ENGLISH

A/E or E/A
AASHTO
acceptance test
ACI
ACIP, ACIP Pile
active earth pressure
Adaptor
additive
Adfreezing
adhesion
Adjacent Piles
admixture, addition
ADSC-IAFD
adsorbed water

Advance Splicer
Aeolian soil
AFEO

A-Frame

Aft Batter

AGC
aggregate
air

air entrainment
air hose
Air Port(s)
Air/Steam Hammer
Airlift

Airlock
Airport
allowable bearing value

Allowable Load

alluvium
anchor
anchor head
Anchor Pile

anchor wall
anchorage, anchoring, anchor plate

anchored bulkhead
Angle Iron Guides

Angle of Internal Friction

angle of repose
anode
Anomaly
Anvil

API
apparent tendon free length

applied stress
apron

aquiclude
Aquifer
arching
Artesian Head
artesian pressure
Artesian Water
ASCE
ASFE
ASTM
at rest pressure
Atomization, Impact

Atomization, Injection

Atterberg limits

auger

auger boring
auger flights

Auger Refusal
Augercast, Augercast Pile
Augered Cast-in-Place (ACIP) Pile

augered pile
Automated Monitoring Equipment

AWPA

AWS
backfill

backhoe
Back-Up-Ring
bailer
banding
barrette

Basal Heave

base failure

basement
battered pile
beam
bearing capacity

bearing pile

bearing pressure
Bearing Pressure, Allowable

Bearing Pressure, Design

Bearing Surface
Bearing Wall
bedrock

Bell

belled anchor
belled caisson
bending
bending moment
bentonite

berm
Bevel Weld

blast, to
bleed
Bleeding

Bleeding Creosote

blocking

Blockout
blow count

blow counter
Blow Out of Pile
Blowing

bog

Boiling

boiling of sand

Bollard
bolt
Bond
Bond Length
bond strength
Bongossi
Bonnet
boom
bore, boring
bored pile

borehole diameter
Boring

borrow material
Bottom Brace

bottom heave
boulder
boulder clay
Bounce Chamber Pressure

Box Lead

Box Pile

BP
brace

Brace Pile
braced excavation
bracing

Bracket Pile
breaking stress
breast wall

Brooming

Bruns Pile
buckling
building
building code, building-by-law
Building Settlement Point - see
Settlement Point
building site
bulb of stress

bulk filing
bulkhead

bulldozer
Bulls Liver
buoyancy
buoyant unit weight

butt-end
Button-Bottom Pile

buttress, to

Butt-Welding

cage

CAGI
caisson

Caisson Hammer

Caisson Pile
Caisson Weights

calibration
Calling the Pile
Can Lead

Cant Hook
cantilever
cantilever sheet piles

Cap and Plumb Post

Cap Block

Cap Material

Capacity
Capacity Modification Factor
Capacity, Bearing or Geotechnical
Capacity

Capacity, Geotechnical
Capacity, Lateral
Capacity, Structural
Capacity, Tension
Capblock
capillarity

CAPWAP

case history

Case Method

cased borehole

casing

Casing Blows
Casing Twister

casing, casing pipe

cast in situ concrete diaphragm wall

cast-in-place pile, cast-in-situ pile

Cat Head

Catamaran
cathode
Cathodic Protection

Caudill Drive Point Pile

cavity
cc

cellular cofferdam

Cement Bentonite
cement grout

centralizer

centrifuge
cfm
CGS
chamber
Champion Splicer
characteristic internal anchor
resistance

charges (explosives)
chemical grouting
chemical properties
Chicago Caisson
Chill Ring
chisel
Chock
chopping bit
Chuck Lead

Churn Drill

CIMA

Circular-Type Cellular Cofferdam

Circulation

Clamshell Bucket
clay

Clay Cutter
Cleaning bucket
Cleat
clients technical representative
Closed Specification
closely graded soil

coarse grained
Coarse-Grained Soil

cobble
Cobi Mandrel

coefficient of earth pressure

Coefficient of Restitution (e)

cofferdam

cohesion
Cohesionless Soil
cohesionless, non-cohesive
Cold Joint
colloid
Colluvium
column
Combustion Delay
compact, to
compactability
Compacted Concrete Pile

Compaction
compaction grouting

compaction pile

composite pile

Compound Batter Pile

Compound Inclination Pile
compressed air
compression
Compression Leads

compression pile
Compression Stroke
compression wave
compressor
Computer Wave Equation Program

concentrated load
concrete (reinforced)
Concrete Batching
Concrete Cover
concrete pile
concrete placing
concreting pipe
cone penetrometer
Cone Penetrometer Test
confined compression test

conglomerate
Consecutive Panel
consolidate
Consolidation
constant loading rate

constant rate of penetration test

contact grouting
contact pressure

Contact Sheeting
container
Contiguous bored pile walls

Continuous flight auger pile (CFA pile)

Contraction Joint
contractor
controlled blasting

Convertible Diesel Pile Hammer

conveyor
core
cored pile

Coring

Corner Panel
coupler
cover (concrete)
CPM
CPT
CPTU
crack
Cradle, Hammer
creep
creep limit

creosoted wood piles

Crew, Pile

Crib

crib wall
critical creep load
Cross Head

Crosshole Sonic Logging (CSL)

Crowd

CRP
Cruciform Barrette
crushed stone, crushed rock

CSL
Cuneiform Pile
curtain (watertight lateral)

Curtain Wall

Cushion

Cushion Blocks

Cushion, Pile
cushioning
cut
Cut Off
Cut-Off Elevation
cut-off wall

cutting ring

Cutting Shoe

Cyclone
cylinder
Cylinder Lift

dam
Damping Factor

Dap
datum load
deadload
deadman

decay time
decomposed rock
decompression
Decrementation
deep foundation

Deep Soil Mixing

deflection

deformation
degree of compaction
degree of saturation
delay
Density

Density Index
density, unit weight
deposit
Depth of Fixity
depth of foundation
depth of penetration
Desander
Desanding Plant
Desiccation
desiccation

design

Design Drawing
Design Engineering Firm

design load
details
deterioration
detonation
Deviation
device
dewatering

DFI
diaphragm

Diaphragm Wall

Diaphragm-Type Cellular Cofferdam

Diesel Hammer
Diesel Hammer, Closed-End

Diesel Hammer, Open-End

Diesel I Program
Dieseling

differential settlement

Differential-Acting Hammer

Dike
Dip
dip (geol.)

Direct Circulation

Direct Circulation Drill

disintegration
displacement

Displacement Amplitude (So)

displacement grouting

displacement pile

distributed load
disturbed sample
diversion
DJMM - Dry Jet Mixing Method

DMM -Deep Mixing Method or DSMM

-Deep Soil Mixing Method

dock
Dock Builder

Dog-Leg Pile
Dolly

dolphin

Doodle or Dummy Hole

Double Sheets
double wall cofferdam
Double-Acting Diesel Hammer
Double-Acting Hammer

Dowel
Down Hole Hammer
Downdrag
drag
dragline
Dragload
Drainage Chase

drawdown

dredge
Dredging

Drift

drift

Drift Bolt

Drift Pit
drill
drill hole

Drilled Pier
Drilled Pile
Drilled Shaft

Drilled-In-Caisson

drilled-in-pile
Driller's Stroke

drilling
Drilling Bucket

drilling fliud/mud
drilling fluid
drilling mud
drilling rig
drive
Drive Cap
Drive Cap Insert
drive shoe

drive tube

Driveability
Drive-Fit Sleeve

driven pile
driving

Driving Capacity(Fd)
Driving Criteria

Driving Formula
Driving Frequency (d)

Driving Head
Driving Log

Driving Point
driving record

driving resistance

driving test
drop hammer

dry density, dry unit weight

Dry Sampling

dry weight

Drypack

Dry-processed Method

ductility
Duplex Drilling

durability
Dutch Block
Dutch Cone

Dutch Leaders

dyke
Dynamic Compaction

Dynamic Force
Dynamic Formula

dynamic load test

dynamic loading
Dynamic Mass (mdyn)

Dynamic method of analysis

Dynamic Pile Monitoring

Dynamic Pile Test

dynamic sounding, - driving

dynamic test
Earth Anchors

Earth Auger

earth pressure

eccentric loading

Eccentric Moment (Me)

eccentricity

effective pressure

EIC
EIT
Elastic Deformation

elastic strain
elasticity modulus
electrode
electro-osmosis
Elevation
embankment
embed, to

Embedment

encapsulation

Encasement

End Bearing
End Closure
End Resistance
End Stop (Pipe)

End Stop Extractor

end-bearing pile

energy loss

Energy, Impact
Energy, Rated
Energy, Transferred
engineering
Engineering Geologist
engineering geology
Engineering News Formula def. 1
Engineering News Formula def. 2
Enlarged Base

enlarged base
entrapped air
epoxy
Epoxy Grout
equilibrium
equipment
European Lead

evaporation
excavated material
excavation

excavator
excess hydrostatic pressure

Exhaust Ports
Expanded Base

Expanded Pile
Expansive Soil

explosive
Explosive Force

Extension, Helical

Extensometer
external anchor resistance

extraction
Extractor

factor of safety
Factored Bearing Capacity (of a
foundation unit)

Factored load
Factored resistance
Factored Soil-strength Parameter
failure
failure load
Failure of a Pile Foundation

failure surface
False Pile

false set
Falsework

fascine

fault, faulting
Faying Surface
Fender
Fender Cap
Fender Pile
Fender System

FGS
FHWA
fill, filling

filler

filling
filter
Filter Cake

Filter Press

Filtrate Loss
Final Blow Count
Final Set
fines
finite element method

firm bottom
Fish Plates
Fish Tail Bit
Fish Tails

fissure grouting
fixed anchor length

fixed end moment

flexible foundation
flexural strength

Floating Pile Driver

floating pile foundation
flocculent
floor
flotation
flow

flow net

Flowable Fill

Flowline

Fluid Power
Fluidifier (and/or Grout Fluidifier)

fly ash
Flying Hammer

foliation
Follow Block or Cap

follower

Foot of a Pile
Footer
footing
Foot-Pound Blow
Fore Batter
Foreman, Pile
formation
foundation

Foundation (Lifting) Bracket

Foundation Pile

Foundation Unit
Foundation Unit, Deep

fracture
frame
Franki Pile
free anchor length
Free-Hanging Hammer
Freeze
French Drain

frequency

fresh water
friable rock
friction
friction pile

Friction/End-Bearing Pile
frost
Frost Line

Frost Action

frost heave

Frost-susceptible Soil

G.C.
gate

gauge, gage

Gel
Geocomb

Geofoam

geology
geophysical exploration
Geotechnical Engineer

geotechnique
GI
Gibs

Gins or Gin Pole

GIR

girder
Girts
glacial deposit

glacial outwash

Glacial Till
Glut
G-mandrel

Go Devil

Go-For / Gopher
Gow Caisson

gpm or gph or gpd

GPR
Grab
gradation
Grade

grader

grain shape
grain size
gravel
gravity grouting
gravity hammer

Greenheart

Grid
Grillage
grillage footing

grind
Grit
Groin, Groyne

Ground Freezing

ground level
Ground Modification

ground surface
Ground Vibration

groundwater

Groundwater Table
Groundwater, Artesian

group action
Grout

grout curtain

Grout Factor

Grout Head
Grout Return

grout, to
Grouted Piles

grouting
grouting pressure
Grouting, Foundation

Guard Pile
Guides

guide-walls

Gumbo
Guy
Guy Derrick
Hairpin
Hairpin Lead
hammer
Hammer Cage

Hammer Cushion
Hammer Efficiency
Hammer Energy
Hammer Grab
Hammer Line
Hammer Speed
Hammer Uplift

Hand Spike
Hanging Leads
Hard-Bite
hardpan

hauling equipment
hazard
H-Beam
H-Beam Lead

Head

Head Block

headwall
heat of hydration

heave

Helical Anchor

Helical Anchorage

helical auger
Helical Binders
Helical Foundation

Helical Foundation System

Helical Pile
Helical Pulldown Micropile

Helical Screw Anchor

Helical Shell

HeliCAP

Helix

Helix Screw Pile

Helmet

heterogeneous
High Strain Dynamic Testing Method

Hiley Formula

Hoisting Engine
Hollow-Stem Auger
Home, Pile
homogeneous
horizontal earth pressure
Hospital Side
H-pile
Hydraulic Collapse
Hydraulic Conductivity
hydraulic fill
hydraulic fracturing (hydraulic fracture,
claquage grouting)
Hydraulic Grab
Hydraulic Hammer
hydrology
Hydromill Excavator

Hydrostatic Pore Pressure

Hydrostatic Pressure
IBC

ICE
ice and snow
Ice Segregation
impact
Impact Atomization

Impact Block

Impact Blow
Impact Force

Impact Velocity
Impedance
Impermeable
impervious
impervious blanket
Impulse Response Test

Impulse-Echo Test

Inclined Pile
Inclinometer

Incrementation

index
Indicator Pile
indurated
inelastic deformation

infiltration
Inflecture Point
Influence line

initial set
Injection Atomization
Inkwell
inlet
Inlet Port
Inlet Pressure
inorganic soil
Insert

InSitu
Insitu Pile

in-situ strength
in-situ test
inspection
Inspector, Pile
Instrumentation

instrumentation
Instrumented pile load test

intact rock
integrity test

intergranular
interlocks of steel sheet piling

internal friction
Internal Hammer

Internal Waler
Interpile
invert
investigation test
jack
Jack Test
jacked piles

Jacking

jacking equipment
Jaws
jet

Jet Grouting

jetted pile
Jetting

Jetty

joint
joint pattern
J-Side
J-Tip
karst
Kelly Bar

Kentledge
Key
Kicker

Kilonewton
King Pile

King Post

Kip

Koden Drilling Monitor

Lace

Lacing
Lagged Pile

lagging

Lags

Laitance

land
landslide
Large Diameter Pile
lateral forces

Lateral Load
lateral pressure

Lateral Pressure (load), Allowable

lateral support

layer
leach

Lead Column

Lead Rails

Lead, Cardonic

Lead, Helical

Leaders
Leading Edge
Leads

Leads, Extended
Leads, Fixed
Leads, Free-Hanging
Leads, Semifixed

Leads, Swinging
Leads, Three-Way
Leads, Underhung
Leads, Vertical-Travel

leakage

Lean Concrete
levee
lever arm

Lifting Sling
lightweight aggregate
Lightweight Fill

lime, limestone
Limerock
limit analysis
Line Oiler
liner

Liner Wall
lining
Liquefaction

liquefaction failure
liquid
liquid limit
liquidity index
live load
load
load bearing element
load carrying capacity, - bearing
capacity
load factor
load gauge
load increment
load loss limit

Load Modification Factor

load test, loading test

Load, Allowable

Load, Applied
Load, Service
loader
loading and unloading
loading frame
Loading Test
Load-movement curve
load-settlement curve
loam
lock
lock off load
Lock Seam
loess
Lofting
Loftsman

log

loose

Louver
Low Displacement Pile
Low heat concrete

Low Mobility Grouting (LMG)

Low Strain Integrity Test

LRFD
lubricate
Lubricator
MLT

made ground
maintained load test

Make-Up-Pile

Mandrel

Man-made Obstruction

mantel, sleeve
Marine Borer

marine deposit
mark, bench mark

marl
marsh
Marsh Funnel

mass concrete

Mast Lead
mat foundation/footing, raft

Mats

McDermid Plate

Mean Low Water

measurement
membrane
mesh
Michigan Tests

micro pile

micropile joint

Milan Method
mineral
Mini-piles

mixed-in-place
mixer
Mixing Plant
mobile equipment

modulus of elasticity

modulus of subgrade reaction

moist
moisture content
moment of inertia
monkey

Monkey Stick

Monotube
Montee Caisson

Montmorillonite

Moonbeam

Mooring Pile

moraine

mortar

Motive Fluid
mottled
Muck
Muck Bucket
Mud Balance
Mud Line
Mud Mat

Mud Wall

mud, muck
Mudcake
Mudding-In

mudjacking

mudwave
multibench blasting

Multi-Hhelix Anchor
multi-row blasting

multi-stage grouting
multistory building

N Value, SPT Value

natural water content, moisture content

Necking
Needle Beam

Needle Gauge

Needle Piles
Negative Batter
Negative Inclination
negative pore water pressure
Negative shaft resistance
negative skin friction

Net Settlement
Neutral Plane

New Construction Bracket

nipple
Nominal Axial Load
nondestructive tests
non-displacement grouting

Non-Displacement Piles
normally consolidated
NRMCA
NSGCSA
NUCA
observation well

Offshore Lead

Oiler

Omega Piles
One Bag Mix
open caisson
open cut
Orange Peel Bucket
Order Lengths
organic matter
Oriented Core

oscillator
Oslo Point

osmosis
Osterberg cell test

outcrop (geol.)
outwash plain

over excavation
overbreak
overburden

Over-cast length

overconsolidated
Overconsolidation Ratio (OCR)
Overdriving

Overhead Leads
overload
Over-pour
overstress

Overtake
p.s.i.g.

Pad
panel
Pants, Hammer

Parallel Seismic Test

Parallelogram Brace
particle size

Particle Velocity

passive earth pressure

PCA
PCSA
PDA

PDCA
pea gravel
peak shear strength
peat

Peavy
pebble
Pedestal Pile

Peeled
Pendulum Leads
penetration grouting
penetration record
penetration resistance

penetration test

Penetration, Gross
Penetration, Minimum

Penetration, Net
penetrometer

Penny
percentage by weight

perched water table

percolation

Percussion boring/drilling

Performance Factor

permafrost

permanent anchor
permeability
permeation (impregnation) grouting

pH

phreatic line, - surface

Pier

pier footing

piezometer

piezometric head
piezometric surface
Pig

pile

pile (driving) frame

pile bearing capacity

Pile Bent

Pile Buck
Pile Bulkhead
Pile Butt

pile cap

Pile Clamps

Pile Cluster

Pile Cushion
Pile Cut-Off
Pile Driver

pile driving
Pile Driving Analyzer
Pile Driving Cap
pile driving formula
pile driving resistance

Pile Encasement

pile extraction
Pile Extractor

Pile Fall
Pile Formula

pile foundation

Pile Frame
Pile Gate
pile group
pile hammer

Pile Hammer, Automatic

Pile Hammer, Semi-Automatic
Pile Head
Pile Heave
Pile Impedance

Pile Installation Recorder

Pile Joint

Pile Line

pile loading test

Pile Log
Pile Master
Pile Monkey

Pile Penetration
Pile Point
Pile Refusal
Pile Rig
Pile Shaft
Pile Shoe

Pile Splicer

Pile Sweep
Pile Take Up
Pile Template

Pile Toe

Pile toe grouting

Pile Top Rig
Pile, Cast-In-Place Concrete
Pile, Timber

Pile-raft Foundation
Piling Contractor
Pin Pile
pipe
Pipe Extractor
Pipe Pile
Pipe Sleeve
pipeline
piping
Piston
piston sampler
pit
PIT (Pile Integrity Tester)

pit run materials

Pitch Opening
Pitching the Pile
plane of weakness
plane strain

plastic concrete

plastic concrete wall

plastic deformation
plastic limit
plastic soil
plasticity

plasticity index
plate bearing test, plate loading test
plug
Plumb Pile
pneumatic caisson
Pogo Stick
point bearing pile
point load

Point of Fixity
point resistance
Poisson's ratio
polymer
Polymer Slurry

polymer-based slurry
pond
Pony Beam

Pony Leads
poorly graded, - sorted
Porcupine Plate

Pore Pressure
pore pressure dissipation

Pore Pressure Elevation, Phreatic

Pore Pressure, Artesian

Pore Pressure, Hydrostatic

pore water pressure
porosity
Positive Batter
Post-tensioned Panel

Post-tensioning

power augers
Power Pack

Practical Refusal
Preaugering, Preboring or Predrilling

precast concrete

precast concrete diaphragm wall

Precast Pile

Precast Segmental Pile

Precast Slurry Wall

precompression
pre-consolidation
preconsolidation pressure
Pre-Excavation

prefabrication
Prefiring
Preignition
preliminary investigation
preliminary micropile

preliminary pile

pre-loading
prepacked pile
preservation
presplitting

pressure
pressure at rest
pressure bulb
pressure gauge

Pressure Grouting
Pressure Head
Pressure Injected Footing

Pressure Meter
Pressure -Treated Pile

prestress
Prestressed Pile

Prestressing

Pretensioned Spun Concrete Pile

Pretensioning

primary consolidation
Primary Drive Cap
Primary Panel
Probe pile
Production Pile
Production, Piles
project
proof load
prop

protection
protective coatings

Protector
Pruyn Point
psi, psf

PTI
puddle-clay
Puddling
Pull Out Resistance
pulling test
pump
pumped concrete

pumping test
Quake
qualification test
quality control
quarry
quartz
quay
quay wall
quick condition
quick lime
Quick Test
quicksand

R
Rabbit

Racking Hammer
raft foundation
Rail Pile
railroad
Railroad Pile Driver

Raker
Raker Point
Raking Pile
Ram

Ram point
rammer

Range Pile
Ranger
rapid drawdown

Rat Hole
rate indicator
rate of loading
Rated Speed
Raymond Step-Tapered Pile
RCD
Reaction Pile
reamed
Reamer
Rebar Cage
Rebound

rebound curve

recharge
recompression

recovery
Rectangular Cofferdam

rectangular footing
reference point
Refusal

Regrout Tube
reinforced concrete pile

reinforced earth
reinforced slurry wall

Reinforcement
relative density
relaxation

relief well

repetitive loading
Residual Soil
residual stress

resin
Resistance
Resistance Factor
Resistance Modification Factor

Resistance, Shaft
Resistance, Toe
Resistance, Ultimate
resisting moment
resonant frequency
Re-strike a Pile

retaining wall

retarding agent
Reverse Circulation

Reverse Circulation Drill

Reverse Head
Rider Cap
Rig
rigid foundation
rigid wall
riprap

rock

rock anchor
rock bolts

Rock Point
Rock Quality Designation (RQD)

Rock Shoe
Rock Socket
rockfill
rod
Rope Suspended Lead
Rotary Boring
Rotary Drill
Rotary Drill Rig

rotary drilling
rotary-percussive drilling

rotation
row of piles
runoff
rupture
Saddle

safe load

safety factor

Safety Margin

Salt Hay
salts
sample
sampling disturbance

sampling spoon
sampling tube
sand
Sand Brace
Sand Cone
Sand Content
Sand Drains
sand drains
sand pile
saturated soil
Saximeter
SBC
scale
scarifier
scarp
Scope of Work

scour, subsurface erosion

scraper

screen
Screw Anchor
screw pile
sea level
sea wall

seal
seasonal effect
Secant Pile
Secant Pile Wall
secondary compression

Secondary Panel
section
sedimentary rock
sediments
seepage

seepage flow
segregation

seismic design
Seismic Exploration

seismic velocity

Seismograph

seismometer
self hardening slurry
self weight
Self-compacting concrete

Self-consolidating concrete

sensitive clay
Sensitivity
sensor
sequence of strata

Set

setting (materials)
settlement

settlement analysis
settlement curve
settlement measurement
settlement plate
Settlement Point
Settlement, Gross

Settlement, Net
Set-up
sewer
Shackle
shaft
shaft diameter
Shaft grouting

Shaft Resistance

Shaft Resistance, Negative

Shaft Resistance, Positive
shale
shallow cut
shallow foundation
shear force
shear stress
shear test
shearing strength, shear
Sheave Head Assembly
Sheet Pile

sheet pile bulkhead

sheet pile cut-off

sheet pile wall

sheeting

Shell
Shelling Up
Shield
Shipworm
Shoe Plates

Shook Out
Shop Drawing
shoring
shotcrete

Shoulder Pipe
shovel
shrinkage
Side Batter
Side Channels

side friction
Side Guides
Sieve

sieve analysis

Sight-Feed Lubricator

Silent Sheet Pile

silica
silt

siltation
Single-Acting Diesel Hammer
Single-Acting Hammer
site
Site Conditions

site investigation

Skew Batter
Skid Rig

skin friction

Skin Friction, Negative

Skin Friction, Positive
Skirt, Hammer

slab
Slaking
slate
Sleeve, Pipe, Inside

Sleeve, Pipe, Outside

slickenside
slide
Slide Pile
Slinging Hole
slip
Slip Layer

slip surface
slope
slope failure

Slope Indicator Tube

slope protection
slot
Slow Test
SLS
Sludge
Slump, Slump Test

slurry

Slurry Displacement Method

Slurry Specialist

Slurry Trench

slurry trench wall

slurry wall
Soak-sensitive Soil

Socket
Socketed Pier or Pile
soft soil
Soil

Soil Anchor

Soil Boring
Soil Boring Log
soil cement
soil characteristics
Soil Damping
Soil Damping Parameter

Soil Engineer
soil exploration
Soil Fill
Soil Investigation

soil mechanics
Soil Mixing
soil moisture
Soil Nail
Soil Nail Wall

Soil Nailing
soil particle
Soil Plug
soil profile
Soil Resistance to Driving (SRD)

Soil Resistance to Vibratory Driving

(SRVD)

Soil Sampler
Soil Screw

soil stabilization

Soldier Beam and Tremie Concrete

Panel
soldier beams

soldier beams and lagging

Soldier Pile

Solid Density
sonic coring

Sonic Driver

Sonic logging
sonic test
sounding

spacer
spacing
span
specific gravity
specification

specimen
Spider
Spile
Spiral Weld Pipe
Splice
Spliced Pile
split spoon

Spoil
Spoon Blows
spoon sample
Spotter

spread footing/foundation

Spreader Bars
spring
Spring Fender
SPT
Spud

Spud Clip
Spud Lead

Spudding
Spun Pile
Spur Dike
Spur Pile
Stabbing Points, Leads
stability
Stabilizing Fluid
stable suspension
stage construction
Staking Out
stanchion

Standard Penetration Test

standards
standpipe

static load test

static loading test
Static pile load test

static pile test

Statnamic Testing

Staylathing
steam hammer
Steam Lead
steel
Steel H-Pile
steel pile
Steel Pipe Pile
Step-Tapered Pile

Stiffeners, Web

stiff-fissured clay
stiffness
Stinger
stirrups
stone
Stone Columns

Stop End Joint

Stope
Stoppers

strain

strain gauge, -- gage

Strapping
stratum
strength
stress
stress concentration
stress distribution
Stress, Effective
Stressing Length
stress-stain curve
Strike
Striker Plate
String Line
Stringer
strip foundation
Stroke
structural damage
structure
Strut

strut
subgrade
submerged unit weight

subsidence
subsoil
subsoil exploration

subsurface
Sub-surface Setttlement Point
suction
suitability test
sump

Sump Pump
support
supporting fluid
surcharge
Surcharge Force (Fo)
surface force
Surface Settlement Point
surface wave
survey
Surveyor

suspension
Swage Pile

Swinging Leads
Swivel Leads
system test
T.A.M.

Tack

Tangent Pile Wall

tank (container)
Taper Pile (steel)
TaperTube Piles

Tapette
Taywood Sheet Pile Driver-Extractor

Telescope Lead

Telltale

temperature
temporary anchor
Temporary Wall
tendon

tendon bond length

tendon free length

Tenon
tensile force
tensile strength
tensile stress
tension
Tension Capacity

tension crack

Tension Pile
tension pile
tension steel
Teredo
Termination Criterion

terrace deposits
test
Test Borings
test load
Test Loading
test micropile

test pile

Test Pit

test procedure
testing machine
Texas Quick Load Pile Test
texture

Theoretical Power (Pt)

theory
thermal properties

Thin Wall Shell Pile

thin wall tube sampler

thixotropy
Thread
Throttle Valve

tides
tie-back

Tieback Trumpet

Tiedown
tie-rod
tight
till

Tilt Meter

tiltmeter
timber pile

time-settlement curve

tip of the pile

Toe
Toe Elevation
toe failure

Toe Grouting

Toe Resistance
Tolerance
Top Block
Top Head
Top Man
Top Plate
top soil
Top-down Method

Torque
Torque Correlation

torsion
Total Stress Analysis
TPT Pile
Training Wall

transducer
Transferred energy
transition zone
Tremie

tremie concrete

Tremie Pipe

Tremie Plug

trench
Trench Cutter
Trepan
Trestle

trial micropile

trial pile
Triangular Lead
triangular load distribution

triaxial apparatus
triaxial cell

triaxial compression test

Tricone
Trip

Truss Leads

TTI Program

Tube Pile

tube--manchettes

two-way slab
U Lead
UBC
ULS

ultimate bearing resistance

Ultimate Bearing Value of Pile

Ultimate Bearing Value of Pile
Foundation
Ultimate Limit States Design
ultimate load
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV)

Unbalanced Force (Fv)

Uncased Concrete Pile
unconfined compression strength

unconsolidated-undrained test (quick

test)

Under the Roof method

underdrain
underground
underpinning

Under-Ream
underreamed pile

underseepage
underwater
Underwater Driving

undisturbed sample
undrained shear strength

uniaxial compression

unified soil classification

uniformity coefficient

uniformly graded soil

unit weight

Updown Method
uplift
Uplift Capacity

uplift piles
uplift pressure
USDOT
vacuum

vane apparatus
Vane Shear Test

varved clay
Vertical Earth Boring Machine
Vertical Travel Leads
vibrating extensometers
Vibrating wire strain gauge

vibration
Vibratory Driver/Extractors

Vibratory Hammer
vibratory pile driving
Vibro-compaction

Vibro-driveability (Vp)

vibroflotation

virgin compression curve

viscosity
visual inspection
void
void ratio

volcano
volume

volume change

Wakefield Pile

wale

wall friction
Wall Thickness
Wash Boring

wash water
washboring

water content

Water Jet
Water Table
water table fluctuation

Water to Cementitious Materials Ratio

water-bearing
water-cement ratio
waterlevel
watertight
Watertight Wall

wave

Wave Equation

wave length
Wave Speed
Wave Trace
wave velocity
Ways
weak soil
WEAP

weathering

wedge
wedging
weephole
weight loss
well
well casing
well point

well screen
wet-processed method

WFEO

Wharf

wharf structures
Wick Drain

Wide Flange
Wings
WMM -Wet Mixing Method or WSMM
-Wet Soil Mixing Method

wood
wood pile
wood preservates
workability

working level
Working Load
working micropile
working pile
x-rays
yield

yield point
yield stress
Young's modulus
zero point
zinc
zone of capillary saturation
zone of plastic flow of soil

zone of seepage
zone of swelling

DEFINITION
Abbreviation for Architect/Engineer or vice versa.
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
American Concrete Institute.
See Augered, Cast-in-Place Pile

Structural steel fabrication or iron casting placed in a pile helmet to adjust to a different type or
size of pile. Also called filler or insert.
The adhesion of soil to a foundation unit resulting from the freezing of soil water. Also referred to
as "frost grip."
The nearest piles to a given pile or location

The International Association of Foundation Drilling - Formerly the Association of Drilled Shaft
Contractors
Water bound to soil particles because of the attraction between electrical charges existing on
soil particle surface and (dipole) water molecules.
Trade name for a tapered steel unit for connecting pipe piles by driven friction.
Soil mainly composed of silt-sized particles of wind blown deposits. See also Loess, which is
aeolian soil.
ASEAN Federation of Engineering Organisations. Engineering Organization consisted of ten
national professional engineering organisation from ten ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian
Nations) countries
1. A telescoping structural member used to attach the bottom of the leads to the crane base and
used to position or batter leads in or out, left or right. Can be mechanically, hydraulically or
pneumatically operated; it is used with either fixed leads or semifixed leads. Also called Bottom
Brace, A-Frame, Spotter, Spreader Bar, Spider, Kicker, Stinger, Strut, Apron. 2. A structural
member used in bracing. See sketches in DFI Glossary of Terms Appendix B.

Colloquial term for driving a pile at an angle from the vertical where the bottom of the pile is
inclined toward the crane. Same as Negative Batter. See also Inclined Pile
American General Contractors Association

The ports on a diesel hammer which serve as both air intake and air exhaust ports.
Impact pile driver powered by compressed air or steam; action of machine may be single,
double, differential or compound.
Device for lifting slurry, suspended solids and drill cuttings from the bottom of a bentonite or
polymer slurry-filled excavation for a trench, coffer dam cell or drilled shaft. Usually, compressed
air is introduced into the slurry at the bottom of the excavation via a small pipe inside a larger
pipe. The upward airflow inside the larger pipe reduces slurry density. The higher density of the
surrounding slurry causes an upward flow inside the larger pipe that tends to lift material from
the bottom of the excavation.

Device use to control internal pressure of Pneumatic caissons.

The ports on a diesel hammer which serve as air intake and exhaust ports.

The maximum load permitted, considering structural strength, bearing capacity, horizontal
movement, code requirements, or measured settlement in a load test.
A sedimentary soil deposit that has been transported by water.
Mechanical device used to transfer load (tension or compression) from a superstructure to
supporting soil/rock

1. Piles driven behind retaining walls, and beyond the area where soil may slip, to which a
retaining wall's tie-back rods or cables are attached . See also Deadman. 2. Piles constructed
near test pile to anchor jacking beam (See also Reaction Pile).

A part fitted to the sides of a pile hammer which engage the rails of a set of leads to hold the
hammer in the leads. Also called Side Guides, Angle Iron Guides, Grooves, Gibs, Jaws, Ways.

Value used in soil analysis approximately equal to the angle formed by a naturally occurring pile
of cohesionless soil.

An irregular response or unexpected signals detected by non-destructive testing.

1. The part of a pile hammer seated directly under the ram which transmits the blow of the ram
to the pile or to the drive cap (also called Impact Block). 2. Steel plate on top of cushion
material in drive cap which impact block strikes. Also called Anvil Block, Penny, Striker Plate or
Top Plate. See Sketches in Appendix A.
American Petroleum Institute.

A telescoping structural member used to attach the bottom of the leads to the crane base and
used to position or incline leads in or out, left or right. Can be mechanically, hydraulically or
pneumatically operated; it is used with either fixed leads or semifixed leads. Also called Bottom
Brace, A-Frame, Spotter, Spreader Bar, Spider, Kicker, Stinger, Strut, Apron. 2. A structural
member used in bracing.

