F4

GLULAM FLOOR BEAM

DESIGN DATA

Subject

It is required to check the adequacy of a glulam beam 140 mm x 495 mm in Strength class GL28
having an effective span of 7.20 m. It supports floor joists on one side and a column at midspau. i
,
The beam is part of a domestic structure.

Service class
Service class 1
Propertiesfor GL28 glulam
Propertiesfor glulam strength classes are currently given in prEN 1194. They may be
obtained from Table 2 in the Introductionto the Design Ekamples, which also includes
valuesfor G_ and p_.

Shear strength
Bending strength
compression strength perpendicular to grain
Mean modulus of elasticity parallel to grain
Mean shear modulus
Average density

fv.k
fm,k
f&,,k
E&_
GPIwan

= 3.0
= 28.0
= 6.0
= 12 000
= 750
=440

N/IUl12
N/XltX12
N/IIlIX12
N/mm2
N/rMl2
kg/m3

Section dimeusions and properties

Standard glulam cross-sectionsare given in T&le 5 of the Introduction.

Breadth of beam section

Depth of beam section
Spanbetweenbearingcentres

b
h
L

=140
= 495
= 7200

mm
mm
mm

The ends of the beam are reduced in plan to form a tenon.

Bearing area ha&d

.

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TRADA, HughendenVaUey, High Wycanbe. Bucks. HP14 4ND. UK

O-Al*

F4

GLULAM FLOOR BEAM

Area of cross-section

140 x 495

693OOnud

Area of bearing

Am

(65 x 89) + (45 x 140)

12 085 mm*

Section modulus

140 x 4952
6

= *5717OOOmm3

140 x 4953
12

wY

Second moment of area

I,

Self-weight

1415000000mm4

9.81 p_A
lo9

=
Actions

9.81 x 440 x 69 300

109

Weight of floor construction + partition allowance

10.299 kN/m

0.70 kN/m*

Imposed floor load

1.50 kNim*

Column load from:

self weight of structure (permanent load)

6.57 kN

=
I

imposed ceiling load (variable long-term load)

1.80 kN

=
I

snow (variable short-term load)

4.32 kN

Permanent actions:
weight of floor + partitions

0.7 x 4.00
2

self weight of beam

G,., (u.d.1.)
G,

(point load) =

1.400 + 0.299
permanent load from columu

1.400 kN/m

0.299 kN/m

I.699 kN/m

6.570 kN

1.800kN

3.000 kN/m

4.320 kN

Variable actions:

Qkl

= long-term from column

a,

medium-term from floor

Qk3

short-term from column

1.5 x4.00
2

Appropriate load durationsfor the common typesof load are given in TRADA 3 Guidance
Document GD2, Table 6.

D TRADA 1994. F

TRADA, HughendenValley, High Wywmbe, Bucks. HP14 4ND. UI(

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F4

Partial

GLULAM FLOOR BEAM

safetyfactors
Partialsafetyfactors for actions and materialsare given in Table 1 of the NAD. They may
also be obtained from Tables 6 and 8 in the Introductionto the Design Examples.

Permanent actions

YG

1.35

Variable actions

TQ

1.5

Material factor for timber

y&q =

1.3

Tables 2.3.3.1

Tables 2.3.3,2

Coefficientsfor representative values, or combinationfactors, are given in Table 2 of the

NAD. They may also be obtained from Table 7 in the Introduction to the Design
Exzmples.

Variable action

Combination factor for domestic structures

I

$1

*0

QS1 (Ceiling load)

0.4

0.5
0.5

0.4

0.7

0.2

ULTIMATE LJlWITSTATE - STRENCTH

Effects of actions

Clause 2.3.2.2P(f)

Gk.IL + Gk2

1.699 x 7.2 + 6.570

2

1.800
2

0.9okN

Qk.2
L

3.000 x 7.2
2

10.80 kN

4.320
2

2.16 kN

2
Vk.W

Vk.medium

Vksllon

+Q

9.40 kN

Bending moments
=

24of44

Gk,L2
;+
8

Gk2L

TRADA, Hughendenkdey,

1.699 x 7.22 + 6.570 x 7.2 =

8
4

High Wycombe, Bucks. HP14 4ND. UK

22.84 kNm

oTRAlpA1994.F

F4
=

%uW

GLULAM FLOOR BEAM

G,,L

1.800

7.2

4
W,m&n

-%z L2

MkJh

Qd-

3.000 x 7.22
8

x 7.2

4.320

19.44kNm

3.24kNm

7.77 kNm

The strength must be adequate to suppott the combination values of V, .and A&for each
of the possible load cases, viz:
permanent
permanent
permanent
permanent

loaa!s only
+ long term loads
+ long term + medium-term loads
+ long term + medium-term + short-term loads

The material strength values are factored by the value of L

duration of load in each load case.

