Professional Documents
Culture Documents
AP WORLD HISTORY
Possible Final Exam
Exploration
1. Which of the following distinguished the empires of Western Europe from other empires?
A) They spread diseases to conquered peoples.
B) They were initiated by maritime expansion.
C) They were created by merchants.
D) They were accompanied by religious conversion of conquered peoples.
2. Which of the following regions experienced the least racial mixing and was the least
willing to recognize the offspring of interracial unions?
A) Brazil
B) British North America
C) The Caribbean
D) Mexico
3. Which of the following was a reason that Portugal, Spain, France, and Britain were the first
to expand into the New World?
A) These lands had a long tradition of distant exploration.
B) These lands were on the Atlantic coast and were closer to the Americas.
C) These lands believed in ancient legends of a lost world across the ocean.
D) These lands lacked iron, which drove them to search for deposits.
4. Why did some Native Americans aid the Spanish in their initial invasion of the New World?
A) To acquire gold and jewels
B) To learn about European culture
C) To appease the gods
D) To gain an advantage against their own enemies
5. The colonial economy of the Spanish Empire in former Aztec and Inca lands was
A) dependent on the import of African slaves for labor.
B) based on commercial agriculture and mining.
C) supported by piracy and smuggling.
D) administered by Spanish missionaries.
6. How did many Native Americans in Mesoamerica and Peru respond to Spanish
missionaries efforts to convert them to Catholicism?
A) They rejected Catholicism completely.
B) They blended their old customs into Catholic practices.
C) They only pretended to be Catholic when Europeans were around.
D) They abandoned their old religions and embraced Catholicism entirely.
7. Which of the following motivated Europeans to venture across the Atlantic Ocean?
A) Their monopoly of oceanic trade in the Indian Ocean
B) Rivalries between competing European states
C) An interest in foreign cultures and languages
D) The spread of the Black Death
8. Which of the following describes slavery in Latin America?
A) Large-scale importation of new slaves continued into the nineteenth century.
B) Living and working conditions for slaves were similar to those of poor white
men.
C) Slaves became self-reproducing after 1750.
D) Slaves could not be set free by their owners nor could they buy their freedom.
9. In contrast to the Portuguese and Spanish colonists in Latin America, British colonists in
North America
A) married indigenous women more frequently and were less racist.
B) sought to escape rather than re-create European traditions in the Americas.
C) were almost exclusively male and Catholic.
D) faced many class restrictions.
10. What contributed to higher literacy rates in the British colonies in North America than in
the Spanish and Portuguese colonies in Latin America?
A) Protestantism, which was practiced by most British colonists, encouraged
reading the Bible for oneself.
B) The British government invested massive funds into building libraries
throughout North America.
C) Spanish and Portuguese colonizers thought Native Americans could not be
taught to read.
D) The Spanish and Portuguese governments discouraged literacy among the
colonial population to reduce the chance of rebellions.
11. Which of the following describes a feature of Qing Chinas policy toward its possessions in
central Asia?
A) A massive migration of Chinese settlers into the area
B) A concerted effort to assimilate the local populations into Chinese society
C) Respect for the different cultures of the region
D) The imposition of a special tax on Muslims
12. How did Chinese and Russian expansion into Central Asia affect the nomadic peoples
inhabiting the steppe lands?
A) They no longer enjoyed political independence and economic prosperity.
B) They were absorbed into Chinese and Russian society.
C) They abandoned their nomadic lifestyle and enjoyed success as merchants.
D) They formed a military confederation and successfully fought for their
independence.
13. The Mughal ruler Akbar favored policies that promoted
A) a cosmopolitan and hybrid Indian-Persian-Turkic culture.
B) the forced conversion of Hindus to Islam.
C) a distinctly Islamic identity.
D) the removal of non-Muslims from high office.
14. Which of the following was an outcome of the establishment of European empires in the
Americas?
