THE ROMANCE OF KING ANLIN DARMA

IN JAVANESE LITERATURE

BIBLIOTHECA INDONESICA
published by the

KONINKLIJK INSTITUUT
VOOR TAAL-, LAND- EN VOLKENKUNDE

11

THE ROMANCE OF

KING ANLIN DARMA

IN JAVANESE LITERATURE
by

G. W. J. DREWES

Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V. - 1975

The Bibliotheca Indonesica is a series published by the

Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
(Royal Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology), Leiden.
The series contains critical editions of texts in various
Indonesian languages, together with a translation and
commentary in English.
Through the publication of this series the Institute hopes
to contribute to the opening up of the Indonesian literatures,
which are not only of literary interest but also of value to
anthropologists, linguists, historians and other scholars of
South-East Asia. It aims to help preserve the wealth of the
Indonesian literary heritage by drawing the attention of
international scholarship to it and by encouraging its
further study.

ISBN 978-94-017-6729-3
ISBN 978-94-017-6822-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-6822-1

PREFACE
Many years ago I was in a position ex officio to devote considerably
more time to the study of Javanese helles lettres than I have ever been
since. What led me to examine the romance of King At.i.lin Darma avowedly in a rather cursory way- was the fact that the editorial staff
of the J avanese section of Balai Pustaka had proposed a reprint of
Winter's edition of this text ( 1853) in serial form in the Javanese
People's Annual (Volksalmanak Djawi), one of Balai Pustaka's most
popular and successful publications. It was in fact subsequently printed
in the Annuals for the years 1928, 1929 and 1930.
This was not the end of the matter as far as I was concerned, however. The various episodes that had accreted to the tale of the king
who understood the language of the animals called for closer investigation. Fora relatively short story of world-wide distribution had swollen
into a full-scale narrative relating the amorous exploits of this king
during the many years spent roaming about under a curse of an
offended goddess. This narrative, which forms the subject matter of
the Middle Javanese kidun Aji Darma, not only was elaborated into the
popular Modern Javanese poem Serat Aruin Darma, but also became
incorporated into Javanese pseudo-history as recorded in quasi-historical
works as weil a~ into the wayan madya repertoire.
So I began by t~anslating the kidun Aji Darma, the text and translation of which are presented below. I thereupon read and made
abstracts of all the connected material I could lay hands on, with a
view to contributing in due course a volume to the series of annotated
bibliographies which the former Royal Batavia Society was planning
to publish at the time.
This project did not materialize as promptly as was hoped, however.
Only two volumes of the projected series, viz. Dr. Poerbatjaraka's
Pandji-verhalen onderling vergeleken (Bibl. Jav., Vol. 9, 1940) and his
M enak (Bandung, 1941), had appeared by the time World War II
broke out, interrupting all scientific activity in this field. The series was
not restarted until 1950, when Dr. Poerbatjaraka, Dr. Voorhoeve and
Dr. Hooykaas brought out the volume Indonesische Handschriften. The

VI

Anlin Darma in Javanese Literature

greater part of this book consists of Dr. Poerbatjaraka's abstracts of

MSS. of the Renganis, the Anbiya, Pesantren Iiterature and Primbons.
It constitutes a most valuable contribution to the knowledge of Javanese
literature, and it is highly regrettable that no other volumes saw the
light in the years following.
According to the Preface to Indonesische Handschriften, more
abstracts by Dr. Poerbatjaraka's hand, apparently prepared during the
years 1942-1945 and dealing partly with Serat Ka1J4a and Anlin Darma
MSS., were still awaiting publication at the time. It was this announcement, among other things, which kept me for a long time from preparing
for publication my own notes and abstracts in connection with the
subject of the Alliin Darma romance. However, the announced
publication never came off, and a resumption of the aforesaid series
within the foreseeable future being most unlikely, I feel that there is
no point in delaying the publication of the text and translation of the
kidun Aji Darma still further and leaving my material on the Anlin
Darma unpublished any longer.
Part of the research for this book was made possible by a travel grant
allocated by the Netherlands Organization for the Advancement of
Tropical Research (WOTRO).
I would like to express my gratitude to H.H. Prince Mangkunagara
VIII for the access to the M.N. library and for his kind permission to
take photographs of the wayan madya puppets belonging to the M.N.
collections. I am grateful to Mr. Diarto of Solo for taking these photographs, including the one of Anliti Darma and Satyawati used for the
cover design of this book.
I am deeply indebted to the Editorial Board of the Royal Institute
of Linguistics and Anthropology for accepting this book for publication
as a volume in the Bibliotheca Indonesica series. I furthermore wish to
express my gratitude to Dr. S. 0. Robson, formerly of the Bibliotheca
Indonesica editorial staff, for his conscientious English rendering of my
Dutch translation of the kidun, and likewise to Miss M. J. L. van
Yperen, B.A., for translating the bulk of the remairring chapters and
correcting my own contributions to the English translation.

