng hng mc cng trnh hoc b phn cng trnh

xy dng xong a vo khai thc s dng.

Cn c nghim thu:

Ti liu thit k c duyt.

Cc vn bn, ti liu thay i b sung thit k.

Ti liu, bn v hon cng tng hng mc cng tc hay

tng th.

Cc quy chun xy dng, tiu chun k thut xy dng

ca Nh nc, ca ngnh xy dng ban hnh.

Nhng quy nh hoc ch dn k thut ca nh sn xut

v vic bo qun, s dng vt liu xy dng, thit b
cng ngh

Cc chng ch hay kt qu th nghim vt t, vt liu, bn

thnh phm ca n v thi cng, Gim st v ca c
quan th 3.

Nht k thi cng cng trng.

Cc quy nh trong nghim thu cng trnh :

67

TT
1

Tn vn bn

S vn bn

Quy ch qun l u t v xy 52/1999/N-CP

dng
12/2000/N-CP

Ngy ban
hnh
8/7/1999
5/5/2000

07/2003/N-CP

30/11/2003

88/1999/N-CP

1/9/1999

14/2000/N-CP

2/2/2000

66/2003/N-CP

12/6/2003

Quy nh qun l cht lng cng 18/2003/Q.BX

trnh
D

27/6/2003

Q v kim nh , nh gi cht 3921/Q.GTVT

lng cng trnh giao thng

22/11/2001

Quy ch qun l XDCB ca S 1580/Q.QC

GTVT

Quy phm k thut an ton trong TCVN 530891

XD

Quy trnh thi cng nghim thu 1660QKT4

nn ng st, b

Quy trnh kim tra nghim thu 22 TCN 02 - 71

cht ca t trong nghnh
GTVT

15/6/1971

Quy trnh thi cng & nghim thu 22 TCN 09 - 97

mt ng nha

1997

10

Quy trnh thi cng & nghim thu 22 TCN 26 84

cu cng tieu chun k thut TC Ti bn c sa
Giao thng ng b
i b sung

1999

11

Tiu chun bo hiu ng b

22/TCN

27301
ban
hnh theo Q
s
4393/2001/Q
- BGTVT

2001

12

Quy trnh k thut o bng 22 TCN 16

phng ca mt ng bng thc 79 ban hnh
di 3m
10/5/1979

1979

13

Quy trnh xc nh nhm 22 TCN 64 84

1984

Quy ch u thu

1/11/2001

2/7/1975

68

TT

Tn vn bn

S vn bn

Ngy ban
hnh

mt ng bng phng php rc

ct
14

Quy trnh th nghim xc nh 22/TCN 251

m un n hi chung ca o - 98
ng mm bng cn o vng
BenKelman

1998

15

Quy trnh thi cng nghim thu lp 22 TCN 252-98

CPDD trong kt cu o ng t

1998

16

Quy trnh thi cng nghim thu 22 TCN 249-98

mt ng b tng nha

1998

17

Tiu chun sn mt ng

2002

22 TCN 282-02

69

phn VI: Bin php an ton lao ng & v sinh mi trng

I.

An ton lao ng:

Cng tc an ton lao ng tun th theo Quy phm k thut an
ton trong xy dng TCVN 5308 1991
1.

iu kin an ton khi khi cng:

Sau khi nhn lnh khi cng, Nh thu tin hnh lp cc H s

thit k t chc v thit k thi cng, khi c y cc ti liu
Nh thu mi iu kin tin hnh khi cng cng trnh.
Cc ti liu trn cp n nhng gii php an ton lao ng,
bao gm:

m bo an ton v v sinh lao ng hon thnh cc cng

vic trn cng trng ni chung cng nh trn tng v tr lm
vic ni ring.

Phc v iu kin v sinh sinh hot cho cng nhn trn cng
trng.

Bin php an ton giao thng

An ton phng chy cha chy.

2.

Chnh sch ch bo him lao ng:

Tt c cng nhn lao ng trn cng trng u c ng k

v np bo him y t, bo him lao ng, bo him tai nn
y .

i vi my mc thit b u c ng bo him v ng
kim trc khi vo cng trng thi cng.

3.

