THE PERFORMANCE OF EXPRESSIVE SPEECH ACTS

ON WAYNE ROONEYS FACEBOOK

a Thesis
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Magisters Degree Program
in English Language Education

by
Ahmad Tauchid
0203514091

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION

GRADUATE PROGRAM
SEMARANG STATE UNIVERSITY
2016
i

DECLARATION OF AUTHENTICITY
I Ahmad Tauchid hereby declare that this thesis represents my own work,
that no one has written it for me, that I have not copied the work of another
person, and that all sources that I have used have been properly and clearly
acknowledged.
I further certify that if I have used the ideas, words, or passages of an
outside source, I have quoted those words or paraphrased them and have provided
clear and appropriate documentation of the source of that material, both what I
have quoted and what I have paraphrased.
I understand that the plagiarism of any part or section of an academic work
suggests to the reader that other parts of the paper may not be the writer's own
work. I understand that plagiarism is a serious offense and that the penalty for
plagiarism - in any part or section of my thesis may result in a failing grade for
the thesis.

Semarang, June 27th, 2016

Ahmad Tauchid
0203514091

ii

APPROVAL
This thesis entitled THE PERFORMANCE OF EXPRESSIVE SPEECH
ACTS ON WAYNE ROONEYS FACEBOOK by,

Name

: Ahmad Tauchid

SRN

: 0203514091

Study Program

: English Education

has been examined and defended on June 27th, 2016 in front of the Board of
Thesis Examiners.

iii

Motto:
Create your own opportunities
(Ahmad Tauchid)

Dedicated to:
Graduate Program of Semarang State University

iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, allow me to thank God the Almighty, for his blessings which
made me possible complete this thesis well.
I would also like to express my grateful appreciation to Prof. Dr. Dwi
Rukmini, M.Pd, my first supervisor for all her suggestions and encouragement,
and her valuable hours. The same feeling of gratitude is offered to Prof. Dr.
Warsono, Dip. TEFL, M.A, my second supervisor, who has guided me patiently,
for his encouragement, advice, support and correction.
My special thanks go to all the lecturers of the English Language
Education at the Masters Degree Program of Semarang State University, for the
constant guidance and patience given to me during the years of my studies.
I would also like to express my grateful appreciation for the valuable
assistance rendered by all of my classmates: Aat, Ani, Arina, Ayiz, Beni, Intan,
Arifin, Ana, Manda, Manikowati, Naela, Nazih, Nur, Oki, Orin, Ratna, Reza
Ainun, Reza Fatwassani, Rohma, Trias, Ulya, Weni, and Yolanda in completing
this thesis.
Finally, a special word of thanks is directed to Musripah, Cholifah,
Mustaqim, Istiqomah, and Ali Mabruri for their prayers, encouragement, attention
and moral supports.

Semarang, June 27th, 2016

Ahmad Tauchid

ABSTRACT
Tauchid, Ahmad. 2016. The Performance of Expressive Speech Acts on Wayne
Rooneys Facebook. A Thesis. Advisor I: Prof. Dr. Dwi Rukmini, M.Pd., Advisor
II: Prof. Dr. Warsono, Dip. TEFL, M.A.
Key words: Pragmatics, Illocutionary Act, Expressive Speech Act, Perlocutionary
Acts.
Of the Searlean categories of speech acts (Assertives, Directives,
Commissives, Expressives, and Declarations), Expressive speech acts are often
considered the most elusive and difficult category in which the speakers report a
state of affairs, or in which they express their feelings, expressing the
psychological state specified in the sincerity condition about a state of affairs
specified in the propositional content.
There were three objectives of this study. They were to classify what types
of expressive speech act were performed by Wayne Rooney on his Facebook, to
describe how the expressive speech acts were performed by Wayne Rooney on his
Facebook, and to describe how the effects of expressive speech acts performed by
Wayne Rooney on the hearers were.
This study used a qualitative approach. The object of the study was
expressive speech acts. The data were taken from Wayne Rooneys Facebook,
starting from January 2012 to May 2016 and it was gained 91 data as a whole. In
conducting the study, the writer played his role as the key instrument. The units of
analysis were in the form of utterances. The procedures of collecting data were
determining the object, searching for Wayne Rooneys authentic Facebook
account, reading the status updated by Wayne Rooney accurately, and
highlighting the data. The procedures of analyzing data were classifying the data,
reducing the data, interpreting the data, and drawing an inference. The
triangulation used was expert triangulation.
The findings were that there were four types of expressive speech act on
Wayne Rooneys Facebook. They were expressive speech acts of congratulating,
complimenting, thanking, and boasting. Expressive speech act of boasting was the
most dominant one, as much as 46%. Furthermore, each type was performed by
Wayne Rooney either with direct expressive speech acts, or with the addition of
preparatory acts, supportive acts, as well as the combination of both of them to
modify the head acts as the main messages. Expressive speech acts of
congratulating tended to cause the hearers to respond the same as what the speaker
intended, namely congratulating. Meanwhile, expressive speech acts of
complimenting, thanking, and boasting were most likely to cause the hearers to
produce a large number of compliments as the responses.

vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................

ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................

vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................

vii

LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................

LIST OF APPENDICES...................................................................................

xi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.............................................................................

xii

CHAPTER
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study ........

1.2 Reasons for Choosing the Topic .....

1.3 Statement of the Problems ......

1.4 Objectives of the Study ...

1.5 Significance of the Study ........

1.6 Scope and Limitation of the Study ......

1.7 Definitions of Key Terms........

1.8 Organization of the Thesis ..........

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Review of Previous Studies ....

10

2.2 Theoretical Review ........

18

2.2.1 Pragmatics .......

18

2.2.2 Speech Acts .........

19

vii

2.2.3 Classification of Speech Acts ......

22

2.2.4 Classification of Illocutionary Acts .

24

2.2.5 Types of Expressive Speech Acts ....................

28

2.3 Theoretical Framework ......

35

3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Assumptions .......

37

3.2 Research Design .....

37

3.3 Object of the Study .....

38

3.4 Source of Data ....

39

3.5 Role of the Researcher .......

39

3.6 Unit of Analysis .....

39

3.7 Procedures of Collecting Data ....

39

3.8 Procedures of Analyzing Data ....

40

3.9 Triangulation ..

47

Results and Discussion

4.1 Results ........

48

4.1.1 Types of Expressive Speech Acts Performed by Wayne Rooney on his

Facebook ...

48

4.1.1.1 Expressive Speech Acts of Congratulating....................................

48

4.1.1.2 Expressive Speech Acts of Complimenting...

58

4.1.1.3 Expressive Speech Acts of Thanking.

65

4.1.1.4 Expressive Speech Acts of Boasting..

71

4.1.2 The Strategies Used by Wayne Rooney to Perform Expressive Speech

Acts on his Facebook ....

91

viii

4.1.3 The Effects of Expressive Speech Acts Performed by Wayne Rooney on

the Hearers..

120

4.2 Discussion ..

211

Conclusions and Suggestion

5.1 Conclusions

220

5.2 Suggestions

221

BIBLIOGRAPHY .....

222

APPENDICES ...

224

ix

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure

Page

2.3.1 Theoretical Framework ................................................................................

35

4.2.1 Types of Expressive Speech Acts ..................................................................

212

4.2.2 Expressive Speech Acts of Congratulating..... ................................................

213

4.2.3 Expressive Speech Acts of Complimenting......................................................

213

4.2.4 Expressive Speech Acts of Thanking .............................................................

214

4.2.5 Expressive Speech Acts of Boasting...............................................................

215

4.2.6 The Effects of Expressive Speech Acts of Congratulating ..............................

216

4.2.7 The Effects of Expressive Speech Acts of Complimenting..............................

217

4.2.8 The Effects of Expressive Speech Acts of Thanking........................................

218

4.2.9 The Effects of Expressive Speech Acts of Boasting.........................................

219

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix

Page

1. Expressive Speech Acts of Congratulating.........................................................

225

2. Expressive Speech Acts of Complimenting........................................................

227

3. Expressive Speech Acts of thanking..................................................................

229

4. Expressive Speech Acts of Boasting..................................................................

231

5. Summary of the Strategies Used by Wayne Rooney to Perform Expressive

Speech Acts on his Facebook...............................................................................

235

6. Summary of the Effects of Expressive Speech Acts Performed by Wayne

Rooney on the Hearers.........................................................................................

241

7. Original Data........................................................................................................

244

xi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

[]

A variable for preparatory condition

[]

A variable for propositional content condition

[ ]

A variable for sincerity condition

The sign of equality

The function that assigns to each illocutionary verb the force or type of
speech act that it names

The primitive expressive illocutionary force

The speaker of context of utterance i

bi

The hearer of context of utterance i

The integer one the truth value: truth, or the success value: success

Variable for possible contexts of utterance

The integer zero the truth value: falsehood, or the success value: lack of
success

A variable for proposition

Prop

The set of all propositions

ti

The moment of time of utterance of the context i

The degree of strength of the sincerity condition of the illocutionary force

xii

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, the writer describes about background of the study, reasons
for choosing the topic, statement of the problems, objectives of the study,
significance of the study, scope and limitation, definition of key terms, and
organization of the thesis.
1.1

Background of the Study

When people are communicating with each other, they transfer certain

meanings through the language. A branch of linguistics studying about meanings

in communication is covered in what so-called Pragmatics. It is concentrated on
the dynamic aspects of meanings in context. One main interest of pragmatics is
defining the principles for the determination of intended meaning. This meaning
may be transmitted verbally or non-verbally. Pragmatics studies language that is
not directly spoken. Instead, the speaker hints at or suggests a meaning, and the
listener assumes the correct intention. In a sense, pragmatics is seen as an
understanding between people to obey certain rules of interaction. In everyday
language, the meanings of words and phrases are constantly implied and not
explicitly stated. In certain situations, words can have a certain meaning. People
might think that words always have a specifically defined meaning, but that is not
always the case. The definition might be a bit confusing, so let us look at an
example to clarify the role of pragmatics in our language. This example is one that
you probably use in your own life every day. When our friend asks, 'How are you
today?', do you immediately go into an in-depth account of your health issues,

varying mood, relationship status, and everything else going on in your life? Of
course not! Usually, you respond with something similar too, 'Fine, how are you?'
with the same expectation that our friend will not go into full detail of how he or
she truly is. This interaction perfectly shows pragmatics at work. It is understood
that this question does not really ask you to explain everything going on in your
life. The implication relies on the context and situation. Thus, to understand more
about pragmatics in context and situation, it is much better to study about speech
acts which become significant aspects to be discussed further.
Speech act theory attempts to explain how speakers use language to
accomplish intended actions and how hearers infer intended meaning from what is
said. This is obviously important to take account of speech acts into a deep
analysis in conjunction with a large number of issues which potentially arise. Just
take a look at the following illustration. When the speakers utter something, then
the hearers afford to catch the meanings produced by the speakers. It can even
cause misunderstanding when the hearers fail to process the intended meanings
from the speakers. Furthermore, the speakers have something in their mind in
which they expect the hearers to do so, but in some cases the speakers
expectation is not the same as what the hearers understand. Speech acts try to
discuss how any utterances are produced by speakers so that they have intended
meanings which should be comprehended by hearers not only explicitly but also
implicitly. Furthermore, those intended meanings affect the hearers to react, act,
and do something. In speech acts, the terms such as locutionary acts, illocutionary
acts, and perlocutionary acts are familiar. Locutionary act refers to the literal

meaning of what is said. For example: It is hot in here. Illocutionary act is the
social function of what is said. For example: It is hot in here could be an indirect
request for someone to open the windows, an indirect refusal to close the window
because someone is cold, or a complaint implying that someone should know
better than to keep the windows closed (expressed emphatically). While
perlocutionaty act is the effect of what is said. For example: It is hot in here
could result in someone opening the windows. Speech acts have a crucial role in
pragmatics because they are not merely a matter of speeches and acts, but there is
power or force behind the words which really need a deep analysis.
The domain of speech acts is then focused on the intended meanings or
illocutionary acts. The concept of an illocutionary act is central to the concept of a
speech act. Sometimes what is said is what is meant, but it is very often that what
is said is not what is meant. In particular contexts, utterances are contrasted to
meanings that want to be conveyed by speakers. When what is said is what is
meant, hearers need not do interpretation complicatedly and it is easy to
understand. Meanwhile, when what is said is not what is meant, hearers endeavor
hard to catch the meanings of the utterances. Illocutionary acts have a force as an
aspect of speaker meaning. It means that speakers, in producing utterances, have
power to control someone else to do something in accordance with what they
desire. For example, in a classroom situation when a lecturer utters do this
assignment and submit it tomorrow to the students, then the students are most
likely to obey what their lecturer instructs. Though the students may possibly
refuse the lecturers instruction, they in fact do not do that. Here it is obviously

illustrated that an utterance produced by the lecturer is not a mere utterance, but
there is power that forces the students to do a lecturers instruction. Those
utterances are capable of influencing the hearers because of the illocutionary
force. Then illocutionary act is categorized into some, but this study focused only
on one of them, i.e. expressive speech act.
Of the Searlean categories of speech acts (Assertives, Directives,
Commissives, Expressives, and Declarations), Expressive speech acts are often
considered the most elusive and difficult category in which the speakers report a
state of affairs, or in which they express their feelings, expressing the
psychological state specified in the sincerity condition about a state of affairs
specified in the propositional content. They have received attention in the earlier
studies. For example, the dimension of irony versus sincerity becomes prominent
with compliments. Apologies are expressed in routinised, perhaps even ritual and
rule-governed forms, though creative instances can also be found. Expressive
speech act is one of the types which has a direction of fit from world-to-words.
The speakers try to fit their words to the world. Expressives, in a very general
sense, indicate the speakers feelings. They comprise speech acts such as
greetings, compliments, apologies, etc. In speech acts such as greetings and
apologies the truth of what is said is not at issue. Greetings do not even have a
propositional content that could be true or not, and they also lack sincerity
conditions. Greetings are exchanged as courteous recognitions of the addressee
who has just been encountered. Apologies, on the other hand, constitute a facethreat to the speakers own positive face because they acknowledge an offence or

a potential offence for which the speaker feels responsible. Compliments are less
clear-cut cases. They depend to a large extent on the reaction of the hearer
because they express a proposition that is perceived as friendly and polite. Such
perceptions may differ from one person to the other. When expressive speech acts
are related to the recent phenomena showing that people tend to show off their
feelings in public especially in social media because of the development of
technology, expressive speech act has a significant role and it is very important to
study them.
1.2

Reasons for Choosing the Topic

There were several reasons for the writer to choose the topic. Among them

were as follows:
To follow up the research findings from Ilyas and Khusni in 2012 that
status messages on Facebook were dominated by expressive speech acts, then the
writer wanted to study more deeply what types of expressive speech act, how they
were performed, and how the effects were. This was very important that this study
be done to improve the quality of the previous study.
Many people expressed their expression of emotional state or attitude on
social

media.

According

to

the

data

taken

from

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media, Facebook in 2015 was the social

media with the most users as many as 1,100,000,000 followed by Twitter as many
as 310,000,000 users and LinkedIn as many as 255,000,000 users. The site on
https://zephoria.com/top-15-valuable-Facebook-statistics/ also added that Every
60 seconds on Facebook 510 comments were posted, 293,000 statuses were

updated, and 136,000 photos were uploaded. This data showed that Facebook was
the most popular social media used by people all over the world. Facebook was
utilized by a large number of people to do things which potentially produced more
expressive acts. Based on the statistical data above, the writer decided to use
Facebook as the media for his study because utterances containing expressive
speech acts were able to be obtained more comprehensively.
There were a few considerations for the writer to take data from Wayne
Rooney. Among them were Wayne Rooney had Facebook account, his Facebook
account could be authentically identified, he always updated statuses in the forms
of utterances on Facebook, his utterances were totally in English, his utterances
were unhidden, and above all his utterances were dominated by expressive speech
acts instead of the others. Based on the considerations above, the writer
determined to choose Wayne Rooney because all of the requirements were
suitable for him.
1.3

Statement of the Problems

There were three problems formulated in this study. They were:

1. What types of expressive speech act were performed by Wayne Rooney on

his Facebook?
2. How were the expressive speech acts performed by Wayne Rooney on his
Facebook?
3. How were the effects of expressive speech acts performed by Wayne Rooney
on the hearers?

1.4

Objectives of the Study

The objectives of the study here were the roadmap for the writer to study

the problems which had already been formulated.

1. To classify what types of expressive speech act were performed by Wayne
Rooney on his Facebook.
2. To describe how the expressive speech acts were performed by Wayne
Rooney on his Facebook.
3. To describe how the effects of expressive speech acts performed by Wayne
Rooney on the hearers were.
1.5

Significance of the Study

1.

Theoretical Significance
This study was expected to be able to complete the previous theory of

speech acts proposed by Austin in 1962 and Searle in 1969 and 1985 by relating
to the new approach of communicative act theory proposed by Petrus in 2010 and
Fetzer in 2013.
2.

Practical Significance
This study was aimed at proving the occurrence of modifiers such as

preparatory and supportive acts along with the head act (the main message) to
make the complexity of expressive speech acts in public utterances, and the
possible effects of certain types of expressive speech acts.
3.

Pedagogical Significance
This study was intended to those who were learning English, especially

English students to know how to perform expressive speech acts and to expose

what the possible effects were, when certain types of expressive speech acts were
performed so that the students had much better knowledge of expressive speech
acts.
1.6

Scope and Limitation of the Study

The scope of this study was pragmatics. To avoid general and broader

discussion, the writer limited the study related to the expressive speech acts only.
1.7

Definition of Key Terms

To make this study much more understandable, the writer provided some

terms which were used in the study.

1. Pragmatics is the cognitive, social, and cultural science of language and
communication. (Verschueren and Ostman, 2009:1).
2. Illocutionary act is the speech act or force, showing the intention of the
speaker; how the act is to be understood by the addressee. (Castro, 2012:61).
3. Expressive speech act is speakers expression of emotional state or attitude
such as praising, blaming, congratulating, etc. (Brown and Miller, 2013:163).
4. Perlocutionary act is the result of speakers utterance on three relevant parts in
communication speaker, hearer, and other unintended hearers in the context.
(Qiang, 2013:61).
1.8

Organization of the Thesis

This thesis is organized into five chapters. Chapter one, introduction,

consists of background of the study, reasons for choosing the topic, statement of
the problems, objectives of the study, significance of the study, scope and
limitation of the study, definition of key terms, and organization of the thesis.

Chapter two, constituting review of related literature, consists of review of

previous studies, theoretical review, and theoretical framework. The writer
reviewed previous studies conducted by some researchers. Then theoretical
review itself was subdivided into some parts. They were pragmatics, speech acts,
classification of speech acts, classification of illocutionary acts, and expressive
speech acts. Chapter three, research methodology, consists of assumptions,
research design, object of the study, source of data, role of the researcher, unit of
analysis, procedures of collecting data, procedures of analyzing data, and
triangulation. Chapter four consists of results and discussion. Finally chapter five
is conclusions and suggestions.

10

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter is divided into three parts. The first is review of previous
studies. The second is theoretical review. Then the last is theoretical framework.
Each part is conveyed in the following sub-chapters.
2.1

Review of Previous Studies

Undoubtedly, issues on speech acts had already been one of the primary

concerns of researchers in the field of language teaching and learning. It was

Ainurrohmah who had already studied the use of illocutionary acts in 2011. She
investigated the use of illocutionary acts based on Searles speech act
classification. The main problem of this study was how illocutionary acts were
used in Stephanie Mayers Now Moon, but it was elaborated into several subproblems. They were how representative speech acts were used in the novel, how
directive speech acts were used in the novel, how commissive speech acts were
used in the novel, how expressive speech acts were used in the novel, and how
declarative speech acts were used in the novel. The novel which was analyzed was
entitled New Moon.
The study used the qualitative method. The data included utterances from
the characters conversation containing illocutionary acts in the novel. In
conducting the study, Ainurrohmah read the novel carefully and made notes on
the pages containing the required data. Then she classified the data into five
classifications. They were representative, directive, commissive, expressive and
declarative speech act and analyzed them. The researcher gave her role as the data

10 9

11

analyzer. She tried to analyze and describe the use of speech acts verbs based on
Searles speech act classification. The kinds of speech acts were implemented
through the characters utterances in the novel. Then she gave her description
about the function of those utterances.
The result of the study showed that there were 219 utterances containing
the illocutionary acts. The previous researcher found 95 utterances or 43.38%
from the total data for representative speech acts with the speech act verbs
including stating, denying, asserting, agreeing, informing, assuring, concluding,
reporting, predicting, telling, guessing, describing, claiming, and reminding. Then
it was followed by directive speech acts with 49 utterances or 20.37% data, and
the speech act verbs used included suggesting, requesting, begging, and ordering.
Commissive speech acts used were 25 utterances or about 18.71% with the
common verbs used such as offering, committing, promising, and rejecting.
Meanwhile expressive speech acts used were 41 utterances or 11.42% with speech
act verbs used such as greeting, surprising, liking, fearing, apologizing, thanking,
regretting, and praising. The last was declarative speech acts for which only 9
utterances were found or only 4.11% from the total data. The common speech act
verbs used were cursing, announcing, declaring, and defining.
After reading the study conducted by Ainurrohmah, the writer then
evaluated this study. Ainurrohmah stated that she would like to describe the use
of illocutionary acts in a novel but at the end of the result in fact she presented the
number of utterances that occurred as well as the percentages without describing
how those speech acts were performed. There was inconsistency between the

12

research questions and the findings. This study needed to be completed in order
that the problems which had already been formulated at the beginning could be
resolved.
Following the previous study above, in 2012 Bayat from faculty of
education, department of pre-school teacher education, Akdeniz University,
Turkey studied about the use of speech acts. This study aimed at investigating
what strategies were used for apologizing, complaining, refusing, thanking, and to
what extent they performed explicitly or implicitly the acts of apologizing,
complaining, refusing, and thanking.
The participants of this descriptive study were 155 teacher candidates
continuing their education at Akdeniz University, Faculty of Education,
Department of Pre School Teacher Education. Data in the study were collected by
asking the participants to write the language structure they used in apologizing,
complaining, refusing and thanking cases. Data collected from the participants
were analyzed by three researchers. The data were evaluated by using a content
analysis technique. The data obtained from this process were categorized and
organized according to strategies used in each speech act. During Categorization
process, when there was more than one strategy found within a language structure,
the most dominant one was taken into consideration. The dominant strategy was
determined with the approval of three experts. Strategies used to perform the acts
of apologizing, complaining, refusing and thanking were presented as frequencies
and percentages.

13

The findings of the study showed that there were eight different strategies
in dimension of apology. Giving a reason, especially, appeared to be the most
common used strategy of apology. In the act of complaining, a total of ten
strategies were determined. The most frequently used strategy among these was
reflecting results strategy. Reflecting results in the act of complaining provided an
implicit justification for the person aggrieved to eliminate the negativity emerged.
In the act of refusing, a total of six strategies were determined. The most
frequently used strategy among these was giving a reason strategy. Giving reasons
strategy was the most important one compared to other strategies in terms of
justifying a refusal to offer. The last dealt with thanking. A total of six different
strategies were determined with regard to thanking. Among these, thanking
directly was the most frequently referred strategy. Thanking had a reinforcing
function in relations as it showed that the parties recognized the goodness done
and it reflected their corresponding sensitivities.
This study was good enough to explain the strategies used by teacher
candidates. The researcher investigated the strategies of apologizing, complaining,
refusing, and thanking. In the meantime, the weakness of this study was that the
researcher did not review certain theories to explain the strategies of speech acts.
He just used his interpretations to analyze the strategies, so that it could influence
the validity of this study.
Similar study was also conducted by Ilyas and Khusni in the same year in
2012. They were from Fatimah Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
In their study, they analyzed speech acts through Facebook status. This study

14

explored the use of language in a context, which in this case was the social
networking website Facebook. The researchers aimed at studying the
communicative functions that emerged from analysis of the status updates. How
identities were established and represented through language was also examined.
For this research, 60 participants were chosen in the age group of 18-24
years. Their status updates were collected for 5 days and then categorized
according to the devised coding. A total of 171 updates were collected and
categorized according to their communicative content. Some of them had to be
broken into two or more parts because of the difference of the communicative
function of the update. The quantitative approach was employed in the collection
and the categorization of the data. It was used to compute the percentages and
statistics of the categories which in turn defined the communicative functions of
Facebook status updates.
The findings revealed that status messages were most frequently
constructed with expressive speech acts, followed by assertives and directives.
33.33 % of the updates belonged to expressive speech acts, which showed that the
expression of emotions was an integral part of self expression through updates.
This category presented a variety of emotions from joy, love, sorrow and
boredom. Assertive acts included phrases used to address a specific idea,
proposition or belief. Speakers committed themselves to something that was true.
28.07% of the updates belonged to this category. 18.12% of the updates belonged
to directive speech acts. The theme of the status updates categorized in this
category was commands, orders, requests and suggestions. 2.32% of the updates

15

belonged to commisive acts. These were the status updates in which people
committed themselves to future actions. The updates could be a promise, a simple
statement but the function was that the person was committed to the statement
s/he had given. The intention behind commisive acts was that of offering,
promising, refusing and volunteering. 15.21% of the updates belonged to
quotations. Quotations were the updates which the participant had not written.
These included quotations, jokes, epigrams etc. The last was 2.9% belonged to
poetic verses. This category included complete poems or some verses from a
poem. The themes could vary from expression of love, sadness, joy and
inspiration or support.
The research above showed that the different communicative aspects that
emerged through the categorization of the updates varied from expressing what
one was feeling to sharing quotes and poetry. Through status updates people did
not only express their emotions but also share details about their daily life
activities as to what they were doing or what was going on in their lives at that
moment. This showed how socialization patterns emerged through the sharing of
feelings, information and ideas. Status updates were just one of the ways in which
people let other network members feel their presence. This aspect did not only
help people stay connected to each other but reinforce the bonds of friendship
between members. Examining status updates was only one very small part of
Facebook, other areas like peoples comments on different issues could be
studied.

16

In different occasion, Hiani also studied the performance of speech acts in

2015 in Morrocco. He tried to investigate fifteen speech acts among the most
frequently used ones in the daily life conversations, namely the speech acts of
apologizing,

inviting,

congratulating adding

information,

complimenting,

introducing, greeting, expressing gratitude, refusing, helping, making suggestions,

requesting, offering, criticizing, and complaining.
Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) were used as the major data
collection instruments. Concerning the participants, the study included 100
undergraduate students of English department at the school of Arts and
Humanities in Meknes. These students were chosen randomly out of 331, this
sampling represented 30.21% of the whole population. Furthermore, the study
included also 12 American native speakers. Six of them were teachers at the
American language center in Meknes, while others were included based on online
communication. It should be noted that these American native speakers were
chosen as a reference through which the responses of the Moroccan EFL learners
were corrected. In other words, the different responses obtained by the American
native speakers on every speech act were listed in a checklist. The latter provided
the source upon which the appropriateness of every response was assessed.
The findings were that the respondents produced highly appropriate
responses in performing the speech act of congratulating (84%), and 16%
inappropriate responses. Apologizing, introducing, greeting, expressing gratitude,
and refusing were functions in which the respondents could obtain results just
above the average 56% - 67%, and 39% - 44% inappropriate responses.

17

Requesting produced 41% appropriate responses and 59% inappropriate

responses. The last, adding information, complimenting, helping, making
suggestions, inviting, and offering, produced 21% - 33% appropriate responses
and 67% - 79% inappropriate responses.
This showed that the researcher only investigated how much the percentage
of speech acts were performed by Morrocoan students. Then he categorized the
results whether those speech acts were performed appropriately or inappropriately.
Anyway, the reseacher did not describe how the speech acts were performed
appropriately or inappropriately. In this case, the study still needed to be
develeped further to get better quality, so that the readers could understand how
those speech acts were classified into appropriate or inappropriate acts.
The similarity of the writers study with the previous ones was that they
studied about speech acts respectively by implementing the same scope of the
study, i.e. pragmatics. The differences of the writers study with the previous ones
were on the research questions, the limitation of the study, and the theories. The
previous studies used a speech act theory only; meanwhile the writers study
related a speech act theory with communicative act theory. Based on the previous
studies above, the writer then decided to focus his study more specifically on one
of the speech acts which had already been studied, namely expressive speech acts.
As a result, the deeper analysis could be obtained and sharpened for the sake of
better knowledge.

18

2.2

Theoretical Review
The writer reviewed some theories proposed by linguists such as Austin,

Searle, Petrus, Fetzer, and etc for the references of his study. The related theories
which were reviewed by the writer constituted pragmatics, speech acts,
classification of speech acts, classification of illocutionary acts, and types of
expressive speech act. Each of them is discussed in the following.
2.2.1 Pragmatics
In this part, the writer totally reviewed theory of pragmatics. In learning
any language, pragmatics has a significant role. Pragmatics deals with the study of
meanings in context, although the context is always an elusive and subjective
composite that tries to shed a holistic, though partial, view on reality. Trillo
(2012:117) had identified two main traditions in the study of pragmatics: the first
understands pragmatics as a dynamic subject in reality, for instance Mey (1993:4):
Pragmatics tells us it is all right to use language in various, unconventional ways,
as long as we know, as language users, what we are doing. In other words,
Pragmatics in this tradition can be the driving force in the transmission of
meaning relations in communication. The second tradition describes Pragmatics
as a static subject; cf. Leech (1983:6), the study of meaning in relation to speech
situations. In other words, the dynamic tradition paves the way for the novelty of
speech whereas the static tries to weave a univocal relationship between language
and reality. The first would look for inventive relationships between language,
reality and individuals, while the second would try to establish the link between
words, meanings and situations.

19

From the statements above, it is clear that pragmatics intends to identify

the intentions with which utterances are pronounced and how they may help
clarify the meaning behind some grammatical structures that do not render their
transparent pragmatic force on the basis of their construction. Pragmatics
necessarily demands the use of acoustic analysis to identify the elements that are
significant for meaning creation at the pragmatics level. It needs to differentiate
between the useful features in the description of the individual speaker and those
that knit the web of meaning contrasts at the language level. In order to address
that general concern, pragmatics engages the scholar in a wide variety of topics.
One major area is speech acts.
2.2.2 Speech Acts
The second related review of the study is speech act. Human beings are
given speech organs which can be used to produce speech sounds. Because of this
condition, we are able to say anything in the form of utterances. When we say
something to someone, at the same time we also do something dealing with the
arrangement of our utterances. Our acts in using utterances in everyday
communication are known as speech acts. The notion of a speech act is fairly well
understood. Searle (1969: 7) stated that the theory of speech act starts with the
assumption that the minimal unit of human communication is not a sentence or
other expression, but rather the performance of certain kinds of acts, such as
making statement, asking questions, giving orders, describing, explaining,
apologizing,

thanking,

congratulating,

etc.

In

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/speechact, it is stated that the study of speech acts

20

forms part of the discipline of pragmatics, which forms part of linguistics. In

addition, Bach (2003) notes that a speech act is quintessentially pragmatics
because it is created when speaker makes an utterance to hearer in context and
must be interpreted as an aspect of social interaction. In general, speech acts are
acts of communications. Moreover, to communicate is to express a certain
attitude, and act defined as the units at the lowest rank of discourse (Coulthard,
1977:8).
As an act of communication, a speech act succeeds if the audience
identities, in accordance with the speakers intention, are expressed. The first
thing one should notice is that speech acts are actions happening in the world, that
is, they bring about a change in the existing state of affairs (Mey, 1993:111). We
can make requests, ask questions, give orders, make promises, give thanks, offer,
apologies, and so on. A major task for the theory of speech acts is to account for
how speakers can succeed in what they do despite the various ways which
linguistic meaning under determines use. Furthermore, almost any speech act is
really the performance of several acts at once, distinguished by different aspects
of the speakers intention. Speech acts might be seen as a prototypically
pragmatics phenomenon in the sense that they challenge the notion that there is a
one to one correspondence between a form and its function (Grundy, 1995:105).
Studying speech acts is not a non sense, according to Searle (1969:16) the
reason for concentrating on the study of speech acts is simply this: all linguistic
communication involves linguistic acts. Therefore studying speech acts is very
important because every day we concern with linguistic communication. Owens

21

(2000:57) gives a statement relates to speech acts. He states that a speech act is a
unit of linguistic communication expressed according to linguistic rules that
convey a speakers conceptual representations and intentions. Moreover he
defines intention as speakers attitude toward the proposition. Even though focus
of speech act theory has been on utterances, especially those made in
conversational and other face-to-face situations, Owens (2000:27) states that the
phrase speech act should be taken as a generic term for any sort of language
use, and or otherwise.
Searle has proposed two fundamental aspects of speech acts theory; they
are meaning and intentionality (Searle 1969:43). According to him, the
manifestation of the intention of performing an act is enough for that act to be
performed. Further, he suggests intentionality as a characteristic to group some
speech act verb. Although speech act verbs categorized as performatives but they
may not reach the performance attributed if intentionality by the speaker is
missing. Whereas meaning relates to the situation in which the utterance is issued
and based on the hearers interpretation. From many definitions about speech act
above, it is clearly explained that speech act is the main part of our daily
communication. And the simplest unit of human communication is the
performance of certain kinds of act, such as statement, asking question, giving
orders, describing or explaining something from the speaker to the hearer. The
actions in those utterances can be identified into three components of speech act,
they are; locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary act which were explained
further.