A) A shift in the global balance of power in favor of Russia
B) The emergence of an Atlantic world connecting four continents
C) The spread of smallpox from the Americas to Eurasia
D) A sharp decline in population in Europe and Asia
15. Which of the following contributed to the great dying in the Americas?
A) A volcanic eruption and an earthquake that caused massive flooding
B) A prolonged drought which made farming impossible
C) The frequent warfare between the Aztec and Inca Empires
D) Native Americans lack of immunity to European and African diseases
16. What did the introduction of domesticated animals into the Americas make possible?
A) Ranching economies
B) Plantation crops
C) The Industrial Revolution
D) The slave trade
17. Which of the following is an example of the Columbian exchange?
A)
B)
C)
D)
The
The
The
The
27.
28. What impact did the Ottoman Empire have on global trade?
A) It encouraged European nations to invest in ocean-going travel, which they
believed would be faster and not subject to Ottoman control.
B) The Ottomans built modern roads to help travelers through their territory.
C) The Ottomans used their monopoly over the land routes to Asia to bar
Europeans from
travel along the same routes.
D) It blocked Europeans from selling goods in Asia because their products
competed with
Ottoman goods.
29. Which best describes how Jews and Christians were treated by the Ottoman Empire in
the
sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
A) The practice of any religion, other than Islam, was strictly prohibited.
B) Jews and Christians lived in self-governing communities and paid special taxes.
C) A special inquisition punished any resident who refused to convert to Islam.
D) Jews and Christians were rewarded with key posts in the Sultans
administration.
30. What impact did the Ottoman Empire have on Eastern Europe?
A) Islam spread to some parts of Eastern Europe.
B) Most Christians were forced to flee from Eastern Europe.
C) Eastern Europe developed more rapidly than Western Europe.
D) Eastern Europeans fell under the influence of the Catholic Church.
31. Which of these events during the Age of Exploration was a cause of the other three?
A) Europeans brought food, animals, and ideas from one continent to another
B) European diseases had an adverse effect on the native populations of new
territories
C) warfare increased as European nations competed for land and power
D) advances in learning and technology made long ocean voyages possible
32. In Latin America during the early period of Spanish colonialism, the deaths of large
numbers of the native people led to
A) a decline in Spanish immigration to the Americas
B) the removal of most Spanish troops from the Americas
C) the importation of slaves from Africa
D) improved health care in the colonies
33. In many Latin American nations, a major effect of colonial rule has been the
A) concentration of power in a small group of landowners
B) minor political role of the military
C) equal distribution of wealth among social classes
D) economic control held by the Indian population
34. According to the theory of mercantilism, colonies should be
A) acquired as markets and sources of raw materials
B) considered an economic burden for the colonial power
C) grated independence as soon as possible
D) encouraged to develop their own industries
35. Which statement best illustrates the contradictory actions of the Catholic Church in
colonial Latin America?
A) the Jesuits destroyed the temples of the Native Americans, but allowed them
to continue their religious rituals
B) the Church expressed concern over the mistreatment of Native Americans, but
supported the encomienda system
C) the Church moved many Native Americas from Spanish territory to Portuguese
territory, but encouraged the importation of African slaves
D) the Pope endorsed the Treaty of Tordesillas, but outlawed further exploration
36. Peter the Great and Catherine the Great changed Russia by
A) abolishing all social class distinctions
B) becoming constitutional monarchs
C) preventing wars with neighboring nations
D) introducing western ideas and customs
37. This commodity played a large role in the expansion of both Russia in Siberia and
France in Canada
A) Coffee
B) Gold
C) Fur
D) Tobacco
38. This New World region saw the importation of the most slaves
A) Virginia
B) Cuba
C) Mexico
D) Brazil
39. How does Capitalism differ from Mercantilism?
A) Capitalism emphasizes state controlled accumulation of wealth while
Mercantilism gives merchants more local control
B) Capitalism is socialistic than Mercantilism
C) Capitalism emphasizes free market ideals while Mercantilism is focused on state
controlled economy
D) Capitalism is more concerned with land based trade while Mercantilism is more
concerned with sea borne trade
40. The Encomienda system most resembled Russian serfdom in that
A) Both uses laborers to work on agriculture and other projects
B) Both legally enslaved their labor force
C) Both were imposed by foreign conquerors
D) Both drew their labor force from prisoners of war
AP World Atlantic Revolutions
1. Which group had the greatest success in converting people outside of Europe to
Christianity?