Bin php ci thin iu kin lao ng, tin nghi phc

v sinh hot:

Ngi lao ng trn cng trng xy dng thng phi lm vic trong
nhng iu kin v mi trng nhim, khng m bo v sinh:
lm h mng bn ly li; cc cng vic pht sinh nhiu bi nh bc
d vn chuyn t, ct, xi mng, nho trn b tng, vi va; tip
xc vi cc vt liu c hi nh sn, kh hn v cc yu t c hi
khc nh thi tit, nhit nng, lnh, ting n, rung ng mnh
.v.v...
V vy, bo v sc kho, phng trnh nhng bnh thng thng
v bnh ngh nghip cho cng nhn Nh thu thc hin cc gii
php m bo v sinh lao ng v n sinh hot cho ngi lao
ng nh sau:

Nc sinh hot: Cung cp nc ung cho ngi lao ng t 2.5

4.0 lt/ngi/ngy. Nc ung phi l nc un si, sch v trng. V
ma h cung cp nc ung mt, gii nhit ( nc ch xanh, nhn
trn, nc khong, ... ). Nc ung c ng trong bnh bng
nha hoc st trng men c y np kn, c vi rt. Nu
thng khng c vi rt th phi c ca, go ring mc trnh

70

vc ca, bt, cc vo thng. Thng nc phi ni cao ro sch

s, xa ni c bi v cc cht c hi, cch ch lm vic xa nht
khng qu 75m.

II.

Ln tri tm: B tr cch xa ni pht sinh nhiu bi, hi kh

c, n rung vi khong cch trn 50m v pha u hng gi
ch o. ng i n khu ln tri khng b tr qua nhng vng
nguy him hoc ct ng giao thng. Khu vc ln tri b tr
cc cc thit b nghe nhn nh Tivi, i, bo phc v nhu cu
gii tr cho cng nhn nhm hn ch t nn x hi nh c bc, ru, ch ...

4.

Quy nh, quy phm an ton v sinh lao ng

Trong mt bng thi cng b tr h thng thu nc thi khng

cho chy trn nc bn xung cc khu vc xung quanh.

Khng cho cng nhn n, ung trong khu vc thi cng nhm
m bo v sinh mi trng cng nh trnh ly lan bnh tt.

Lng t o mng v ph thi vn chuyn ra khi cng trng

s dng t chuyn dng m bo v sinh mi trng. c vn
chuyn v ng ni quy nh.

K thut an ton cho tng cng tc thi cng:

1.

An ton trong bc xp v vn chuyn:

1.1. Yu cu chung:

Cng nhn li cc loi phng tin vn chuyn ngoi vic tun

th quy tc giao thng ng b do B Giao thng Vn ti ban
hnh cn phi tun theo ni quy cng trng.

Cng nhn bc xp vn chuyn phi c sc kho theo quy

nh i vi tng loi cng vic.

Bi bc xp hng phi bng phng, phi quy nh tuyn ng cho ngi v cc loi phng tin i li thun tin v an ton
phi c h thng thot nc tt.

Khi vn chuyn cc loi hng c kch thc v trng lng ln phi

s dng cc phng tin chuyn dng hoc phi lp duyt bin
php vn chuyn bc d bo m an ton cho ngi v thit b
1.2. Vn chuyn bng phng tin th s: Trc khi bc xp
phi:

Kim tra cc phng tin dng c vn chuyn nh quang treo,

n gnh v cc b phn ca xe ( cng, bnh, thng xe, vn
chn, dy ko ... ) m bo khng b t dy, gy cng ...
trong qu trnh vn chuyn.

Kim tra tuyn ng vn chuyn v ni bc d hng m bo

an ton cho cng nhn trong qu trnh lm vic.

Khi khun vc vn chuyn cc vt nng c t hai ngi tr ln

phi giao cho mt ngi chu trch nhim iu khin v ra
lnh thng nht. Khi khing vc cc thanh di phi b tr

71

nhng ngi cng lm vic c chiu cao xp x nhau v phi

khing cng mt pha vai.

Trc khi xp hng ln xe ci tin phi chn bnh v chng

cng xe tht chc chn. Xc nh ng sc chu ti ca xe
v khng c xp qu trng ti ca xe.

Khi xp hng trn xe:

i vi cc loi hng ri: gch, , ct, si .... phi cht thp

hn thnh thng xe 2cm v c vn chn hai u.

i vi cc loi hng cha trong cc bao mm nh xi mng c xp cao hn thnh xe nhng khng qu 2 bao v phi c
dy chng buc chc chn.

i vi cc loi thp tm, thp gc, cu kin b tng c

chiu di ln hn thng xe phi chng buc dy thp.