A soil layer that carrries water.

The amount by which water pressure in an aquifer that causes water to rise above the normal
groundwater table or the ground surface.

Subsurface water with sufficient pressure (head) to raise the water in a well or pipe above the
normal groundwater table or ground surface.
American Society of Civil Engineers.
American Society of Foundation Engineers.
American Society for Testing and Materials.

A type of fuel atomization used in a diesel hammer in which the raw fuel injected and trapped
between the ram and the anvil is atomized by impact of the ram on the impact block. The
hammer normally will have a time delay between impact and combustion.

A type of diesel fuel atomization used in a diesel hammer in which the fuel is atomized by an
injector. Combustion will normally occur prior to impact.
The liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index for soil. The water content where the soil
behavior changes from the semi-liquid to the plastic state is the liquid limit and from the plastic
to the semi-solid state is the plastic limit. Plasticity index is the numerical difference between
liquid limit and plastic limit and is the range of water content within which the soil behaves as a
plastic. For test method, see ASTM D4318.
1. A helically shaped corkscrew-like tool with a power driving head on top and a cutting head on
the bottom, designed to bore holes in the earth by drilling, either with or without the
supplementary use of water. 2. A hand operated soil sampler.

Sections of a continous flight auger "quick-coupled" together to form a continous auger. See
Continous Flight Auger
The point at which auger advance ceases, or slows to a predetermined rate due to the strength
of the soil or rock being drilled.
A proprietary name for an augered, cast-in-place (ACIP) pile
ACIP piles are constructed by rotating a continuous-flight, hollow-stem auger into the ground to
the specified bearing depth, or until the refusal criteria are reached. Fluid grout is then pumped,
under pressure, through the hollow stem and out of a port on the bit, as the auger is withdrawn
in such a way as to exert a positive grout pressure on the soil surrounding the drilled hole. ACIP
piles may be referred to by several other names, some of which are proprietary or used by
specific contractors. Some common names are auger cast, Auger Pressure Grouted (APG),
continuous flight auger (CFA), Augerpile, augered grout injected, augered uncased, and
uncased cast-in-place.

Electronic device to automatically record augered, cast-in-place pile installation data during
drilling and grouting.
American Wood Preservers' Association - Primary standards writing body for pressure treatment
of wood, including pressure-treated timber piling. American Wood Preservers Institute provides
technical assistance and use specifications. American Wood Preservers Bureau is concerned
with quality control of pressure treated wood.
American Welding Society.
Soil material placed into a space that has been excavated, such as against structures and in
pipe trenches, and in foundations.

Steel ring placed on inside of pipe to back-up a butt or bevel weld. Also called Chill Ring.

Wrapping timber piles with high-tensile steel bands to prevent splitting while driving. Also called
Strapping.
Cast-in-place concrete foundation element that may be reinforced, which is constructed in
various plan configurations (I, H, L, X shapes) and intended to primarily carry vertical loads. Also
called load-bearing element.
See Bottom Heave

Colloquial term for a pile installed on an incline. See Inclined Pile

The maximum load a pile can sustain by soil/rock resistance at the bottom of the pile. For
shallow foundations, it is the capacity of the soil/rock to carry load without excessive
deformation.
A supporting pile for a structure that can be of wood, concrete or steel in any number of shapes
and whose bearing is reached by toe or end bearing, friction, or friction and compaction, or a
combination. See End Bearing Pile

The maximum pressure that may be safely applied to a soil or rock by the foundation unit
considered in design under expected loading and subsurface conditions.
The pressure applied to a soil or rock by a foundation unit; it is equal to or smaller than the
allowable bearing pressure.
The contact surface between a foundation unit and the soil or rock upon which it bears.
A wall that supports vertical load, as floors or roof.
Solid rock as distinguished from boulders or layers.

Enlargement of the lower end of an augered or drilled pile, shaft or caisson to increase its
bearing area. Also called Under-ream.

An area enlarged around a soil anchor for added grout and resistance.
A large-diameter drilled shaft with an enlarged base. See also Caisson

Sodium montmorillonite, a mineral clay. A highly compressible colloidal clay which, when
introduced into certain soils, reduces their permeability. 1. Introduced in pellet form and tamped
into place to restrict water seepage. 2. Suspended in water to form a slurry, Bentonite Slurry,
helps to prevent earth from falling into an augered hole or excavated trench. 3. Provides
viscosity to suspend cuttings and helps seal walls of borings.

Sloping surface of soil providing lateral support to wall.

Butt weld where pieces to be joined have one or both edges beveled, because material is too
thick for electrode to penetrate for a required weld.

One form of segregation in concrete. A process that occurs in plastic-state concrete after placing
- Bleeding involves rising up of excess water in the concrete mix to the top surface of the
concrete. Excessive bleeding can cause high permeability and hig
The creosote, as on a pile surface, that resembles fresh paint which has been poured rather
than brushed. On hot days creosote will "bleed" out of the pile.

Device to form a recess or apperture in a poured concrete wall.

1. The observed blows of the pile hammer per increment of pile penetration. 2. Blows on soil
sampler in standard penetration test. See also N Value, and Penetration Resistance.
The person who monitors the number of the hammer blows for each increment of pile advance.
A method of removal of the soil(s) from the interior of open-ended piles. See also "Airlift"
Upward movement of soil material in the base of a cofferdam or excavation because of
groundwater pressure; normally associated with insufficient toe penetration of sheeting. Also
called Blowout, Boiling, Piping.
Soft, wet land underlain by decayed moss and vegetable matter and covered with grass and
vegetation.

See Blowing - Upward movement of soil material in the base of a cofferdam or excavation
because of groundwater pressure; normally associated with insufficient toe penetration of
sheeting. Also called Blowout, Blowing, Piping.

A post on a dock to take a ship's mooring lines.

Adhesion of concrete to reinforcing steel.
Length of a tieback, tiedown or a minipile that transmits the applied load to the surrounding soil
or rock.

An African hard wood utilized as a hammer cushion. Often used on offshore hammers.
See Drive Cap

A deep foundation that is constructed by methods other than driving. Also known as a pile,
drilled shaft, caisson, or cast-in-drilled-hole (CIDH) pile.

1. A hole in the earth produced by various methods. 2. The method of exploring subsurface
conditions by drilling or otherwise advancing a cased or uncased hole into the earth. Frequently,
soil or rock samples are extracted from the boring for classifica
Soil or rock material obtained from off site for use as fill on a construction project.
1. A telescoping structural member used to attach the bottom of the leads to the crane base and
used to position or incline leads in or out, left or right. Can be mechanically, hydraulically or
pneumatically operated; it is used with either fixed leads o
Upward movement of soil in the base of a large excavation.
A rock with a diameter that is greater than 200 mm (International Standard) or 300 mm (ASTM
D422)

The pressure in the air compressed by the upward moving piston of a closed-end double acting
diesel pile hammer.

Lead which is configured in the shape of a "U" with guiding rails for hammer in open portion of
the "U." Also called Steam Lead, "U" Lead. See sketches, Appendix B.
A pile made from two deep-arch sheet piles, channels or other structural steel shapes, welded
along their contact lines. The box pile may be driven open or closed ended and filled with
concrete or left empty.
Former designation for H-pile; now called HP.
1. A telescoping structural member used to attach the bottom of the leads to the crane's rotating
upper housing, and used to position or incline the leads in or out, left or right. Can be
mechanically, hydraulically or pneumatically operated; it is used
An inclined pile connected to a structure in such a way as to resist lateral forces.

A system of horizontal and/or inclined structural members fastened to the piles of a bent, group
or row to increase stability by resisting or distributing lateral forces to the structure. Bracing is
used extensively in trenches and sheet-pile cofferdams
A vertical steel pile with a horizontal steel beam welded near the top of the pile. These piles are
typically used in underpinning applications.
A wall built against a bank of earth or rock to prevent it from falling. See also Rip Rap - Large
pieces of hard rock placed on a slope to minimize wave wash and erosion.
The separation of fibers at the butt or tip of a wood pile caused generally by excessive or
improper driving, or timber of unsuitable quality. Can be controlled through the use of a pile
banding ring, driving cap with cushion blocks and a metal shoe for
Trade name for a concrete pile precast with short pieces of pipe at ends for adding lengths with
a tapered drive splicer.

Guide and regulations for design and construction of buildings and their supports.
See Settlement Point

A work constucted along a shore line of loose mounds or heaps of rubble, or masonry walls
supplemented with treated timber, steel of reinforced concrete sheet piling driven int the beach
and strengthened by wales and guide and brace piles. Intended as a

An inorganic silt of slight plasticity; quakes like jelly when subjected to vibration.

Trade name for a precast concrete tip about 17 in. diameter driven with a 14 in. heavy wall pipe.
For a cased pile a corrugated shell is lowered and fastened to the base and the pipe withdrawn.
For an uncased pile concrete is forced out the bottom as th

Welding two adjoining corresponding surfaces by setting them in a common place in exact
position to each other while assuring that their common axis is in a straight line. See also Bevel
Butt Weld
1. Reinforcing bars preassembled for quick placing in a pile or excavated slurry-wall trench. 2.
See Hairpin Lead - A structure in which a pile hammer is mounted to adapt it to box leads with
rails spaced wider than the hammer width.Offshore Leads - A pi
Compressed Air and Gas Institute
Originally a large structural chamber utilized to keep soil and water from entering into a deep
excavation or construction area. Caissons may be prefabricated and installed by being sunk in
place by adding weight and by systematically excaving below the
A gravity hammer which is mounted on top of a caisson and which contains a cushioning system
and a rudimentary lead. Also called Tapette.
See Caisson
Steel ingots or concrete blocks used to help sink a caisson. Also used as reaction weights for
test loading - load-test weights. See also Kentledge

Indicating that a pile has reached specified penetration and/or blow count - that the pile is
"home."
See Offshore Lead - A pile hammer lead which has an upper section wherein the hammer is
contained and a lower section which closely fits about and guides the pile. The hammer is
supported and aligned by the pile after engagement. The pile is usually sup
The opposite of its name - a wood handled tool with a hinged hook near the bottom for turning
piles or timbers. See also Peavy.

Used with deteriorated pile bents, usually timber; existing piles are cut off at good material, a
cap placed across them and support built up to the structure.
Steel accessory placed over a pile to prevent damage from driving. It is suspended beneath a
hammer by cables; it contains a well or recess on top for cushion material and for seating the
anvil, if used. The bottom is formed to accept a specific shape p
Blocks, stack or coils of material such as wood, plastic, compressed paper, aluminum, rope, etc.
which are placed in drive cap under a pile hammer to receive and absorb a portion of the impact
blow. See also Cap Material, Cushion Blocks, and Dolly.
The maximum or ultimate soil resistance mobilized by a foundation unit. See resistance,
ultimate
A factor used to modify (reduce) the calculated, factored bearing-capacity of a foundation unit.
The maximum or ultimate soil resistance mobilized by a loaded foundation unit, e.g., a footing,
or a pile. (The structural capacity of a foundation unit is the ultimate resistance of the unit itself
as based on the strength of the building materials.)
See capacity, bearing
The maximum or ultimate resistance mobilized by a foundation unit subjected to loading
perpendicular to the axis of the shaft.
The maximum or ultimate strength of the foundation unit.
The maximum or ultimate soil resistance mobilized by a foundation unit subjected to tension
(upward) loading.
Obsolete term. See "Hammer cushion."
Movement of groundwater that occurs through very small voids or channels in soil due to
capillary tension.

Title of a computer wave equation program derived from "CAse Pile Wave Analysis Program."
The software utilizes a signal matching technique in which the measurements from a Pile
Driving Analyzer (PDA) and theoretical results generated by the software are

A method that calculates static soil resistance (static ultimate pile capacity) from data recorded
by a Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) and estimated soil damping properties. See also "CAPWAP"

1. An open-end steel pipe installed by drilling, driving or vibrating to support the sides of a hole.
2. A pipe temporarily dropped or driven into an augered hole to prevent caving.
The blows, usually of a 300 pound hammer falling 18 in. onto a soil sampler casing while
making a soil boring.
A device used to slightly twist the casing back and forth around its longitudinal axis as the casing
is being drilled into the ground. A casing twister is occasionally used in drilled pile applications.
An open-end steel pipe installed by drilling, driving or vibrating to support the sides of a hole. 2.
A pipe temporarily dropped or driven into an augered hole to prevent caving.

A concrete pile poured (either with or without a metal casing) in its permanent location in the
ground. Also called Insitu Pile, or Caisson.
A rotating power driven spool or winch head. Used to lift a drop-hammer weight (140 lb or more)
to drive a casing or soil sampling tool and for soil penetration tests. The weight is usually raised
by wrapping a rope around the continuously-rotating cat h
A wooden float with sides, for carrying wood piles to a floating driver.
A means of protecting steel piles from corrosion by providing a consumable (sacrificial) anode or
by applying an external electrical potential.
Trade name for a thin-wall shell pipe driven with a mandrel striking on the point.

Cubic centimeter. Metric unit of volume.

A structure of interlocking steel sheet piling to make a self-sustaining cofferdam with separate
inside and outside walls. See also Circular-Type Cellular Cofferdam and Diaphragm-Type
Cellular Cofferdam.
Low strength mixture of cement, bentonite and water, which hardens with time.
High strength mixture of cement and water, which hardens with time.

Devices designed to keep reinforcing steel centralized in a shaft as concrete is placed. Typically
fabricated from steel bars, precast concrete blocks, or plastic mouldings.
In model pile testing a device to approximate gravity-induced horizontal stresses to compensate
for scale.
Cubic feet per minute.
Canadian Geotechnical Society.
A trade name for a structural connector for splicing H-piles.

A fluid chemical compound injected into soil or rock to improve its load-carrying capacity or
decrease its permeability.

Also called "hand dug caisson." See "Caisson"

Steel ring placed on inside of pipe to back-up a butt or bevel weld. Also called a Back-Up-Ring
Heavy steel tool used to soften or fracture rock or obstructions
A member, usually of timber, used as a separator between piles or timbers.

A pile hammer lead which has an upper section wherein the hammer is contained and a lower
section which closely fits about and guides the pile. The hammer is supported and aligned by
the pile after engagement. See also Off-shore Lead
A method of drilling through difficult overburden or rock employing heavy percussion by a starshaped cutting bit or chisel.
Construction Industry Manufacturers Association

A structure constructed of interlocking steel-sheet piling consisting of circular cells joined with
connecting arcs. The arcs are installed after the cells are completed; the cells and arcs are filled
with granular soils.. See Diaphragm-Type Cofferdam
In the direct circulation method, drilling fluid is pumped down a hollow drill pipe, around the drill
bit, and back to the surface in the annular space around the drill pipe and the cuttings are
carried to the surface by the flow. In the reverse circulat
Excavation bucket operated by cables or hydraulic rams.
A soil material with a cohesive strength that increases or decreases with changes in moisture.
The permiability of clay is very low. It is difficult to compact when wet, and impossible to drain by
ordinary means.
A percussion boring tool used in clay soils.
Also called clean-out bucket. A specially designed drilling bucket to clean the base of wetprocessed bored piles or drilled shafts
A piece of timber nailed to each corner of a timber sheeted pit to hold the adjoining timber
boards.

Specification which describes the end product and how it is to be achieved. Usually used for
permanent walls

Soil types that have particles large enough to be seen without visual assistance. The coarsegrained materials include the sand and gravel (or larger) soil particles.
A rock fragment of 3 to 12 inches in size, usually rounded by weathering and abrasion.
A proprietary, segmented steel mandrel designed to be pneumatically expanded inside of a thin,
round, corrugated metal shell to hold it while driving.

Nondimensional coefficient of cushion materials which accounts for the energy absorbing
characteristics of the material. The value of "e" lies between 1 and 0.
A structure which is built to exclude earth and water from an area in order that work may be
performed there under reasonably dry conditions. A cofferdam does not have to be entirely
watertight to be successful. It may be cheaper to permit some flow into

The bonding or attraction between particles of fine-grained soil that enhances shear strength
and is independent of effective pressure.
A soil, sand, that when unconfined has little or no strength when air-dried and that has little or no
cohesion when submerged.

Discontinuity in concrete caused by a disruption or delay in the placement of the concrete.

A soil that has been formed by movement of soil from its original place by gravity.

The time between impact and combustion in an impact atomization diesel pile hammer.

A cast-in-place pile formed with an enlarged base. Dry concrete in the base is placed in small
batches, which are compacted by heavy blows while plastic. See Enlarged Base-1. A pile base
reamed out or enlarged by driving out successive charges of dry co
The process of increasing the density or unit weight of a soil by preloading, rolling, tamping,
vibrating, or other mechanical means.
Ground improvement method in which loose soils are densified by the injection of low-slump
grout at high pressure.

A pile made up of two or more types or sizes of piles joined together. The connection between
the components is designed to transmit load and to prevent separation during and after
construction. See also Spliced Pile - A pile composed of two or more segm
Colloquial term for the preferred "Compound Inclination Pile".
Inclined pile driven at an angle in two directions from the main direction of the piles. Also "Skew
Inclination"

Pile hammer leads designed to withstand compressive forces from pile extraction operation (i.e.,
as used in pulling sand drains or mandrels).

pile to resist compression forces

Distance traveled by diesel hammer ram compressing cylinder gas. Measured from bottom of
air intake port to point of impact.

A computer program used to solve the wave equation as applied to pile driving and specifically
to attempt to predict the optimum hammer size and pile length to acquire a desired ultimate
bearing value of a pile. See also WEAP - Wave Equation Analysis of

Measuring the dry materials for a concrete mix (usually by weight) to control the quality of the
mix.
Distance from closest reinforcing bar face to the surface of the concrete

See CPT

Panel cast with one end against a previously cast panel.

Densification of soil by mechanical means, involving expulsion of water.

A load test technique that involves applying a load to the pile in such a manner that the pile top
(head) experiences a constant rate of displacement. The force and displacement are recorded
at short intervals, so that a force/displacement curve may be pl

A proprietary means of attaching horizontal timber lagging to the face of steel soldier piles as
excavation proceeds.
Walls formed by closely-spaced piles installed by augered, cast-in-place method or bored castin-place method. Typically used as earth-retaining walls. Also called tangent pile walls.
A pneumatic, electric or hydraulic drilling machine to which is connected a string of helical
augers and a cutting head, used to bore holes in the earth, into which a pile section or a tieback
is set or concrete is cast-in-place.
Joint provided in concrete members to control contraction as concrete sets.

A diesel hammer which can be operated either open-end (single-acting) or closed-end (doubleacting).

A pile formed by removing earth prior to pile installation.

Continuation of a soil boring into rock; a core may be recovered for examination and testing.
See also Dry Sampling - A method of sampling soil by boring a hole in the ground with a
sampler or sample spoon attached to the end of the auger. The object i
Panel, not linear in plan, used to accomplish change in direction of wall.

Cycles per minute - A measure of frequency.

Cone Penetrometer Test; see publications by P.K. Robertson.
Piezocone; Cone Penetrometer Test with pore pressure measurements.

A structure which slides on the rails of pile driver leads and carries the hammer forward of the
lead rails.

A timber pile impregnated with coal tar creosote to minimize deterioration.

The on-site personnel who will physically install piling on a project, including the crane crew, as
applicable. Also call Dockbuilders, Bridgemen or Pile Bucks.
A structure built of round or square timbers, or reinforced precast concrete members, laid in
courses with the pockets filled with riprap or rubble.

Top section of a fixed, semi-fixed or extended pile driver lead with sheaves for carrying lines
holding pile and hammer over top of leads. See Appendix B. Also call Head Block, Sheave
Head Assembly, or Top Head.
A down-hole quality assurance test in which the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) through the
foundation material is measured at closely spaced intervals over the full depth of the foundation
to assess uniformity. Requires access tubes or boreholes over the
1. The downward thrust of Kelly bar or auger caused by mechanical reaction against the weight
of the boring rig. It is used when boring becomes difficult in hard soil formations. 2. Lateral thrust
to hold a pile in position when it tends to drift.
See Constant Rate of Penetration
A barrette having a shape of a cross (Illustration in appendix B). See also Barrette.

See Crosshole Sonic Logging.

A tapered or step-tapered pile.

A non-load bearing wall constructed underground to impede the flow of water as: 1. Under
stream beds in arid regions to extend to the surface to form a reservoir; 2. Under earth dams to
prevent underscour; 4. Under earth or concrete levees. May be made o
Cushion placed between drive cap and top of concrete pile to protect pile from crushing and
spalling. Also called Pile Cushion, Pad.

Blocks, stack or coils of material such as wood, plastic, compressed paper, aluminum, rope, etc.
which are placed in drive cap under a pile hammer to receive and absorb a portion of the impact
blow. Same as Cap Material, Dolly.
The material placed on a pile head to cushion the impact of the driving hammer.

The excess portion of a pile above cut-off elevation.

The elevation of the top of the pile as shown on the contract drawing.
A structure constructed, underground, to impede the flow of water as: 1. Under stream beds in
arid regions to extend to the surface to form a reservoir; 2. Under earth dams to prevent trickles
from developing into dangerous channels; 3. Under concrete dam

Additional metal placed as an inside or outside cast steel ring or welded plate at the bottom of
an open-end pile or caisson to strengthen the tip.
Centrifugal device used to remove fine soil particles suspended in bentonite slurry.

1. The point at which the cylinder of a double-acting air or diesel pile hammer begins to lift or
"float." 2. The point at which the force of fluid in the hammer overcomes the weight of the
hammer casing or cylinder.
A structure constructed to obstruct the flow or impound water.
A coefficient that is determined as the ratio of a force to velocity. In dynamic testing of piles, the
damping factors are the following types: (1) Smith Damping factor (presented by E.A. Smith,
1960) is defined as the ratio of a force to a velocity. (2)
Incision or notch cut in timber into which the head of a pile or other timber is fitted.

1. Piles driven behind retaining walls, and beyond the area where soil may slip, to which a
retaining wall's tie-back rods or cables are attached. 2: Piles driven near test pile to anchor
jacking beam (Also called Reaction Pile or Anchor Pile).

Removal of a load in steps at completion of test loading.

A foundation unit that provides support for the structure by transferring loads either by endbearing to soil or rock at considerable depth below the structure or by side friction in the soil or
rock in which it is placed. Piles are the most common type
Ground improvement method in which a cement based slurry is injected and mixed with the
weak soils to increase the strength of such soils

The weight or mass per unit of volume. In reference to soil, the term usually indicates weight
per unit volume and is synonymous with unit weight
The span between the loosest void ratio and the actual void ratio divided by the span between
the loosest and densest void ratios.

Distance from the ground surface to the depth at which a pile is held firmly by the soil.

Device used to remove sand and silt particles suspended in bentonite slurry
Equipment used to filter and/or remove suspended solids from bentonite slurry prior to its reuse.
Drying of soils.

Drawing prepared to show intent of the work. Drawing is not sufficiently detailed to be used for
construction.
The professional organization responsible for the design, plans and specifications to fulfill the
scope of work to be performed to successfully complete the design of a project. The firm may
also monitor and observe the construction of the project. See
The load designed for a pile; also Service load. Must be smaller than the allowable load.

Variation from the designated plan location or elevation.

1. The procedure utilized to remove water from a construction area such as pumping from an
excavation or location where water covers the planned working surface. 2. The procedure used
to lower the groundwater table in order to obtain a "dry" area in the
Deep Foundations Institute

A watertight concrete cut-off wall or a combination concrete structural cut-off wall tremie poured
in an excavated and fluid (bentonite slurry) filled trench. See also Slurry Structural Wall, and
Cutoff Wall
A structure made of steel sheet piles with each of the inner and outer walls consisting of a series
of arc segments, which are connected at their intersections with diaphragms that extend through
the cofferdam to form a series of cells. The cells are fil
A pile hammer, which carries its own diesel fuel to generate power internally.
A diesel pile hammer in which the upward flight of the ram is arrested by compressing air, above
the ram to form an "air spring." Also called Double Acting Diesel Hammer.
A diesel pile hammer in which the upward flight of the ram is arrested by gravity. Also called
Single-Acting Diesel Hammer.
Title of a proprietary computer program for solving wave equations for diesel hammers.
Undesirable precombustion of the fuel in a diesel pile hammer (usually due to overheating or
improper fuel). Also called Prefiring, Preignition.

A fluid -powered hammer in which fluid lifts the ram on the up stroke and is exhausted into and
combined with additional fluid entering over the piston to take advantage of differential piston
areas to accelerate the ram and to act in concert with gravity
An impervious barrier to control movement of water.
Angle of inclination a fault stratum makes with the horizontal plane. See also Strike -The
direction of a geologic boundary exposed at the ground surface relative to North.
A counter-flow method of circulating drilling fluid and spoil in a drill hole. In the direct circulation
method drilling fluid is pumped down a hollow drill pipe, around the drill bit, and back to the
surface in the annular space. See also Reverse Circul
Hollow stem chisel with provision for introducing bentonite slurry under pressure at the head of
the drill in order to remove drill cuttings.

Should actually be "Free-hanging (double) displacement amplitude". See illustration #13.

A solid pile, or hollow pile, driven with the lower end closed, which displaces an equivalent soil
volume by compaction or by lateral or vertical displacement of the soil, such as timber, closedend pipe or precast concrete piles. A Franki Pile.

A sample of soil taken without effectively minimizing disturbance of the soil mass.

A Deep Soil Mixing Method (or DSMM) in which powdered reagent is pneumatically delivered
into the ground by using compressed air in order to mix it with in situ soils forming thus a soil
reagent column. The chemical reaction of the soil and stabilising re

A soil modification technique in which the soil can be stabilised either by forming columns of
stabilised soils (soil stabilisation) or by stabilising the entire soil volume (mass stabilisation) by
means of a mixture in situ with cementitious (cement, lim

The on-site personnel who will physically install piling on a project, including the crane crew, as
applicable. Also called Bridgemen, Pile Bucks, or Pile Crew.
A pile curved or bent during driving.
Block, stack or coils of material such as wood, plastic, compressed paper, aluminum, rope, etc.
which are placed in drive cap under a pile hammer to receive and absorb a portion of the impact
blow. Also called Cap Material, Pile Cushion.
1. A cluster of piles driven and bound together at the top to protect bridge piers and docks from
heavy marine traffic. 2. A marine structure founded on piles used to moor, anchor, breast or
turn a vessel. 3. A large diameter pile or casing to accompl
An empty closed-end tubular section, driven into the ground within operating radius of a pile rig.
Corrugated shell is lowered into the hole to facilitate inserting a mandrel, thereby allowing the
use of shorter leads or longer lengths of shell. The she
Two sheet piles, interlocked and tack welded then handled together for installation and pulling.

See Diesel Hammer.

A pile hammer in which fluid lifts the ram on the up stroke and additional fluid, redirected by
valving, acts in concert with gravity on the down stroke.
Reinforcing steel bar projecting from the top or face of the wall intended for connection of
additional reinforcement or concrete at a later time.
A percussion hammer that is lowered down a cased pile hole to break up rock below the casing
tip to form a rock socket.
The transfer of load (dragload) to a deep foundation unit by means of negative skin friction,
when soil settles in relation to the unit.

The load transferred to a deep foundation unit by negative skin friction, occurring when the soil
settles in relation to the foundation unit.
Space provided between wall and interior finish wall for collection of seepage from a slurry wall
or structural support.

The lowering of the level of the groundwater table that occurs as a work area is dewatered for
construction. Also lowering water behind a dam.

Excavating underwater, usually with floating equipment; it may be an elevator ladder, hydraulic
suction, grapple, grab or dipper bucket, scraper, dragline, clam shell or backhoe.
A deposit of loose detrital materials, fragments of rocks, boulders, sand, gravel, clay or other
soils driven together by ice, wind or water. See also Glacial Till - Materal deposited by
glaciation, usuallly a wide range of particle sizes, not subjected

1. A metal rod driven into a hole bored in timber, the hole having a smaller diameter than the
rod; usual purpose is to hold two or more timbers together. 2. In steel erection a tapered "drift
pin" is used to align holes at connections.
A sheeted pit excavated laterally from within a main pit.

A larger diameter, up to 10 ft or more, opening excavated to bearing strata and filled with
concrete - either cased or uncased.
See Drilled Shaft
Concrete pile cast-in-place in an augered hole, which may be belled at the bottom. Suitable
where soil is dry and hole will stand open. Also called Drilled Pier, Drilled Pile, Bored Pile.
An open-end pipe driven to rock, cleaned out and a socket drilled into rock to receive a steel
core (H,WF or bars) then socket and pipe are filled with concrete. Core, concrete and pipe
contribute to high load carrying capacity.

Height of fall of a drop hammer weight (140 lb or more) to drive a casing or soil sampling tool.
The weight is usually raised by wrapping a rope around a powered continuously rotating spool or
"cathead." The weight is raised by holding the rope taut th

A closed rotary boring tool with its cutting edge at its base. Spoil is removed from the bucket by
swinging it to one side of the bore and releasing the hinged bottom of the bucket.

Steel accessory placed over a pile to prevent damage from driving.

See illustrations #1, 2, & 3.
A cast or fabricated steel shoe which may be pointed and is fixed to the pile shaft at the tip for
easier driving, improved penetration, protection against damage in dense material or boulders
and improved bearing at the tip. Also called Driving Point, P
steel tube used to displace the ground during the formation of a driven cast in place pile. Drive
tube is withdrawn
during concreting
A steel collar used for splicing pipe piles. The "drive-fit" simply means that both pieces of pipe fit
inside the collar and after the first blow of the hammer, the fit is tight due to the taper of the
inside of the collar. Does not normally require wel
pile which is forced into the soil by driving, the soil being displaced by the pile or drive tube
method to bring the piles into the ground to the required depth, such as hammering, vibrating,
pressing, screwing
or by a combination of these or other methods
The theoretical driving force delivered to the pile. Also known as "rated driving force". See
illustration #10
1. Requirement for resistance of a pile to penetration, stated in blows per increment of depth.
2. Required tip elevation of pile. See also Refusal-The condition reached when a pile or soil
sampler being driven by a hammer has negligible penetration pe
See Dynamic Formula.
Driving frequency is usually given in (Hz), is the number of revolutions per second of the
eccentric masses (within the vibratory Driver).See illustration #8
See Drive Cap
Field Record of each driven pile including location number, hammer model, pile type, blow count
per unit of penetration, final resistance, driven length, etc. Also called Log or Pile Log.
See Drive Shoe.

A weight configured to slide in pile hammer leads or within a hollow pile which has a formed bale
or swivel at its top by which it can be mechanically lifted and dropped to drive pile. Also called a
Gravity Hammer.

A method of sampling soil by augering a hole in the ground with a sampler or sample spoon
attached to the end of the auger. The object is to obtain a complete undisturbed sample of the
natural soil for analysis. Also call Core Borings.

A mixture of sand and cement with just enough water to form a ball with compressed by hand.
This mixture is generally rammed between foundations and underpinning to form full bearing
contact.
Excavation or drilling method for bored piles or drilled shaft construction. Borehole is drilled
under dry conditions without introducing slurry. Applicable in soil and/or rock where the shaft is
to be formed above the groundwater level, or impervious mat

Method of advancing a borehole whereby the drill rods and casing are inserted simultaneously
by rotary or rotary-percussive technics. The drill cuttings / slurry return through the annulus
between the rods and casing in order to minimize loss of ground.

Y-type rigging system, to operate diesel hammer with a single hosting cable of the crane, which
supports both the lead and hammer.
A device for measuring resistance to penetration of a point, calibrated to indicate approximate
load-bearing strength of a pile. Often called Dutch Cone Penetrometer or CPT
Pile hammer leads composed of two holes or pipes which are loosely coupled at the boom point
and the base and the hammer is guided between the pipes.

Ground improvement method in which loose granular soils are densified at depth by the
dropping of a heavy weight at ground surface in a planned grid pattern.

Force applied to a pile by a rotating eccentric weight vibratory pile driver/extractor.

A mathematical equation which calculates the static load carrying capacity of a pile from the
energy per blow of the pile hammer and the observed set of the pile. It includes terms for pile
weight to ram-weight ratio, pile rebound, and cushion properties.

The mass that moves/vibrates during pile installation, i.e. weight of excitor block, hydraulic
clamp and pile. Usually given in (kg). See illustration #11.
The determination of the capacity, impact force, transferred energy, etc. of a driven pile, using
analysis of measured stress waves induced by the driving of the pile.
The recording of strain and acceleration induced in a pile during driving and presentation of the
data in terms of stress and transferred energy in the pile, as well as of estimates of capacity,
impact force, hammer rise etc.
See Dynamic Pile Monitoring

Rods or cables installed into the adjacent soil mass or rock. Portion beyond zone of active
pressure is pressure grouted to hold a soldier pile or similar walled excavation. The anchors
may be installed horizontally or at a slope. See Appendix C.
1. A helically shaped corkscrew-like tool with a power driving head on top and cutting head on
the bottom designed to bore holes in the earth by drilling, either with or without the
supplementary use of water. 2. A hand operated soil sampler.
Normally used in reference to the lateral pressure or force imposed by a soil mass against an
earth-supporting structure such as a retaining wall or basement wall, or on a fictitious vertical
plane located within a soil mass. The coefficient of earth pre
Load that does not bear axially on the pile, usually due either to the pile being driven out of
plumb or plan location or the actual imposed load condition.
Also called "unbalanced moment" and even "static moment". See Illustration #7

Engineering Institute of Canada

Engineering Institute of Thailand
Alteration in length of a pile, or structural member due to load (reduction for compression piles,
elongation for tension piles). An important factor in evaluating apparent pile movements under
test load. Also called Elastic shortening, Elongation.

The vertical location of a point relative to a fixed reference (i.e., sea level plus or minus x).

1. The length of the pile from the surface of the ground or from the cutoff below the ground to the
tip of the pile. 2. Extent of penetration of the top into the pile cap.