22

2.2.3 Classification of Speech Acts

Utterances perform three kinds of act. Austin (1962:108) identifies three
distinct levels of action beyond the act of utterance. He classifies the three levels
of act began with the effect those words have on an audience. They are called
locutionary act, illocutionary, and perlocutionary act.
Locutionary act is the aspect of language which has been the traditional
concern of linguistics (Stubbs, 1983:152). The locutionary act is the act of saying
something: producing a series of sounds which means something. In other words,
locutionary act is the act simply uttering a sentence from a language; it is a
description of what the speaker says. It is the act of using a referring expressions
and a predicating expression. It is the acts of saying something in which each
word in the sentences is uttered exactly the same as its meaning in the ordinary.
Austin (1962:407) states that the content of locutionary act (what is said) is not
always determined by what is meant by the sentences being uttered.
In order to make the understanding about locutionary act, observe the
following example. Suppose, for example, that a bartender utters the words, The
bar will be closed in five minutes, reported by means of direct quotation. He is
thereby performing the locutionary act of saying that the bar (i.e., the one he is
tending) will be closed in five minutes (from the utterance), and what is said is
reported by indirect quotation (notice that what the bartender is saying, the content
of his locutionary act, is not fully determined by the words he is using, for they do
not specify the bar in question or the time of the utterance). When the bartender

23

does not utter it to a definite hearer, the utterance has no sense. However, the
utterance is absolutely right because everyone can get the meaning easily.
Illocutionary act is performed in saying something, and includes acts such
as betting, promising, denying, stating, promising, apologizing, threatening,
predicting, ordering and requesting, and ordering. Some of the verbs used to label
illocutionary acts can be used performatively. Moreover, illocutionary act can be
defined as what the speaker intends to do by uttering a sentence, (Sari, 1988:15).
In other words, it is the out in saying something using a certain intention.
Coulthard (1977:18) states that basically an illocutionary act is a linguistic act
performed in uttering a certain words in a given context.
The most significant level of action in a speech act is the illocutionary act
because the force, which has been desired by the speakers, determines this act.
Illocutionary act can be the real description of interaction condition. For example
the bartender says, The bar will be closed in five minutes. In saying this, the
bartender is performing the illocutionary act of informing the patrons of the bars
imminent closing and perhaps also the act of urging them to order a last drink.
Whereas the result of the illocutionary acts is the understanding on the part of the
audience.
The last act is the perlocutionary act produces some effect on the hearer of
what the speaker says. Therefore, perlocutionary act is hearers behavioral
response to the meaning of utterance. It can be a physical or verbal response,
perhaps merely a mental or emotional response of some kind. As with
illocutionary act the effect associated with a perlocutionary force of the utterance.

24

Although important to a complete understanding of speech act, perlocutionary act

are fortunately, poorly understood at the present time. Perlocutionary act would
include such effects as persuading, embarrassing, intimidating, boring, irritating,
or inspiring the hearer. For instance a bartender utters the words, The bar will be
closed in five minutes. Perlocutionary acts are performed with the intention of
producing a further effect. The bartender intends to be performing the
perlocutionary acts of causing the patrons to believe that the bar is about to close
and of getting them to want and to order one last drink. He is performing all these
speech acts, at all three levels, just by uttering certain words.
After knowing the definition of each speech act component, the writer
concerned the study on the illocutionary speech act which dealt with the
utterances. There were many theories about illocutionary act classifications and
the writer took Searles theory of illocutionary act classifications for his study.
2.2.4 Classification of Illocutionary Acts
Speech acts are all the acts we perform through speaking and it is not just
acts of producing certain sounds. Speech acts always deal with our daily life. We
tell people how things are, we try to get them to do things, we commit ourselves
to doing things, we express our feelings and attitudes, and we bring about changes
through our utterance. Perhaps the most significant characteristic of speech acts is
that after their performance, the world has changed into a new reality promised
something. More dramatically, the world has changed significantly for a particular
person after a sentence has been passed on him or her. Searle posits the nation of
illocutionary point which is the point or purpose of its being act of that type.

25

Searle (1969:34-8) as quoted by Mey (1993:131) proceeds to a classification of

illocutionary acts. There are five classes of acts. They are representative, directive,
commissive, expressive, and declarative.
Representative speech act or assertive speech act is a speech act that
commits the speaker to the truth of the expressed proposition. It has a truth-value,
show words to world fit, and express speakers belief toward something.
Representative speech act uses language to tell people how things are, as in
concluding, telling, asserting, hypothesizing, etc. for instance: Nicole Kidman is
a beautiful woman. The sentence is a form of a statement. The speaker can state
the sentence based on the fact or just gives his or her own opinion about physical
condition of a person. It can be his or her subjective opinion. Here are the lists of
representative speech acts: asserting, claiming, affirming, stating, denying,
disclaiming, assuring, arguing, rebutting, informing, notifying, reminding,
objecting, predicting, reporting, retrodicting, suggesting, insisting, conjecturing,
hypothesizing, guessing, swearing, testifying, admitting, confessing, accusing,
blaming, and criticizing.
Directive speech act is attempted by the speaker to get the addressee to do
something. The point of which is to direct the hearer towards doing something;
which have a world to word direction of fit; in which a wish is expressed; in
which the proposition is a future act done by the hearer. In other words, directives
use language to try to get someone to do thing as in demanding, commanding,
requesting, advising, suggesting, etc. One example of this kind of speech act is
when a father speaks to his son, Close the door the sentence contains directive

26

speech act. The speaker in this case father gives command to the hearer which is
symbolized by his son to close the door. Here are the lists of directive speech
acts: directing, requesting, asking, urging, telling, requiring, demanding,
commanding, ordering, forbidding, prohibiting, enjoining, permitting, suggesting,
insisting, warning, advising, recommending, begging, supplicating, entreating,
beseeching, imploring, and praying.
Similar to directives, commisive operates a change in the world by means
of creating an obligation; in this case, the speaker creates the obligation. In other
words, commisives are acts, which commit the speaker. It includes promise, offer,
swear, plague, etc. See the following example of commisive act: I will marry you
as soon as possible. Here, the sentence contains a promise from the speaker to
the hearer. It shows that the promise has been realized yet. The speaker promises
that he will marry the hearer as soon as possible. Here are the lists of commisive
act: committing, promising, threatening, vowing, pledging, swearing, accepting,
consenting, refusing, offering, biding, assuring, guarantying, warranting,
contracting, covenanting, and betting.
The main point of expressive is that a certain psychological state is
expressed. It is to express the speakers inner state toward a certain thing. It has no
direction of fit; in which the proposition ascribes a property or act to the speaker
or the hearer. In other words, expressive uses language to express the feelings and
attitudes, such as apologizing, thanking, condoling, congratulating, complaining,
lamenting, protesting, deploring, boasting, complimenting, praising, greeting, and
welcoming.

27

Declarative act is made by someone who is especially authorized to do so

within some institutional framework. It is to bring something about in the world,
which has both a world to world direction of fit; in which no psychological
state is expressed; in which any proposition can occur. Declarations are typically
broadcast within a social group to perform such acts stipulated conditions. We
also can say that declarations use language to bring about changes in the world
through utterances, as in declaring war, nominating a candidate, etc. For example
I declare this national park to be opened. This sentence may be uttered by a
president of a certain country who has the authority or duty to do so. The
following are the lists of declarative acts: declaring, resigning, adjourning,
appointing,
renouncing,

nominating,
disclaiming,

approving,

confirming,

denouncing,

disapproving,

repudiating,

blessing,

endorsing,
cursing,

excommunicating, consecrating, christening, abbreviating, naming, and calling.

Furthermore, Petrus (2010:225) added that performances of a certain sort
of actions, viz. as illocutionary acts are construed as communicative acts.
A communicative act is an utterance or set of utterances (communicative act set),
that we use to perform some sort of linguistic action or function in
communication. For example, we use language to apologize, request, compliment,
invite, refuse, greet, and complain. Here are some things to remember
about communicative acts: The length and complexity of these acts can vary
greatly. Sometimes they require only one word (e.g., the greeting "Hello!") and
other times require numerous words and sentences in a complex sequence (e.g.,
"Good Morning, Mr. President. It is a pleasure to meet you").

28

A written communicative act has a role which is not only to pass on a

message to the addressee, as typified in mainstream speech act theory and face-toface interaction, but also to signal group status and esteem within the competitive
political apparatus of the country. Fetzer (2013:224) stated that written
communicative acts, as opposed to oral or spoken acts, do not require immediate
feedback, e.g. in the form of an illocutionary effect or a perlocutionary act; are
open to different interpretations across time and cultures, and may be made up of
several individual speech acts functioning together to realize the communicative
intent of the communicative act.
In expressing the speech act, speakers generally use modifiers to either
mitigate or upgrade or aggravate the effect of their speech acts. Trosborg in Fetzer
(2013:226) classified modifiers into preparatory acts and supportive acts.
Preparatory acts are other sentences or utterances that come before the head act
(the main message), while supportive acts are other sentences or utterances that
come after the head act. These modifiers and the head act work together to form a
communicative act, i.e. a social speech event realizable in more than one complete
syntactic structure. The modifiers could be different types of speech acts, for
instance, for thanking to be realized appropriately, a compliment (an expressive
speech act) could be used as a preparatory act.
2.2.5 Types of Expressive Speech Acts
When people express their psychological state, their expressions
simultaneously carry out certain acts. These acts are what so-called expressive
speech acts. As quoted in https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/speech_act, expressive

29

speech act is expression of the speakers attitudes and emotions towards the
proposition, e.g. congratulations, excuses, thanks, etc. It is so clear that when
speakers express something in their mind, they do certain acts performed with
utterances. The following utterances are the examples of expressive speech acts;
wow, excellent result!, that was stupid, he has damn well spent our
money, etc. Then Searle (1985:211) mentioned that expressive speech acts can
be divided into apologizing, thanking, condoling, congratulating, complaining,
lamenting, protesting, deploring, boasting, complimenting, greeting, and
welcoming.
The first classification of expressive speech act is apologizing. The point
of apologizing is to express sorrow or regret for some state of affairs that the
speaker is responsible for. The preparatory condition is thus that the speaker must
be responsible for the thing about which the sorrow is expected. For this reason
most of the things one apologizes for are ones actions, but they need to be actions
provided that the speaker assumes responsibility for them. And the second
preparatory condition is that the proposition is true and the state of affairs
represented by the propositional content is bad for the hearer. Thus,
apologizing is an expressive illocutionary force of the form [][]where
(i, P) = {regret or remorse that P}, and (i, P) = {P, the state of affairs that P is
bad for bi, i at time ti assumes responsibility for P}.
The second is thanking. The point of thanking is to express gratitude. The
preparatory conditions are that the thing in question benefits or is good for the
speaker and the hearer is responsible for it. As with apologies, one normally

30

thanks for the actions, but the propositional content need not necessarily represent
an action provided that the hearer is responsible. It is important to note that one
apologizes to the hearer and one thanks the hearer in each case for something
about him and his relation to the state of affairs specified in the propositional
content. Thus, thanking is an expressive illocutionary force of the form

[][]where (i, P) = {gratitude (P)}, and (i, P) = {P, the proposition that bi
is responsible for the state of affairs that P at time ti, that state of affairs is good
for the speaker i}. It is important to notice that one apologizes to the hearer and
one thanks the hearer in each case for something about him and his relation to the
state of affairs specified in the propositional content.
Condoling is also a part of expressive speech act. The verb condole is
obsolete and has been replaced by the use of the noun condolence. Thus one
sends ones condolences. When one condoles, one expresses sympathy and the
preparatory condition is that the thing in question is bad for the hearer usually
some great misfortune. Thus, condoling is an expressive illocutionary force of
the form [][][]where (i, P) = {sympathy (P)}, (i) = {P/P represents a
state of affairs that has something to do with the hearer bi}, and (i, P) = {P, the
state of affairs that P is (very) bad for the hearer bi}.
The

next

is

congratulating.

The

opposite

of

condoling

is

congratulating. In congratulating one expresses pleasure with the preparatory

condition that the thing in question is beneficial or good for the hearer. Unlike
thanking, and like condoling, congratulating need not involve an act or anything
the hearer is responsible for. It may be simply some item or good fortune. Thus,

31

congratulating

is

an

expressive

illocutionary

force

of

the

form

[][][]where (i, P) = {pleasure (P)}, = Prop condoling and (i, P) = {P,

the state of affairs that P is good for the hearer bi}. The symmetry between
condoling and congratulating is reflected in the fact that condoling is expressing
sympathy for the misfortune or others; congratulating is expressing pleasure at the
good fortune of others. In each case one condoles or congratulates only the person
or persons whose fortune or misfortune is involved.
Complaining can be considered as expressive speech act. When one
complains, one expresses discontent. The preparatory condition is that what one is
expressing discontent about is bad, though this need not strictly be a
presupposition since one can complain simply by saying that it is bad. There is no
preparatory condition that the hearer must be in any way responsible for what one
is complaining about. One can complain about the weather, inflation, or etc. This
is why complaining can be either an assertive or an expressive. One can complain
by asserting that something is bad or one can simply express ones discontent.
One can say, for example, That was a terrible thing to do (assertive), or one can
complain by saying How awful (expressive). Thus, complaining is an
expressive

illocutionary

force

of

the

form

[][]where

(i,P)

{dissatisfaction (P)}, and (i, P) = {P, the state of affairs that P is bad}.
Lamenting, unlike complaining, need not be a speech act. One can simply
feel sorrow for something and therefore be said to be lamenting it. There is,
however, a use of the verb to lament in which it denotes strong public or overt
expressions of sorrow. Again, as with complaining, one need not be assigning any

32

responsibility to the hearer for the thing lamented. Thus, lamenting is an

expressive illocutionary force that differs from complaining only by the fact
that lamenting (i, P) = {sorrow (P)}, dissatisfaction (P). Lamenting is closely
related to mourning for and grieving over, though mourning and grieving have
closer connections with death and loss that does mere lamenting. One might
reasonably be said to lament the passing of the glass milk bottle, but it would at
best be ironic to say that one mourned for it or grieved over it.
Protesting, like complaining and lamenting, presupposes that what is
represented by the propositional context is bad. However, protesting has some
specific features of its own. First, the psychological state expressed is not mere
sorrow or discontent, but rather disapproval and protesting is a formal expression
of disapproval. Secondly, though the hearer may not be directly responsible for
the bad state of affairs, he must be able to change it and be responsible for it at
least in the sense that he could change it and has not so far done so. For example,
one may protest to higher authorities about the behavior of their subordinates.
Thirdly, protesting is a demand for change. Thus, for example, one protests to the
authorities about some political or economic situation, but it would make no sense
to protest about the weather; one would not know whom to protest to, though one
can certainly complain about the weather. Thus, protesting is an expressive
illocutionary force such that
in a formal way,

protesting

(protesting) =

(i, P) = I if i expresses disapproval for P

o, and protesting (i, P) = [{P, the state of

affairs that P is bad, the hearer bi has the authority to change that state of
affairs}].

33

Deploring, like lamenting, need not be overt speech act. One can simply
bewail, bemoan, weep for, or feel outraged about something and thereby deplore
it. However, deploring also has a use where it marks an overt speech act, strong
expression of sorrow, or discontent, and, unlike lamenting, it seems to carry with
it the implication that someone is responsible for the thing deplored. If I lament
someones death, I merely express feelings of sorrow about it. If I deplore his
death, I am holding someone responsible for it, even though the person addressed
in my deploring may not be the person I hold responsible. I might deplore the
death of prisoners in South African jails, but it would make no sense for me to
deplore the weather or the patter of the tides. Thus, deploring is an expressive
illocutionary force such that

(deploring) =

deploring

(i, P) = [{sorrow or discontent for P}],

+ I, and deploring (i, P) = [{P, the state of affairs that P is

bad, someone is responsible for it}].

Boasting is one of the expressive speech acts as well. Boasting is
expressing pride with the presupposition that the thing one boasts about is good
for the speaker (and therefore will be admired or envied by the hearer). Boasting,
like complaining, can be either assertive or expressive. One can for example
boasts by saying that one did something good or that something good happened to
one. As remarked earlier boasting does not and could not have a performative use.
This is because boasting carries with it the suggestion that the speaker is trying to
conceal the fact that he is boasting. Similar remarks apply to brag. According to
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/boasting, boasting is a statement in
which you express too much pride in yourself or in something you have, have

34

done, or are connected to in some way. Thus, boasting5 is an expressive

illocutionary force of the form [][][]where (i, P) = {pride (P)}, (i) =
{P/P represents a state of affairs that has something to do with the speaker i },
and (i, P) = {P, the state of affairs that P is good for the speaker i}.
People very often compliment other in communication. To compliment is
to express approval of the hearer for something. Complimenting presupposes that
the thing hearer is complimented for is good, though it need not necessarily be
good for him. One might, for example, compliment him on his heroic and selfsacrificing behavior. Complimenting, like boasting, can be either assertive or
expressive.

According

to

http://www.merriam-

webster.com/dictionary/compliment, complimenting is an expression of esteem,

respect, affection, or admiration; especially:
complimenting

[][][]where

is

an

expressive

an admiring remark.

illocutionary

force

of

the

Thus,
form

(i, P) = {approval (P)}, (i) = {P/P represents a state of

affairs that has something to do with the hearer}, and (i, P) = {P, the state of
affairs that P is good}.
This kind of expressive speech acts is likely to happen in daily life.
Greeting is the only marginally an illocutionary act since it has not propositional
content. When one greets someone, for example, by saying Hello, one indicates
recognition in a courteous fashion. So we might define greeting as a courteous
indication of recognition, with presupposition that the speaker has just
encountered the hearer.

35

The last is welcoming. To welcome somebody is to receive him

hospitably, and thus welcoming might be defined as an expression of pleasure or
good feeling about the presence or arrival of someone. Welcoming, like greeting,
is essentially hearer-directed.
2.3

Theoretical Framework
The theories above were framed briefly with the most applicable theories

such as theory of pragmatics, speech act, illocutionary act, and types of expressive
speech act. It could be presented with a figure which was presented in the
following:

Pragmatics

Speech Act

Locutionary
Act

Illocutionary
Act

Assertives

Commissives

Expressives

Perlocutionary
Act

Directives

Declaratives

Apologizing

Complaining

Boasting

Thanking

Lamenting

Complimenting

Condoling

Protesting

Greeting

Congratulating

Deploring

Welcoming

Figure: 2.3.1 Theoretical Framework

36

The theoretical framework above shows that speech act is one of the
domains in pragmatics. Speech act consists of three parts. They are locutionary act
(the speakers utterances), illocutionary act (the speakers intended meanings),
and perlocutionary act (the effects on hearers). Furthermore, illocutionary act can
be classified into five, i.e. assertives, commissives, expressives, directives, and
declaratives. Then expressive speech act is classified into apologizing, thanking,
condoling,

congratulating,

complaining,

lamenting,

boasting, complimenting, greeting, and welcoming.

protesting,

deploring,

37

CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter is divided into nine sub-chapters. They comprise
assumptions, research design, object of the study, source of data, role of the
researcher, unit of analysis, procedures of collecting data, procedures of analyzing
data, and triangulation. All of those points are explained in the following.
3.1

Assumptions
This research was carried out with some assumptions. The first was there

would be various types of expressive speech act performed by Wayne Rooney on

his Facebook. The second assumption was there would be some strategies of the
expressive speech acts performed by Wayne Rooney on his Facebook. The third
was there would be a large number of effects because of the expressive speech
acts performed by Wayne Rooney on his Facebook.
3.2

Research Design
The writer designed his study by using a qualitative approach. This was

because he often made knowledge claims based primarily on constructivist

perspectives (i.e., the multiple meanings of individual experiences, meanings
socially and historically constructed, with an intent of developing a theory or
pattern) or advocacy/participatory perspectives (i.e., political, issue-oriented,
collaborative, or change oriented) or both. He also used strategies of inquiry such
as narratives, phenomenology, ethnographies, grounded theory studies, or case
studies. The writer collected open-ended, emerging data with the primary intent of
developing themes from the data. Furthermore, he intended to view perspectives
37

38

of studies about complex meanings which were experienced individually, socially,

and historically. A qualitative approach was usually implemented in the study in
which statistical data were ignored. The writer had tendency to interpret the data
in the form of words.
In addition, the writer involved an interpretive, naturalistic approach to its
subject matter. This meant that the writer studied things in natural settings,
attempted to make sense of, or interpreted phenomena in terms of the meanings
people brought to them. Qualitative research involved the collection of a variety
of empirical materialscase study, personal experience, introspective, life story,
interview, observational, historical, interactional, and visual texts that described
routine and problematic moments and meanings in peoples lives. In short, the
writer studied the case by using an interpretation, explanation and description
instead of in the form of mathematical calculation to identify subject matters.
Finally, in this study the writer used qualitative approach to study expressive
speech acts performed by Wayne Rooney on his Facebook. It was used because
the result of this study involved interpretation and description of the information
from his opinion about many things.
3.3

Object of the Study

The object of the study was expressive speech acts on Wayne Rooneys

Facebook because the writer saw that there were many expressions found on it.
3.4

Source of Data
The data were taken from Wayne Rooneys Facebook, starting from

January 2012 to May 2016 and it was gained 91 data as a whole.

39

3.5

Role of the Researcher

Because research was a complex process involving the writer to collect

data related in the study. In conducting the study, the writer played his role as the
key instrument that collected and analyzed the data as well as interpreted the
findings.
3.6

Unit of Analysis
The units of analysis in this study were in the form of utterances. This was

because expressive speech acts were related to acts performed with utterances.
The utterances could be in the simple or complex forms. The analysis took
expressive speech acts such as apologizing, thanking, condoling, congratulating,
complaining, lamenting, protesting, deploring, boasting, complimenting, greeting,
and welcoming.
3.7

Procedures of Collecting Data

In this study, the writer did not need any instrument to collect the data

because he was the one who conducted the research by himself without getting
involved with people as the subject of the study. The writer simply needed some
utterances which were performed by Wayne Rooney so that the data were gained.
The following were several steps implemented by the writer to collect the data:
1. Determining the object
The first step to collect the data was determining the object. The object of
the study which was determined by the writer was any expressive speech acts
performed by Wayne Rooney on his Facebook.
2. Searching for Wayne Rooneys authentic Facebook account

40

Given that many people used Rooney as their names on Facebook, it was
very important to search for Rooneys authentic Facebook account. The writer
needed to find the Facebook account which was verified by Facebook Company
as an indication that it authentically belonged to Rooney.
3. Reading the status updated by Wayne Rooney accurately
The third step which was done to collect the data was reading the statuses
updated by Wayne Rooney accurately. It aimed at seeing all statuses commonly
performed on Facebook which could contain utterances, pictures, etc. In this step,
the writer had not focused on what was studied because he still found out the data
which could be used in his study.
4. Highlighting the data
To get the required data, the writer highlighted the data which contained
any utterances produced by Wayne Rooney on his Facebook. Then the writer
constructed them to be analyzed further.
3.8

Procedures of Analyzing Data

After the data were collected comprehensively, the writer advanced to

analyze them. The way the writer analyzed the data actually related to the three
problems formulated in chapter one. The steps included classifying the data,
reducing the data, interpreting the data, drawing an inference.
1. Classifying the data
In this part, the writer would like to analyze the types of expressive speech
act based on felicity conditions proposed by Searle 1985. There were four types of

41

expressive speech act found in Wayne Rooneys status. They were expressive
speech acts of congratulating, complimenting, thanking, and boasting.
2. Reducing the data
In this process, the writer reduced the data found in step one to focus on
particular problems. The writer sorted the data by way of determining which one
belonged to expressive speech acts. The expressive speech acts itself could be
expressive speech acts of thanking, expressive speech acts of apologizing,
expressive speech acts of congratulating, etc. Any data which were not related to
expressive speech acts were neglected and not analyzed. The following were the
examples.
Utterances 1 and 2 below were classified as expressive speech acts of
congratulating. This was because the felicity conditions (propositional content
condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity condition) for expressive speech
acts of congratulating were met.
-

Utterance 1:
Happy Birthday Daley Blind!

Utterance 2:
Congratulations

to Leo

Messi on

winning

his

5th #BallondOr .

Unbelievable achievement
3. Interpreting the data
The next step done by the writer to analyze the data was interpreting the
data. This was done to answer the three problems which were stated in chapter
one. The following were the examples.

42

Utterance 1:
Happy Birthday Daley Blind!
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that Daley Blind was not
responsible for the proposition. It was simply some item or good fortune. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Daley Blind. Finally,
the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Daley Blinds
pleasure. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be classified
that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of congratulating.
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a
strategy of direct expressive speech act of congratulating without being preceded
or followed by other speech acts.
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had
many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Griffith Awuah to congratulate by saying Happy birthday to you

Daley Blind.. This guy is the best midfielder in the EPL just that he cannot
prove this fact cos he is a defender..

To cause Ojie Kings to congratulate by saying HBD D Blind that sees. Best
wishes on your birthday. Pls do us proud in our next match against liverpool.
We love you bruv!

43

To cause MC Nitro Dhumorous to congratulate by saying Happy birthday to

the best ball playing CB in the Barclays Premier League. The master of
consistency and Manchester Uniteds Mr. Dependable!!

To cause Goodluck Progress to congratulate by saying Happy birthday to you

Daley Blind, you are best in world in the game of football i wish you long life
and many years to come, may God Almighty continue to bless you and your
family! Happy birthday again my real guy. I love you all UNITED players i
wish to been with you guys and celebrate this birthday with you guys

To cause Peter Gilraine to congratulate by saying Happy birthday blind

Wayne Rooney please dont leave Manchester United we all know your
passion and dedication to the club

To cause Samuel Ibeanusi to congratulate by saying Blind Happy birthday,

wish u many many more happy returns at Old Traford, with Exotic
Style.Bravo My Man

To cause Witness Wadi to congratulate by saying Happy birthday to you our

star defender for the moment, I wish a great happy birthday and a come back
winning. Witness Wadi Happy birthday to you our star defender for the
moment, I wish a great happy birthday and a come back winning.

To cause Michael Matteo Rossi to congratulate by saying Happy b day Daley

Blind and get better Wayne Rooney you got a lot of support in LA for you
mate!

44

To cause Obinna Kennedy WayForward to congratulate by saying More

grace and injury free career is my wish for you as u grow into a United
legend.... Happy birthday Daley

To cause Ishola Quadri to congratulate by saying happy birthday to you daley

blind long life and prosperity and your life we grow like grass in money
peacfull, and we want you play more for man u more

Utterance 2:
Congratulations

to Leo

Messi on

winning

his

5th #BallondOr .

Unbelievable achievement
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which
consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity
condition. The propositional content condition was that Leonel Messi was not
responsible for the proposition. It was simply some item or good fortune. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Leonel Messi.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Leonel
Messis pleasure. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of congratulating.
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a
strategy of expressive speech act of congratulating with the addition of other
speech act after the head act (the main message). The main message was to
congratulate Leonel Messi Congratulations to Leo Messi on winning his
5th #BallondOr , but it was followed by giving a compliment Unbelievable
achievement as the supportive act.

45

The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had
many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Basit Ali to encourage by saying waye rooney its looks even more
good if u work hard and win the balon dor and mesii and ronaldo write that
congratulation to wayne rooney on winning the balon dor ... well u can do
everything bcz i know u are best so next year promise us its wayne rooney
turn to destroy every one

To cause Barnabas Johnnie Jnr to encourage by saying rooney u too can win
.... he is a human just like you... come on captain we want the old rooney back
... congratulation my superstar leo messi ..

To cause Shakeil Gaffar to compliment by saying Ronaldo Messi Neymar all

have unbelievable talent and Wayne Rooney Englands Finest #respect dont
compare footballers please they all deserve it !!

To cause Steven Vukea Shangaan to assert by saying You cant compare

messi and ronaldo may be you can compare ronaldo and neymar,messi is far
better than ronaldo(trueth is painfull)

To cause Ugwu Okechukwu to congratulate by saying Congratulations to

ronaldo...woww,,,He just broke his own record, no player in football history
has clapped for messi winning awards than ronaldo

To cause Ridda Ismail to congratulate by saying Congratulations Leo Messi,

you are the best of the best. You are deserved to 100 Ballon dOr. I wish
Rooney got it next year after Man United got premier and champion league
and England win 2016

46

To cause Albert Cassar to compliment by saying You are all great player.
You Wayne my favourite player of Man Utd Ronaldo and many more. But in
my opinion I have never seen a player like the great MESSI. Congrats to him
and all the contenders

To cause Gaurav Shukla to assert by saying if u want #ballondOr so will play

in la liga. Than sure u will win atleast a #ballondOr.. it was so boring... no
other plyer win this awards.. every time ronaldo and messi nominated... where
r other plyer... boring...

To cause Fodio Musa Basakkwace to congratulate by saying Congrats Lionel

Messi for winning the FIFA BALLON DOR 2015 for a record 5th time in his
career!!! We are all privileged to be witnessing a true legend during his best
years

To cause Fendy Hermawan to encourage by saying Rooney u had potential to

be a ballon dor winner mate. I know its hard, but you can do it. Come on
Rooney ! Bring Man Utd alive !!

4. Drawing an inference
After the writer interpreted the data, then he drew an inference of what he
studied. The following were the examples.
Of the two data above, the writer concluded that Rooney performed
expressive speech acts in various ways. Each type was performed by Wayne
Rooney either with direct expressive speech acts, or with the addition of
supportive act. Expressive speech acts of congratulating tended to cause the
hearers to respond the same as what the speaker intended, namely congratulating.

47

3.9

Triangulation
The writer needed to convince that what the writer studied was valid and

reliable. To do so, the writer used triangulation. The writer used experts
triangulation in his study. The experts here were the advisors who guided the
writer to do his study. They were Prof. Dr. Dwi Rukmini, M.Pd. and Prof. Dr.
Warsono, Dip. TEFL, M.A.

48

CHAPTER IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter is divided into two sub-chapters. They are results and
discussion. Each sub-chapter is explained separately in the following.
4.1

Results
The writer presented the results of this study related to the three problems

predetermined in chapter one. They were types of expressive speech act

performed by Wayne Rooney on his Facebook, the strategies used by Wayne
Rooney to perform expressive speech acts on his Facebook, and the effects of
expressive speech acts performed by Wayne Rooney on the hearers.
4.1.1

Types of expressive speech act Performed by Wayne Rooney on his

Facebook
In this part, the writer would like to analyze the types of expressive speech

act based on felicity conditions proposed by Searle 1985. There were four types of
expressive speech act found in Wayne Rooneys status. They were expressive
speech acts of congratulating, complimenting, thanking, and boasting. Each of
them was classified in the following.
4.1.1.1 Expressive Speech Acts of Congratulating
Utterances 1 22 below were classified as expressive speech acts of
congratulating. This was because the felicity conditions (propositional content
condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity condition) for expressive speech
acts of congratulating were met.

48

49

(1)

Happy Birthday Daley Blind!

The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that Daley Blind was not
responsible for the proposition. It was simply some item or good fortune. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Daley Blind. Finally,
the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Daley Blinds
pleasure. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be classified
that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of congratulating.
(2)

Congratulations

to Leo

Messi on

winning

his

5th #BallondOr .