Cng nhn y cc loi xe ba gc, ci tin phi i hai bn

thnh xe v khng c t tay ln hng y. Khi xe trn
dc phi chn bnh xe chc chn. Khi xung dc ln hn 15 O
th phi quay cng xe v pha sau v ngi ko phi gi xe ln
xung t t.
1.3. Vn chuyn bng c gii

Khi cht hng ln xe, tu theo tng loi hng m c bin php
sp xp m bo an ton trong qu trnh vn chuyn.

Khi ch cc loi hng di hoc cng knh phi c vt k chn

gi v chng buc chc chn.

Cm ch ngi trn cc loi t cn trc, xe hng, trn thng t

t . Cm cho ngi ng bc ln xung, trn np cap,
trn nc xe, hoc ng ngi khoang trng gia thng xe v
cabin xe. Cm ch ngi trong cc thng xe c ch cc loi cht
c hi d n, d chy. cc bnh kh nn hoc cc hng
cng knh, khng m bo an ton.

Trc khi cho xe chy ngi li xe phi:

Kim tra h thng phanh hm.

Kim tra h thng tay li, cc cn chuyn v dn hng, cc

c hm cc cht an ton.

Kim tra h thng n chiu, n bo hiu, ci.

Kim tra li h thng dy chng buc trn xe.

i vi cc loi t t , ngoi vic kim tra cc b phn nh

trn cn phi kim tra cc b phn:

Cc cht hm gi thng ben khi b lt.

Kh nng kp cht thng ben v c cu nng.

Cht lng ca cc cht hm pha sau thng xe.

72

Trong phm vi cng trng xe phi chy vi tc khng c ln

hn 10km/h. Qua qung ng ngot hoc vng phi chy vi
tc khng ln hn 5km/h.

Cng nhn c bng li xe loi no th ch c li xe loi .

Khi ngi li xe khng cn sc kho theo quy nh ca Y t
hoc ang b mt mi, say ru, say bia ... th nht thit
khng c li xe.

Ngi li xe trc khi ri khi xe phi tt my, ko phanh tay, rt

cha kho in v kho ca bung li. Khi dng xe ( my vn
n) th ngi li xe khng c ri v tr li xe i ni khc.
Cm ngi khng c nhim v vo bung li.

2.

An ton trong s dng dng c cm tay:

Cn g, cn tre ca cc dng c cm tay phi lm bng cc loi

tre, g cng, do, khng b nt, n, mt mc phi nhn v nm
chc chn.

Cc dng c cm tay dng p, c phi m bo u

mi khng b nt n, hoc bt c mt h hng no khc. Cn
khng b nt, v, khng c cnh sc v phi c chiu di thch
hp m bo an ton khi thao tc.

Ba t dng ng, chm, c, phi c tay cm di 0,7m.

Cng nhn c ph kim loi hoc b tng bng cc dng c
cm tay phi eo knh phng h. Ni lm vic cht hp v
ng ngi phi c tm chn bo v.

S dng cc dng c cm tay chy in di ng ngoi tri,

phi c bo v bng ni khng. Cng nhn phi i ng v
eo gng tay cch in.

3.

An ton trong s dng xe, my xy dng:

Tt c cc xe my xy dng u phi c h s k thut

trong phi c cc thng s k thut c bn, hng dn v
lp t, vn chuyn, bo qun, s dng v sa cha, c s
giao ca, s theo di tnh trng k thut.

Xe my xy dng phi m bo cc yu cu v an ton trong

sut qu trnh s dng,

Xe my xy dng phi c bo dng k thut, v sa cha

nh k theo ng quy nh trong h s k thut. Khi ci to
my hoc sa cha thay th cc b phn quan trng ca my
phi c tnh ton thit k v c duyt theo th tc thit k
hin hnh.

Cc thit b nng c s dng trong xy dng phi c qun

l v s dng theo TCVN 4244 1986 v cc quy nh trong
phn ny.

Cc xe my s dng di ng phi c trang b thit b tn

hiu m thanh hoc nh sng. Trong phm vi hot ng ca
my phi c bin bo.

73

Cc xe my phi c lp t theo hng dn lp t ca nh

my ch to v cc bin php lp t an ton ca n v
lp t.

Ch c tin hnh bo dng, hiu chnh sa cha k thut xe

my sau khi ngng ng c, tho x p sut trong cc
h thng thu lc v kh nn, tr cc trng hp c quy
nh theo ti liu hng dn ca nh my ch to.

