Pollination in agriculture

What is Pollination?
The crop yield is limited by several factors
such as lack of water,
nutrients, incidence of pests and weeds,
among others. An important factor is pollination; in this
process pollen from the male organs of the
female flower is transferred.
With this
process the fruits and seeds are formed.
In many cases this process is the result of
the activity of pollinators (honeybees,
bumblebees, hummingbirds, butterflies).
Pollinators visit flowers of plants for food;
the nectar is a sugary liquid whose function
is not known for sure rather than serving food to these and pollen
containing male gametes involved in sexual reproduction of the plant and is the
main food of the larval stages of several species of bees .
At the time pollinators visit flowers, pollen sticks to their bodies and passes anther
stigma of the same flower or another. Pollination occurs when pollen falls well
stigma germinates and forms tubes that carry the male gametes through the style
to reach the eggs in the ovary. Then the fertilized eggs into seeds and the ovary
becomes
the
fruit.
70% of crop production increases when the flowers are visited by pollinators.
Consumer crops not depend on them, they are anemophile.

The importance of pollination in agricultura

In agriculture the role of pollinators is very important as many of these crops

depend on pollination for their performance. Natural pollination is decreasing a little
abundance of pollinators, loss of natural habitat from deforestation and
homogenization of the agricultural landscape.
Pollinators ensure reproduction, fruit set development and dispersal in the vast
majority plants, both in agro-ecosystems and natural ecosystems. Growing
evidences suggests that healthy pollination services are threatened in many parts
of the world.1
Some pollinators such as bees also supply food and extra income for rural families,
in the form of honey and other products, So, declining pollinator populations impact
on the sustainable livelihoods of rural families. However one-third of agriculture
crops depend of pollination provided by insects and other animals.
Example of pollination in agriculture:

Bee
Pollination

1 Pollination in agriculture file:///F:/WebQ/ai759e02.pdf

Role of Pollinators in Agriculture

The pollinators are importants in the agriculture according to Crop Life
International, the pollinators complete a role such a:

35% of food crop production worldwide depends on animal pollinators,

including honey bees.
Of the 115 crop species that provide 90 percent of food supplies for 146
countries, 71 are bee-pollinated.
The total economic value of insect pollination worldwide amounted to $210
billion in 2005, which represented 9.5% of the total value of agricultural
production used for human consumption.
Insect pollination is thought to be the main reproductive mechanism in 78%
of temperate flowering plants, and is essential to maintaining plant genetic
diversity.
Some crops, including blueberries and cherries, are 90-percent9 dependent
on honey bee pollination; one crop, almonds, depends entirely on insect
pollination at bloom time.
There are over 25,000 species of different bees in the world. 2

2 Role of Pollinators in Agriculture file:///F:/WebQ/Role-of-Pollinators-in-Agriculture.pdf

Explor
e

Pollination AGP
http://www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/thematicsitemap/theme/biodiversity/polli
nation/en/

Pollination in agriculture advantages

http://www.pollination-station.eu/getting-to-know-the-basics/the-benefits-ofpollination-for-agriculture/

Pollination in plants: types

file:///F:/WebQ/Pollination%20in%20Plants_%20Types,%20Advantages
%20and%20Disadvantages.html

Interactive Page: Pollination

http://www.neok12.com/Pollination.htm
https://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/pollination/