Unbelievable achievement
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which
consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity
condition. The propositional content condition was that Leonel Messi was not
responsible for the proposition. It was simply some item or good fortune. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Leonel Messi.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Leonel
Messis pleasure. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of congratulating.
(3)

Happy birthday Juan Mata #mufc

The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that Juan Mata was not

50

responsible for the proposition. It was simply some item or good fortune. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Juan Mata. Finally,
the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Juan Matas
pleasure. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be classified
that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of congratulating.
(4)

Congratulations to our U21 squad who won the league last night, brilliant
lads! Looking forward to our game at Old Trafford tonight against Crystal
Palace Football Club
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that Manchester United U21
team was not responsible for the proposition. It was simply some item or good
fortune. The preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for
Manchester United U21 team. Finally, the sincerity condition was that the
proposition was to express Manchester United U21 team pleasure. Based on the
three felicity conditions above, then it could be classified that the utterance
belonged to expressive speech act of congratulating.
(5)

Happy 30th Birthday to my wife Coleen Rooney. Hope you enjoy your
day
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that Coleen Rooney was not
responsible for the proposition. It was simply some item or good fortune. The

51

preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Coleen Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Coleen
Rooneys pleasure. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of congratulating.
(6)

Happy Easter everyone!

The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that one celebrating Easter day
was not responsible for the proposition. It was simply some item or good fortune.
The preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for one celebrating
Easter day. Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express
ones pleasure. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of congratulating.
(7)

Throwback Thursday - Celebrating with my mates. Happy St Patrick's

Day
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that one celebrating St Patrick
s Day was not responsible for the proposition. It was simply some item or good
fortune. The preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for one
celebrating St Patricks Day. Finally, the sincerity condition was that the
proposition was to express ones pleasure. Based on the three felicity conditions

52

above, then it could be classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech
act of congratulating.
(8)

Happy Mothers Day to the best mum in the world for our three boys.
Thanks for everything you do for us Coleen Rooney we love you loads!
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that Coleen Rooney was not
responsible for the proposition. It was simply some item or good fortune. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Coleen Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Coleen
Rooneys pleasure. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of congratulating.
(9)

Happy Lunar New Year to everybody celebrating

The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that everybody was not
responsible for the proposition. It was simply some item or good fortune. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for everybody
celebrating Lunar New Year. Finally, the sincerity condition was that the
proposition was to express everybodys pleasure. Based on the three felicity
conditions above, then it could be classified that the utterance belonged to
expressive speech act of congratulating.
(10) Happy New Year! Wishing everyone a happy 2016!

53

The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which
consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity
condition. The propositional content condition was that one was not responsible
for the proposition. It was simply some item or good fortune. The preparatory
condition was that the proposition was good for one celebrating New Year 2016.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express ones
pleasure. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be classified
that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of congratulating.
(11)

Congratulations to Cristiano Ronaldo on becoming Real Madrid C.F. all

time leading goalscorer. Brilliant achievement!
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that Cristiano Ronaldo was not
responsible for the proposition. It was simply some item or good fortune. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Cristiano Ronaldo.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Cristiano
Ronaldos pleasure. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of congratulating.
(12)

Its all about this little man today. Happy Birthday to my youngest son
Klay, 2 today!
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that Klay was not responsible

54

for the proposition. It was simply some item or good fortune. The preparatory
condition was that the proposition was good for Klay. Finally, the sincerity
condition was that the proposition was to express Klays pleasure. Based on the
three felicity conditions above, then it could be classified that the utterance
belonged to expressive speech act of congratulating.
(13)

Congratulations to my friend David De Gea on being nominated for the

PFA Player of the Year. Hes Been unbelievable in goal for us this
season!
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that David De Gea was not
responsible for the proposition. It was simply some item or good fortune. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for David De Gea.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express David De
Geas pleasure. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of congratulating.
(14)

Happy Birthday to my wife Coleen Rooney. Hope you have a lovely

day!X
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that Coleen Rooney was not
responsible for the proposition. It was simply some item or good fortune. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Coleen Rooney.

55

Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Coleen
Rooneys pleasure. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of congratulating.
(15)

Happy Birthday to my teammate and friend Marcos Rojo!

The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that Marcos Rojo was not
responsible for the proposition. It was simply some item or good fortune. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Marcos Rojo.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Marcos
Rojos pleasure. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of congratulating.
(16)

Congratulations to Rory McIlroy on his first professional Hole in One!

The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that Rory McIlroy was not
responsible for the proposition. It was simply some item or good fortune. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Rory McIlroy.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Rory
McIlroys pleasure. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of congratulating.
(17)

Happy 26th Birthday Jonny Evans! Have a good day mate

56

The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which
consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity
condition. The propositional content condition was that Jonny Evans was not
responsible for the proposition. It was simply some item or good fortune. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Jonny Evans.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Jonny
Evanss pleasure. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of congratulating.
(18)

Happy Easter everyone! Kais enjoying his day, are you?

The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that one was not responsible
for the proposition. It was simply some item or good fortune. The preparatory
condition was that the proposition was good for one celebrating Easter Day.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express ones
pleasure. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be classified
that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of congratulating.
(19)

Happy 3rd Birthday to my son Kai!

The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that Kai was not responsible
for the proposition. It was simply some item or good fortune. The preparatory
condition was that the proposition was good for Kai.

Finally, the sincerity

57

condition was that the proposition was to express Kais pleasure. Based on the
three felicity conditions above, then it could be classified that the utterance
belonged to expressive speech act of congratulating.
(20)

Happy Halloween! Kai's ready for trick or treating!... What do you

think?
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that one was not responsible
for the proposition. It was simply some item or good fortune. The preparatory
condition was that the proposition was good for one celebrating Halloween.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express ones
pleasure. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be classified
that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of congratulating.
(21)

Had a great afternoon with Coleen and Kai at my god daughter Sophia's
5th birthday party. Happy birthday Sophia love uncle Wayne
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that Sophia was not
responsible for the proposition. It was simply some item or good fortune. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Sophia. Finally, the
sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Sophias pleasure.
Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be classified that the
utterance belonged to expressive speech act of congratulating.

58

(22)

Congratulations to my younger brother John whos signed for Orlando

City in the US. Really proud of him. Good luck mate!
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that John was not responsible
for the proposition. It was simply some item or good fortune. The preparatory
condition was that the proposition was good for John. Finally, the sincerity
condition was that the proposition was to express Johns pleasure. Based on the
three felicity conditions above, then it could be classified that the utterance
belonged to expressive speech act of congratulating.
The summary of expressive speech acts of congratulating could be seen in
appendix 1.
4.1.1.2 Expressive Speech Acts of Complimenting
Utterances 23 37 below were classified as expressive speech acts of
complimenting. This was because the felicity conditions (propositional content
condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity condition) for expressive speech
acts of complimenting were met.
(23)

Good result last night and and a great first goal for Andreas Pereira. On
to the next round.....
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that has something to do with Andreas Pereira. The

59

preparatory condition was that the proposition was good. Finally, the sincerity
condition was that the proposition was to express approval of Andreas Pereira for
something. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be classified
that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of complimenting.
(24)

Good win today and a great performance from Ander Herrera. Next up is
Manchester City at Old Trafford next weekend!
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Ander Herrerar. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good. Finally, the sincerity
condition was that the proposition was to express approval of Ander Herrerar for
something. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be classified
that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of complimenting.
(25)

Good performance today from the lads and another 3 points!

The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Manchester United.
The preparatory condition was that the proposition was good. Finally, the sincerity
condition was that the proposition was to express approval of Manchester United
for something. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of complimenting.

60

(26)

Great 3-0 win last night against Peru. It was a brilliant atmosphere in
front of the home fans. Thanks for the support!
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with England team. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good. Finally, the sincerity
condition was that the proposition was to express approval of England team for
something. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be classified
that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of complimenting.
(27)

Great performance yesterday, our focus now turns to Manchester City on

Tuesday
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Manchester United.
The preparatory condition was that the proposition was good. Finally, the sincerity
condition was that the proposition was to express approval of Manchester United
for something. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of complimenting.
(28)

Great result on Saturday, well done lads!

The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

61

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition

represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Manchester United.
The preparatory condition was that the proposition was good. Finally, the sincerity
condition was that the proposition was to express approval of Manchester United
for something. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of complimenting.
(29)

Great result last night and through to the knockout stages! A brilliant
team performance with plenty of goals. Two stand out players for me were
Antonio Valencia who was unstoppable on the right wing, and Ryan
Giggs, his composure on the ball is second to none. Giggsy is 40
tomorrow, at one point last night the Leverkusen centre-half came up to
me and asked how he is still playing at that age, that speaks volumes on
how good he is!
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Manchester United.
The preparatory condition was that the proposition was good. Finally, the sincerity
condition was that the proposition was to express approval of Manchester United
for something. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of complimenting.
(30)

Fitting way to win the title. Great performance from the lads!

62

The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which
consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity
condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Manchester United.
The preparatory condition was that the proposition was good. Finally, the sincerity
condition was that the proposition was to express approval of Manchester United
for something. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of complimenting.
(31)

Huge Manchester derby today! Click here to watch five of my greatest

moments against City http://bit.ly/YEeNkr
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Manchester United and
Manchester City. The preparatory condition was that the proposition was good.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express approval of
Manchester United and Manchester City for something. Based on the three felicity
conditions above, then it could be classified that the utterance belonged to
expressive speech act of complimenting.
(32)

What a strike by Rafael! Now we need to concentrate on a big week

coming up!
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

63

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition

represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Rafael. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good. Finally, the sincerity
condition was that the proposition was to express approval of Rafael for
something. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be classified
that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of complimenting.
(33)

Solid performance by the lads. Pleased we got the away goal.. Danny had
a top game! Looking forward to the return leg at Old Trafford!
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Manchester United.
The preparatory condition was that the proposition was good. Finally, the sincerity
condition was that the proposition was to express approval of Manchester United
for something. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of complimenting.
(34)

Absolutely buzzing with the 3 points. The lads gave it everything! The
atmosphere when Robin scored was unbelievable! Amazing scenes!
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Manchester United.
The preparatory condition was that the proposition was good. Finally, the sincerity

64

condition was that the proposition was to express approval of Manchester United
for something. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of complimenting.
(35)

Fitting that the boss receives the Manager of the Month award after being
at Manchester United 26 years, today. Incredible achievement
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Sir. Alex Ferguson.
The preparatory condition was that the proposition was good. Finally, the sincerity
condition was that the proposition was to express approval of Sir. Alex Ferguson
for something. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of complimenting.
(36)

Great performance yesterday! Now to meet up with the England squad

The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with the England squad.
The preparatory condition was that the proposition was good. Finally, the sincerity
condition was that the proposition was to express approval of the England squad
for something. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of complimenting.

65

(37)

Great result yesterday. It wasnt the best performance but those types of
games are always difficult. What a finish by Rafael!
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Rafael. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good. Finally, the sincerity
condition was that the proposition was to express approval of Rafael for
something. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be classified
that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of complimenting.
The summary of expressive speech acts of complimenting could be seen in
appendix 2.
4.1.1.3 Expressive Speech Acts of Thanking
Utterances 38 49 below were classified as expressive speech acts of
thanking. This was because the felicity conditions (propositional content
condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity condition) for expressive speech
acts of thanking were met.
(38)

Thanks to everybody that voted. Looking forward to Sundays game

against Chelsea!
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition need not
necessarily represent an action provided that Wayne Rooneys supporters were

66

responsible. The preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for
Wayne Rooney and Wayne Rooneys supporters were responsible for it. Finally,
the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne Rooneys
gratitude. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be classified
that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of thanking.
(39)

Thanks to everyone at WWE for a great night, the kids loved it. Hope
youre ok Wade Barrett! Haha
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition need not
necessarily represent an action provided that Wayne Rooneys supporters were
responsible. The preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for
Wayne Rooney and Wayne Rooneys supporters were responsible for it. Finally,
the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne Rooneys
gratitude. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be classified
that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of thanking.
(40)

3 points! Thanks for the support!

The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition need not
necessarily represent an action provided that Wayne Rooneys supporters were
responsible. The preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for
Wayne Rooney and Wayne Rooneys supporters were responsible for it. Finally,

67

the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne Rooneys
gratitude. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be classified
that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of thanking.
(41)

Thanks for the birthday wishes. For a chance to win a pair of tickets to
theCrystal Palace Football Club game just like this post!
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition need not
necessarily represent an action provided that people giving the birthday wishes
were responsible. The preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for
Wayne Rooney and people giving the birthday wishes were responsible for it.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys gratitude. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of thanking.
(42)

Reached 20 Million fans! Thank you for the support. Ive decided to give
away a pair of my boots. All you have to do is LIKE this post for a
chance to win. Good Luck!
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition need not
necessarily represent an action provided that Wayne Rooneys fans were
responsible. The preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for
Wayne Rooney and Wayne Rooneys fans were responsible for it. Finally, the

68

sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne Rooneys
gratitude. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be classified
that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of thanking.
(43)

17 Million Fans on Facebook! Thanks for your support!

The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition need not
necessarily represent an action provided that Wayne Rooneys fans were
responsible. The preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for
Wayne Rooney and Wayne Rooneys fans were responsible for it. Finally, the
sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne Rooneys
gratitude. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be classified
that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of thanking.
(44)

Thanks to Clemen Botha for sending in todays fan photo all the way
from South Africa! Clemen is standing next to a picture of me from the
07/08 double winning season that ended amazingly with that famous
night in Moscow...
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition need not
necessarily represent an action provided that Clemen Botha was responsible. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney and
Clemen Botha was responsible for it. Finally, the sincerity condition was that the

69

proposition was to express Wayne Rooneys gratitude. Based on the three felicity
conditions above, then it could be classified that the utterance belonged to
expressive speech act of thanking.
(45)

Just got home from training, checked my Facebook and realised Ive
reached 14 million likes! Thanks to everyone of you, really appreciate
your support!
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition need not
necessarily represent an action provided that Wayne Rooneys fans were
responsible. The preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for
Wayne Rooney and Wayne Rooneys fans were responsible for it. Finally, the
sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne Rooneys
gratitude. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be classified
that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of thanking.
(46)

Heres some pictures from Monday nights game. It was an unbelievable

reaction from the fans, so thank you. I really appreciate your support. It
means a lot
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition need not
necessarily represent an action provided that Wayne Rooneys fans were
responsible. The preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for

70

Wayne Rooney and Wayne Rooneys fans were responsible for it. Finally, the
sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne Rooneys
gratitude. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be classified
that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of thanking.
(47)

Reached 11 Million likes! Thanks for all your support!

The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition need not
necessarily represent an action provided that Wayne Rooneys fans were
responsible. The preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for
Wayne Rooney and Wayne Rooneys fans were responsible for it. Finally, the
sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne Rooneys
gratitude. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be classified
that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of thanking.
(48)

10 MILLION!! Thanks for all your support, means a lot!

The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition need not
necessarily represent an action provided that Wayne Rooneys fans were
responsible. The preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for
Wayne Rooney and Wayne Rooneys fans were responsible for it. Finally, the
sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne Rooneys

71

gratitude. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be classified
that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of thanking.
(49)

Just want to thank everyone for their messages of support. Gutted to be

out for a while but my leg will be ok which is the main thing
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition need not
necessarily represent an action provided that Wayne Rooneys supporters were
responsible. The preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for
Wayne Rooney and Wayne Rooneys supporters were responsible for it. Finally,
the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne Rooneys
gratitude. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be classified
that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of thanking.
The summary of expressive speech acts of thanking could be seen in
appendix 3.
4.1.1.4 Expressive Speech Acts of Boasting
Utterances 50 91 below were classified as expressive speech acts of
boasting. This was because the felicity conditions (propositional content
condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity condition) for expressive speech
acts of boasting were met.
(50)

Brilliant feeling to be back playing at Old Trafford last night. Thanks to

all the staff at Manchester United who have been helping me with my
recovery

72

The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which
consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity
condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(51)

Great to be back training with the lads

The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(52)

I was lucky enough to be brought up in a warm, loving home. My family

always encouraged me to dream and I believe all children should be
happy, safe and free to dream
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition

73

represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(53)

Massive 3 points for us today. Always great to win at anfield and

delighted to score the winner
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(54)

Great to meet local pupils at Manchester United Foundation event today

and answer their questions #SchoolsUnited
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne

74

Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(55)

Tough game tonight but happy were through to the next round!
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(56)

It was a pleasure to turn on the lights of the Old Trafford Christmas tree
alongside Manchester United Foundation student Winta and Michael
Carrick!
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(57)

Great day at Blackpool with Coleen Rooney and the kids

75

The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which
consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity
condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(58)

Good to kick the #Mutour off with a win. Next up is San Jose
Earthquakes on Wednesday!
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(59)

Great to get the chance to meet some of our fans in Seattle today. Sleep
now then its match day! #Mutour
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition

76

represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(60)

Brilliant holiday with our boys #familytime

The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(61)

Excited

to

announce The

Honeypot

Childrens

Charity as

our

new England Footballers Foundation domestic charity partner. For more

information head over to www.englandfootballersfoundation.com
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which
consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity
condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne

77

Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(62)

Had a great day today meeting our supporters at the Manchester United
Foundation Dream Day!
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(63)

Enjoyed going to Stretford High School with the Manchester

UnitedFoundation. Delighted to meet the kids and work on some projects
with them!
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.

78

(64)

Great to go back to school and speak to the kids today as part of

theManchester United Foundation #SchoolsUnited !
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(65)

Great day filming yesterday at my friend Wings restaurant and learning

about Chinese New Year. Keep a look out next week for the video!
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(66)

Lucky to have some great people around me! #friendsday

The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

79

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition

represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(67)

It was a pleasure to meet Milan Patel who is battling cancer for the third
time. This young mans story and positive attitude is more than inspiring.
Look out tomorrow to see what happened when Triple S Sports &
Entertainment Group and myself invited Milan and his family over to Old
Trafford to watch a game!
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(68)

Great to see that England will host the UEFA U17s European
Championship in 2018. Itll be a great experience for the lads to play in a
home based tournament and also a good opportunity to show the quality of
our facilities! http://the-fa.com/kqwmIN

80

The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which
consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity
condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(69)

It was an honour to win the England Football Team Player of the Year
award yesterday. Thanks to all the England fans for your support this year.
Congratulations to Toni Duggan who won the England Womens Football
Team award and also Saido Berahino on winning the U21s award, well
deserved!
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(70)

Very happy to announce that I have signed a new extended contract

withManchester United

81

The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which
consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity
condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(71)

Great to get back to winning ways last night. Here are a few photos from
the game...
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(72)

Some

behind-the-scenes

images

from

the

recent Samsung

Mobilecampaign I featured in. It was a great day and good to get in the
ring withTeam Smith Brothers. Boxing
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which
consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

82

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition

represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(73)

Great to get back to winnings ways last night. Looking forward to Aston
Villa on Sunday now and hopefully picking up the 3 points
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(74)

Delighted with yesterdays performance, we knew wed have to win at all

costs and this should give us a massive lift. We defended really well,
created the better chances and thankfully got the three points. It was a
great effort from everyone!
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition

83

represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(75)

It was a pleasure to spend time with Uzair from the Rays of Sunshine
Childrens Charity on behalf of the England Footballers Foundation. Its
great to see the smiles on kids faces when you meet them. I get a lot of
joy out of it! http://gms.to/17fJihi
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(76)

Great Experience! http://bit.ly/15vAjJ3

The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.

84

Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(77)

Big 3 points on Saturday and great to get on the scoresheet. Off to meet
up with the England lads
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(78)

It was an honour to Captain England for the first time against Brazil in
2009. Hopefully we can put on a good performance and get the win at
Wembley tomorrow night
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne

85

Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(79)

Felt great to be back fit and playing again. That goal was for Rosie!
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(80)

Very proud to be apart of and to celebrate 150 years of English football.

Let me know some of your favourite moments!
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(81)

Had a nice day out in London on Saturday with my family

86

The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which
consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity
condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(82)

To be named as England captain for tomorrow's World Cup qualifier

game is one of the proudest moments of my football career
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(83)

Happy with the result and getting the first 90mins since my injury!
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The

87

preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(84)

So happy to be back playing last night and to get the win. Cant wait for
my next game already. What do you all think of my new boots?
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(85)

Excited that the Champions League is back. I'll never forget my debut for
Man Utd in the Champions League, heres a picture from my third goal!
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne

88

Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(86)

Receiving the Man of the Match award in our final pre season game.
Really pleased with the win and also getting on the score sheet. Now for
the start of the Premier League.......
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(87)

Had a great day at the farm with Kai

The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(88)

Having a nice break in LA with Coleen

89

The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which
consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity
condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(89)

Excited

that

my

new

website

is

now

live

www.officialwaynerooney.com
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which
consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity
condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(90)

Really happy to be involved in an exciting project. I am designing a

unique, custom made Lauge Jensen motorcycle to be auctioned with all the
proceeds

going

to

KidsAid.

For

visit:http://www.kidsaid.dk/pages/nyheder.asp

further

details

please

90

The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which
consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity
condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
(91)

Not the happiest man in the world today after yesterdays result, obviously
delighted with the goals and the fact that they have put me into fourth in
the Manchester United all time scoring list behind Jack Rowley, Denis
Law and Sir Bobby Charlton but would have honestly preferred the 3
points. Important we respond now with a positive reaction
The utterance above was analyzed with the felicity conditions which

consisted of propositional content condition, preparatory condition, and sincerity

condition. The propositional content condition was that the proposition
represented a state of affairs that had something to do with Wayne Rooney. The
preparatory condition was that the proposition was good for Wayne Rooney.
Finally, the sincerity condition was that the proposition was to express Wayne
Rooneys pride. Based on the three felicity conditions above, then it could be
classified that the utterance belonged to expressive speech act of boasting.
The summary of expressive speech acts of boasting could be seen in
appendix 4.

91

4.1.2 The Strategies Used by Wayne Rooney to Perform Expressive Speech

Acts on his Facebook
The writer analyzed the strategies of expressive speech acts by referring to
the theory of communicative acts proposed by Fetzer in 2013.
(1)

Happy Birthday Daley Blind!

Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of direct expressive speech act of congratulating without being preceded

or followed by other speech acts.
(2)

Congratulations

to Leo

Messi on

winning

his

5th #BallondOr .

Unbelievable achievement
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a
strategy of expressive speech act of congratulating with the addition of other
speech act after the head act (the main message). The main message was to
congratulate Leonel Messi Congratulations to Leo Messi on winning his
5th #BallondOr , but it was followed by giving a compliment Unbelievable
achievement as the supportive act.
(3)

Happy birthday Juan Mata #mufc

Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of direct expressive speech act of congratulating without being preceded

or followed by other speech acts.
(4)

Congratulations to our U21 squad who won the league last night, brilliant
lads! Looking forward to our game at Old Trafford tonight against Crystal
Palace Football Club

92

Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of congratulating with the addition of other
speech act after the head act (the main message). The main message was to
congratulate England Team U21 Congratulations to our U21 squad who won the
league last night, but it was followed by giving a compliment brilliant lads!
and an assertion looking forward to our game at Old Trafford tonight
against Crystal Palace Football Club as the supportive acts.
(5)

Happy 30th Birthday to my wife Coleen Rooney. Hope you enjoy your
day
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of congratulating with the addition of other

speech act after the head act (the main message). The main message was to
congratulate his wife Happy 30th Birthday to my wife Coleen Rooney, but it
was followed by the directive speech act Hope you enjoy your day as the
supportive act.
(6)

Happy Easter everyone!

Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of direct expressive speech act of congratulating without being preceded

or followed by other speech acts.
(7)

Throwback Thursday - Celebrating with my mates. Happy St Patrick's

Day
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of congratulating with the addition of other

93

speech act after the head act (the main message). The main message was to
congratulate everyone who celebrating St Patricks Day Happy St Patrick's Day,
but it was preceded by the assertive speech act Throwback Thursday Celebrating with my mates as the preparatory act.
(8)

Happy Mothers Day to the best mum in the world for our three boys.
Thanks for everything you do for us Coleen Rooney we love you loads!
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of congratulating with the addition of other

speech act after the head act (the main message). The main message was to
congratulate his wife Happy Mothers Day to the best mum in the world for our
three boys, but it was followed by the expressive speech act of thanking Thanks
for everything you do for us and the assertive speech act Coleen Rooney we
love you loads! as the supportive acts.
(9)

Happy Lunar New Year to everybody celebrating

Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of direct expressive speech act of congratulating without being preceded

or followed by other speech acts.
(10)

Happy New Year! Wishing everyone a happy 2016!

Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of congratulating with the addition of other

speech act after the head act (the main message). The main message was to
congratulate everyone celebrating New Year Happy New Year!, but it was

94

followed by the directive speech act Wishing everyone a happy 2016! as the
supportive act.
(11)

Congratulations to Cristiano Ronaldo on becoming Real Madrid C.F. all

time leading goalscorer. Brilliant achievement!
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of congratulating with the addition of other

speech act after the head act (the main message). The main message was to
congratulate Cristiano Ronaldo

Congratulations to Cristiano Ronaldo on

becoming Real Madrid C.F, but it was followed the expressive speech act of
complimenting all time leading goalscorer. Brilliant achievement! as the
supportive act.
(12)

Its all about this little man today. Happy Birthday to my youngest son
Klay, 2 today!
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of congratulating with the addition of other

speech act after the head act (the main message). The main message was to
congratulate his son Happy Birthday to my youngest son Klay, 2 today!, but it
was preceded by the assertive speech act Its all about this little man today as
the preparatory act.
(13)

Congratulations to my friend David De Gea on being nominated for the

PFA Player of the Year. Hes Been unbelievable in goal for us this
season!

95

Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of congratulating with the addition of other
speech act after the head act (the main message). The main message was to
congratulate his friend Congratulations to my friend David De Gea on being
nominated for the PFA Player of the Year, but it was followed by the expressive
speech act of complimenting Hes Been unbelievable in goal for us this season!
as the supportive act.
(14)

Happy Birthday to my wife Coleen Rooney. Hope you have a lovely

day!X
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of congratulating with the addition of other

speech act after the head act (the main message). The main message was to
congratulate his wife Happy Birthday to my wife Coleen Rooney, but it was
followed by the directive speech act Hope you have a lovely day! X as the
supportive act.
(15)

Happy Birthday to my teammate and friend Marcos Rojo!

Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of direct expressive speech act of congratulating without being preceded

or followed by other speech acts.
(16)

Congratulations to Rory McIlroy on his first professional Hole in One!

Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of direct expressive speech act of congratulating without being preceded

or followed by other speech acts.

96

(17)

Happy 26th Birthday Jonny Evans! Have a good day mate

Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of congratulating with the addition of other

speech act after the head act (the main message). The main message was to
congratulate his friend Happy 26th Birthday Jonny Evans!, but it was followed
by the directive speech act Have a good day mate as the supportive act.
(18)

Happy Easter everyone! Kais enjoying his day, are you?

Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of congratulating with the addition of other

speech act after the head act (the main message). The main message was to
congratulate everyone celebrating Easter Day Happy Easter everyone!!, but it
was followed by the assertive speech act Kais enjoying his day and the
directive speech act are you? as the supportive acts.
(19)

Happy 3rd Birthday to my son Kai!

Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of direct expressive speech act of congratulating without being preceded

or followed by other speech acts.
(20)

Happy Halloween! Kai's ready for trick or treating!... What do you

think?
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of congratulating with the addition of other

speech act after the head act (the main message). The main message was to
congratulate everyone celebrating Halloween Happy Halloween!, but it was

97

followed by the assertive speech act Kai's ready for trick or treating! and a
directive speech act What do you think? as the supportive acts.
(21)

Had a great afternoon with Coleen and Kai at my god daughter Sophia's
5th birthday party. Happy birthday Sophia love uncle Wayne
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of congratulating with the addition of other

speech act after the head act (the main message). The main message was to
congratulate his niece Happy birthday Sophia love uncle Wayne, but it was
preceded by the expressive speech act of boasting Had a great afternoon with
Coleen and Kai at my god daughter Sophia's 5th birthday party as the
preparatory act.
(22)

Congratulations to my younger brother John whos signed for Orlando

City in the US. Really proud of him. Good luck mate!
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of congratulating with the addition of other

speech act after the head act (the main message). The main message was to
congratulate his friend Congratulations to my younger brother John whos signed
for Orlando City in the US, but it was followed by the expressive speech act of
boasting Really proud of him and the directive speech act Good luck mate! as
the supportive acts.
(23)

Good result last night and and a great first goal for Andreas Pereira. On
to the next round.....

98

Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of complimenting with the addition of other
speech act after the head act (the main message). The main message was to
compliment Manchester United and Ander Pareira Good result last night and and
a great first goal for Andreas Pereira, but it was followed by the assertive speech
act On to the next round..... as the supportive act.
(24)

Good win today and a great performance from Ander Herrera. Next up is
Manchester City at Old Trafford next weekend!
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of complimenting with the addition of other

speech act after the head act (the main message). The main message was to
compliment Manchester United and Ander Herrera Good win today and a great
performance from Ander Herrera, but it was followed by the assertive speech act
Next up is Manchester City at Old Trafford next weekend! as the supportive act.
(25)

Good performance today from the lads and another 3 points!

Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of direct expressive speech act of complimenting without being preceded

or followed by other speech acts.
(26)

Great 3-0 win last night against Peru. It was a brilliant atmosphere in
front of the home fans. Thanks for the support!
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of complimenting with the addition of other

speech act after the head act (the main message). The main message was to

99

compliment England team Great 3-0 win last night against Peru. It was a brilliant
atmosphere in front of the home fans, but it was followed by the expressive
speech act of thanking Thanks for the support! as the supportive act.
(27)

Great performance yesterday, our focus now turns to Manchester City on

Tuesday
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of complimenting with the addition of other

speech act after the head act (the main message). The main message was to
compliment Manchester United Great performance yesterday, but it was
followed by the assertive speech act our focus now turns to Manchester City on
Tuesday as the supportive act.
(28)

Great result on Saturday, well done lads!

Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of direct expressive speech act of complimenting without being preceded

or followed by other speech acts.
(29)

Great result last night and through to the knockout stages! A brilliant
team performance with plenty of goals. Two stand out players for me were
Antonio Valencia who was unstoppable on the right wing, and Ryan
Giggs, his composure on the ball is second to none. Giggsy is 40
tomorrow, at one point last night the Leverkusen centre-half came up to
me and asked how he is still playing at that age, that speaks volumes on
how good he is!

100

Based on the utterance above, Rooney performed the expressive speech act
of complimenting directly without being preceded or followed by any other
speech acts.
(30)

Fitting way to win the title. Great performance from the lads!
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of complimenting with the addition of other

speech act after the head act (the main message). The main message was to
compliment Manchester United Great performance from the lads!, but it was
preceded by the assertive speech act Fitting way to win the title as the
preparatory act.
(31)

Huge Manchester derby today! Click here to watch five of my greatest

moments against City http://bit.ly/YEeNkr
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of complimenting with the addition of other

speech act after the head act (the main message). The main message was to
compliment Manchester United and Manchester City Huge Manchester derby
today!, but it was followed by the directive speech act Click here to watch five
of my greatest moments against City http://bit.ly/YEeNkr as the supportive act.
(32)

What a strike by Rafael! Now we need to concentrate on a big week

coming up!
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of complimenting with the addition of other

speech act after the head act (the main message). The main message was to

101

compliment Rafael What a strike by Rafael!, but it was followed by the

assertive speech act Now we need to concentrate on a big week coming up! as
the supportive act.
(33)

Solid performance by the lads. Pleased we got the away goal.. Danny had
a top game! Looking forward to the return leg at Old Trafford!
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of complimenting with the addition of other

speech act after the head act (the main message). The main message was to
compliment Manchester United Solid performance by the lads, but it was
followed by the expressive speech act of boasting Pleased we got the away goal
and the assertive speech act Danny had a top game! Looking forward to the
return leg at Old Trafford! as the supportive acts.
(34)

Absolutely buzzing with the 3 points. The lads gave it everything! The
atmosphere when Robin scored was unbelievable! Amazing scenes!
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of direct expressive speech act of complimenting without being preceded

or followed by other speech acts.
(35)

Fitting that the boss receives the Manager of the Month award after being
at Manchester United 26 years, today. Incredible achievement
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of direct expressive speech act of complimenting without being preceded

or followed by other speech acts.
(36)

Great performance yesterday! Now to meet up with the England squad

102

Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of complimenting with the addition of other
speech act after the head act (the main message). The main message was to
compliment Manchester United Great performance yesterday!, but it was
followed by the assertive speech act Now to meet up with the England squad as
the supportive act.
(37)

Great result yesterday. It wasnt the best performance but those types of
games are always difficult. What a finish by Rafael!
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of complimenting with the addition of other

speech act after the head act (the main message). The main message was to
compliment Manchester United Great result yesterday, but it was followed by
the assertive speech act It wasnt the best performance but those types of games
are always difficult and the expressive speech act of complimenting What a
finish by Rafael! as the supportive acts.
(38)

Thanks to everybody that voted. Looking forward to Sundays game

against Chelsea!
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of thanking with the addition of other speech act
after the head act (the main message). The main message was to thank everyone
voting him Thanks to everybody that voted, but it was followed by the assertive
speech act Looking forward to Sundays game against Chelsea! as the
supportive act.

