Synergy CSM 2016 Solution Test 1

Raz Kr @razkrlive
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MODEL ANSWER TEST - 1

Ans. 1
Question Break Up: - There are two part in the Question:
1st Part Social Reform Movement in India

2nd Part Role of Women
Approach :
First Deal in your Answer about social reformers aimed at emancipation of Indian women
Then Role of Women
Answer:
There are two distinct groups of progressive movements aimed at emancipation of Indian women. Both
groups recognized the restrictive and coercive nature of the social customs and institutions. One group
opposed these customs and institutions as they contradicted the democratic principles of liberty and
freedom. This group was called the Reformers. The other group demanded the democratization of social
relations and removal of harmful practices on the basis of revival of the Vedic society in modern India,
which according to them, was democratic. This group came to be known as the Revivalists.
The social reformers believed in the principle of individual liberty, freedom, and equality of all human
beings irrespective of sex, color, race, caste, or religion. They attacked a number of traditional,
authoritarian, and hierarchical social institutions and launched social reform movements to liberate the
Indian women from their shackles. Though many of the reformers were mainly men, the reform movement
aimed at improving the status of Indian women.
Raja Ram Mohan Roy was one of the greatest social reformers of India. He was concerned about a number
of evil customs planning the Indian society. These included sahamarana or Sati, female infanticide,
polygamy, infant marriages, purdah, absence of education among women, and the Devadasi system. Raja
Ram Mohan Roy led a crusade against the evil and inhuman practice of Sati, in which a widow was forced
to immolate herself on the funeral pyre of her deceased husband. Sati was in practice in many parts of
India.
It was accepted and condoned on the grounds that it would secure Moksha for widows. It was also felt
that a woman could be led astray if she continued to live after the death of her husband. This feeling was
MUKHERJEE NAGAR: 102, Ist Floor, Manushree Building, Comm. Comp., Delhi-09
KAROL BAGH: 16-A/2, First Floor, Ajmal Khan Road, W.E.A., New Delhi-05,
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disproved by Raja, who felt that a woman could be led astray even during her husbands lifetime.
In fact, after the death of her husband, a woman is under the protection of her family, so she can be
watched over with greater vigilance. Raja strongly refuted the contention that Sati was a free, voluntary act
of the widow, and called it a monstrous lie. Rajas arguments and antiSati activities led Lord William
Bentinck to legislate for the prohibition of Sati, which resulted in the passing of the Prohibition of Sati Act
in 1829.
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was another great social reformer who sought to improve the condition of
widows by legalizing widow remarriages. Since he felt that his own life should set an example for others to
follow, he took a pledge that he would allow his daughters to study, and married all his daughters after they
were 16 years of age. He also pledged that if any of his daughters were widowed and they wanted to get
remarried, he would allow them to do so. He was also against the prevalent custom of polygamy.
Justice MahadevGovindRanade was instrumental in laying down the foundation of an all Indian
organization to carry on the struggle for social reformthe Indian National Social Conference. This
organization was the first national institution to carry on collectively, in an organized way, and on a
national scale the social reform movement.He took up the problems of widow remarriages and was an
active member of a society, which worked for widow remarriages. In fact, the Shankaracharya had
excommunicated him for attending the first widow remarriage in 1869. Ranade worked toward educating
women. He and his wife started a school for girls in 1884.Maharishi Karve showed great concern for the
plight of widows and the problem of widow remarriages. He revived the Widow Remarriage Association
and started the Hindu Widows Home Karve also made efforts to improve the education levels of girls as
well as widows.He created the Kane Womens University. His efforts in the movement to liberate the
Indian women are of great significance, and the extensive and successful work brought about a change in
the attitudes of people towards widows.In order to set an example for others, he married a widow after the
death of his first wife.
As a result of the social reform movement, a number of institutions and organizations were established. The
institutions started by the reformers covered the whole country with their activities.
Related Topic:
The Ramakrishna Mission: The Ramakrishna Mission was established in 1897. It set up homes for
widows and schools for girls. It also gave refuge to invalid and destitute women, ante and postnatal
care for women, and provided training for women to become midwives.
The Arya Samaj: Though started as a revivalist organization, the Arya Samaj emphasized womens
education. Girls received instructions in home science and domestic affairs. Fine arts were also
included in the curriculum for girls. It also included instructions in religion and religious ceremonies
for women. It provided shelter to distressed women in times of difficulty.
Reference Sources:
History NCERT 11th& 12th