V tr lp t xe my phi m bo an ton cho thit b v

ngi lao ng trong sut qu trnh s dng.

Cm s dng my khi: Ht hn s dng ghi trong giy php s

dng i vi thit b nng v thit b chu p lc. H hng
hoc khi khng c thit b an ton h hng cc b phn quan
trng.

Khi xe my ang hot ng, ngi vn hnh khng c php b

i ni khc hoc giao cho ngi khc vn hnh.

Ngi vn hnh xe my phi bo m cc tiu chun quy

nh ti iu 1-8 ca quy phm ny: Khi s dng xe my phi
thc hin y cc quy nh trong quy trnh vn hnh an
ton xe my. Trc khi cho xe my hot ng phi kim tra tnh
trng k thut ca xe my. Ch s dng xe my khi tnh trng
k thut m bo. Nu xe my hng hc phi t cha hoc
bo co th trng trc tip tnh trng hng hc ca xe my v
ngh cho sa cha. Ch sau khi khc phc xong cc hng
hc mi c php s dng

4.

An ton trong cng tc t

Ch c php o t h mng, ng ho theo ng thit

k thi cng c duyt, trn c s ti liu kho st a hnh,
a cht, thu vn v c bin php k thut an ton thi cng
trong qu trnh o.

o t trong khu vc c tuyn ngm ( dy cp ngm, ng

ng dn nc, ... ) phi c vn bn cho php ca c quan qun l
cc tuyn v s ch dn v tr, su ca cng
trnh, vn bn tho thun ca c quan ny v phng n lm
t, bin php bo v v bo m an ton cho cng trnh.

Khi ang o t nu thy xut hin hi, kh c hi phi

lp tc ngng thi cng ngay v cng nhn phi ra khi ni
nguy him cho n khi c cc bin php kh ht hi kh c
hi .

Trong khu vc ang o t phi c bin php thot nc ng

( k c khi ma to ) trnh nc chy vo h o lm st l h
o. Khi ang o t phi bm ht nc cc h mng, ng ho phng t b st l. o t n mc nc ngm
th tm ngng v phi c bin php gi n nh vch mi
tip tc o ( h mc nc ngm lm chng vch ... ).

Khi ang o t nu do iu kin thin nhin hay ngoi

cnh lm thay i trng thi t nh nn b ngm nc ma ko

74

di, t qu m hay no nc ... Nh thu phi kim tra li thanh

h o, mi dc. Nu khng m bo an ton phi c bin
php gia c chng trt, st l t, sp vch chng bt ng.

Cm o theo kiu hm ch hoc pht hin c th vt

ngm th phi ngng thi cng ngay v cng nhn phi ri khi
v tr n ni an ton. Ch c thi cng tip sau khi
ph b hm ch hoc vt th ngm .

Li ln xung h mng phi lm bc di t nht 0,75m rng

0,4m. Khi h o hp v su phi dng thang ta. Cm bm
vo cc thanh chng vch hoc chng tay ln ming h o
ln xung.

5.

An ton trong sn xut va v b tng

Khi lm vic trong kho cha vt liu d sinh bi ( xi mng, vi,

bt b ... ) phi m bo cc yu cu v thng gi v chng
bi.

Cng nhn lm vic tip xc vi vt liu dng bi phi c

kim tra sc kho nh k 6 thng 1 ln.

Ch c dn sch vt liu ri vi h t ben khi nng

ben ln v c nh chc chn. Ch c i li qua h t
ben khi c nh ben chc chn.

Khi thng trn ang vn hnh hoc sa cha phi h ben

xung v tr an ton.

Khng c dng xng hoc cc dng c cm tay khc ly

va v b tng ra khi thng trn ang vn hnh.

Khu vc i li vn chuyn phi liu n thng trn phi

sch s khng b trn ng, khng c chng ngi vt.

Khi dng cht ph gia cho vo hn hp va phi c bin php

phng nga bng, chn thng ...

Cng nhn trn va bng my hoc bng tay phi c trang

b y cc dng c bo h lao ng.

6.

An ton trong cng tc lp ghp cu kin:

S dng cc loi my trc v cc loi thit b khc trong cng tc

lp ghp cc kt cu cng trnh phi theo quy nh ca Quy
phm k thut an ton thit b nng TCVN 4244 1986.