A) Jesuit missionaries in China
B) Spanish Catholic missionaries in the Philippines
C) Puritan missionaries in New England
D) Portuguese missionaries in West Africa
2. Which of the following was generally more true of Catholics than Protestants in European
colonies?
A) Catholics built more simply designed churches.
B) Catholics were more intent on converting native peoples.
C) Catholics were more opposed to slavery.
D) Catholics encouraged literacy in the local population.
3. Which of the following was a goal of the Wahhabi movement?
A) To return to the absolute monotheism of authentic Islam
B) To promote religious blending and syncretism in Islam
C) To encourage religious tolerance
D) To expand the rights of women under Islamic law
4. Which of the following describes European reaction to the syncretic religions of African
slave communities in the New World?
A) Tolerance
B) Acceptance
C) Conversion
D) Suppression
5. Both Wang Yangmin in his view of Confucianism and Martin Luther in his view of
Christianity
12.Which of the following reflects the Enlightenment view of the innate qualities of the
individual?
A) Intolerant, close-minded, and hypocritical
B) Conservative, complacent, and obedient
C) Aggressive, neurotic, and irrational
D) Thoughtful, rational, and independent
13.Which
A)
B)
C)
D)
of the following is a value that the Marquis de Condorcet held in high esteem?
Faith
Progress
Stability
Tolerance
of the following was an effect of the Haitian Revolution throughout the Atlantic world?
The movement to abolish slavery collapsed as fear of free slaves grew.
Slave owners and whites were filled with a deep caution and fear.
Runaway slaves from Brazil, Jamaica, and Louisiana sought refuge in Haiti.
The French Revolutions principles were discredited.
17.Which of the following is one reason why the Spanish American revolutions took longer and
were more difficult than the (North) American Revolution?
A) Language barriers
B) Greater wealth in Spain than in Britain
C) Divisions of class, race, and region within Spanish America
D) Stability of the royal government in Spain
18.In Latin America, creole elites pursued independence and political change out of a fear that
A) the United States was growing too powerful.
B) the Church was gaining too much control over the government.
C) social unrest from the lower classes and nonwhites would get out of control.
D) new colonists from Spain and Portugal were going to displace them by seizing
their land.
19. The Atlantic revolutions were inspired by the Enlightenment belief that political and social
arrangements
A) were driven by economic forces.
B) could be improved by human action.
C) should be regulated by church authority.
D) were justified by the divine right of kings.
20. The American Revolution erupted as a response to increasing
A) British control over the economic affairs of the colonies.
B) social tensions within the colonies.
C) population pressure on the land.
D) popular demands for decolonization.
21. Which of the following is true about womens participation in the French Revolution?
A) Women took on leading roles in the revolutionary government.
B) Women were unified in their defense of Queen Marie Antoinette against the
revolutionaries.
28. What condition in Europe that was absent in China and the Islamic world contributed to the
Scientific Revolution?
A) The relative independence of European universities
B) The superiority of the libraries in Western Europe
C) Europes leadership in the fields of mathematics and medicine after 1000 C.E.
D) The merging of the study of the natural order with philosophy and theology
29. One important result of the French Revolution was that
A) France enjoyed a lengthy period of peace and prosperity
B) the church was restored to its former role and power in the French government
C) political power shifted to the bourgeoisie
30. Which statement is a valid generalization about the immediate results of the French
Revolution of 1789?
A) the Roman Catholic Church increased its power and wealth
B) the revolution achieved its goal of establishing peace, democracy, and justice for
all
C) the revolution had little impact outside France
D) the French middle class gained more power
31. A study of revolutions would most likely lead to the conclusion that pre-Revolutionary
governments
A) are more concerned about human rights than the governments that replace them
B) refuse to modernize their armed forces with advanced technology
C) attempt to bring about the separation of government from religion
D) fail to meet the political and economic needs of their people
32. The French people supported Napoleon Bonaparte because they hoped he would
A) adopt the ideas of the Protestant Reformation
B) restore Louis XVI to power
C) provide stability for the nation
D) end British control of France
Speaker A: The story of history is the story of class struggles. Revolution is necessary to
overthrow the ruling class and eventually create a classless society in which no one will
be exploited.
