Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1.
2.
3.
Planning
Organizing
Staffing
4.
Directing
5.
Controlling
CONTROLLING FUNCTION.
Definition:
Controlling can be defined as the process of measuring actual performance
against standards and taking any corrective action in case of deviations from
standards.
An organization involved in production of goods/services must measure the
level of actual performance of the employees and compare with the
standards laid down by the organization in order to ensure that employees
perform as per the standards.
Controlling process
As a management function controlling involves the following steps:
1. Setting standards/ objectives to be achieved.
2. Measuring the level of actual performance
3. Comparing actual performance against standards.
4. Taking corrective action in case of any deviation.
METHODS OF CONTROLLING AN ORGANIZATION
1. Steering/feed forward controls (before)
2. Screening/ yes or no controls (during)
3. Feedback/post action controls (after)
STEERING/FEEDFORWARD CONTROLS.
These are controls directed towards the future. They are designed to detect
deviations from some standards or goals to allow corrective action before
implementation of activity. Involves the following methods:
a) Setting standards and defining objectives clearly.
b) Feasibility studies on the proposed activities to be undertaken.
c) Establishment of steering committee to steer the activities to be
undertaken.
d) Budgeting: - to plan the resources required and control the future
expenditure on proposed activities.
e) Establishment of proper work procedures to direct the flow of work or
activity from the beginning to the end.
f) Establishment of appropriate organizational structures to ensure that
activities will be effectively coordinated.
g) Appropriate organizational policies to provide guidelines for the
implementation process.
Directing
DIRECTING is said to be a process in which the managers instruct, guide
and oversee the performance of the workers to achieve predetermined
goals. Directing is said to be the heart of management process. Planning,
organizing, staffing have got no importance if direction function does not
take place.
Directing initiates action and it is from here actual work starts. Direction is
said to be consisting of human factors. In simple words, it can be described
as providing guidance to workers is doing work. In field of management,
direction is said to be all those activities which are designed to encourage
the subordinates to work effectively and efficiently. According to Human,
Directing consists of process or technique by which instruction can be
issued and operations can be carried out as originally planned. Therefore,
Directing is the function of guiding, inspiring, overseeing and instructing
people towards accomplishment of organizational goals.
Direction has got following characteristics:
1. Pervasive Function - Directing is required at all levels of
organization. Every manager provides guidance and inspiration to his
subordinates.
2. Continuous Activity - Direction is a continuous activity as it
continuous throughout the life of organization.
3. Human Factor - Directing function is related to subordinates and
therefore it is related to human factor. Since human factor is complex
and behaviour is unpredictable, direction function becomes important.