Trong tit k thi cng phi thuyt minh r: Cch t chc ni

lm vic, trnh t tin hnh cc cng vic v lit k cc thit
b bo m an ton trong thi cng. Cc bin php m bo an
ton trong qu trnh lp. Cch sp xp cc cu kin trn kho
bi bn m bo thun tin v an ton khi cu lp. Cc bin
php an ton trong khu vc lp.

Trong qu trnh lp phi c cn b k thut thi cng hoc i

trng thi cng hng dn v gim st.

Cng nhn lp rp phi l nhng ngi c kinh nghim v

nm vng bin php an ton v lp ghp. Cng nhn lp

75

ghp phi c trang b y cc phng tin bo v cc

nhn theo ch hin hnh.

Cc kt cu, cu kin c kh nng xoay, lp khi nng chuyn

phi c chng buc chc chn v dng dy mm no
hm.

Cc kt cu, cu kin khng c b phn buc mc chuyn dng

phi c tnh ton xc nh v tr v cch treo buc m
bo trong sut qu trnh nng chuyn khng b trt i.

Trong qu trnh cu lp, khng c ngi ng, bm trn

kt cu, cu kin. ng thi khng cho cc kt cu, cu
kin i qua trn u ngi.

Sau khi buc mc, phi nng ti ln cao 20cm ri dng li

kim tra mc cn bng hiu chnh li. Cm hiu
chnh ti khi ti ang trng thi treo l lng.

Ngi tip nhn vt cu trn cao phi ng trn sn thao tc

ca dn gio hoc gi v phi eo dy an ton. Dy an
ton phi mc vo cc b phn kt cu n nh ca cng
trnh hoc mc vo dy trc c cng c nh chc
chn vo kt cu n nh ca cng trnh. Cm ng trn
kt cu, cu kin lp rp cha c n nh chc chn. Cm
vi tay n, ko hoc xoay vt cu khi cn treo l lng.

Ch c tho mc cu ra khi kt cu, cu kin khi neo

chng chng theo ng quy nh ca thit k ( c nh
vnh vin hoc tm thi ). Khng cho php x dch kt cu,
cu kin c lp t sau khi tho mc cu, tr nhng
trng hp thit k thi cng quy nh

7.

An ton trong cng tc thi cng b tng nha:

Trc khi thi cng phi t du hiu cng trng u v cui

on ng cng tc; B tr ngi v bng hng dn ng trnh
cho cc loi phng tin giao thng trn ng; Quy nh s
chy n v i ca t vn chuyn hn hp; Chiu sng khu
vc thi cng nu lm m.

Cng nhn phc v theo my ri phi c ng, gng tay, khu

trang, qun o lao ng ph hp vi cng vic i li trn hn hp
c nhit cao.

Trc mi ca lm vic phi kim tra tt c my mc v thit b

thi cng; sa cha iu chnh my lm vic tt; ghi vo
s trc ban hin trng v tnh trng v cc h hng ca my
v bo cho ngi ch o thi cng hin trng kp thi.

Khi my bt u khi ng lm vic phi bo hiu bng ci.

Cm cng nhn tro ln thng xe y hn hp b tng nha

xung phu my ri. Khi hn hp kh chy xung phu, phi
ng di t dng co, xng c cn di m n hn hp
thng xe t.

76

Trn my lu phi c mi che cho ngi li, c thng cha hn hp

nc - du ho bi bnh lu.

Khi ngng thi cng (lu hn 6 gi), my ri, cc my lu phi c lm sch, xp thnh mt hng khng cn tr giao thng,
hm, chn bnh, c ngi trng coi.

III. an ton giao thng trong thi gian thi cng.

1.

Khi qut:

Gi thu s c thi cng trong khu vc c lu thng thng xuyn,

bi vy cn phi kim sot v iu hnh giao thng trong sut
thi gian thi cng sao cho cc hot ng thi cng khng lm
nh hng n giao thng i li trn ng trnh lm h hi n
hoa mu a phng v cc cng trnh hin c.

2.

Bin php kim sot giao thng:

Kim tra kim sot giao thng hng ngy v bin php kim
sot giao thng chi tit.

Trc khi khi cng cng trnh, Nh thu trnh k hoch chi
tit cho K s t vn ph duyt.

Tt c cn b, cng nhn tham gia thi cng cng trnh phi c hc v quy nh bin php an ton.