Speaker B: The royal power is absolute and the prince need render account of his acts to
no one. Where the word of a king is, there is no power. Without this absolute authority,
the king could neither do good nor repress evil.
Speaker C: Government should leave business alone. It should let the natural law of
supply and demand determine what gets produced, how much gets produced, who does
the work, the price of goods, rates of pay, and all other economic questions.
Speaker D: Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. It is the duty of every
government to preserve and protect these natural inalienable rights.
33. Which speaker expresses the views of John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal, that they are
endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life,
liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
34. The ideas expressed in the quotation are based primarily on the writings of
A) Niccolo Machiavelli
B) Charles Darwin
C) Charlemagne
D) John Locke
35. Writers of the Enlightenment were primarily interested in
A) changing the relationship between people and their government
B) supporting the divine right theory
C) debating the role of the church in society
D) promoting increased power for European monarchs
We prefer self-government with danger, to servitude in tranquility.
36. The author of this statement would most likely support
A) imperialism
B) independence movements
C) colonial expansion
D) mercantilism
37. Simon Bolivar and Miguel Hidalgo, leaders of Latin American independence
movements, were inspired by successful revolutions in
A) the United States and France
B) the Soviet Union and China
C) Cuba and Costa Rica
D) Egypt and Kenya
38. Which of the following is the most fundamental cause of the French Revolution of
1789?
a) fear of invasion by other European countries
39. The North and South American independence movements of the late eighteenth and
early nineteenth centuries shared which of the following?
a) limitation of civil rights to a minority of the population
b) reliance on Christian teachings to define revolutionary demands
c) Industrial economies that permitted both areas to break free of European control
d) The desire of a majority of revolutionary leaders to create a politically united
hemisphere
e) Political instability caused by constant warfare among the new states
40. Which of the following developments in the Western Hemisphere most directly
resulted from the French Revolution?
a) the expansion of the slave trade in the Americas
b) the extension of the plantation economy in the Caribbean
c) the colonization of Brazil
d) the successful slave rebellion in Haiti
41. During the French Revolution the Jacobins under Robespierre favored the
establishment of a(n)
a) representative democracy, granting wide powers to elected officials
b) radical republic, emphasizing equality
c) limited monarchy
d) absolute monarchy
42. Which phase of the French Revolution is William Wordsworth describing in the quote
below?
"The Mother from the Cradle of her Babe,
a) Since Latin American countries were always at war with each other, they
needed strong military governments to defend themselves.
b) Church officials usually condoned and cooperated with military leaders, and
they influenced the people to submit to military rule.
c) Military leaders were popular with the people, and civilian authorities could not
contain the political aspirations of charismatic military leaders.
47. Which of the following best demonstrates the participation of women during the
French Revolution?
a) The October Days ( The March on Versailles Palace)
b) The Tennis Court Oath
c) The Napoleonic Code
d) The Civil Constitution of the Clergy
48. All of the following factors played a part in starting the French Revolution EXCEPT
a) rising debts of the French government
b) religious struggles between Catholics and Huguenots
c) poor harvests and high bread prices
d) the success of the American Revolutoin
49. All of the following are accurate statements about the French Revolution EXCEPT?:
a)
7. Which of the following was a reason for the failure of socialism to take root in the United
States?
A) The absence of labor unions in the United States
B) The lack of class consciousness among workers in the United States
C) The higher standard of living enjoyed by most American workers
D) The homogenous nature of the American population
8. Industrialization led to violent social revolution only in
A) Britain.
B) France.
C) the United States.
D) Russia.
9. How did contact with other civilizations contribute to Europes Industrial Revolution?
A) It awakened a desire to keep all foreign influence out of Europe.
B) It forced Europeans to acknowledge and overcome their backwardness.
C) It enabled Europe to draw disproportionately on the worlds resources.
D) It stimulated European states to industrialize in order to defend themselves
from foreign invasion.
10. Which of the following has been offered as an explanation for why Britain was the first
European country to industrialize?
A) Lack of coal deposits forced British industrialists to develop wind-based energy
sources.
B) British monarchs had absolute power and directed the countrys
industrialization.
C) A scarcity of workers in Britain led to technological innovations that increased
efficiency
D) The Scientific Revolution in Great Britain fostered technological innovation.
