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SOLVED INORGANIC QUESTIONS FOR B.Sc. III CHEMISTRY (PASS COURSE)

1. How does IF7 react with SiO2 (silica)?
Ans.: Iodine(VII) fluoride, IF7 reacts with silica (SiO2) to produce silicon tetrafluoride and
iodine(VII) pentafluoride-oxide. This reaction takes place at a temperature of 100C.
2 IF7 + SiO2

SiF4 + 2 IOF5

2. Discuss the geometry of ClF3 indicating hybridisation of the central atom in the molecule.
Ans.: Total no. of valence electrons = 1 X 7 (for Cl) + 3 X 7 (for F) = 28
No. of Bond pairs = 3
No. of electrons involved in octet formation = 3 X 8 = 24
Therefore, no. of lone pairs

Thus, no. of hybrid orbitals = 5 (3 bps. + 2 lps.)

Hence, hybridization = sp3d
Geometry = Trigonal bipyramidal (with the lps.)
= T-shaped with two axial bonds and one equatorial bond (excluding lps.)
Explanation: In ClF3 molecule, the ground state electronic configuration of central chlorine atom is
[Ne]3s2 3p5 3d0. In the exited state, one of the 3p electrons is promoted to vacant 3d orbital, as a
result chlorine atom has three unpaired electrons. The five orbitals (one 3s, three 3p and one 3d)
undergo hybridization to form five sp3d hybrid orbitals. The lone pairs occupy equatorial positions
on the trigonal bipyramid to minimise the extent of 90 lp-bp repulsion. The equatorial-axial FCl
F bond angles are less than 90 due to lp-bp repulsion being greater than bp-bp repulsion. The
axial-axial FClF bond angle is less than 180 for the same reason.
3. Compare properties of inorganic polymers with those of organic polymers.
Ans.:
INORGANIC POLYMERS
ORGANIC POLYMERS
More variations in side group attachment
Less variations in side group attachment
More stiffer and harder
Less stiffer and harder
More brittle
Less brittle

4. What is meant by biological oxygen demand (BOD)?

Ans.: Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed (i. e.,
demanded) by aerobic biological organisms to break down organic material present in a given
water sample at certain temperature over a specific time period.
5. Discuss one physical method and one chemical method of sterilisation of water.
Ans.:
Physical Method (using gamma-ray irradiation): Gamma rays are emitted from radio isotopes
(e.g., cobalt-60), which, because of their penetrating power, have been used to sterilize impure
water.
Chemical Method (using Chlorination): Water is sterilised by adding gaseous chlorine, forming
hypochlorite ions (ClO-) to kill pathogens e.g., bacteria (E. Coli), microbes and prevent the growth
of algae.

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6. What are the basic constituents of paint? Discuss the basic roles of these constituents.
Ans.: (i) Pigment
(ii) Binder
(iii) Thinner
(iv) Drying oil (iv) Driers (vi) Filters
Role of PIGMENT : It gives the paint its colour and opacity.
Role of BINDER
: It holds the pigment and additives together.
Role of THINNER : It gives the paint its ability to be spread over a surface.
Role of DRYING OIL : It acts as the vehicle for the dispersion of the paint.
Role of DRIERS
: They act as oxygen carriers to the oils.
Role of FILTERS
: They increase the durability of the paints.
7. What is Portland cement? Discuss the process of setting of cement.
Ans.: Portland cement is the one which is made by mixing substances containing CaCO3 with
substances containing SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3, and heating them to a clinker which is subsequently
ground to powder and mixed with 2-6 % gypsum.
Cement absorbs water on mixing to form a gelatinous mass. This sets to hard mass and is very
resistant to pressure. This process is called setting of cement which involves a set of complicated
reactions of hydration and hydrolysis, leading to the formation of Si-O-Si and Si-O-Al chains.
The various steps/reactions involved are as follows:
1. Hydration of tricalcium aluminate to hydrated colloidal gel.
3 CaO.Al2O3 + 6 H2O

3 CaO.Al2O3.2 H2O

2. Tricalcium aluminate reacts with gypsum to form calcium sulphoaluminium crystals.

3 CaO.Al2O3 + 3 (CaSO4.2 H2O) + 2 H2O

3 CaO.Al2O3.3 CaSO4.2H2O + 6 H2O

3. Hydrolysis of tricalcium silicate gives calcium hydroxide and dicalcium silicate.

3 CaO.SiO2 + H2O

Ca(OH)2

2 CaO.SiO2

4. Hydrolysis of dicalcium silicate to hydrated colloidal gel (slow process).

2 CaO.SiO2 + x H2O

2 CaO.SiO2.x H2O

5. Partial hydrolysis of tricalcium aluminate to liberate free aluminium hydroxide.

3 CaO.Al2O3 + 6 H2O

3 Ca(OH)2

2 Al(OH)3

6. Hydration of tetracalcium aluminoferrite to give hydrated tricalcium aluminate, a colloidal

gel.
4 CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3 + 6 H2O

3 CaO.Al2O3.6 H2O + CaO.Fe2O3

8. What is hepaticity of a ligand? Name the compound K[PtCl3(C2H4)] indicating hepaticity of

C2H4 while naming the compound.
Ans.: Number of carbon atoms of a ligand which are simultaneously bonded to metal is called
hapticity. It is denoted by Greek letter .