CONTENTS
page

Preface
Chapter I

The Hikayat Shah Mardan

Chapter II

Summary of contents of the Hikayat Shah

Mardan . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chapter III

The Romance of King Ati.liti Darma of Malawapati . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16

Chapter IV

Similar stories in the Tantri and the Hikayat

Bayan Budiman . . . . . . . .

30

Chapter V

Visual Representation of some Episodes . . .

32

Chapter VI

The Structure and Origin of the Kiduti Aji

Darma . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35

Chapter VII

Text and Translation of the Kiduti Aji Darma

49

st. 1a-17a .
Canto I, First Episode,
Second Episode, st. 17b-55a .
st. 55b-87a .
Third Episode,
Fourth Episode, st. 87b-106a
st. 106b-143a
Fifth Episode,
(The pretended Husband) . .
st. 143b-170b
Sixth Episode,

50
56
70
82
88

102

112

Canto II, Seventh Episode, st. 1a-47a .

Eighth Episode, st. 47b-91b
(The Princess who could not speak)
st. 62a-67a .
First Story,
Second Story, st. 67b-76a.
st. 76b-92a .
Third Story,
st. 92a-117b
Ninth Episode,
Tenth Episode, st. 118a-148b

130
134
138
140
146
156

Chapter VIII

The Texts of the 8erat Atiliti. Darma . .

170

Chapter IX

Summary of the Text published by Winter .

176

Chapter X

Summary of Contents of MS. B.G. Jav. 98 .

196

Chapter XI

Summary of Contents of Kropak B.G. No. 566

207

VIII

Ailliil Darma in Javanese Literature

page

Chapter XII

Summary of Contents of Jav. MS. Pigeaud N.S.

No. 29 . . . . . . . . . . .

210

Chapter XIII

Summary of Contents of Kropak E 20 .

Chapter XIV

The Story of the King of Malawapati named

Anlin Darma ( translated from a Dutch summary, MS. B.G. Jav. No. 382) . . . . . . 232

Chapter XV

Summary of Contents of the Major 8erat K~c;Ia

(MS. B.G. Jav. No. 7) . . . . . . . . . 247

Chapter XVI

Summary of the relevant Section of Rangawarsita's Pustaka Raja . . . . . . . . . . 276

Chapter XVII

Aji Darma and Aillin Darma in wayan madya

lakons .

. 220

299

Notes Ch. I-VI

324

Notes of the Translation

329

Notes Ch. X-XIII

334

Notes Ch. XV-XVIII

335

Appendix I

List of the Cantos of Winter's edition of the

Serat Anlin Darma and of the initial lines of
the first and last stanzas of each Canto . . . 336

Appendix II

Comparison of the Cantos of MS. B.G. Jav.

No. 626 with Winter's edition. . .

341

Appendix 111

The Cantos of MS. B.G. Jav. No. 98 . . . .

345

Appendix IV

The Cantos of Kropak E 20. Corresponding

stanzas in Soerat Purwakal).4a (MS. B.G. Jav.
No. 7) and Kropak E 20 . . . . . . . . 348

Appendix V

The Cantos of MS. B.G. Jav. No. 7, Vol. 2-4

(Vol. 2 missing; = MS. B.G. Jav. 103, Vol. 5) 351

Appendix VI

Comparison of MS. B.G. 452 with MS. B.G. Jav.

No. 103, Vol. 5

356

Bibliography .

357

Index . . .

363