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Notations:
STAAD.Pro = Structural Analysis and Design for Professionals
= Density of steel (Kg/m3)
D = Diameter of cable (mm)
Vb= Basic wind speed (m/sec)
Vd= Design wind speed (m/sec)
Pz= Design wind pressure in (N/m2)
F = Design wind force (kN)
Cf= Net Wind force Coefficient for the building
= Solidity ratio
LSM = Limit States Method
1.
168
2.
Proposed methodology
In the below flow chart (figure 1) the steps are shown according to which the research work has been carried
out.
Application of proposed methodology:The present problem is solved by using ANSYS 15.0 by following the procedure as described below: The software tool used in the design and analysis of the tower is STAAD.ProV8i. In today's world
analysis tools allow engineers to refine designs to an unprecedented degree, and as a result, many utilities
feel testing is not warranted. However, while great strides have been made in the analysis and design of
latticed steel transmission towers, differences between analysis results and full-scale tests still occur.
Manual calculations is important for the recommendations of IS codes but the validation of these results
and study of effects of these loads on the structure is also an important part to do.
Analysis of the performed task is the key to success for the safe and durable serviceability of the structure
under various load combinations.
Now based on the validation of results through STAAD.ProV8i, the important conclusions are made.
169
Problem formulation
Research study on problem
solution
Project planning
2
D = 0.024 KN/m
4
Where,
170
= Unit load centre to centre distance of one cable from the other cable
= 6 KN
Total load of the cable = 1.5 cable load + Weight of man with loads + Weight of earth wire attachment = 11 KN
Table 1 predicts the manual calculations of various loads on the towers as defined below:Table1. Manual calculations of loads on tower
For Delhi
For Panjim
1.The basic wind speed in Delhi is 47 m/sec.
2. The probability factor k1 is taken as 1.07
3.The Terrain, height and structure size factor k2
is varying at different levels of the tower and is
taken from IS code as follows:
k2 at 16m height = 0.948
k2 at 20m height = 0.98
k2 at 24m height = 1.00
k2 at 28m height = 1.02
k2 at 30m height = 1.03
4. The Topography factor k3 is assumed to be 1
for plain terrain of Delhi.
Calculation of wind load
The design wind speed is calculated as:
Vz= Vbk1k2k3
Vz at 16m = 471.070.88 1 = 47.67 m/sec
Vz at 20m = 4 1.07 0.98 1= 49.28m/sec
Vz at 24m = 47 1.07 1.1 = 50.29m/sec
Vzat 28m = 471.07 1.02 1= 51.29m/sec
Vzat 30m = 471.07 1.03 1= 51.79m/sec
171
172
DELHI
721
86.65
303
286.5
17231
12009
87.15
138.3
7.37
9.88
156
471.5
-84.6
26.87
71.32
-2.94
2.015
-17.65
-115
741
11.695
44.85
7.85
3.06
87.3
380.5
-118.15
29.395
80.55
3.15
-0.775
-78.65
1141.5
320.5
11.95
51.75
739
278
493
566
602
622
PANJIM
721
739
83.6
340.5
2714.5
13548
9586
47.3
100.75
Table 2 shows the values of axial force, shear force and bending moment for effective beams and the variation
of forces and moments between Delhi and Panjim.
3.3 Variation of Axial Force, Shear Force and Bending Moment :566
278
739
493
721
622
602
173
174
10000
Delhi
5000
Panjim
0
278 493 566 602 622
721
Member No.
175
Delhi
200
Panjim
0
-200
721
Member No.
1000
Delhi
500
Panjim
0
-500
721
Member No.
4.
Conclusions
In this paper an attempt has been made to compare the same transmission towers with same bracing system at
different wind zones viz. zone II and IV but same seismic zone i.e. zone IV located at Delhi and Panjim. The
following conclusions are drawn on the basis of the research and analysis done through the STAAD.ProV8i
and conforming the safety of same tower at both the mentioned places: There is large difference in the bending moment forces on the members on the two specified locations
with the slight change of the wind pressure force but is in safe limits and it is maximum on member no.
602 and 622.
There is huge change in the axial force in the cross arm members of the transmission tower in these two
locations for which maximum axial force is shown on member no. 566.
The parallel beam of the cross arm have very less difference in axial force in the same members i.e.
mamber no. 278 which shows that there is more effect of wind pressure in axial force on the front
members.
There is large change in the bending moment of the front members of the cross arm at the two different
locations.
Transmission tower with same bracing can be used at these two different wind zones with same seismic
zone by using different steel members at different phases of the transmission tower according the effect of
the load on the specific location members.
Further studies can be made for different seismic zones and different bracing for the tower.
176
1. Bhardwaj H. L., Ajit, and Kaushik Y.;,ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF FOUR LEG STEEL TRANSMISSION
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