COURSE OUTLINE

MATH 10E
2013-2014
I.

GEOMETRY
Circles

Definitions: radius, congruent circles, chord, diameter, central angle, major and minor
arc, semicircle, secant, tangent, concentric, internally and externally tangent circles,
common internal and external tangents
Proofs and applications of the following theorems:
If a tangent intersects a line through the center of a circle at the point of tangency,
then they are perpendicular.
If a line is perpendicular to a line through the center of a circle at a point on the
circle, then it is a tangent.
Tangent segments that share an endpoint in the exterior of a circle are congruent.
In the same or congruent circles, congruent chords have congruent major and minor
arcs.
In the same or congruent circles, congruent arcs have congruent chords.
If a line through the center of a circle is perpendicular to a chord, then it bisects the
chord and its arcs.
In the same or congruent circles, congruent chords are equidistant from the center.
In the same or congruent circles, chords that are equidistant from the center are
congruent.
Definitions:
The (degree) measure of a minor arc is the measure of its central angle.
The (degree) measure of a major arc is 360 the measure of its minor arc.
The (degree) measure of a semicircle is 180.
Intercepted arc.
Proofs and applications of the following theorems:
The measure of an inscribed angle is one-half the measure of its intercepted arc.
Inscribed angles that intercept the same or congruent arcs are congruent.
A quadrilateral is cyclic if and only if its opposite angles are supplementary.
An angle inscribed in a semicircle is a right angle.
The measure of a tangent-chord angle is half the measure of its intercepted arc.
The measure of a chord-chord angle is half the sum of the measures of its
intercepted arc and the intercepted arc of its vertical angle.
The measure of a secant-secant angle is half the difference of the measures of its
intercepted arcs.
The measure of a secant-tangent angle is half the difference of the measures of its
intercepted arcs.
The measure of a tangent-tangent angle is half the difference of the measures of its
intercepted arcs.

 If two chords intersect inside a circle, then the products of the lengths of their
segments are equal.
If two secant segments share an endpoint in the exterior of a circle, then the
products of the lengths of the secant segments and their exterior segments are equal.
If a tangent segment and a secant segment share an endpoint in the exterior of a
circle, then the products of the lengths of the secant segment and its exterior
segments equals the square of the length of the tangent segment.

Area related to circles

Review:
The ratio of the areas of two circles is the square of the ratio of their radii.
Area of sectors and segments of a circle.

Constructions
Prove informally how to construct:
A segment congruent to a given segment.
An angle congruent to a given angle.
The bisector of an angle.
The perpendicular bisector of a segment.
A line perpendicular to a given line through a given point on the given line.
A line perpendicular to a given line through a given point not on the given line.
A line parallel to a given line through a given point not on the given line.
The incircle of a given triangle.
The circumcircle of a given triangle.
Points that divide a given segment into three or more congruent segments.
A tangent to a given circle through a given point on the circle.
A tangent to a given circle through a given point not on the circle.
Definitions: concurrent, centroid, orthocenter
Prove and apply the following theorems:
The medians of a triangle trisect each other.
The medians of a triangle are concurrent.
The altitudes of a triangle are concurrent.
Prove informally how to construct:
The centroid of a given triangle.
The orthocenter of a given triangle.

Coordinate Geometry
Using coordinate geometry to prove statements and solve problems that are not
initially in a coordinate geometry setting
Find the area of a polygon whose vertices coordinates are given.

II. TRANSFORMATIONS
Review Functions

Definition of function and relation.

Examples of functions including linear, quadratic.
Domain and range; interval notation.
Inverse functions.
Function composition.
Absolute value functions

Cubic functions, y = x3

Piecewise functions, including floor x , ceiling x

Line reflections and line symmetry; line reflections in the coordinate plane. Graphs of

inverse functions are reflections in the line with equation y x .

Rotations, including point reflections; rotations on the coordinate plane; rotational and

point symmetry.
Translations, including on the coordinate plane. Can a non-linear shape be its own image

under a translation?
Composition of transformations.

Even and odd functions.

Dilations.

III. TRIGONOMETRY
Review of trigonometry of the right triangle.
Trigonometric functions as circular functions.
Radian measure.
Graphing trigonometric functions: periodic functions; continuous functions; amplitude;
frequency; period.
Transforming trigonometric functions; i.e., comparing the graph of y a b sin cx d

to the graph of y sin x . Include that the graph of y cos x 2 is identical to the
graph of y sin x .
Properties of trigonometric functions: comparing trigonometric functions of to
trigonometric functions of , 180 , 180 .
Inverse trigonometric functions.
Pythagorean, quotient, and reciprocal identities.
Co-function identities.

 Formulas for trigonometric functions of a sum and difference, double-angle, half-angle

(include tan 2 1sincos and tan 2 1sincos ).
Proving trigonometric identities.
Solving trigonometric equations: linear and quadratic, also equations using trig
identities.
Law of Cosines; Extended Law of Sines: sina A sinb B sinc C 2 R , where R is the
circumradius, abc 4 KR ; solving triangles.
Optional, Law of Tangents: a b tan 12 A B
a b
tan 12 A B )

Trigonometry applications to physics.

Solving triangles, including the ambiguous case.

Use of the graphing calculator

IV. EXPONENTS AND LOGARITHMS

Properties of exponents.
Review of exponential functions.
Logarithmic functions as inverses of exponential functions.
Properties of logarithms.
Applications:
Logarithms as a computational tool.
Exponential growth and decay.
Using logarithms in graphing.
The number e.
Solving logarithmic and exponential equations, including equations with extraneous
solutions.
V. PROBABILITY
Review of sample space, outcome set, events, counting principle, probability involving
and and or, Inclusion-Exclusion Principle, permutations, combinations, applications
involving permutations and combinations.
Bernoulli experiments.
Binomial Expansion Theorem combinatorial proof.
Conditional probability, including Bayes Theorem, and Law of Total Probability.
VI.

STATISTICS

Measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode)

Measures of spread: range, variance, and standard deviation
Quartiles and percentiles;
Distributions of data graphically (histograms:relative frequency; stem-leaf plots; box
plots)

Empirical normal distribution: 68-95-99.7 rule

Skewness of data; estimate mean and median an graphical data