Cc iu kin ca cng tc kim sot an ton phi kim tra

hng ngy v theo ng cc iu kin cng trng v iu
kin thi tit, bin php kim sot giao thng phi ph hp.

3.

Thc hin:

Nh thu s lin h vi chnh quyn a phng s ti c

tho thun v vic s dng cc on ng vo khu vc thi
cng hin c v nhng ni cn m cc ng cng v. Phi
thng nht vi chnh quyn a phng vch k hoch
nng cp cc on ng trong thi gian thi cng.

Trang b y cc bin bo tc , bin bo du hiu cng

trng, ro chn.

Trong qu trnh thi cng phi ch trng n vic qun l giao

thng trn cc ng vo, lin tc b tr cc b phn sa cha
cc on ng a phng m Nh thu s dng m bo
giao thng thng sut.

Ti cc im thi cng nh thu cn phi b tr bin bo hai

u v hng dn giao thng trong sut thi gian thi cng.

IV. An ton chy n:

1.

H thng tiu chun, quy phm v phng chng chy

n:

TCXD 218: 1998

chy

H thng pht hin chy v bo ng

Quy nh chung

TCVN 3254: 1989

An ton chy Yu cu chung

77

TCVN 4878: 1989

Phn loi chy

TCVN 4879: 1989

Phng chy Du hiu an ton

TCVN 2622: 1995

Phng chy chng chy cho nh v cng

trnh Yu cu thit k

TCVN 5040: 1990

hiu
k

Thit b phng chy v cha chy K

hnh v trn s phng chy Yu cu
thut

TCVN 5760: 1993

H thng cha chy Yu cu chung v

thit k, lp t v s dng

TCVN 5738: 1993

H thng bo chy Yu cu k thut

2.

Bin php phng chy trn cng trng xy dng

ngn nga kh nng pht sinh chy trn cng trng xy dng cn
phi:

Hn ch s lng vt liu chy d tr nh: g, tranh, tre, na, l,

cc loi cht lng d chy v kh chy;

Kp thi thu gom v a ra ni an ton hoc tiu hu vt liu,

rc ri chy c.

Kp thi loi thi hi du, dung mi v cc cht lng chy v d

chy to ra khi tin hnh cc cng vic hoc khi bo qun
chng.

Khng cho php t la khng ng quy nh trn cng trng; Quy nh ni ht thuc ring, cng nh nhng ch s dng
la ( nu bitum, matt v cc loi vt liu khc ...).

Loi tr nguyn nhn to tia la khi cc ng c t trong,

thit b in ang hot ng;

Loi tr nguyn nhn gy n cc my kh nn, bnh cha kh

v cc thit b p lc khc.

phng xy ra s c i vi cc dy dn v cp bc cch
in khng c chng t nng n nhit qu
60100OC;

bo v dng in khi qu ti v ngn mch nn dng cu

ch an ton v r le t ngt (aptomat) mc ni tip vo
mng.

phng tnh in c c th thc hin cc bin php sau:

3.

Truyn in tch tnh in xung t.

Tng m khng kh trong cc phng c nguy him

tnh in ln ti 70% hoc lm m cc vt trong phng.

Phi ni t cc b phn kim loi ca dy curoa, cn ai

da th bi lp du dn in c bit ln b mt ngoi
trong lc my khng hot ng.

T chc b my qun l h thng phng chy cha chy:

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V.

Cng tc an ton phng chng chy n do cc vt liu thi cng

gy ra c Nh thu ht sc ch . Trong cng trng phi b
tr y cc thit b vt liu chng chy n nh bnh cu
ho nc cu ho. C th Nh thu a n cng trnh 6 bnh
cu ha quanh khu vc c nguy c gy ra ho hon cao.

Phi c mng li ATL t Cng ty - Phi lin h v k hp ng vi

c quan PCCC ca a phng, thng xuyn ti t i, phi
hng ngy kim tra gim st cng tc ATL trong cng trnh
thc hin bng c mc tiu an ton hiu qu v con ngi,
thit b, cng trnh trong qu trnh thi cng.

Thnh lp mt i cu ho khong 15 20 ngi c ph bin

k thut v c trang b y cc thit b phng h thng
xuyn t chc din tp d phng ( theo phng n hp ng
gip ca cng an phng chy cha chy thnh ph ).

Hng ngy tng t i phi c ngi trc an ton v sinh lao

ng v phng chng chy n trn cng trng xy dng.

Bo v mi trng:
1.