Protective cover for steel or timber pile. This usually is concrete, added at the water or ground
line, where all types of piles are most vulnerable to corrosion and insect attack. Also called Pile
Encasement.
Support provided by the lower end or toe of a deep foundation.
A plate or point attached to the toe of a pipe or shell pile.
The static soil resistance at the pile end to loading. Also called Toe Resistance.
Round pipe or shaped device placed at the ends of a panel excavation prior to placement of
concrete and withdrawn from the excavation after the concrete has set, providing smooth
surfaces at the ends of the panel.
Device to withdraw end stop after the concrete has achieved initial set.
A pile that supports the major portion of the load placed upon it by end or toe bearing on a firm
stratum existing at some depth below the ground surface.

The kinetic energy delivered by a hammer ram to the anvil of a pile driving helmet.
The nominal energy calculated as the maximum height (stroke) of the hammer ram times the
weight of the ram.
The energy transferred from the hammer to the pile through the helmet and cushions and
measured in dynamic monitoring.
A geologist, who may also have engineering training, specializing in the application of geology to
engineering problems.

One of many dynamic formulae for estimating the static load bearing capacity of a driven pile.
R = 2E / + 0.1 [Where: E = Energy in ft-lbs; S = Set in inches/blow; R = Allowable pile capacity
in pounds with a presumed factor of safety of 6]
1. A pile base reamed out or enlarged by driving out successive charges of dry concrete or
gravel from the base of an open-ended driving tube to form a bulb. This has the effect of
increasing the bearing area of the pile and compacting the soil. 2. Pre

A two (or more) part resin that, when mixed, produces a high-strength bonding material.

A term applied to a lead in which the hammer is mounted in front of the lead. Also called Mast
Lead, Monkey Stick, Truss Lead, Triangular Lead. See Appendix B

A space created by the removal of soil or rock for the purpose of construction.

1. The outlet fluid path of all powered hammers. 2. The combined air inlet and exhaust ports of a
diesel pile hammer.
See Enlarged Base.

A pile with a mechanical device for expanding the bottom to increase bearing capacity or
resistance to uplift.
This type of soil undergoes volume changes upon wetting and drying, capable of causing
damage to buildings and pavements. Expansive soils mostly occur in arid and semiarid areas.
Found in large areas of Southwest and Western United States.

The force exerted on a pile by the explosion of the diesel fuel, which is equal to the gas pressure
created by the explosion times the area of the cylinder bore.
Helical anchorage/foundation component installed immediately following the helical lead section.
Extensions consist of a steel shaft of finite length without helix plates. It is installed following
the installation of the helical lead section or extensi
Geotechnical Instrument used to measure displacement and strains in soil, rock, and cast-inplace bored piles.

Pulling to withdraw previously installed pile from the ground. Usually done with an impact pile
extractor or a vibratory pile driver/extractor.
A device for pulling piles out of the ground. It may be an inverted steam or air hammer with yoke
so equipped as to transmit upward blows to the pile body or a specially built extractor utilizing
this principle. Vibratory hammers are especially effectiv
The ratio of maximum available resistance or of the capacity to the allowable stress or load.
The capacity of a foundation unit, as determined by geotechnical formula using factored soil
strength parameters, or, when the capacity is determined in a field-test loading or calculated
from penetrometer data, the failure load multiplied by a performanc
The load applied to a foundation unit, multiplied by an appropriate load factor (Typically greater
than unity, or as specified in the relevant code).
Resistance to loading, multiplied by an appropriate resistance factor (Typically less than Unity, or
as specified in the appropriate local code.)
Shear strength parameter modified (reduced) by resistance factors for cohesion and friction, as
used in ultimate limit states design.

1. Movement of the pile foundation or any part thereof, either as vertical settlement or laterally,
to such an extent that objectionable damage results to the structure supported by the
foundation. 2. Failure of a pile or piles to pass a load test.

1. Temporary piles used to support falsework in construction of cast-in-place concrete bridges

or for supporting superstructure units until they are bolted, riveted or welded in place or
otherwise self-supporting in the permanent structure. 2. Piles us

A system of temporary piles, temporary walers and bracing, or a prefabricated structure to

temporarily support elements of a permanent structure during construction.
1. A long bundle of sticks of wood bound together and used for such purposes as filling ditches
and making parapets. 2. Woven willow mattress used along river banks and during river pier
construction to minimize scour.
A planar fracture in the otherwise continuous rock of the earth's crust.
The face of a metal plate, end of timber, etc., that joins another surface so closely as to leave no
space between them
A protective system built to prevent marine traffic from damaging bridge piers and docks.
A horizontal member resting on and framed to the top or side of fender piles.
Treated wooden pile and timbers used in a fender system. Note that untreated piles are often
used for ferry slips. Also call Guard Pile
Piles and/or timbers used as guides adjacent to a bridge opening or dock and along the face of
a wharf seawall or other waterfront structures to absorb shock from vessel impact, and so
minimize damage to both structure and vessel.
Fellow of the Geological Society of London
Federal Highway Administration.
1. Soil or other material placed in an excavation or other area to raise the surface elevation or to
provide a more stable base. Fill materials are usually selected for low compressibility and good
stability, and may include rock, rubble, slag or other d
Structural fabrication or casting placed in a driving helmet to adjust to a different type or size of
pile. Also called Adaptor or Insert.

A coating of natural soil or bentonite suspension which lines the walls of an excavation,
particularly in permeable ground, where bentonite or soil slurry has been used as a stabilizing
medium during its construction.
Device used to measure the filtration and filter cake development of bentonite slurry.

Water loss from bentonite slurry applied under pressure against a filter.
The number of blows per inch, foot or other unit length of measure at which the driving of the
pile or soil sampling device was stopped.
The net penetration a pile moves under one blow or a specified series of blows at the end of
driving. (Reciprocal of final blow count)
Refers to silt and clay-sized particles which exist in a soil mixture. See also Coarse-Grained
Soils.

Steel plates or timbers bolted across a joint to make a splice.

1. A device shaped like a fish tail to better utilize jetting water. 2. A reaming bit used on the end
of a flight auger.
Slotted plates fastened to the sides of a pile hammer to engage the heads of template
supported sheet pile, to keep the hammer centered upon and in vertical alignment with the pile
to permit the hammer's operation free-hanging. See also Hairpin - A gravi

A Barge-mounted pile driver.

Condition where dispersed clay particles form agglomerates or clumps

A graphical method used to study the hypothetical flow of water through a soil. It is utilized to
indicate the paths of travel followed by moving water and the hydraulic pressures resulting from
such water flow.
Cementitious low strength, self-leveling, low viscosity material used to backfill in areas where it
would otherwise be difficult to place and compact normal soil backfill. Compressive strength of
material is generally lower than 300 psi to allow for futur
The path of travel traced by moving water as it flows through a soil mass.

Steam, air, combustion gases or hydraulic oil used to move the ram of a hammer to drive a pile.
Also called Motive Flluid.
An admixture used in augered, cast-in-place pile grout that promotes flowability, reduces water
requirements, reduces bleeding and segregation, can increase strength and provides expansion
in the plastic state. Is usually specified by quoting ASTM C 937
A hard, fine, pozzolanic residue from coal combustion often used as an admixture in concrete.
1. A pile hammer held by a crane line, without leads and used to drive a supported pile. Also
called free-hanging hammer, swinging hammer or wild hammer. 2. Vibratory hammers operate
in this manner. See Sketches, Appendix B.

Steel accessory placed over a pile to prevent damage from driving. It contains a well or recess
on top for cushion material and for seating the anvil, if used. The bottom is formed to accept a
specific shape pile, along with its cushion if used. The out
A member interposed between a pile hammer and a pile to transmit blows when the pile head is
below the reach of the hammer. Also called a Dolly.
The lower end of a driven pile, pile tip.
See Footing
Type of foundation typically installed at a shallow depth and constructed to provide an area of
bearing on the supporting soil or rock.
The energy in foot-pounds delivered per blow by the ram of a pile hammer.
Colloquial term for inclination of the pile toe away from the pile driver. Also called Positive Batter
or Forward Batter.
The supervisor of a pile crew.

A system or arrangement of structual members through which the loads from a building are
transferred to supporting soil or rock

A weldment bracket typically used as part of a Helical Foundation System to stabilize, and
sometimes elevate, a structure that has experienced foundation settlement. The bracket is used
to connect the foundation of a structure to an installed Helix Screw
A relatively long, slender colulmn installed in the ground to generate support from friction along
its periphery and/or end bearing on firm material.
One of the structural members of the foundation of a building such as a footing, raft, or pile.
A unit that provides support for a structure by transferring load or stress to the soil at depth
considerably larger than the width of the unit. A pile is the most common type of deep
foundation.

A proprietary name for a pile constructed with an expanded base of compacted concrete.

See Flying Hammer

See set-up.
Stones placed in a trench to form a space for surplus water while it percolates into the soil.

The number of vibrations or oscillations occurring in one second, designated Hertz (Hz).

A pile which derives most or all of its resistance to load by the friction developed between the
side surface of the pile and the soils through which it is driven.
A pile that achieves support from the combination of side friction and toe (end) bearing.

The depth below the surface to which moisture filled soils may freeze. Foundations must be
carried to below the frost line to minimize danger of frost heave. Also called Frost Penetration.
The phenomenon occurring when water in soil is subjected to freezing and thawing. Freezing,
because of the water-ice phase change or ice lens growth, results in a total volume increase and
/or the build-up of expansive forces under confined conditions, an

Frost heave refers to the vertical soil movement which occurs in freezing temperatures as ice
layers or lenses form within the freezing soil and caused the soil mass to expand. See also Frost
Action, and Heave.
Soil in which significant ice-segregation will occur, resulting in frost heave or heaving pressures,
when requisite moisture and freezing conditions exist.
General Contractor
A device at the base of the pile hammer leads which is closed around the pile to maintain
alignment between the pile and leads. See also Pile Gate.

Semi-rigid colloidal suspension of a solid in a liquid.

The generic name for a geosynthetic product from a polymeric (plastic) material extruded into
long, connected, open-ended tubes in a honeycomb arrangement.
The generic name for a geosynthetic product consisting of numerous, closed cells created in an
expansion or foaming process using a gas called a blowing agent. Geofoam materials may be
polymeric (plastic), cementitious or glass in composition.

An engineer with specialized training and knowledge of soils and rocks, employed to do soil
investigations, design of structure foundations and provide field observation.

Geo Institute branch of American Society of Civil Engineers.

1. The guides that attach a diesel hammer and its tripping device to a spud lead. 2. Parts
attached to the sides of a pile hammer which engage the rails of a set of leads to hold the
hammer in the leads. Also called Channel Guides, Side Guides, Angle Iro
Sometimes applied to a separate mast or boom used to hoist piles or other heavy objects.
Geotechnical Interpretation Report. A report presenting geotechnical information and
interpretation to derive design parameters based on sub-surface investigation data. A GIR is
typically prepared for very large infrastructure projects.

A stiffening member passing around the outside of a structure, or part of a structure, for the
purpose of strengthening or protecting it.

Material deposited by glaciation, usually a wide range of particle sizes, not subjected to the
sorting action of flowing water.
A short piece of timber placed between bracing and a pile as a filler.
A two-segment mandrel actuated by a hydraulic cylinder pulling on cables which pass over
sheaves in a manner to force the two segments apart to hold a corrugated shell for driving.
Plug-like device placed in a tremie pipe prior to placement of concrete in the pipe. Device is
intended to prevent concrete from mixing with bentonite slurry or water during initial placement
of concrete. Typically formed of foam rubber or polystyrene
The low man or woman on the construction crew who goes for parts, supplies, or tools, as
instructed.
A short cylinder of steel plate large enough for a man to work inside; as excavation proceeds,
smaller cylinders are set inside until bearing stratum is reached. The telescoped cylinders are
withdrawn as concrete is placed.
Gallons per minute, hour or day. A unit of measurement of the flow of liquids.
Ground Penetrating Radar.
See Clamshell bucket.

1. The elevation of the natural gound level of any point on the project site. 2. The cut-off
elevation of the pile. 3. The average level of finished ground adjoining a building at all exterior
walls

Small stones or fragments of stone generally smaller than 3 in. and larger than 1/4 in. size.

A weight configured to slide in pile hammer leads or within a hollow pile, which has a formed
bale or swivel at its top by which it can be mechanically lifted and dropped to drive the pile. Also
called Drop Hammer.

A very hard, naturally durable wood sometimes used for piling; native to the Amazon area. Less
durable than pressure treated wood, especially in resisting marine borers.
See Pile Template
A framework of structural horizontal members crossed in layers and placed on the tops of piles
or pile caps to support a structural load.

Angular, rough, hard particles of sand, gravel or crushed stone in a loose form.
1. A structure built out from, perpendicular to or making an angle with the shoreline. Generally
built of pressure treated close timber piling, sheet piling driven between guide wales and piles,
or horizontal courses of plank held between vertical timber
A method of freezing the ground in order to provide temporary excavation support and prevent
groundwater from entering into the excavation. Pore water in the soil is frozen by cooling the
ground by circulating a refrigerant (usually calcium chloride brin

Variety of methods of improving weak soils. See dynamic compaction, chemical grouting, jet
grouting, compaction grouting, deep soil mixing, vibro-compaction.

Seismic waves created by transmission of energy through the into the earth. The resulting
ground motion is characterized by four main parameters; displacement, velocity, acceleration,
and frequency.
Water present in saturated soils.

The upper surface of the zone of saturation in the ground.

A confined body of water under a pressure which gives a level of hydrostatic pore pressure
(phreatic elevation) higher than the ground surface or the normal groundwater table.

A mixture of cement and water or chemicals: for filling voids it is made very thin for pumping
under pressure. Rock flour, clay, or sand may be added to cement grout for economy. Cement
Grout can be used to improve the tips of piles, and as an adhesive

The ratio of the actual volume of grout placed in an ACIP pile, to the theoretical volume of the
shaft. Usually expressed as a percentage. See also Overtake.
The pumping pressure maintained when placing grout in an ACIP pile.
The moment at which grout is observed on the auger flights at the ground surface as the auger
is being withdrawn during the placement of grout in an ACIP pile.

1. Shafts constructed by pumping grout through a hollow-stem auger. Also called Augered castin-place (ACIP) Auger Pressure Grouted (APG) or Auger pressure grouted displacement
(APGD) piles. 2. Drilled shafts that have had grout pumped in at high-pressure

Grout is pressure-injected into deposits of rock containing fissures, cavities, seams, etc; to
solidify and strengthen the formation; to reduce or eliminate a flow of water through the
formation; to reduce the hydrostatic uplift under a structure such as
See Fender Pile
That part of the pile hammer leads forming a pathway for the hammer, and consisting of parallel
members, which mate with side channels of a pile hammer. Also called Lead Rails, Hammer
Guides.
Shallow concrete walls placed on either side of the alignment of a slurry wall to provide vertical
and horizontal alignment control for the excavation and subsequent support of the reinforcing
steel cage and/or other elements to be placed in the trench.
A dark-colored, very sticky, highly plastic clay, occurring abundantly in the central and southern
parts of the U.S.A.
A line that steadies a high piece or structure by pulling against an off-center load
A standard steel-erecting derrick, with guyed mast and a hinged boom at its base, both able to
swivel on the base.
A gravity hammer in the shape of an inverted "U" used without leads to start sheet piles into the
ground. Sometimes called pants.
A structure in which a pile hammer is mounted to adapt it to box leads with rails spaced wider
than the hammer width. Also called Pony Leads.

A pile hammer lead which has an upper section wherein the hammer is contained and a lower
section which closely fits about and guides the pile. The hammer is supported and aligned by
the pile after engagement. The pile is usually supported by a template

Cushion placed between drive cap and top of concrete pile to protect pile from crushing and
spalling. Also called Pile Cushion, Pad.
The ratio of kinetic energy of the ram immediately prior to impact divided by the rated energy.
The kinetic energy delivered by a pile hammer to the Drive Cap. See Energy, Impact, and
Energy, Rated.
A heavy tool used in breaking and removing obstructions in large diameter caissons or other
excavations.
The crane main hoist drum wire rope line assigned to raising and lowering and holding the
hammer.
The number of complete strokes of a pile hammer achieved by the ram per minute.
1. The point at which the cylinder of a double-acting air or diesel pile hammer begins to lift or
"float." 2. The point at which the force of fluid in the hammer overcomes the weight of the
hammer casing or cylinder. See also Cylinder Lift
A short slender pole used to position and hold a pile in the leads.
Pile hammer leads topped with a bail and hung from one load line of a crane. Also called
Swinging Leads, Pendulum Leads.
Proprietary cast-steel driving tip with cutting "teeth" for H-piles.
1. Most commonly a very dense heterogeneous mass of clay, sand and gravel of glacial drift
origin. 2. The hard stratum of consolidated earth underlying surface soil, too hard for roots to
penetrate.

A rolled-steel section with web and flanges nearly the same thickness. The width and depth are
approximately equal. See also Steel H-Pile
A steel wide-flange or H-beam used in place of leads. The hammer engages and slides upon
one flange of the beam through the use of spud clips bolted to the hammer. Also called Monkey
Stick, Spud lead.
1. Shortened form of the phrase "pressure head", referring to the pressure resulting from a
column of water or elevated supply of water. 2. The top of a pile.
Top section of a fixed, semi-fixed or extended pile driver lead with sheaves for carrying both
crane hosting drums lines, holding pile and hammer, over the top of leads.

1. The uplifting of earth between or near piles, caused by the displacement of soil by pile driving.
2. The uplift of a previously driven pile caused by the driving of an adjacent pile. 3. The
upward movement of soil and/or foundations supported on s
An anchor consisting of a bar and one or several helix rings. The anchor is augered into the
ground and capacity is derived by the helix bearing against the soil.
Helical tieback, helical anchor or screw anchor screwed into bearing strata, and used to transfer
tensile loads to soil. Helical anchorage consists of small diameter steel shaft, single or multiple
helix bearing plates, coatings, corrosion protection, co

Mild steel bars spirally arranged about the main reinforcement steel to bind the latter to form a
cage.
Also known as Helical screw foundation, screw pile, or helical pier, screwed to or into bearing
strata and used to transfer compression loads to soil. A helical foundation consists of a small
diameter steel shaft, single or multiple helix bearing plates,
A deep foundation system consisting of a Helix Screw Pile and a bracket for transferring loads
from a structure to the pile.
Low capacity metal (galvanized steel) pile consisting of a center-pole and successive helices.
Cased or un-cased, small diameter, soil displacement, cast-in-place screw pile in which gravityfed grout forms a shaft around the central steel element above the helix plate(s).
A high-strength steel shaft with one or more helix-shaped circular steel plates welded to a
central steel hub lead section. Helix anchors are installed by screwing the helix plates into the
soil through the application of a rotating force on the centra
Corrugated (usually 12 to 18 gauge) steel rolled into a spiral pipe with the joint crimped or
welded watertight. The shell is installed as a pile with a mandrel.
Title of computer program developed by Hubbell Power Systems, Inc./A.B. Chance which
calculates the bearing and uplift capacity of helical anchorages/foundations in soil.
Generally round steel plate formed into a ramped spiral. The helical shape provides the means
to install a helical anchorage, or a helical foundation, plus the plate transfers load to soil in endbearing. Helix plates are available in various grades, di
(See Screw Pile)
Steel accessory placed over a pile to prevent damage from driving. Also called Anvil Block,
Bonnet, Cap, Driving Head, Helmet, Follow Cap, Rider Cap, Shield. See sketches, Appendix A.

A dynamic testing method for deep foundations using a drop-mass to impact the top of the shaft.
The strain at impact must be at least the same order, or greater than the ultimate capacity of the
pile. In brief, the soil resistance must be wholly mobilized
A dynamic pile driving formula for estimating the static load bearing capacity of a pile driven from
its penetration resistance. It includes terms for pile weight to ram-weight ratio, pile rebound, and
cushion properties.
A prime mover and a hoist with one or more hoisting wire rope (cable) drums, mounted on a
common sled base.
An earth auger with an end bit on a hollow center shaft. See also Auger.
A point at which a pile has reached specified soil penetration and/or blow count.

A colloquial expression indicating the side of the pile driver which is the most dangerous.
See Steel H-Pile. Also called H-Beam.
Can occur when the hydrostatic pressure in the ground (usually below a clay strata) is sufficient
to cause the collapse of thin-wall pile casing.
Term for the physical property that permits water to flow through the voids in a soil.
Earth fill moved and placed by pumping with water.

Similar to Clamshell Grab. A grab operated by hydraulic action, used for excavation of
diaphragm walls and barrettes
A pile driving hammer that uses a hydraulically-powered ram
Reverse circulation drilling/grinding machine operated by hydraulic drives to rotate cutter wheels
on a horizontal axis. The spoil is removed by a submersible pump within the machine.
Pore water pressure varying as pressure in a non-moving free standing column of water.
Water pressure in soil that results in neither upward or downward flow; having a hydraulic
gradient equal to unity
International Building Code.

Institution of Civil Engineers, Great Britain.

The growth of ice in lenses, layers, and veins in the soil, commonly, but not always, oriented
normal to the direction of heat loss.
A type of fuel atomization used in a diesel hammer in which the raw fuel injected and trapped
between the ram and the anvil is atomized by impact of the ram on the impact block. The
hammer normally will have a time delay between impact and combustion.
Normally used with diesel hammer. 1. The part of a pile hammer seated directly under the ram
which transmits the blow of the ram to the pile or to the drive cap (also called Impact Block).
Also called Anvil. 2. Steel plate on top of cushion material in d
The transmission of energy during a short interval of time from one moving body to another.
The peak force delivered by a pile driving hammer to the pile head as measured by means of
dynamic monitoring (the peak force must not be influenced by soil resistance reflections).
The velocity of the ram of a gravity or single-acting steam/air hammer when it strikes the anvil. It
may be computed from a formula.
A constant that is equal to the pile cross-section area times Young's modulus, divided by the
elastic wave velocity.
Soil in which the spacing of the soil particles is so close as to prevent or allow only very slow
passage of water.

Also known as the Transient Dynamic Response Method, or the Sonic Mobility Method. An
integrity test in which a low-strain stress wave is generated at the shaft head by an impact from
a small hammer that contains a transducer to measure force input. The r
Also known as Sonic-Echo, and by several proprietary names. An integrity test in which a lowstrain stress wave is generated at the shaft head by an impact with a small hammer. The time
taken for the wave to travel down the shaft and be reflected back to
Preferred term for a pile installed or constructed on an incline so as to provide some horizontal
support for a structure
Instrument which measures inclination and slope or sweep of a cased bored hole. Can be used
in pipe or other types of pile if the pile is equipped with tubing to permit travel of the device.
The steps of applying a test load to a pile. Generally, the specifications will require the steps to
be 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175% and 200% of Design Load. Other increments
may be specified, dependent on design considerations.

Piles, often prestressed concrete, driven in advance of major work to determine needed length
before ordering.

The point where reversal of curvature occurs: point of contraflexure

An influence line can be any line in a graph that shows the magnitude of a condition, such as
shears or moments on / along a beam. The influence line graphically represents the calculated
shear or moment at that point along the beam. A geotechnical exa
stage after mixing concrete when it turns from liquid to solid
A type of fuel atomization used in a diesel hammer in which the fuel is atomized by an injector.
Combustion will normally occur prior to impact.
The base plate under the beam swivel of a guy derrick

The inlet fluid path of fluid-powered hammers.

Pressure of motive fluid at the inlet of an air/steam hammer.

1. Structural fabrication or casting placed in a helmet to adjust to a different type or size of pile.
Also called Adaptor or Filler. 2. Any device intended to be permanently embedded in a wall.
In original or final place.
A concrete pile poured (either with or without a metal casing) in its permanent location in the
ground. Also called Cast-In-Place Pile, or Caisson.

The individual who observes pile installation for conformance with contract requirements.
Any device intended to measure the performance of a wall or structural system, or physical
parameters such as soil pressure or water head.

Pile load test performed on a shaft in which instrumentation has been installed to measure
parameters such as stress, strain, and displacement. The load transfer mechanism and stress
distribution can be determined from an instrumented pile load test.

A means of assessing the integrity of a deep foundation nondestructively and non-invasively See Impulse Echo Test and Impulse Response Test

The portion of a steel sheet pile or other sheeting which connects adjacent piles through a
thumb and finger or similar configuration to make a continous wall. Also called a Clutch

A gravity hammer which acts internally on a plug at the base of a pile casing and is used to
advance the casing by driving at the bottom to a given set or penetration.
Reinforcing steel embedded in a wall to provide bending resistance between points of lateral
support.
Proprietary name for a type of cast-in-place concrete pile.

A high capacity hydraulic jacking system used to apply loads to a pile under test. See also Test
Pile
pile pressed into soil by means of static force

1. A means of imposing a static driving force on a pile by using hydraulic jacks. Using
extensively to install piles in underpinning of structures. A jacked pile. 2. The means of precisely
transferring load from another source (either dead weight or a rea

Devices that interface with and are used to clamp a vibratory driver/extractor to a pile.

A method of ground modification that mixes cement with insitu soil using high pressure air
and/or water jets to form "soilcrete". Jet grouting is generally used for excavation shoring,
underpinning, and as a hydraulic barrier.

The use of water or compressed air jet to facilitate the placing or driving of a pile by means of
hydraulic displacement of parts of the soil. In some cases, a high pressure compressed air jet(s)
may be used, either alone or with water. Also called Water
A work constructed out from a harbor entrance. Mounds or heaps of rubble, fascine, or mattress
work with rubble or stone, or a reinforced concrete wal, to prevent littoral drift from forming a
sand bar across a harbor entrance. See also Groin, or Groyne.
Discontinuity between panels, usually formed by end stops or embedded structural shapes.

Side or skin damping value used in wave equation analysis.

Tip or toe damping value used in wave equation analysis.
A geologic term for limestone bedrock in which cavities are developed by solution in flowing
water. Also called Karstic Limestone.
A square or splined shaft which can slide vertically through a square or splined opening in a
rotary driving head to turn an auger or drill bit; for a drilling rig which drives from top the Kelly bar
may be a smooth cylinder. The kelly bar may also be use
Term used for reaction weights for test loading. Also called caisson weights or load-test weights.
A recess in the wall intended to receive a wall or floor slab.
A telescoping structural member used to attach the bottom of the leads to the crane base and
used to position or batter leads in or out, left or right. Can be mechanically, hydraulically or
pneumatically operated; it is used with either fixed leads or se
S.I. (Systeme Internationale) unit of force equal to 0.2248 kips.
1. The center pile in a dolphin or cluster of piles usually with the top higher than the adjacent
piles to hold lines from a ship. 2. Added support for a precast concrete or steel sheet pile wall.
Steel columns installed in soil or embedded in cast-in-place bored piles or drilled shafts used as
vertical support for temporary working platform or decking for deep excavation works
A unit of force or load equal to 1,000 lbs.

Also called sonic logger in Asia. Device used to measure a continous profile of a slurry-filled
borehole or excavation by the sonic caliper method - Used to monitor diameter or width and
verticality of bored piles or drilled shafts, barrettes, and diaphra
1. To raise and slip an interlock of a pile, such as a steel sheet pile, into the interlock of an
adjoining pile. Also called Thread. 2. To raise and slip a pile hammer into pile hammer leads
so that its side channels properly engage to slide upon the
The act of interlocking sections of sheet pile to form a wall. Also called Threading.
A pile to which longitudinal pieces (lags) are fastened to provide mechanical protection to a pile
or increase friction contact area. See Lags.
The horizontal members, usually of timber or concrete, spanning between soldier piles. See
Lags.
1. Plates, blocks or structural sections secured to a pile to increase its bearing or friction area.
Also called Lagging. 2. Thin slats on creosoted piles in marinas to reduce creosote stains on
boats.
A mixture of bleed water, cement and fine sand that may appear at the top of concrete after
placing, especially in high lifts, such as piling. It has no structural value.
Metal left, as at a bevel on the flange of an H-pile, for back-up of a weld.

A pile with a nominal diameter exceeding 24 in. (600 mm).

Horizontal component of load on a pile.

Normally used in reference to the lateral pressure or force imposed by a soil mass against an
earth-supporting structure such as a retaining wall or basement wall, or on a fictitious vertical
plane located within a soil mass. The coefficient of earth pre
The maximum pressure (load) that may be safely applied in the horizontal direction to a soil or
rock by a foundation unit.
1. Inclined piles or reinforcement to resist lateral forces on piles or footings. Also called Bracing,
or Shoring. 2. Support provided by soil, which prevents column failure of a driven pile.

1. A structure of fabricated steel or wood in which or on which a pile hammer travels up and
down and with which the hammer and pile assembly is aligned in driving position. 2. A
complete hammer support system including lead column, brace and other comp
That part of the pile hammer leads forming a pathway for the hammer, and consisting of parallel
members, which mate with side channels of a pile hammer. Also called Lead Rails, Hammer
Guides.A lead which is fixed to a crane boom point normally in an extended configuration, but has three
directions of freedom about the boom point (i.e., in and out, left and right, and around) rather
than just in and out, left and right movement. Also called Sw
The first helical anchorage/foundation component installed into the soil, consisting of single or
multiple helical plates welded to a steel shaft of finite length.
See Leads.
The edge of the helix that enters the soil first--may be straight, curved or sharpened or blunt.
1. A structure of fabricated steel or wood in which or on which a pile hammer travels up and
down and with which the hammer and pile assembly is aligned in driving position. 2. A
complete hammer support system including lead column, brace and other comp
Pile hammer leads which extend above and attach to the boom point of a crane. Also called
Overhead Leads.
See Leads, Extended.
Pile hammer leads topped with a bail and hung from one load line of a crane. Also called
Hanging Leads, Pendulum Leads, Swinging Leads.
1. A trade name for a type of extended lead. 2. An extended pile hammer lead which may be
raised or lowered independently of the boom by a cable from the crane. Also called VerticalTravel Leads.
Pile hammer leads topped with a bail and hung from one load line of a crane. Also called
Hanging Leads, Pendulum Leads.
See Leads, Cardonic. Also called Swivel Leads.
Pile hammer leads which hang from the boom point pin of a crane by straps or pendant cables.
1. A trade name for a type of extended lead. 2. An extended pile hammer lead which may be
raised or lowered independently of the boom by a cable from the crane. Also called semi fixed
leads.

Low strength concrete usually intended as backfill in situations where the material will be
subsequently removed.
An embankment of earth built up along the sides of a river to prevent its overflowing its banks.

Cable device used to lift reinforcing steel cages with minimal distortion.

Low density material used as backfill to reduce overburden pressure. Typically consists of
lightweight rotary kiln produced aggregates with a density about half that of normal granular soil
backfill.
A compact, high-calcium limestone originating from coral and other marine remains.

Oil lubricator inserted in compressed air or steam lines to lubricate air or steam powered
hammers. See also Sight Feed Lubricator, or Oiler
1. An open-end steel pipe installed by drilling, driving or vibrating to support the side of a hole.
2. A pipe dropped or driven into an augered hole to prevent caving temporarily. See also Casing
Interior finish wall placed in contact with or separated from the slurry wall.

Loss of strength occurring in saturated, fine-grained cohesionless soil when exposed to shock or
vibrations when the soil particles momentarily lose contact due to pore pressure increase. The
material then behaves as a fluid without shear strength. See

The factor used to modify (usually increase) the factored load or factored force.
Testing capacity and relation of load to movement by putting a static load on the bearing
element before actually building upon the foundation. May be performed in axial compression,
axial tension, or horizontally (lateral). ASTM Standard D1143 covers Me
The maximum load that may be safely applied to a foundation unit under expected loading and
soil conditions. Determined as the capacity divided by the factor of safety.
The load actually applied to a foundation unit.
The load actually applied to a foundation unit, and which is not greater than the allowable load.

Applying increments of load to a pile and measuring the resulting movement of the pile. See
Load Test
A curve showing the relation between applied load and measured movement in a static loading
test - also called load-displacement curve.

A mixture of sand, silt and clay, generally with a varying amount of organic material.

Longitudinal or spiral seam in corrugated or other pipe formed by overlapping or folding the
adjacent edges.
A soil transported and deposited by wind action, generally silt, weakly cemented.
The act of raising a pile into the leads to place beneath the hammer. Also called "pitching the
pile."
1. The workman who climbs the lead to position pile beneath the hammer. 2. The workman
who sits atop a sheet pile wall and threads interlocks. 3. Trade name for a mechanical device
controlled by the crane operator to accomplish the purpose of 1. above
Field Record of each driven pile including location number, hammer model, pile type, blow count
per unit of penetration, final resistance, driven length, etc. Also called Driving Log or Pile Log.

Space left between timber lagging boards. Louvers permit backpacking of voids behind the
boards.
Pile with minimal soil displacement, such as H, open-end pipe or sheet piles. Also called NonDisplacement Pile.
Special concrete mix designed to reduce the peak temperature during hydration of the concrete
mass. Use for mass or thick concrete members such as mat foundation. Flyash is commonly
used as an additive in low heat concrete.
Pumping of low slump grouts (0" to 3") with a limited ability to travel into the ground to fill voids
or compact soil.
A pile testing method by which the pile integrity is confirmed or anomalies such as necking,
bulging or discontinuities are identified. One of the non-destructive methods. Unlike the High
Strain Test, the soil resistance is not mobilized as the test is p
Load and Resistance Factor Design.

See Line Oiler. Lubricator or Oiler also refers to the assistant equipment operator.
Maintained Load Test. Load test accomplished by applying an increasing load in defined
increments and holding each level until such time that the pile top (head) displacement
stabilizes or a specified time period is attained. A force vs displacement cur

An empty closed-end tubular section, driven into the ground within operating radius of a pile rig.
Corrugated shell is lowered into the hole to facilitate inserting a mandrel, thereby allowing the
use of shorter leads or longer lengths of shell. The she
A core that is inserted into a closed-end thin-shell tubular pile for driving; after installation the
mandrel is contracted and withdrawn; (1) Solid or semi-solid mandrel - A heavy tubular section
that will transmit the hammer energy to either the casing
Any below ground man-made object, such as concrete, timber, building rubble, abandoned
utilities, which cannot be easily removed by clamshell bucket or drilling tool.

One of several species of mollusks (Teredo - "Shipworm," Bankia, Pholad) and crustaceans
(Limnoria-tripunctata, quadripunctata, Lignorum) that bore into untreated wood and concrete.
Preservative pressure treatment is effective in protecting wood from the

Cone shaped funnel used to indirectly measure bentonite slurry viscosity by measuring the time
of passage of a quart of slurry through a specified opening size.