103

(39)

Thanks to everyone at WWE for a great night, the kids loved it. Hope
youre ok Wade Barrett! Haha
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of thanking with the addition of other speech act
after the head act (the main message). The main message was to thank his
supporters at WWE Thanks to everyone at WWE for a great night, but it was
followed by the assertive speech act the kids loved it and a directive speech act
Hope youre ok Wade Barrett! Haha as the supportive acts.
(40)

3 points! Thanks for the support!

Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of thanking with the addition of other speech act
after the head act (the main message). The main message was to thank his
supporters Thanks for the support!, but it was preceded by the assertive speech
act 3 points! as the preparatory act.
(41)

Thanks for the birthday wishes. For a chance to win a pair of tickets to
theCrystal Palace Football Club game just like this post!
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of thanking with the addition of other speech act
after the head act (the main message). The main message was to thank everyone
giving the birthday wishes for him Thanks for the birthday wishes, but it was
followed by the directive speech act For a chance to win a pair of tickets to
theCrystal Palace Football Club game just like this post! as the supportive act.

104

(42)

Reached 20 Million fans! Thank you for the support. Ive decided to give
away a pair of my boots. All you have to do is LIKE this post for a
chance to win. Good Luck!
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of thanking with the addition of other speech act
after the head act (the main message). The main message was to thank his fans
Thank you for the support, but it was preceded by the assertive speech act
Reached 20 Million fans! as the preparatory act and followed by the assertive
speech act Ive decided to give away a pair of my boots as well as the directive
speech act All you have to do is LIKE this post for a chance to win. Good
Luck! as the supportive acts.
(43)

17 Million Fans on Facebook! Thanks for your support!

Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of thanking with the addition of other speech act
after the head act (the main message). The main message was to thank his fans
Thanks for your support!, but it was preceded by the assertive speech act 17
Million Fans on Facebook! as the preparatory act.
(44)

Thanks to Clemen Botha for sending in todays fan photo all the way
from South Africa! Clemen is standing next to a picture of me from the
07/08 double winning season that ended amazingly with that famous night
in Moscow...
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of thanking with the addition of other speech act

105

after the head act (the main message). The main message was to thank Clemen
Botha Thanks to Clemen Botha for sending in todays fan photo all the way from
South Africa, but it was followed by the assertive speech act Clemen is standing
next to a picture of me from the 07/08 double winning season that ended
amazingly with that famous night in Moscow... as the supportive act.
(45)

Just got home from training, checked my Facebook and realised Ive
reached 14 million likes! Thanks to everyone of you, really appreciate
your support!
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of thanking with the addition of other speech act
after the head act (the main message). The main message was to thank his fans
Thanks to everyone of you, but it was preceded by the assertive speech act Just
got home from training, checked my Facebook and realised Ive reached 14
million likes! as the preparatory act and followed by the assertive speech act
really appreciate your support! as the supportive act.
(46)

Heres some pictures from Monday nights game. It was an unbelievable

reaction from the fans, so thank you. I really appreciate your support. It
means a lot
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of thanking with the addition of other speech act
after the head act (the main message). The main message was to thank his fans so
thank you, but it was preceded by the assertive speech act Heres some pictures
from Monday nights game, and the expressive speech act of complimenting It

106

was an unbelievable reaction from the fans as the preparatory acts. In addition, it
was also followed by assertive speech act I really appreciate your support. It
means a lot as the supportive act.
(47)

Reached 11 Million likes! Thanks for all your support!

Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of thanking with the addition of other speech act
after the head act (the main message). The main message was to thank his fans
Thanks for all your support!, but it was preceded by the assertive speech act
Reached 11 Million likes! as the preparatory act.
(48)

10 MILLION!! Thanks for all your support, means a lot!

Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of thanking with the addition of other speech act
after the head act (the main message). The main message was to thank his fans
Thanks for all your support, but it was preceded by the assertive speech act 10
MILLION!! as the preparatory act and followed by the assertive speech act
means a lot! as the supportive act.
(49)

Just want to thank everyone for their messages of support. Gutted to be

out for a while but my leg will be ok which is the main thing
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of thanking with the addition of other speech act
after the head act (the main message). The main message was to thank his
supporters Just want to thank everyone for their messages of support, but it was

107

followed by the assertive speech act Gutted to be out for a while but my leg will
be ok which is the main thing as the supportive act.
(50)

Brilliant feeling to be back playing at Old Trafford last night. Thanks to

all the staff at Manchester United who have been helping me with my
recovery
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of boasting with the addition of other speech act
after the head act (the main message). The main message was to boast him self
Brilliant feeling to be back playing at Old Trafford last night, but it was
followed by the expressive speech act of thanking Thanks to all the staff
at Manchester United who have been helping me with my recovery as the
supportive act.
(51)

Great to be back training with the lads

Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of direct expressive speech act of boasting without being preceded or

followed by other speech acts.
(52)

I was lucky enough to be brought up in a warm, loving home. My family

always encouraged me to dream and I believe all children should be
happy, safe and free to dream
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of boasting with the addition of other speech act
after the head act (the main message). The main message was to boast him self I
was lucky enough to be brought up in a warm, loving home. My family always

108

encouraged me to dream, but it was followed by the assertive speech act I

believe all children should be happy, safe and free to dream as the supportive act.
(53)

Massive 3 points for us today. Always great to win at anfield and

delighted to score the winner
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of boasting with the addition of other speech act
after the head act (the main message). The main message was to boast him self
Always great to win at anfield and delighted to score the winner, but it was
preceded by the assertive speech act Massive 3 points for us today as the
preparatory act.
(54)

Great to meet local pupils at Manchester United Foundation event today

and answer their questions #SchoolsUnited
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of direct expressive speech act of boasting without being preceded or

followed by other speech acts.
(55)

Tough game tonight but happy were through to the next round!
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of direct expressive speech act of boasting without being preceded or

followed by other speech acts.
(56)

It was a pleasure to turn on the lights of the Old Trafford Christmas tree
alongside Manchester United Foundation student Winta and Michael
Carrick!

109

Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of direct expressive speech act of boasting without being preceded or
followed by other speech acts.
(57)

Great day at Blackpool with Coleen Rooney and the kids

Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of direct expressive speech act of boasting without being preceded or

followed by other speech acts.
(58)

Good to kick the #Mutour off with a win. Next up is San Jose
Earthquakes on Wednesday!
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of boasting with the addition of other speech act
after the head act (the main message). The main message was to boast him self
Good to kick the #Mutour off with a win, but it was followed by the assertive
speech act Next up is San Jose Earthquakes on Wednesday! as the supportive
act.
(59)

Great to get the chance to meet some of our fans in Seattle today. Sleep
now then its match day! #Mutour
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of boasting with the addition of other speech act
after the head act (the main message). The main message was to boast him self
Great to get the chance to meet some of our fans in Seattle today, but it was
followed by the assertive speech act Sleep now then its match day! #Mutour as
the supportive act.

110

(60)

Brilliant holiday with our boys #familytime

Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of direct expressive speech act of boasting without being preceded or

followed by other speech acts.
(61)

Excited

to

announce The

Honeypot

Childrens

Charity as

our

new England Footballers Foundation domestic charity partner. For more

information head over to www.englandfootballersfoundation.com
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a
strategy of expressive speech act of boasting with the addition of other speech act
after the head act (the main message). The main message was to boast him self
Excited to announce The Honeypot Childrens Charity as our new England
Footballers Foundation domestic charity partner, but it was followed by the
directive

speech

act

For

more

information

head

over

to www.englandfootballersfoundation.com as the supportive act.

(62)

Had a great day today meeting our supporters at the Manchester United
Foundation Dream Day!
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of direct expressive speech act of boasting without being preceded or

followed by other speech acts.
(63)

Enjoyed going to Stretford High School with the Manchester

UnitedFoundation. Delighted to meet the kids and work on some projects
with them!

111

Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of direct expressive speech act of boasting without being preceded or
followed by other speech acts.
(64)

Great to go back to school and speak to the kids today as part of

theManchester United Foundation #SchoolsUnited !
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of direct expressive speech act of boasting without being preceded or

followed by other speech acts.
(65)

Great day filming yesterday at my friend Wings restaurant and learning

about Chinese New Year. Keep a look out next week for the video!
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of boasting with the addition of other speech act
after the head act (the main message). The main message was to boast him self
Great day filming yesterday at my friend Wings restaurant and learning about
Chinese New Year, but it was followed by the directive speech act Keep a look
out next week for the video! as the supportive act.
(66)

Lucky to have some great people around me! #friendsday

Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of direct expressive speech act of boasting without being preceded or

followed by other speech acts.
(67)

It was a pleasure to meet Milan Patel who is battling cancer for the third
time. This young mans story and positive attitude is more than inspiring.
Look out tomorrow to see what happened when Triple S Sports &

112

Entertainment Group and myself invited Milan and his family over to Old
Trafford to watch a game!
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a
strategy of expressive speech act of boasting with the addition of other speech act
after the head act (the main message). The main message was to boast him self It
was a pleasure to meet Milan Patel who is battling cancer for the third time, but it
was followed by the expressive speech act of complimenting This young mans
story and positive attitude is more than inspiring and a directive speech act
Look out tomorrow to see what happened when Triple S Sports & Entertainment
Group and myself invited Milan and his family over to Old Trafford to watch a
game! as the supportive acts.
(68)

Great to see that England will host the UEFA U17s European
Championship in 2018. Itll be a great experience for the lads to play in a
home based tournament and also a good opportunity to show the quality of
our facilities! http://the-fa.com/kqwmIN
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of boasting with the addition of other speech act
after the head act (the main message). The main message was to boast him self
Great to see that England will host the UEFA U17s European Championship in
2018, but it was followed by the assertive speech act Itll be a great experience
for the lads to play in a home based tournament and also a good opportunity to
show the quality of our facilities! http://the-fa.com/kqwmIN as the supportive
act.

113

(69)

It was an honour to win the England Football Team Player of the Year
award yesterday. Thanks to all the England fans for your support this year.
Congratulations to Toni Duggan who won the England Womens Football
Team award and also Saido Berahino on winning the U21s award, well
deserved!
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of boasting with the addition of other speech act
after the head act (the main message). The main message was to boast him self It
was an honour to win the England Football Team Player of the Year award
yesterday, but it was followed by the expressive speech act of thanking Thanks
to all the England fans for your support this year and the expressive speech act
of congratulating Congratulations to Toni Duggan who won the England
Womens Football Team award and also Saido Berahino on winning the U21s
award, well deserved! as the supportive acts.
(70)

Very happy to announce that I have signed a new extended contract

withManchester United
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of direct expressive speech act of boasting without being preceded or

followed by other speech acts.
(71)

Great to get back to winning ways last night. Here are a few photos from
the game...
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of boasting with the addition of other speech act

114

after the head act (the main message). The main message was to boast him self
Great to get back to winning ways last night, but it was followed by the
assertive speech act Here are a few photos from the game... as the supportive
act.
(72)

Some

behind-the-scenes

images

from

the

recent Samsung

Mobilecampaign I featured in. It was a great day and good to get in the
ring withTeam Smith Brothers. Boxing
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a
strategy of expressive speech act of boasting with the addition of other speech act
after the head act (the main message). The main message was to boast him self It
was a great day and good to get in the ring withTeam Smith Brothers. Boxing,
but it was preceded by the assertive speech act Some behind-the-scenes images
from the recent Samsung Mobilecampaign I featured in as the preparatory act.
(73)

Great to get back to winnings ways last night. Looking forward to Aston
Villa on Sunday now and hopefully picking up the 3 points
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of boasting with the addition of other speech act
after the head act (the main message). The main message was to boast him self
Great to get back to winnings ways last night, but it was followed by the
assertive speech act Looking forward to Aston Villa on Sunday now and
hopefully picking up the 3 points as the supportive act.
(74)

Delighted with yesterdays performance, we knew wed have to win at all

costs and this should give us a massive lift. We defended really well,

115

created the better chances and thankfully got the three points. It was a
great effort from everyone!
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a
strategy of expressive speech act of boasting with the addition of other speech act
after the head act (the main message). The main message was to boast him self
Delighted with yesterdays performance, but it was followed by the assertive
speech act we knew wed have to win at all costs and this should give us a
massive lift. We defended really well, created the better chances and thankfully
got the three points. and the expressive speech act of complimenting It was a
great effort from everyone! as the supportive acts.
(75)

It was a pleasure to spend time with Uzair from the Rays of Sunshine
Childrens Charity on behalf of the England Footballers Foundation. Its
great to see the smiles on kids faces when you meet them. I get a lot of
joy out of it! http://gms.to/17fJihi
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of direct expressive speech act of boasting without being preceded or

followed by other speech acts.
(76)

Great Experience! http://bit.ly/15vAjJ3

Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of direct expressive speech act of boasting without being preceded or

followed by other speech acts.
(77)

Big 3 points on Saturday and great to get on the scoresheet. Off to meet
up with the England lads

116

Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of boasting with the addition of other speech act
after the head act (the main message). The main message was to boast him self
Big 3 points on Saturday and great to get on the scoresheet, but it was followed
by the assertive speech act Off to meet up with the England lads as the
supportive act.
(78)

It was an honour to Captain England for the first time against Brazil in
2009. Hopefully we can put on a good performance and get the win at
Wembley tomorrow night
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of boasting with the addition of other speech act
after the head act (the main message). The main message was to boast him self It
was an honour to Captain England for the first time against Brazil in 2009, but it
was followed by the directive speech act Hopefully we can put on a good
performance and get the win at Wembley tomorrow night as the supportive act.
(79)

Felt great to be back fit and playing again. That goal was for Rosie!
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of boasting with the addition of other speech act
after the head act (the main message). The main message was to boast him self
Felt great to be back fit and playing again, but it was followed by the assertive
speech act That goal was for Rosie! as the supportive act.
(80)

Very proud to be apart of and to celebrate 150 years of English football.

Let me know some of your favourite moments!

117

Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of boasting with the addition of other speech act
after the head act (the main message). The main message was to boast him self
Very proud to be apart of and to celebrate 150 years of English football, but it
was followed by the directive speech act Let me know some of your favourite
moments! as the supportive act.
(81)

Had a nice day out in London on Saturday with my family

Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of direct expressive speech act of boasting without being preceded or

followed by other speech acts.
(82)

To be named as England captain for tomorrow's World Cup qualifier

game is one of the proudest moments of my football career
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of direct expressive speech act of boasting without being preceded or

followed by other speech acts.
(83)

Happy with the result and getting the first 90mins since my injury!
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of direct expressive speech act of boasting without being preceded or

followed by other speech acts.
(84)

So happy to be back playing last night and to get the win. Cant wait for
my next game already. What do you all think of my new boots?
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of boasting with the addition of other speech act

118

after the head act (the main message). The main message was to boast him self
So happy to be back playing last night and to get the win, but it was followed by
the assertive speech act Cant wait for my next game already and the directive
speech act What do you all think of my new boots? as the supportive acts.
(85)

Excited that the Champions League is back. I'll never forget my debut for
Man Utd in the Champions League, heres a picture from my third goal!
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of boasting with the addition of other speech act
after the head act (the main message). The main message was to boast him self
Excited that the Champions League is back, but it was followed by the assertive
speech act I'll never forget my debut for Man Utd in the Champions League,
heres a picture from my third goal! as the supportive act.
(86)

Receiving the Man of the Match award in our final pre season game.
Really pleased with the win and also getting on the score sheet. Now for
the start of the Premier League.......
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of boasting with the addition of other speech act
after the head act (the main message). The main message was to boast him self
Really pleased with the win and also getting on the score sheet, but it was
preceded by the assertive speech act Receiving the Man of the Match award in
our final pre season game as the preparatory act and followed by the assertive
speech act Now for the start of the Premier League....... as the supportive act.
(87)

Had a great day at the farm with Kai

119

Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of direct expressive speech act of boasting without being preceded or
followed by other speech acts.
(88)

Having a nice break in LA with Coleen

Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of direct expressive speech act of boasting without being preceded or

followed by other speech acts.
(89)

Excited

that

my

new

website

is

now

live

www.officialwaynerooney.com
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a
strategy of direct expressive speech act of boasting without being preceded or
followed by other speech acts.
(90)

Really happy to be involved in an exciting project. I am designing a

unique, custom made Lauge Jensen motorcycle to be auctioned with all the
proceeds

going

to

KidsAid.

For

further

details

please

visit:http://www.kidsaid.dk/pages/nyheder.asp
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a
strategy of expressive speech act of boasting with the addition of other speech act
after the head act (the main message). The main message was to boast him self
Really happy to be involved in an exciting project, but it was followed by the
assertive speech act I am designing a unique, custom made Lauge Jensen
motorcycle to be auctioned with all the proceeds going to KidsAid and the

120

directive

speech

act

For

further

details

please

visit:http://www.kidsaid.dk/pages/nyheder.asp as the supportive acts.

(91)

Not the happiest man in the world today after yesterdays result,
obviously delighted with the goals and the fact that they have put me into
fourth in the Manchester United all time scoring list behind Jack Rowley,
Denis Law and Sir Bobby Charlton but would have honestly preferred the
3 points. Important we respond now with a positive reaction
Based on the utterance above, it could be described that Rooney used a

strategy of expressive speech act of boasting with the addition of other speech act
after the head act (the main message). The main message was to boast him self
Not the happiest man in the world today after yesterdays result, obviously
delighted with the goals and the fact that they have put me into fourth in the
Manchester United all time scoring list behind Jack Rowley, Denis Law and Sir
Bobby Charlton but would have honestly preferred the 3 points, but it was
followed by the assertive speech act Important we respond now with a positive
reaction as the supportive act.
The summary of the strategies used by Wayne Rooney to perform
expressive speech acts on his Facebook could be seen in appendix 5.
4.1.3 The Effects of Expressive Speech Acts Performed by Wayne Rooney
on the Hearers
The writer analyzed the effects of expressive speech acts by referring to
the theory of perlocutionary acts proposed by Austin in 1962 and Qiang in 2013.
The writer took ten effects at random of each utterance as seen in the following.

121

(1)

Happy Birthday Daley Blind!

The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Griffith Awuah to congratulate by saying Happy birthday to you

Daley Blind.. This guy is the best midfielder in the EPL just that he cannot
prove this fact cos he is a defender..

To cause Ojie Kings to congratulate by saying HBD D Blind that sees. Best
wishes on your birthday. Pls do us proud in our next match against liverpool.
We love you bruv!

To cause MC Nitro Dhumorous to congratulate by saying Happy birthday to

the best ball playing CB in the Barclays Premier League. The master of
consistency and Manchester Uniteds Mr. Dependable!!

To cause Goodluck Progress to congratulate by saying Happy birthday to you

Daley Blind, you are best in world in the game of football i wish you long life
and many years to come, may God Almighty continue to bless you and your
family! Happy birthday again my real guy. I love you all UNITED players i
wish to been with you guys and celebrate this birthday with you guys

To cause Peter Gilraine to congratulate by saying Happy birthday blind

Wayne Rooney please dont leave Manchester United we all know your
passion and dedication to the club

To cause Samuel Ibeanusi to congratulate by saying Blind Happy birthday,

wish u many many more happy returns at Old Traford, with Exotic
Style.Bravo My Man

122

To cause Witness Wadi to congratulate by saying Happy birthday to you our

star defender for the moment, I wish a great happy birthday and a come back
winning. Witness Wadi Happy birthday to you our star defender for the
moment, I wish a great happy birthday and a come back winning.

To cause Michael Matteo Rossi to congratulate by saying Happy b day Daley

Blind and get better Wayne Rooney you got a lot of support in LA for you
mate!

To cause Obinna Kennedy WayForward to congratulate by saying More

grace and injury free career is my wish for you as u grow into a United
legend.... Happy birthday Daley

To cause Ishola Quadri to congratulate by saying happy birthday to you daley

blind long life and prosperity and your life we grow like grass in money
peacfull, and we want you play more for man u more

(2)

Congratulations

to Leo

Messi on

winning

his

5th #BallondOr .

Unbelievable achievement
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had
many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Basit Ali to encourage by saying waye rooney its looks even more
good if u work hard and win the balon dor and mesii and ronaldo write that
congratulation to wayne rooney on winning the balon dor ... well u can do
everything bcz i know u are best so next year promise us its wayne rooney
turn to destroy every one

123

To cause Barnabas Johnnie Jnr to encourage by saying rooney u too can win
.... he is a human just like you... come on captain we want the old rooney back
... congratulation my superstar leo messi ..

To cause Shakeil Gaffar to compliment by saying Ronaldo Messi Neymar all

have unbelievable talent and Wayne Rooney Englands Finest #respect dont
compare footballers please they all deserve it !!

To cause Steven Vukea Shangaan to assert by saying You cant compare

messi and ronaldo may be you can compare ronaldo and neymar,messi is far
better than ronaldo(trueth is painfull)

To cause Ugwu Okechukwu to congratulate by saying Congratulations to

ronaldo...woww,,,He just broke his own record, no player in football history
has clapped for messi winning awards than ronaldo

To cause Ridda Ismail to congratulate by saying Congratulations Leo Messi,

you are the best of the best. You are deserved to 100 Ballon dOr. I wish
Rooney got it next year after Man United got premier and champion league
and England win 2016

To cause Albert Cassar to compliment by saying You are all great player.
You Wayne my favourite player of Man Utd Ronaldo and many more. But in
my opinion I have never seen a player like the great MESSI. Congrats to him
and all the contenders

To cause Gaurav Shukla to assert by saying if u want #ballondOr so will

play in la liga. Than sure u will win atleast a #ballondOr.. it was so boring...

124

no other plyer win this awards.. every time ronaldo and messi nominated...
where r other plyer... boring...
-

To cause Fodio Musa Basakkwace to congratulate by saying Congrats

Lionel Messi for winning the FIFA BALLON DOR 2015 for a record 5th
time in his career!!! We are all privileged to be witnessing a true legend
during his best years

To cause Fendy Hermawan to encourage by saying Rooney u had potential

to be a ballon dor winner mate. I know its hard, but you can do it. Come on
Rooney ! Bring Man Utd alive !!

(3)

Happy birthday Juan Mata #mufc

The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Dennis Duke to congratulate by saying Will be on his way if

Mourinho gets the job. Utd a better team when Mata plays in my humble
opinion. happy birthday

To cause Precious Chileya to congratulate by saying Happy big one? you

make me proud to be a man u fun and I enjoy Watching you play. you are my
star.HAPPY BIRTHDAY JUAN MATA.

To cause Nita Antunes to congratulate by saying Happy birthday Juan Mata.

I agree with Dennis Duke. I like Mata a lot. Hope every day Man Utds
management comes to their senses and forgets about Mourinho it is only the
media writing about him only to fill the paper.

125

To cause Pa Dawda to congratulate by saying Happy birthday to you Juan

Mata enjoy your day because is your day and help man united to make
different in the EPL

To cause Joe Jericho to congratulate by saying May your birthday and

everyday be field with warmth of sunshine ,The happiness of smile, the sound
s of laughter ,The filling of Love and the shearing of good chears, on this
special day I wish you all the best all the joy , may you have a fantastic
birthday and many more to come HAPPY BIRTHDAY MY HERO JUAN
MATA

To cause Emmanuel Ayobami to congratulate by saying Like if you agree??!

We already know Leicester city are the champions. . Just in a bit! But they
aint winning, not even a draw for them at Old trafford next tomorrow.. Happy
Birthday #JuanMATAmanuel #GGMU#2016FACUP

To cause Taofeek Babatunde Yusuf to congratulate by saying Happy

birthday to my lovely player juan mata..we still need you in chelsea the tiger
coach has went away from the club..hero of blue

To cause Fajar Setiawan to congratulate by saying happy birthday juan

mata...you are the best

To cause Kyampire Halima to congratulate by saying Happy birthday to my

one and only mata love you dia may u grow en seee ur great great kidz @OT
.enjoy ur day

126

To cause Adeleke DYkid Olamide to congratulate by saying Happy birthday

too you juan mata how old are you . why am asking this that. you'r too short
too know your age so tell us

(4)

Congratulations to our U21 squad who won the league last night, brilliant
lads! Looking forward to our game at Old Trafford tonight against Crystal
Palace Football Club
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Getnet Alex to compliment by saying you are also the model of
young players, with out your exprience sharing and advise they are
nothing,,,,, thanks wazza for your continues help of this lovely club....!!!!
(can't wait until you won FA cup medals & break charltons goal scoring
record).

To cause Brian Rowland Bady to compliment by saying big up manchester

united for the great game you ar playing, en am very proud of the FA game
coming next, we need a win from you to battle the champion of the FA cup.

To cause Bon to expect by saying I hope Man U 2-0 crystal palace and
Rooney $ Martial score tonight .. my idol

To cause Julie Liepins to compliment by saying A superb performance, great

game to watch and an even better result!!! well done lads.

To cause Aaron Bainbridge to congratulate by saying Congratulations to

Manchester united under 21 team for winning the Premier league yet again

127

To cause Huy Alex VU to compliment by saying As close as we're ever

gonna get to winning the epl anytime soon Ali Rollins ... But well done lads
from Sydney Australia

To cause Mary Faulkner to suggest by saying Play like the real Manchester
United tonight .......and the last few matches of the season ....!!!!

To cause Adedeji Emmanuel to compliment by saying Youth squad!,always

making us proud..They are the future changing history,I hope I join you guys
too soon

To cause KeZong Chang to expect by saying I wish the senior players could
also win the league like the U21's..

To cause Pat Denton to congratulate by saying Congrats to United under 21

team for winning the league yet again. 4 out of five Seasons that is.

(5)

Happy 30th Birthday to my wife Coleen Rooney. Hope you enjoy your
day
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Jitan Katwal to congratulate by saying Great rooney love from

Nepal And happy birthday to her

To cause Gatana Michael Muchira to congratulate by saying Happy birthday

Mrs Rooney and have the best remember the best moments you share with
him especially the one at tree top kenya it was awesome

128

To cause Ancila Mosha to congratulate by saying Happy Birthday Mrs

Rooney I pray that one day we should celebrate together if not on in this
world even in heaven have a long life and may God bless you

To cause Mulugeta Mersha to congratulate by saying Hbd miss colean.hope

one day u and mr rooney will visit ethiopia, the origin of mankind and
civilization. I wil invitd u the famous ethiopian food, injera with doro wot
plus the riftvalley wine.

To cause Justin Arendse to congratulate by saying Happy birthday to your

wify Mr. Rooney may the LORD spare her many more years to come. Hope
she have a blessed day further and please spoil her and make it her special
day. Enjoy

To cause Gerry Fassie Nhleko to congratulate by saying Happy birthday Mrs

Rooney wish you many more years, that will keep my player going. We love
you guys.

To cause Siphumezo Classen Phura Fiti to congratulate by saying Happy

birth day collen rooney.. I wish god can give you many more
years... #abashe from south Africa

To cause Anioyibo Prosper Chinedu to congratulate by saying 30th

birthday? wow Wayne!!! your darling is still looking like a sweet 16! well
happy birthday to you ma'am.....wishing you more fruitful & happy years
with Wayne.

129

To cause Aman Masduqi Zahari to congratulate by saying Happy bday mrs

rooney.. May god bless u always.. And lets celebrate our victory tonite agains
everton

To cause Necati Gezer to congratulate by saying Happy Birthday dear Mrs

Rooney. May the star of happiness health and success shine on your path.
May God bless your family. Greetings to all of you.

(6)

Happy Easter everyone!

The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Kotti Smart to congratulate by saying Happy Easter to the Rooney

family. Beautiful photos of your lovely family. Look forward to seeing you
playing football at Old Trafford again very soon. So please hurry up and get
fit again xxx

To cause Teasha Carty to congratulate by saying Happy Easter to all the

Rooney Clan. Thank you for sharing your photos. Wishing you all the best
from me my family. XXX.

To cause Diane Halpin to congratulate by saying Happy Easter to you all all
looking good in the Sunshine Your boys are growing up to look like each
other you must be so proud Love it when you share your photos xxxx.

To cause John Cheetham to congratulate by saying Wonderful pics, happy

Easter. Ignore the sad haters Wayne when you're fully fit again you'll be a
great bonus to the England squad mate

130

To cause David Harrison Cllr to congratulate by saying Happy Easter to the

Rooney family

To cause Sargoon Assyrian to congratulate by saying Happy Easter to the

Rooney family

To cause Annamaire Clements to congratulate by saying Happy Easter to

you all hope you get back to playing football soon Wayne Rooney

To cause Jucy Menezes to congratulate by saying Happy easter to all

Rooney!!!!!

To cause Ann Barry to congratulate by saying Happy Easter Wayne Collen

And Family

To cause Abass Sheku to congratulate by saying Happy Easter to the Rooney

families! special one to Kai, future captain of Manchester United

(7)

Throwback Thursday - Celebrating with my mates. Happy St Patrick's

Day
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Awcw Wilz to forbid by saying Real fans don't keep asking for the
sacking of the boss. Insensitive fans please save your sacking messages to
yourself. I'm sure that our captain is fully behind our gaffer

To cause Niall Hughes to assert by saying Niall O'reilly I'm sure big jonny is
going mad celebrating st Patricks day

To cause Philip Gray to assert by saying Ciaran Liam not sure Jonny Evans
will be celebrating St Patricks Day

131

To cause Mayank Gupta to encourage by saying Wayne Rooney on 3 march

score the first goal at home. take the record and make sure you add two more
any how this season, so it becomes the 12 consecutive season of you scoring
at least 10 goals a season, which i doubt anybody will catch upto. its
unfortunate that you wont be playing today. Ggmu

To cause Luke Machin to compliment by saying Hey Wayne I'm a lifelong

Man Utd fan and you are my favourite player, plus your bicycle kick vs Man
City was the best you've ever scored!

To cause Cristian-Alexandru Visan to compliment by saying My favorite

centre back,that played for man Utd ,in my opinion is....Jonny Evans Rooney
and O'Shea are also good players tough

To cause Jay Rjay to assert by saying tempted to make fun of your head but i
might end up hurting your feelings and the way i respect you Rooney. LOL!

To cause Nino Alhaq to compliment by saying One of the best Centre back
partnerships of all time! JOHNNY EVANS AND JOHN "the backup keeper"
O'SHEA!

To cause David Harrison Cllr to assert by saying Wayne its sad to say I like
many other united fans feel disgusted and let down by what van gaal is doing
to our club, i feel sick

To cause Carmel Murray to congratulate by saying happy st patrick's day

wayne to you and you'r family

(8)

Happy Mothers Day to the best mum in the world for our three boys.
Thanks for everything you do for us Coleen Rooney we love you loads!

132

The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had
many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Norman Terry to compliment by saying What great photos of you

all ....Get well soon Wayne and do what you do best when back in the team
....Scoring goals,plenty of life left in you yet ..... and break Sir Bobbys record
....... ASAP !

To cause Kath Turner to compliment by saying lovely photos, hope your

little one is thriving as Im sure he will, all the best to you and your family
hope to see you back playing soon xxx

To cause Meles Ashebir to compliment by saying i am from ethiopia rooney

u r a great player wiz a great club!!!did u know something about
ethiopia???!if u read it zis post please say some thing!we luv u!!!thnx!

