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AND
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16635
J\
PROJECT APOLLO
FLIGHT CREW LAUNCH ABORT MODE SELECTION
CHARTS FOR MISSION A S - 2 0 4 A
By Bobbie D. Weber
Fiight Anaiysis Branch
/&LL
/?.
Approved: c'.
Claiborne R. Hicks, Jr. , Chief
FI ight Analysis Branch
Approved:
John P(r\ Mayer, Chief
Missiov Planning and Analysis Division
I
FIGURFS
Figure
Page
F l i g h t - c o n t r o l t r a j e c t o r y d a t a a s a function
of i n e r t i a l v e l o c i t y and i n e r t i a l f l i g h t path angle a t s-IVB cutoff plus 1-5 seconds
assuming CSM/S-IVB separation has occurred
F l i g h t - c o n t r o l t r a j e c t o r y d a t a a s a function
of time of f r e e f a l l and perigee a l t i t u d e a t
S-IVB cutoff plus 15 seconds assuming CSM/S-IVB
s e p a r a t i o n has occurred.
(a)
(b)
(c)
.....
A f t e r Separation
A f t e r Separation
After Separation
- Scale I
.Scale
.Scale
I1
I11
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
..........
10
u
12
F l i g h t c o n t r o l t r a j e c t o r y d a t a a s a f u n c t i o n of
apogee a l t i t u d e and perigee a l t i t u d e a t S-IVB
c u t o f f plus 15 seconds assuming CSM/S-IVB
s e p a r a t i o n has occurred
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
After
After
After
After
Separation
Separation
Separation
Separation
- Scale I
.Scale
.Scale
.Scale
I1
I11
.. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. ..
..........
F l i g h t - c o n t r o l t r a j e c t o r y d a t a a s a f u n c t i o n of
i n e r t i a l v e l o c i t y and i n e r t i a l f l i g h t - p a t h angle
a t S-IVB c u t o f f plus 15 seconds assuming CSM/S-IVB
s e p a r a t i o n occurs a t S-IVB c u t o f f plus 45 seconds
13
15
17
19
21
F l i g h t - c o n t r o l t r a j e c t o r y d a t a a s a f u n c t i o n of t i m e
of f r e e f a l l and pexigee a l t i t u d e a t S-IVB c u t o f f
p l u s 15 seconds assuming CSM/S-IVB s e p a r a t i o n occurs
a t S-IVB c u t o f f plus 45 seconds.
( a ) Before Separation
(b) Before Separation
( c ) Before Separtaion
Scale I
I1
111
.Scale
.Scale
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.........
F l i g h t - c o n t r o l t r a j e c t o r y d a t a a s a f u n c t i o n of apogee
a l t i t u d e and perigee a l t i t u d e a t S-IVB c u t o f f plus
15 seconds assuming CSM/S-IVB s e p a r a t i o n occurs a t
S-IVB c u t o f f plus 45 seconds.
iii
22
23
24
Figure
(a)
Before
( b ) Before
( c ) Before
( d ) Before
Ti
Separation
Separation
Separation
Separation
.. . . .. . .. . ..
. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
...............
- Scale I
- Scale I1
- Scale 111
Scale I V
AGC/DSKY d i s p l a y s a v a i l a b l e f o r onboard a b o r t
mode s e l e c t i o n
iv
25.
27
29
31
33
By Bobbie D. Weber
SUMMARY
This paper presents launch abort mode s e l e c t i o n c h a r t s t o be used
by t h e AS-204A crew i n s e l e c t i n g the appropriate launch abort mode i f
an a b o r t s i t u a t i o n develops folluwing t h e loss of ground-to-air communications.
Various parameters a r e presented a s functions of apogee a l t i t u d e
(ha), perigee a l t i t u d e ( h ), and t i m e - o f - f r e e f a l l ( T f f , time remaining
P
above 300 000 f t ) . These parameters a r e computed by t h e Apollo guidance computer (AGC) and displayed i n t h e r e g i s t e r s of t h e d i s p l a y and
keyboard (DSKY) panel. I n addition, the parameters a r e presented as
functions of i n e r t i a l v e l o c i t y and i n e r t i a l f l i g h t - p a t h angle t o provide
a more f a m i l i a r and an o v e r a l l a p p r a i s a l of t h e n e a r - i n s e r t i o n abort
regions.