11. The proponent of the idea that population would always exceed food production was:
A) Adam Smith
B) Karl Marx
C) David Ricardo
D) Thomas Malthus
12. Which of the following has been offered as an explanation for why Britain was the first
European country to industrialize?
A) Lack of coal deposits forced British industrialists to develop wind-based energy
sources.
B) British monarchs had absolute power and directed the countrys
industrialization.
C) A scarcity of workers in Britain led to technological innovations that increased
efficiency.
D) The Scientific Revolution in Great Britain fostered technological innovation.
13. How did the working class movement in Britain differ from the one in Russia?
A) It faced a more hostile and autocratic state and never influenced politics.
B) It was more committed to the ideas and program of Marxism.
C) It advocated class struggle and revolution to overthrow capitalism.
D) It advocated a reformist program and a peaceful transition to socialism.
14. Which of the following played a greater role in industrial development in Russia than in
the United States or Western Europe?
A) The state
B) The serfs
C) Trade unions
D) Political parties
15. Industrialization led to violent social revolution only in
A) Britain.
B) France.
C) the United States.
D) Russia.
16. How did contact with other civilizations contribute to Europes Industrial Revolution?
A) It awakened a desire to keep all foreign influence out of Europe.
B) It forced Europeans to acknowledge and overcome their backwardness.
C) It enabled Europe to draw disproportionately on the worlds resources.
D) It stimulated European states to industrialize in order to defend themselves
from foreign invasion.
17. Which of the following describes how the movement toward industrialization in the
nineteenth century affected Latin America?
A) A large market for manufactured goods developed in Latin America.
B) Latin America provided cheap labor for foreign-owned manufacturing
industries.
C) Latin America exported textiles, machinery, tools, weapons, and luxury goods
to the United States and Europe.
D) Latin America provided the food products, raw materials, and markets for
industrializing countries.
18. Which of the following describes how the Industrial Revolution unfolded?
A) It began independently in only one place, Great Britain.
B) It was actively resisted virtually everywhere.
C) It spread slowly and evenly throughout the world.
D) It spontaneously started in the most commercialized economies.
19. In the eighteenth century, how did the Industrial Revolution solve an emerging energy
crisis?
A) It emphasized intensive use of the renewable energy sources of wind and
water.
B) It introduced the use of coal, oil, and natural gas as sources of fuel.
C) It facilitated the migration of the rural population to towns and cities.
D) It encouraged the global trend towards economic protectionism.
20. How did Britains geography affect its Industrial Revolution?
A) Proximity to France made it vulnerable to invasions during the reign of
Napoleon.
B) Its northern location minimized the effects of the Little Ice Age.
C) Coal and iron ore deposits were abundant and close to each other.
D) Trees covered most of the country, providing a renewable source of energy.
21. Which of the following was a result of the Industrial Revolution?
A) An increase in production in mining, manufacturing, and services
B) The dominance of agriculture in the economic sector
C) The decline of the middle class
D) The shrinking numbers of the working class
22. Which of the following groups benefited the most from the Industrial Revolution in
nineteenth-century Britain?
A) The aristocracy
B) The middle classes
C) The laboring classes
D) Women
23. In nineteenth-century Britain, most members of the aristocracy derived their wealth from
A) manufacturing.
B) commerce.
C) finance.
D) landownership.
24. Which of the following made global migration an appealing option for many Europeans
during the nineteenth century?
A) The demand for labor overseas
B) The appeal of socialist ideas
C) The search for a utopian society
D) The commitment to revolution
25. Which of the following describes a feature of Karl Marxs vision of the society he predicted
would emerge after the collapse of capitalism?
A) A society controlled by a totalitarian state
B) A society made up only of the middle class
C) A society without classes and conflict
D) A society run by the captains of industry
26. What was
A)
B)
C)
D)
29. Which was the only country in Latin America to experience a nationwide revolution in the
early twentieth century?
A) Mexico
B) Argentina
C) Peru
D) Chile
30. Which of the following is a phrase that has been used to describe the form of economic
growth in Latin America in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
A) Industrial capitalism
B) Market-driven industrialization
C) Socialist development
D) Dependent development
31. Which of the following was a value associated with middle-class culture in nineteenthcentury Britain?
A) Social justice
B) Racial equality
C) Hard work
D) Luxurious extravagance
32. Which of the following was a factor that pushed many Europeans to immigrate in the
nineteenth century?