To cause Lisa Holden to assert by saying i love all the positive comments on
here for a change.. happy days.. Wayne get well soon.. Man Utd, and all
your fans miss you..

To cause Jane Edwards Preston to compliment by saying These are just

fantastic photos i dont think you read other profiles mine i got allsorts of my
daughter x

To cause Aleyna Qurbanli to compliment by saying You have got great and
beautiful family and youre always the best player for us Rooney, have a
wonderful day to you and your family!

To cause Raditya Pradana Putra to wonder by saying when You back in

United Squad Capten , United Need you to motivasion Finish in big 4

133

To cause Mavis Allen to compliment by saying Lovely pictures. I really

admire people in the public eye, who keep their feet on the ground, It show in
how you live your life with your children.. Well done.x

To cause Claire Cross Easy to assert by saying to say we love you mum.
Means more than any gift

To cause Mubarek Ebn Ali to assert by saying i love you waye Rooney fore
Ethiopia

(9)

Happy Lunar New Year to everybody celebrating

The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Hng Phm to congratulate by saying Happy Lunar New Year

Wayne ! Me and a lot of Manchesters fan in Viet Nam wish you all the best,
keep fighting and lets bring the Fergie spirit into every game,never give up!
Glory Glory Manchester United

To cause Nhn Tr Nguyn to congratulate by saying Happy Lunar New

Year to everybody, this comment come from Vietnam

To cause Nguyn Hong Long to expect by saying In Viet Nam, we call

Lunar New Year with a name Tet. Wish you, your family and your team
have a lot of success, health & money

To cause Tien Vu Quang to congratulate by saying Happy lunar new year

wayne Rooney! Thanks you so much

134

To cause Hung Le Viet to congratulate by saying You are the first guy I met
today can call the exact name of lunar new year. Yeah it is lunar new year
not chines new year. Happy lunar new year everyone

To cause Rashka Victorious to congratulate by saying Happy Lunar year too

Rooney. Im not chinnese. Im African Somali man united fan.

To cause DS Mak to congratulate by saying Hi Rooney happy lunar new

year to you too! You did fantastic in yest Chelseas match

To cause Desi Anwar to congratulate by saying Thank you Rooney. Happy

Lunar New Year too!

To cause Trn nh Ng to congratulate by saying Happy lunar new year to

my idol, and warmest wishes for a happy and successful. I have a dream bout
Sir Mourinho will come to Old Trafford for leading MU. Bravo bravo!!!!

To cause Adam Rahmsy Karamoko to congratulate by saying Hello Wayne

happy lunar new year to you.

(10)

Happy New Year! Wishing everyone a happy 2016!

The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause James Nguya to congratulate by saying Seems you have scored

another goal Captain. Happy New Year

To cause Tracy McDonald to congratulate by saying Why cant people just

wish him best wishes without talking about football Happy new year wayne
and your family and your precious bump.All the very best xx

135

To cause Mayor Popoola Jr. to congratulate by saying Little lad coming.

Happy new Year Wayne family

To cause Erwin Bell to congratulate by saying Happy new year let hope you
start scoring again, that will be our new year resolution

To cause Ramiz Makkar to congratulate by saying A happy new year would

be a few goals Wayne....

To cause Dorothy Duke to congratulate by saying Happy New Year to the

wonderful Rooney family!xxxx

To cause Jenny Langridge to congratulate by saying Happy new year

Wayne, may 2016 be your best year ever

To cause Steve Blount to congratulate by saying Happy new year to the one
and only Wayne Rooney and your family

To cause Clinton Lee Naidoo to congratulate by saying Happy new year my

captain rooney things will change the goals will come .wayne rooney out of
this world all the best for 2016

(11)

To cause Saki to congratulate by saying Happy NEW Year Bro

Congratulations to Cristiano Ronaldo on becoming Real Madrid C.F. all
time leading goalscorer. Brilliant achievement!
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Suraj Belmont to compliment by saying You are the reason behind
that too He developed really well with you

136

To cause Julio Alberto Rcha to expect by saying And it will be your turn
for Manchester United by the end of the season (Hopefully)

To cause Mike Lowry to assert by saying Rooney and Ronaldo All day
long

To cause Kotieno Lilly to assert by saying Ronaldo is better than Messi

To cause Amine Ksassoua to compliment by saying Cristiano Ronaldo is the

unique living legend Messi is good player

To cause hmd hkh M to compliment by saying Rooney And ronaldo

best partnership

To cause Rshad to assert by saying Injured Messi is betterthan Ronaldo

To cause Rahul Biswas to compliment by saying Ronaldo and Rooney.. Best

friends

To cause Xuseen Keet to compliment by saying rooney and ronaldo all the
best utd legends

To cause Reshad Leezy to request by saying Like if you think ronaldo is

better than rooney and messi

(12)

Its all about this little man today. Happy Birthday to my youngest son
Klay, 2 today!
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Deborah Abiola to congratulate by saying Happy birthday little

legend

To cause Mithun Hs to congratulate by saying happy birthday klay!!!!

137

To cause Marto Mungai to congratulate by saying happy birthday Rooney

junior

To cause Mohammad Sidiq Joya to congratulate by saying Happy birthday

sweet klay

To cause Trevor Stitch Saunders to congratulate by saying Happy birthday

to Wayne son klay have a great day with the family

To cause Oscar Nero to congratulate by saying Happy birthday klay

celebrating wit my son as well

To cause Reza Aziz Prasetya Happy to congratulate by saying birthday klay

rooney

To cause Nikhil Bane to congratulate by saying Happy Birthday Klay!

To cause Chirag K. Singhal to congratulate by saying Happy birthday

Rooney Jr. Hope you become even better than your father

To cause Ritesh Dhanani to congratulate by saying Am happy to share my

birthday with Klay happy birthday champ..

(13)

Congratulations to my friend David De Gea on being nominated for the

PFA Player of the Year. Hes Been unbelievable in goal for us this
season!
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Efrem Goitom Rooney to assert by saying I love you

To cause Om Mane to compliment by saying hes great and wish him luck

138

To cause James Richardson to assert by saying This would be a great site my

favourite 2 united players together

To cause Sharif Sharifson Sharif to compliment by saying Well done boys

To

cause

Ernest

Outland to

compliment

by

saying

super

goalkeeper.Always remind of Edwin Van Der Saar

-

To cause Rifki Kurnia to compliment by saying Good

To cause Jairus Amos to compliment by saying Rooney you are the best
captain

To cause Wobo Christian to compliment by saying Wayne you are one of

thd greatest players man united has ever had

To cause David Nagu to compliment by saying Both players very

handsome

To cause Marianela Reta to assert by saying Both are my idol Wayne

Rooney and David De Gea

(14)

Happy Birthday to my wife Coleen Rooney. Hope you have a lovely day!
X
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Vijay Singh to congratulate by saying Happy birthday and many

more to come God bless you Amen xx

To cause Kalai Vanan to compliment by saying OK cool boss

To cause Prince Adusei to congratulate by saying happy birthday long life

To cause Fahrul Muzani to congratulate by saying happy birs day

139

To cause Armando Ramirez to compliment by saying pretty couple! Keep up

love one another always!

To cause Cabdirashid Maxamed Xussen to compliment by saying Good day

united

To cause Don Mcjumah to congratulate by saying Congratulations

Rooney!

To cause Mohamed Abdi Hassan to feel glad by saying Im haaaapy for you
roooney

To cause Faisal Hussien Dirir Ducaysane to congratulate by saying Happy

birthday coolen rooney i am great suporter of manchester united especially
wayne rooney player

To cause Jimmy Chirwa to congratulate by saying Hapi hapi birthfy party

mrs looney

(15)

Happy Birthday to my teammate and friend Marcos Rojo!

The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Megamaxtour Tour to compliment by saying Wayne is best of the

best

To cause Abiodun Biodun to congratulate by saying Happy birtheday u ar

word best in football

To cause Tamirat Daneil to congratulate by saying happy birtheday.! U are

good player

To cause Albanus Mutxo to assert by saying Just beareable situation

140

To cause Mccartney Ethan Tracy to compliment by saying It was anice

time

To cause Anthony Haddon to compliment by saying your a good player for

Manchester United when you score goals your my best player ever and when
you play for England will you be score any goals tonight against Italy

To cause Erash Snab Fareen to congratulate by saying Happy birth day.!

To cause Pinggy Thongkaviphone to assert by saying I love you

To cause Nnadi Precious Ebuka to request by saying Pls help me

To cause Chifundo Elliot Roma to congratulate by saying Hbd

(16)

Congratulations to Rory McIlroy on his first professional Hole in One!

The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Ivenso Chinedu to greet by saying Hi"

To cause Dave Jobson to assert by saying Cheers mate I worked hard for it

To cause Safwat Moahmed to assert by saying #Islam = respect for each

other#

To cause Tejeswar Behera to compliment by saying Its vry nice

To cause Jennifer Baxley Jackson to compliment by saying Well done rory I

am a fan

To cause Kev Cash to compliment by saying Well done Rory

To cause Shalom Francis to thank by saying i knew it Rory but thanx for dat
team spirit

To cause Karamoko Ibrahima to greet by saying Hi Champion !

141

To cause Irene Boyd to compliment by saying Fantastic!

To cause Kao Metheesathitthum to assert by saying Today I also got a hole

in one! Sooo Lucky

(17)

Happy 26th Birthday Jonny Evans! Have a good day mate.

The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Isaya Thobias to greet by saying hey wayne rooney good

afternoon?

To cause Shohzod Shoh to greet by saying How are you

To cause Ucup Supriyadi to congratulate by saying Jhon evans heppy bridh

day

To cause Debojyoti Bhattacharjee to request by saying Plz Come to

Chelsea..........

To cause Rapa Mafoa to congratulate by saying happy birthday

To cause Luckmore Lucky to congratulate by saying Happy happy

To cause Ariel Rivera Madrid to forbid by saying do not go manchester unt.

manchester is your home

To cause Seymen Narince to compliment by saying u are my man

To cause Frandy Riang to assert by saying i like Manchester united..

To cause Adnaen Jurusslamat to congratulate by saying Hbd jon

(18)

Happy Easter everyone! Kais enjoying his day, are you?

The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.

142

To cause Richard Quainoo to compliment by saying The future star

for Manchester United Fans

To cause Bernadette Pearson to compliment by saying so cute x

To cause Muneeb Satti to compliment by saying very cuteeeeeeeeeeeee

To cause Khairul Hasan to compliment by saying so sweet..

To cause rfd Jy Ptr to compliment by saying Cute

To cause Myo Thant to compliment by saying Lovely boy!

To cause Benjamin Adjaye to compliment by saying Like father like son!

To cause Osakwe Dumbili to compliment by saying like father like son

To cause Kalanzi Samson Kajjubi to compliment by saying looks more like

the Dad

(19)

To cause Raoul Raoul to compliment by saying Too cute

Happy 3rd Birthday to my son Kai!
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Bahiga Elisha to compliment by saying Amaizing rooney

To cause Lahkpru Paw to congratulate by saying Happy Birthday Kai

To cause Phyoe Michael to compliment by saying oh good

To cause Bhikkhu Uttama to congratulate by sayingHappy birthday baby

To cause Aung Lwin to congratulate by saying happy birthday

To cause Moechamin Min to congratulate by saying happy birthday

To cause Sanjeev Negi to assert by saying waiting for 3 points on Saturday

To cause ZH MHtun to congratulate by saying happy kai

143

To cause Thaw Zin to compliment by saying good

To cause Lock Love to congratulate by saying Happy time for u birthday

(20)

Happy Halloween! Kai's ready for trick or treating!... What do you

think?
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Shams Huda to assert by saying Looks scary

To cause Phuwanet Aodake to assert by saying So scary

To cause Zulfakar Gtr to assert by saying Joker

To cause Nathan Else to compliment by saying Cool Dude Kai

To cause Lasse Habekost Berny to compliment by saying He is so Cute

To cause Marilyn Lloyd to assert by saying He looks scary from Harvey age
10

To cause Oscar C Salinas to assert by saying Scary little boy

To cause Viljo Kivist to assert by saying scary

To cause Tonkla Suphawit to assert by saying you am happy

To cause Ekaansh Sweetless to compliment by saying cute

(21)

Had a great afternoon with Coleen and Kai at my god daughter Sophia's
5th birthday party. Happy birthday Sophia love uncle Wayne
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Petur Oluf Skor to congratulate by saying Happy birthday,

Sophia!

144

To cause Tark Tuncal to compliment by saying nice pi rooney

To cause . to compliment by saying nice pic

To cause Leknoi Kongsuk to compliment by saying Nice

To cause Sky Lar to assert by saying I like your shirt

To cause Umair Shah to compliment by saying beautiful girl

To cause Kefizzy Peter to compliment by saying heroic player

To cause Anis Haider to compliment by saying Really Nice

To cause Marcel LaVodka to greet by saying hy rooney

To cause Edwin ManYola to expect by saying i wish u many more years in

future happy birthday

(22)

Congratulations to my younger brother John whos signed for Orlando

City in the US. Really proud of him. Good luck mate!
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause David John Taylor to compliment by saying Well done John. Can't
wait to come and watch you play

To cause Forquilha Da Francisca Albino to expect by saying good luck like

old brother likd younger brother

To cause Kev da Dreezy to expect by saying goodluck john and work hard to
reach where your brother is i hope one day you will play at man u congrants

To cause Melese Demse to assert by saying I love rooney

To cause Paul Mugala to request by saying John join united it is happening

at united

145

To cause Speedy Gonzales to expect by saying good luck Johnny

To cause Uc Daddyurch to expect by saying Great luck to your arms <@ u

John>

To cause Isaka Oyikobi to expect by saying I hope he'll joins u @ utd

To cause Erl'ameen Yarima to expect by saying Hope he will player like

rooney nd wit united so best of luck john

To cause Benedict O Mayuku to expect by saying Good luck John....

Good result last night and and a great first goal for Andreas Pereira. On to

(23)

the next round.....

The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had
many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To

cause

Gebreslasie

Desta to

expect

by

saying

Wayne

Mark

Rooney(wazza) I hope to start scoring two goal with sunderland mach &All
the best wayne for next ......totaly wayne Rooney special,talent,un selfsh man
-

To cause Kerry Fraser to compliment by saying Really good goal last night
Wayne, hope that gives u confidence to score more goals 4 us starting on
Saturday against Sunderland

To cause Daz Beat to compliment by saying Well played #10 captain nice
goal there + mega goal Saturday ur the best captain keep up the gud work

To cause Dion Smith to compliment by saying Good goal lad now is jus to
punish the next four opponents we have it ruff time to prove we are the red of
Manchester and the best in the league

146

To cause Nathan Utmfb Hall to congratulate by saying Congratulations man

united see yas in the next round may the best team win (Middlesbrough fan)

To cause to assert by saying Rooney, we will not give on you. U are

still the person all defender fears!!!..may the goals come back to you!!.
United as one..(Bernard)

To cause M k to assert by saying We need you in BPL GGMU

Great win

To cause Mark Whitaker to compliment by saying

Great goal by you

Wayne
-

To cause Ssenfuka to assert by saying Benard Perreira is an amazing talent

than wayne rooney

To cause Harmony Darlington to assert by saying Wayne i belive u,i know u

will score more goals this and help bring some trophies to the team

(24)

Good win today and a great performance from Ander Herrera. Next up is
Manchester City at Old Trafford next weekend!
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Maulidi Katwila to compliment by saying Thats true for herera

very very performance wayne rooney

To cause Phyo Thaw Tar to criticize by sayingRooney shouldnt play in

middle when he play in it he cannot kick a goal & nor get a goal

To cause Denviah Mokaya to expect by saying good luck to b on your side

To cause Culud Rooney to compliment by saying wayne rooney yes yes,,,

147

To cause Jaden Brian to thank by saying thanks our captain add as a gift of
wining chelsea thanks 2 all united players who played aganest man city

To cause Bagas Firmansyah to encourage by saying Move on Rooney

To cause Dylan Keating to expect by saying Good luck

To cause Cobin Crowns Reagan to assert by saying 3-1

To cause Mutindi Dan to assert by saying Axiously waiting de day i trust ua

capable enough gud luck

To cause Junior Anderson to encourage by saying Get the goals in and bring
in a 3-1 victory, you can do it

(25)

Good performance today from the lads and another 3 points!

The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Young Kelvin Avanrenren to compliment by saying Great play

To cause Abdul Aziz Jalloh to compliment by saying big up guys

To cause Tata Khalifa to compliment by saying up man u

To cause Abdulmuhaiminu Suleiman Imam to compliment by saying up

rooney

To cause Muhammad Ghalee Suraj to compliment by saying Up wazza

To cause Ibiwoye Oriyomi Tosin to compliment by saying Weldon boy

To cause Moses Issa Mambu to suggest by saying as a captain tell the

manager to buy BOJAN from stock city using 27,trying to buy that guy my
dear

148

To cause M Wildan Pratama to compliment by saying Its cool rooney and

van Persie

To cause Raed Soleman to assert by saying To the end mu thats who we

are

(26)

To cause Quc Huy to compliment by saying van persie is very goog

Great 3-0 win last night against Peru. It was a brilliant atmosphere in
front of the home fans. Thanks for the support!
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Paul Ruiz to compliment by saying Rooney,sturridge,Gerrard

,welbeck and sterling top players

To cause Mohamed Deeq Alfa to wonder by saying england will we winer

world cup

To cause Moe Lwin to encourage by saying Bravely fight for your

country,be lucky...

To cause Midhun Mohanan to assert by saying england will win

To cause L Thanh Thi to compliment by saying OK vyygood

To cause Ben Stephens to encourage by saying Come on England

To cause Jhosua Simbolon to wonder by saying do you like arsenal

To cause Nguyn Xun Trng to compliment by saying good

To cause Ahmed Martial to assert by saying I Love You

To cause Tizee Kasete to assert by saying Sterling, Sturridge and Rooney are
wearing the same shoes

149

(27)

Great performance yesterday, our focus now turns to Manchester City on

Tuesday.
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Ko Shwe Yaw Thar to compliment by saying Verry good!!

To cause Dejen Mulugeta to compliment by saying nice WR

Charlie Macdobson to compliment by saying fantastic

To cause Yosef Mosu to compliment by saying very very naic rooney

To cause Mostafa Al Saed to compliment by saying very very nice

To cause Khalilou Lhi Thillo to assert by saying wayne love you

To cause Lit Dng Ton Thn to compliment by saying veryy goddddd

To cause Michael Perry to compliment by saying all your goals re nice

To cause Tuan Kendu to compliment by saying so beautiful goals. I love

Rooney

(28)

To cause Yosef Berhanu to compliment by saying spectacular photo

Great result on Saturday, well done lads!
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Ssengooba Hakim to compliment by saying good work

Robert Wanjala to thank by saying Thnxt rooney

To cause Eze Praise Tochukwu to assert by saying I love man u

To cause Moges Zerihun to encourage by saying Try to come back to real

Man utd

150

To cause Hamza Ashiru Yahaya to compliment by saying you are the owner
of m united

To cause Ujunwa Francisca to compliment by saying That was great

To cause Kgosi B Mathibela to suggest by saying Rooney we know you

would like to go but think of it on the long term. New players coming through
and assisting the reformation for Moyes

To cause Amin Zakhirekar to request by saying please stay at united

To cause Nabaasa Simpson to request by saying ROONEY u shd stay at

O.T

(29)

To cause Muham to compliment by saying Mad Gut

Great result last night and through to the knockout stages! A brilliant
team performance with plenty of goals. Two stand out players for me were
Antonio Valencia who was unstoppable on the right wing, and Ryan
Giggs, his composure on the ball is second to none. Giggsy is 40
tomorrow, at one point last night the Leverkusen centre-half came up to
me and asked how he is still playing at that age, that speaks volumes on
how good he is!
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Ayomide Famofo to encourage by saying Keep it up, i luv u

To cause Badara Saja Ceesay to assert by saying kagawa should start every
game week in week out

To cause George Henry to compliment by saying Big up@GGMAN

151

To cause Micheal Choco Udeze to compliment by saying U best u ever be

rooney

To cause Khoirul Umam to compliment by saying Manchester united is the

best ...?

To cause Muez Berhe Difino to assert by saying i love rooney

To cause

To cause Chinedu Agbo to wonder by saying Hi ROONEY what is wroug

to assert by saying I love rooney & nani

with man u. Please you people should help us and something about the team
-

To cause to compliment by saying wazza by every game real

and the true performance only you the red devil a good player i love you

To cause Cristian Perdomo Cuellar to compliment by saying u all are

legendary which i love ur club very much...manchester united hip..hurray..

(30)

Fitting way to win the title. Great performance from the lads!
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Goody Nengi to compliment by saying Manchester united thier are

the winners, all the time they have a great record in of intire England keep
doing that,thanks

To cause Tata to compliment by saying Victor Fantatstic

To cause Manindar Nagale to assert by saying my dream club

To cause Barry Abet to assert by saying great moment 4 us

To cause Mubiru Joseph to assert by saying I love man u

To cause Krisskwahu Baybay to assert by saying love man u

152

To cause EihsannaFilah Reza to assert by saying MU I love u

To cause Abu Thahir Chithari to compliment by saying M u top football

club in the world

To cause Parth Sharma to assert by saying man-united will win the cup

To cause Ajeng Cllalu Cayank Drimu to expect by saying I hope you all are
Islamic

(31)

Huge Manchester derby today! Click here to watch five of my greatest

moments against City http://bit.ly/YEeNkr
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Samson Nadew to compliment by saying Ow my goodness,is it

more and mostly beautiful,Ilove u waza and man utd

To cause Nazeem Simons to assert by saying Man of the thee momentoz

To cause Ebohon Benonus to assert by saying I wil neva 4get dis goal 4rm
my world best.. I love Rooney

To cause to compliment by saying fantastic

To cause Dale ORiordan to compliment by saying best goal ever

To cause Tunnaing to assert by saying Oo like..

To cause Isaka Oyikobi to assert by saying Dis is my best moment watching

u doing such a stuffs in the game

To cause Sondi Siburian to compliment by saying wow wonderfull , you my

man, merry christmas for you and family also to all personal MU

To cause Habtamu Cherenet to assert by saying i need ur hand bra

153

To cause Benkou Benkou to compliment by saying Your goals are all

wonderful

(32)

What a strike by Rafael! Now we need to concentrate on a big week

coming up!
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Mud Rik to assert by saying I like wayne rooney

To cause Alejandro Mora to compliment by saying Gigs is a leyend and

Roney is becoming a legend too

To cause Modibo Hadara to compliment by saying the 2 legendes

To cause Nwosu Gozman to greet by saying Hi all my fello man utd fan

To cause Emmanuel Nana Wattford Boateng to compliment by saying u are

my greatest player with Giggs u all the united dream come true

To cause Prince Lokko to compliment by saying the best of best Rooney n

gigs

To cause to compliment by saying legends

To cause Oskar Ledwig to assert by saying Rooney are my idol and I take
the example you

To cause Son Sitinh to assert by saying I love you manchetster united.Giss

To cause Aaron Laws to assert by saying Im your biggest fan

(33)

Solid performance by the lads. Pleased we got the away goal.. Danny had
a top game! Looking forward to the return leg at Old Trafford!

154

The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had
many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Seby Jose to thank by saying Thanks guys fr the job

To cause o Minh Tran to compliment by saying He is the best

To cause Sorathan Chanprasert to greet by saying Rooneyyyyyyyyyyyyy

To cause Oskar Ledwig to request by saying Rooney win match

To cause Henma Mark to encourage by saying manu u can make it i love

wayne rooney

To cause Huy Ng to compliment by saying very lovely

To cause t ang ci to compliment by saying lovely

To cause Frank Woode to encourage by saying go united go man u

To cause Clara Jordao to encourage by saying GO UNITED GO

To cause Thomas Noble to assert by saying u drew 1-1

(34)

Absolutely buzzing with the 3 points. The lads gave it everything! The
atmosphere when Robin scored was unbelievable! Amazing scenes!
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Ggmu Shwe Phyo to compliment by saying Rooney the best

captain

To cause Tumuhairwe Tomas to compliment by saying ur de best in BPL

To cause Shatir Salam to compliment by saying Rooney u are the best

among equals

155

To cause Rafimuqri Rozali to compliment by saying rooney the best in

footboll

To cause Nyeinnyein Alattma to assert by saying i like u but u must try

hard

To cause Thet Wai to compliment by saying Rooney very good

To cause Eyasu Magna to assert by saying I love rooney so much

To cause Farzad Abdullah to compliment by saying youre the best playar in

manchestar

To cause Ferdi Fadillah to compliment by saying best

To cause Souleymane Coulibaly to compliment by saying you is the big

(35)

Fitting that the boss receives the Manager of the Month award after being
at Manchester United 26 years, today. Incredible achievement.
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Olaw Daniel to assert by saying I LOVE HIM!

To cause Micky Warta to assert by saying I love u best manager

To cause Hruai Tluanga to compliment by saying You're the Best manager

of all time,sir.Wayne,you're my favourite

To cause Fikrey Mesfin to compliment by saying yuo are the best my best

To cause Sanjany Jammeh to compliment by saying sir makes u who u ar

today

To cause Vecherko Eugeny to compliment by saying they are really cool!!

To cause Ramon Rhule to assert by saying father and son

156

To cause Charlotte Hatcher to assert by saying i like this picture of wayne

To cause Felix Peralta Seidov to assert by saying the master and the
pupil.....

(36)

To cause Sky Blue to compliment by saying hi Rooney you god i love

Great performance yesterday! Now to meet up with the England squad
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Agus Hyde to encourage by saying Go go go rooney

To cause Joseph Sungwa to compliment by saying Man you were grat

yesterday against QPR, two lovely corners, we killed the dogs and go on
top!

To cause Choukri Lahssini to compliment by saying rooney rooney rooney

rooney rooney rooney rooney rooney rooney rooney rooney rooney rooney
rooney rooney rooney rooney rooney rooney rooney rooney number one
footballllllllllllllll

To cause Kakema Talange to compliment by saying U ar a fantastic player

in ze world of soccer! Big up man...!

To cause Muhammad Amin to compliment by saying legend manchester

united

To cause Winie Azoh to assert by saying though you are older than me,,,I
call you my son,,because my son who is 4months today is called Rooney,,,I
just keep praying he becomes like you

To cause Destiny Udoiwod to compliment by saying nice guy....

157

To cause Sha-hil Shahil Kha-tri to compliment by saying the perfect man utd
player

To cause Denise Makolle to compliment by saying amazing

To cause Sai Seng Hurng to compliment by saying My King Foodball

(37)

Great result yesterday. It wasnt the best performance but those types of
games are always difficult. What a finish by Rafael!
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Muhammad Rifananda Rohman Sidiq to encourage by saying

Ggmu

To cause Si Thu Lwin to compliment by saying man u is my second heart

To cause So Pye to assert by saying Funny

To cause Aung Si to compliment by saying super goal

To cause Yusuf Ibrahim to compliment by saying Good boy u may play mild
filder well

To cause Declan Shawn to assert by saying i like you van persie

To cause Xavier Rogers to assert by saying Manchester 4eve

To cause Tonaldo Monday to compliment by saying of a truth it was a grt

finish by Rafael

To cause Sandro Lo Piccolo Cardillo Tommaso to compliment by saying the

victory smiles!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

To cause Bash Man Olaitan to compliment by saying Manchester united on

top.up rooney. up vp

158

(38)

Thanks to everybody that voted. Looking forward to Sundays game

against Chelsea!
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Odinaka Odynaks Offoma to compliment by saying Wayne, youre

the best footballer of your generation. What you had achieved in your carreer
are massively incredible, Im looking forward to seeing you break Bobby
Charltons record in the next few games and becomes United all time record
holder. Congrats_Wazza

To cause John Lane to congratulate by saying From all the Manchester

United family congratulations to our captain Wayne man utd legend Rooney
on his award well deserved Wayne your a true red

To cause Craig Hussey to compliment by saying Well done Rooney, show

them what you can do on Sunday against Chelsea. A good win at the bridge is
way over due.

To cause Sinead Kelly to compliment by saying Well done Wayne keep up

the good work always believe in you just keep believing in yourself Well
deserved on player off the month good luck on Sunday hope yee beat
Chelsea

To cause Derek David Darko to congratulate by saying From all the

Manchester United family across the world, we congratulate our captain and
legend Wayne Rooney for winning the player of the month of January
award.

159

To cause David Mwalye Muyangana to compliment by saying wazza well

derseved award looking to see you become man utd all time goal machine
keep up and shut off all the critics,lets go for Chelsea

To cause Olabayo Emmanuel to expect by saying I wish United can continue

to

play like you guys did against

Stoke for the rest of the

season. #LoveCaptainWazza
-

To cause Ridda Ismail to congratulate by saying Congratulstions Wayne for

award of January. You deserve more than that you scored brilliant goals for
that months. I am looking forward to see incredible performance against
Chelsa with same spirit, confident and intelligent Stokes game.. I cant wait
to watch Sundays game.Go Go Man United. Good luck and I wish all the
best

To cause Barbara Mullins to congratulate by saying Congrats. .. well

deserved. Now lets beat Chelsea on Sunday. And, is it true Jose will be
manager come summer? Please, say it aint so!

To cause David Stottrup to compliment by saying Fully fully deserved! This

month Rooney has been a true leader on the pitch and really scored some
stunners. Heres to more of that!

(39)

Thanks to everyone at WWE for a great night, the kids loved it. Hope
youre ok Wade Barrett! Haha
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.

160

To cause Th-inh Nguyen to encourage by saying Come on Rooney vs king

Barrett

To cause YuJoon An to suggest by saying Rooney should do WWE now

To cause Muhammad Hakim to compliment by saying Rooney is future of

WWE

To cause Ryan Witt Wade to assert by saying Barrett vs Wayne Rooney at

Wrestlemania!

To cause to compliment by saying WWE new champion

Ronney

To cause Rahul Sawant to compliment by saying He is John Cena Of

football,Be aware Wade Barrett!!

To cause Cyer Machar Malok to assert by saying Rooney vs Barrett in

survivor series... (just a joke)

To cause KyawYe PhoneMyint to encourage by saying Yes he deserved it

He insults Rooney in front of his son Most of the wwe wrestlers are just
acting so they they dont know how to throw out but Rooney does ha ha go go
Wayne Rooney

To cause Alex Russo to assert by saying Team Rooney vs Team Barret

Survivor Series confirmed

To cause Afadama Brown to compliment by saying What a nice target! Cnt

wait 4 Wade barrett vs Wayne Rooney @survivor series

(40)

3 points! Thanks for the support!

161

The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had
many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Johnson Philipo to assert by saying love. United

To cause Zeain Nabibuksh M to compliment by saying Manchester United

best team in plenet universe

To cause Believe Logan to assert by saying United forever....

To cause Watias Kimota to assert by saying Forever united go

To cause Tracey Mansfield to thank by saying thank you x x

To cause to assert by saying Red devils

To cause Eden Hyman Godson to assert by saying Utd 4 life

To cause Aminu Yusuf to compliment by saying utd 4 life, well done boys
we are truely pround of you after the FA round

To cause Naseer Tukur Yahaya to request by saying Rooney we true

Manchester united fans please i my self send my message 2 our team coach
mr luis vaan gal.our game should be 4-4-2.deffends. 2valencia,3luke shaw,
4delay bling, 5 rojo and 6 smalling. midle di maria,mata,fellaini and
herera.forward rooney and v.persie the keper is de gea

(41)

To cause Eni Mudrikah to assert by saying Van persie for ever

Thanks for the birthday wishes. For a chance to win a pair of tickets to
theCrystal Palace Football Club game just like this post!
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.

162

To cause Kevin Anto to congratulate by saying Advanced Happy Birthday

Rooney!!!!

To cause Kidest Love to congratulate by saying Rooney Happy birthday

To cause Hachim Sleiman to assert by saying Jomaa Like hunter

To cause Danny Ray to congratulate by saying Happy bday

To cause Osvaldo Bonilla to compliment by saying Cool

To cause James Bunn to assert by saying I live so close to crystal palace

would be a dream to get two tickets first time to see them

To cause Min Ko Aung to assert by saying You and I have the same
Birthday

To cause Megan Lister to request by saying can i have some tickits

To cause Tim Bell to congratulate by saying Happy birthday wayne

To cause Siri Andresen to congratulate by saying Happy Birthday Wazza!