INTRODUCTION
During t h e second q u a r t e r of t h i s year, t h e AGC launch a b o r t
s e l e c t i o n programs ( r e f . 1)were removed from t h e guidance and navigat i o n (GN) system operations plan f o r mission A s - 2 0 4 A t o provide addit i o n a l computer storage f o r AGC programs which c o n t r i b u t e more t o t h e
nominal mission. To provide more onboard c a p a b i l i t y f o r t h e AS-204A
mission, it was apparent t h a t t h e crew needed some means of s e l e c t i n g
t h e appropriate launch abort mode t o use i f ground-to-air communications
are l o s t
A t f i r s t , it was thought t h e crew could a s s e s s an abort s i t u a t i o n
e n t i r e l y with the AGC by observing t h e DSKY r e g i s t e r d i s p l a y s i n programs
12 and 71 and t h e o r b i t a l maneuvering programs ( r e f . 2 ) . The parameters
4:
For any V
i'
Yi t o
yi t o t h e r i g h t
of t h i s l i n e , an Africa impact can be avoided by performing a r e t r o grade maneuver. (The normal procedure r e q u i r e s t h a t t h e SF'S maneuver
r e s u l t s i n a landing a t t h e DRA.)
3.
J
The
"nv,, + AVm
t o deorbit a t h
of contingency o r b i t i s
5.
t h e s p a c e c r a f t w i l l a r r i v e a t apogee c o i n c i d e n t i a l w i t h t h e C Y I t r a c k i n g
4
s t a t i o n AOS. I f t h e s p a c e c r a f t has l o s t ground-to-air communications
a s a r e s u l t of a ground problem r a t h e r than an onboard systems p r o b l q
t h e crew could await C Y 1 AOS before performing an a b o r t maneuver when
t h e i r abort s o l u t i o n places them e i t h e r on o r t o t h e r i g h t of t h i s l i n e .
6.
7.
8.
9.
Self-explanatory.
achieve h
1. Region A
yi i n region A (bounded by l i n e s 1, 2,
if i
3.
and AV,
requires a
4.
Yi i n region B (bounded
= 2400 f p s ) t h e primary mode of a b o r t i s a b o r t
Region B
l i n e s 3 , 5,
xle I V , which
Region C
(figure
4 only)
"
Yi i n region C (bounded
= 75-11. m i . l i n e ) , t h e AV irnparted
P
by t h e normal s e p a r a t i o n sequence w i l l a s s u r e a s a f e o r b i t .
by t h e AVINs = 0 l i n e and t h e h
i n region D (bounded by l i n e s 3, 5,
5 . Region D For any Vi ?.
1
and 7), t h e crew can perform an SPS posigrade maneuver a t S-IVB cutoff
plus 125 seconds and have s u f f i c i e n t f u e l reserve t o d e o r b i t . However,
t h e primary procedure would be t o perform a maneuver a t apogee t o r a i s e
perigee t o 75 n. m i .
6.
- For
Region E
yi i n region E (bounded by l i n e s 3
any Vi,
7.
Region F
required.
- For
any V
Yi i n region F no immediate a c t i o n i s
A s a f e perigee i s assured.
h -Versus-T
ff
Charts ( f i g u r e s 2 and 3 )
15 seconds.
a b o r t v i a mode 11. But, t h i s s o l u t i o n would be wrong because readi n g s a t other t h a n t h e fixed time were used. To g e t t h e c o r r e c t
s o l u t i o n the a s t r o n a u t would need t o add 30 seconds t o t h e Tff reading.
(The DET would read 00 minutes 45 seconds). Then, Tff would be 06 minutes.
I f t h e astronaut uses t h e s e values t o solve t h e a b o r t problem, he w i l l
see t h a t the mode IV burn r e q u i r e s only 1600 fps. O r , he can perform
a s u b o r b i t a l a b o r t v i a mode 111. I n t h i s case t h e choice between
l7OO f p s and I600 f p s o r s u b o r b i t a l a b o r t modes would n o t be c a t a s t r o p h i c .
But the astronaut m i g h t make an unwise d e c i s i o n if t h e DET i s not used
h -Versus-ha Charts ( f i g u r e s
P
h -versus-ha
P
3 and 6 )
c h a r t s a r e not s u b j e c t t o t h e l i m i t a t i o n s i n d i c a t e d
7
t o raise perigee t o 75 n. m i . To help them determine which s o l u t i o n t o
use, t h e a s t r o n a u t s have a v a i l a b l e a d i s p l a y of time t o perigee (T ).
