An aeronautical chart is a map designed to assist in navigation of aircraft, muc

h as nautical charts do for watercraft, or a roadmap for drivers. Using these ch

arts and other tools, pilots are able to determine their position, safe altitude
, best route to a destination, navigation aids along the way, alternative landin
g areas in case of an in-flight emergency, and other useful information such as
radio frequencies and airspace boundaries. There are charts for all land masses
on Earth, and long-distance charts for trans-oceanic travel.
Specific charts are used for each phase of a flight and may vary from a map of a
particular airport facility to an overview of the instrument routes covering an
entire continent (e.g., global navigation charts), and many types in between.
Visual flight charts are categorized according to their scale, which is proporti
onal to the size of the area covered by one map. The amount of detail is necessa
rily reduced when larger areas are represented on a map.
World aeronautical charts (WACs) have a scale of 1:1,000,000 and cover relativel
y large areas. Outside of WAC coverage, operational navigation charts (ONC) may
be used. They use the same scale as WACs, but omit some useful information such
as airspace restrictions.
Sectional charts typically cover a total area of about 340x340 miles, printed on
both sides of the map. The scale is 1:500,000.
VFR Terminal area charts are created with a scale and coverage appropriate for t
he general vicinity of a large airport (1:250,000). They may depict preferred VF
R flight routes within areas of congested airspace.