GGMU

(42)

Reached 20 Million fans! Thank you for the support. Ive decided to give
away a pair of my boots. All you have to do is LIKE this post for a
chance to win. Good Luck!
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Daniel Matchett Rory to compliment by saying well done my day

is now broken...

To cause Rory Brown Daniel to assert by saying this was May 23rd 2014...

163

To cause Perry Hoareau to compliment by saying Roony your my biggest

football fan

To cause Dng Khu to expect by saying Dont need to give away your
things, we just want you to sign a new contract with MU

To cause Rebecca Louise Hopkinson to request by saying Please could I

have em for my nephew hes 6 n loves u xxx

To cause Morgan to assert by saying John Love you

To cause Nicu Cernean to assert by saying 2 million person want this boots
its impossible to win it

To cause Youssef Salmoun to assert by saying ROONEEEYYY LOVE

YOU

To cause Warren Hutton to expect by saying Please wayne i want to play for
Manchester Utd like you

(43)

To cause Jaume Vitor Paglinawan to assert by saying Me Im soccer player

17 Million Fans on Facebook! Thanks for your support!
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Raffay Malik to greet by saying hello

To cause Leon Keenan to expect by saying want To Meet You

To cause Yasoob Naqvi to compliment by saying 17 million fans amazing

To cause Somxay Sittavong to greet by saying Hello roony

To cause Alagie Saidy to assert by saying o i like it

164

To cause Egbara Kierian to assert by saying Rooney is reedy for world cup
and next season

To cause Edmond Ramon Roman to compliment by saying youre the best

of all!

To cause

To cause Nailul Huda Muttaqin to assert by saying this is MY BIG

to assert by saying i loveyou

BROTHER
(44)

To cause Robert Lockley to request by saying Bring back fergie

Thanks to Clemen Botha for sending in todays fan photo all the way
from South Africa! Clemen is standing next to a picture of me from the
07/08 double winning season that ended amazingly with that famous night
in Moscow...
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Naylin Soe to feel glad by saying Rooney happy

To cause Stefan Jablanovic to assert by saying My South African brother!

To cause Abrahamic Uwem Edimoh to assert by saying I luv man U

To cause Anh y Em to compliment by saying Forever living MAN UNT

To cause Da Skiful Scripture to greet by saying Hi

To cause Oluwasina Ibrahim to compliment by saying Ronney u are d best

To cause Erfan Dwi P to compliment by saying Rooney is the bast

To cause Gregor Dow to compliment by saying Rooney your the best

165

To cause Twikirize Ivan to encourage by saying Rooney continue with your

spirit man u will win Barclays premier league Title

(45)

To cause Emeka Ferdinand to compliment by saying Dats gud

Just got home from training, checked my facebook and realised Ive
reached 14 million likes! Thanks to everyone of you, really appreciate
your support!
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Hillary Langat to assert by saying l like u man

To cause Cheikh Mbacke to compliment by saying Fall Nice

To cause Phm Thun to assert by saying I Love Rooney!

To cause Red Panda Nyan to compliment by saying rooney u da best

To cause Afolabi Opeyemi Pharouk to assert by saying rooney we loves u

To cause Abdul Akilu to compliment by saying Roony your good and keep
dowing good i wil be wit manu 4 rever and ever thank you

To cause Wondimnew Fiseha to compliment by saying Ok it is good !

To cause Irfan Dody to compliment by saying Great Captain Rooney

To cause Abdulmuiz Ibn Abdullrahman to wonder by saying Weyne

Rooney, I am among those 14 million likes, and a long-term Manchester
United Fan especially you. Why dont you just click like on me too. Thanks

To cause Amy Cannon to assert by saying YOU DESERVE IT

166

(46)

Heres some pictures from Monday nights game. It was an unbelievable

reaction from the fans, so thank you. I really appreciate your support. It
means a lot
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Abraham New to forbid by saying Dont run home man united!

To cause Muhammad Fadzri Akbar to compliment by saying wayne rooney

is the best

To cause Abdulkadir Adam to forbid by saying Please man whatever you

never ever ever scare us like that....cause you will remain a united faithfull
forever in our hearts...

To cause Thann Htike Soe Dlk to compliment by saying A good kick

To cause Farzad Fy to compliment by saying all of the time you are king of
Manchester

To cause Muhammad Akbar Asmadi to request by saying please,, play in

United until you retire #Legend

To cause Aung Soe Moe Kgti to criticize by sayingThe referee ignored a

couple of chances which Man U can get the penality

To cause Qu to forbid by saying Your personality is well suited in MU,

Dont leave, stay with ours heart

To cause Dicky Pangeran Salju to assert by saying i like wayne rooney in

Manchester united#GGMU the best team in the world

167

To cause Kakek Totok Jayadiningrat Herdianto to compliment by saying

man of the match #rooney
Reached 11 Million likes! Thanks for all your support!

(47)

The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had
many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Aaron Deen to compliment by saying wow my men u so gret

To cause Neo Sebjetseba to compliment by saying Behind you always

Rooney,You the best!

To cause Danh Bui to assert by saying I love M.U

To cause Ashenafi Philipos to compliment by saying your are our hero

To

cause

Michael

Adeyemi to

compliment

by

saying

What

goooooooal...Wayne Rooney....The best goal ever scored in a Man United

shirt by any player
-

To cause Dawit Demeke to request by saying Rooney plz don leave utd

To cause Muhsin Houkoun Hussein to compliment by saying Rooney best

dan all

To cause Aloysius Alhassan to compliment by saying You are just great

Wayne

To

cause

Akash Deep

Guleria to

compliment

by saying

OOOSSSSMMMMM....
(48)

To cause Myint Cho to assert by saying Rooney is MU Captain

10 MILLION!! Thanks for all your support, means a lot!

168

The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had
many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Muhseen Bala Leeman to compliment by saying Rooney great

one

To cause Myo Ko to assert by saying i like rooney

To cause Chaudhary Ajzal to compliment by saying Rooney the best

To cause Heider Andres Gonzalez Almario to thank back by saying your

welcome

To cause Charlotte Hatcher to compliment by saying thats cool

To cause Tamiru Abera to thank back by saying u ar welcome

To cause Nathan Sharpe to assert by saying its ok wazza

To cause Sani Abacha to assert by saying I love you rooneyyy

To cause Khian Sam to thank back by saying you're welcome!

To cause Rushad Shad to assert by saying like u

(49)

Just want to thank everyone for their messages of support. Gutted to be

out for a while but my leg will be ok which is the main thing
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Ousma Chris Gasasira to assert by saying I lov you soo mch Roo

To cause Bassem Ben Youssef to assert by saying i love you so match

To cause Nasar Ahmed Hussain to compliment by saying Rooney Forever

To cause Adeduntan Moses Ayodele to compliment by saying biggest boy

To cause Juan David Ortiz Chavarro to suggest by saying relax total

169

To cause Neo Adventino to compliment by saying Good

To cause James Whiteley to assert by saying U can still scores wich is the
main thing

To cause Ernest Mariita to expect by saying am hoping more from you

To cause Camilo Orozco to compliment by saying rooney're one of the best

in the world envied by many teams
To cause Caren De Matic Juma to compliment by saying You are smart!

(50)

Brilliant feeling to be back playing at Old Trafford last night. Thanks to

all the staff at Manchester United who have been helping me with my
recovery
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Joel Castle to welcome by saying Welcome back. We Need you

tomorrow night!!

To cause Oli Mawson to assert by saying There's only one Wayne

rooney

To cause Rick Jones to welcome by saying Welcome back Wayne, you

should enjoy playing in goal on Wednesday cos that's the position our
crazy manager has lined up for you

To cause Mick Hewitt to assert by saying Sorry Wayne but you are
coming back to a loosing side with no respect for the mangers. Hope he
goes at the end of this season.

170

To cause James Macdonald King to expect by saying I really wish to

come to old trafford and wawatch you play at old trafford., but im really
far and its gona cost me a huge dough hoped you're gona play tomorrow

To cause Deirdre Fahy to welcome by saying Welcome back Wayne, just

in time for the big game tomorrow... a hat trick like Ronaldo's tonight for
Real Madrid would be a great way to come back. Just win it please as
really want to go to my first FA cup final and see Man U lift the cup again,
been too long! All the best for tomorrow.

To cause Kejaw Bayo to welcome by saying Well welcome back the hero
but we having a sleepless night of the type of football last game I hardly
take my lunch so please change the couch we fell ashamed to work on the
streets as a United fans so please i bake do something as the captain
please

To cause Muawaz Asim to encourage by saying Come on man watch

some videos of the old days and play like it We're Man united we only
attack Other teams are to afraid to attack us Come on Manchester United

To cause Pat Campbell to welcome by saying Welcome back Wayne, let's

try to salvage something tomorrow night, before we sack Humpty

To cause Benjamin Rixcoss Korsah to welcome by saying welcome back

our hero Rooney but please advice your teammates to shoot the ball at goal
and stop those dribbles it doesnt help us

(51)

Great to be back training with the lads

171

The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had
many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Aleeyou Rabe to assert by saying Wayne Rooney! The day u retire
from football will be the i'll stop watching any games, not only football.
Wazza! dats My wtsapp no +2348063650397

To cause Marcmalaman Ngwai to welcome by saying While... Welcome

back captain Wayne , I really missed you in the pitch can't wait to see you in
action

To cause Makina Last-week Stevens to assert by saying I deadly miss

Ashley Young, his impact and versatility in the game is massive and also
Luke Shaw when in his best form. I'm glad we have Valencia back as well

To cause Getu Bruktina Man to welcome by saying wow now our team will
be full of confidence and they will be play like Manchester, welcome back
Wayne Rooney, we are glad to having you back our legend

To cause Peter G Yilme to welcome by saying Welcome back Capt Wayne.

Now go ahead and break Sir Bobby's goal scoring record and lead us into the
top 4

To cause Kresna Yasa to assert by saying Wazza is back! But let rashford
play for starting XI , rooney can play as a midfielder, Some new issues about
new coming players on transfer window were useless , told ya! some new
players from United's academy could show their best performance so far ,
give'em chance #SAFway

172

To cause Shafeeque Shefi to welcome by saying Great news for us wayne u

back to grund .Now i cinfident we can finish top for in this premier league
table .Welcome back Rooney we r waiting for u

To cause Jeroen Gerretsen to expect by saying Great Wayne, hope you will
have a massive impact on the last few games to come in the Premier league
and hopefully in the FA cup match against West Ham

To cause Harris Labuni Torrices to feel glad by saying Glad to hear you're
back on training. please don't get injured again! Manunited is boaring to
watch without you skipper!

To cause Jackie Stewart to feel glad by saying I love mtd with my life, I am
glad you are back with the lads Wayne Rooney because I miss you so much
play with the lads

(52)

I was lucky enough to be brought up in a warm, loving home. My family

always encouraged me to dream and I believe all children should be
happy, safe and free to dream
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Tracy McDonald to compliment by saying Loving this wayne you

are a true inspiration for the young ones today.keep believing and never lose
sight of your dreams.I for one will always believe in you.

To cause to compliment by saying IM so loving this wayne you are

my star and im reapect you i think you will be always best player in the
world

173

To cause Getnet Alex to compliment by saying Who is love you more like
me?? I think your blood touch my heart, you are always legend of our big
club

To cause Patrick Wolfert to feel sad by saying What you wrote Wayne made
me remember my mother, and that made me cry, not so much for my loss but
because of such a disappointment that I am. We are what we are I guess. I
thought I was out of tears

To cause Gies Bagaskara to encourage by saying Hello Wayne Rooney, Be

strong when you are weak, brave when you are scared, and humble when you
are victory. Lets become the winner!

To cause Pattoh Martial to compliment by saying Manchester United with

NO ROONEY is like food without salt...i miss you Rooney

To cause Terefe Anulo to expect by saying Whenever we expect you as a

great striker& hero!!!! you are the most essential player for man.united&
England,good luck!!!!!!!!!!!. Even Patrick Wolfert felt upset, What you
wrote Wayne made me remember my mother, and that made me cry, not so
much for my loss but because of such a disappointment that I am. We are
what we are I guess. I thought I was out of tears.

To cause Adodo Micheal to compliment by saying wayne rooney thumbs up

for the living legend!

To cause Terry to compliment by saying YOURE MY FAVORITE

PLAYER IN THE WORLD, WAYNE

174

To cause Francis Mcodwar to compliment by saying No wyne Rooney,no

manchester united

(53)

Massive 3 points for us today. Always great to win at anfield and

delighted to score the winner
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Harshit Narang to compliment by saying 1 shot which won us the

game and broke a record ! Wayne you beauty

To cause Frank Martial Baba Kerubo to request by saying If u think Rooney

is more better than Henry like the comment.....long lify Rooney

To cause Kirsty James to compliment by saying BRILLIANT Wayne

Rooney And now what I would really love us to do, is for us to go on an
unbeaten run for the rest of the season

To cause Deon Annandale to compliment by saying What more could be

said about our captain Wayne Rooney??? He does it yet again in a big game
that means so much to us the fans and at the scousers own back yard now that
makes this victory so much sweeter... Who needs Messi,Ronaldo or Neymar
when there is Wayne Rooney??? Manchester United all the way one thing
about our captain once he starts scoring back to back games he never stops...
Go Wayne!!!!

To cause Ann-Christin Muller Landaas to feel glad by saying Feels so

great! Just looooooove you Wayne Rooney our Captain! One teamone
love4 ever Manchester United ! ! !

175

To cause Austin Czubara to compliment by saying Wayne Rooney, youre

class. Great win today! This is the United squad Ive grown to love and
support. This is how you welcome Klopp to the Premier League!

To cause Nikesh Goli to compliment by saying One shot was all it took to
win at Anfield. ..and to break the record ...Wayne Rooney you beauty ....A
true Man United legend

To cause Louie Richards to feel proud by saying Proud of u Wayne Rooney.

And for all your haters, let God put them to shame and let them bow be4 u to
ask 4 forgiveness. Including all those plastic United fans who used to criticize
u and some of us believed in uo ability. Pliz, lets build on this great
performance 4 the next matches. Wish u the best

To cause Munalula Nyambe to compliment by saying Lovely and sweet

victory all at Anifield. Its a massive 3 points for Rooney and manutd. Its 1
game at a time. Stick to the fight

To cause Linda Warrington to congratulate by saying Congratulations

Wayne a record well deserved and the win against Liverpool makes it all the
sweeter. I have to say the overall team performance wasnt brilliant but a win
is what we needed and this was a big win, time to push on now and get back
into the top 4

(54)

Great to meet local pupils at Manchester United Foundation event today

and answer their questions #SchoolsUnited
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.

176

To cause Bethan Barlow to assert by saying My Aunty chilling in the back

ground, wazza! She's taken but my grandmas 76 and has always had a thing
for you

To cause William Crosbie to assert by saying My grandson has been going

to Carrington 3 or 4 times a season since he was six ( he's now 10 )to get Utd
players autographs as they drive home. In all that time Wayne Rooney is the
only player who drives straight past him ,refusing to stop for a young Utd fan.
He always pretends to be talking to someone on his mobile !!

To cause Endalk Mulat to compliment by saying Wayne mark rooney a

natural talent,natural confidence,natural hardworker,natural fighter,natural
behavoir, u make the EPL bright

To cause Tammy-Lee Crystal Bell to wonder by saying Hi Wayne Rooney,

my partner would like to meet you? Especially to watch you train! How much
will it cost to see you? As I want to book for his birthday?????? Please

To cause Zack Kerr to expect by saying I going to Manchester United on

Saturday I hope see you on Saturday

To cause Baron Brian Lukanga to assert by saying Rooney, dis Brian from
Uganda. I luv u en apreciate da love u av for manchester united. I dont miss
watching any match 4 man u. Kip it up

To cause Jean Jessen to assert by saying Hi Wayne Mark Rooney i love you
so much hope you see this and have a great day and your kids your kids are
luky!!!!

177

To cause Jelly Francis to expect by saying Hope to meet you someday

Rooney Cheers!!!!

To cause Wahid Ameeni to expect by saying Rooney wish to see you play
with Ronaldo ones again

To cause Joseph Nshanzi to criticize by sayingVan gaal gives players no

chance to prove themselves. He sold Di maria just after one season, now he
wants to sell Depay just after one season. Now why doesn't he want to go
having failed the club for two seasons? Winning FA cup will not change
anything, we are still anticipating Mou's arrival!!

(55)

Tough game tonight but happy were through to the next round!
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Glenn Stavem to assert by saying Every single game seems tough
now adays. Scoring seems tough. I nearly fell asleep halfway through the
second half today. And Ive watched every single match this season with
enthusiasm. One shot on goal each match has become a tradition now. I
mean... I love Manchester United, and will always do so. But this is getting
out of hand! One step forward and two steps back for awhile now. Something
has to happen, if we are going to be top 4. Because right now, Spurs are the
team deserving that 4. Place, not United

To cause Brian Cathcart to criticize by sayingit wasnt a tough game, yous

made it look tough, where the hell is our attack, its all pass across midfield,
and pass back

178

To cause Nucker Tierney to assert by saying Wayne until we get a new

manager we will be a middle of league table at best need new msnager A S A
P or supporterd will boycott old trafford if they have not left club already
need 4 players to get us back to being the united we knoe

To cause Brian Keith to compliment by saying It wasnt pretty but we got

the win, and another goal for you Wazza! Moving on up the list! Sir Bobby is
in sight...GREAT LEADERSHIP TODAY CAPTAIN! #MUFC

To cause Bartomiej Marzec to wonder by saying Wayne you are not bored
about this kind of game? Or its better to not say theTrue? Or you Just dont
care about it? Scholes had right...

To cause Thomas Bills Sraha to criticize by sayingThat wasnt actually a

tough game as you are saying Wazza, sometimes we would prefer you guys
being fair to us all by writing Poor Performance from us tonight but happy we
are through to next stage

To cause Stevoz Mkangi Wayne Rooney to encourage by saying we in

Kenya still support our club, this challenges are temporary and we will be
back on track.. Lead the team well

To cause Lee Redman to criticize by sayingLVG needs to loosen up, let the
team play the Utd way and attack. Some good players there but so boring to
watch mid pitch statistics.......first shot was 68 minutes..... Poor effort

To cause Overseer Joseph Phiri to request by saying Work hard next Game
we want a win Wayne Rooney please tell Mata and Martial to try to shoot
well on taget though i like Ashlly Young the way he plays

179

To cause Harvin Singh to criticize by sayingWayne rooney, watch how

barca play possession football but hurt teams. We play possession football but
our front 3 including you wayne dont make burst through runs on opp defs
like how messi neymar and suarez does. Nothing wrong with possession just
make those runs behind.#reddevilfan

(56)

It was a pleasure to turn on the lights of the Old Trafford Christmas tree
alongside Manchester United Foundation student Winta and Michael
Carrick!
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Hannah Thomas to compliment by saying Rooney you are a

legend. GGMU

To cause JJ Nyuni First-Born to assert by saying Rooney n Carrick u make

me feels confortable with united.Rooney me too miss your hatricks come on
along side Carrick machine of midfield i love and proud of UNITED 4EVER

To cause Conor Mcmanus to encourage by saying Come on Wayne Rooney

and show the other teams what you can do

To cause Jennifer Hall to compliment by saying A fabulous opportunity for s

great student from Manchester Enterprise Academy

To cause Yusufu Ali to compliment by saying Come on rooney you number

one in machester united player

To cause Fardeny to assert by saying rooney, simaling, de gea,. Legend

ferguson, I love Manchester united

180

To cause Dishan Samuel to encourage by saying Time to turn on the light on

your form, Wayne! Nevertheless, Ill support you through thick and thin!
Thanks for all the wonderful goals!

To cause Luther Davidson to assert by saying I still believe in you Mr. Roon
exactly in LVG .. And we still wait ur next goal .. We hope youll answer our
expectancy with your great game GBU

To cause Martial Azim Palmer to encourage by saying keep it up

ronney,martial,young,fellaini,mata,de gea, and carrick big up

To cause Cabdiraxmaan Cumar to assert by saying ok alove you Manchester

United and capital Rooney

(57)

Great day at Blackpool with Coleen Rooney and the kids

The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause FucPetch Surasit to assert by saying Done deal!! Rooney transfer

to Blackpool

To cause Alatu Vincent Alsha to request by saying Wayne Rooney

i #GREATLY need to share asmall but important thing with you,pliiiiiz send
me afriend request

To cause Angie Mulholland to compliment by saying Lovely kids rooney x

To cause Mulugeta Fetene to wonder by saying what is that rooney ?

To cause John Salton to feel glad by saying Glad you and your family had a
great time in Blackpool Wayne, Did you visit The Blackpool Tower ?

181

To cause Allan Aston to assert by saying Looks like you had a great day, big

thanks and respect for Sunday Wayne. Still a true blue

To cause Christopher Cook to assert by saying Was in pleasure beach today

and saw Rooney!

To cause Marky Clapham to compliment by saying Good u had fun in

blackpool now get bk to training u got a few cups to win at man united
-

To cause Ann Barry to compliment by saying good u enjoyed blackpool

To cause Tullidayo Hassan to assert by saying Rooney, our eyes on you!!

(58)

Good to kick the #Mutour off with a win. Next up is San Jose
Earthquakes on Wednesday!
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause to expect by saying We want the Champions League

4 Rooney please

To cause Okereke to expect by saying Godswill rooney is yet to win a top

scorer in epl. as a striker, what everyone expects from you is scoring goals.
honestly, its a longtime i saw rooney score upto 20-30goals a season and thats
not good for a striker. with the presence schnederlin, bastian, blind, carrick
and co, i dont expect to see our beloved rooney withdraw to the midfield for
any reason. great wazza, all united wants from you now is goals! pose a threat
in our opponents 18yard box. we need goals please.......

To cause Roland Szasz Wazza to assert by saying the game is on Tuesday.

Please dont go to the stadium on Wednesday...

182

To cause Prince Adegoroye Heritage to compliment by saying great wayne

please will need champions league

To cause Andrews Adarkwa Wayne to assert by saying please we will need

the champions league

To cause Oshane Hellbell Anderson to suggest by saying dont play with san
jose when you get a team to beat beat them the best you can

To cause Mike Cook to compliment by saying

great goalkeeping

performance if de gea goes throw this lad in at the deep end looks great to me
-

To cause Huan Le to wonder by saying Tuesday or Wednesday Wayne? I

bought tickets for Tuesday night

To cause Boskor Yang Bin Ling to assert by saying You can win 8-0 against
San Jose

To cause Wayne Wazza to assert by saying we can have depay

schneiderlin,darmian or whoever it is ..bt with out valencia on the right wing it
will always be hard to score..

(59)

Great to get the chance to meet some of our fans in Seattle today. Sleep
now then its match day! #Mutour
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Peter Thomas Behan to compliment by saying Your one of the

greatest players manchester united have ever had

To cause C.Ronaldo to congratulate by saying Happy Eid Mubarak to all

muslims!

183

To cause Joelz Der Burner to compliment by saying captain fantastic wayne

rooney wazza at Seattle today#GGMU

To cause Albert Ona to suggest by saying We suggest that if LVG could

start Rooney on bench for the first half and then let him on the second half for
the rest of 45 to destroy the Gunners is this ok with you LVG ? Thanks

To cause Gee Cherish Barrie to thank by saying Wayne Rooney thanks u for
being there all this wonderful years and i wish u more success to come my
pain killer stress take and joy bringer lol that u Wayne baby

To cause Phlexy Nana Syrus to wonder by saying Please what time is our
match today

To cause Klo Di to congratulate by saying Thanks Wayne Rooney you are

the best player in Manchester United

To cause Celine Tan to compliment by saying wayne rooney the best take
care

To cause Tot Marrakechi Lmahebool to compliment by saying you are best

player in manchester united for ever # Rooney

To cause Mikey Storm Abbley to assert by saying Youll be Sleepless in

Seattle, Wayne

(60)

Brilliant holiday with our boys #familytime

The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Husan Ortiqbaev to compliment by saying Hi little Rooney,

beautiful boys

184

To cause Mbuyu Junior Twite to request by saying enjoy with your family at
this briliant holiday captain rooney nice holday

To cause to request by saying lovely boys enjoy your holiday

To cause Vinny Yegon to compliment by saying That small one is purely

wayne rooney,anyway nice kids

To cause Kipkoech Theari Henrikes Langat to request by saying big boys

now enjoy your holiday

To cause Singtotong Singtotong Muaythaigym to compliment by saying

Cute boys...Wayne family !!!!!

To cause Raj Thapa to compliment by saying lovely boys captien roney

England

To cause Wayne Wazza to compliment by saying wow kai already has abs
great work wayne rooney u r the best

To cause Agbonyima Evans to assert by saying Mr Rooney this boys must

play for man-utd oooo

To cause Fadel Alidu to assert by saying Roooooooneeeeeeeeeeey!!!!!!!!!

With his boys

(61)

Excited

to

announce The

Honeypot

Childrens

Charity as

our

new England Footballers Foundation domestic charity partner. For more

information head over to www.englandfootballersfoundation.com
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had
many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.

185

To cause Marcos Ivan to compliment by saying Well done Wayne Rooney!!

My Hero, an fanstastic football player , come in, hot streak,thanks you

To cause yvind Samuelsen to thank by saying Thank you for caring!

To cause Jelly Francis to request by saying Crush Arsenal, Wayne

To cause Stuart Leslie to assert by saying Fantastic news! I know you

probably get loads of requests, but I am raising funds for 2 charities, my local
Basildon Hospital Cardiac Care Unit who have given me extra life thank god ,
and a The Indee Rose Charity for children with long term and terminal brain
and spine tumours. I dont suppose youve got a couple of signed
shirts/boots/photos to donate? Anything really. Even the chance to meet you
lol. Not that Im asking for much. Thanks for taking the time to read this
anyway. If you can help please message me

To cause David Ferguson to compliment by saying Well done Wayne

To cause Gemma Loughlin to compliment by saying Lovely, all kids deserve

a break. Just a shame those living witg adhd/add in Northern Ireland get forgot
about. Well done to the England Football Team

To cause Baydot Corleone to feel glad by saying United at heart

To cause Aleyna Qurbanli to compliment by saying Awesome!

To cause Zayn Adde to assert by saying Our captain

To cause Ramya Aqua to compliment by saying Its very good wayne

(62)

Had a great day today meeting our supporters at the Manchester United
Foundation Dream Day!

186

The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had
many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause David Sale to compliment by saying Great one

To cause Ermy Kebede to compliment by saying u are proffeshional

To cause Carrie Davy to criticize by sayingI agree that heping I good, but do
it without all the publicity, people do kind things every day because they want
to, not just to get notoriety x

To cause Nop Var to compliment by saying Good

To cause Getachew Chebsi to compliment by saying you r always hero

To cause Prince Andrew to feel glad by saying am grand to see you

contributing toward it

To cause Viva Core Roy to assert by saying We all love Rooney

To cause Pat Sheridan to compliment by saying Not only a good football

player but a good heatt

To cause Rubangakene Isaac to compliment by saying generous man

To cause Stefan Alex to compliment by saying Amazing rooney

(63)

Enjoyed going to Stretford High School with the Manchester

UnitedFoundation. Delighted to meet the kids and work on some projects
with them!
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Mahan Mirzaiyan to assert by saying I go there

187

To cause Christopher Kelly to request by saying please rooney add me as

your friend im your biggest fan i will see you tommorw when ye play ireland
im from Ireland

To cause Amenele Gregory Aleper to compliment by saying what a smart

future for them

To cause Fahad Malik to assert by saying love u

To cause Harry Chua Heng Li to request by saying rooney can you add me
as your friend

To cause Prince Addai to compliment by saying U aa my role model

To cause Usher Best to compliment by saying Woooh,thats cool

To cause Danielsmart Ben to compliment by saying Liverpool has no liver

To cause Touhidul Islam Roudro to compliment by saying Good

To cause Chrispne Hims Mweembela to assert by saying U have Enjoyd

Captain

(64)

Great to go back to school and speak to the kids today as part of

theManchester United Foundation #SchoolsUnited !
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Htet Yan to assert by saying I like Rooney

To cause Kaung Myat Kyaw to compliment by saying Wayane Rooney is

kind

To cause AbdullHakim Ahmedshiread Adaan to expect by saying hero may

guides u to straight path now u gonn stray path

188

To cause Sang Pham to request by saying Can you give me the photograph
with you not?

To cause Bendu Harry to assert by saying I love you

To cause Putra Siambek to assert by saying i like Islamic

To cause Khiw Jr Khiw Suvannajo to assert by saying I love man united

To cause Famara Fatty to assert by saying We all inspire to be like u

To cause Abdelrahman Elaidy Muslim to assert by saying women every

where ... #Muslim_and_proud

To cause Aubrey Mphaya to compliment by saying yes Rooney thats

handsome please go ahead

(65)

Great day filming yesterday at my friend Wings restaurant and learning

about Chinese New Year. Keep a look out next week for the video!
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Kirungi Joselyn to expect by saying I want 2be at old traford ist
possible

To cause Harmony Elechi to compliment by saying u are the last of your

kind

To cause Khaing Lay to compliment by saying M U Hero

To cause Omar Lange to compliment by saying rooney is the best

To cause Bosco Onek to assert by saying yes like 2 be there

To cause Kingsley Kings to compliment by saying Youre my best of the

best

189

To cause Opeyemi Elijah to greet by saying Helo Rooney

To cause Minh Hiu to wonder by saying Where

To cause Pkia Singgel to compliment by saying You free kick good

To cause Tobi Micheal to expect by saying hope u had fun wazza

(66)

Lucky to have some great people around me! #friendsday

The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Arshad Mahmood to compliment by saying Sir u rock

To cause Kasagga Collinz to compliment by saying This Is Our Good Striker

Me And Five Others We Love U So Them

To cause Abdiqani M Aqil Mata to compliment by saying Nice photo rooney

man u

To cause Kyere Diawuoh Alexis to assert by saying Luv wayne

To cause Val Jones to compliment by saying You are a Brilliant Footballer

me and my Family are big fans and my Grandson is a big fan of you

To cause JN Rooney JN to compliment by saying Soooo cute baby of my

best Mr Wayne Mark Rooney

To cause Mehul Tripathi to greet by saying wayne

To cause Karamo Nyassi to compliment by saying nice picture

To cause Ardy Harry Laut Tawar to compliment by saying nice rooney

To cause Desmond Ordugh to compliment by saying Nice picture Rooney

(67)

It was a pleasure to meet Milan Patel who is battling cancer for the third
time. This young mans story and positive attitude is more than inspiring.

190

Look out tomorrow to see what happened when Triple S Sports &
Entertainment Group and myself invited Milan and his family over to Old
Trafford to watch a game!
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had
many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Immanuel Djodjo to request by saying hy wayne rooney can u tel

me abt the that we wel playng on sanday man untd vs liverpool i think that we
wl take the place of

To cause Leslie Farai Itai Manhombo to wonder by saying where can i get
that blazer and tie please!

To cause JN Rooney JN to expect by saying I wanna to meet u like them

To cause Mohamed Qadar to expect by saying i wish him gud luck

To cause Vanmo Mungwimba to welcome by saying welcome 2 old

traffard

To cause Vincent Maima to expect by saying Wishing him all the best

To cause Koko-j Susu to greet by saying Hi

To cause Ibhiabor Luis Ehis to expect by saying Ble$$ you Roo,wazaa!

Captain wayne..!

To cause Tambahut Ku to expect by saying God bless u rooney....

To cause Dce Espinoza to compliment by saying Awesome mr. Rooney

(68)

Great to see that England will host the UEFA U17s European
Championship in 2018. Itll be a great experience for the lads to play in a

191

home based tournament and also a good opportunity to show the quality of
our facilities! http://the-fa.com/kqwmIN
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had
many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Abraha Gebreabezgi to feel proud by saying we proud on you for

evere waynnee Rooney

To cause Gwee Aziz to greet by saying Hi

To cause Hlwann Way to compliment by saying You are great football

player

To cause Eliyas Ahmed to compliment by saying very naic rooney

To cause Vicky Louise Taylor to assert by saying (I NO YOU Are not

Rooney)

To cause Minh Tran to compliment by saying Cool

To cause Elujulo Folorunsho to compliment by saying Great

To cause Masood Iqbal Khan to greet by saying Wazza

To cause Maung Noe to compliment by saying greatest striker

To cause Michael Edu to compliment by saying Interesting

(69)

It was an honour to win the England Football Team Player of the Year
award yesterday. Thanks to all the England fans for your support this year.
Congratulations to Toni Duggan who won the England Womens Football
Team award and also Saido Berahino on winning the U21s award, well
deserved!