P
For t h i s example t h e T display would read about 78 minutes. To avoid
P
P'
- - 7 . - L
CONCLUSION
The enclosed d a t a a r e altitude-dependent.
assuming t h e nominal a l t i t u d e a t S-IVB c u t o f f
A U d a t a were generated
The mode I V AVms .
curves a r e t h e r e f o r e conservative f o r p o s i t i v e a l t i t u d e d i s p e r s i o n s
and unconservative f o r negative a l t i t u d e dispersions. When e i t h e r set
of c h a r t s (h versus Tff o r h versus h ) a r e used, a unique s o l u t i o n
P
P
a
t o t h e abort problem can be found i f some time reference i s used
( e i t h e r DET readings o r T display).
P
VI
-0
al
v)
m
m
VI
m
c
U
m
.-
sr
0
L
a,
u
L
a,
0
3
7
._
LL
10
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
._c
E
IL
t-
LL
m
aJ
0
W
E
._
t-
6
AVINS= 2400 fps
-2000
-1750
-1500
-1250
-1000
Perigee altitude, h
P'
-750
-500
-250
n. mi.
- Scale 1
Figure 2 . - Flight-control trajectory data as a function of time of freefall and perigee altitude at S-IVB
cutoff plus 15 seconds assuming CSM/S-IVB separation has occurred.
11
S
.-
I-
LL
LL
m
al
.-E"
I-
.
1500
-450
-400
-350
-300
-250
- Scale
- Continued.
II
-200
-15;
12
.-c
E
LL
LL
I-
-m
L
L
94
94
84
84
74
74
64
64
54
54
44
44
34
32
30
28
26
24
34
32
22
22
20
20
18
18
16
16
14
14
12
12
10
10
30
28
26
24
.-E
I-
-200
-160
-120
-80
-4 0
Perigee altitude, h
P'
n. mi.
- Scale
Ill
40
80
Perigee altitude, h
-1100
100
-1000
-900
-800
P'
n. mi.
-7 0 0
-600
-500
-400
100
99
99
98
98
97
97
1 landing
96
96
95
95
94
94
93
93
92
92
91
91
90
90
LMode IV boundary&
89
89
.-
.m
.
U
0
CQ
r
D
m
-c
E
Fr
a,
3
.U
88
88
a,
a,
3.
89
89
Mode IV boundary
90
90
91
91
92
92
93
93
94
94
95
95
96
96
97
97
98
98
99
99
100
-1100
-1000
-900
-800
-700
-600
-5 0 0
100
-400
Figure 3.- Flight-control trajectory data as a function of apogee altitude and perigee altitude
at S-IVB cutoff plus 1 5 seconds assuming CSM/SIVB separation has occurred.
-600
124
122
120
118
116
-5 00
-400
-3 00
-200
AS-204
-100
114
100
124
122
120
118
116
114
112
112
110
110
108
108
106
106
104
104
102
102
100
100
98
98
96
96
94
94
92
92
90
90
.-
-0
(D
(D
a,
U
3 88
.m
88
.g3
p.l
a,
a,
I
n
3
-.
90
90
92
92
94
94
96
96
98
98
100
100
102
102
104
104
106
106
108
108
110
110
112
112
114
114
116
118
120
122
124
100
116
118
120
122
124
-600
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
- Scale
Figure 3. - Continued.
II
Perigee altitude, h
-2 00
2 68
258
248
238
228
-8 0
n. mi.
218
80
268
2 58
2 48
238
228
218
2 08
2 08
198
198
188
188
178
178
168
168
158
158
148
148
138
138
128
128
118
118
108
108
98
98
-160
-120
P'
-4 0
40
.-
U
0
.
.
(D
(D
m
r
E
r r
-.
&
al
2
88
u
.-
,
I
-
88
(D
aJ
p.
al
3
-.
98
98
108
108
118
11%
128
128
138
138
148
148
158
158
168
168
178
178
188
188
198
198
2 08
2 08
218
218
228
238
2 48
258
268
80
228
238
248
258
2 68
-200
-160
-120
-8 0
-40
- Scale Ill
Figure 3 , - Continued.
40
328
20
30
40
60
50
AS-204
70
80
90
328
3 08
3 08
288
288
2 68
268
248
2 48
228
228
2 08
2 08
188
188
168
168
148
148
128
128
108
108
.-
U
0
m
ID
ID
E
!yr
-.
a,
2
.-
yr
88
88
a,
a,
0
0-
3.