See European Lead

Also called Mat Foundation. A thick concrete slab used to support one or more columns. A mat
footing may be placed directly on the base soil or may be supported by piles.
Heavy timbers bolted together for use as support and roadway for pile driver crane. Essential
over soft or wet supporting soil and to protect pavement.
A proprietary part of a pile hammer seated directly under the ram which receives the blow of the
ram and transmits it to the pile. Normally used only with wood piles. See sketches in DFI
Glossary of Terms, Appendix A.
The average low elevation to which the surface of a body of water falls. Mean High Water is
average high. In tidal areas Mean Low (High) Tide is the average daily minimum or maximum
water surface elevation.

A comprehensive field test, principally aimed at determining load bearing criteria for driven pile,
conducted in 1961 by the State of Michigan Highway Department and the United States Bureau
of Public Roads.
Relatively small diameter (typically 4" to 10") cast-in-place replacemnent piles utilizing drilling
and grouting procedures along with high strength materials to obtain high capacity piles,
typically 50T to 150T. In addition to the construction site, trad

See Top Down Method.

See Micro-piles

Combination of mechanical devices used to mix, store, clean and/or distribute bentonite slurry.

Quotient obtained by dividing the stress per unit area by the change per unit length in the elastic
region of material behaviour. Also called Young's Modulus (when unconstrained laterally).

See Pile Monkey

A spud lead system in which the lead column passes through a slide box at the tip of the crane
boom. The lead column elevation is controlled by the crane auxillary hoist drum cable and a
brace is not normally used, the lead base being set on the ground. T
An open top, longitudinally-fluted tapered steel tube, driven without a mandrel and filled as a
cast-in-place concrete pile.
A steel caisson with sawtooth cutting edge, which is rotated to cut its way through rock.
Loosened material is washed out of the caisson. More powerful motors and pumps, plus high
quality cutting steels have brought a redevelopment of this once popular pr
A principal clay mineral group. A hydrous aluminum silicate characterized by a crystalline
structure of layers or thin sheets. This is the main ingredient of bentonite clay.
A curved or horizontal beam attached to the end of the brace on pile hammer leads which
allows the lead to be moved sideways and held fixed during the driving of side inclination piles
(right angle to the crane boom).
Usually a treated or greenheart wood pile, driven out from a pier or dock to steady marine
vessels from wind and wave action, or to hold a floating dock in position. See also Dolphin, King
Pile.
Distinct geological feature - mound or ridge - of material deposited by glaciation, usually
containing a wide range of particle sizes. See also Glacial Till

Steam, air, combustion gases or hydraulic oil used to move the ram of the hammer to drive the
pile. See also Motive Fluid Power.

1. A very soft or watery clay. 2. A term used for material removed from an excavation, especially
in tunneling.
Cylindrical tool used for cleaning drilled shafts of muck and water.
Scale device used to measure unit weight, specific gravity or density of slurry.
River bed at interface of water and soil.
A thin cover of crushed stone or concrete placed over a muddy area below the planned structure
to provide a work platform and keep reinforcing clean.
1. An earth diaphragm or impervious cut-off-wall in a dam. 2. The wall above the beam seats of
a bridge abutment, designed to support the approach slab and retain the earth behind the
abutment.

See Filter Cake

The technique of stirring in bentonite powder and /or water to facilitate the installation of
temporary casing or to expedite drilling into an augered or otherwise drilled hole.

Helical anchor with more than one helix welded to the same shaft or lead.

The number of blows required to drive a 2 in. O.D., 1 3/8 in. I.D., 24 in long, split soil sampling
spoon one foot with a 140 lb. Weight freely falling 30 in. The count is recorded for each of three
six-inch increments. The sum of the second and third i

Reduction in area of cast-in-place concrete in a pile, either uncased or thin-cased, due to soil
pressure or improper method of installation.
A structural beam inserted through a hole in a wall to support the wall during underpinning,
jacking or excavating operations beneath it. The beam transfers the wall load to a temporary or
a newly installed foundation.
A pressure gauge with a needle stem for measuring air or steam pressure in pressure hose, by
puncturing the wall of the hose with the needle stem.
Very small diameter, slender, driven steel tubular or rail section piles used in underpinning
operations.
Colloquial term for pile driven at an angle towards the crane. See Negative Inclination
Driving a pile at an angle from the vertical where the bottom of the pile is inclined toward the
crane.

Soil resistance acting downward along the side of a deep founation unit, due to an applied uplift
load.
1. Side friction along a pile surface directed downward. 2. Effect of settling soil that grips a pile
by friction and adds a downward weight to the structure load. Also called Downdrag.
Net measured settlement of pile at top after removal of test load. See Settlement
The location where equilibrium exists between the sum of downward acting permanent load
applied to the pile and dragload due to negative skin friction and the sum of upward acting
positive shaft resistance and mobilized toe resistance. The neutral plane
A weldment bracket, typically used as part of a Helical Foundation System, to provide
connection between an installed Helix Screw Pile and the structures surface level foundation
components.
Eurocode term for basic estimated load, as defined by code or statistical analysis, before
application of Load Factor.

Piles formed by boring or other methods of excavation. H, open-end pipe and sheet piles are
considered low-displacement piles.

National Ready Mix Concrete Association.

National Sand, Gravel, and Crushed Stone Association.
National Utility Contractors Association.
A perforated pipe installed in the ground for monitoring groundwater level

A pile hammer lead which has an upper section wherein the hammer is contained and a lower
section which closely fits about and guides the pile. The hammer is supported by a template.
Also called Cage, Can Lead, Chuck Lead, Rope Suspended Lead, Pipe Lead.
1. A device for injecting oil into air or steam lines; also called a lubricator. 2. Either a man or
woman who is responsible on a daily basis, for oiling and greasing certain pieces of construction
and mining equipment.
Proprietary name for a type of augered, cast-in-place displacement pile.
A mixture of one 94 lb. bag of cement and 1 cy of sand, typically used as a self compacting
backfill.

A drop-bottom bucket used for excavation. The drop-bottom is divided into a number of sections
that appear to peel back as the bucket opens.
Lengths of pile expected for the project, ordered by either the owner, A/E or contractor from the
supplier

Rock core sample obtained from a boring on which scribes are made while in its in-situ location
in order to determine the in-situ orientation of the rock core. Used to determine the orientation
of dips and joints in the rock

A three to five-inch shaft of hard steel is set into the lower end of an H-pile by slitting the shaft or
cutting the web of the pile for some distance, and then welding the shaft to the H-pile. Utilized to
secure a toe hold in sloping rock. Can also be fi

Axial loading test carried out by applying the load with expendable jack and load cell preinstalled in a cast-in-place bored pile or drilled shaft. Named after its inventor, Jorj Osterberg.

The difference between the actual amount of concrete placed and the neat theoretical volume.
Usually expressed as a percentage.

Extra length of concrete above design cut-off level of pile, usually formed in cast-in-place bored
piles or drilled shafts, and barrettes. See also Over-pour.

The ratio between the preconsolididation pressure and the effective overburden stress.
1. Pile driving that exceeds the maximum warranted hammer blow count or damages the
material comprising the pile. 2. Hitting the pile more than the optimum or required number of
blows per increment of advance. 3. Continuing to drive piling(s) after penetr
See Leads, Extended .
The extra amount of concrete placed in a panel or drilled shaft beyond the theoretical volume, or
above the designed cutoff level.

The difference between the actual volume of grout placed in an ACIP pile, and the theoretical
volume of the shaft. See also Grout Factor
Pounds per square inch pressure shown by gage at pressure boiler, air compressor, air hose, or
steam hose.
See Pile Cushion.
Section of a slurry wall that is concreted as a single unit. The panel may be linear, T-shaped, Lshaped, or other plan configuration
Slotted plates fastened to the sides of a pile hammer to engage the head of template supported
sheet pile, to keep the hammer centered upon, and in vertical alignment with, the pile to permit
the hammer's operation free-hanging. Also called Fingers, FishA down-hole test to verify depth and to determine the most likely construction material of
unknown foundations below existing structures. Requires a borehole close to the unknown
foundation, and access to the structure immediately above the foundation in

Propietary brace to change pile hammer leads from side to side wIthout use of a hammer

The speed at which the ground particles move or vibrate, measured in mm/s or in/s. The
maximum recorded particle velocity from any one of the three axes of movement for a recorded
vibration event is the Peak Particle Velocity.

Portland Cement Association.

Power Crane and Shovel Association.
Pile Driving Analyzer - An instrument used to monitor pile installation and evaluate the pile-soil
system. The working principle is: a pile is assumed as an elastic rod. An impact is applied on
the pile top and the produced stress wave propagates along
Pile Driving Contractors Association

A highly organic soil consisting chiefly of fragmented remains of vegetable matter which was
sequentially deposited. Typically has a spongy consistency.
Long handled tool similar to a cant hook but with a steel point at its end and a hinged hook for
turning piles or timbers .

A cast-in-place concrete end-bearing pile, frequently patented, constructed so that concrete is

placed or forced out into a bulb or pedestal at the base of the pile. See also Compacted
Concrete Pile.
A tree trunk from which all of the bark has been removed before treating and /or driving
See Leads, Swinging

1. The resistance to penetration by driving, expressed in blows per increment of advance of the
pile. 2. The N Value in the Standard Penetration Test

Term generally applied to subsurface investigation methods for determining a strength-related

property of a soil by measuring the resistance to penetration of boring and/or sampling
equipment. See also N Value.
The total downward movement of the pile caused by the hammer blow before rebound.
Depth or length of pile specified to theoretically develop the required load bearing or uplift
capacity of the soil, the required lateral strength or reach a desired bearing strata
1. The gross movement of the pile less the rebound from the hammer blow. 2. Net measured
settlement after unload from a test
A device for measuring resistance to penetration of a point, calibrated to indicate approximate
load-bearing strength of the pile. Often called Dutch Cone Penetrometer
See Anvil

A means of advancing a bore using compressed air- or cable-driven impact tools, or excavating
tools which are repeatedly dropped onto the face or base of the bore.
A factor used to alter (usually reduce) the capacity of a foundation unit, determined by means of
direct test loading, or by in-situ tests such as penetrometer testing.
Permanently frozen ground; very difficult to pentrate with piling, and unstable when disturbed.

Old term; See Hydraulic conductivity

Measure of the alkalinity or acidity of a liquid using a logarithmic numerical scale of 0 to 14, set
with 7.0 as neutral, less than 7.0 indicating acidity and greater than 7.0 indicating alkalinity.
Based on the reciprocal of the Hydrogen ion concentrati

1. A structure built perpendicular or oblique to the shoreline of a body of water for mooring ships.
2. A plain, detached mass of masonry,usually serving as a support: i.e. the pier of a bridge. 3. A
deep foundation unit with a large length to diameter ra

A perforated pipe installed in the ground to measure groundwater pressure / head in any desired
stratum. It is typically sealed along its length, open to atmosphere at the top and perforated only
in the desired stratum to allow water inflow from that stra

Plug-like device used to clean out a pipeline. Also used in a tremie pipe to keep concrete
separate from water or slurry at the start of placement. See also Go Devil
A slender deep foundation unit, made of wood, steel, or concrete, or combinations thereof,
which is either pre-manufactured and placed by driving, jacking, jetting, or screwing, or cast-insitu in a hole formed by driving, excavating, or boring. A pile c

Two or more piles driven in a row transverse to the long dimension of a structure, such as a
bridge foundation, and fastened together by capping and/or bracing.
Colloquial term for a member of a pile crew
See Seawall
Colloquial term for the top of a pile, originally referring to the widest part of of a timber pile or
tree trunk, normally driven with the narrowest part, or tip, down first. See also Pile Head.
A structural member constructed on the tops of piles to transmit and distribute the load of the
structure down to the head of a pile, a row of piles, or a pile group.
1.Pairs of timbers bolted to the sides of the piles in a bent, or steel channels bolted or welded to
H-piles, to tie the piles together and so carry and distribute loads to the piles. 2. A mechanical
device with teeth for gripping piles, used with vibrato

1. A group of piles, standing free as a dolphin or as mooring piles or piles in contact, forming
part of a fender system for the purpose of mooring or breasting off vessels for better control. See
also Dolphin. 2. Group support for column loads
Cushion placed between drive cap and top of concrete pile to protect pile from crushing and
spalling. Also called Cushion, Pad.
The length of pile extending above the cut-off elevation that must be removed.
1. A rig consisting of leads, hoisting apparatus and a pile hammer. 2. A member of the pile crew

See PDA
See Drive Cap

Protective cover for a steel or timber pile. This usually is concrete, added at the water or ground
line, where all typed of piles are most vulnerable to corrosion and insect attack

A device for pulling piles out of the ground. It may be an inverted steam or air hammer with yoke
equipped to transmit upward blows to the pile body or a specially built extractor utilizing this
principle. Vibratory hammers are especially effective. All e
See Pile Line.
An equation by which the static resistance or the allowable load of a pile may be estimated from
the driving record of the pile. See Dynamic Formula.
The piles and the structural members designed and installed primarily to transmit loads directly
from a superstructure to the soil or rock stratum some distance below the ground surface which
is capable of supporting the load.
See Skid Rig.
A device at the base of the pile hammer leads which is closed arund the pile to maintain
alignment between the pile and the leads
General term for a machine which drives piling by impact or vibration. Power source may be
mechanical, air,steam,diesel or hydraulic.

A powered pile hammer in which the fluid valve is automatically thrown at both ends of the ram
stroke to produce a regular cycle.
A powered pile hammer in which the fluid valve is manually thrown at one end of the ram stroke
and automatically thrown at the other end.
The uppermost end of a pile.
See Heave
A material property of a pile. Determined as the product of the Young's modulus (E) and area (A)
of the cross section divided by the wave speed (c) as Z = EA / c.
See Automated Monitoring Equipment.
Means for joining lengths of piles. 1. H-Pile: full penetration butt weld or close-fitting mechanical
device plus welding across flanges and additions. 2. Pipe-Pile: butt weld or driving into tapered
circular sleeve.
A wire rope used to lift a pile and hold it while being placed in the leads; one of the hoisting lines
on a crane, assigned to pile handling. Also called Pile Fall.
See Load Test, Test Pile
See Driving Log
See Taywood Sheet Pile Driver/Extractor
1. The workman who climbs the lead to position the pile beneath the hammer. 2. The workman
who sits atop a sheet pile wall and threads interlocks. 3. Trade name for a mechanical device
controlled by the crane operator to accomplish the purpose of 1 Above.
The depth or subsurface elevation reached by tip of the pile. 2. Embedment of the pile. 3. The
set of the pile
A pointed pile shoe.
See refusal.
See Pile driver.
The portion of the pile between the pile head and the pile toe.
A premanufactured separate reinforcement attached to the bottom end (toe) of a pile to facilitate
driving, to protect the lower end of the pile, and/or to improve the toe resistance of the pile.
A close-fitted device for quickly aligned an additional length of similar or compatible sections of a
pile to increase length. See Spliced Pile, Composite Pile
Bending or curving of a pile, generally as a result of encountering obstructions or hard
conditions during driving.
An increase in the observed resistance to penetration during driving
A prefabricated structure or site-erected frame into which a pile is set and held firmly in position
to permit driving with a free-hanging pile hammer. Usually rectangular in form, to space and
position piles so that they will be specified position relati
The lowermost end of a pile (Use of terms such as pile tip, pile point, or pile end in the same
sense as pile toe is discouraged).

See toe grouting.

Driving rig that is clamped to the top of a caisson pile casing.
See Cast-In-place Pile.
A tree trunk, usually debarked, driven into the ground. It may be pressure impregnated with
creosote, pentachlorophenol, or chromated copper arsenate or ammoniacal copper arsenate
A thick concrete slab-like foundation supported by piles. Usually used for tall buildings with high
loading
The contractor, frequently a subcontractor, who specializes in installing piles.
A pile used to provide vertical support to bracing members. See Micropiles.

See End Stop Extractor.

See Steel Pipe Pile
Insert in wall intended to permit the passage of a pipe through the wall.

See Blowing
The part of the falling weight in a power pile hammer which is fitted with piston rings. See Ram

An instrument for a pile integrity testing in the field. The test includes: an accelerometer and a
strain gauge (optional). In general, an accelerometer is placed on the top of the pile prior to
testing. The top of the pile is struck axially with a hamm

The distance between the leading and trailing edge of the helix on a Helix pile.
Positioning the pile in the leads for driving. See Lofting

1. Concrete consisting of cement, bentonite, aggregates, additives and water intended to

provide minimal strength, a low modulus of elasticity and high strain prior to failure. 2. Concrete
that has not yet set.

Term applicable to fine-grained cohesive soils ( such as clays) with the ability to flow or be
remolded without raveling or breaking apart. See also Atterberg Limits

The soil inside a pipe pile that is driven open-ended

A vertical pile

See Pipe Lead

Colloquial term for a pile that derives its load-bearing ability from support of the soil layer at the
tip. Preferred term is "end-bearing pile"

See Depth of Fixity

Synthetic additive that increases the viscosity of water.

A mixture of water and polymer forming a viscous drilling fluid that is used to stabilize boreholes
and to remove drill cuttings from the borehole.
See polymer slurry. Also used in parts of Asia to denote a polymer slurry with bentonite added to
reduce loss in granular soils.
Short beam placed across a structural beam or panel joint intended to support two panels from
one point of lateral support. Also, called a waler.
See Hairpin Lead, Telescope Lead, Spud Lead, and Beam Lead.

Steel plate, provided with numerous steel studs, straps or bars welded to the plate, intended to
be embedded in a wall to provide shear or tensile capacity to a connection to the wall.

Pressure in the water and gas present in the voids between the soil grains, minus the
atmospheric pressure.

The elevation of a groundwater table corresponding to a hydrostatic pore pressure equal to the
actual pore pressure.
Pore pressure in a confined body of water having a level of hydrostatic pressure higher than the
ground surface or above the normal groundwater table.
Pore pressure distribution as in a freestanding column of water.

Colloquial term. See Fore Batter

Concrete element which derives its primary strength from a longitudinal compression force
provided by high strength steel strands, embedded in the wall, which are tensioned after the
concrete hardens. See post-tensioning.
A method of prestressing a concrete member in which cables or bars are placed in ducts
through the concrete member. When the concrete reaches a specified strength, the tendons are
tensioned by jacking against the member and then anchored to it. See also p

A prime mover composed of an engine and generator, hydraulic pump, or compressor to provide
electricity, hydraulic power, or air to portable construction equipment, such as a vibratory
driver/extractor or auger.
See Refusal.
1. Boring through obstructions or materials too dense to penetrate with the planned pile type.
This is commonly done for displacment piles in stiff clays where heave may occur. 2. Exploratory
drilling to elevations below utility lines to locate and minimi

A concrete pile, either reinforced or prestressed, which is manufactured in a construction yard or

at the site, and, having been properly cured, is handled and driven like a steel or timber pile.
A precast pile manufactured in lengths which enable the pile to be extended on site relatively
quickly with a mechanical splice. See Bruns Pile, Pile Splicer

Wall constructed by insertion and positioning of precast concrete panels into a self-hardening
slurry.

1. Advance excavation of a general site. 2. Removal by augering of soil that may heave. 3.
Removal of soil by driving and cleaning out an open-end pipe

See Dieseling
See Dieseling

pile installed before the commencement of the main piling works or section of the works for the
purpose of
establishing the suitability of the chosen type of pile, driving equipment and/or for confirming the
design,
dimensions and bearing capacity
Application of a predetermined load on a brace or anchor support.

Omnidirectional force per unit area (Compare stress)

See Grouting, Foundation

See Head
See Enlarged Base

A device that can be lowered into a bore hole and expanded to determine the lateral resistance
of the soil
Round or sawn timber used as a pile, which has been pressure impregnated with a chemical
preservative, e.g., creosote, pentachlorophenol, or ammoniacal copper arsenate or chromated
copper arsenate
See Preload.
A precast concrete pile which is prestressed or post-tensioned to reduce or eliminate cracking
caused by the tensile stresses to which piles are subjected during transportation, pile driving,
and in service.
Compressing a concrete member with tensioned cables or bars running through it to achieve
higher strength for less weight, and to counteract handling stresses.
A precast, prestressed concrete pile where the form is spun as the concrete sets. Spinning
results in denser concrete, reduces water cement ratio, and hence increases the concrete
strength and durability of the pile.
A method of prestressing a concrete member in which cables or rods are tensioned before the
concrete is poured. When the concrete member has cured to specified strength, the tendons are
detached from their anchorages and relieved of their stress. Restrain

A drive cap that requires an adapter for different shapes of piles. It is used only with an adapter
Slurry Wall panel constructed with end forming devices at both ends.
See Indicator Pile
Pile which is part of a specified pile foundation, as opposed to a preliminary test pile.
The number of piles which can be installed in a defined period of time, i.e. piles driven per 8
hour day

A protective end reinforcement for steel sheet piling

Trade name for a protective cast-steel pile point for H-Piles
Pounds per square inch (foot), the English unit of measure of pressure

Post Tensioning Institute.

A technique for achieving an uncontrolled degree of compaction of granular fill by saturating the
soil after it is dumped into the excavation.
See Uplift Capacity

Elastic compression of soil during pile driving. A term utilized in wave equation analysis.

A wharf which is built parallel to the shore line.

A maintained pile load test with time intervals less than 20 minutes between adding load
increments. (reference ASTM D1143).
A condition rather than a type of soil. Generally, a fine granular soil temporarily super-saturated
with rising water and acting as a fluid under pressure. See Liquefaction
Symbol for piling capacity in tons. Example; 2R is a term meaning twice design capacity
See Pile Monkey. Also sometimes used for Tremie Plug or Go-Devil

Severe bouncing of the casing of a power pile hammer during driving operations

Usually three recycled railroad rails with edges of their bases welded together and the heads
out, driven as a unit
A pile driver mounted on a crane with railroad undercarriage for convenient transportation on the
rails and operation on track.

Sloping brace, which provides lateral support by transferring forces against a footing or other
structural element within the excavation.
See Inclined Pile.
See Inclined Pile.
The moving or driving part of an air, steam, diesel or drop pile hammer which delivers an impact
blow to an anvil and to the pile. Also called Piston if fitted with piston rings.
The part of the ram that comes closest to the impact surface of the pile. Sometimes a separate
unit of the ram

A pile serving as a guide for locating piles or other structures, or for marine surveying or
dredging.
See Wale

See Doodle Hole

The specified operation speed for a pile hammer in blows per minute
Trade name for a spirally corrugated light gauge shell made in 4 to 16 ft. sections of increasing
diameter to form a step-tapered pile.
Reverse Circulation Drilling
See Anchor Pile

A tool attached to the drilling bucket or auger to cut or enlarge the bell at the base of a drilled
shaft or caisson.
See Cage
1. Amount of upward movement of the head of a pile following a blow from the hammer, by
reason of the elastic properties of the pile as well as of the soils into which it is driven. Also
called Temporary Compression. 2. The upward movement of the head of

A temporary wood or steel sheet piling, braced, single-walled, rectangular-shaped enclosure

installed to permit construction of a foundation below ground or water level.

The condition reached when a pile or soil sampler being driven by a hammer has negligible
penetration per blow (as when the point of the pile reaches an impenetrable bottom such as
rock), or when the effective energy of the hammer blow is no longer suffic
A tube with injection ports installed in a tieback, tiedown or a minipile, and used for secondary
grouting.

Addition of steel to the concrete to provide tensile or bending strength.

1. See density index. 2. See compactness condition.
The characteristic of a pile that shows a decreased static capacity after driving due to pore water
pressure changes, soil remolding, stress redistributing in the soil, and other factors.

Soil formed in situ by rock decay and left as a residue after the leaching out of more soluble
products.

The sum total of all the forces that oppose the penetration of a pile under a hammer blow or a
static force.
The factor used for decreasing a soil resistance; See Factored resistance.
A factor used to modify (reduce) the calculated factored resistance of a foundation unit.

The maximum or ultimate soil resistance mobilized in shear along the shaft of a pile or
foundation unit.
The maximum or ultimate soil resistance mobilized at the toe of a pile or foundation unit.
The maximum or ultimate soil resistance mobilized by a foundation unit; See Capacity.

Driving (striking) a previously driven pile with the same hammer to observe increase (setting) or
decrease (relaxation) in pile support capacity.
A structure constructed to withstand the lateral pressure of earth behind it and its own weight
imposed on the soil beneath it.

1. A counter-flow method of circulation drilling fluid and spoil in a drill hole. In the direct
circulation method drilling fluid pumped down a hollow drill pipe, around the drill bit, and back to
the surface in the annular space around the drill pipe and
Hollow stem chisel with provision to draw bentonite slurry and drill cuttings up the stem during
drilling.
A means of stabilizing a bore by maintaining a head of water in the bore above the level of the
surrounding water table
See Drive Cap
See Pile Driver

Large pieces of hard rock placed on a slope to minimize wave wash and erosion

A natural aggregate of minerals that cannot readily be broken by hand. The ultimate soils
material upon which to base a foundation. The compressive strength of good stone is greatly in
excess of that of masonry. Limestones may be subject to caving as a re
High Tensile bars or cables grouted into holes drilled into rock. See Appendix C

Pile toe protection point specifically designed to develop a toe hold on rock, or to improve
penetration into boulder infested soils.
A measure of the degree of fracturing in rock cores defined as the ratio of the accumulated
lengths (minimum 100 mm) of sound rock over the total core length.
A special type of pile shoe.
That portion of the pile bore which penetrates into a hard formation beneath less competent
overburden. See Drilled-in-Caisson

See Offshore Lead

A method of boring using rotary ( as opposed to percussive) means of excavation
Rotary grinding and cutting device primarily used to fracture or soften rock.
1. A drill machine powered hydraulically, pneumatically, electrically, or mechanically to bore
exploratory holes or for installation of piles, caissons, or insitu piles. The equipment may utilize a
continuous flight auger or a rotary table and Kelly bar w

1. A channel with flanges down attached to the top of a square pile or timber to serve as a
bearing plate for the pile cap and to which one or more angles may be attached for retaining the
pile cap. 2. A frame that locks the hammer in the leads
A load less than that which would cause objectional settlement, with a factor of safety as
necessary to provide for variations in material, workmanship and loading. The safe load for a
group of friction piles may be less than the sum of the safe loads for
A factor modifying (reducing) overall capacity or strength as used in working stress design.
(Usually having upper case symbol "F". Lower case symbols, "f", are used for factors in ultimate
limit states design). The safety factor is defined as a ratio of

The margin (dimensional) between mobilized resistance, applied load, or actual value, and
maximum available resistance or acceptable value, e.g., the margin between the mobilized
shear stress and the shear strength, or the margin between calculated settle
A coarse grass growing in salt marsh areas; used for rough caulking of breast boarding and
around cofferdams.

See Spoon Blows

The category of coarse-grained soil whose particles sizes range between about 0.07 mm and
5mm in diameter
A horizontal member securing the piles in a bent.
Calibrated device used to measure percentage of sand by volume suspended in a slurry.
Percentage of sand by volume suspended in a slurry or drilling fluid. See Sand Cone.
Vertical sand columns installed to speed drainage and rapid consolidation of marshy land. Also
called Sand Pile and Sand Wick.

Trade name for a device for remote measuring of the stroke of an open-end diesel hammer
Southern Building Code.

The specific identification of what, to what standards, and where activity is to be accomplished to
fulfill an agreement to perform a task and be compensated for said performance to complete a
project.
To erode soils such as from a river bank or around and under a pier by the circular orbits or fast
flow of water

(See Helical Screw Anchor)

A pile with spiral blade fixed on a shaft or a shaped precast pile, which is screwed into ground by
a rotating force.

A work constructed along a shore line of loose mounds or heaps of rubble, or masonry walls
supplemented with treated timber, steel or reinforcing concrete sheet piling driven into the beach
and strengthened by wales and guide and brace piles. Intended as

A pile drilled so as to overlap, or cut into, an adjacent pile.

A wall formed by a series of overlapping concrete piles that are drilled and grouted in place, and
generally reinforced with a steel core beam.

Slurry wall panel cast against previously concreted panels.

Soil particles deposited at the base of wet-processed bored piles or drilled shafts.
Small quantity of water percolating through a soil deposit or soil structure such as an earth dam.
The quantity of subsurface water leaking into a cofferdam or a building's underground
( basement) area.

Undesirable characteristic of concrete. Separation of the constitutents of the concrete mixture

such that their distribution in the concrete is no longer uniform.

The method of determining subsurface soil and rock conditions (without excavation) by inducing
a shock wave into the earth and measuring the velocity of the wave's travel through the earth
material. This seismic velocity indicates the types of material it

Instrument used to measure and record the motion of vibrating earth, typically consisting of
three sensors on mutually perpendicular axes. Used to establish compliance and evaluate
vibration impact. See also Seismometer.
A device for monitoring the direction and intensity of vibration of ground or structures.

Concrete that achieves adequate compaction by its self-weight and the placement procedure
without requiring vibration. This type of concrete is used for cast-in-place bored piles or drilled
shafts, barrettes, and diaphragm walls where vibration of concret
Concrete that achieves proper consolidation by its self-weight without requiring vibration. This
type of concrete is typically used for flatwork, but is beginning to be used in deep foundations.
The high fluidity of self-consolidating concrete makes the t

The ratio of a soils undisturbed strength to its disturbed strength.

1. The net penetration of a pile into the ground per blow or specific series of blows of a pile
hammer. 2. The final penetration of a pile or final set, expressed in inches or millimeters per
blow.

The downward movement of a foundation unit or soil layer due to rapidly or slowly occuring
compression of the soils located below the foundation unit or soil layer, when the compression is
caused by an increase of effective stress due to an applied load o

Measuring points installed to monitor movement of ground, buildings, structures adjacent to

deep excavations.
Total downward of a pile or pile group under applied load.

Settlement of a pile, measured at the top, after removal of test load

The increase in resistance of a pile with time after driving.

U-shaped drop-forged cast steel fitting with locking pin for attaching cable or chain lifting device
to a load.

Pressurized injection of cement-based grout along portion of a pile shaft to improve condition or
capacity. Mainly applied to wet-processed bored piles or drilled shafts constructed under
bentonite slurry
The resistance mobilized on the shaft (side) of a deep foundation. Upward acting resistance is
called positive shaft resistance. Downward acting is called negative shaft resistance (See also
negative skin friction).
Soil resistance acting downward along the pile shaft because of an applied uplift load.
Soil resistance acting upward along the pile shaft because of an applied compressive load.

A foundation unit that provides support for a building by transferring loads to soil or rock located
close to the lowest part of the building.

The ability of a soil to resist shearing stresses developed within a soil mass as a result of
loading imposed onto the soil
See Head Block
A pile that may form one of a continuous line or row of timber, precast concrete, or steel piles
driven interlocked to provide a tight wall to exclude or resist the lateral pressure of water,
adjacent earth, or other materials.

See Helical Metal Shell.

Act of placing a corrugated shell on the core or mandrel before it is set for driving into the
ground. See Doodle Hole.
See Drive Cap
See Marine Borer
Reinforcing plates added to flanges and possible web of H-section to reinforce the point to
improve penetration into dense materials. See Pile Shoe.
Running steel sheet piles up and down in the interlocks to insure they are free sliding before
driving
Detailed drawing expanding on information shown on design drawing. Work can be constructed
from this drawing.
1. Support for the sides of any excavation. 2. Support for structure, especially in underpinning.
See Bracing

See End Pipe.

Colloquial term for inclination of a pile left or right from the boom direction
A part of a pile hammer fitted to the sides of the hammer which engage the rails of a set of leads
to hold the mammer in the leads. Also called Angle Iron Guides, Grooves, Gibs, Jaws Ways,
Side Guides.

See Side Channels.

Pan or tray-like equipment having a screen or mesh bottom; used in laboratory or field work to
separate particles of a soil sample into their various sizes.

A lubricator containing a view of the oil flow, which is installed in the fluid line to supply oil to
lubricate a pile hammer. See Oiler.
Sheet pile installed by pressing (hydraulic action is commonly used) rather than vibration to
avoid damage to adjacent structures.

A fine residual soil or alluvial sediment of mud or fine soil deposited from running or standing
water. Feels velvety, smooth and floury between the fingers. Silt particles range in size from
0.002 to 0.074 mm.

See Diesel Hammer, Open End.

A pile hammer in which motive fluid lifts the ram on the up stroke and gravity alone acts on the
down stroke.
The metes and bounds of an area of earth designated for a project.
An overall description of the site for a project; ground cover, relative elevations, surrounding
environment, the presence of surface water and the normal water table, soil borings, known
history, as well as the available access and egress. See Soil Inves
The appraisal of the general subsurface conditions by analysis of information gained by such
methods as geological and geophysical surveys, in-situ testing, sampling, visual inspection,
laboratory testing of samples of the subsurface materials, and ground
Colloquial term. See Compound Inclination Pile.
1. A pile driving rig consisting of a fluid power supply, hoisting apparatus, pile hammer and
leads, all mounted upon a common sled for movement on skids or rollers. Also called a Pile
Frame. 2. A soil boring rig on skids for movement by pushing or drag
See Shaft resistance.

Soil resistance acting downward along the pile as a result of movement of the soil along the pile
and inducing compression in the pile.
Soil resistance acting upward along the pile shaft caused by swelling of the soil that induces
tension in the pile.
An extension fastened to the sides of a pile hammer to engage the leads of template supported
timber, pipe, concrete or H-pile to keep the hammer centered upon, and in vertical alignment
with, the pile to permit the hammer's operation free hanging.

Crumbling and disintegration of earth material when exposed to air and moisture.

A metal adaptor used to splice pipe by driving the two pipes on the sleeve. An inside sleeve
decreases the I.D. at the splice while maintaining the pipe O.D.

A metal adaptor used to splice pipe by driving the two pipes into a force-fit sleeve. An outside
sleeve increases the O.D.