A) The rise in artisan manufacturing worldwide
B) The decline in peasant farming in their homelands
C) The high cost of transportation in Europe
D) The scarcity of factory jobs in European urban centers
33.
Which of the following has been offered as an explanation for why Britain was the first
European country to industrialize?
A) Lack of coal deposits forced British industrialists to develop wind-based energy
sources.
B) British monarchs had absolute power and directed the countrys
industrialization.
C) A scarcity of workers in Britain led to technological innovations that increased
efficiency.
D) The Scientific Revolution in Great Britain fostered technological innovation.
34. Which of the following arguments serves to counter the notion that European culture is
inherently more suited to industry and technology?
A) Until about 1750, core areas of Europe, India, and China enjoyed similar levels
of economic development.
B) Non-European civilizations have made valuable contributions to world history in
music and cuisine.
C) Europeans today lag far behind the United States in terms of industry and
technology.
D) Europes early industrialization relied almost exclusively on slave labor from
Africa.
35. Critics of industrialization who argue that the Industrial Revolution was a failure
generally base their interpretation on which of the following criterion?
A) Growth of national wealth
B) Preservation of the environment
C) Strengthening of state power
D) Transformation of society
36. Which was the only country outside of Europe and North America to successfully
launch its own Industrial Revolution?
A) The Ottoman Empire
B) Korea
C) China
D) Japan
37. Which of the following was a consequence of the emphasis on cash-crop agriculture in
European colonies?
A) The vulnerability of African and Asian farmers to price fluctuations in the
international market
B) The spread of mass nationalism and independence movements in Asia and
Africa
C) The end of class conflict in the industrial societies of Europe
38. Which of the following did not play a role in industrialization
A) Skilled workers
B) Available farmland
C) Rivers
D) Mineral resources
43. Most world historians would agree that the key to European predominance in
world economy during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was
(A) the Industrial Revolution
(B) European medical technology
the
49. All of
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
50. The industrial economy of the 19th century was based upon all of the following
EXCEPT
A) an equitable distribution of profits among all those who were involved in
production
B) a distribution system to marekt finished products
19. What played a more important role in distinguishing rulers from their colonial subjects in
the imperialism of the nineteenth-century than in earlier instances of imperialism?
A) Race
B) Gender
C) Slavery
D) Political ideals
20. Which of the following describes the model for social development preferred by
Europeans for their colonies?
A) Democratic urban societies with an active civil society and nationalist ideology
B) Modern industrial societies led by a Westernized elite and based on a secular
ideology
C) Christian societies that embodied the ideals of social equality and justice
D) Traditional rural societies with their established authorities and social
hierarchies
21. The spread of Christianity in Africa was facilitated by its association with
A) export agriculture.
B) female circumcision.
C) modern education.
D) mass nationalism.
22. How did the spread of Western education affect colonial society?
A) It strengthened confidence in local gods and traditional practices.
B) It created a new elite who saw themselves as a modernizing vanguard in the
regeneration of their societies.
C) It provoked a complete rejection of Western civilization and contributed to a
cultural renaissance centered on native traditions.
D) It resulted in Europeans treating Asians and Africans as equal partners rather
than as colonial subjects.
23. How were the colonial takeovers of India and Indonesia during the long nineteenth
century similar?
A) Both were conquered by Britain.
B) Both were conquered by the Dutch.
C) In both, colonial conquest grew out of earlier interaction with European trading
firms.
D) In both, colonial conquest was abrupt, deliberate, violent, and completed
within 25 years.
24. Which of the following represents the imperialist actions of a country outside of Europe?
A) Mexicos northward expansion into Canada
B) Japans takeover of Taiwan and Korea
C) Australias expansion into New Zealand
D) U.S. participation in the partitioning of Africa
25. Which of the following was a distinctive feature of European colonial rule in the
nineteenth century?
A) The counting and classification of colonial populations
B) The appreciation and celebration of ethnic diversity
C) The assimilation of colonial subjects into European society
D) The incorporation of Westernized colonial subjects into European governments
26. Which of the following reflects a contradiction in Western imperialism in the nineteenth
century?
