12.

THE PRONUNCIATION Of THE ENDINGS: -S/ES and -ED

A. Cch pht m ui S/ES ca ng t ngi th ba s t, danh t

s nhiu

c l /S/ nu sau t tn cng bng cc m nh /k/, /p/, /f// (-gh, -ph),/(th),/t/.

/p/
/t/
/f/
/k/
//

Plural nouns
maps /mps/
cats / kts /
laughs / l:fs /
books / buks /
lengths / les /

3rd singular verbs

stops
/ stops/
calculates /'klkjuleits/
laughs / la:fs /
attacks / 'tks /

c l /IZ/ sau cc t tn cng bng m /ks/ (-x), // (sh), /t/ (-ch), /s/ (-ss), /d/
(-ge), // (ze), /z/ (-se, -z)).
Plural nouns
/s/
/ks/
//
/t/
//
/d/
/z/

glasses
boxes
wishes
churches
garages
pages
bruises

3rd singular verbs

misses
mixes
washes
matches
massages
stages
rises

c l /Z/ sau cc t tn cng bng cc ph m cn li, v tt c cc nguyn m.

Plural nouns
/b/
/v/
/d/
/g/
/l/
/m/
/n/
//
/ou/
/ei/
/e /

cubs
caves
beds
eggs
hills
rooms
pens
rings
potatoes
days
hairs

3rd singular verbs

robs
lives
reads
digs
fills
comes
learns
brings
goes
plays
wears

*Notes:
I. Choose the word that show the s ending is pronounced.
/s/
/z/
/iz/
1. potatoes
8,
2. cooks
9.
3. rubs
10.
4. rises
11.
5. length
12.
6. calculates
13.
7. roses
14.

/s/

/z/

/iz/

reads
massages
laughs
caves
plays
maps
daniels

Exercise 1: Circle the word which has the underlined part pronounced as:
0./s/
chores
brothers
shifts
1./z/
halves
dates
kits
2./s/
speaks
bags
days
3./s/
activities
parents
feelings
4./z/
hours
projects
takes
5./z/
pets
loves
laughs
6./s/
photographs stays
questions

7./z/
weekends basts
months
8./iz/
problems
shares
washes
9./iz/
physics
watches
nights
10./iz/ jobs
joins
misses
Exercise 2: Choose the underlined words has pronouced differntly from the others.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.

A. neighbors
A. snacks
A. streets
A. cities
A. develops
A. explains
A. phones
A. proofs
A. involves
A. serves
A. remembers
A. miles
A. sports
A. makes
A. albums
A. gets
A. collects
A. stamps
A. envelops
A. athletics
A. things
A. parks
A. helps

B. friends
C. relatives D. photographs
B. follows
C. titles
D. writers
B. phones
C. books
D. makes
B. satellites C. series
D. workers
B. takes
C. laughs
D. volumes
B. wakes
C. phones
D. names
B. streets
C. books
D. makes
B. regions
C. lifts
D. rocks
B. believes
C. suggests D. steals
B. blocks
C. banks
D. tourists
B. cooks
C. walls
D. pyramids
B. words
C. accidents D. names
B. plays
C. households D. minds
B. views
C. reads
D. decides
B. tanks
C. shops
D. plants
B. loves
C. sings
D. buys
B.cooks
C. swims
D. claps
B. friends
C. relatives D. guitars
B. tunes
C. books
D. guitarists
B. participants C. efforts
D. skills
B. engineers C. scientists D. individuals
B. animals
C. planets
D. environments
B. provides C. documents D. texts

B. Cch pht m ui ED ca ng t c quy tc.

c l /id/ sau t tn cng bng m /d/ hoc /t/.

need needed

decide decided

want wanted

start

started

c l /t/ sau t tn cng bng m /k/, /p/, /f/ (-gh,-ph), /s/, // (-sh), /t/ (-ch),
// (-th), /ks/ (-x)

wash washed
book booked
watched
fax faxed....

stop stopped

watch

c l /d/ sau t tn cng bng cc m cn li.

play played
borrow borrowed

plan planned

offer offered bathe bathed

call called

*Notes:
* Cc tnh t tn cng bng ED th ui ED cng c pht m nh cch pht m
ca ng t c quy tc. Tuy nhin, mt s tnh t c tn cng bng -ed, hoc
mt s trng t tn cng bng -edly, th -ed c pht m l /id/.
Adjectives:
/id/
naked : kha thn
crooked : cong, on
wretched : khn kh
rugged : g gh
learned : uyn bc
Adverbs:
/id/
deservedly : xng ng
supposedly: cho l
rng, ng ch
allegedly : cho rng

ragged : nhu, c

markedly : mt cch r

Exercise1: Check the correct column according to how the ed- is pronounced:
Talked, missed, naked, called, occurred, wretched, invited, polluted, studied, closed,
laughed, markedly, collected, rugged, watched, rented, robbed, devervedly, looked, ended,
demanded, washed, started, needed, boiled, enjoyed, plugged, named, singed, faxed, followed,
filled, robbed, passed, finished, printed, explained, waited, wailed, exceeded, played, stayed,
showed, worked, touched.
/d/

/t/

/ id /

Exercise 2: Choose the underlined words has pronouced differntly from the others.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.

A. invited
A. removed
A. knocked
A. looked
A. wanted
A. laughed
A. believed
A. lifted
A. practiced
A. collected
A. walked
A. watched
A. approached
A. admired
A. played
A. collected
A. placed
A. hoped
A. equipped
A. worked
A. sponsored
A. played
A. dived
A. protected
A. stationed

B. attended
B. washed
B. naked
B. laughed
B. parked
B. passed
B. prepared
B. lasted
B. ranged
B. changed
B. entertained
B. stopped
B. stocked
B. looked
B. admired
B. discarded
B. practiced
B. attracted
B. delivered
B. pumped
B. answered
B. traveled
B. stopped
B. destroyed
B. belonged

C. celebrated
C. hoped
C. stopped
C. moved
C. stopped
C. suggested
C. involved
C. happened
C. washed
C. formed
C. reached
C. pushed
C. developed
C. missed
C. liked
C. watched
C. stopped
C. added
C. transferred
C. watched
C. enjoyed
C. stayed
C. cooked
C. included
C. established

D. displayed
D. missed
D. called
D. stepped
D. watched
D. placed
D. liked
D. decided
D. touched
D. viewed
D. looked
D. improved
D. painted
D. hoped
D. called
D. wanted
D. named
D. participated
D. received
D. contented
D. locked
D. looked
D. replaced
D. needed
D. studied

49.
50.

A. parked
A. studied

B. watched
B. raised

C. endangered
C. played

D. stopped
D. worked