Bo v mi trng:

Cng tc v sinh mi trng cn phi c bit quan tm m

bo sc khe cho cng nhn, sc khe cng ng cng nh
cng trng sch p.

S dng cc phng tin vn ti thch hp, dng bng ti hoc

tm che chn xe vn chuyn vt liu.

Nc thi ra trong qu trnh trn b tng phi c dn vo

h thng tiu nc quy nh khng c chy trn ba bi.

Ti mt s im thi cng qua cc ng giao thng cn thi cng

nhanh gn trnh gy cn tr giao thng.

Ngun nc s dng trong thi cng nu ly ti ngun nc c sn

ca a phng, cn phi m bo khng gy nhim bn
ngun nc sinh hot ca dn, khng nh hng n lng nc dng
ca c dn

Ti nc chng bi khi thi cng o p t trn cng trnh,

khng nc ng trn ng

Trong mt bng thi cng b tr h thng rnh thot nc thu nc

thi v cc h ga thu nc khng cho chy trn nc bn xung
cc khu vc xung quanh.

Khng cho cng nhn n, ung trong khu vc thi cng nhm
m bo v sinh mi trng cng nh trnh ly lan bnh tt.

2.

Bin php qun l cht thi rn:

Lng t o mng v ph thi vn chuyn ra khi cng trng

s dng t chuyn dng m bo v sinh mi trng. c vn
chuyn v ng ni quy nh.

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Khi thi cng xong tng loi cng vic phi thu dn ph thi nh
g vn ct pha, v bao xi mng, vi cn ... c x l thu gom
tp kt v x l ng ni qui nh.

Cc cht thi nh du m, c cy, t v cc vt liu c hi

khc v.v... c x l thu gom tp kt v x l ng ni qui
nh.

3.

Bo v cng trnh k thut h tng v cy xanh:

Trong sut qu trnh thi cng, n v thi cng khng c gy

nh hng xu ti h thng cng trnh k thut h tng hin c.

Trong khu vc cng trng c h thng cng trnh k thut h

tng i qua, Nh thu c bin php bo v h thng ny
hot ng bnh thng. Trng hp cn thit phi di chuyn, Nh
thu lm vic Ch u t v c quan qun l c bin php
gii quyt.

Nh thu c bin php bo v tt cc cc cy xanh c

trong v xung quanh cng trng. Trng hp cn thit phi cht
h cy xanh Nh thu lm vic vi c quan qun l cy xanh
c bin php gii quyt ph hp.

4.

Bin php bo v, an ninh, trt t x hi:

Tt c cc cn b, cng nhn tham gia ti cng trng u c

s yu l lch r rng. Trc khi thi cng chng ti s trnh danh
sch v trch ngang cn b, cng nhn thi cng trn hin trng
ln Ban qun l v ngh cp giy chng nhn hoc th ra
vo cng trng.

Tt c cc cn b, cng nhn thi cng trn hin trng phi c

thi nghim tc v tun th tt ni quy cng trng ni ring
v ni quy a phng ni chung.

Thng xuyn kt hp vi Cng an khu vc, Ban qun l kim

tra, kim sot v x l nhng hin tng tiu cc (nu c).

Vi s qun l cht ch h s nhn s ca mnh, Nh thu m

bo rng s khng xy ra s c ng tic no v an ninh khu
vc trong sut qu trnh thi cng.

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Phn VIi: Kt lun v kin ngh

m bo cht lng cng trnh i hi nh thu phi tuyt i
tun th hng dn ca K s gim st v cc quy trnh, quy phm v thi
cng ng c ban hnh.
Trc khi bn giao ton b cng trnh n v thi cng s gii to v
thu dn tt c cc thit b, nguyn vt liu tha, rc ri, cc cng trnh
ph tr tm thi ra khi khu vc cng trnh c nghim thu.
Thc hin qui ch Bo hnh theo quy nh hin hnh, trong thi
gian cng phi thng xuyn khc phc nhng sai st h hng nu c.
Sau tip tc thanh l ht.
Ngoi ra cng tc thit k kho st cng trnh tin hnh cha th lng ht c nn trong qu trnh thi cng khng th trnh khi nhng
bt cp gia thc t v thit k do nh thu ngh Ban qun l
d n thng xuyn gim st, x l kp thi, nhanh chng to iu kin
cho Nh thu hon thnh tt nhim v c giao.
i din nh thu

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