corresponding to the shortest

3.1.7(2)

Ther@ore the critical load case can be found by dividing the combination values CV, and
E&for each load case by the corresponding value of k,__,,. The largest quotient obtained
will identtfi the critical load cases for shear and bending respectively. :
Value of L for glulam in Service class 1 may be obtained from Table 8 in the
Introduction to the Design Examples.
kmod._
=
k=d. kW
=
K mcd,mediml=
knod.akat
=

0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90

By inspection, either the medium-term or the short-term load case will be critical.
Combination values are determined from the expression
(2.3.2.2a)

CYGG + roQ~, + Y&A,;Q,,~

i>l

where Qk,t is the effect of the most unfavourable variable action, i.e. the one which
produces the greatest stress. where dtxerent $O values are involved, Q,,t maay be found
as the one for which the product Q,,,(l+JO,Jis greatest.

Critical design values

Design shear force
v,kn, (l-k,*)

0.9 (l-0.5)

I=

0.45 kN

vk#lle,, ( 1+llJ)

10.80 (l-0.5)

t=

5.40 kN

vkghwf(l-&J,3

2.16 (l-0.7)

0.65 kN

F 4

GLULAM

FLOOR BEAM

is the dominant effect for the medium-term load case (permanent +

lTzerefore, Vkb
long-term + medium-term lo&) andfor the short-term load case (permanent + long-term
+ medium-term + short-term loads).

Using expression (2.3.2.2a)

V
+ YQ*o,*
MC,pTB+ YQVk,me%*

k,kq

EII?zz

0.8

-YiJh

1.35 x 9.40 + 1.5 (10.80 + 0.5 x 0.90)

0.8

.YGV_ + hv,h

ktrloohm

36.96 kN

+ YQ (*WV,, + h&,~how)
0.9

1.35 x9.40+ 1.5(10.80+(0.5

0.9

x0.90)+(0.7

x 2.16)) =

35.37 kN

Therefore the medium-term load case is critical for shear.

cv,

36.96 x 0.8

Mum,U-kii)

3.24 (l-0.5)

1.62 kNm

MM

19.44 (l-0.5)

9.72 kNm

7.77 (l-0.7)

2.33 kNm

29.57 kN (medium term)

Design bending moment

M-

(l-h,,.3
(1-1cb.j)

Therefore Mm

is the dsminant effect for both medium- and short-term load cases.

Using expression (2.3.2.2a)

1.35 x22.84+1.5(19.44+0.5x
0.8

3.24)

1.35x22.84+1.5(19.44+(0.5x3.24)+(0.7x7.7))
0.9

78.03 kNm

78.42 kN

Therefore the short-term load case is critical for bending.

CM,

78.42 x 0.9

70.58 kNm (short term)

1

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TRADA,

Hughenden Valley, High Wycombe,

Bucks. HP14 4ND. UK

- TRAtJA 1994. F(a)

F4

GLULAM FLOOR BEAM

STRENGTH MODIFICATION FACTORS

Size factor
Factor k,, may be used for &lam members withdepths in bending or widthsin tension of
less than 600 mm to increase characteristicbending and tensile strength values given in
prEN 1194.
Clause 3.3.2(4)

kh

minimumof

1.15

600
O.*
=
1

and

(3.3.2)

1.039

[h

Lateral

stability

It is assumed that the floor deck constructionwill restrain the compre&ion edge of the
beam against lateral displacement throughoutits length.
I

kc,it

5.2.2(5)

1.0

Bearing length
The bearing lengthfactor, kc.* increases the efJectivebearing strength
is therefore unnecessary to calculatekc,, unless the unfactoredbearing s
be inadequate.

STRENGTH
VERIFICATIONS
Shear strength (medium-term load case)

Shear stress 7d

1.5v,

1.5

x 29.57 x 1

Shear strength fv,d

m =

69 300

A
=

_kmd f.k
YM

Td

<

fv.d

0.80 x 3.0
1.3

as required

&,N/mm2

(,
.

1.85 N/mm2

Shear
strength
satisfactory

Bending strength (short-term load case)

Bending stress a,,,

Md
w,

bTFtADA1994.F

70.58 x 106
5 717 000

I
TRADA, HughendenValley, High Wycombe, Bucks. HP14 4ND. IJ&

= 12.35 N/mm2

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F4

GLULAM FLOOR BEAM

k~kcri* kmd

Bending strength f,,,,d=

fm.k

1.039x

1.0 x0.9 x28.0

1.3

YM

fm,d

<

%,d

= 20.14 N/,&2

as required

BMiIlg
!a&lgtll
satisfactory

Bearing stmngth (medium-term load case)