192

The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had
many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Conrad Murrell to expect by saying wants again the best ever
scores rooney is better than ronaldo

To cause Nsurg Akinola Daniel Oluwasola to compliment by saying Cool

To cause Abdirashid Dahir to compliment by saying you are deserved for

this award the captain of the captains

To cause Sam Maskoni to criticize by sayingengland sucks

To cause Tion Gabriel Beyonder to compliment by saying going to be

remembered as 1 of the best players ever

To cause Valuable Moon to compliment by saying v.good

To cause Syed Mahaboobjan to compliment by saying roony the best

To cause Dai Vik to compliment by saying wayne rooney is the best

To cause Malcolm Olding to compliment by saying Well deserved!...

To cause Aysha Jeje to compliment by saying Very good rooney man

(70)

Very happy to announce that I have signed a new extended contract

withManchester United
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Khaled Dahshe to assert by saying Loveee you

To cause Krum Rony to compliment by saying the king rooney

To cause Gog Ghita to compliment by saying The best

To cause Bagas N to thank by saying Thanks King Rooney

193

To cause David Thangling to compliment by saying Rooney is my Hero

To cause Shwe Shwe to congratulate by saying congratulation Rooney

To cause Nay Thu Rain to thank by saying Thanks.Wayne

To cause Tin Shwe Oo to assert by saying I like u

To cause Nati Rooney to assert by saying I Love You So Much Rooney

To cause Akhmad M to assert by saying Wayne rooney i love you..

(71)

Great to get back to winning ways last night. Here are a few photos from
the game...
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Michman Jarmez to greet by saying Rooney

To cause Hussein Khassim to compliment by saying The best

To cause Tom Armstrong to compliment by saying Cool pic Rooney

To cause Bien Tinh to assert by saying Man.utd win

To cause Mody Emanuel Mangulenje to compliment by saying You a best

To cause Ryan Vella to greet by saying Holla

To cause Kubilay Ylmaz to compliment by saying the best

To cause Olivers Darkface Chiefferies to compliment by saying the best

To cause Admire Nyoni to greet by saying Hie roony

To cause Johnbosco Ojika indeed to compliment by saying Ronney is a great

legend

194

(72)

Some

behind-the-scenes

images

from

the

recent Samsung

Mobilecampaign I featured in. It was a great day and good to get in the
ring withTeam Smith Brothers. Boxing
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had
many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Charles Mikundi to wonder by saying you are also a Boxer?

To cause Lambert Idfonce to compliment by saying thats good

To cause Muhammad Hanafi to assert by saying Love Man U

To cause Majid Gharibi to request by saying Stay With Us

Lutaganira Gabriel to assert by saying love that

To cause Everson Chiputula to compliment by saying good

To cause to request by saying leave united

To cause Lee James to request by saying Sign for Arsenal work under
Wenger in a team which plays the best type of football so you can become the
player we know youre capable of. United need more than half a team and
your nearly 30!!!!

To cause Wesam Mlebari to request by saying GO TO HELL

To cause Rachel Chen to request by saying please stay at mu n we need you

(73)

Great to get back to winnings ways last night. Looking forward to Aston
Villa on Sunday now and hopefully picking up the 3 points.
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.

195

To cause amxal lizad Azrbaycan Respublikas to assert by saying i love

you MUN-UTD

To cause GeorgianKofi OwusuSarfo FrimpongManso to compliment by

saying No Rooney no Manchester United

To cause Shayan Taghavi to assert by saying I like rooney and utd

To cause Ruben Pi Tanic Darkor to assert by saying Rooney would u be

happy if my hero c r 7 comes back to man united

To cause Jaber Ocene to congratulate by saying Congratulations

To cause Lijdavid Dame to compliment by saying goodpley

To cause Rajabu Tupa to greet by saying Wazza

To cause Eshaaq S. Bafalie to encourage by saying I do believe dat this is d

turning point this time around.pls keep up d hard work!

To cause Van Persie Mash to assert by saying Bravo Rooney, I really like
Manchester United you are my one of my lubimite footballer and I want to
see you live and play football together. I am a girl 12 years old and Im from
Bulgaria.

To cause Vincent Otieno to compliment by saying uar de No-1 ilike de way

u play HERO

(74)

Delighted with yesterdays performance, we knew wed have to win at all

costs and this should give us a massive lift. We defended really well,
created the better chances and thankfully got the three points. It was a
great effort from everyone!

196

The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had
many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Harrison Fitchett to compliment by saying Yes we will yes we will

we are the best we are the good established we are the best

To cause AR Ramzy to assert by saying I am will remember them

To cause Idris Sunusi Saad to compliment by saying NICE ONE

To cause n l to compliment by saying Good

To cause Bady Fyatuka Fathee to compliment by saying rooney youre de

best

To cause Martinsforte Forte to feel glad by saying worth being very good to
see you play we will see in Brazil is welcome

To cause Valon Gashi to compliment by saying Roney is legend, Roney is

Man Utd

To cause Juan Chuan Loo to assert by saying kagawa need to play more

To cause Wan Bravin S to assert by saying i started loving united since i

was 4. I also love the fact that we discipline arsenal frequently.big up to all
united fans

(75)

To cause Hlan Htet to assert by saying Manchester is 2013 chanpion

It was a pleasure to spend time with Uzair from the Rays of Sunshine
Childrens Charity on behalf of the England Footballers Foundation. Its
great to see the smiles on kids faces when you meet them. I get a lot of
joy out of it! http://gms.to/17fJihi

197

The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had
many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Aaron Smith to compliment by saying Nice photography, do you

showcase on YouPic

To cause Bruce Kutira to request by saying plz come to chelechele

To cause Tristan Owies to compliment by saying true sportsman

Debojyoti Bhattacharjee to request by saying Plz Come to Chelsea..........

To cause Maxat Baishanov to compliment by saying Wayne the best!

To cause Moses Williams to assert by saying Love it

To cause vAjang Awacnhom to compliment by saying Peter Good job leave

yr legacy on the world

To cause Nelson Nimley to greet by saying wwwwaaaaazzzzaaaa

roooooooooooonnnnney

To cause Tvshering Sam to compliment by saying My fav... Player.....

To cause OBryan Ewuzie to compliment by saying Oh Wayne... Youre

quite an epitome of humility

(76)

Great Experience! http://bit.ly/15vAjJ3

The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Marchel Tumbelaka to assert by saying I like Rooney

To cause Aman Gebeyehu to compliment by saying best club

To cause Saleesu Hussaine to forbid by saying Rooney plz dnt lv man u cuz
u ar d hrt of united dnt lv plz

198

To cause Indra Nak Manggala Putra to assert by saying Like This!!!

To cause Yesaya to compliment by saying AMAZING

To cause Nofal Eka Tabroni to assert by saying I just wanna say okay for
rooney

To cause Abdullahi Suleiman Nass to compliment by saying great 4 u& u

are the finisher that England need, up rooooney

To cause Aadil Malek to assert by saying Rooney is My StaR

To cause Tonny Kisangau to assert by saying I like it

To cause Nguyn Huy to assert by saying I love you MU

(77)

Big 3 points on Saturday and great to get on the scoresheet. Off to meet
up with the England lads
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Aaronzo Obeba James to encourage by saying Im waiting your

improvement.MAN U* true, you are always my cheer

To cause Ebase Lary to compliment by saying A legend dat wat u ar. Bravo
Rooney

To cause Moses Echezona Nnolum to request by saying Come to arsenal

please

To cause Alessandro Piacentini to compliment by saying for ever great

To cause Mesfin Tadese to assert by saying I love you more! Rooney

To cause

to compliment by saying Man u neverday

199

To cause Vitals Chima to expect by saying Man, im coming to play along

side with you soon! Hope to score that same magic like you

To cause Naymyo Htike to assert by saying i love all of manu football player
especially you and vanpersie

To cause Denis Vahid Torlakovic to assert by saying I love you Wayne

Ronney

(78)

To cause Mulugeta Ergataw to compliment by saying rooney fantastic

It was an honour to Captain England for the first time against Brazil in
2009. Hopefully we can put on a good performance and get the win at
Wembley tomorrow night
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Michelle Drawbaugh Bosserman to compliment by saying u da

boss

To cause Hendy Nda Tau to compliment by saying kaka the great

playmaker

To cause Ohenenana Asante Desmond to compliment by saying fantastic

rooooooo

To cause Trng en to compliment by saying The new legend of football

England >> Wayne Rooney

To cause Okwuchukwu Okoh to encourage by saying u can do it rooney

To cause Hadebayo Hayotomide Simson to compliment by saying cool

To cause UR Saramony to compliment by saying cool

200

To cause L Hi Ninh to assert by saying I like rooney

To cause Mansoor Ali Khan to compliment by saying great player

To cause Kuatno Abdul Rochiem to compliment by saying rooney good

(79)

Felt great to be back fit and playing again. That goal was for Rosie!
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Jh dms to condole by saying R.I.P

To cause Abhishek Pandey to compliment by saying My best player rooney

To cause Lifa Motherblessing Sekie to expect by saying I will like to Play

like you Wayne Rooney

To cause Ebusky Ugoeze to condole by saying Wow. May her soul rest in
peaceeee.@ROSIEE

To cause h to compliment by saying best stricker

To cause Trandong Dang to assert by saying like

To cause Hong Kin to encourage by saying Never give up!

To cause Xun Tng to request by saying win all race

To cause Oaker Min to assert by saying alwayw love you

To cause Prince Extended Broda to assert by saying rooney my name is

Stanley i am a footballer an i wil lyk to stay wit u dis is my number
07061976826 tank u bye

(80)

Very proud to be apart of and to celebrate 150 years of English football.

Let me know some of your favourite moments!

201

The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had
many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Islander Wans Kabiru to compliment by saying Hae Rooney u ar a

very gud player..but i dont lyk man u am an arsenal fan .i prefer uar former
team everton dan man u.. Nyc tym big up..congratx 2 all man u playerz

To cause MH NeikBeen to assert by saying Manchester city 2-3 manchester

united rooney with 2 goals and RVP with the free kick

To cause Harry Maw to assert by saying Winning world cup and when u
scored the bicycle kick against city

To cause Yacob Tesfay to wonder by saying do you think Robin Van Persie
is stealing the spot light from you?

To cause Kassam Adyer Man to assert by saying u was,is,will b in my blood

forever.I like seeing fg keeping rooney,v.persie n chicharito

To cause Kieran Houghton to assert by saying cant wait till that match come
on engaland

To cause Neymar Fansite to assert by saying England v Brazil is going to be

a great game! Its going to be Rooney V Neymar!!!

To cause Obiora Emmanuel Michael to compliment by saying Wayne youre

tirelless worior

To cause Bidali Jeffers to compliment by saying Barvo u did alot 4 ur

country, England

(81)

To cause Morgan de Jnr to compliment by saying U re one of d best

Had a nice day out in London on Saturday with my family

202

The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had
many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause ML Benz Manneh to compliment by saying nice pick

To cause Sambujang Ceesay to compliment by saying liefe is good

To cause Sanna S Dambelleh to assert by saying our wanderful player i

really love u n ur family am also a die hard of man utd fans in d gambia

To cause Musa Manjang to congratulate by saying Happy family may u and

ur family live long

To cause Aly Ba to compliment by saying Big man

To cause Sillah Kalilu to compliment by saying Wanderful Cople bro may

God always protect you and your family

To cause Laminb Jarju to congratulate by saying Happy family

To cause Lawm Bik to assert by saying This is my real brother before

To cause Ye Min Thu to assert by saying I like best player

To cause Wai Yan Htet Paing to compliment by saying nice wayne

(82)

To be named as England captain for tomorrow's World Cup qualifier

game is one of the proudest moments of my football career
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Bebo Zakri to compliment by saying Wayne Rooney is the best

To cause Ramana Meda to compliment by saying all the best

To cause Minni Saleh to assert by saying U deserve it wayne

203

To cause Alberto Corona's Panigale Miriello to compliment by saying

Rooney is the legend...!!!!

To cause Pearl Joy Wilson Pillado to compliment by saying yes!!! you are
the best rooney.

To cause Leo Lepers to compliment by saying YOU ARE THE BEST

To cause Sindre Larsen to assert by saying you suck i hate you

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

To cause Ismaaciil Axmed Ismaaciil to assert by saying i like this wayne

rooney

To cause Winie Azoh to expect by saying named my child after you,,baby

Rooney is 4months today,,,hope he is going to be just like you,,,,

(83)

To cause Marko Mabior to assert by saying I like this

Happy with the result and getting the first 90mins since my injury!
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Ng Cng Tun to assert by saying never equal to Messi and

Ronaldo

To cause Benjamin Karani to compliment by saying NICE.

To cause Hamza Robeiteh to compliment by saying cool brother

To cause Mohamad Shahruddin to expect by saying i want meet you in

malaysia . please

To cause Luis Maldonado San Jorge to compliment by saying incredible

To cause Yahya Al Mansour to assert by saying i hate rooney

204

To cause Omoware Oluwaranti to assert by saying i like him.he has a

different style

To cause

to assert by saying I

Like You Wayne

-

To cause Saud Sharif to compliment by saying you are the best

To cause Hong Mnh Duy to compliment by saying rooney he is always the

brightest

(84)

So happy to be back playing last night and to get the win. Cant wait for
my next game already. What do you all think of my new boots?
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Lizandra Jeronimo Rojas to assert by saying i love you

To cause Mirzet ari to compliment by saying Fantastic Player,GGMU

To cause Ber Gelan to compliment by saying wow best

To cause Nigel Nyron Richardson to compliment by saying the best

To cause Mebrat Kiros to compliment by saying Nice

To cause Dagnew Belay to compliment by saying FOOT BALL HERO

To cause Oladapo Abdulazeez-Olorunl'moeniyanre Abefe to encourage by

saying Keep it up

To cause Kuria Wa Muthoni to assert by saying I like it Rooney...keep up

To cause Hady Mohamed to assert by saying I. LIKE IT

To cause Jack O'Mahony to compliment by saying Class boots rooney

205

(85)

Excited that the Champions League is back. I'll never forget my debut for
Man Utd in the Champions League, heres a picture from my third goal!
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Peter Phillips Chyee to thank by saying Thanx 4 your good

footwork i always admire ua game

To cause Vincent Mongare to compliment by saying He is ma herooo!!

To cause Ange Herve Kouame to compliment by saying wayne is my

favourite player in premier league

To cause Jamez S Ajik to compliment by saying U r the head not da tale,n U

would always b da gr8 Wayne Wazza Rooney!

To cause Erl'ameen Yarima to compliment by saying Daz gud job rooney i

lyk dat i luv man united

To cause Kehinde David Jimoh to congratulate by saying Congrats wazza, u

are gradually gaining ur fitness

To cause Wafula Edwine to compliment by saying You are my favourite

player keep it up Wayne

To cause Gabriel Ogedengbe to compliment by saying Ruler of all

rooney,show us more skills man.

To cause Christopher Edem to request by saying Mr Rooney pls help me

beat Newcastle on Saturday we united fans are praying for u

To cause Wondimagegn Ali to compliment by saying rooney there is nobody

like u.u are the beast football pleayer in th world

206

(86)

Receiving the Man of the Match award in our final pre season game.
Really pleased with the win and also getting on the score sheet. Now for
the start of the Premier League.......
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Hady Mohamed to compliment by saying SOOOOOOOOO NICE

To cause Ojiaku Chibuike to assert by saying My master ilove when ur play

game

To cause Tng Ng to assert by saying I love rooney...:)))

To cause Nazmi Boyzz to compliment by saying Your the best..!

To cause Jahvan Joaquin Rodgers to compliment by saying the boss the big
man in England

To cause Agunbiade Oluwaseun to assert by saying I realy like this picture

To cause Twakiire Edmand to request by saying visit uganda one time and
also c ours here lol

To cause Richard Koomson to assert by saying I like you man

To cause Ch Vo Nh to assert by saying i love Wayne Rooney and

MU

To cause Fada Michael to compliment by saying Wth ut u man united can

not do anything. I REALY LIKE DEY WEY U PLAY

(87)

Had a great day at the farm with Kai

The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.

207

To cause Myo Min Naing to compliment by saying Good

To cause Ah Phyu Yaung to congratulate by saying Happy New Year to

you

To cause Hein Htet Ko to compliment by saying Your son is gentleman

To cause Wai Lin to criticize by sayingloser

To cause Sh Vm to compliment by saying Your son is very cute

To cause Louis Chiu to assert by saying his kid will play at Old Trafford like
his father

To cause Tewachew Tigyihun King Wazza to request by saying rooney

please every day live in man unt

To cause Giggs Nony to compliment by saying Rooney is the best player...

To cause Abraham Stanley to compliment by saying Young rooney

To cause Mankamang Jawla to compliment by saying Nice picture

(88)

Having a nice break in LA with Coleen

The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had

many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Mohamud Aboluqadir to expect by saying Rooney i want you to

score a goal against Liverpool

To cause Naw Char Li to thank by saying thank you

To cause Xasan Raage to compliment by saying Nice pic family

To cause Pauk Gyi to compliment by saying My hero

To cause Juble Oliver to compliment by saying very smart couple love you
brother Rooney

208

To cause Jestin Kaung Lay to compliment by saying Verrygood

To cause M tth to assert by saying I Love ROONEY

To cause Vanpersie Mu to compliment by saying Good

To cause Min Wai Phyo to assert by saying I like Rooney

To cause Kyaw Kyaw to compliment by saying very good

(89)

Excited

that

my

new

website

is

now

live

www.officialwaynerooney.com
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had
many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause May Patee to assert by saying I love it!!!

To cause James Jemil Bondz to wonder by saying is he an actor or foot ball

player

To cause Osita Christian Okoye to compliment by saying U are nice guy

To cause Young G Richy to assert by saying this is you time Wayne rooney

To cause Kelechi Joel to expect by saying May the lord heal u in Jesus name
amen

To cause Kebiru Temesgen to wonder by saying Do you know Ethiopia?

To cause Odey Godwin to suggest by saying Keep doing you good work. I
wish u quick recovering

To cause Sam Heath Ericson to assert by saying yess now is your time

To cause Bi Dng to assert by saying i love the photo of him

To cause Ojojo Johnson to compliment by saying U a good player keep on

helpin man u to glory...

209

(90)

Really happy to be involved in an exciting project. I am designing a

unique, custom made Lauge Jensen motorcycle to be auctioned with all
the

proceeds

going

to

KidsAid.

For

further

details

please

visit:http://www.kidsaid.dk/pages/nyheder.asp
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had
many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Paul Kinyua to wonder by saying We love u rooney! wen will u

come to our country kenya?

To cause Laimzo Bravo to wonder by saying wen shall u sign on my shirt

Wayne?????

To cause Amadi Henry to compliment by saying Great

To cause Ibrahim Majigiri to compliment by saying WAZZA ....the great!!!

To cause Tomas Katilius to criticize by sayingloser

To cause Ben Yule Mpole to compliment by saying Great man deserve great
honour.

To cause Brodie Stott to wonder by saying Will u ever go to man shity

To cause Fikir Zelalem to expect by saying i wish all ze best

To cause Ibrakatabra Konate to compliment by saying Cool

To cause U Kyaw Gyi to assert by saying i like rooney

(91)

Not the happiest man in the world today after yesterdays result, obviously
delighted with the goals and the fact that they have put me into fourth in
the Manchester United all time scoring list behind Jack Rowley, Denis

210

Law and Sir Bobby Charlton but would have honestly preferred the 3
points. Important we respond now with a positive reaction
The expressive speech act performed by Rooney on the data above had
many effects on the hearers. Some of them were analyzed in the following.
-

To cause Teddy Brando to expect by saying I hope you can score a goal
while later and brings derby Manchester United won the English premier
league ..Good luck always and make a new record for you. I always support
you ... Glory Manchester United and Wayne Rooney. God bless you always

To cause Tunde Taiwo to compliment by saying Good of wayne Rooney

keep on scoring

To cause Sundar Iyer to expect by saying all the best for the big derby
ahead.go get them rooney!!

To cause Ir Jendral Aldy Uyye to assert by saying i like it

To cause Zarul Ridzwan to compliment by saying great........

To cause Morgan Elago to expect by saying wishng u da best in man city

game...be positive

To cause Jonhet Atja to compliment by saying manchester united is the best

club forever,and i hope manchester united can to win in competition
VERSUS

manchester

city

and

can

lift

cup

barclys

premier

league........................,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,GOOD LUCK......!!!!
-

To cause Haris Saeed to criticize by sayingpoor defense in the end

To cause Asrul Ghozali Nufas to compliment by saying Glory Gloy Manc

United

211

To cause Rafik Jalal Rashid to compliment by saying nice

The summary of the effects of expressive speech acts performed by Wayne

Rooney on the hearers could be seen in appendix 6.

4.2

Discussion
After the results were found, then the writer tried to discuss what the

findings were. Of the twelve types of expressive speech act classified by Searle
(apologizing, thanking, condoling, congratulating, complaining, lamenting,
protesting, deploring, boasting, complimenting, greeting, and welcoming), the
writer found four types of expressive speech act on Wayne Rooneys Facebook.
They were expressive speech acts of congratulating, complimenting, thanking,
and boasting. Most of the utterances were dominated by expressive speech acts of
boasting as many as 42 utterances (46%), followed by expressive speech acts of
congratulating as many as 22 utterances (24%), complimenting as many as 15
utterances (17%), and thanking as many as 12 utterances (13%). Here was the
detail.

212

Types of Expressive speech Acts

24%

46%

Congratulating
Complimenting
Thanking

17%

Boasting

13%
Figure 4.2.1 Types of Expressive Speech Acts

Furthermore, of the 91 utterances gained from Wayne Rooneys Facebook,

the strategies used by Wayne Rooney to perform expressive speech acts on his
facebook were discussed as follows.
Expressive speech acts of congratulating were performed either with direct
speech acts as many as 7 utterances (32%), or with the addition of preparatory acts
as many as 3 utterances (14%) and supportive acts as many as 12 utterances
(54%). The detail was figured out in the figure 4.2.2 below.

213

Expressive Speech Acts of Congratulating

14

12 (54%)

12
10
8

7 (32%)

6
3 (14%)

4
2
0

Direct expressive speech act The head act preceded by

preparatory act

The head act followed by

supportive act

Figure 4.2.2 Expressive Speech Acts of Congratulating

Expressive speech acts of complimenting were performed either with

direct speech acts as many as 5 utterances (33%), or with the addition of
preparatory acts as many as 1 utterance (7%) and supportive acts as many as 9
utterances (60%). The detail was figured out in the figure 4.2.3 below.

Expressive Speech Acts of

Complimenting
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

9 (60%)

5 (33%)

1 (7%)

Direct expressive speech act The head act preceded by

preparatory act

Figure 4.2.3 Expressive Speech Acts of Complimenting

The head act followed by

supportive act

214

Expressive speech acts of thanking were performed either with direct

speech acts as many as 1 utterance (8%), or with the addition of preparatory acts
as many as 2 utterances (17%), supportive acts as many as 5 utterances (42%), as
well as the combination of preparatory acts and supportive acts as many as 4
utterances (33%). The detail was figured out in the figure 4.2.4 below.

Expressive Speech Acts of Thanking

6

5 (42%)

4 (33%)

4
3
2
1

2 (17%)
1 (8%)

0
Direct expressive
speech act

The head act

preceded by
preparatory act

The head act

followed by
supportive act

The head act

preceded by
preparatory act and
followed by
supportive act

Figure 4.2.4 Expressive Speech Acts of Thanking

Expressive speech acts of boasting were performed either with direct
speech acts as many as 19 utterances (45%), or with the addition of preparatory
acts as many as 2 utterances (5%), supportive acts as many as 20 utterances
(48%), as well as the combination of preparatory acts and supportive acts as many
as 1 utterance (2%). The detail was figured out in the figure 4.2.5 below.

215

Expressive Speech Acts of Boasting

25
20
15
10
5
0

20 (48%)

19 (45%)

2 (5%)
Direct expressive
speech act

The head act

preceded by
preparatory act

1 (2%)
The head act
followed by
supportive act

The head act

preceded by
preparatory act and
followed by
supportive act

Figure 4.2.5 Expressive Speech Acts of Boasting

Each expressive speech act performed by Wayne Rooney had some effects
on the hearers. For expressive speech acts of congratulating, the effects on the
hearers were congratulating, complimenting, asserting, encouraging, suggesting,
expecting, forbidding, wondering, requesting, feeling glad, thanking, and greeting.
Of the whole expressive speech acts of congratulating, the most dominant effects
were congratulating as many as 96 utterances, followed by complimenting 62
utterances, asserting 31 utterances, expecting 12 utterances, greeting 5 utterances,
encouraging 4 utterances, requesting 4 utterances, forbidding 2 utterances,
suggesting 1 utterance, wondering 1 utterance, feeling glad 1 utterance, and
thanking 1 utterance. It meant that expressive speech acts of congratulating
performed by Rooney tended to cause the hearers to respond the same as the
speaker, namely congratulating. See the figure 4.2.6 below for more detail.

216

The Effects of Expressive Speech Acts of

Congratulating
120
100
80

96
62

60

40
20

31
4

12

Figure 4.2.6 The Effects of Expressive Speech Acts of Congratulating

For expressive speech acts of complimenting, the effects on the hearers
were expecting, congratulating, asserting, complimenting, criticizing, thanking,
encouraging, suggesting, wondering, requesting, and greeting. Of the whole
expressive speech acts of complimenting, the most dominant effects were
complimenting as many as 78 utterances, followed by asserting 42 utterances,
encouraging 11 utterances, expecting 4 utterances, thanking 3 utterances,
wondering 3 utterances, requesting 3 utterances, suggesting 2 utterances, greeting
2 utterances, congratulating 1 utterance, and criticizing 1 utterance. It meant that
expressive speech acts of complimenting performed by Rooney tended to cause
the hearers to respond the same as the speaker, namely complimenting. See the
figure 4.2.7 below for more detail.

217

The Effects of Expressive Speech Acts of

Complimenting
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

78

42

11

Figure 4.2.7 The Effects of Expressive Speech Acts of Complimenting

For expressive speech acts of thanking, the effects on the hearers were
expecting, congratulating, complimenting, suggesting, encouraging, asserting,
thanking, thanking back, greeting, feeling glad, wondering, criticizing, forbidding,
and requesting. Of the whole expressive speech acts of thanking, the most
dominant effects were complimenting as many as 45 utterances, followed by
asserting 37 utterances, congratulating 9 utterances, requesting 6 utterances,
expecting 5 utterances, encouraging 3 utterances, thanking back 3 utterances,
greeting 3 utterances, forbidding 3 utterances, suggesting 2 utterances, thanking 1
utterance, feeling glad 1 utterance, wondering 1 utterance, and criticizing 1
utterance. It meant that expressive speech acts of thanking performed by Rooney
tended to cause the hearers to compliment. See the figure 4.2.8 below for more
detail.

218

The Effects of Expressive Speech Acts of

Thanking
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0

45
37

9
2

Figure 4.2.8 The Effects of Expressive Speech Acts of Thanking

For expressive speech acts of boasting, the effects on the hearers were
expecting, encouraging, asserting, welcoming, feeling glad, feeling sad, feeling
proud, complimenting, requesting, criticizing, wondering, suggesting, thanking,
greeting, congratulating, forbidding, and condoling. Of the whole expressive
speech acts of boasting, the most dominant effects were complimenting as many
as 180 utterances, followed by asserting 103 utterances, expecting 26 utterances,
requesting 24 utterances, wondering 14 utterances, encouraging 12 utterances,
welcoming 11 utterances, criticizing 10 utterances, greeting 10 utterances,
congratulating 8 utterances, feeling glad 7 utterances, thanking 6 utterances,
suggesting 3 utterances, feeling proud 2 utterances, condoling 2 utterances, feeling
sad 1 utterance, and forbidding 1 utterance. It meant that expressive speech acts of
boasting performed by Rooney tended to cause the hearers to compliment. See the
figure 4.2.9 below for more detail.

219

The Effects of Expressive Speech Acts of

Boasting
180

200
150

103

100
50

26

12

11

24

10

14

Figure 4.2.9 The Effects of Expressive Speech Acts of Boasting

10

220

CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
This chapter is segmented into two parts. The first is conclusions which
explaine about the summary of the study. The second is suggestions for all of the
upcoming researchers and the readers.
5.1

Conclusions
This study contained four of twelve types of expressive speech act

proposed by Searle. They were expressive speech acts of congratulating,

complimenting, thanking, and boasting. Of the four types of expressive speech
acts found on Wayne Rooneys Facebook, expressive speech act of boasting was
the most dominant one, as much as 46%. Furthermore, each type was performed
by Wayne Rooney either with direct expressive speech acts, or with the addition
of preparatory acts, supportive acts, as well as the combination of both of them to
modify the head acts as the main messages.
It turned out what Wayne Rooney performed on his Facebook had a lot of
effects on the hearers which were realized in the form of comments. Those
comments came up variously in every status posted by Wayne Rooney. They
included

asserting,

complimenting,

condoling,

congratulating,

criticizing,

encouraging, expecting, feeling glad, feeling proud, feeling sad, forbidding,

greeting, requesting, suggesting, thanking, and even welcoming, as well as
wondering. Expressive speech acts of congratulating tended to cause the hearers
to respond the same as what the speaker intended, namely congratulating.
Meanwhile, expressive speech acts of complimenting, thanking, and boasting

220

221

were most likely to cause the hearers to produce a large number of compliments
as the responses.
5.2

Suggestions
After the writer did his research about the performance of expressive

speech acts on Wayne Rooneys Facebook, then at the end of this study he would
like to give some suggestions to the upcoming researchers and the readers. There
were twelve types of expressive speech act as proposed by Searle, but this study
only covered four of them. It is expected that the upcoming researchers can study
what has not been included in this study. The upcoming researchers are suggested
to investigate the expressive speech acts from different perspectives for the sake
of resolving the complexity. The upcoming researchers can take the data of
spoken languages for their studies because this study has already taken the written
ones. It is important for the upcoming researchers to keep finding the most recent
references to improve the quality of the scientific research about speech acts.
Finally, it is expected for the readers that they can be critical readers who evaluate
what is lacking in this study.

222

BIBLIOGRAPHY
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Moon. Thesis (Unpublished). Semarang: State University of Semarang.
Austin, J.L. 1962. How to do Things with Words. Melbourne: Oxford University
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Bach,

K. 2003. Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy Entry. In

http://online,sfsu,edu/~kbach/spchacts.html. [Accessed on October 2010].

Bayat, Nihat. 2013. A study on the Use of Speech Acts. Science Direct. 213 221.
Brown, Keith and Miller, Jim. 2013. The Cambridge Dictionary of Linguistics.
New York: Cambridge University Press.
Coulthard, M. 1977. An Introduction to Discourse Analysis. London: Longman
Group Ltd.
Cresswell, John, W. 2003. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed
Methods Approaches (Second Edition). California: Sage Publications, Inc.
Fetzer,

Anita.
2013.
The
Pragmatics
of
Political
Discourse.
Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.

Grundy, P. 1995. Doing Pragmatics. New York: Edward Arnold.

Hiani, K, E. 2015. Performing Speech Acts among Moroccan EFL Advanced
Learners. Science Direct. 479 485.
Http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary. [Accessed on January 2016].
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Https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_act. [Accessed on December 2015].
Https://Zephoria.Com/Top-15-Valuable-Facebook-Statistics/.
March 2016].

[Accessed

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Ilyas, Sanaa and Khushi, Qamar. 2012. Facebook Status Updates: A Speech Act
Analysis. SAVAP International. Vol.3, No.2.
Leech, G. 1983. The Principles of Pragmatics. New York: Longman Group Ltd.
Mey, J.L. 1993. Pragmatics: An introduction. Oxford: Blackwell.