Reference Topic:-http://www.culturalindia.net/reformers/
Ans. 2
Question Break Up: - There are one part in the Question:
1st Part Nationalism
Approach :MUKHERJEE NAGAR: 102, Ist Floor, Manushree Building, Comm. Comp., Delhi-09
Phone No. : 011-27654518, 011-27653494
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First Deal in your Answer about factors helped in the growth of national consciousness amongst Indian
people
Answer:
The conditions created by the British rule and many other factors helped in the growth of national
consciousness amongst Indian people. We know that Indian society was suffering from various social and
religious ills like, blind faith, caste division, child marriage, sati system, purdah system etc. Many
reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Rai, Swami DayanandaSaraswati, Swami Vivekananda, Sir Syed Ahmed
Khan, Mrs. Annie Besant etc. deserve a special mention who tried to reform the Indian society. They
inspired the people with ideas of self respect and self confidence.These noted organizations played a vital
role to reform the Indian society by removing various religious and social evils. These organizations made
great contributions towards Indian nationalism. The spread of western education, role of the press,
economic exploitation, racial discrimination against Indians, etc. also made the people politically
conscious.
The Indian leaders felt a need for an All India organization. Accordingly, in 1885, the first Indian national
organization called the Indian National Congress was established. The main role in establishing this
organization was played by a British officer named A.O. Hume. In 1905, S.N. Benerjee, Dada Bhai Naoroji
and Gopal Krishna Gokhle guided the Congress who all believed in the moderate policy. Moderate policy
meant the policy of resolutions and reforms. The Moderate policy was not accepted by some revolutionary
leaders like, Bal GangadharTilak, LalaLajpatRai, Bipin Chandra Pal etc. They were known as Extremists or
militant nationalists. In the Congress session held in Benaras in 1905, the Extremists rejected the policy of
the Moderates. The split between them occurred at Surat in 1907. The British Government adopted a stern
policy to suppress the Extremists and most of them were sent to jail. But both the Moderates and Extremists
were united at the Lucknow Session in 1916 to strengthen the Congress.
Related Topic:
Consequent to the failure of the Revolt of 1857 rebellion, one also saw the end of the East India
Company's rule in India and many important changes took place in the British Government's policy
towards India which sought to strengthen the British rule through winning over the Indian princes, the
chiefs and the landlords. Queen Victoria's Proclamation of November 1, 1858 declared that thereafter
India would be governed by and in the name of the British Monarch through a Secretary of State.
The Governor General was given title of Viceroy, which meant the representative of the Monarch.
Queen Victoria assumed the title of the Empress of India and thus gave the British Government
unlimited powers to intervene in the internal affair of the Indian states. In brief, the British
paramountcy over India, including the Indian States, was firmly established. The British gave their
support to the loyal princes, zamindar and local chiefs but neglected the educated people and the
common masses. They also promoted the other interests like those of the British merchants,
industrialists, planters and civil servants. The people of India, as such, did not have any say in running
the government or formulation of its policies. Consequently, people's disgust with the British rule
kept mounting, which gave rise to the birth of Indian National Movement.The leadership of the
freedom movement passed into the hands of reformists like Raja Rammohan Roy, Bankim Chandra
and Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar. During this time, the binding psychological concept of National
Unity was also forged in the fire of the struggle against a common foreign oppressor.
Raja Rammohan Roy (17721833) founded the BrahmoSamaj in 1828 which aimed at purging the
society of all its evil practices. He worked for eradicating evils like sati, child marriage and purdah
system, championed widow marriage and women's education and favoured English system of
education in India. It was through his effort that sati was declared a legal offence by the
British.Swami Vivekananda (18631902) the disciple of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa, established the
Ramkrishna Mission at Belur in 1897. He championed the supremacy of Vedanticphilosophy. His talk
at the Chicago (USA) Conference of World Religions in 1893 made the westerners realize the
greatness of Hinduism for the first time.
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5
Reference Sources:
Reference Topic:http://www.learnnext.com/nextgurukul/wiki/concept/CBSE/X/History/The-Nationalist-Movementof-India-An-Introduction.htm
Ans. 3
1st Part Battle of Plassey
Approach :
Deal in your Answer abouthow Plassey was one of the major steps that brought England to dominate and
conquer India.
Answer:
The victory of British East India company in the Battle of Plassey is one of the important landmark in India
History. The Battle of Plassey revealed the utterly corrupt political situation in Bengal.Mir Jafar became a
mere puppet ruler and the power rested with the British. On every matter he depended on the English. The
Battle of Plassey paved the way for beginning of their empire.The British enjoyed the tax benefits, had to
compete with no rival foreign merchants and began to use the revenue of Bengal for protecting their
military and trade interest.MirJafar gave 24 Parganas and one crore of rupees to the Company and valuable
Siraj presents to the English officers including Clive.It depleted the state exchequer. So much wealth was
drained from Bengal that the economy was completely shattered. This is known as the Plassey Plunder.
With the wealth of Bengal the British secured their business and political supremacy.
The Battle of Plassey was one of the major steps that brought England to dominate and conquer India. It
was not only a battle with local authorities but part of the rivalry with France over available markets.
However, European colonial expansion was a part of an even bigger phenomenon that would bind the
peoples and cultures of the world together through dissemination of technology and sharing among
cultures. In years to come it would bring the Western colonialists to some awareness of their spiritual
responsibility for other nations for example, no matter how wide was the gap between the rich and poor in
the West, in the East it was even wider. In this respect, the Battle of Plassey can be seen as one step in a sad
but necessary process. However, the method of colonial conquest cannot be accepted in this age, when the