A pile driven into the earth to consolidate the soil and help to prevent it from sliding down a
slope.
Small hole cut in a pile for attachment of a shackle for handling.
A viscous liquid (normally a bituminous coating) applied to the pile surface. It is expected to
shear under the downward force of settling soil and minimize additional load from downdrag.
See Negative Skin Friction.

Pipe device installed vertically in the wall or adjacent ground used to guide a slope-measuring
device (inclinometer), which measures wall or ground movement.

A maintained pile load test with time intervals greater than 20 minutes. See MLT.
Serviceablity Limit States.
Fine sedimental soil material still consolidating in underwater conditions.
A measure of workability (consistency) of fresh concrete - ASTM C143/C143M-05a Standard
Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic Cement Concrete. It is performed with a truncated cone 12
in. high, 4 in. diameter at the top and 8 in. diameter at the bottom, fill
A mixture of water and clay (bentonite or mineral clay) or polymer in colloidal suspension. Used
in excavated shafts or walls to suspend particles for removal while balancing soil pressure
against sloughing.
Construction of a bored pile or drilled shaft using slurry or supporting fluid to stabilize the
excavation. Concrete is placed from the bottom up, displacing the slurry as the concrete surface
rises within the excavation. Also referred to as the Wet-proce
Individual trained and experienced in the mixing, cleaning and use of drilling slurries as well as
all operations necessary to properly construct a slurry wall or cutoff wall.

An excavation filled with bentonite slurry. Also, a trench backfilled with blended impervious
soils or cement bentonite. Also, called a Slurry Wall.
An underground wall constructed by mechanical excavating techniques using bentonite slurry to
maintain trench wall stability. Wall may be used as an underground water barrier (see Cutoff
Wall) by filling with impervious materials such as concrete or mixt
See Slurry Trench Wall.
Soil which, when saturated, or near saturated, and subjected to a shearing force, will lose all or
part of its strength. The dominant grain size fraction in this soil is usually medium and coarse
silt. Soak-sensitive soil is frost-susceptible soil and,
Embedment of a wall or foundation into a bearing and/or impervious strata.
See Drilled-in-Caisson.

The portion of the earth's crust which is fragmentory, or such that some individual particles of a
dried sample can be readily separated by agitation in water; it includes boulders, cobbles,
gravel, sand, silt, clay, and organic matter.
A high-strength steel tendon installed in the earth with anchoring provision in soil that will resist
movement and prestressed against a wall by an anchoring device. See Appendix C.
A small diameter hole drilled into the soil for the purposes of obtaining earth samples and
exploring the subsurface conditions.
The complete record of what was found from drilling one soil exploration hole.

A dynamic soil resistance force that is a direct function of pile velocity.

Often designated by "J" with a unit of measure of second/ft. According to Smith's definition, soil
damping equals J x pile velocity x static soil resistance.
See Geotechnical Engineer.

See Fill, Backfill.

A study of the earth in the area of a foundation consisting of sampling, classification, preparation
of logs of borings and a report setting forth conclusions and recommendations. It is basic to the
design of foundations and is required by most up-to-dat

A ground improvement technique in which soil is mixed in place with augers while cement is
added.

A drilled and grouted steel element advanced into the ground to reinforce and stabilize a soil
mass.
An earth retention system utilizing soil nails and a structural facing, typically shortcrete, to create
a stable soil mass having a vertical or near vertical exposed face.
A soil stabilization method that involves installing closely spaced Soil Nails in the soil/rock face
to increase its overall shear strength.

Material that rises inside an open-end pile as it is driven.

The resistance of the soil to penetration of a pile varies according to soil type and density. It is
measured in terms of penetration or permanent set per number of blows, i.e. 20 blows per foot.
Granular soils typically produce less resistance to a pile placed by vibrator, compared to a pile
driven by hammer impact. Typically measured by rate of penetration (speed) i.e., mm/s. See
Vibro-driveability.
The equipment used to extract soil samples from borings or test pits made in a subsurface
investigation.
Soil Screws are a type of helical anchorage in which the steel helix plates are attached to the
central steel shaft at regular intervals along the entire length of the shaft. They are used as
closely spaced linear reinforcing elements in gravity composi
Treatment of soil to improve its properties; includes the mixing of additives and other means of
alteration such as compaction or drainage. Also called Soil Improvement.
A type of reinforced slurry wall panel with beam sections installed vertically into the wall. Also,
called "SPTC" type of wall panel.
A steel beam or pile section installed vertically into the wall to act as an end stop device or
structural reinforcing for a panel. Also called a Soldier Pile.

A steel H or WF section driven (or placed in drilled hole) normally vertical, at intervals of several
feet to hold horizontal lagging, which is installed to retain soil as excavation proceeds. Also
called Soldier Beam.

The density of the solid particles in a soil.

A machine designed to drive piles using high frequency vibrations in the lower sonic range that
cause the pile to resonate.
See cross-hole sonic logging

A method of examining soil to 20 to 30 ft depth by driving or hydraulically pushing a cone, steel

rod or small diameter pipe (gas pipe) into the ground with a hammer or maul. With experience,
the movement of the rod or pipe under each hammer blow can giv
Device attached to the face of a reinforcing cage to position the cage in the excavation, and
provide the required concrete cover.

Old term for density of material divided by density of water. See Solid density.
Project-specific requirements indicating applicable codes, standards, and guidelines. Normally,
Performance Specifications stipulate the end-results without detailing how to achieve them,
whereas Compliance Specifications detail mandatory methods, materi

See Brace.
A small wooden peg, hence a spile or pile.
Strip steel or plate turned into an open pipe with the longitudinal (spiral) joint welded into a tight
seam.
The joint of two pile segments.
A pile composed of two or more segments of equal or different sections secured end to end, to
form one pile. See Composite Pile.

Earth, rock debris, etc. to be disposed of.

The blows of a 140 lb hammer falling 30 in. onto a 2 in. O.D. x 1 3/8 in. I.D. split-spoon sampler.
See N Value.

See Brace.

An enlarged foundation under a column or load to reduce the total bearing stress per square
foot to carry the load directly upon the soil or rock.
See Brace.

A fender so built that impact is taken up in part by steel springs, plates or rubber, or by elastic
bending of the stucture.
Standard Penetration Test. See N Value.
1. A short, strong member, driven and then removed, to break through a hard crust of material or
to make a hole for inserting a pile which is too long for placing directly in the driver lead. 2. A
moveable vertical pipe or H-section placed through a stron
Devices bolted to a pile hammer to engage it with and permit it to slide along a spud lead.
Sometimes called gib.
A steel wide-flange or H-beam used in place of leads. The hammer engages and slides upon
one flange of the beam through the use of spud clips bolted to the hammer. Also called H-beam
Lead, Monkey Stick, or Pony Lead. See Sketches, Appendix B.
The act of opening a hole through dense material by dropping or driving a spud.
Tubular precast reinforced concrete pile, hollow and open-ended. Commonly installed by driving
with diesel hammer
See Groin.
See Inclined Pile.
Fabricated steel points fastened to the very bottom of swinging box(U) leads, or H-beam leads.

Slurry used to support the sidewalls of a slurry trench excavation.

The surveying act of putting stakes in the ground where the piles are to be driven.
Prefabricated steel or concrete columns pre-installed in bored piles or drilled shafts to be used
as support for Top-Down construction of below-grade structures.
See N Value.

Testing axial compression capacity of a pile by applying load. Movement of the pile is measured
during testing. ASTM D1143. See also Load Test.

Proprietary name for a method of load testing a pile in which load is applied to the pile through a
pressure chamber by burning solid fuel. Unloading occurs by controlled venting of pressure.
Calibrated to provide equivalent static load-deflection plot.
Usually two horizontal timbers placed on opposite sides of a row of piles and drawn together by
bolts to pull the piles into line.

See Box Lead.

A rolled-steel section with web and flanges nearly the same thickness. The width and depth are
approximately equal. Also called H-Beam.
Pipe in any wall thickness or diameter; it may be driven closed end or open end. Also called
Tube Pile
A cast-in-place concrete pile formed by installing successively larger sections of corrugated shell
or thin-wall pile; ordinarily installed with a mandrel that bears on a connector between lengths. A
cuneiform pile.
Plates welded between flanges of structural shapes to reinforce against concentrated loading,
as for testing.

See Brace.

Coarse crushed stone or gravel injected into poor bearing soil by jetting and vibro-displacement
to improve carrying capacity. See Vibroflotation.
See End Pipe.
An excavation made into the ground in a series of steps or benches.
Plates fastened between flanges of an H, or other steel pile at right angles to the vertical axis,
for the purpose of increasing the pile's bearing area. See Lagged Pile.

See Banding.

Unindirectional force per unit area (Compare pressure).

The total stress in a particular direction minus the pore pressure.

The length of a tieback or a tiedown that is not bonded to the surrounding soil or rock.

The direction of a geologic boundary exposed at the ground surface relative to the north. See
also Dip.
See Anvil.
A cord used as a guide for straightness.
A member at right angles to, and resting on or clamped to pile caps, forming a support for the
superstructure.

The distance traveled up or down by the ram of a pile hammer.

1. A compression member extended horizontally form bent to bent, or pile to pile in a bent, and
serving as a stiffening member. 2. A compression member extending from waler to support
point which may be another waler or the ground. 3. See Brace.

See Settlement Point

Small excavation or pit provided in a low point of construction to serve as a collection basin for
surface water and near surface underground water.
Usually a self-priming centrifugal type pump capable of handling water with high mud content.

A surface loading that is additional to the soil load behind a retaining wall.

See illustration #6
See Settlement Point

The professional responsible for determining and locating in the field the horizontal and vertical
coordinates for the project, as defined by the design engineer.

A thin wall pipe pile with bottom closed by a slightly tapered precast point. Driving is done by a
mandrel on the point, dragging the pile down-with an assist from a shoulder on the exact length
mandrel. See Caudill Drive Point Pile. Also called core d
See Leads, Swinging.
See Lead, Cardonic.
See Tube Manchette.

1. Term used to describe small weld used for temporary purpose. 2. Phrase used to describe
the act of hitting sheet piles down with haripin so they will have some penetration into the
ground to stabilize the wall as used in "tack the sheets."
A wall formed by a series of contiguous (tangent) concrete piles that are drilled and grouted in
place and generally reinforced with a steel core.
Pile with a taper.
A proprietary name for tapered steel piles, usually having twelve(12) sides and fitted with a cast
steel driving point. The pile is filled with concrete after installation. This pile is designed to carry
heavy loads in friction in poor soils and is top dr
See Caisson Hammer.
A heavy device with hydraulic rams attached to several individual sheet piles; rams are operated
separately to push or pull a sheet while others furnish reaction.
A structure which holds a pile hammer in box leads that are wider than the hammer, and permits
extended driving by carrying the hammer beyond the bottom of the leads. Also called Hairpin,
Pony Leads.
Metal rod used to measure vertical movement of test pile at pre-specified depth in comparison
with movement of pile head at different applied loadings.

Shoring system used primarily to provide soil and water retention during construction, and not
utilized in the permanent construction.
Part of a tieback or a tiedown consisting of prestressing steel, anchorage, corrosion protection,
sheathing and coating (if required), spacers and centralizers

The head of a timber pile after being cut or shouldered to accommodate splicer or other devices.

See Uplift Capacity.

A pile designed to resist uplift.

See Marine Borer.

The criterion for when to terminate driving a pile. May be determined by depth of pile
penetration, or by blow count per unit of penetration. Not to be confused with Refusal, the point
at which a pile can be driven no further.

See Soil Boring.

See Load Test.

1. A pile driven to ascertain driving conditions and probable required lengths. 2. A pile on which
a static or dynamic load test also may be made to determine its capacity and the carrying
capacity of the soils. 3. A pile driven as a guide for efficie
A method of examining soil by excavating a pit to permit direct examination of the materials in
place and its degree of compaction, as well as permit test loads directly on what will be the
foundation soils.

See Quick Test. See also ASTM D1143

See illustration #12.

Corrugated shell or thin pipe, concrete filled, driven with aid of mandrel. See Swage Pile,
Helical Shell.

The property exhibited by a slurry that gels when undisturbed and returns to a viscous fluid
when stirred or agitated.
See Lace.
A quick-acting valve mounted in the motive fluid line used to control the flow of fluid to a
steam/air pile hammer.

1) A rod or cable grouted or fixed to an in-ground anchor to resist soil or other pressure on walls
or structures. See Anchor Pile. 2) A system consisting of a Helical Screw Anchor, screw anchor
extension shafts and a tieback plate used to resist soil o
Device cast into the wall intended to permit the installation of a tieback through the wall and the
transfer of the tieback load to the wall. Also, called tieback sleeve.
A type of Tieback installed vertically to resist upward forces

Dense heterogeneous mixture of fine-grained and coarse-grained material of glacial origin and
compaction. It often contains significant quantities of boulders and cobbles. See Glacial Till and
Hardpan.
Instrument used to measure inclination of a structure. Typically used to monitor sensitive
structures adjacent to excavation and construction sites.

A cut tree, usually debarked, and pressure treated with creosote or other preservative, usually
driven small end down. Probably the earliest form of pile.

See Pile Toe.

See Pile Penetration.

Also called "base-grouting". Injection of cement-based grout at pile toe to improve condition or
bearing capacity. Commonly applied for wet-processed bored piles or drilled shafts in Europe
and Asia.
Soil resistance acting against the pile toe.
Allowed variation from the design location of a foundation element or pile.
See Anvil.
See Head Block.
See Pile Monkey. Also sometimes used for Tremie Plug or Go-Devil
See Anvil.
Method of constructing a structure from grade downward, constructing the roof and/or floor slabs
of the structure in stages with excavation proceeding below the slabs. Typically a diaphragm wall
or contiguous pile wall earth-retaining structure and stanch
Rotational energy delivered by rotary type, hydraulic power driven torque motor used to screw
helical anchorages/foundations into soil.
The empirical relationship between rotational energy used to install a helical
anchorage/foundation and its axial load capacity. The higher the installation torque, the higher
the axial capacity of the installed helical anchorage/foundation.

An analysis using undrained soil parameters, and not separating the influence of pore water
pressure.
A proprietary precast concrete-tip pile with thin-shell shaft, driven with the aid of a mandrel.
A structure constructed along a river of loose mounds or heaps of rubble, with or without a
surmounting masonry wall, timber, close timber piling, wood sheet piling, steel sheet piling or
reinforced concrete to direct the flow of the river into a more fav

The energy transferred to the pile head and determined as the integral over time of the product
of force, velocity, and pile impedance.
1. Placing concrete below water or slurry level through a pipe, the lower end of which is kept
immersed in fresh concrete so that the rising concrete from the bottom displaces the water or
slurry without washing out cement content. 2. The hopper and drop
Concrete placed by the tremie method.

Pipe through which concrete is placed in a slurry-filled panel or shaft.

Device placed in a tremie pipe, intended to minimize mixing of the concrete and slurry or water
at the start of the concrete placement operation. See also Go-Devil, Rabbit

See Hydromill Excavator.

A large heavy tool dropped on a line down a bore hole to advance the excavation in rock under
water.
1. A temporary work bridge to provide access to work site and support equipment; frequently
used in rivers for access to pier construction. 2. A timber, reinforced concrete or steel structure,
which is used to support a pile rig during driving. 3. A bridg

See European Lead.

A type of drill bit that has three conical rollers equipped with rock-cutting teeth. Also called a
Rock Roller bit
1. A block in the leads of a drop hammer causing the release of the weight at a predetermined
height. 2. Mechanical device used in diesel hammer to both pick up the hammer and to start
the hammer. Also called Trip Block or Tripping Device.
Pile hammer lead fabricated with four main chords in a generally rectangular shape with the
chords being connected by diagonal bracing. May have internal diagonals to form a tetrahedral
design. The pile hammer is mounted in front of and rides on two of
Title of computer wave equation program standing for Texas Transportation Institute, developed
at Texas A & M University for the Federal Highway Administration.
A steel pipe pile.

Pipe with flexible rubber sleeves that cover pre-drilled holes in a pipe at specific intervals.
Pressurized grouting through a packer forces grout through the holes past the flexible rubber
sleeves into the ground outside for the purposes of strengthening

See Box Lead; Appendix B.

Universal Building Code.
Ultimate Limit States: A structural engineering design methodology that defines performance
criteria (deflection, strength, settlement, etc.) that must be met when the structure is subjected to
anticipated loading.

1. The maximum load which a single pile will support. 2. The load at which unacceptable
movement of the pile begins to occur.
The maximum load, computed as a total load or as a load per pile, which the foundation will
support without unacceptable movement. See Safe Load.
See ULS

The velocity of an ultrasonic pulse through concrete or grout is a function of the modulus and
density of the material. UPV is therefore a useful guide to quality and uniformity, and can be
used to identify anomalous zones in a deep foundation shaft. The
Also called "dynamic force" and "rated driving force". See Illustration #9
A column of concrete placed and left in the ground without encasement. See Augered Pile.

See Top-down Method.

Piles, piers, walls, sheet piling, or other supports added to or replacing foundations under an
existing structure to preserve the integrity of the structure or increase its load capacity.

Enlargement of the lower end of an augered or drilled pile, shaft or caisson to increase its
bearing area. Also called a Bell.

Driving a pile underwater by operating the hammer under water. Provisions must be made for
hammer exhaust to the atmosphere for both steam or compressed air powered pile hammers.

A soil classification system based on grain size distribution, liquid limit and plasticity index of the
soil.

The weight per unit volume of a material such as soil, water, concrete, etc. Typically expressed
as pounds per cubic foot, grams per cubic centimeter, or kilograms per cubic meter.
Use of the top-down method to excavate the basement while simultaneously constructing the
superstructure.

The resistance of piles to pulling out of the ground. The ability of a pile to resist uplift and
overturn forces due to wind and hydrostatic pressure. See Anchor Pile.

United States Department of Transportation.

A four-bladed vane is forced into undisturbed soil ahead of sampling tube and rotated so the soil
shears. Peak and remolded shearing resistance is recorded.

See Continuous Flight Auger.

See Leads, Semifixed.

Geotechnical instrument used to measure strain in reinforcement or mass concrete of

foundation or structural members such as cast-in-place bored piles, struts, etc.

A pile driving and extracting machine which is mechanically connected to a pile and drives or
extracts the pile by oscillating it through the soil. Power source may be either electric or
hydraulic. See Illustration #4 & 5.
See Vibratory Driver/Extractors

Ground improvement method in which loose granular soil at depth is densified by the vibrations
generated by a vibratory probe inserted into the ground.
Qualitative term to rate the predicted ease or difficulty of vibrating a pile into place, considering
the soil conditions and vibrator type. Used to differentiate from "driveability". See illustration #14,
Appendix B.
Trade name for a means of densifying non-cohesive soils by deep vibration coupled with air or
waterjetting. A Vibroflot is the instrument used, with an internal motor driving eccentric weights.

Measure of shear strength of a liquid.

The total volume occupied by a soil mass includes the soil particles plus void spaces (which in
nature always exist between the particles because of their irregular shape). The void ratio is the
ratio of the void space volume to the volume of soil solids

Timber sheet piles consisting of three planks bolted or spiked together, with the middle plank
offset so as to form a tongue along one edge and a corresponding groove on the other. See
Sheet Pile.
1. A horizontal structural member placed along a line of piles or support system to accept the
load from the piles or sheets and transmit it to struts, shoring or other bracing. 2. A rubbing strip
or fender on the face of docks.

The thickness of the metal of a pile.

1. A method of advancing a boring by means of rotary drilling utilizing water or a bentonite slurry
to stabilize the sides of the opening. 2. A method of examining soil, usually in soft soil or clay, by
driving a pipe into the ground and then inserting a

The ratio of the quantity (by weight) of water in a given volume of soil mass to the weight of the
soil solids, typically expressed as a percentage.
See Jetting.
The subsurface elevation at which water will usually be present. Also called Groundwater.

The ratio of the weight of mix water to the weight of cementitious elements (cement and fly ash).

Wall exhibiting a surface free of running water. Patches of moisture or beads of water, [like
beads of sweat] may be evident, but free flowing water is not present throughout the wall
surface.

A mathematical equation that describes the mechanics of force transmission along an elastic
rod (pile) that has been subjected to a mass having a specific initial velocity from which the
energy transmission and stress at any point along a pile being drive

The speed of propagation of a stress wave in a foundation shaft or pile.

A graphic representation of a force or velocity measurement plotted against time.

See Side Channels.

Title of computer program standing for Wave Equation Analysis of Piles. Developed by GRL for
the Federal Highway Administration. Also called GRLWEAP.

The perforated bottom end section of a well pipe which permits the groundwater to be drawn
into the pipe for collection and disposal or use.

Construction of a bored pile or drilled shaft using slurry or supporting fluid. Prepared slurry such
as Bentonite, or polymer or unprepared slurry such as water is commonly used as supporting
fluid during drilling to stabilize the borehole. Also known as
The World Federation of Engineering Organisations established with the support of UNESCO. It
has eighty national engineering institutions as its members, who meet together every two years
in the General Assembly of the supreme governing body.
The generic term for a landing place or platform built at the edge or out into water for the
berthing of vessels.

Prefabricated vertical drain installed into the ground for the purpose of speeding up
consolidation of fine-grained soils. The wick drain attached to a small anchor plate is installed
with the assistance of a tubular mandrel. The mandrel is installed by v
Rolled structural steel section in an H shape but with greater depth than flange width, and
flanges thicker than the web. See Steel H-Pile.
Short length or strips of steel welded near the toe of a steel H-pile to increase its bearing
capacity.
A Deep Soil Mixing Method (or DSMM) in which a slurry of stabilising reagent is injected to the
desired depth of stabilisation through the stem of a hollow auger shaft either during penetration
or withdrawal. This process can form a single column or group

Flow characteristics of concrete. Important property of concrete for bored piles or drilled shafts,
barrettes and diaphragm walls if concrete placement is by tremie method or pumping. The
slump test is most commonly used to assess workability.

See Design Load.

See Production Piles.

See Modulus of Elasticity.

FRENCH

GERMAN

essai de rception

Abnahmeprfung

SPANISH

Bohrpfahl
pousse des terres

aktiver Erddruck

empuje activo de tierras

adaptateur

Verbindungsstck

adaptador

adjuvant

Zusatzmittel

aditivo

adhrence

Adhsion

adhesin

produit d'addition, mlange

Beimischung, Zusatz

material adicinal

eau adsorbe

adsorbiertes Wasser

agua adsorbida

loess

loes

Zuschlagstoff
Luft

arido, agregado
aire

cadre triangulaire

inclinaison arrire

granulat (agrgat)
air

entranement d'air

Luftporenzusatz

manche air, gaine

Druckluftschlauch,
Ansaugschlauch

aire incluido, aire

atrapado
manguera de aire

extraction/lvateur air
comprim

sas air

force portante limite

zulssige Tragfhigkeit

carga admisible, carga de

seguridad del terreno

force portante limite des

pieux

Pfahltragfhigkeit

capacidad admisible de
un pilote

alluvions
tirant d'ancrage

Alluvium
Anker

aluvin

tte d'ancrage

Ankerkopf

poids mort

Erdanker

muerto

rideau d'ancrage, mur

d'ancrage
ancrage, plaque de'ancrage

Ankerwand

muro de anclaje

Verankerung, Verankern,
Ankerplatte

anclaje, placa de anclaje

palplanche ancree

verankerte Spundwand

tablestaca anclada

ferrure angulaire

angle de talus naturel

anode
anomalie

natrlicher
Bschungswinkel
Anode

ngulo de talud natural

nodo

enclume

longueur libre quivalente

Rechnerische freie
Stahllnge

contrainte appliquee

auftretende Spannung

tensin aplicada

ecran, tablier, voile

Dichtungsschrze

pantalla, cortina

couche impermable

wasserundurchlssige
Schicht

acuicluso

effet de voute

Gewlbewirkung

efecto de arco

pression artsienne

artesischer Druck

presin artesiana

pression au repos

Erdruhedruck

empuje en reposo

atomisation, par impact

atomisation, par injection

limites d'Atterberg

Zustandsgrenzen nach
Atterberg

lmites de Atterberg

mche, tarire

Erdbohrer

barrena de gusanillo

forage la tarire

Erdbohrung,
Aufschlubohrung
Schneckenbohrpfahl

sondeo con barrena

pieu la tarire continue

creuse (CFA)

pieu extrud

Bohrpfahl

Equipement de commande
automatique

remblai

Hinterfllung, Verfllung

relleno

pelle rtrocaveuse

ziehend arbeitender
Lffelbagger

retroexcavadora

Schlammbchse,
Kiespumpe

cuchara de sondeo

bague d'appui
tube sdiment, curette
structure de bande
barrette

Schlitzwandelement

soulvement fondamental/de Sohlenhebung, Sohlauftrieb

base
rupture profonde

Grundbruch

corrimiento profundo

fondation

Keller

cimentacin, stano

pieu inclin
poultre
capacit portante, portance

Schrgpfahl
Balken
Tragfhigkeit

pilote inclinado
viga, vigueta
capacidad de
sustentacin

pieu porteur

Tragpfahl, Druckpfahl

pilote de compresin

charge/pression sur les

Bodenpressung,
appuis
Auflagedruck
charge de scurit, autorise

surface de fatigue/de
roulement
cloison portante
fond rocheux, assise
rocheuse
cloche

Felsuntergrund

presin unitaria ejercida

roca firme

flexion
moment flchissant
bentonite

aufgeweiteter
Injektionsanker
Bohrpfahl mit
Fuaufweiterung
Biegung
Biegemoment
Bentonit

flexin
momento flector
bentonita

berme

Bschung, Berme

berma

faire sauter

sprengen

volar

ressuage

Absetzma

ressuage/sgrgation

garnissage

Aussparung, verkeilen

bloqueo

Rammschlge pro
Lngeneinheit
Schlagzhler

marais, marcage, fondrire Torf

pantano

sable en boulance

hydraulischer Grundbruch

fenmeno de arenas
vivas

Bolzen

perno

contrainte d'adhrence

Verbundfestigkeit

resistencia de adherencia

capot/abat-vent
bme, drome

Ausleger, Trgergurt

forage, sondage

Bohrung, Bohrloch

sondeo

pieu for

Bohrpfahl

pilote perforado

diamtre de sondage

Bohrlochdurchmesser

bollard
boulon
adhrence du bton
longueur engage

1- Forage
2Sondage/carottage

matriaux d'excavation

Entnahmefllmaterial

material de prstamo

Sohlenhebung, Sohlauftrieb
gros bloc
argile de moraine blocs

Felsblock, Gerllstein,
Findling
Geschiebemergel,
Mergellehm

bolo
arcilla glacial con bolos

cadre, tai, entretoise,

tanon

aussteifen, Steife

riostra

fouille taye

ausgesteifte Baugrube

excavacin entibada

tayage, cadrage, blindage

Aussteifung

arriostramiento

charge de rupture
parapet/mur
d'appui/paulement

Bruchspannung
Brstung, Sttzmauer

tensin de rotura

flambement

Knicken

pandeo

btiment

Gebude, Bauwerk

edificio

rglement de construction

Bauvorschriften

cdigo de la construccin

chantier

Baustelle

ubicacin de obra, tajo

bulbe de constraintes

Spannungskonzentration,
"Druckzwiebel"

bulbo de tensiones

crevage de piliers

injection de comblement

Hohlraumverfllung

rideau de palplanches

Verbau, Schott,
Bschungsmauer

bulldozer

Planiermaschine, Bulldozer bulldozer

sous-pression

Auftrieb, Schwimmkraft

subpresin, empuje

poids volumique djaug

Wichte des Bodens unter

Auftrieb

peso especfico
sumergido

gros bout

Pfahlkopf

cabeza (de un pilote)

soutenir, arc-bouter

Strebepfeiler, Sttzpfeiler,
Bogenpfeiler, absttzen

apuntalar

armature

Bewehrungskorb

armadura

caisson

Senkkasten

cajn

ataguia de pared

soudure bord bord

calibrer, talonner

Eichung, Kalibrierung

tarar

encorbellement

Auskragung Kragarm

valadizo

rideau de palplanches en
porte faux

unverankerte Spundbohlen tablestacado sin anclar

grappin

Bloc de garniture

matriaux d'amortissement

Bloc de garniture
capillarite

Kapillaritt

capilaridad

analyse d'un cas

Przidenzfall, Vorbild,
Fallbeschreibung

caso registrado

trou de forage tub

verrohrtes Bohrloch

sondeo entibado

tubage

Verrohrung

tubage, tube de revetment

Verrohrung, Futterrohr

paroi moule en bton

Ortbetonschlitzwand

pieu moul

Ortbetonpfahl

pilote "in situ"

cathode
Protection cathodique

Kathode

ctodo

cavit
centimtre cube

Hohlraum

cavidad

tubo de entibacin

batardeau cellulaire

Zellenfangedamm

ataguia celular

coulis de ciment

Zementsuspension,
Zementmrtel

lechada de cemento

centreur

Zentrierer

centrifugeuse

Zentrifuge

centrifugadora

chambre

Kammer, Kaverne

caverna

rsistance interne
caractristique du tirant

Charakteristischer Innerer
Ankerwiderstand

charges (explosifs)

Sprengstoff, Sprengladung cargas explosivas

injection chimique

chemische Injektion

inyeccin qumica

proprits chimiques

chemische
Zusammensetzung

propiedades qumicas

Meiel

cincel, puntero

Fallmeiel

trpano

bague d'appui
fleuret, burin
cale
trpan biseau
Guide de mandrin

foret percussion/foreuse
cble

benne preneuse deux

coquilles
argile

Greifer

cuchara bivalva

Ton

arcilla

coupeuse d'argile

clavette/liteau
reprsentant technique du
client

Technischer
Bauherrnvertreter

sol grunulomtrie uniforme gleichfrmiger Boden

suelo de granulometra
uniforme

grains grossiers
grains grossiers

grobkrnig
grobkrnig

de grano grueso
de grano grueso

caillou/gallet

Feldstein, Rollkiesel

canto rodado

coefficient de pression du sol Erddruckbeiwert

coeficiente de empuje de
tierras

batardeau

ataguia

Fangedamm

cohsion

Kohsion

cohesin

non cohrent

nicht bindig, kohsionslos

no coherente,
incoherente

collides

Kolloid

coloides

poteau

Sttze, Pfeiler, Sule

columna

compacter

dichtgelagert; verdichten

apisonar

compatibilit
pieu en bton compact

Verdichtbarkeit

compactibilidad

compactage
injection solide

Verdichtungsinjektion
(Kompaktionsinjektion)

pieux battus pour compacter Verdichtungspfahl

le sol

pilotes de compactacin

pieux mixtes

Verbundpfahl

pilotes compuestos

air comprim

Druckluft

aire comprimido

compression

Druck

compresin

pieu en compression

Druckpfahl

onde de compression

Druckwelle

onda de compresin

compresseur

Kompressor

compresor

charge concentree

konzentrierte Last,
Einzellast
Stahlbeton

carga concentrada

revtement en bton
pieu en bton
coulage du bton
tube plongeur

Betonpfahl
Betonierung
Betonierrohr

pilote de hormign
hormigonado

pntromtre cne

Kegeldruckmegert

penetrmetro de cono

essai de compression dans

une enceinte rigide

Druckversuch mit
ensayo de compresin
verhinderter Querdehnung

conglomrat

Konglomerat

bton (arm)

hormign armado,
concreto armado

dosage du bton

consolider
setzen, verdichten
consolidation
vitesse de charge constante gleichmssige
Laststeigerung
essai de chargement
vitesse de' enforcement
constante

weggesteuerte
Probebelastung

injection de contact

Kontaktinjecktion

pression de contact

Berhrungsdruck,
Sohlpressung

conglomerado
consolidar
progresin uniforme de la
carga

presin de contacto

conteneur, cadre

Behlter

pieu la tarire continue

creuse (CFA)