A) The role of scientific racism in the classification of colonial populations
B) The masculinization of colonial rulers and the feminization of colonial subjects
C) The identification of certain segments of colonial society as martial races
D) European reluctance to encourage modernization in their colonies
27. What elements of the modernizing process did colonial rule convey on colonies?
A) Political systems based on Enlightenment models
B) Democratic values and civil society
C) Communication and transportation infrastructure
D) Discourses on nationalism and human rights
28. Which of the following resulted from the employment of colonial subjects in Europeanowned plantations, mines, construction projects, and businesses?
A) Migration of colonial subjects to work sites overseas
B) Resurgence of the slave trade in Africa and Asia
C) Decrease in racial discrimination
D) Normalcy and stability for colonial subjects
29. Which of the following was a consequence of nineteenth-century European imperialism on
the colonial societies of Asia and Africa?
A) The incorporation of colonial populations into European society on a basis of
equality and respect
B) The ending of poverty and exploitation in areas where colonial rule was the
strongest
C) The integration of Asian and African economies into a global network of
exchange centered in Europe
D) The industrialization of most of Asia and Africa by the end of the nineteenth
century
30. Which of the following was a consequence of the Taiping Uprising?
A) The state initiated an effective and successful program of modernization.
B) The problems facing the peasantry were finally addressed and resolved.
C) The Qing dynasty collapsed and civil war ensued.
D) The provincial gentry consolidated their power at the expense of the central
state.
31. Which of the following characterizes the goal of the Tanzimat reforms initiated by the
Ottoman leadership in the mid-nineteenth century?
A) To strengthen the power of the Janissaries and give more autonomy to the
ulama
B) To clarify the religious principles for a renewed Muslim state
C) To establish the economic, social, and legal foundation for a strong centralized
state
D) To confirm the fundamentally Islamic character of the Ottoman Empire
32. What was a result of the reform program launched by the Japanese leadership in the late
nineteenth century?
A) The rejection of Western models in favor of Chinese models
B) The fall of the Tokugawa shogunate and the restoration of the emperor
C) A dramatic transformation of the social structure of Japan
D) The isolation of Japan from the rest of the world
33. Which of the following characterizes Japanese colonial policies in Taiwan and Korea in the
late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?
A) Japanese colonialism was less harsh and exploitative than European
colonialism.
B) Japanese colonialism matched or exceeded the brutality of European
colonialism.
C) The Japanese granted colonial subjects the same rights and protections as
Japanese subjects.
D) The Japanese willingly relinquished their colonies once the colonies had
industrialized.
34. What could countries with a sphere of influence in China do within their respective
spheres?
A) Collect tribute
B) Issue imperial edicts
C) Establish parliaments
D) Build railroads
35. The capitulations between European countries and the Ottoman Empire were similar to
A) the spheres of influence in Japan.
B) the Meiji Restoration in Japan.
C) the unequal treaties between European countries and China.
D) the defensive modernization program in China.
36. In the nineteenth century, which group in the Ottoman Empire advocated a program of
radical secularization and modernization along European lines?
A) Young Ottomans
B) Young Turks
C) The daimyo
D) Islamic modernists
37. Which was the only country outside of Europe and North America to successfully launch
its own Industrial Revolution?
A) The Ottoman Empire
B) Korea
C) China
D) Japan
38. How did the leadership that emerged after the Meiji restoration in Japan respond to the
threat of Western imperialism?
A) They fought a war against the United States.
B) They used Western models to transform Japan.
C) They looked to China for men of good moral character to lead Japan.
D) They initiated reforms based on Confucian principles.
39. In what way was Japan in a better position than China or the Ottoman Empire in its
encounter with Western imperialism?
A) Japans samurai effectively repelled the Western powers.
B) Japans strategic location enabled it to outmaneuver Western military forces.
C) Japans vast resources and wealth better equipped it to resist foreign
aggression.
D) Japan was of less interest to the Western powers.
40. Which of the following events established Japan as an economic, political, and military
competitor in Asia?
A) The Russo-Japanese War
B) The self-strengthening movement
C) The Meiji restoration