108
108
128
128
148
148
168
168
188
188
2 08
2 08
228
228
248
2 48
2 68
2 68
288
288
3 08
3 08
328
20
30
40
50
60
70
- Scale
- Concluded.
IV
3' 28
80
90---
m
c
._
E
2
m
VI
VI
n
c
V
0
-._
VI
>
0
U
W
.-
L
0
0
c
L
W
u
3
l
._
LL
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
15
14
14
13
13
12
12
11
11
10
10
3
-2000
-1750
-1500
-1250
-1000
-750
-500
-256
- Scale I
Figure 5.- Flight-control trajectory data as a function of time of free fall and perigee altitude at S-IVB
cutoff plus 15 seconds assuming CSM/S-IVB separation occurs at S-IVB cutoff plus 45 seconds.
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
.-
LL
I-
LL
j 00
-450
-400
-350
-250
-300
- Scale
Figure 5. - Continued.
I1
-200
-150
24
.-c
iL
LL
I-
22
c
L
.-
I-
94
94
84
84
74
74
64
64
54
54
44
44
34
32
30
28
26
24
22
34
32
30
28
26
24
22
20
20
18
18
16
16
14
14
12
12
10
10
A
V
-200
-160
-120
-80
-4 0
- Scale I l l
40
80-
-1100
100
-1 000
-900
-8 0 0
-700
-600
-500
-400
100
99
99
98
97
96
95
94
93
92
91
90
89
.-
.m
ca
rD
rD
ru
-.
CT
t-r
88
n
rD
-m
a,
a,
3.
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
-1 -0-0
-1100
-1000
-900
-800
-7 00
-600
-500
-400
- Scale I
Figure 6.- Flight-control trajectory data as a function of apogee altitude and periglee altitude at S-IVB
cutoff plus 1 5 seconds assuming CSM/lVB separation occurs at S-IVB cutoff plus 45 seconds.
27
a,
73
3
.U
Y
m
a,
a
.-m
L
Perigee altitude, h
P'
n. mi.
U
0
a
rD
rD
E
R
-.
.a
rD
Perigee altitude, h
PI
n. mi.
- Scale Ill
- Continued.
-200
a,_
-16 0
-120
-4 0
-8 0
40
80
2 68
258
248
238
228
218
2 08
198
188
178
168
158
148
138
128
108
98
IQ
(D
(D
E
Fr
-.
R
88
.E
(D
p1
3
-.3
98
LO8
L 28
L48
158
L 68
L 78
188
L98
2 08
218
228
L VU
-200
-160
-120
-8 0
-4 0
- Scale I l l
40
238
248
258
2 68
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
328
3 08
288
2 68
248
228
2 08
188
168
148
128
108
U
0
cn
ID
ID
108
128
148
168
188
2 08
228
248
268
288
3 08
20
30
40
50
Perigee altitude, h
(d) Before separation
60
P'
70
n. mi.
- Scale
IV
80
328
9 (3
R 1 -GAMMA
R 2 -V E LOC IT Y
PROGRAM 1 2
R1-DELTA R
R2-PERIGEE ALT.
PROGRAM 7 1
R1-DELTA R
R2-PERIGEE ALT.
MODE 11/111
R3-TFF
ROUTINE 3 4
R1-APOGEE ALT.
R2-PERIGEE ALT.
R3-TFF
- -MODE
- -11/111- -
EY V33E (PROC)
'
ROUTINE 3 4
R1-T PERIGEE HRS.
R2-T PERIGEE MIN.
R3-T PERIGEE SEC.
----
MODE 11/111
I
J
ROUTINE 34
R1-APOGEE ALT.
R2-PERIGEE ALT.
R3-TFF
MODE IV
I
ROUTINE 341
R1-T PERIGEE HRS.
R2-T PERIGEE MIN.
R3-T PERIGEE SEC.
R1-APOGEE ALT.
R2-PERIGEE ALT.
R3-TFF
(S-IVB/CM
CANNOT BE MONITORED
(DISPLAYS W I L L NOT UPDATE)
SEP)
(ZERJ
Figure 7.
- AGC/DSKY
34
REFERENCES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
AS-204/Crew Charts For b u n c h Abort Mode Selection And Procedures-Status. MSC M 66-m34-48, August 23, 1966.
6.