Schneckenbohrpfahl

contenedor

joint de retrait
entrepreneur
tir contrl

Unternehmer
gerichtete Sprengung

contratista
voladura controlada

transporteur

Frderband, Frderer

transportador

carotte de sondage

Kern, Bohrkern

testigo

pieu de sondage

gekernter Pfahl

coupleur
couverture

Koppelelement
Betondeckung

recubrimiento

fissure, crevasse
berceau, marteau

Ri

fisura

fluer, fluage, creep

vitesse limite de fluage

kriechen
Grenzkriechma

reptar

pieux en bois traits la

crosote

Holzpfahl mit Creosot

imprgniert

pilotes de madera
creosotada

Krippenwand, Wand
(Holzsenkkasten)
Kritische Kriechkraft

muro jaula

Schotter, gebrochenes
Material

piedra machacada

Dichtungsschrze

pantalla impermeable,
-lateral

quipe de montage

cabane/hutte

mur gabionn
traction critique de fluage
traverse/crosse

faire entrer de force

barrette cruciforme
pierre broye, roc-

pieu en forme de coin

voile d'tanchit

mur suspendu

matelassage, amortissement abschirmen, abdmpfen

almohadillado

blocs amortisseurs/de
garniture

matelassage, amortissement abschirmen, abdmpfen

almohadillado

tranche, dblai

Einschnitt

trinchera

mur parafouille, radier

Dichtungswand,
Abschluwand

rastrillo impermeable

emporte - pice/bague
coupante

Schneidering

anillo cortante

cylindre

Zylinder

cilindro

barrage

Talsperre, Staudamm

presa

dcoupage/dcolletage

cyclone

Facteur d'amortissement

traction de rfrence

Vorbelastung

poids mort
poids mort

Eigengewicht
Erdanker

peso propio
muerto

temps de descente

Zersetzungszeit, Abklingzeit tiempo de atraso

roche dcompose

zersetztes Gestein

roca descompuesta

dcompression
dcroissement par tranches

Druckentlastung

descompresin

foundation profonde

Tiefgrndung

cimentacin profunda

flche/dviation

Durchbiegung

flecha, desplazamiento

dformation

Verformung

deformacin

degr de compactage

Verdichtungsgrad

grado de apisonado

degr de saturation

Sttigungsgrad

grado de saturacin

retard

Verzgerung

atraso

poids volumtrique

Dichte

densidad

poids volumtrique

Dichte

densidad

dpt
profondeur de stabilit

Ablagerung

depsito

profondeur de la fondation

Grndungstiefe

profondeur de fiche

Eindringtiefe

profundidad de
cimentacin
profundidad de
penetracin

dsableur
installation de dsablage
dessiccation
dessiccation

Austrocknung
Austrocknung

desecacin
desecacin

conception, projet

Bemessung, Entwurf,
Konstruktion

diseo

charge de projet

Belastungsannahme

carga de proyecto

dtails

Einzelheiten, Detaile

planos de detalle

dtrioration
dtonation

Zerfall
Sprengung

deterioro
detonacin

Vorrichtung
Wasserhaltung,
Entwsserung

aparato
agotamiento

Scheibe, Abschluwand,
flexible Dichtung

diafragma, pantalla

variation
appareil
puisement/asschement

cran/diaphragme

rideau souterrain

marteau diesel

cognement comme un diesel

tassement diffrentiel

Setzungsdifferenz,
ungleichmiges Setzen

asiento diferencial

inclinaison

einfallen, steichen

inclinacin

dsintgration

Zerfall, Auseinanderfallen

desintegracin

dplacement

Verschiebung,
Frdermenge (Pumpe)

corrimiento,
desplazamiento

injection avec dplacement

du sol

Verdrngungsinjektion

pieu de dplacement

Verdrngungspfahl,
Mantelreibungspfahl

pilote de desplazamiento

charge rpartie

Verteilte Last

carga repartida

chantillon remani

gestrte Probe

muestra alterada

drivation

Umleitung, Ablenkung

desvio

digue/barrage

dock
quipe de montage

Dock

muelle

Dalbe

duque de Alba

Doppelwandfangedamm

ataguia de doble pared

drague

Sog, Schleppe

arrastrar

pelle-dragline

Schleppkbelbagger

dragalina

pieu avec dfaut de surface

tasseau/faux pieux

duc d'Albe

palplanches doubles
batardeau

marteau pilon double effet

cheviller

saigne d'coulement

affaissement

Absenkung

descenso del nivel de

agua

draguer
dragage

Nabagger

dragar

drive

Strmung, Stollen,
Bohrlochabweichung

deriva, galera

drive

Strmung, Stollen,
Bohrlochabweichung

deriva, galera

Bohrer, Bohrgert
Bohrloch

sondear
sondeo

pieux fors

Bohrpfahl

pilotes de perforacin

forage

Bohren

boulon de serrage

forer
trou de forage

pieu for

fluid deforage/boue de forage Spulflussigkeit,

Bohrsplung
boue de forage
Bohrflssigkeit,
fango de sondeos
Bohrsplung
boue de forage
Dicksplung, Bohrschlamm lodo de perforacin
outillage de sondage

Bohrgert

equipo de sondeo

foncer

rammen, abteufen

hincar

pointe de fonage

Rammschuh

azuche

tube de fonage

Vortreibrohr/Rammrohr

casque d'ajustement serr

pieu battu

Rammpfahl

fonage

Einbringen/Eintrieben

pilote hincado

frquence
d'attaque/frquence pilote

rapporte de battage

Rammprotokoll

parte de hinca

point d'application
rapporte de battage

Rammprotokoll

parte de hinca

rsistance dynamique au
battage

Rammwiderstand

resistencia a la
penetracin

essai de battage

Rammversuch

ensayo de penetracin

mouton dclic

Rammfallbr,
Freifallhammer

maza

densit sche, poids

volumetrique sec

Trockendichte

densidad seca

poids volumetrique sec

Trockengewicht

peso seco

ductile

Streckbarkeit, Duktilitt

ductilidad

durabilite

Dauerfestigkeit

durabilidad

digue
compactage dynamique

Deich

dique

remblayage sec

mthode par voie sche

force dynamique

essai de chargement
dynamique
charge dynamique

dynamische Probeelastung

essai de chargement
dynamique de pieu

dynamischer Pfahlversuch

sondage dynamique

Echoloten,
Rammsoudierung

ensayo dinmico de
penetracin

essai dynamique

dynamische Prfung

ensayo dinmico

pousse des terres

Erddruck

empuje de tierras

charge excentre

exzentrische Belastung

carga excntrica

Exzentrizitaet

excentricidad

dynamische Belastung

carga dinmica

tarire

moment excentrique
excentricite

pression effective

wirksame Druckspannung

presin efectiva

deformation lastique

elastische Dehnung

deformacin elstica

module d'lasticit

Elastizittsmodul

mdulo de elasticidad

lectrode
lectro-osmose
lvation

Elektrode
Elektro-Osmose

electrodo
electroosmosis

remblai

Aufschttung, Damm

terraplen

enrober

einbetten

incluir

encastrement

protection

Korrosionsschutzumhllung

embotement

palier de bout

pieu rsistant la pointe

Spitzendruckpfahl

pilote resistente por la

punta

pertes d'nergie

Energieverlust

prdidas energticas

gnie civil

Ingenieurwesen

ingeniera

gologie applique

Ingenieurgeologie

geologa ingenieril

base largie

base largie

Fuaufweitung

air inclus

eingeschlossene Luft

aire incluido

rsines poxy

Kunstharz

resinas epoxis

quilibre
quipement

Gleichgewicht
Gert, Ausrstung

equilibrio
equipo

vaporation
dblais
excavation

Verdunstung
evaporacin
Aushubmaterial
material excavado
Baugrube, Ausschachtung, excavacin
Bodenaushub

excavateur
surpression interstitielle

Trockenbagger
hydrostatischer berdruck

orifices d'chappement

excavadora
sobrepresin

pieu expans

explosifs
force explosive

Spengstoff

explosivos

extension, spirale

extenssomtre/jauge de
contrainte
rsistance externe du tirant

extraction, prlvement

Herausziehwiderstand des
Ankers

Herausziehen

extraccin

Sicherheitsfaktor

coeficiente de seguridad

extracteur

coefficient de scurit
rsistance pondre de
porte

charge pondre
rsistance pondre

rupture
charge de rupture

Versagen, Bruch
rotura
Bruchbelastung, Grenzlast carga de rotura

surface de rupture

Bruchflche

superficie de rotura

"falsche" Erstarrung des

Frischbetons

fraguado incompleto

fascine

Flechtwerk, Buhne

fajina

faille

Verwerfung

falla

faux pieu

prise incomplte
chafaudage de coffrage

butoirs/heurtoirs

remblayage

Auffllboden, Aufschttung relleno

filler

Fller

remplissage gravitaire

Verfllen

filtre
tourteau de filtration

Filter, Filterschicht

filler

filtro

perte de produit de filtrage

fines

Feinsand, Feinstoffe

finos

mtode des lments finis

Finite-Elemente
Berechnungsmethode

mtodo de elementos
finitos

fond solide

fester Grund

terreno firme

clisse
trpan/queue de poisson

injection de fissure

Kluftinjektion

longueur de scellement du
tirant

Krafteintragungslnge

Einspannmoment

momento de
empotramiento perfecto

fondation flexible

elastiche Grndung

cimentacin flexible

rsistance la flexion

Biegefestigkeit

resistencia a la flexin

fondation sur pieux flottants

pilotaje flotante

flocul
sol

schwimmende
Pfahlgrndung
flockenartig
Decke, Gescho, Etage

flottaison

Flotation

flotacin

coulement

Strmung, Abflu,
Durchflu

flujo

floculado
piso, planta

rseau de lignes de courant

Stromliniennetz

red de filtracin

Flugasche

ceniza volante

foliation

Schieferung

foliacin

faux pieu

(Ramm) jungfer,
Schlagjungfer

seguidor

semelle/embase

Fundament

zapata

Formung, Aufbau,
Schichtung
Grndung, Fundament

formacin

ligne d'coulement/ligne de
coule
nergie hydraulique

cendres volantes
marteau mobile

coup selon systme pied-livre

chef d'quipe
formation
fondation

cimentacin, cimiento

fracture
treillis

Bruch
Rahmen

longueur libre du tirant

Freie Ankerlnge

fractura
prtico

gel, gele
foss couvert/drain
cailloux/drainage par rigoles
remplies de matires
filtrantes
frquence

Hufigkeit, Frequenz,
Schwingzahl

frecuencia

eau douce
roche friable
frottement

Swasser
brckliges Gestein
Reibung

agua dulce
roca friable
rozamiento, friccin

pieu flottant

Reibungspfahl

pilote flotante

gel, gele
limite de gel/de givrage

Frost

helada

action du gel

gonflement d au gel

Frosthebung

entumecimiento por la
helada

vanne

Tor

compuerta

jauge

Messuhr

aparato de medida

gologie
exploration gophysique

Geologie
geophysikalische
Untersuchung

geologa
prospeccin geofsica

Geotechnik

geotecnia

poutre

Trger

viga

dpt glaciaire

Eiszeitablagerung

depsito glacial

gologue

gotechnique
rglette de guidage/clavette
de calage

traverse d'chafaudage

dpt des rivires glaciaires

eiszeitliche Fluablagerung aluvin glacial

argile moraines

furet/scraper

grappin
gradation

Abstufung, Kornverteilung

granulometra

niveleuse

Strassenhobel

niveladora

forme des grains

Kornform

forma de las partculas

diamtre des grains

Korngre

dimetro de los granos

gravier

Gerll, Schotter

grava

injection gravitaire

drucklose Verfllung

mouton sec

Freifallhammer

maza de gravedad

treillis de poutres
poutres croises
Fundament mit
Profileisenraster

emparrillado

zermahlen

moler

niveau du sol

Gelndehhe

nivel del suelo

surface du terrain naturel

Gelndeoberflche

superficie del terreno

natural

eau souterraine/nappe
souterraine

Grundwasser

agua subterranea

effet de groupe
lait de ciment / coulis

Gruppeneffekt
Verpremrtel /
Zementmrtel

efecto de grupo
lechada (para inyeccin)

voile d'injection

Dichtungsschleier

pantalla de inyeccin

broyer/triturer/moudre
sable grossier
en pi

surface de le nappe
souterraine

injecter

Zementmrtel injezieren

injection sous pression

Verpressen

pression d'injection

Injektionsdruck

inyectar

butoirs/heurtoirs

murettes-guides

Leitwnde

hauban
derrick maintenu par des
tirants

mouton/marteau

Hammer, Ramme,
Rammbr

martillo, martinete

trpan benne

pince levier riper

sol dur impntrable

fester Boden oberhalb von costra cementada,

gewachsenem Fels
"hardpan"

installation de transporte

Transportgerte

material de transporte

risque

Gerfahr

riesgo

poutre en double T/poutre en

I

coin de serrage

couronnement d'un mur

Stirnwand

chaleur d'hydratation

Hydrationswme

calor de hidratacin

se soulever

Hebung

levantarse

Schneckenbohrer

barrena salomnica

extracteur de carotte
hlicodal
point d'ancrage hlicodal

tarire, mche

faux pieu/casque de battage

htrogne

verschiedenartig, heterogen heterogeneo

machine d'extraction

homogne

gleichartig, homogen

homogeneo

pression horizontale
(pousse)

horizontaler Erddruck

empuje de tierras
horizontal

pieux section en forme d'H H-Profilpfahl

pilotes en H

Affaissement
Conductivit
remblai hydraulique

aufgesplter Boden

fracturation hydraulique
(injection de claquage)

Hydraulische Rissbildung
(Claquage)

relleno hidrulico

grappin
Marteau hydraulique
hydrologie

pression du liquide/chute
d'eau

Hydrologie

hidrologa

glace et neige

Eis und Schnee

hielo y nieve

impact

Aufprall, Sto

impacto

impermable

undurchlssig

impermeable

impermable

undurchlssig

impermeable

tapis impermable

Dichtungsschicht

manto impermeable

impdance

pieu inclin
boussole
d'inclinaison/inclinomtre

index

Inhaltsverzeichnis, Index

ndice

durci

verhrtet

endurecido

dformation non lastique

nicht-elastische Verformung deformacin inelstica

infilration

Einsickerung, Versickerung infiltracin

ligne d'influence

prise iniciale

Abbindebeginn

fraguado inicial

entre, accs

Eingang, Zugang, Bucht

entrada

anorganischer Boden

suelo inorgnico

ouverture/orifice d'entre
pression d'alimentation
sol inorganique

sur le terrain/in situ

pieu coul sur place

rsistance en place

Festigkeit an Ort und Stelle resistencia in situ

essai in situ

Prfung an Ortund Stelle

ensayo in situ

inspection
inspecteur

Banberwachung

inspeccin

instruments de mesure

Megertausrstung

instrumentacin

instruments de mesure

Megertausrstung

instrumentacin

matrice rocheuse
essai d'intgrit

ungestrtes Gestein
Integrittsprfung

roca sana

intergranulaire

zwischen den
Bodenkrnern
Spundbohlenschlo

intergranular

frottement interne

innere Reibung

rozamiento interno

radier

Sohle

invert

essai pralable

Untersuchungsprfung

cric, vrin

Winde, Presse

gato, gata

pieux vrins

hydraulisch eingepresster
Fertigpfahl

pilotes hincados a
presin

hydraulische Pressgerte

aparato de elevacin

Dse

chorro

crochets des joints des

palplanches mtalliques

enclavamiento de las
tablestacas

vrinage

appareil de levage
mchoires
jet, racteur

pieux lancs

eingesplter Pfahl

pilotes hincados con

lanza de agua

joint

Fuge

junta

rseau de fractures

Fugenanordung

patrn de diaclasamiento

karst

Karst

karst

jete/brise-lames/mle

tige

contre-poids
clavette

kilonewton
pieu central

poinon de fate

kilopound/1000 livres

brler

brlage
pieu enrob

retard, dphasage

Holzbohlen

entrablonado, tablones
de revestimiento

terre
glissement de terrain

Land
Erdrutschung

tierra
corrimiento de tierras

forces latrales

seitliche Belastung

fuerzas laterales

charge latrale
pression latrale

Seitendruck

presin lateral

support latral

seitliche Absttzung

sostn lateral

couche
dlaver

Schicht
auslaugen, durchsickern

capa
lixiviar

bouillie de ciment

arte avant/bord d'attaque

perte par
infiltration/fuite/dfaut
d'tanchit
bton faiblement dos en
ciment
leve

Leckstelle, Undichtigkeit

perdida por filtracin

Schutzdamm

malecn

bras de levier

Hebelarm

brazo de palanca

lingue de levage
aggrgats lgers

Leichtgewichtzuschlagstoff agregados ligeros

chaux, pierre calcaire

Kalk, Kalkstein

cal

calcul limite

Grenzlastverfahren

anlisis del estado lmite

graisseur/lubrificateur
gaine, chemise

Hlse, Mantelrohr

tubage

Auskleidung

entibacin

liquide
limite de liquidit
indice de liquidit
surcharge

Versagen durch
Bodenverflssigung
flssig, Flssigkeit
Fliegrenze
Fliekennzahl
Verkehrslast

corrimiento por
liquefaccin
lquido
lmite lquido
ndice de fluidez
sobrecarga

charge
lment porteur

Last, Ladung
Tragglied

carga

capacit portante

Bodenpressungstragfhigke capacidad de carga

it
Belastungsfaktor,
factor de carga
Sicherheitsfaktor
Belastungsanzeiger
testigo de cargas

fluidification

rupture par liqufaction

facteur de chargement
appareil mesurant les
charges
accroissement de charge
perte de tension admissible

Laststufe
Grenzkraftabfall

incremento de carga

essai de charge, preuve de Belastungsversuch

charge

ensayo de carga

chargeur

mquina cargadora

Ladegert

chargement et dchargement Lastwechsel, Be-und

Entladen
poutre d'essai dchargement Belastungsrahmen

carga y descarga
aparato de carga

essai statique
courbe de charge

Lastsetzungskurve

curva de cargas-asientos

courbe de charge

Lastsetzungskurve

curva de cargas-asientos

terre glaise

Lehm

tierra arcillosa ligera

cluse
traction de blocage

Schleuse, Schlo
Festlegekraft

esclusa

loess

loes

bches

Tagebuch, Kantholz,
Holzklotz

troncos, leos

meuble

locker

flojo

ciment faible chaleur

d'hydratation

Zement mit niedriger

Abbindewrme

cemento de bajo calor de

hidratacin

graisser

schmieren, len, einfetten

engrasar, lubricar

remblai

aufgeschtteter Boden

terreno de relleno

essai de chargement par

palier

lastgesteuerte
Probebelastung

graisseur/lubrificateur

mandrin/burin

manchon, chemise
taret/tarrde/ver de
bateaux/xylophage marin

Mantel, Hlle,
Verbindungsmuffe

manguito

dpt marin
repre

Meeresablagerung
Festpunkt, Spur

depsito marino
referencia fija, marca de
referencia

marne
marais

Mergel
Sumpf, Marsch

marga
pantano

gros bton

Massenbeton

hormign en masa,
concreto en masa

fondation sur radier

Fundamentplatte

cimentacin flotante

mesure
membrane
maille

Aufma
Membrane
Masche

medicin, medida
membrana
malla

micropieu

Mikropfahl

assemblage, connexion de
micropieu

Verbindung

minraux

Mineral, Gestein

minerales

mlang sur place

an Ort und Stelle gemischt mezclado "in situ"

mlangeur

Mischer

mesclador, agitador

matriel mobile

bewegliches Gert,
transportable Ausrstung

equipo mvil

module d'lasticit

Elastizittsmodul

mdulo de elasticidad

module de raction

coeficiente de balasto

humide
teneur en eau
moment d'inertie

Erdwiderstandsmodul,
Bettungszahl
feucht
Feuchtigkeitsgehalt
Trgheitsmoment

mouton

Rammbr, Fallbr

maza

moraine

Morne

morrena

mortier

Mrtel

mortero

installation de mlange

hmedo
humedad
momento de inercia

montmorillonite

pieu d'amarrage

marbr

geadert

veteado

boue, vase

Schlamm

barro

boue, vase

Schlamm

barro

injection d'argile

Hohlrauminjektion

inyeccin de arcilla

vague de boue
abattage banquettes
multiples

Schlammwelle
Stufensprengung

ola de fango
voladura de banqueo por
etapas

abattage files multiples

Reihensprengung

voladura de banqueo por

lineas

injection sous pression

repete
btiment

Nachverpressen

tourteau de filtration

mehrstckiges Gebude

edificio alto

teneur en eau naturelle

natrlicher Wassergehalt,
Feuchtigkeitsgehalt

humedad natural

sous-pression de l'eau
interstitielle

negativer
Porenwasserdruck

presin intersticial
negativa

frottement latral ngatif

negative Mantelreibung

tranglement
poutre aiguille

espacement des aiguilles

ligne de limite d'coulement

mamelon

Nippel

essais non destructifs

zerstrungsfreie Prfung

injection sans dplacement

du sol

Verdrngungsfreie injektion
(Injektion ohne
Baugrundverdrngung)

ensayos no destructivos

consolid normalement

normalkonsolidiert

consolidado normalmente

puits d'observation

Beobachtungsbrunnen

pozo de observacin

graisseur/lubrificateur

pieu omga

caisson ouvert
tranche ouverte

offener Senkkasten
cajon abierto
nichtausgesteifte Baugrube excavacin abierta

benne polype

matria organica

organische Stoffe

materia orgnica

oscillateur

Oszillator

oscilador

osmose

Osmose

osmosis

affleurement (gol.)

zutageliegend

afloramiento (geol.)

plaine d'alluvions

Kiesfeld, Sandfeld

llanura aluvial

surexcavation
surabattage

Mehraushub
Mehrausbruch

sobreexcavacin
sobreexcavacin

surcharge

berlagerung, Deckschicht montera, sobrecarga de

tierra

surconsolid

berkonsolidiert

apisonado en exceso

surcharge

berlastung

sobrecarga

excdent de contrainte

berschreiten der
zulssigen Spannungen

exceso de tensin

enfonage trop avant

pression manomtrique en
psi
coussin/patin
panneau

Schlitzwandelement

dimension des grains

Teilchengre

dimensin de los granos

pression de bute

Erdwiderstand, passiver
Erddruck

empuje pasivo de tierras

graviers rouls

erbsengroer Kies

pinoncillo

rsistance maximale au
cisaillement
tourbe

Spitzenscherkraftfestigkeit resistencia mxima al

corte
Torf
turba

vitesse des grains

croc levier/grappin
caillou/pierraille

Kieselstein

morrillos

socle, pdestal

Sockel

pedestal

corc/droul

injection de pntration

Eindringinjektion

protocole de pntration

Rammprotokoll

parte de hinca

rsistance la pntration

Eindringungswiderstand

resistencia a la
penetracin

essai de pntration

Rammsondenversuch

ensayo de penetracin

appareil pntromtre

Eindringungsmesser

penetrmetro

pourcentage en poids

Gewichtsprozente

tanto por ciento en peso,

porcentage en peso

nappe d'eau suspendue

gespannter
Grundwasserspiegel

nivel de aguas colgadas

filtration

Versickerung,
Porenwasserstrmung

fibracin

sondage percussion

Schlagbohrung

sondeo de trpano

gel permanent

Dauerfrost

terreno helado
permanentemente

tirant d'ancrage permanent

Daueranker

permabilit

Durchlssigkeit,
permeabilidad
Permeabilitt
Poreninjektion (Imprgntion
durch Porenverfllung)

rendement mcanique

injection d'imprgnation

pH (potentiel Hydrogne)

ligne phratique, niveau --

Sickerlinie, -oberflche

linea fretica

pilier/jete/mle/quai

fondation ou base d'une jete Pfeilergrndung

ou d'un puits

arranque de un espign

pizomtre

Pegel

piezometro

hauteur, charge
pizomtrique
surface pizomtrique

Pegelhhe

altura piezomtrica

Pegelniveau

nivel piezomtrico

furet/rcleur

pieu

Pfahl

sonnette

Rammgerst

machina

pouvoir portant des pieux

Pfahltragfhigkeit

carga de hundimiento de
un pilote

casque (pieux)

Pfahlkopfplatte

encepado

engin de battage/membre du
personnel de l'quipe de
battage
battage de pieux

Pfahlrammen

hinca de pilotes

formule de battage

Rammformel

frmula de hinca

resistance d'un pieu au

battage

Rammwiderstand

resistencia dinmica de
un pilote

extraction d'un pieu

Pfahlziehen

extraccin de pilotes

Pfahlgrndung

cimentacin por pilotaje

Pfahlgruppe
Pfahlrammhammer,
Rammbr

grupo de pilotes
maza de hinca de pilotes

extracteur de pieux/engin
d'arrachage

foundation sur pieux

grillage sur pilotis

groupe de pieux
mouton

arrache-pieux

essai de chargement de pieu Pfahlbelastungsversuch

ensayo de carga sobre

pilotes

mouton

maza

Rammbr, Fallbr

tuyau

Rohr

tubo

pipeline/canalisation

Rohrleitung

oleoducto

renard (rosion interne)

Rohrnetz, Verrohrung

sifonamiento

piston
sonde piston

Hohlkolbenprobeentnehmer tomamuestras de pistn

fosse, puits

Grube, Baugrube

prstamo, foso

dblais

Boden aus der Grube

todo uno

surface de moindre
rsistance
dformation plane

schwache Schnittebene

plano de debilidad

ebener
Verformungszustand

deformacin plana

bton plastique

Tonbeton

paroi moule en bton

plastique

Tonbetonschlitzwand

dformation plastique

plastische Verformung

deformacin plstica

limite de plasticit

lmite plstico

sol plastique
plasticit

Plastizittsgrenze,
Ausrollgrenze
plastischer Boden
Plastizitt

indice de plasticit

Plastizittszahl

ndice de plasticidad

essai de charge sur plaque

Plattendruckversuch

bouchon, tampon, cheville

Verschlu, Dbel

ensayo de carga con

placa
tapn

pieu l'aplomb
caisson pneumatique

Druckluftsenkkasten

cajon de aire comprimido

effort de pointe

Fupressungspfahl,
Spitzendruckpfahl
Punktlast

pilote resistente por su

punta
fuerza concentrada en la
punta

rsistance la pointe

Spitzenwiderstand

resistencia por la punta

coefficient de Poisson

Poissonsche Zahl

mdulo de Poisson

polymre

Polymer

polimero

former une mare

Teich

embalsar

mal calibr, -- tri

schlecht abgestuft, schlecht mal graduado

gekrnt

pieu-colonne

suelo plstico
plasticidad

disparition de la pression
interstitielle

Porenwasserdruckauflsun disipacin de las

g
presines intersticiales

pression de l'eau interstitielle Porenwasserdruck

Porositt

presin intersticial del

agua
porosidad

Kraftlffelbohrer

barrenas de motor

prsondage

Vorbohrung

sondeo previo

bton prfabriqu

Betonfertigteil

hormign prefabricado

porosit
Panneau prcontrainte
postrieure

prcontrainte
postrieure/post-tension

tarires mcaniques
groupe/centrale hydraulique

paroi prfabrique en bton Fertigteilschiltzwand

pieu prfabriqu

Betonfertigpfahl

pilotes de hormign
prefabricado

prcompression
Vorbelastungdruck
prconsolidation
Vorkonsolidierung
pression de prconsolidation Vorkonsolidierungsdruck

precompresin
preconsolidacin
presin de
preconsolidacin

prfabrication

Fertigbauweise,
Vorfertigung

prefabricacin

tude prliminaire

Voruntersuchung

estudio preliminar

micropieu prliminaire

Vorversuchs-Mikropfahl
(Probepfahl 1)

pieu prliminaire

Probepfahl

chargement prliminaire

Vorbelastung

pieu ballast inject

Prepacked-Pfahl

conservation
prdcoupage

Konservierung
Vorspaltung

conservacin
precorte

pression
pression statique au repos

Druck, Pressung
Ruheerddruck

presin, empuje
empuje en reposo

bulbe de pression

Druckzwiebel

bulbo de presines

jauge de contrainte

Druckanzeiger, Manometer piezmetro

pr-allumage/auto-allumage

hauteur de la chute
d'eau/charge d'eau

carga previa

prcontraindre

Vorspannung

pretensar

consolidation primaire

Primrkonsolidierung

consolidacin primaria

projet

Projekt

proyecto

traction d'preuve
support, appui

Prfkraft
Sttze, Steife

puntal

protection
couches protectrices

Schutz
Schutzbeschichtung

proteccin
capas protectoras

pieu prcontraint

prcontrainte

pieu bton fil prcontraint

prcontrainte

corroi d'argile

Lehmschlag

arcilla de tejar

essai de traction

ensayo de arranque

pompe
bton pomp

Zugversuch,
Ausziehversuch
Pumpe
Pumpbeton

essai de pompage

Pumpversuch

ensayo de agotamiento

essai, prealable

Eignungsprfung

ensayo previo

contrle de qualit

Qualittsberwachung

control de calidad

carriere
quartz
quai
mur de quai
boulance
chaux vive

Steinbruch
Quarz
Kai
Kaiwand
Flieerscheinung
ungelschter Kalk

cantera
quarzo
muelle
muro de muelle
sifonamiento
cal viva

sable boulant

Fliesand

arena movediza

mouton

Rammbr, Fallbr

maza

foundation sur radier

Plattengrndung

cimentacin flotante

voie ferre

Eisenbahn

ferrocarril

bomba
hormign bombeado,
concreto bombeado

tanon oblique

pieu inclin
pilon, dame

Ramme

pisn

pilon, dame

Ramme

pisn

vidange rapide/vitesse de
baisse du niveau d'eau

Schnellabsenkung

descenso rpido o
repentino

tachymtre, compteur de
vitesse
vitesse de chargement

Registrierapparat

velocmetro

als

ausgebohrt, Locherweitern escariado

Belastungsgeschwindigkeit velocidad de carga

rebond

courbe de gonflement

Entlastungskurve

curva de entumecimiento

recharger

Wiederbelasten

cargar reiteradamente

recompression

Druckwiederholung,
Wiederverdichtung

recompresin

pourcentage de carotte

Wiedergewinnung

recuperacin

semelle rectangulaire

rechteckiges Fundament

zapata rectangular

point de rfrence

Bezugspunkt

punto de referencia

pieu en bton arm

Stahlbetonpfahl

pilote de hormign o
concreto armado

refus

terre arme
bewehrte Erde
paroi moule en coulis arm Bewehrte
Einphasenschlitzwand

tierra armada

armature/renforcement
densit relative
relaxation

relative Dichte
Entspannung

densidad relativa
relajacin

puits de dcharge ou de
dcompression

Entlastungsbrunnen

pozo de descarga

charge rpte

wiederholte Belastung

carga repetida

contrainte rsiduelle

Restspannung

tensin remanente

rsine
rsistance

Harz

restina

moment resistant

widerstehendes Moment

momento resistente

frquence de rsonnance

Resonanzfrequenz

frecuencia de resonancia

mur de soutnement

Sttzmauer

muro de sostenimiento,
muro de contencin

retardateur
injection d'eau en sens
inverse

Verzgerungsmittel

agente retardante

sondeuse
radier de fondation rigide

starre Grndungsplatte

mur rigide

starre Wand

solera rgida, cimentacin

rgida
muro rgido

enrochement

Steinschttung, Steinwurf

escollera

roche, roc

Fels

roca

ancrage

Felsanker

anclaje en roca

boulons d'ancrage

Felsanker, Felsnagel

perno para roca

re-battre un pieu

forage avec injection d'eau

en sens inverse

remblai rocheux

Steinaufschttung

pedraplen

tige, tringle, barre

Stange, Stab

barra

forage rotary

Rotationsbohrung

perforation par rotationpercussion

Drehschlagbohrung

sondeo rotativo sin

testigo
perforacin por percusin
y rotacin

rotation
range de pieux

Drehung, Rotation
Pfahlreihe

rotacin
fila de pilotes

coulement
rupture
patte de fixation/sabot
d'appui

Oberflchenabflu
Bruch, Platzen

escorrentia
rotura

charge admissible

zulssige Last

carga admisible

coefficient de scurit

Sicherheitsfaktor

coeficiente de seguridad

forage par rotation

fleuret en losange torsad

marge de scurit

sels
chantillon

Salze
Probe, Muster

remaniement lors de la prise Entnahmestrung

d'echantillon

sales
muestra
alteracin de las
muestras durante la toma

cuiller pour prise d'echantillon Entnahmelffel, Rohrsonde cucharilla para toma de

muestras
carottier
Entnahmerohr
tubo de testigo
sable

Sand

arena

drains de sable

Sandabflurinne, Sanddrn drenes de arena

pieu de sable
sol satur

Sandpfahl
gesttigter Boden

pilote de arena
suelo saturado

echelle
scarificateur

Matab
Aufreipflug, Aufreier

escala
escarificador

escarp
domaine de travail

Steilhang

escarpe

affouillement

ausplen, untersplen

socavacin

dcapeuse, scraper

Erdlader, Erdeschrfgert

robadera, scraper

tamis

Sieb

pantalla

pieu vis

Schraubpfahl

pilote de rosca

niveau de la mer

Meeresspiegel

nivel del mar

digue

Mole

muro costero

sceller

abdichten

sellar

effet saisonnier

jahreszeitlicher Einflu

efecto estacional

compression secondaire

Sekundrdruckbelastung

consolidacin secundaria

panneau secondaire
coupe
roche sdimentaire

Schnitt
Sedimentgestein

seccin
roca sedimentaria

percolation

Durchsickerung,
Versickerung

filtracin

courant de filtration

Sickerwasserstrmung

corriente de filtracin

Seismologische
Berechnung

diseo ssmico

seismische
Geschwindigkeit

velocidad de ondas
ssmicas

pieu transversal

matire en suspension

sparation

tude sismique
recherche par mthode
sismique

clrit sismique

sismographe

sismomtre

Seismometer

sismmetro

coulis autodurcissant

Selbsterhrtende
Suspension
Eigengewicht

peso propio

strukturempfindlicher Ton

arcilla susceptible

poids propre

argile sensible au
remaniement
sensibilit
capteur

Empfangsapparat,
Mefhler
suite de couches ou de bancs Aufeinanderfolge der
Schichten

captor

prise (matriaux)