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9. Complete the following reactions:

10. Write one method of preparation of BrF5. Elucidate its structure and mention the
hybridization involved.
Ans.: PPEPARATION: Bromine pentafluoride, BrF5 can be prepared by the direct reaction of
bromine with excess of fluorine at temperatures over 150 C.
Br2 + 5 F2 2 BrF5
ELUCIDATION OF STRUCTURE:
Total no. of valence electrons = 1 X 7 (for Br) + 5 X 7 (for F) = 42
No. of Bond pairs = 5
No. of electrons involved in octet formation = 5 X 8 = 40
Therefore, no. of lone pairs

Thus, no. of hybrid orbitals = 6 (3 bps. + 1 lp.)

Hence, hybridization = sp3d2
Structure = Square pyramidal
Explanation: In BrF5 molecule, the ground state electronic configuration of central bromine
atom is [Ar]4s2 3d10 4p5 4d0. In the exited state, two 4p electrons (from 4px & 4py) are promoted
to vacant 4d orbitals, as a result bromine atom has five unpaired electrons. The six orbitals (one
4s, three 4p and two 4d) undergo hybridization to form five sp3d2 hybrid orbitals. The lone pair
of bromine occupies axial position of the octahedron, thus giving square pyramidal structure of
BrF5.
11. Propose one method of preparation of S4N4. What happens when S4N4 vapours are passed
over silica wool at about 220 0C?
Ans.: S4N4 can be prepared by the reaction of ammonia with SCl2 in the presence of carbon
tetrachloride as solvent.
24 SCl2 + 64 NH3
4 S4N4 + S8 + 48 NH4Cl
When S4N4 vapours are passed over silica wool at about 220 0C, pure polymeric sulphur nitride,
(SN)n is formed.
S4N4 Silica Wool (cat.)
(SN)n

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12. What type of glass is used in windscreens of automobiles, aeroplanes, etc.?

Ans.: Safety glass
13. Name the substance that is added to cement clinker for making the process of setting of cement slower so that it
gets sufficiently hardened.
Ans.: Gypsum (CaSO4. 2H2O)
14. Mention the main functions of nitrogen in NPK fertilizers.
Ans.:

To increase protein content of the plant

To impart dark green colour to the leaves

To ensure rapid growth of the plant

15. Give an example of (i) an ionic organometallic compound and (ii) a sigma bonded organometallic compound. Name
each of them.
16. What colour is imparted on glass by the presence of cobalt (II) oxide, CoO?
17. Write the composition of superphosphate of lime.
18. Name the compositions used to prepare white paint.
19. Which of the following a not a -bonded organometallic compound?
a. PtCl2(C2H4)2
b. Fe(CO)5
c. (C5H5)2Fe
d. K[PtCl3(C2H4)]
Ans.: b. Fe(CO)5
20. What are homoatomic and heteroatomic polymers? Give one example of each type.
21. What is the main objective of water analysis?
22. What contaminants cannot be removed from water even with boiling for sufficient time? Suggest a method for
removal of such contaminants.
23. How to obtain the fertilizer, ammonium sulphate, starting from NH3 obtained from Habers process? Why this
fertilizer should not be used too frequently?
24. Name the types of glass used for making lenses and prisms. What are the essential compositions of such glasses?
25. What is meant by -bonded organometallic compounds? Give one example. Write one method of its preparation
and one important chemical application.
26. Name two essential raw materials necessary for manufacture of cement. What is the effect of using excess or less
proportion of lime on the quality of cement?
27. Give a short account of double and triple superphosphates of lime.
28. What is the function of gypsum added to the clinker, before grinding in the manufacture of cement?
29. Write down the composition of pyrex glass.
30. Write down the composition of white lead.
31. How is IF5 prepared? What happens when IF5 reacts with F2?
32. What is cyanogen? How is it prepared?
33. What are polyhalides? How is KI3 prepared?
34. What happens when ICl4 reacts with water? Draw the structure of ICl4 mentioning the hybridization of iodine atom.
35. What are the constituents of cement? Outline the method of manufacture of cement by dry process.
36. How are organometallic compounds classified? Give one method of preparation, one important property and one
application of Grignard reagent.
37. Outline the preparation of phosphonitrilic chloride. Why is it called inorganic rubber? Give one industrial
application of phosphonitrilic halides.
Ans.: Phosphonitrilic chloride can be prepared by reacting PCl5 with NH4Cl in a solvent like chlorobenzene at 120-140
0
C.
38. What are paints and pigments? How are they classified according to their colour? Give one example of each class
with their chemical composition.
39. I2 is almost insoluble in water, but dissolves readily in an aqueous solution of KI. Justify this observation with
appropriate chemical equation.

40. Distinguish between manure and fertilizer with at least one example in each case.