peoples of the world recognize their interdependence and the need to establish a world of mutual prosperity
and shared values, by peaceful means.
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6
Related Topic:The Battle of Plassey was fought between the British East India Company and SirajudDaulah
(Nawab of Bengal). SirajudDaulah was supported by the French. The battle took place on June 23,
1757. The victory of British East India company in the battle is one of the most important event in
Indian History.Clive did not delay once the conspiracy matured. He brought a few charges against
the Nawab and advanced with his forces. The Nawab, too, proceeded to oppose his advance. On the
bank of the river Bhagirathi, in the mango groves of a place named Plassey, the opposite forces met
each other. The date was the 23rd of June in the year 1757. On that day was fought the Battle of
Plassey between the armies of Sirajuddaulah and Clive. There could be no comparison between the
respective forces of the enemies. Because, the Nawabs army contained 50,000 infantry and 28,000
cavalry. Clives army consisted of only 3,000 men, including English soldiers and Indian sepoys.
Reference Sources:
Reference Topic:http://www.factsaboutindia.com/battleofplassey.php
Ans. 4
1st Part Revolt of 1857
Approach :
Deal in your Answer about The Great Revolt of 1857 and causes behind it.
Answer:
The Great Revolt of 1857 was the most remarkable single event in the history of India after the
establishment of British rule. It was the result of the centuryold British rule in India. In comparison to the
previous uprisings of the Indians, the Great Revolt of 1857 was of a greater dimension and it assumed
almost an allIndia character with participation of people from different sections of the society. This Revolt
was initiated by the sepoys of the company. So it has been commonly termed as `Sepoy Mutiny. But it was
not simply a revolt of the sepoys.
Causes:
The causes of the Great Revolt of 1857 and Sepoy Mutiny may be studied in the following heads:
Political cause: Major political cause for the outbreak of the Revolt was the policy of annexation followed
by Dalhousie. On application of the Doctrine of Lapse or on the ground of misgovernance he annexed
states after states deploring their rulers. Satara, Jhansi, Sambalpur, Nagpur, etc. fill victim in his aggressive
policy. All these states came under British rule. In 1856, he captured Oudh on the plea of misrule. He
looked the palaces of Nagpur and Oudh. Not only the ruling house, but also the employees and other
dependent families were deprived of their livings for the policy of Dalhousie. His maltreatment towards the
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Mughal emperor Bahadur ShahII hurt the sentiment of the Muslim community. Discontinuation of the
pension of the Peshwa Nana Sahib shocked the Marathas. This discontent of royal families, army men and
common people jointly exposed in the Great Revolt of 1857.
Economic cause: The Great Revolt of 1857 was also an outburst of grievances due to the economic
exploitation of the company. Indias traditional economy collapsed as a result of the British investment
policies and revenue administration. The companys trade policy destroyed Indian handicrafts. Huge
numbers of Indians were thrown out of employment. The British, opened a new avenue of exploitation on
the peasants By introducing permanent settlement. Exploitation of the Zamindars gave rise 10 landless
laborers who became restless by and by. Thus out of discontent the artisans and peasantry joined hands
with the sepoys in the mutiny.
Military cause: The sepoys of the company regiment had been feeling dissatisfied with the English for various
reasons.
Thus was a great disparity in salaries between the Indian and European soldiers.
The Indian sepoys were treated with contempt by their European officers.
The sepoys were sent to distant parts of the empire, but were not paid any extra allowance.
Indian sepoys were refused promotion in service as like their European counterparts. Out of such
discontent the Indian sepoys led to a mutiny.
Social cause: The English could not establish any social relationship with the Indians. The racial arrogance
of the British created a difference between the rulers and the ruled.Enactment of some Acts greatly
offended the sentiment of the people. Some of these acts were taken as deliberate blow at the Hindu
religion, custom and right of inheritance.
Direct cause: At that time, Enfield rifles were introduced in the army. The bullets of these rifles were
covered by paper with grease like thing. The Sepoys were to cut the cover by teeth before using it. The
Hindu and Muslim soldiers refused to cut the covers. They protested against this and were arrested. That
ignited the fire.
Related Topic: As the Indian rebellion of 1857 spread most rebelling Indian kings and the Indian regiments accepted
Bahadur Shah Zafar as the Emperor of India under whom the smaller Indian kingdoms would unite
until the British were defeated. Zafar was the least threatening and least ambitious of monarchs, and
the legacy of the Mughal Empire was more acceptable a uniting force to most allied kings than the
domination of any other Indian kingdom. When the victory of the British became certain, Zafar took
refuge at Humayuns Tomb and hid there. British forces surrounded the tomb and compelled his
surrender. The next day British shot his sons and grandson at the KhooniDarwaza (the bloody gate)
near Delhi Gate. After a show trial, Zafar himself was exiled to Rangoon, Burma in 1858 along with
his wife ZeenatMahal and some of the remaining members of the family. His departure as Emperor
marked the end of more than three centuries of Mughal rule in India.
Reference Sources:
Reference Topic: http://www.historydiscussion.net/historyofindia/therevoltof1857thefirstwarofindependence/1581
Phone No. : 011-27654518, 011-27653494
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Ans. 5
1st Part Santhal Insurrection
Approach :
Deal in your Answer aboutpeasant insurrection took place in 18551856, which arose due to the
establishment of the Permanent Land Settlement of 1793.
Answer:
The Santhals are an agricultural tribal group who are mainly concentrated in Bihar. The first peasant
insurrection took place in 18551856, which arose due to the establishment of the Permanent Land
Settlement of 1793. Following this settlement the Britishers took away all the lands from the Santhals. The
zamindars took these lands on auction from the Britishers and gave them to the peasants for
cultivation.Thezamindars, the moneylenders, and the government officers hiked the land tax and also
oppressed and exploited the common peasants. Though the Santhals tolerated the injustices to some extent,
later on they decided to raise in revolt against the zamindars, moneylenders, and traders.
The following were some of the main causes of the revolt:

There was a combined action of extortions by the zamindars, the police, the revenue, and the court.
The Santhals had no option but to pay all the taxes and levies. They were abused and dispossessed of
their own property.
The Karendias who were the representatives of the Zamindars made several violent attacks on the
Santhals.
The rich peasants confiscated all the property, lands, and cattle of the Santhals.
The moneylenders charged exorbitant rates of interest. The Santhals called the moneylenders
exploiters and were known as dikus.
For the railroad construction, the Europeans employed the Santhals for which they paid nothing to
them. The Europeans often abducted the Santhal women and even murdered them. There were also
certain other unjust acts of oppression.
The oppression by the moneylender, zamindars, and Europeans became unbearable by the Santhals. In such
a situation, they did not have any other alternative indeed and they rose in rebellion. The leading Santhals
began to rob the wealth of the moneylenders and the zamindars, which was illearned by exploiting the
Santhals. Initially, the officials ignored the rebellion. Later on in early 1855, the Santhals started to build
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their own armies who were trained in guerilla fighting. This was totally a novel experience to the people of
Bihar.
The Santhals can be praised with great honor for building such an organized and disciplined army without
any previous military training. The large army, which exceeded about 10,000 assembled and disassembled
at a short notice. The postal and railway communications were completely broken down by the
Santhalarmy.The government then realized that the activities of the Santhal army are defying the
government. Though the Santhal insurrection was quite strong it couldnt succeed against the power of the
government. Thus, the revolt was suppressed. Despite the suppression, the rebelhon was a great success.
This was because the Santhals gave a message to the whole country to resist the oppressive activities of the
moneylenders and zamindars. Not only the Santhals but the other agricultural tribal groups also got united.
It brought a realization among the diku population that the Santhals were an organized group of people and
possessed much enthusiasm.
The Britishers took appropriate measures after the Santhal insurrection. Earlier to the insurrection, the
settlement areas of the Santhals were divided into several parts for administrative convenience. Due to the
Santhal rebellion, the Santhal areas are considered as SanthalParagana. Due to the insurrection, the
Britishers recognized the tribal status of the Santhals and now they came under the uniform administration.
Related Topic:
Santhals had immigrated from the regions now forming the Chotanagpur Plateau region, Bankur,
Purulia and Midnapore districts of West Bengal and settled in what came to be known a DaminI
Kohfrom 183233. The Santhals are very industrious people and they made the area very fertile and
inhabitable with their expertise. But slowly and silently their exploiters also came to settle among
them. They were the people from neighboring states and upcountry merchants and moneylenders
who had amassed large fortune at the cost of the simple Santhals denizens.
Reference Sources:
Reference Topic:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santhal_rebellion
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Raz Kr @razkrlive

MODEL ANSWER TEST - 1

1st Part Social Reform Movement in India

History NCERT 11th& 12th

1st Part Nationalism

History NCERT 11th& 12th

1st Part Battle of Plassey

History NCERT 11th& 12th

1st Part Revolt of 1857

History NCERT 11th& 12th

Reference Topic: http://www.historydiscussion.net/historyofindia/therevoltof1857thefirstwarofindependence/1581

1st Part Santhal Insurrection

The following were some of the main causes of the revolt:

History NCERT 11th& 12th

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