Abbindung

fraguado (materiales)

tassement

Setzung

asiento

calcul du tassement

Setzungsanalyse

clculo de los asientos

courbe de tassement

Setzungskurve

curva de asiento

mesure de tassement

Setzungsmessung

medida del asiento

plaque repre de tassement Setzungsplatte

point de dilatation

sucesin de los estratos

placas testigos de
asientos

stabilisation
gout

Abwasserleitung

colector, desage

puits
diamtre du ft

Schacht
Pfahldurchmesser

pozo

schiste
tranche peu profonde

Tonschiefer
flacher Aushub

pizarra arcillosa
trinchera somera

fondation en surface

Flachgrndung

cimentacin somera

effort de cisaillement
contrainte de cisaillement

Scherkraft
Schubspannung,
Scherspannung
Abscherversuch
Scherfestigkeit

corte
esfuerzo cortante

rideau de palplanches

Spundwand

pared tablestacada

parafouille tanche en
palplanches
rideau de palplanches

Spundwandsporn

tablestacado cortaguas

Spundwand

pared tablestacada

manille

essai de cisaillement
resistance au cisaillement

resistencia al esfuerzo
cortante

palplanche

palplanche

Verbau

tablestacado

tayage

Absttzung

apuntalamiento

bton projet

Spritzbeton

hormign lanzado

pelle
retrait

Schaufel
Schwinden

pala, lampa
retraccin

Seitenreibung

friccin lateral

Siebanalyse

anlisis granulomtrico
por tamizado

bouclier
taret/terrde/ver de bateaux

plan/dessin d'excution

raynures/rglettes latrales

frottement latral

tamis

analyse granulomtrique

graisseur compte-gouttes
dbit visible
palplanche vrine

silice
silt

Kieselsure, Silika
Schluff

slice
limo

dpt de silt

Verschlammung

rellenarse de fango

emplacement du chantier

Baustelle

ubicacin de la obra

recherche sur place

Untersuchung der Baustelle reconocimientos en obra

frottement superficiel

Mantelreibung

rozamiento superficial,
friccin superficial

plaque/mche

Platte, Decke

losa, aligerado

ardoise

Schiefer

pizarra

Jupe

miroir de surface
glissement

Gleitschicht
Rutschung, Abgleiten

espejo de falla
corrimiento

orifice pour linguer

glissement

Erddrutsch

corrimiento

superficie de corrimiento

pente, talus, inclinaison

Erddrutschflche,
Gleitflche
Bschung

rupture de talus

Bschungsbruch

caida de un talud

protection des talus

Bschungssicherung

proteccin de taludes

rainure

Schlitz

ranura

affaissement

Ausbreitma

asiento, hundimiento

boue

Bentonitmischung

pasta

surface de glissement

talud, inclinacin

vase/fange

parois moules

Schlitzwand

paroi moule en coulis

Einphasenschlitzwand

muro calado

sol sensible au dtrempage

sol tendre

weicher Boden

suelo blando

Erdbodenzement,
Bodenvermrtelung
Bodenklassifizierung,
Bodenmerkmale

suelo-cemento

Bodenaufschlu

reconocimiento del
terreno

sol

ancrage/scellement

sondage de sol
carotte de sondage
sol-ciment
caractristiques du sol

gologue
investigation

caractersticas del suelo

mcanique des sols

Bodenmechanik

mecnica de suelos

humidit du sol

Bodenfeuchtigkeit

humedad del suelo

particule de sol

Bodenteilchen

partcula del suelo

profil stratigraphique

Bodenprofil

perfil del suelo

stabilisation du sol

Bodenstabilisierung

estabilizacin del suelo

couchis, semelles

Stahltrger

peones, estemples
verticales

appareil de sondage de sol

Stahltrgerbohlenverbau,
Berliner Bauweise

essai d'ausculatation sonique Ultraschallversuch im Pfahl

par transparence
Fonage par vibrations
acoustiques

essai d'ausculatation sonique Ultraschallversuch

par rflexion
sondage
Sondierung

sondage

carteur

Abstandhalter

sparation, intervalle
portee
poids spcifique

Abstand
Spannweite
spezifisches Gewicht

separacin
luz, tramo
peso especfico

spcification

Leistungsbeschreibung

especificacin

spcimen
mandrin
pieu bois

Probe

muestra

geteilte aufklappbare
Entnahmesonde

tomamuestras partido

Lffelprobe, Sondenprobe

muestra tomada con

cucharilla

point de jonction/jointure

cuiller fente

matriau d'excavation

chantillon pris la cuiller

fondation superficielle (radier, flache Grndung

semelle)

cimentacin por
superficie

source

Quelle, Feder

fuente

stabilit

Stabilitt

estabilidad

suspension stable

stabile Suspension

construction par tapes

Bauablauf in
Bauabschnitten

construccin por etapas

normes

Niveau, Richtlinien, Norm

normas

tube vertical

Standrohr, Steigrohr

tubo piezomtrico

perforateur
percussion/trpan

perforation

jalonnement/bornage
tanon/contre-fiche/soutien

essai de chargement statique statische Probebelastung

essai statique de mise en
charge
essai statique de mise en
charge

statischer
Belastungsversuch
statischer
Belastungsversuch

ensayo de carga esttico

ensayo de carga esttico

essai de chargement statique statische Probebelastung

de pieu

mouton vapeur

Dampframmbr

maza de vapor

acier

Stahl

acero

pieu en acier

Stahlpfahl

pilote de acero

argile raide fissure

steifer geklfteter Ton

arcilla firme fisurada

raideur

Steifigkeit

rigidez

etrier
pierre, roche

Bgel
Stein

estribos
piedra

pices de
renforcement/raidisseurs

dformation

Deformation pro
deformacin
Lngeneinheit, Anstrengung

comparateur, extensomtre, Dehnungsmesser

jauge de dformation

testigo de deformacin

clouage de liteaux
strate, couche
force, rsistance, solidit

Schicht
Festigkeit

estrato
resistencia

contrainte, tension

Spannung

tensin

concentration des contraintes Spannungskonzentration

distribution des contraintes

Spannungsverteilung

courbe contraintedformation
direction/orientation

Spannungs-DehnungsKurve

concentracin de
tensiones
distribucin de las
tensiones

curva de tensines y
deformaciones

fil plomb
traverse
fondation sur semelle filante Streifenfundament

cimentacin por zapata

corrida

course
fissuration (de btiment)

bauliche Schden

averias de una estructura

structure, ouvrage

Bauwerk

estructura

tai, contre-fiche

Steife, Strebe

puntal

tai, contre-fiche

Steife, Strebe

puntal

soubassement

Untergrund, Unterbau

subsuelo

densit immerge, dejauge Raumgewicht unter Wasser densidad sumergida

affaissement, effondrement

Senkung, Nachlassen

subsidencia

sous-sol
Untergrund
reconnaissance du sous-sol, baugrundtechnische
investigation -Untersuchung

subsuelo
reconocimiento del
subsuelo

sous-sol

unter der Oberflche

subsuelo

succion
essai de contrle
puisard

Ansaugen
succin
Eignungsprfung
Senkgrube, Pumpensumpf foso, colector de aguas

pompe de puisard
appui

Sttze

apoyo

fluide d'excavation

Sttzende Flssigkeit

surcharge

Auflast

sobrecarga

force de surface

Oberflchenkraft

fuerza de superficie

onde de surface
relevs

Oberflchenwelle
Vermessung

onda superficial
levantamientos

suspension
pieu estamper

Suspension

suspensin

essai de systme

Systemprfung

arpenteur/ingnieur gomtre

brocher

rservoir
pieu en pointe/conique

Behlter, Tank

depsito

temprature
tirant d'ancrage provisoire

Temperatur
Kurzzeitanker

temperatura

mur temporaire
armature

Zugglied

longueur de scellement de
l'armature

Verankerungslnge de
Zuggliedes

longueur libre de l'armature

Freie Stahllnge

contrainte de traction
rsistance la traction

Zugkraft
Zugfestigkeit

fuerza de tensin
resistencia a la traccin

contrainte de traction

Zugspannung

tensin negativa, traccin

tension

Zug

tensin, traccin

fissure de tension

Zugriss, Zugzone

grieta de tensin

pieu en traction

Zugpfahl
Zugstahl

acero en traccin

terrasses

Terrassenablagerung

depsitos de terraza

faire un essai

Versuch

ensayar, ensayo

charge d'essai
charge d'essai
micropieu d'essai

Versuchslast
Versuchslast
AbnahmeversuchsMikropfahl (Probepfahl 3)

carga de prueba
carga de prueba

pieu d'essai

Probepfahl

procdure d'essai

Versuchsverfahren

procedimiento de ensayo

machine d'essai

Prfgert

mquina de ensayo

texture

Gefge, Bodenstruktur,
Textur

textura

thorie
proprits thermiques

Theorie
thermale Eigenschaften,
Wrmeverhalten

teora
propiedades trmicas

taret/terrde/ver de bateaux

carottier paroi mince

dnnwandiges
Probeentnahmegert

tomamuestras de pared
delgada

thixotropie

Thixotropie

tixotropa

mares
tirant

Tide, Gezeiten
Verankerung, Bodenanker

mareas
tensor anclado

tirant

Zugstange

tirante de anclaje

sous-abattage

festverbunden, dicht

hermtico

moraine glacaire

umgelagerter Boden und

Gerll, Mergel

till

inclinomtre
pilotis de bois

Neigungsmegert
Holzpfahl

inclinmetro
pilotes de madera

courbe ou diagramme de
tassement en fonction du
temps

Zeit-Setzungs-Kurve

curva de tiemposasientos

pointe du pieu, sabot

Pfahlspitze

azuche de un pilote,
punta de un pilote

rupture de base

Basisbruch

fallo de pie

clapet de rglage/vanne
rgulatrice papillon

tolrance

plaque porte-nez
terre vgtale
mthode hirarchise

Mutterboden

tierra vegetal

Torsion

torsin

manomtre/capteur

Vermittler, Energiewandler

transductor

zone de transition

bergangzone

zona de transicin

bton coul sous l'eau

Kontraktorbeton,
Unterwasserbeton

hormign colocado con

tubo-tolva

couple

torsion

dflecteur

tranche

Graben, Schlitz

trinchera

trpan/foret couronne
1. pont mont sur
chafaudage

micropieu defaisabilit

EignungsversuchsMikropfahl (Probepfahl 2)

pieu a faisabilit

Probepfahl

distrubtion triangulaire

dreieckige Lastverteilung

carga repartida
triangularmente

appareil triaxial

Triaxialgert

aparato triaxial

cellule triaxiale

Probe fr dreiachsigen
Druckversuch

cdula triaxil, triaxial

essai triaxial

dreiachsiger Druckversuch ensayo de compresin

triaxial

tricne
2. appareil dclencheur

tube--manchettes

Manschettenrohr

dalle arme selon deux

directions

zweiachsig gespannte
Platte

charge limite de rupture,

charge portante limite

Grenzpressungsbelastung resistencia lmite de

rotura

charge limite de rupture

Bruchlast, Grenzlast

carga lmite de rotura

rsistance la compression
sans contrainte latrale

Druckfestigkeit mit
Querdehnung

essai de compression
triaxiale rapide

unverfestigter direkter
Scherversuch,
Schnellversuch

resistancia a la
compresin sin
constriccin lateral
ensayo sin consolidacin
ni drenaje

drains sous chausse

Sickerdrainage

subdren

souterrain

Untergrund, unterirdisch

subterrneo

reprise en sous oeuvre

Fundamentuntersttzung,
Unterfangung

recalce

losa armada en dos

direcciones

pieu for

puits base largie

mit Kleinem Durchmeer

vorgebohrte Pfahl

pilote de base
ensanchada

infiltration

Untersickergung

subaquatique

Unterwasser

filtracin atravs de la
cimentacin
subacutico

chantillon intact

ungestrte Bodenprobe

muestra inalterada

rsistance au cisaillement
teneur en eau constante

undrainierte Scherfestigkeit resistencia al esfuerzo

cortante, sin
consolidacin
einachsiger Druck
compresin
unidimensional

compression uniaxial

systme de classification
USCS

vereinheitlichte
Bodenklazifizierung

clasificacin unificada de
suelos

coefficient d'uniformit (de

Hazen)

Ungleichfrmigkeitsgrad

coeficiente de
uniformidad

sol granulomtrie uniforme Boden mit gleichmiger

Korngrenverteilung

suelo uniformemente
graduado

poids unitaire

Raumgewicht

densidad

sous-pression

Hebung, Sohlwasserdruck

subpresin

pieux d'ancrage
sous-pressions

Zugpfahl
Sog, Hebedruck, Auftrieb

pilotes de traccin
subpresiones

vide

Unterdruck, Vakuum

vaco

appareil palettes

Flgelapparat, Flgelsonde sonda de molinete

argile stratife

Bnderton

extensomtres corde
vibrante

Schwingungsspannungsme testigo de cuerda

gert
vibrante

vibration
appareil de
fonage/d'extraction par
vibrations

Schwingung

vibracin

Pfhleinrtteln

hinca de pilotes por

vibracin

vibroflottation

Rtteldruckverfahren

vibroflotacin

branche de premire
compression du diagramme

Erstdrucklastkurve

curva de compresin
noval

viscosit
examen vue

Viskositt
visuelle Untersuchung

viscosidad
exmen a simple vista

vide

Hohlraum, Pore

poro

indice des vides

Porenzahl

ndice de poros

volcan
volume

Vulkan
Volumen, Inhalt

volcn
volmen

vibrofonceur
fonage des pieux par
vibration
compactage par vibrations

arcilla listada

changement de volume

Volumennderung

variacin de volmen

madrier

Gurt

carrera, durmiente

frottement contre un mur

Wandreibung

rozamiento de tierras con

fbrica

paisseur de mur
sondage par injection

Splbohrung

sondeo por inyeccin de

agua

eau de lavage
sondage par injection

Splwasser
Splbohrung

agua de inyeccin
sondeo por inyeccin de
agua

teneur en eau

Wassergehalt

humedad

surface de la nappe
souterraine
fluctuation de la nappe
aquifre, phratique

Schwankung des
Grundwasserspiegels

oscilacin del nivel

fretico

rapport eau-ciment

Wasser-Zement-Faktor

relacin agua-cemento

aquifre
rapport eau-ciment

wasserfhrend
Wasser-Zement-Faktor

con agua
relacin agua-cemento

niveau d'eau

Wasserstand, Pegelstand

nivel del agua

impermable

wasserdicht

impermeable

Welle

onda, ola

jet d'eau/forage au jet

mur tanche l'eau/mur

d'tanchit
onde, vague

quation d'onde

longueau d'onde

Wellenlnge

longitud de onda

clrit des ondes

Wellengeschwindigkeit

velocidad de onda

sols sans consistance

Boden mit geringer

Tragfhigkeit

suelo blando

altration

Verwitterung

meteorizacin

coin, cale
Keil
coinage, coincement, calage Verkeilung

cua
acuado

barbacanes

Entwsserungsloch

mechinal

perte en poids
puits
blindage de puits
puits filtrant

Gewichtsverlust
prida de peso
Brunnen
pozo
Brunnenverrohrung,
entibacin de un pozo
Futterrohr
Brunnen mit Pumpenbetrieb tubo filtrante

filtre de puits

Brunnenfilter

procd par voie humide

mle/brise-lames

tubera perforada para

pozo

structures de quai

Kaikonstruktionen,
Kaianlagen

obras portuarias

bois
pieu en bois
agents protecteurs du bois

Holz
Holzpfahl
Holzschutzmittel

facilit de mise en oeuvre

Verarbeitbarkeit

madera
pilote de madera
preservadores de la
madera
docilidad

niveau de travail

Arbeitsebene

micropieu de fondation

Bauwerksmikropfahl

pieu de fondation

Bauwerkspfahl

rayons x
limite lastique

Rntgenstrahlen
Ergiebigkeit

limite apparente d'lasticit

Streckgrenze, Fliegrenze lmite aparente de

elastidad
Elastizittsgrenze
tensin lmite de fluencia

larges ailes ou semelles

limite d'lasticit
module d'Young

rayos-x
fluencia

Schubmodul, Youngscher mdulo de Young

Modul
Nullpunkt
Zink
zinc
Bereich kapillarer Sttigung

zero
sinc
zone de saturatation
capillaire
zone d'ecoulement plastique plastischer Fliebereich des
du sol
Bodens

zone d'ecoulement

Durchstrmungsbereich

zone de gonflement

Schwellbereich

manchon

Koppelelement/Muffe
Injektiongut
Verpressmrtal/Feinkornbet
on

ITALIAN

PORTUGESE

DUTCH

test di accettazione

teste de recepo

controleproef

palo trivellato

estaca executada com trado avegaarpaal

contnuo
impulso activo das terras
active gronddruk

spinta attiva del terreno

adattatore, pezzo di
connessione
additivo

ajustador, adaptador

verloopstuk

aditivo

toeslagstof

adesione

adeso, adesividade

adhesie

additivazione, addizione

aditivo, adio

bijmengsel, toevoeging

acqua adsorbita

agua adsorvida

geadsorbeerd water

loess

loess, limo argilo-calcreo

loss

aggregati, inerti
aria

inerte, agregado
ar

granulaat
lucht

inglobamento d'aria

ar incorporado

tubo dell'aria

tubo de ar, mangueira de ar luchtslang

valore di carico ammissibile capacidade de carga

lucht bijmenging

toelaatbare draagkracht

carico ammissibile su palo

carga admissivel de estacas toelaatbare

paaldraagkracht

alluvione
ancoraggio

aluvio
ancoragem

Alluvium/Holoceen
anker

testa di ancoraggio

cabea de ancoragem

ankerkop

ancoraggio, corpo morto

bloco de ancoragem

ballastanker

muro d'ancoraggio

cortina de ancoragem

ankerwand

ancoraggio

ancoragem, ancorar, placa

de ancorajem

verankering, verankeren,
ankerplaat

muro di sostegno ancorato pranchada ancorada

verankerde damwand

angolo di riposo

ngulo natural

hoek van natuurlijk talud

anodo

anodo

anode

lunghezza libera apparente comprimento livre

del trefolo
equivalente

schijnbare (fictieve) vrije

ankerlengte

tensione applicata

carga aplicada, tenso

aplicada
cortina

aangebrachte spanning

aquiclude

aquicluso

ondoorlatende laag

inacrcamento

efeito de arco

gewelfwerking

pressione artesiana

pressao artesiana

artesische druk
(spanningswater)

pressione a riposo

pressao em repouso

neutrale (grond)druk

limiti di Attreberg, limiti di

consistenza

limites de Atterberg

Atterbergse grenzen

trivella, punta elicoidale

trado

avegaar

foro trivellato

furo de trado

avegaar boring

palo trivellateo ad elica

continua

estaca executada com trado avegaarpaal

contnuo (CFA)

palo trivellato

estaca executada com trado avegaarpaal

contnuo

chiudere, riempire,
riempimento

aterro

aanvulling

escavatore a braccio
rovescio

retroscavadora

getrokken laadschop

sessola gottazza votazza,

curetta

limpadeira

puls

barrette

barreta

diepwand element

sollevamento del fondo

deslocamento pela base

zwel van de
(bouwput)bodem

rottura della base

rotura pela base

bezwijken ondergrond
beneden de voet (van de
paal)

basamento

fundaao

kelder

palo inclinato
trave
capacit portante

estaca inclinada
viga
capacidade de carga

schoorpaal
balk
draagvermogen

palo portante

estaca de suporte

paal op druk belast

pressione di appoggio

carga

funderingsdruk

roccia di base

firme, so

(diepe, draagkrachtige)
rotslaag

ancoraggio a campana
cassone a campana

ancoragem em forma de
sino
caixo em forma de sino

flessione
momento flettente
bentonite

flexo
momento flector
bentonite

injectieanker met
verbreed uiteinde
boorpaal met verbrede
voet
buiging
buigend moment
Bentoniet

berma

berma, banqueta

berm

far esplodere

desmontar a fogo

doen springen, opblazen

segregazione

ressurgncia

bleeding (van beton)

bloccaggio, intasamento

blocos de encunhamento,
calos

verstopping (van verticale

drains)

conto dei colpi

contagem de pancadas

kalender (bij heien)

contacolpi

contador de pancadas

klappen teller

palude

turfeira

moeras, drassig land

ebollizione di sabbia

passagem a movedia

opbarsten van
zandbodem (bijvoorbeeld
door piping)

vite, bullone

parafuso

bout

resistenza per aderenza,

adesione

resistencia de aderencia

aanhechtingssterkte

rimbombo braccio

flutuantes de proteo

giek

foro, sondaggio,
trivellazione
pali trivellati

sondagem

boren, boring, boorgat

diametro del foro di

carotaggio

diametro do furo de
sondagem

diameter van het boorgat

materiali di prestito

material de escavao

uitkomende grond

sollevamento del fondo

deslocamento pela base

trovante, blocco

godo grosso

zwel van de
(bouwput)bodem
steen

argilla a blocchi, argilla

morenica

conglomerado

kleileem, klei met stenen

estaca executada rotao boorpaal

sostegno, puntello

escora

stempelen

scavo contrastato (con

puntelli)
puntellamento

escavao entivada

gestempelde ontgraving

entivao

stempel

tensione di rottura
muro di sostegno

tenso de rotura
muro de suporte

breukspanning
keermuur

deformazione,
schiacciamento
costruzione, edificio

flambagem, encurvadura

knikken

edificio, construo

gebouw, bouwwerk

regolamento edilizio

regulamento de construo

bouwvoorschrift

terreno di costruzione
cantiere
bulbo di distribuzione delle
tensioni

estaleiro

bouwplaats

bolbo de tenses

spanningsconcentratie

opvullen van holle ruimte

muratura di sostegno

aterro no tardoz duma

cortina
cortina de estacas, cortina

bulldozer, apripista

tractor de lamina

bulldozer

spinta di galleggiamento

impulso

opdrijven

peso di volume immerso

peso especifico submerso

onderwater gewicht,
effectief gewicht

testa

topo, cabeca

paalkop

sostenere

sustentar com contrafortes

ondersteunen

gabbia di armatura

gaiola (de armaduras)

wapeningskorf

cassone

caixo

caisson

kistdam

calibrato

aferir, calibrar

calibratie

sbalzo

consola

uitkragende ligger

palancolata a mensola, a
sbalzo

estacas-pranchas em
consola

onverankerde damwand

capillarit

capilaridade

capilairiteit

casi precedenti

historico de casos, exemplos voorbeeld van een

tipicos
uitgevoerd project

foro rivestito

furo de sondagem entubado met casing ondersteund

boorgat

camicia/tubolare

encamisamento

casing

rivestimento, tubo di
rivestimento

tubo de revestimento

casing buis

muro diaframma in
calcestruzzo gettato in
opera
palo rivestito in opera, in
sito

parede de beto armado

moldada no solo

diepwand

estaca moldada no solo

boorpaal

catodo

catodo

kathode

cavit

cavidade

holte

avandiga cellulare

ensecadeira celular

kistdam opgebouwd uit

celvormige elementen

iniezione cementizia,
boiacca di cemento

calda de cimento

grout

centralizzato

centralizador

zoeker, centreer
hulpmiddel

centrifuga

centrifugadora

centrifuge

camera

camara, caverna

kamer

resistenza interna
resistncia interna
caratteristica di ancoraggio caracterstica duma
ancoragem

karakteristieke sterkte
van het
verankeringselement

carica (esplosiva)

cargas de explosivos

springlading

iniezione chimica

chemische injectie

propriet chimiche

injeco de produtos
quimicos
propridades quimicas

scalpello a percussione

cinzel

beitel

punta tagliante

trepano

snijtand (graafwerktuig)

chemische samenstelling

benna bivalve

escavadora de mandibulas

schelpvormige grijper

argilla

argila

klei

rappresentante tecnico del

cliente

representante tcnico do
cliente

opzichter

ben gradato

solo de granulometria
uniforme

grond met uniforme

korrelverdeling

a grana grossa
a grana grossa

grosseiro
grosseiro

grofkorrelig
grofkorrelig

ciottolo

calhau rolado (burgau, godo) kei, steen

coefficiente di spinta del

terreno

coeficiente de impulso de
terras

gronddruk coefficient

avandiga

ensecadeira

kistdam

coesione

coeso

cohesie

incoerente, non coesivo,

granulare

incoerente

niet-cohesief

colloidi

coloides

collod

colonna, pilastro

coluna

kolom, pijler

compatto

compactar

verdichten

compattabilit

compatibilidade

verdichtbaarheid

iniezione di compattazione

injeco de compactao

compaction grouting

pali di compattazione

estacas de compactao

verdichtingspaal (zoals
een stone column)

pali compositi

estacas mistas

combinatiepaal

aria compressa

ar comprimido

lucht onder overdruk

compressione

compresso

samendrukking, druk

palo a compressione

estaca comprimida

op druk belaste paal

onda di compressione

onda de compresso

drukgolf

compressore

compressor

compressor

carico concentrato

carga concentrada

puntlast, punt belasting

calcestruzzo (armato)

beto (armado)

[gewapend] beton

palo in calcestruzzo
getto di calcestruzzo
palo di calcestruzzo

estaca de beto
betonagem
tubo de betonagem

penetrometro a punta
conica

penetrmetro em cone

betonpaal
beton storten
transportbuis voor
betonmortel
sondeer apparaat

prova di compressione
confinata

ensaio edometrico

uni-axiale drukproef

conglomerato

conglomerado

conglomeraat

consolidato

consolidar

consolideren

velocit di carico costante

carregamento constante

constante belasting
snelheid

prova penetrometrica a
velocit di avanzamento
costante

variao constante dum

ensaio de penetrao

verplaatsingsgestuurde
proefbelasting

iniezione da contatto

injeco de contacto

grouten van interfaces

pressione di contatto

tenso de contacto

contactdruk

container

contentor

container

palo trivellateo ad elica

continua

estaca executada com trado avegaarpaal

contnuo (CFA)

impresario
esplosione controllata

empreiteiro
exploso controlada

aannemer
gecontroleerd springen
(opblazen met
explosieven)

trasportatore

transportador

lopende band

foro, campione di
trivellazione, carota
palo carotato

carote (nucleo)

boorkern

estaca revestida

paal waarin een

kernboring is gemaakt

gancio
copertura

acoplador
recobrimento (beto)

koppeling
betondekking

fessura, rottura

fissura

scheur

scorrimento
limite di creep

fluir
limite de fluncia

kruip
kruipmaat

pali in legno lubrificato (con estacas de madeira

creosoto)
creosotada

met creosoot
geimpregneerde houten
paal

muro a sacco

muros de suporte celulares

carico limite di creep

carga crtica de fluncia

?? (zoals een
berlinerwand)
kritische kruipbelasting

pietre frantumate

brita

gebroken steen

cortina

cortina de estanquidade

waterkerend scherm

antivibrazione,
ammortizzare

almofada

antivibrazione,
ammortizzare
taglio

almofada

dempen

trincheira

verticale ontgraving

diaframma

muro corta-aguas

waterkerend scherm

anello di taglio

anel cortante

snijring

cilindro

cilindro

cylinder

diga

barragem

dam

carico di riferimento

carga de referncia

initile belasting (nullast)

carico permanente
ancoraggio, corpo morto

peso prprio
bloco de ancoragem

eigen gewicht
ballastanker

tempo di decadimento

tempo de queda de pulsao

roccia decomposta

rocha alterada

verweerd gesteente

decompressione

descompresso

drukafname

fondazione profonda

fundao profunda

paalfundering

flessione

flecha, defleco

doorbuiging, horizontale
verplaatsing

deformazione

deformao

vervorming, verplaatsing

grado di compattazione

grau de compactao

verdichtingsgraad

grado di saturazione

grau de saturao

verzadigingsgraad

ritardo

diferenca de tempo de
detonaes
baridade, densidade

vertraging

densit, peso di volume

unitario
deposito

baridade, densidade
depsito

dichtheid, volumiek
gewicht
depot

profondit di fondazione

profundidade da fundao

aanlegdiepte

profondit di penetrazione

profundidade de penetrao indringingsdiepte

disseccazione
disseccazione

exsicaa, secagem
exsicao, secagem

densit, peso di volume

unitario

uitdroging

progetto

projecto

ontwerp(berekening)

carico di progetto

carga de clculo

ontwerpbelasting

dettaglio

pormenores

details

deterioramento
detonazione

deteriorao
detonao

uiteenvallen
opblazen, doen springen

attrezzatura
prosciugamento,
aggottamento

aparelho
por a sco o cabouco,
drenagem

apparaat
ontwatering, bemaling

diaframma

diafragma

membraan (diepwand)

cedimento differenziale

assentamento diferencial

verschilzetting

inclinazione

declive

depressie (geologie)

disintegrazione

desintegrao

uiteenvallen

spostamento

deslocamento

verplaatsing

iniezione dislocante/ per

spostamento

injeco provocando
deslocamento do solo

verdringend grouten

palo infisso

estaca de deslocamento

paal met
grondverdringing

carico distribuito

carga distribuida

verdeelde belasting

campione disturbato

amostra remexida

verstoord monster

deviazione

derivao, desvio

omleiding

molo, bacino

doca, cais, molhe

haven, kade

boa d'ormeggio, pilone di

ormeggio

duque d'Alba

dukdalf

avandiga a doppio muro

ensecadeira de parede

kistdam

draga

arrastar

gru a cingoli

colher de arrasto

ww.: sleuren, hangen;

zn.: dreg
dragline

sfruttamento

abaixamento

neerwaarts richting van

een kracht (zoals in
negatieve kleef)

dragare

dragar

baggeren

traiettoria

deriva

traiettoria

deriva

afwijking van de verticaal

trapano, perforatrice
pozzo in corso di
perforazione, foro di
perforazione

furar
furo de sondagem

boren
boorgat

pali trivellati

estaca perfurada

boopaal

trivellare

furao

boren

liquido /fango di trivellazione fluido de furao

boorspoeling

fluido di perforazione

lama de sondagem

boorspoeling

fango di perforazione

lama de perfurao

dikke boorspoeling

attrezzatura di perforazione equipamento de sondagem

boor equipment

battere

cravar

heien

scarpa d'infissione, scarpa

di battitura

ponteira

driving shoe

camicia d'infissione

tubo de cravao

heibuis, heicasing

palo infisso, palo battuto

estaca cravada

heipaal

infiggere, battere

cravao

heien

rapporto d'infissione

registro de cravaao

rapporto d'infissione

registo de cravao

kalender (bij heien)

resistenza all'infissione

resistncia cravao

heiweerstand

prova d'infissione, prova di

battitura
maglio

ensaio de penetrao

heiproef

pilo

valblok

densit secca, peso di

volume secco

baridade seca

droge dichtheid, droog

volumiek gewicht

peso secco

peso seco

droge dichtheid, droog

volumiek gewicht

duttilit

ductilidade

vervormbaarheid

durabilit

durabilidade

duurzaamheid

argine, diga

dique

dijk

test di carico dinamico

ensaio de carga dinmico

carico dinamico

carga dinmica

dynamische
proefbelasting
dynamische belasting

test dinamico sul palo

ensaio dinmico duma

estaca

dynamische
belastingsproef op palen

prova di penetrazione
dinamica

sondagem dinmica

dynamische sondering,
rammsondering

prova dinamica

ensaio dinmico

dynamische proef

spinta del terreno

impulso de terras

gronddruk

carico eccentrico

carga excntrica

excentrische belasting

eccentricita

excentricidade

excentriciteit

pressione efficace

presso efectiva

effectieve spanning,
korrelspanning

deformazione elastica

deformao elstica

elastische rek

modulo elastico

mdulo de elasticidade

elasticiteitsmodulus

elettrodo
elettro-osmosi

electrodo
electro-osmose

electrode
electro-osmose

terrapieno, rilevato

aterro

ophoging, dam

inserire, incorporare,
incastrare

envolver

inbedden

incapsulare

entubamento

coating
(corrosiebescherming)

palo portante di punta

estaca trabalhando de ponta stuitpaal (puntdragende

paal)

perdite di energia

perda de energia

energie verlies

ingegneria

engenharia

ontwerpen

geologia applicata

engenharia geolgica

ingenieursgeologie

punta allargata

base alargada

aria inglobata

ar ocluso

vergrote voet, verbrede

voet
ingesloten lucht

epossidi

resinas epxidicas

kunsthars

equilibrio
equipaggiamento,
attrezzatura

equilibrio
equipamento

evenwicht
equipment

evaporazione
materiale escavato
escavazione, scavo

evaporao
material escavado
escavao

verdamping
ontgraven grond
ontgraving

escavatore
pressione idrostatica
eccedente

escavadora
sobrepresso hidrosttica

graafmachine
water overspanning

esplosivi

explosivos

explosief

resistenza esterna di
ancoraggio

resistncia externa duma

ancoragem

houdkracht van het anker

(grondmechanisch)

estrazione

extraco

uittrekken

coefficiente de sicurezza

coeficiente de segurana

veiligheidsfactor

rottura, avaria
carico di rottura

rotura
carga de rotura

bezwijken
bezwijkbelasting

superficie di rottura

superficie de rotura

bezwijk oppervlak

falsa presa

falsa presa

schijnverharding (van
beton)

fascina

faxina

takkenbos

faglia, fagliamento

falha

geologische breuk

riempimento, riporto

aterro

aanvul materiaal

filler, materiale inerte di

additivazione

filler, enchimento

vulmiddel

riempimento

enchimento

aanvullen

filtro

filtro, dreno

filter

fini

finos

fijn zand, fijn materiaal

metodo degli elementi finiti metodo dos elementos

finitos

eindige elementen
methode

base stabile, fondo fisso

base firme

vaste grondslag

injeco de fissura

injectie van scheuren

lunghezza d'incastro di
ancoraggio

comprimento de selagem
duma ancoragem

weerstandselement (van
een grondanker)

incastro perfetto

encastramento na base

inklemmingsmoment ??