Bearing stress

UC,,,,

Bearing strength fc.90,d =

SERVICEABUTY

kcd fo0.k
YM

fCW

<

%O,d

x 1 000
12 085

29.57

A_

0.8 x 6.0
1.3

= 2.45 N/mm8

= 3.69 N/IIIII+
Se&ion adequate in

as required

LIMlT STATE

DEFIJXTION

The deflec-nonsof glulam beams are calculated using the mean modulus of elasticityand
the mean shear modulus.
EC5 and NAD: Clause 4. I(3)
It is necessary to cab&ate separatelythe deflectionsdue to permanent, long-term,mediumterm and short-termactions, as the k,factors for time-relateddeformation (creep differ
for each load duration.
Defle&*ons due to individual actions are calculated using the unfactored characteristic
values of the loads. l7te resulh~ngd@ections are combined using the expression
CC,

Q~,I

+ W,,i Qki

(4.1)

it-1

where Qk,, is the action which produces the greatest deections. Note that it is the
deflections, not the loaa!s,which are combined, as the example demonstratesbelow.
Definitions
u1.inn
Utinft
u2Jin

umfi

Clause 4.3.1 (I)

instantaneousor initialdeflection due to permanent actions
instantaneousor initialdeflection due to variable actions
=
final deflection due to variable actions
= final deflection due to all actions minus any precamber
=

Recommended deflection limits

u2,intr

u2Jin

U nafn

L/3(x
L/200
L/200

Clause 4.3. I (2)

Clause 4.3.1(3)
Clause 4.3. I (3)

When there is no precamber, it is unnecessaryto check u2$,,,since unnJinis alwaysgreater.

.

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TRADA, HughendenValley, High Wycombe, Bucks. HP14 4ND. UK

eTRADp1594.F

F4

GLULAMF'LOORBEAM

Design permanent load

Gk

Long-term load

Qk.1

18OON

Medium-term load

Qk.2

3.00 N/mm :

Short-term load

i.e. 1.699 N/mm udl + 6 570 N point load

k.3

320 N

Deflection formulae
Using the bending and deflection formulae from the Introduction to the Desi

&p

Examples:

Deflection due to uniformly distributed service load Fw,& is

u,,

F sa,dL

5L2
384
[ -+-

- E0_I
F

h2
5

(1)

x 7 2002

384
5
12 000sersdl
x 1 415 000 000 Lc 5x72002+4952

2.210 Flcr,udl

-I

Deflection due to point service load FKIN is

upoint

Fw,,L

~~
EO.mepn
I [I48+5

2h2

F,,,x7200

(2)
48+
7 2002

2 x 54952

12 000 x 1415 000 000

0.000500 Fsersoim

Instantaneous de&ctions
uinstpemmem

hlSt.larg

Uimt,mcdim

Uimt,.rhort

2.210 x 1.699 + 0.000500 x 6 570

7.04 mm

0.000500 x 1800

0.9Omm

2.210 x 3.00

6.63 mm

0.000500 x 4 320

2.16 mm

7.42 mm

i=

24oomm

Using expression 4.1

%imt

U2,imt.m+x

U2.im*

aTRADA1994.F

Uimt,&m

~l,limt.bng

6.63 + 0.4 x 0.90 + 0.2 X 2.16

L

=300
<

U2,imt,max

7 200
300

=
as

~I.3im,shm7

required

TRADA, Hughenden Valley, High Wycumbe, Bucks. HP14 4ND. UR

Instantaneous
deflection
satisfactory

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GLULAM FLOOR BEAM

Final deflections
Values for kdcrfor glulam in Service class I may be obtainedfrom Table 4.1, or from
Table 10 in the Introductionto the Design Examples.
k&W=m
kd&m.Wm
k@&diunuemI
kti,lti--

=
=
=
=

0.80
0.50
0.25
0.00

Final de,flea*on is calculated as

=

ufin

u,

tn.pcmllmem

hn,,
U finmedium

WqShorl

(4.Ib)

uinct(I + kW)

7.04 (1 + 0.80)

12.67 mm

0.90 (1 + 0.50)

1.35 mm

6.63 (1 + 0.25)

8.29 mm

2.16 (1 + 0.00)

2.16 mm

Using expression 4.1

U netJill

Ufingmnmrarr

Uti,mafium

i4,lUcnJmg

v4.3~Jhm

12.67 + 8.29 + 0.4 x 1.35 + 0.2 x 2.16

21.93 mm

L
200

36.0 mm

<

7 200
200

Ullct.fln.mu

as

required

VIBRATION

EC5 Clause 4.4.P(1) requires vibrationsto be limitedto acceptable levels. One empirical
way to satisfy this requirementfor floor beams is to limit their instantaneousdeflection
under the self-weightof the floor alone to 3.5 mm.

Uimt,pemkmem

2.210 x 1.699

3.75 mm

This is a little more than the 3.5 mm limit suggested above, but the small difference is
unlikely to matter.

Fsnal
deflection
satisfactory