INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS PART-2

CURRENT & VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS

(FOR ELECTRIC T&D, POWER PLANTS &, INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS)
(S. R. JAVED AHMED)

CTs & VTs Javed

VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS
Voltage Transformers (VTs) are also classified along with Current Transformers (CTs) as Instrument Transformers. These are
shunt connected devices intended to reproduce Secondary Voltages in fixed proportion to the Primary system Voltage. VTs
contrast with Power, Distribution & Control Transformers (which are also shunt devices) in having very small rated power
compared with Power, Distribution, Grounding & Control Transformers. Main purpose of Power, Distribution & Control
Transformers on one hand is to deliver Power from one system to other system or systems with or without galvanic isolation
between each system (e.g. an Auto-Transformer which may be Power Transformer transforms power from one system to other
without galvanic isolation). Main purpose of a VT is to produce replica of a system voltage which can be used in Metering &
Relaying systems maintain required accuracy over range of Voltage.
Two types of Voltage Transformers are most commonly used in Metering, Protection & control systems are Measuring
(Metering) Voltage Transformers and Protective (Relaying) Voltage Transformers.
IEC 60044-2 defines a VT as:

IEEE C37-13 defines a VT as:

Similar to a CT (refer to INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS PART-2, CURRENT & VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS), an ideal VT is a VT
which introduces no ratio errors and no phase displacement when it transforms Voltage from Primary system to the secondary
system.
Ratio error or Voltage error is expressed as:

CTs & VTs Javed

Standard values for VTs as defined in IEC 60044-2 for VTs are:

CTs & VTs Javed

Standard values for VTs as defined in IEEE C37-13 for VTs are:
Goup-1, Group-2, Group-3, Group-4 & Group-5 are:

CTs & VTs Javed

CTs & VTs Javed

CTs & VTs Javed

ACCURACY CLASSES:
IEC 60044-2 defined accuracy classes for Measuring class VTs are:

IEC 60044-2 defined accuracy classes for Protective class VTs are:

CTs & VTs Javed

IEC 60044-5 Standard defines accuracy class for Protective class CVTs for their Steady state & Transient performance as:

CTs & VTs Javed

IEC 60044-5 Standard defines accuracy class for Metering class CVTs as:

IEEE C37-13 defined accuracy classes for Protective class VTs are:

CTs & VTs Javed

SOME LITERATURES

CTs & VTs Javed

10

CTs & VTs Javed

11

CTs & VTs Javed

12

CTs & VTs Javed

13

CTs & VTs Javed

14

CTs & VTs Javed

15

CTs & VTs Javed

16

CTs & VTs Javed

17

CTs & VTs Javed

18

CTs & VTs Javed

19

CTs & VTs Javed

20

CTs & VTs Javed

21

CTs & VTs Javed

22

CTs & VTs Javed

23

CTs & VTs Javed

24

CTs & VTs Javed

25

CTs & VTs Javed

26

CTs & VTs Javed

27

CTs & VTs Javed

28

CTs & VTs Javed

29

CTs & VTs Javed

30

CTs & VTs Javed

31

CTs & VTs Javed

32

CTs & VTs Javed

33

CTs & VTs Javed

34

CTs & VTs Javed

35

CTs & VTs Javed

36

CTs & VTs Javed

37

CTs & VTs Javed

38

CTs & VTs Javed

39

CTs & VTs Javed

40

CTs & VTs Javed

41

CTs & VTs Javed

42

CTs & VTs Javed

43

CTs & VTs Javed

44

CTs & VTs Javed

45

CTs & VTs Javed

46

CTs & VTs Javed

47

CTs & VTs Javed

48

CTs & VTs Javed

49

CTs & VTs Javed

50

CTs & VTs Javed

51

CTs & VTs Javed

52

CTs & VTs Javed

53

CTs & VTs Javed

54

CTs & VTs Javed

55

CTs & VTs Javed

56

CTs & VTs Javed

57

CTs & VTs Javed

58

CTs & VTs Javed

59

CTs & VTs Javed

60

CTs & VTs Javed

61

CTs & VTs Javed

62

CTs & VTs Javed

63

CTs & VTs Javed

64

CTs & VTs Javed

65

CTs & VTs Javed

66

CTs & VTs Javed

67

CTs & VTs Javed

68

CTs & VTs Javed

69

CTs & VTs Javed

70

CTs & VTs Javed

71

CTs & VTs Javed

72

CTs & VTs Javed

73

CTs & VTs Javed

74

CTs & VTs Javed

75

CTs & VTs Javed

76

CTs & VTs Javed

77

CTs & VTs Javed

78

CTs & VTs Javed

79

CTs & VTs Javed

80

CTs & VTs Javed

81

CTs & VTs Javed

82

CTs & VTs Javed

83

CTs & VTs Javed

84

CTs & VTs Javed

85

CTs & VTs Javed

86

CTs & VTs Javed

87

CTs & VTs Javed

88

CTs & VTs Javed

89

CTs & VTs Javed

90

CTs & VTs Javed

91

CTs & VTs Javed

92

CTs & VTs Javed

93

CTs & VTs Javed

94

CTs & VTs Javed

95

CTs & VTs Javed

96

CTs & VTs Javed

97

CTs & VTs Javed

98

CTs & VTs Javed

99

CTs & VTs Javed

100

CTs & VTs Javed

101

CTs & VTs Javed

102

CTs & VTs Javed

103

CTs & VTs Javed

104

CTs & VTs Javed

105

CTs & VTs Javed

106

CTs & VTs Javed

107

CTs & VTs Javed

108

CTs & VTs Javed

109

CTs & VTs Javed

110

CTs & VTs Javed

111

CTs & VTs Javed

112

CTs & VTs Javed

113

CTs & VTs Javed

114

CTs & VTs Javed

115

CTs & VTs Javed

116

CTs & VTs Javed

117

CTs & VTs Javed

118

CTs & VTs Javed

119

CTs & VTs Javed

120

CTs & VTs Javed

121

CTs & VTs Javed

122

CTs & VTs Javed

123

CTs & VTs Javed

124

CTs & VTs Javed

125

CTs & VTs Javed

126

CTs & VTs Javed

127

CTs & VTs Javed

128

CTs & VTs Javed

129

CTs & VTs Javed

130

CTs & VTs Javed

131

CTs & VTs Javed

132

CTs & VTs Javed

133

CTs & VTs Javed

134

CTs & VTs Javed

135

CTs & VTs Javed

136

CTs & VTs Javed

137

CTs & VTs Javed

138

CTs & VTs Javed

139

CTs & VTs Javed

140

CTs & VTs Javed

141

CTs & VTs Javed

142

CTs & VTs Javed

143

CTs & VTs Javed

144

CTs & VTs Javed

145

CTs & VTs Javed

146

CTs & VTs Javed

147

CTs & VTs Javed

148

CTs & VTs Javed

149

CTs & VTs Javed

150

CTs & VTs Javed

151

CTs & VTs Javed

152

CTs & VTs Javed

153

CTs & VTs Javed

154

CTs & VTs Javed

155

CTs & VTs Javed

156

CTs & VTs Javed

157

CTs & VTs Javed

158

CTs & VTs Javed

159

CTs & VTs Javed

160