fondazione flessibile

fundao flexivel

slappe fundering

forza di flessione, resistenza resistncia flexo

a flessione

buigsterkte

fondazione sospesa su pali fundao sobre estacas

flutuantes
flocculante
floculado
piano
pavimento

kleefpaalfundering

flottazione , galleggiamento flutuao

flotation

flusso

stroming, debiet

fluxo, escoamento

flucculent
vloer, etage

rete di flusso

rede de percolao

grondwater net

ceneri volanti

cinza volante

vliegas

fogliazione

foliao

foliatie (bij gesteente)

prolungi di battitura

adicional de cravao de
estaca

follower

base d'appoggio,
fondazione, plinto

sapata

fundament

formazione

formao

formatie, laag

fondazione

fundao

fundering

frattura
telaio

fractura
prtico

breuk, scheur
frame

lunghezza libera di
ancoraggio

comprimento livre dum

tirante

vrije ankerlengte

frequenza

frequencia

frequentie

acqua dolce
roccia friabile
attrito

agua doce
rocha friavel
atrito

zoetwater
brossige rots
wrijving

palo portante per attrito

estaca flutuante (estaca por wrijvingspaal

atrito lateral)

gelo

gelo

vorst

sollevamento per gelo

empolamento devido ao gelo opvriezen

saracinesca

comporta, porto

poort

indicatore, misuratore

instrumento de medida,
bitola, calibrador

opnemer

geologia
indagine geofisica

geologia
explorao geofisica

geologie
geofysische exploratie

geotecnica

geotecnico

geotechniek

trave portante, trave

maestra

viga

ligger, stalen balk

deposito glaciale

depsito glaciar

ijstijd afzetting, gaciale

afzetting

dilavamento glaciale,
deposito morenico

depsito glaciar

glacial uitspoeling

gradazione

graduao

gradatie

classificatore, maicchina
spianatrice

niveladora

shovel

forma dei grani

forma dos gros

korrelvorm

granulometria

dimenso dos gros

korrelafmetingen

ghiaia

godo, burgau

grind

iniezione a gravit

injeco por gravidade

grouten zonder overdruk

martello a gravit, maglio a martelo de queda livre

caduta libera

valhamer

piattaforma di fondazione
reticolo di fondazione

fundao em grelha

macinare

moer

fundament van
kruiselings gestapelde
balken
slijpen

livello del terreno

nivel do solo

maaiveld,

superficie del terreno

superficie do terreno natural maaiveld,

acqua di falda

gua subterrnea, aqufero, grondwater

nivel fretico

effetto di gruppo
cemento liquido/ iniezione

efeito de grupo
calda / calda de cimento

groepsaktie
grout

cortina d'iniezione

cortina de injeco

gegroute wand

iniettare

injectar

grouten

iniettare

injeco sob presso

het grouten

pressione di iniezione

presso de injeco

groutdruk

muro guida

muretes-guia

geleide wanden

martello

martelo, pilo

hamer

hardpan, livello molto

cementato, crosta dura

rocha alterada

dichte tussenlaag grond

attrezzatura d'avanzamento equipamento de transporte

diepladers

pericolo, rischio

risco

levensgevaarlijke situatie

muro di testa

coroamento do muro

kopwand

calore d'idratazione

calor de hidratao

hydratatie warmte

sollevamento, innalzamento empolar

zwellen, rijzen, opheien

trivella ad elica

avegaar

trado helicoidal

eterogeneo

heterogeneo

heterogeen

omogeneo

homogeneo

homogeen

spinta orizzontale del

terreno

pressao horizontal de terras horizontale gronddruk

palo con putrella a doppio T estacas de perfil H

H-profiel paal

riempimento idraulico

aterro hidraulico

opgespoten grond

fratturazione idraulica

fracturao hidrulica

hydrraulisch breken

idrologia

hidrologia

hydrologie

ghiaccio e neve

gelo e neve

ijs en sneeuw

impatto

impacto

stoot, botsing

impenetrabile

impermeavel

impenetrabile

impermeavel

copertura impenetrabile

tapete impermeavel

ondoordringbaar,
ondoorlatend
ondoorlatende laag

indice

indice

index

indurito

endurecido, concrecionado

verhard

deformazione non elastica

deformao no linear

inelastische
vervorming/deformatie

infiltrazione

infiltrao

infiltratie

inizio di presa

presa inicial

initiele zetting

immissione, entrata

entrada, admisso

inlet

terreno inorganico

solo inorganico

anorganisch

resistenza in sito

resistncia "in situ"

test in sito, prova in sito

ensaio "in situ"

ispezione

inspeco

sterkte ter plaatse, in situ

sterkte
test ter plaatse, in situ
test,
inspectie

strumentazione

instrumentaao

strumentazione

instrumentao

instrumentatie

roccia intatta
test d'integrit

rocha s
ensaio de integridade

intacte rots
integriteits meting,
sonisch doormeten

intergranulare

intergranular

intergranulaire

collegamento tra palancole encaixes de estacaspranchas metlicas

damwand slot

attrito interno

atrito interno

inwendige wrijving

arco rovescio

base de uma conduta

omkeren

test d'indagine

teste de ensaio

onderzoek test

martinetto

macaco

vijzel

pali precompressi

estacas instaladas sob

presso

gevijzelde palen

attrezzatura di
precompressione

equipamento de elevao

vijzel appartuur

getto

jacto

mondstuk, straal, spuiten

pali iniettati

estacas cravadas com jacto gespoten palen

de gua

giunto

junta

verbinding

diaclasi

padro de juntas

scheur patroon

carsico

karst, carst

karst

parete di tavole

atraso, desfasagem

keerwand

terra
frana, scivolamento di
terreno

terra
escorregamento

land
aardverschuiving

forze laterali

foras laterais

laterale, zijdelingse
krachten

pressione laterale, spinta

laterale

presso lateral

laterale, zijdelingse druk

supporto laterale, sostegno suporte lateral

laterale

laterale, zijdelingse
ondersteuning

strato
lisciva

laag
loog

camada
deslavar

perdita, percolato

perda por infiltrao

lekkage

argine, diga

levada, aude

rivierdijk

braccio di leva

brao de alavanca

hefboom arm

aggregati leggeri

agregados leves

lichtgewicht toeslag

calce, calcare

cal, calcreo

kalk, kalksteen

analisi limite

analise limite

bezwijkanalyse

rivestimento, incamiciatura manga

bekleding

rivestire, incamiciare

encamisamento

stortkoker, stortpijp

rottura per liquefazione

rotura por liquefao

bezwijken door vloeien

liquido
limite di liquidit
indice di liquidit
carico accidentale,
sovraccarico
carico
elemento di capacit
portante
capacit portante

liquido
limite de liquidez
indice de liquidez
sobrecarga

vloeistof
vloeigrens
vloeiindex
veranderlijke belasting

carga
elemento resistente

belasting
dragend element

capacidade de carga

draagvermogen

fattore di carico

fator de carga

belastingsfactor

indicatore di carico

medidor de carga

drukdoos

incremento di carico

incremento de carga

belastingstoename

perdita di carico limite

perda de tenso admissvel belastinggrens

prova di carico

ensaio de carga

poefbelasting

caricatore, draga di
caricamento
carico e scarico

carregadora

wiellader

carga e descarga

belasten en ontlasten

attrezzatura di carico

estrutura de carga

belastings frame

curva carico-cedimento
curva carico-cedimento

curva de cargaassentamento
curva de tenso-deformao lastzakkingsdiagram

terriccio, argilla da mattoni

limo

leem

serratura , chiusura
eclusa
bloccaggio/ carico di blocco fora de bloqueamento

slot
ankerschot, ankerwand

loess

loess, limo argilo-calcreo

loss

registrazione dei dati di

perforazione

toro, tronco

logboek, journaal

sciolto

brando, frouxo, solto, fofo

loss

cemento a basso calore

d'idratazione

cimento de baixo calor de

hidratao

lage warmte cement

lubrificare, ingrassare

lubrificar

smeermiddel

terreno di riporto

aterro

aangebrachte grond

carico di prova costante

ensaio de carga

test met aangehouden

belasting

manicotto del mandrino

camisa, involucro

mantel, mouw

deposito marino
traccia, caposaldo di
livellazione

depsito marinho
referencia

marine afzetting
vast punt, referentie punt

marna
palude, pantano

marga
pantano

mergel
moeras

calcetruzzo massivo

beto de enchimento, beto betonmassa

ciclpico

fondazione a piastra (a
platea)

ensoleiramento geral

balken fundering

misura
membrana
apertura della maglia, rete

medida, medio
membrana
malha

meting
membraam
maas, netwerk

pali radice, micro pali

microestaca

micropile

giunto del micro palo

junta de microestaca

micopile koppeling

minerali

minerais

mineraal

mescolato in posto,
miscelato insito
miscelatore, mescolatore

misturado no local

in sity gemend

misturador, betoneira

mixer, menger

attrezzatura mobile

equipamento movel

monbiele apparatuur

modulo di elasticit

modulo de elasticidade

elasticiteitsmodulus

modulo di sottofondo

coeficiente de reaco

umido
umidit
momento d'inerzia

humido
teor de humidade
momento de inercia

ondergrond reactie
modulus
vocht
vochtgehalte
traagheidsmoment

maglio (di battipalo)

martelo de bate-estacas

persoon/apparaat voor
positioneren paal

morena

moreia

morene

malta

argamassa

mortel

screziato, variegato,
varicolore
fango, fango organico

variegado, hetergeneo

fango, fango organico

vasa, lama

gevlekt

vasa, lama

modder, waterige
modderbrei

iniezione di miscele a base injeco de argila

di argilla

het pompen van een

grondgroutmengsel

onda di fango
brillamento su pi banchi

onda de lama
exploso por banquetas
multiplas

modderstroom
explodere met meerdere
afschuifvlakken

brillamento su pi file

exploso por filas multiplas

exploderen in rijen

iniezione a pi stadi, riprese injeco mltipla

edificio alto, edificio
multipiano

edificio alto, edificio com

muitos andares

grouten in meerdere
stappen
gebouw met meerdere
verdiepingen

umidit naturale , contenuto teor de humidade natural

d'acqua naturale

natuurlijk vochtgehalte

pressione dei pori negativa suco capillar

negative porriendruk

resistenza all'attrito negativa suco capilar

negatieve mantelwrijving

nipplo

mamilo

nippel

prove non distruttive

ensaios nao-destrutivos

nietdestructief onderzoek

iniezione non dislocante

injeco sem deslocamento

de solo

normalmente consolidato

normalmente adensado

normaal geconsolideerd

pozzo d'osservazione,
pozzo spia

tubo piezometrico

observaite put

cassone aperto
scavo aperto, trincea

caixo aberto
trincheira aberta

open caisson
open snede

materiale organico

materia organica

organisch materiaal

oscillatore

oscilador

oscillator, vibrator

osmosi

osmose

osmose

affioramento

afloramento

rots aan het oppervlak

superficie di dilavamento,
piana fluvioglaciale

plano aluvionar

vlakke uitspoeling

sovrascavo
sovrascavo

sobreescavao
sobreescavao

extrauitgraving
verspilld materiaal

terreno di copertura

recobrimento

overdruk

sovraconsolidato

sobreconsolidado

overgeconsolideerd

sovraccarico

sobrecarga

overbelasting

sovrasollecitazione

sobretenso

overspanning

pannello

painel

paneel

granulometria, dimensione
delle particelle

dimenso dos gros

afmetingen deeltje

spinta passiva del terreno

impulso passivo das terras

passieve gronddruk

tondo pisello (ghiaino)

gravilha

fijn grind

resistenza al taglio di picco resistncia limite ao corte

maximale afschuifsterkte

torba

turfa

veen

ciottolo

kiezelsteen

piedestallo

pedra, seixo, cascalho,

calhau
soco, embasamento

iniezione a penetrazione

injeco de penetrao

groutinjectie

registrazione
registo de penetrao
dell'avanzamento
resistenza all'avanzamento resistencia penetrao

voetstuk

indringingsregistratie
indringweerstand

prova di penetrazione

ensaio de penetrao

indringingstest

penetrometro

penetrmetro

penetrometer

percentuale in peso

percentagem em peso

gewichtspercentage

falda idrica sospesa

nivel de guas penduradas

waterspiegel door
capillaire werking

percolazione

percolao

percolatie

perforazione a percussione sondagem por percussao

heiend boren

permafrost, gelo perenne

terreno permanentemente
gelado

permafrost

ancoraggio permanente

ancoragem definitiva

blijvend naker

permeabilit

permeabilidade

doorlatendheid

iniezione di permeazione
(impregnante)

injeco de impregnao

impregnerend grouten

superficie freatica

nivel freatico

fondazione di pile,
fondazione a pozzo

pego, fundao por poos, paal fundament

tubulo

piezometro

piezometro

waterspanningsmeter

altezza piezometrica

altura piezometrica

waterspanningshoogte

superficie piezometrica

superficie piezometrica

piezemetriach oppervlak

palo

estaca

paal

attrezzatura per l'infissione bate-estacas

dei pali
capacit portante del palo capacidade de carga de
estaca

piastra di collegamento di
pali, pulvino

phreatisch oppervlak

heiframe
paaldraagvermogen

encabecamento de estacas paalmuts

infissione di pali, battitura di cravao de estacas

pali

heien

formula dinamica per pali

infissi
resistenza all'infissione dei
pali

frmula de cravao

heiformule

resistncia cravao

heiweerstand

estrazione dei pali

extraco de estaca

het trekken van een paal

fondazione su pali

fundao por estacaria

paalfundering

gruppo di pali
grupo de estacas
martello battipalo, maglio da pilo do bate-estacas
battipalo

paalgroep
heinamer

prova di carico su pali

ensaio de carga de estacas proefbelasting

maglio (di battipalo)

martelo de bate-estacas

persoon/apparaat voor
positioneren paal

canale, tubazione

tubo

pijp

condotto, tubazione

pijplijn

sifonamento

alinhamento de condutas,
tubagem
eroso interna

campionatore a pistone

extractor de embolo

bemonsteringsbuis

piping, sifonwerking

buca, cava, scavo, pozzetto poo

bouwput

materiale escavato

materiais de minerao

vrijgekomen materiaal

piano di debolezza

afglijdvlak

deformazione piana

superficie de menor
resistncia
deformao plana

calcestruzzo plastico

beto plstico

plastisch beton

muro di calcestruzzo
plastico

parede em beto plstico

wand van plastisch beton

vlakke
spanningstoestand

deformazione plastica

deformao plstica

plastische deformatie

limite di plasticit

limite de plasticidade

plasticiteitsgrens

terreno plastico
plasticit

solo plstico
plasticidade

plastische grond
plastciteit

indice di plasticit

indice de plasticidade

plasticiteitsindex

prova di carico su piastra

plaat test

tappo

ensaio de carga sobre

placas
tampo

cassone pneumatico

caixo pneumtico

pneumatisch caisson

palo portante di punta

estaca trabalhando de ponta puntdragende paal

carico di punta

carga de ponta

puntbelasting

resistenza di punta

resistencia de ponta

puntweerstand

rapporto di Poisson

coeficiente de Poisson

Poisson getal

polimero

polimero

polymeer

stagno

encher de gua

vijver

mal gradato, assortito

mal graduado

slecht gegradeerd

plug

dissipazione della pressione dissipao de presses

dei pori
neutras

waterdruk disspatie

pressione dell'acqua dei

pori
porosit

presso de gua intersticial porienwaterdruk

porosidade

porositeit

trivelle meccaniche

trados mecanizados

gemotoriseerde
schroefboor

preforo

ante-poco; (poo-piloto), pr- voorboring

sondagem, sondagem
prvia,

calcestruzzo
preconfezionato,
prefabricato
muro diaframma di
calcestruzzo prefabbricato

beto prfabricado

prefab beton

parede moldada prfabricada

wand van prefab beton

pali in calcestruzo
preconfezionato

estaca prfabricada

prefab betonnen palen

precompressione
preconsolidazione
pressione di
preconsolidazione

prcompresso
prconsolidao
presso de pradensamento

voordruk
preconsolidatie
preconsolidatiedruk

prefabbricazione

prfabricao

prefabricatie

indagine preliminare

estudo preliminar

voorlopig onderzoek

micropalo preliminari

microestaca preliminar

tijdelijke micropaal

palo preliminare

estaca preliminar

voorlopige paal

precarico

pr-carga

voorbelasten

palo prefabbricato

estaca pr-imjectada

voorgeinjecteerde paal

preservazione
prerottura, conservazione,
pretaglio

preservao
pr-fissurao

bescherming
explosietechniek met
initiele scheurvorming

pressione
pressione a riposo

presso, tenso
impulso em repouso

druk
druk in rusttoestand

bulbo di pressione

bolbo de presses

druk bel

indicatore di pressione,
manometro

manmetro

drukopnemer

presollecitazione,
precompresso

pr-esforar

voorspanning

consolidazione primaria

consolidao primria

primaire consolidatie

progetto

projecto, empreendimento

projekt

carico di prova
puntello, sbadacchio,
puntone

carga de ensaio
escora

test belasting
prop

protezione
rivestimento protettivo,
pittura protettiva

proteco
revestimentos protectores

bescherming
beschemende laag

argilla compattata

argila de amassar

modderige klei

prova di estrazione

ensaio de arrancamento

trektest

pompa
calcestruzzo pompato

bomba
beto bombado

pomp
gepompt beton

prova di pompaggio

ensaio de bombagem

pomp test

test di idoneit

ensaio de qualificao

kwalificatie test

controllo di qualit

controlo de qualidade

kwaliteitscontrole

caua, petraia
quarzo
molo
banchina
liquefazione
limi sciolti mobili

pedreira
quartzo
cais
muro de cais
sifonamento
cal viva

groeve
kwarts
kade
kademuur
vloeiconditie
vloeiend kalk

sabbie mobili

areia movedia

drijfzand

maglio (di battipalo)

martelo de bate-estacas

persoon/apparaat voor
positioneren paal

fondazione a platea

ensoleiramento geral

balken fundering

ferrovia

caminho de ferro

spoorweg

battipalo, mazzapicchio,
pestello

mao

battipalo, mazzapicchio,
pestello

mao

heiblok

abbassamento rapido

abaixamento rpido (do

reservatorio)

snelle inlinking

indicatore di velocit

taquimetro

snelheidsindicator

velocit di carico

velocidade de aplicao de
carga

belastingssnelheid

alesato

broqueado, alargado

met verlengde boor

geboord

curva di rimbalzo, curva di

scarico

curva de empolamento, de
descarga

ontlastingskrome

ricarico

recarregar

herladen

ricompressione

recompresso

hercompressie

recupero

recuperao

herstel

base di fondazione
rettangolare
punto di riferimento

sapata retangular

rechthoekige fundering

marca, referencia

referentiepunt

palo in calcestruzzo armato estaca de beto armado

gewapende betonnen
paal

terra armata
terra armada
muro bentonitico rinforzato parede moldada armada

gewapende grond
gewapende

densit relativa
rilassamento

densidade relativa
relaxao

relatieve dichtheid
relaxatie, ontspanning

pozzo di alleggerimento,
pozzo ausiliario

poo de alivio

ontlastbronnen

carichi ripetuti

carga repetida

herhaalde belasting

sforzo residuo

tenso residual

restspanning, residuele
spanning

resina

resina

momento de resistenza

momento resistente

tegenwerkend moment

frequenza di risonanza

frequencia de ressonancia

resonantiefrequentie

muro di sostegno, paratia

muro de suporte

keerwand, keermuur

additivo ritardante

agente retardador

vertrager

fondazione rigida

fundao rigida

stijve fundering

muro rigido, paratia rigida

muro rigido

stijve wand

fondazione subacquea in
pietrame alla rinfusa

enrocamento de proteco

steenaanvulling

roccia

rocha

rots, gesteente

ancoraggio per roccia

ancoragem em rocha

rotsanker

bullone per roccia

chumbadoros em rocha

rotsanker

inerte gradato per dighe in

terra
asta

enrocamento

steenaanvulling

haste

stang, staaf

perforazione a rotazione

sondagem com sonda

rotativa
perfurao por percusso

roratyboring

rotazione
linea di pali, fila di pali

rotao
alinhamento de estacas

draaiing, rotatie
palenrij

deflusso
rottura

escoamento
ruptura, rotura

afschot
breuk, scheur

carico ammissibile

carga de segurana

toelaatbare belasting

fattore di sicurezza

coeficiente de segurana

veiligheidsfactor

perforazione a
rotopercussione

rotary-slagboring

sali
campione

sais
amostra

zouten
monster, monstername

disturbo del campionamento remeximento de amostra

monsterverstoring

cucchiaia campionatrice

colher para colheita de

amostras
tubo campionatore, fustella extractor

monsterlepel

sabbia

areia

zand

dreni in sabbia

drenos de areia

zanddrain

palo in sabbia
terreno saturo

estaca de areia
solo saturado

zandpaal

bilancia
scarificatore

escala
escarificador

schaal

scarpata

escarpa

verhang

erosione superficiale,
scalzamento

infra-escavao

uitspoelen

ruspa

scraper

scraper

monsternameboor

crivello, retino, vaglio

peneiro

zeef

pali ad elica

estaca de rosca

schroefpaal

livello del mare

nivel do mar

zeeniveau, zeespeigel

muro a mare, parete a mare molhe

havendam

sigillatura, sbarramento

selar

afdichten

effetto stagionale

efeito sazonal

seizoeneffect

compressione secondaria,
cedimento secondario

compressao secundaria

secundaire druk(belasting)

sezione
roccia sedimentaria

suco
rocha sedimentar

doorsnede
sedimentgesteente

filtrazione

percolao

flusso di filtrazione

fluxo de percolao

progetto sismico

projecto sismico

seismisch ontwerp

velocit sismica

velocidade sismica

seismische snelheid

sismometro

sismometro

seismometer

bentonite auto indurenete

calda autoendurecida

zelfhardende slurry

peso proprio

peso prprio

eigen gewicht

argilla sensitiva

argila sensitiva

gevoelige klei

sensore

sensor

sensor

successione di strati,
sequenza di strati

sequencia de estratos ou
camadas

laagvolgorde

messa a punto

presa (materiais)

opstijving, verharding

cedimento

assentamento

zetting

analisi del cedimento

anlise de assentamentos

zettingsanalyse

curva di cedimento

curva de assentamentos

zettingskromme

misura del cedimento

medio de assentamentos zettingsmeting

piano di assestamento

placa para medio de

assentamentos

zettingsplaat

fogna

tubo, conduta de esgoto

riolering

albero, asta, pozzo

diametro del pozzo

poo
dimetro do fuste

schacht
paaldoorsnede,
paaldiameter

schisto argilloso
taglio superficiale, scavo
superficiale
fondazione superficiale

xisto
trincheira pouco profunda

schiste
ondiepe ontgraving

fundao superficial

fundering op staal

forza di taglio
sollecitazione altaglio

esforo de corte
tenso de corte

schuifkracht
schuifspanning

prova di taglio
resistenza al taglio, taglio

ensaio de corte
resistencia ao corte

schuifproef
shuifsterkte

paratia con palancole,

palancolata

cortina de estacas-pranchas damwand

diaframma di palancole

corta-aguas em estacasdamwandscherm
pranchas
cortina de estacas-pranchas damwand

muro di palancole,
palancolata

palificata, revistimento con

palancolata

estaca-prancha

keerwand

puntellamento

escoramento

afschoring, stempeling

calcestruzzo proiettato,
calcestruzzo spruzzato

beto projectado

spuitbeton

pala, badile, draga

ritiro

p
contraco, retraco

shovel
krimp

attrito laterale

atrito lateral

plaatselijke wrijving

analisi granulometrica per

vagliatura

peneirao, anlise por

peneirao

zeefanalyse

silice
silt, limo

silica
silte

silica
silt

insabbiamento, deposito di decantar

limo

sito, luogo cantiere

local da obra

bouwplaats (flemish:
werf)

indagine in sito

estudo no local

bouwplaatsonderzoek

resistenza all'attrito

atrito superficial

schachtwrijving

soletta

laje

plaat, strook

argilloscisto, ardesia

ardosia

specchio di faglia
scivolo, piano inclinato,
frana

espelho de falha
escorregamento

glijdschacht
afglijden

scorrimento

deslizamento

glijden

superficie di scorrimento

superficie de deslizamento

glijdvlak

scarpata, pendenza

talude

helling

rottura del pendio,

franamento di pendio

rotura de talude

bezwijken van helling

protezione del pendio

proteco de talude

bescherming van helling

fessura apertura

ranhura

paneel

cedimento, scivolamento,
frana, abbassamento

assentamento

slump

fango, miscela

lama, pasta, calda (de

perfurao)

slurry, betonietspoeling

slurry trench wall

muro de lamas (bentoniticas) diepwand

muro bentonitico

parede moldada de lamas

bentonticas

slurrywand

terreno molle, terreno

tenero

solo brando

slappe grond

cemento del terreno

solo-cimento

grond-cement

caratteristiche del terreno

caracteristicas do solo

grondeigenschappen

esplorazione del terreno

prospeco

grondonderzoek

meccanica del terreno

mecanica dos solos

grondmechanica

umidit del terreno

humidade do solo

grondvochtigheid

grani del terreno, particele

particula de solo

gronddeeltje

profilo stratigrafico

perfil do solo

bodemprofiel

stabilizzazione del terreno

estabilizaao de um solo

grondstabilisatie

trave d'armatura

escoras verticais

stalen balk, stalen profiel

berlinaise

elementos verticais de
escoramento

Berliner wand

carotaggio sonico

inspeco snica

ultrasonore controle op
paalschacht

prova sonica

ensaio snico

scandaglio

sondagem

(ultra-)sonore,
akoestische test
sondering

distanziatore

espaador

afstandhouder

interasse, distanza
portata, arco
peso specifico

espaamento
vo
peso especifico

afstand
overspanning
specifiek gewicht

specifica

especificao

specificatie

provino, campione

provete, amostra

proefmonster

divisore di campioni (per

quartatura), fustella

limpadeira de fenda

pulsmonster-lepel

campione (ottenuto per

quartatura)

amostra colhida com

limpadeira

Lepelsonde

fondazioni estese,
fondazione superficiale

ensoleiramento

fundering-op-staal

molla, sorgente

ressurgencia, nascente

bron

stabilit

estabilidade

stabiliteit

sospensione stabile

suspenso estvel

stabiele suspensie

costruzione a fasi

construo por estgios

(etapas)

gefaseerde bouw

norme

normas

normen, richtlijnen

collo d'oca, piezometro,

pozzo di misura

tubo vertical

standpijp

prova di carico statico

ensaio esttico de carga

statische proefbelasting

prova di carico statico

ensaio de carga esttico

statische proefbelasting

prova di carico statico

ensaio de carga esttico

prova statica sul palo

ensaio esttico duma estaca statische proefbelasting

battipalo, maglio a vapore

martelo a vapor

stoomblok, stoomheiblok

acciaio

ao

staal

palo in acciaio

estaca de ao

stalen paal

argilla rigida fessurata

argila rija fissurada

stijve klei

rigidezza

rigidez

stijfheid

staffe
pietra, sasso

estribos, cintas
pedra

beugel
steen

deformazione

deformao

rek

indicatore di deformazione

extensometro

rekmeter

strato
forza, resistenza

estrato, camada
resistencia

laag
sterkte

sforzo, sollecitazione

tenso, esforo

spanning

concentrazione dello sforzo concentrao de tensoes

spanningsconcentratie

distribuzione degli sforzi

spanningsverdeling

distribuio de tensoes

curva sforzo-deformazione curva tenso-deformao

spannings-rek-curve

fondazione a strisce
(nastriforme)

fundao contnua

strookfundering

danno strutturale

dano estrutural

struttura

estrutura

constructieve
(bouw-)schade
constructie, bouwwerk

diagonale, puntello,
contrasto rigido

escora

diagonale, puntello,
contrasto rigido
sottosuolo, sottofondo

escora

stempel

subleito

ondergrond

peso di volume sommerso

peso especifico imerso

soortelijk gewicht onder

water

subsidenza

subsidencia

bodemzakking, zetting

sottosuolo
subsolo
esplorazione del sottosuolo prospeco do subsolo

ondergrond
grondonderzoek

sotterraneo, sotto la
superficie

subsolo

onder het
bodemoppervlak

aspirazione
test d'idoneit
pozzo collettore

suco
ensaio de controlo
fossa

aanzuigen
geschiktheidstest
pompput

supporto

apoio

support, ondersteuning

fluido di supporto

fluido de escavao

steunvloeistof

sovraccarico

sobrecarga

voorbelasting

forza superficiale

fora de superficie

oppervlaktekracht

onda superficiale
perizia

onda superficial
levantamentos

oppervlaktegolf
uitzetten, landmeten

sospensione

suspenso

suspensie

test di sistema

sistema de ensaio

systeemtest

cisterna

tanque

tank, container

temperatura
ancoraggio temporaneo

temperatura
ancoragem provisria

temperatuur
tijdelijk anker

trefolo

armadura

verankering

lunghezza di fondazione del comprimento de selagem

trefolo
duma armadura

verankeringslengte

lunghezza libera del trefolo comprimento livre duma

armadura

vrije ankerlengte

forza di trazione
resistenza a trazione

fora de traco
resistencia traco

trekkracht
treksterkte

sforzo di trazione

tensao de traco

trekspanning

tensione

tenso

trek

tensione di spaccatura,
zona di frattura

fenda de traco

trekscheur

palo a trazione
accino in tensione

estaca traco
ao traccionado

trekpaal
trekstaal

depositi terrazzati

depositos em terracos

terrasafzetting

prova

ensaiar

test, proef

carico di prova
carico di prova
test sul micropalo

carga de ensaio
carga de ensaio
microestaca de ensaio

proefbelasting

test sul palo

estaca de ensaio

testpaal

procedura della prova

procedimento de ensaio

testprocedure

macchina di prova

maquina de ensaio

testapparaat

tessitura

textura

bodemstructuur, textuur

teoria
propriet termali

teoria
propriedades termicas

theorie
thermische
eigenschappen

proefmicropaal

campionatore a pareti sottili amostrador de parede fina

dunwandig
monsternameapparaat

tissotropia

tioxtropia

thixotropie

marea
tiranti

mars
tirante ancorado

getijden
verankering

tirante (di collegamento)

tirante

trekstang

chiuso, a tenuta

rocha saliente sobre o perfil dicht

de exploso
till, detrito glaciale, morena moreia, conglomerado
glaciale afzetting,
glaciale
argilo-arenoso
keileem

inclinometro
palo in legno

inclinometro
estaca de madeira

hellingsmeter
houten paal

curva tempo-assestamento curva dos assentamentos

em funo do tempo

tijd-zakkings-curve

punta del palo

ponta de estaca

paalpunt

rottura al piede

rotura pelo p do talude

paalpuntbezwijken

terreno superficiale

terra vegetal

toplaag

torsione

torso

torsie, wringing

trasduttore

transductor, manmetro

transducer

zona di transizione

zona de transio

overgangszone

calcestruzzo gettato
contubo getto

betonagem submersa

onderwaterbeton

trincea

trincheira, vala

paneel

microplai prova

microestaca de ensaio

proefmicropaal

pali prova

estaca de ensaio

proefpaal

distribuzione triangolare dei distribuio triangular de

carichi
carga

driehoekige
belastingsverdeling

apparecchiatura triassiale

aparelho triaxial

triaxiaalapparaat

cella triassiale

camara triaxial

proef voor driehoekige

belastingsverdeling

prova di compressione
triassiale

ensaio de compressao
triaxial

triaxiaalproef

tubo valvolato

tubo de manchettes

manchetbuis

soletta armata in due

direzione

laje armada segundo duas

direces

tweedimensionaal
belaste plaat

resistenza al carico di
rottura, capacita portante
limite

carga de rotura

grensspanningsbelasting

carico di rottura, carico

limite

carga de rotura

grenslast (flemish:
breuklast)

resistenza alla
compressione semplice

resistencia compresso
simples

prova non consolidata - non ensaio de compresso naodrenata

adensado e nao-drenado

dreno, sottofondo drenante dreno subterraneo, inferior

sottosuolo

subterraneo

ondergrond

sottomurazione

reforo de fundao

funderingsherstel

palo alesato

estaca de base alargada

sottofiltrazione, filtrazione
dal fondo
subacqueo

infiltrao

infiltratie

subaquatico

onderwater

campione indisturbato

amostra intacta

ongeroerd monster

resistenza al taglio non

drenata

resistencia ao corte com teor ongedrianerde

de humidade constante
schuifsterkte

compressione monoassiale compresso uniaxial

(uniassiale)
classificazione dei terreni
unificata

classificao unificada de
solos

uniforme
bodemklassering

coefficiente di uniformit

coeficiente de uniformidade ongelijkvormigheidscoeffi

cient

terreno uniformemente
gradato

solo uniformemente
graduado

peso unitario

baridade

sollevamento

subpresso

opdrijvingsdruk

pali a trazione
pressione di sollevamento

estacas de traco
subpresses

trekpaal
opdrijvingsdruk

vuoto

vacuo

onderdruk, vacum

bodem met gelijkmatige

korrelverdeling

apparecchiatura vane,
scissometro

trado-molinete

vanetest-apparaat

agille a varve

argila estratificada

estensimetro a corda
vibrante

extensometro de corda
vibrante

trillingsmeter

vibrazione

vibrao

trillingen

infissione a vibrazione

cravao vibratoria de
estaca

palen intrillen

vibroflottazione

vibroflutuao

vibroflotation

curva di compressione
vergine

curva virgem de compresso initiele drukcurve

viscosit
ispezione visiva

viscosidade
exame visual

vuoto, poro

vazio

viscociteit
visuele inspectie, visueel
onderzoek
holle ruimte, porin

rapporto (indici) dei vuoti

indice de vazios

poringetal

vulcano
volume

vulco
volume

vulkaan
volume, inhoud

cambiamento (variazione) di variao de volume

volume

volumeverandering

trave orizzontale

cinta, longarina

gording

attrito terra-muro

atrito lateral contra um muro wandwrijving

foro di lavaggio , sondaggio sondagem por injecao

a circolazione d'acqua

acqua di lavaggio
gua de injeco
foro di lavaggio , sondaggio sondagem por injeco
a circolazione d'acqua

spoelwater
spoelboring

contenuto d'acqua

teor de humidade

watergehalte

fluttuazioni della superficie

di falda

oscilao do nivel fretico

grondwaterfluctuatie

rapporto acqua-cemento

relaao agua-cimento

water-cement-factor

acquifero
rapporto acqua-cemento

aquifero
relaao gua-cimento

watervoerend

livello dell'acqua

nivel de gua

waterstand

a tenuta d'acqua,
impermeabile

impermevel

waterdicht

onda

onda, vaga

golf

lunghezza d'onda

comprimento de onda

golglengte

velocit d'onda

velocidade de onda

golfsnelheid

terreno poco resistente

solo brando

grond met geringe

draagkracht

alterazione (alle intemperie) meteorizao, eroso por

agente metereolgico

verwering

cuneo
incuneamento

cunha
travamento

wig
wiggen

foro di sfogo

furo drenante, barbac

ontwateringsgat

perdita di peso
pozzo
pozzo rivestito

perda de peso
poo
revestimento (de um poo)

gewichtsverlies
bronnen
bronbuis

well point

furo de drenagem

bronnering

porzione finestrata del

pozzo

tela filtrante para poo

bronfilter

banchina, pontile

estruturas porturias, de cais kadeconstructie

legno
palo in legno
conservanti per legno

madeira
estaca de madeira
preservativos para madeira

hout
houten paal
houtconservering

lavorabilit

praticabilidade,
trabalhabilidade

verwerkbaarheid

piano di lavoro

nivel de trabalho

werkniveau

micropalo di lavoro

microestaca de fundao

micropaal

palo di lavoro

microestaca de fundao

funderingspaal

raggi-x
resa, rendimento,
snervamento

raios-x
fluencia, escoamento,
cedencia

rntgenstralen
elasticiteitsgrens

limite di snervamento

Strekgrens

tensione snervamento

limite aparente de
elasticidade
tenso de cedncia

modulo di Young

mdulo de Young

elasticiteitsmodulus

punto zero
zinco
zona di saturazione
capillare
zona di saturazione
capillare

ponto zero
zinco
zona de saturao capilar

nulpunt
zink

zona de escoamento plstico

do solo

elasticiteitsgrens

zona di filtrazione

zona de escoamento

doorstromingszone

zona di rigonfiamento

zona de empolamento

zwelbereik, zwelzone
mof

RUSSIAN