ENERGY ( UNIT 4)

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~NE~~Y: the ability of an object to rnove, heat up or produce Iight.

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1-mechanical M.u..-(':~
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2- chemical

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3-electrical

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4- thermal

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6- nuclear

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It's the energy that produces movernent (move, go faster, change direction)

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Types of mechanical energy:r (.P"',,:)

a- Kinetic energy: it's the energy of the form of movement ChP--~

b- Potential energy: energy in the lorm 01 potential movement

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Ex. When you lift an object

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give it potential energy

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It's store in some substances (in pasta as carbohydrates, in batteries)

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It's energy in form of heat.

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We use it to heat buildings and to cook food

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It's in form of light

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l1's in form of electricity. It travels through metal cables.

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l1's stored in the atomic structure of all matter

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l1's transformed in nuclear power stations nto electrical energy

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[WHAT HAPPENS ro ENERGYWHEN IT'S_U~ED?J e ~~-

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Energy never disappears. It can be transformed from one type of energy into another

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Ex. A lightning (the electrical energy is transformed nto light energy, thermal energy and sound energy)

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Some common Energy Transformations:

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Chemical energy: aeroplanes and cars transform this energy in fuel and petrol nto kinetic and thermal energy
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Electrical energy: fans and electrical drills transform it nto kinetic and thermal energy
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Light energy: solar panels transform light energy from the Sun nto electrical energy

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This c~lemical energy stored in food and drinks is measured in calories. t::J;;... .e......'''-rv:r:- ~
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Ex. Nuts, red meat and cheese have many calories S;~
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Vegetables and white meat have few calories

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(~1- _R~~ewable energy sour~e~~-r~ k

Theyare:

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Hydroelectric energy: from water that is moving or falling

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the water passes through a turbine

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the movement of the turbine generate electricity

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Wind energy: from the movernent of airo The kinetic energy produce electrical energy
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Solar energy: the light and the heat is transformed nto electrical energy
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Biofuels: from plants and animal products, It can be biomass, bioliquids or biogases, It produces electrical energy

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they are limited:

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l1's the source of the fuel oil, diesel fuel and petral that we use it 'Var heating and vehicles.
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It's also use to produce electricity in power stations

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Coal

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Natural gas

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l1's a mixture of gases.

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l1's used as fuel in ndustry, to produce electricity in power stations and for heating and cooking ~ I
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Use non-renewable energy sources causes two problems:

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1- These sources are limited
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2- They produce pollution ( global warming and acid rain)

The three Rs protect the environment

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-Reduce: buying things with a little paekagng

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-Recycle: separate rubbish in the correet bin

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-Reuse: use glass, metal and plastie eontainers again and again
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