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Owens, Jr. Robert E. 2000. Language Development: An Introduction. Fifth

Edition. New York: State University of New York Genesco.
Petrus, Klaus. 2010. Meaning and Analysis: New Essays on Grice. New York:
Palgrave Mcmillan.
Qiang, Kang. 2013. On Perlocutionary Act. CSCanada. 60 64.
Sari, N. 1988. An Introduction to Linguistics. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan
Kebudayaan.
Searle, J.R. 1969. Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Searle, J.R., and Vanderveken, D. 1985. Foundations of Illocutionary Logic.
Great Britain: Cambridge University Press.
Stubbs, M. 1983. Discourse Analysis: The Sociolinguististic Analysis of Natural
Language. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Thomas, R, Murray. 2003. Blending Qualitative & Quantitative Research Method
in Theses and Dissertations. The United States of America: Corwin Press,
Inc.
Trillo, R.J. 2012. Pragmatics and Prosody in English Language Teaching.
Netherlands: Springer.
Verschueren, J and Ostman, J.O. 2009. Key Notions for Pragmatics. Amsterdam:
John Banjamin Publishing Company.

224

APPENDICES

224

225

APPENDIX 1
EXPRESSIVE SPEECH ACTS OF CONGRATULATING

NO

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Happy Birthday Daley Blind!

Congratulations to Leo Messi on winning his 5th #BallondOr .
Unbelievable achievement
Happy birthday Juan Mata #mufc
Congratulations to our U21 squad who won the league last night,
brilliant lads! Looking forward to our game at Old
Trafford tonight against Crystal Palace Football Club
Happy 30th Birthday to my wife Coleen Rooney. Hope you
enjoy your day
Happy Easter everyone!
Throwback Thursday - Celebrating with my mates. Happy St
Patrick's Day
Happy Mothers Day to the best mum in the world for our three
boys. Thanks for everything you do for us Coleen Rooney we love
you loads!
Happy Lunar New Year to everybody celebrating
Happy New Year! Wishing everyone a happy 2016!
Congratulations to Cristiano Ronaldo on becoming Real Madrid
C.F. all time leading goalscorer. Brilliant achievement!
Its all about this little man today. Happy Birthday to my

SINCERITY

The proposition is
to express pleasure

225

12

UTTERANCES

FELICITY CONDITIONS
PROPOSITIONAL
PREPARATORY
CONTENT
The proposition need not
involve an act or anything the
The proposition is
hearer is responsible for. It
good for the hearer
may be simply some item or
good fortune

226

13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

youngest son Klay, 2 today!

Congratulations to my friend David De Gea on being nominated
for the PFA Player of the Year. Hes Been unbelievable in goal
for us this season!
Happy Birthday to my wife Coleen Rooney. Hope you have a
lovely day!X
Happy Birthday to my teammate and friend Marcos Rojo!
Congratulations to Rory McIlroy on his first professional Hole in
One!
Happy 26th Birthday Jonny Evans! Have a good day mate
Happy Easter everyone! Kais enjoying his day, are you?
Happy 3rd Birthday to my son Kai!
Happy Halloween! Kai's ready for trick or treating!... What do
you think?
Had a great afternoon with Coleen and Kai at my god daughter
Sophia's 5th birthday party. Happy birthday Sophia love uncle
Wayne
Congratulations to my younger brother John whos signed for
Orlando City in the US. Really proud of him. Good luck mate!

226

227

APPENDIX 2
EXPRESSIVE SPEECH ACTS OF COMPLIMENTING
FELICITY CONDITIONS
PROPOSITIONAL
PREPARATORY
CONTENT
NO

1
2
3
4
5
6

8
9
10

UTTERANCES

Good result last night and and a great first goal for Andreas
Pereira. On to the next round.....
Good win today and a great performance from Ander Herrera.
Next up is Manchester City at Old Trafford next weekend!
Good performance today from the lads and another 3 points!
Great 3-0 win last night against Peru. It was a brilliant
atmosphere in front of the home fans. Thanks for the support!
Great performance yesterday, our focus now turns to Manchester
City on Tuesday
Great result on Saturday, well done lads!
Great result last night and through to the knockout stages! A
brilliant team performance with plenty of goals. Two stand out
players for me were Antonio Valencia who was unstoppable on
the right wing, and Ryan Giggs, his composure on the ball is
second to none. Giggsy is 40 tomorrow, at one point last night the
Leverkusen centre-half came up to me and asked how he is still
playing at that age, that speaks volumes on how good he is!
Fitting way to win the title. Great performance from the lads!
Huge Manchester derby today! Click here to watch five of my
greatest moments against City http://bit.ly/YEeNkr
What a strike by Rafael! Now we need to concentrate on a big

SINCERITY

The proposition represents a

state of affairs that has
something to do with the
hearer

The proposition is
good

The proposition is
to express
approval of the
hearer for
something

227

228

11

12

13
14
15

week coming up!

Solid performance by the lads. Pleased we got the away goal..
Danny had a top game! Looking forward to the return leg at Old
Trafford!
Absolutely buzzing with the 3 points. The lads gave it
everything! The atmosphere when Robin scored was
unbelievable! Amazing scenes!
Fitting that the boss receives the Manager of the Month award
after being at Manchester United 26 years, today. Incredible
achievement
Great performance yesterday! Now to meet up with the England
squad
Great result yesterday. It wasnt the best performance but those
types of games are always difficult. What a finish by Rafael!

228

229

APPENDIX 3
EXPRESSIVE SPEECH ACTS OF THANKING

NO

1
2
3
4

5
6
7

UTTERANCES

SINCERITY
The proposition is
to express
gratitude

229

Thanks to everybody that voted. Looking forward to Sundays

game against Chelsea!
Thanks to everyone at WWE for a great night, the kids loved it.
Hope youre ok Wade Barrett! Haha
3 points! Thanks for the support!
Thanks for the birthday wishes. For a chance to win a pair of
tickets to theCrystal Palace Football Club game just like this
post!
Reached 20 Million fans! Thank you for the support. Ive
decided to give away a pair of my boots. All you have to do is
LIKE this post for a chance to win. Good Luck!
17 Million Fans on Facebook! Thanks for your support!
Thanks to Clemen Botha for sending in todays fan photo all the
way from South Africa! Clemen is standing next to a picture of
me from the 07/08 double winning season that ended amazingly
with that famous night in Moscow...
Just got home from training, checked my Facebook and realised
Ive reached 14 million likes! Thanks to everyone of you, really
appreciate your support!
Heres some pictures from Monday nights game. It was an
unbelievable reaction from the fans, so thank you. I really
appreciate your support. It means a lot

FELICITY CONDITIONS
PROPOSITIONAL
PREPARATORY
CONTENT
The proposition need not
The proposition is
necessarily represent an action
good for the speaker
provided that the hearer is
and the hearer is
responsible
responsible for it

230

10
11
12

Reached 11 Million likes! Thanks for all your support!

10 MILLION!! Thanks for all your support, means a lot!
Just want to thank everyone for their messages of support. Gutted
to be out for a while but my leg will be ok which is the main
thing

230

231

APPENDIX 4
EXPRESSIVE SPEECH ACTS OF BOASTING

NO

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

UTTERANCES

Brilliant feeling to be back playing at Old Trafford last night.

Thanks to all the staff at Manchester United who have been
helping me with my recovery
Great to be back training with the lads
I was lucky enough to be brought up in a warm, loving home. My
family always encouraged me to dream and I believe all children
should be happy, safe and free to dream
Massive 3 points for us today. Always great to win at anfield and
delighted to score the winner
Great to meet local pupils at Manchester United
Foundation event today and answer their
questions #SchoolsUnited
Tough game tonight but happy were through to the next round!
It was a pleasure to turn on the lights of the Old Trafford
Christmas tree alongside Manchester United Foundation student
Winta and Michael Carrick!
Great day at Blackpool with Coleen Rooney and the kids
Good to kick the #Mutour off with a win. Next up is San Jose
Earthquakes on Wednesday!
Great to get the chance to meet some of our fans in Seattle today.
Sleep now then its match day! #Mutour
Brilliant holiday with our boys #familytime

FELICITY CONDITIONS
PROPOSITIONAL
PREPARATORY
CONTENT
The proposition represents a
state of affairs that has
The proposition is
something to do with the
good for the speaker
speaker

SINCERITY
The proposition is
to express pride

231

232

12

13
14
15
16
17

18

19

20

21
22

Excited to announce The Honeypot Childrens Charity as our

new England Footballers Foundation domestic charity partner. For
more information head over
to www.englandfootballersfoundation.com
Had a great day today meeting our supporters at the Manchester
United Foundation Dream Day!
Enjoyed going to Stretford High School with the Manchester
UnitedFoundation. Delighted to meet the kids and work on some
projects with them!
Great to go back to school and speak to the kids today as part of
theManchester United Foundation #SchoolsUnited !
Great day filming yesterday at my friend Wings restaurant and
learning about Chinese New Year. Keep a look out next week for
the video!
Lucky to have some great people around me! #friendsday
It was a pleasure to meet Milan Patel who is battling cancer for
the third time. This young mans story and positive attitude is
more than inspiring. Look out tomorrow to see what happened
when Triple S Sports & Entertainment Group and myself invited
Milan and his family over to Old Trafford to watch a game!
Great to see that England will host the UEFA U17s European
Championship in 2018. Itll be a great experience for the lads to
play in a home based tournament and also a good opportunity to
show the quality of our facilities! http://the-fa.com/kqwmIN
It was an honour to win the England Football Team Player of the
Year award yesterday. Thanks to all the England fans for your
support this year. Congratulations to Toni Duggan who won the
England Womens Football Team award and also Saido Berahino
on winning the U21s award, well deserved!
Very happy to announce that I have signed a new extended
contract withManchester United
Great to get back to winning ways last night. Here are a few
photos from the game...

232

233

23

24

25

26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35

Some behind-the-scenes images from the recent Samsung

Mobilecampaign I featured in. It was a great day and good to get
in the ring withTeam Smith Brothers. Boxing
Great to get back to winnings ways last night. Looking forward
to Aston Villa on Sunday now and hopefully picking up the 3
points
Delighted with yesterdays performance, we knew wed have to
win at all costs and this should give us a massive lift. We defended
really well, created the better chances and thankfully got the three
points. It was a great effort from everyone!
It was a pleasure to spend time with Uzair from the Rays of
Sunshine Childrens Charity on behalf of the England Footballers
Foundation. Its great to see the smiles on kids faces when you
meet them. I get a lot of joy out of it! http://gms.to/17fJihi
Great Experience! http://bit.ly/15vAjJ3
Big 3 points on Saturday and great to get on the scoresheet. Off
to meet up with the England lads
It was an honour to Captain England for the first time against
Brazil in 2009. Hopefully we can put on a good performance and
get the win at Wembley tomorrow night
Felt great to be back fit and playing again. That goal was for
Rosie!
Very proud to be apart of and to celebrate 150 years of English
football. Let me know some of your favourite moments!
Had a nice day out in London on Saturday with my family
To be named as England captain for tomorrow's World Cup
qualifier game is one of the proudest moments of my football
career
Happy with the result and getting the first 90mins since my
injury!
So happy to be back playing last night and to get the win. Cant
wait for my next game already. What do you all think of my new
boots?

233

234

36

37
38
39
40

41

42

Excited that the Champions League is back. I'll never forget my

debut for Man Utd in the Champions League, heres a picture
from my third goal!
Receiving the Man of the Match award in our final pre season
game. Really pleased with the win and also getting on the score
sheet. Now for the start of the Premier League.......
Had a great day at the farm with Kai
Having a nice break in LA with Coleen
Excited that my new website is now live
www.officialwaynerooney.com
Really happy to be involved in an exciting project. I am
designing a unique, custom made Lauge Jensen motorcycle to be
auctioned with all the proceeds going to KidsAid. For further
details please visit:http://www.kidsaid.dk/pages/nyheder.asp
Not the happiest man in the world today after yesterdays result,
obviously delighted with the goals and the fact that they have put
me into fourth in the Manchester United all time scoring list
behind Jack Rowley, Denis Law and Sir Bobby Charlton but
would have honestly preferred the 3 points. Important we respond
now with a positive reaction

234

235

APPENDIX 5
SUMMARY OF THE STRATEGIES USED BY WAYNE ROONEY TO PERFORM EXPRESSIVE SPEECH ACTS ON HIS FACEBOOK

Happy Birthday Daley Blind!

Congratulations to Leo Messi on winning his 5th #BallondOr . Unbelievable achievement
Happy birthday Juan Mata #mufc

TYPES OF
EXPRESSIVE
SPEECH ACTS

Congratulating
Congratulating
Congratulating

THE SUPPORTIVE ACTS

(FOLLOWING THE HEAD)

1
2
3

UTTERANCES

THE HEAD ACTS

(MAIN MESSAGES)

NO

THE PREPARATORY ACTS

(PRECEDING THE HEAD)

STRATEGIES
OF EXPRESSIVE
SPEECH ACTS

235

236

4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26

Congratulating

Congratulating
Congratulating
Congratulating

Congratulating

Congratulating
Congratulating

Congratulating

Congratulating

Congratulating

Congratulating
Congratulating
Congratulating
Congratulating
Congratulating
Congratulating
Congratulating

Congratulating

Congratulating

Complimenting

Complimenting

Complimenting

Complimenting

236

Congratulations to our U21 squad who won the league last night, brilliant lads! Looking
forward to our game at Old Trafford tonight against Crystal Palace Football Club
Happy 30th Birthday to my wife Coleen Rooney. Hope you enjoy your day
Happy Easter everyone!
Throwback Thursday - Celebrating with my mates. Happy St Patrick's Day
Happy Mothers Day to the best mum in the world for our three boys. Thanks for everything
you do for us Coleen Rooney we love you loads!
Happy Lunar New Year to everybody celebrating
Happy New Year! Wishing everyone a happy 2016!
Congratulations to Cristiano Ronaldo on becoming Real Madrid C.F. all time leading
goalscorer. Brilliant achievement!
Its all about this little man today. Happy Birthday to my youngest son Klay, 2 today!
Congratulations to my friend David De Gea on being nominated for the PFA Player of the
Year. Hes Been unbelievable in goal for us this season!
Happy Birthday to my wife Coleen Rooney. Hope you have a lovely day!X
Happy Birthday to my teammate and friend Marcos Rojo!
Congratulations to Rory McIlroy on his first professional Hole in One!
Happy 26th Birthday Jonny Evans! Have a good day mate
Happy Easter everyone! Kais enjoying his day, are you?
Happy 3rd Birthday to my son Kai!
Happy Halloween! Kai's ready for trick or treating!... What do you think?
Had a great afternoon with Coleen and Kai at my god daughter Sophia's 5th birthday party.
Happy birthday Sophia love uncle Wayne
Congratulations to my younger brother John whos signed for Orlando City in the US. Really
proud of him. Good luck mate!
Good result last night and and a great first goal for Andreas Pereira. On to the next round.....
Good win today and a great performance from Ander Herrera. Next up is Manchester City at
Old Trafford next weekend!
Good performance today from the lads and another 3 points!
Great 3-0 win last night against Peru. It was a brilliant atmosphere in front of the home fans.
Thanks for the support!

237

27
28

29

30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44

Complimenting
Complimenting

Complimenting

Complimenting

Complimenting

Complimenting

Complimenting

Complimenting

Complimenting

Complimenting

Complimenting

Thanking

Thanking

Thanking

Thanking
Thanking

Thanking

Thanking

237

Great performance yesterday, our focus now turns to Manchester City on Tuesday
Great result on Saturday, well done lads!
Great result last night and through to the knockout stages! A brilliant team performance with
plenty of goals. Two stand out players for me were Antonio Valencia who was unstoppable on
the right wing, and Ryan Giggs, his composure on the ball is second to none. Giggsy is 40
tomorrow, at one point last night the Leverkusen centre-half came up to me and asked how he is
still playing at that age, that speaks volumes on how good he is!
Fitting way to win the title. Great performance from the lads!
Huge Manchester derby today! Click here to watch five of my greatest moments against City
http://bit.ly/YEeNkr
What a strike by Rafael! Now we need to concentrate on a big week coming up!
Solid performance by the lads. Pleased we got the away goal.. Danny had a top game! Looking
forward to the return leg at Old Trafford!
Absolutely buzzing with the 3 points. The lads gave it everything! The atmosphere when
Robin scored was unbelievable! Amazing scenes!
Fitting that the boss receives the Manager of the Month award after being at Manchester
United 26 years, today. Incredible achievement
Great performance yesterday! Now to meet up with the England squad
Great result yesterday. It wasnt the best performance but those types of games are always
difficult. What a finish by Rafael!
Thanks to everybody that voted. Looking forward to Sundays game against Chelsea!
Thanks to everyone at WWE for a great night, the kids loved it. Hope youre ok Wade Barrett!
Haha
3 points! Thanks for the support!
Thanks for the birthday wishes. For a chance to win a pair of tickets to theCrystal Palace
Football Club game just like this post!
Reached 20 Million fans! Thank you for the support. Ive decided to give away a pair of my
boots. All you have to do is LIKE this post for a chance to win. Good Luck!
17 Million Fans on Facebook! Thanks for your support!
Thanks to Clemen Botha for sending in todays fan photo all the way from South Africa!
Clemen is standing next to a picture of me from the 07/08 double winning season that ended
amazingly with that famous night in Moscow...

238

45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63

Thanking

Thanking

Thanking
Thanking

Thanking

Boasting

Boasting

Boasting

Boasting

Boasting

Boasting

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Boasting
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238

Just got home from training, checked my Facebook and realised Ive reached 14 million likes!
Thanks to everyone of you, really appreciate your support!
Heres some pictures from Monday nights game. It was an unbelievable reaction from the
fans, so thank you. I really appreciate your support. It means a lot
Reached 11 Million likes! Thanks for all your support!
10 MILLION!! Thanks for all your support, means a lot!
Just want to thank everyone for their messages of support. Gutted to be out for a while but my
leg will be ok which is the main thing
Brilliant feeling to be back playing at Old Trafford last night. Thanks to all the staff
at Manchester United who have been helping me with my recovery
Great to be back training with the lads
I was lucky enough to be brought up in a warm, loving home. My family always encouraged
me to dream and I believe all children should be happy, safe and free to dream
Massive 3 points for us today. Always great to win at anfield and delighted to score the
winner
Great to meet local pupils at Manchester United Foundation event today and answer their
questions #SchoolsUnited
Tough game tonight but happy were through to the next round!
It was a pleasure to turn on the lights of the Old Trafford Christmas tree alongside Manchester
United Foundation student Winta and Michael Carrick!
Great day at Blackpool with Coleen Rooney and the kids
Good to kick the #Mutour off with a win. Next up is San Jose Earthquakes on Wednesday!
Great to get the chance to meet some of our fans in Seattle today. Sleep now then its match
day! #Mutour
Brilliant holiday with our boys #familytime
Excited to announce The Honeypot Childrens Charity as our new England Footballers
Foundation domestic charity partner. For more information head over
to www.englandfootballersfoundation.com
Had a great day today meeting our supporters at the Manchester United Foundation Dream
Day!
Enjoyed going to Stretford High School with the Manchester UnitedFoundation. Delighted to
meet the kids and work on some projects with them!

239

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Great to go back to school and speak to the kids today as part of theManchester United
Foundation #SchoolsUnited!
Great day filming yesterday at my friend Wings restaurant and learning about Chinese New
Year. Keep a look out next week for the video!
Lucky to have some great people around me! #friendsday
It was a pleasure to meet Milan Patel who is battling cancer for the third time. This young
mans story and positive attitude is more than inspiring. Look out tomorrow to see what
happened when Triple S Sports & Entertainment Group and myself invited Milan and his family
over to Old Trafford to watch a game!
Great to see that England will host the UEFA U17s European Championship in 2018. Itll be
a great experience for the lads to play in a home based tournament and also a good opportunity
to show the quality of our facilities! http://the-fa.com/kqwmIN
It was an honour to win the England Football Team Player of the Year award yesterday.
Thanks to all the England fans for your support this year. Congratulations to Toni Duggan who
won the England Womens Football Team award and also Saido Berahino on winning the
U21s award, well deserved!
Very happy to announce that I have signed a new extended contract withManchester United
Great to get back to winning ways last night. Here are a few photos from the game...
Some behind-the-scenes images from the recent Samsung Mobilecampaign I featured in. It
was a great day and good to get in the ring withTeam Smith Brothers. Boxing
Great to get back to winnings ways last night. Looking forward to Aston Villa on Sunday now
and hopefully picking up the 3 points
Delighted with yesterdays performance, we knew wed have to win at all costs and this should
give us a massive lift. We defended really well, created the better chances and thankfully got the
three points. It was a great effort from everyone!
It was a pleasure to spend time with Uzair from the Rays of Sunshine Childrens Charity on
behalf of the England Footballers Foundation. Its great to see the smiles on kids faces when
you meet them. I get a lot of joy out of it! http://gms.to/17fJihi
Great Experience! http://bit.ly/15vAjJ3
Big 3 points on Saturday and great to get on the scoresheet. Off to meet up with the England
lads
It was an honour to Captain England for the first time against Brazil in 2009. Hopefully we can

Boasting

Boasting

Boasting

Boasting

Boasting

Boasting

Boasting
Boasting

Boasting

Boasting

Boasting

Boasting

Boasting

Boasting

Boasting

239

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90

91

put on a good performance and get the win at Wembley tomorrow night
Felt great to be back fit and playing again. That goal was for Rosie!
Very proud to be apart of and to celebrate 150 years of English football. Let me know some of
your favourite moments!
Had a nice day out in London on Saturday with my family
To be named as England captain for tomorrow's World Cup qualifier game is one of the
proudest moments of my football career
Happy with the result and getting the first 90mins since my injury!
So happy to be back playing last night and to get the win. Cant wait for my next game
already. What do you all think of my new boots?
Excited that the Champions League is back. I'll never forget my debut for Man Utd in the
Champions League, heres a picture from my third goal!
Receiving the Man of the Match award in our final pre season game. Really pleased with the
win and also getting on the score sheet. Now for the start of the Premier League.......
Had a great day at the farm with Kai
Having a nice break in LA with Coleen
Excited that my new website is now live www.officialwaynerooney.com
Really happy to be involved in an exciting project. I am designing a unique, custom made
Lauge Jensen motorcycle to be auctioned with all the proceeds going to KidsAid. For further
details please visit:http://www.kidsaid.dk/pages/nyheder.asp
Not the happiest man in the world today after yesterdays result, obviously delighted with the
goals and the fact that they have put me into fourth in the Manchester United all time scoring
list behind Jack Rowley, Denis Law and Sir Bobby Charlton but would have honestly preferred
the 3 points. Important we respond now with a positive reaction

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Boasting
Boasting

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240

241

APPENDIX 6
SUMMARY OF THE EFFECTS OF EXPRESSIVE SPEECH ACTS PERFORMED BY WAYNE ROONEY ON THE HEARERS
UTTERANCES

EFFECTS ON THE HEARERS

Congratulating (10X)
Complimenting (2X), asserting (2X), encouraging (3X), congratulating (3X)
Congratulating (10X)
Suggesting (1X), expecting (2X), congratulating (2X), complimenting (5X)
Congratulating (10X)
Congratulating (10X)
Congratulating (1X), forbidding (1X), encouraging (1X), complimenting (3X), asserting (4X),
Wondering (1X), asserting (3X), complimenting (6X)
Expecting (1X), congratulating (9X)
Congratulating (10X)
Expecting (1X), requesting (1X), asserting (3X), complimenting (5X)
Congratulating (10X)
Asserting (3X), complimenting (7X)
Feeling glad (1X), complimenting (3X), congratulating (6X)
Requesting (1X), asserting (2X), complimenting (3X), congratulating (4X)
Thanking (1X), greeting (2X), asserting (3X), complimenting (4X)
Requesting (1X), forbidding (1X), asserting (1X), complimenting (1X), greeting (2X), congratulating (4X),
Complimenting (10X)
Asserting (1X), complimenting (3X), congratulating (6X)
Complimenting (3X), asserting (7X)
Asserting (1X), congratulating (1X), greeting (1X), expecting (1X), complimenting (6X),
Complimenting (1X), asserting (1X), requesting (1X), expecting (7X)
Expecting (1X), congratulating (1X), asserting (4X), complimenting (4X)
Criticizing (1X), thanking (1X), asserting (2X), complimenting (2X), expecting (2X), encouraging (2X)
Suggesting (1X), asserting (1X), complimenting (8X)
Encouraging (2X), wondering (2X), complimenting (3X), asserting (3X)

241

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26

EXPRESSIVE
SPEECH ACTS
Congratulating
Congratulating
Congratulating
Congratulating
Congratulating
Congratulating
Congratulating
Congratulating
Congratulating
Congratulating
Congratulating
Congratulating
Congratulating
Congratulating
Congratulating
Congratulating
Congratulating
Congratulating
Congratulating
Congratulating
Congratulating
Congratulating
Complimenting
Complimenting
Complimenting
Complimenting

242

27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59

Complimenting
Complimenting
Complimenting
Complimenting
Complimenting
Complimenting
Complimenting
Complimenting
Complimenting
Complimenting
Complimenting
Thanking
Thanking
Thanking
Thanking
Thanking
Thanking
Thanking
Thanking
Thanking
Thanking
Thanking
Thanking
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting

Asserting (1X), complimenting (9X)

Suggesting (1X), encouraging (1X), thanking (1X), asserting (1X), requesting (2X), complimenting (4X)
Encouraging (1X), wondering (1X), asserting (3X), complimenting (5X)
Expecting (1X), complimenting (3X), asserting (6X)
Asserting (5X), complimenting (5X)
Greeting (1X), asserting (4X), complimenting (5X)
Greeting (1X), asserting (1X), thanking (1X), requesting (1X), encouraging (3X), complimenting (3X)
Asserting (2X), complimenting (8X)
Complimenting (5X), asserting (5X)
Asserting (1X), encouraging (1X), complimenting (8X)
Encouraging (1X), asserting (3X), Complimenting (6X)
Expecting (1X), congratulating (4X), complimenting (5X)
Suggesting (1X), encouraging (2X), asserting (3X), complimenting (4X)
Thanking (1X), requesting (1X), complimenting (2X), asserting (6X)
Complimenting (1X), requesting (1X), asserting (3X), congratulating (5X)
Requesting (1X), complimenting (2X), expecting (2X), asserting (5X)
Expecting (1X), requesting (1X), greeting (2X), complimenting (2X), asserting (4X)
Greeting (1X), feeling glad (1X), encouraging (1X), asserting (2X), complimenting (5X)
Wondering (1X), asserting (4X), complimenting (5X)
Requesting (1X), criticizing (1X), asserting (1X), forbidding (3X), complimenting (4X)
Requesting (1X), asserting (2X), complimenting (7X)
Complimenting (3X), thanking back (3X), asserting (4X)
Expecting (1X), suggesting (1X), asserting (3X), complimenting (5X)
Expecting (1X), encouraging (1X), asserting (2X), welcoming (6X)
Expecting (1X), feeling glad (2X), asserting (3X), welcoming (4X)
Encouraging (1X), feeling sad (1X), encouraging (1X), complimenting (7X)
Requesting (1X), feeling glad (1X), feeling proud (1X), requesting (1X), complimenting (6X)
Complimenting (1X), criticizing (1X), wondering (1X), expecting (3X), asserting (4X)
Complimenting (1X), wondering (1X), encouraging (1X), requesting (1X), asserting (2X), criticizing (4X)
Complimenting (3X), encouraging (3X), asserting (4X),
Requesting (1X), wondering (1X), feeling glad (1X), complimenting (3X), asserting (4X)
Suggesting (1X), wondering (1X), expecting (2X), complimenting (2X), asserting (4X)
Suggesting (1X), thanking (1X), wondering (1X), asserting (1X), congratulating (2X), complimenting (4X)

242

243

60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91

Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting
Boasting

Asserting (2X), requesting (3X), complimenting (5X)

Requesting (1X), thanking (1X), feeling glad (1X), asserting (2X), complimenting (5X)
Asserting (1X), criticizing (1X), feeling glad (1X), complimenting (7X)
Requesting (2X), asserting (3X), complimenting (5X)
Requesting (1X), expecting (1X), complimenting (2X), asserting (6X)
Asserting (1X), greeting (1X), wondering (1X), expecting (2X), complimenting (5X)
Asserting (1X), greeting (1X), complimenting (8X)
Requesting (1X), wondering (1X), welcoming (1X), greeting (1X), complimenting (1X), expecting (5X)
Asserting (1X), feeling proud (1X), Greeting (2X), complimenting (6X)
Expecting (1X), criticizing (1X), complimenting (8X)
Congratulating (1X), thanking (2X), complimenting (3X), asserting (4X)
Asserting (1X), greeting (3X), complimenting (6X)
Wondering (1X), asserting (2X), complimenting (2X), requesting (5X)
Congratulating (1X), encouraging (1X), greeting (1X), complimenting (3X), asserting (4X)
Feeling glad (1X), asserting (4X), complimenting (5X)
Asserting (1X), greeting (1X), requesting (2X), complimenting (6X)
Forbidding (1X), complimenting (3X), asserting (6X)
Encouraging (1X), requesting (1X), expecting (1X), asserting (3X), complimenting (4X)
Encouraging (1X), asserting (1X), complimenting (8X)
Expecting (1X), encouraging (1X), requesting (1X), complimenting (2X), condoling(2X), asserting (3X)
Wondering (1X), complimenting (4X), asserting (5X)
Congratulating (2X), asserting (3X), complimenting (5X)
Expecting (1X), asserting (4X), complimenting (5X)
Expecting (1X), asserting (4X), complimenting (5X),
Encouraging (1X), asserting (3X), complimenting (6X)
Thanking (1X), congratulating (1X), requesting (1X), complimenting (7X)
Requesting (1X), complimenting (4X), asserting (5X)
Congratulating (1X), asserting (1X), criticizing (1X), requesting (1X), complimenting (6X)
Thanking (1X), expecting (1X), asserting (2X), complimenting (6X)
Expecting (1X), suggesting (1X), wondering (2X), complimenting (2X), asserting (4X)
Criticizing (1X), expecting (1X), asserting (1X), wondering (3X), complimenting (4X)
Asserting (1X), criticizing (1X), expecting (3X), complimenting (5X)

243

244

APPENDIX 7
ORIGINAL DATA
Utterance 1:

244

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Utterance 2:

246

Utterance 3:

247

Utterance 4:

248

Utterance 5:

249

Utterance 6:

250

Utterance 7:

251

Utterance 8:

252

Utterance 9:

253

Utterance 10:

254

Utterance 11:

255

Utterance 12:

256

Utterance 13:

257

Utterance 14:

258

Utterance 15:

259

Utterance 16:

260

Utterance 17:

261

Utterance 18:

262

Utterance 19:

263

Utterance 20:

264

Utterance 21:

265

Utterance 22:

266

Utterance 23:

267

Utterance 24:

268

Utterance 25:

269

Utterance 26:

270

Utterance 27:

271

Utterance 28:

272

Utterance 29:

273

Utterance 30:

274

Utterance 31:

275

Utterance 32:

276

Utterance 33:

277

Utterance 34:

278

Utterance 35:

279

Utterance 36:

280

Utterance 37:

281

Utterance 38:

282

Utterance 39:

283

Utterance 40:

284

Utterance 41:

285

Utterance 42:

286

Utterance 43:

287

Utterance 44:

288

Utterance 45:

289

Utterance 46:

290

Utterance 47:

291

Utterance 48:

292

Utterance 49:

293

Utterance 50:

294

Utterance 51:

295

Utterance 52:

296

Utterance 53:

297

Utterance 54:

298

Utterance 55:

299

Utterance 56:

300

Utterance 57:

301

Utterance 58:

302

Utterance 59:

303

Utterance 60:

304

Utterance 61:

305

Utterance 62:

306

Utterance 63:

307

Utterance 64:

308

Utterance 65:

309

Utterance 66:

310

Utterance 67:

311

Utterance 68:

312

Utterance 69:

313

Utterance70:

314

Utterance 71:

315

Utterance 72:

316

Utterance 73:

317

Utterance 74:

318

Utterance 75:

319

Utterance 76:

320

Utterance 77:

321

Utterance 78:

322

Utterance 79:

323

Utterance 80:

324

Utterance 81:

325

Utterance 82:

326

Utterance 83:

327

Utterance 84:

328

Utterance 85:

329

Utterance 86:

330

Utterance 87:

331

Utterance 88:

332

Utterance 89:

333

Utterance 90:

334

Utterance 91: