Bahir Dar University

Faculty of Engineering

Department of Civil Engineering

CHAPTER TWO
PILE FOUNDATION
1. Design a pile foundation for the following soil profile and column load at foundation level.
+ 0 .0 m

F ill

C =0, =30
= 1 7 .0 K N /m

- 2 .0 m

M =200K N m
y

S tif f c la y

- 1 0 .0 m

q =150K Pa,
u
3
= 1 7 .0 K N /m
S tif f c la y

D ense S and
=30

- 3 0 .0 m

= 1 9 .0 K N /m

600m m

- 2 0 .0 m

Use
Concrete C-30
Steel S-300

q =300K Pa,
u
3
= 1 9 .0 K N /m

M =300K N m
x
P=2000K N

400m m

B a s a lt

= 1 0 ,0 0 0 K P a

u lt
F ig u r e a : S o il D a t a

F ig u r e b : L o a d D a t a

Solution: The following assumptions are made for the soil data to compute individual pile
capacity
P

+ 0 .0 m
A ssum e

F ill

/ 3
3
= 1 7 .0 K N /m K s = 1 .0

C =0, =30
- 2 .0 m

S tif f c la y

A ssum e

S tif f c la y

A ssum e

q =300K Pa,

u
3
= 1 9 .0 K N /m

- 2 0 .0 m

D ense S and
=30

= 1 9 .0 K N /m

- 3 0 .0 m

1
2

h k s tan

1
2

* 17 * 2 * 1 * tan( 2 * 30 / 3 ) 6 . 19 Kpa

Note ve value as there may be consolidation

negative skin friction

q = 1 5 0 K P a ,
u
3
= 1 7 .0 K N /m

- 1 0 .0 m

bu

qu
2
qu
2

0 . 45 *
0 . 45 *

150
2

300
2

33 . 75 Kpa

67 . 5 Kpa

B a s a lt

u lt

= 1 0 ,0 0 0 K P a

Individula pile capacity:

Consider the depth of imbedment to be below 10m, specifically at 13m (arbitrary), and pile
diameter of 400mm, thus
Skin Friction
1(Kpa)= -6.19
L1(m)= 2

2(Kpa)= 33.75
L2(m)= 8

3(Kpa)= 68 4(Kpa)=
L3(m)= 3

L4(m)=

2 L2 3L3 4 L4 5 L5

* Perimeter
Qall 1L1
FS( 2)

Perimeter =pD = 1.26

Qalls(KN)= 281.32
Bearing pressure
Qub(KN)= CNc* Base area=(9*C)*Base area
Qub(KN)= 169.65 Qallb(KN)= 84.82
Total Single Pile Capacity (From soil)
Qall(KN)= Qalls + Qallb =
366.15

Lecture Note (Amsalu G.)

Academic Year: 2005/2006

Bahir Dar University

Faculty of Engineering

Department of Civil Engineering

From concrete capacity: fcd=0.67fck/1.5=13.4MPa

Pall = Area*fcd= p (0.2)2*13400=1683.9KN; Hence soil strength governs. Pall=366.15KN
Number and spacing of piles
It can be easily estimated (from load and single pile capacity) that using 8 piles under a pile cap
is reasonable. A pile spacing of 3d can be adopted (EBCS 7). Thus s=3d=3*400=1200mm. The
pile cap shall be extended by 500mm (=300+d/2) from centerlines of exterior piles. Thus pile
arrangement will be as shown below.
Now we can determine the load carried by each pile.
2 .2

0 .5

0 .5

1 .2

0 .5

B
1 .2

0 .6

1 .2

Pi

0 .5
2

M yx

4 1 .8 0 .6

14.4m

8 0 .6

2.88m

P =2000+pile cap weight (assuming 500mm thickness)=2127KN

0 .4

M xy

1 .2

4 .6

Pi

Pi

2127
8

PA1 -0.6
PA2 0.6
PB1 -0.6
PB2 0.6

300y
14 . 4

Value

1.8

261.7

1.8

345.0

0.6

236.7

0.6

320.0

200x
2 . 88

Pi

Value

PC1 -0.6
PC2 0.6

-0.6

211.7

-0.6

295.0

PD1 -0.6
PD2 0.6

-1.8

186.7

-1.8

270.0

Thus Pmax =345KN < Pall =366.15KN OK! (8 piles would be enough)
Check pile group capacity
Pile group capacity is considered for the right figure.
Thus Pug =fsu Li P +qbu Ab - i hi A
Pall g = fsall Li P +qball Ab - i hi A
First lets evaluate qbu:
qbu= CNc = 150*9 = 1350Kpa
qball=1350/2=675Kpa
Group perimeter, P =2*(1.6+4) =11.2m;
P ug

0 .2

4320.0 1452.8

5374.5KN

P applied

P w P A1 P A2
v

Pw
bd

400

850.26
2.2 * 0.325

v all 0.3 f ctd 1 50 ;

P B2

0 .2

0 .4

1 .2
0 .2

4m
B

17 * 2 17 * 8 19 * 3 * ( 4 * 1 . 6 )

2127KN

2 .2
0 .5

1 .2

0 .5
S

0 .5

A
y

1 .2

B
d

L
1 .2

0 .6

850 . 26 KN

0 .4
1 .2

0.005;

0 .5

1189.17KPa

Assume

f ctd

0.35

f ck

c ( 1 .5 )

1.28MPa

Lecture Note (Amsalu G.)

0 .2

4 .6

P B1

1 .2

0 .6
1 .6 m

Design of Pile Cap

Try a thickness D = 500mm
d = D-100-75 = 325mm (See Fig 2.16)
a. Check wide beam shear:
i) along the long direction (Sec L-L)
175

1 .2

33.75 * 8 67.5 * 3
- 6.19 * 2
* 11 . 2 675 * ( 4 * 1 . 6 )
2

P ug 2507.34

1 .2

Academic Year: 2005/2006

Bahir Dar University

Faculty of Engineering

v all 480Kpa

vw

increase

Department of Civil Engineering

D.

Let D = 750mm d=750-100-75 = 575mm

P w P A1 P A2 606 . 7 KN
606.7

vw

479 . 6 KPa

2.2 * 0.575

Therefore use pile cap which is 750mm thick

v all

OK!

ii) along the short direction (Sec S-S)

Pw

25

P 2A

400

vw

P 2B P 2C P 2D

76.88

3 3 . 42 KPa

4 * 0.575

76 . 88 KN

v all

OK!

b. Check punching shear:

Critical section is at d/2 from face of support (see fig right!)
It can be shown that about 7.24% support is contributed
from each pile reaction to resist punching. Thus,

P pu 2 127
v pu

7 . 24
100

P 1B

P 2B P 1C P 2C

7 . 24
100

P 1B

2 0.975 1.175
ctd

P pu 2 127
v pu

1 50
10
100

P 2B P 1C P 2C

bd

0 .6

* 0575
800Kpa

4 .6

Increase

1 .2

P 2B P 1C P 2C

765.4KPa

OK!

1063.11
2.2 * 0.6

0 .4

0 .4 + d = 9 7 5 m m

0 .6

0 .4

D! Use D 775mm
1 .2

2020.65KN

d 600mm

and

36 . 64

Km= 36.64
K s= 4.08 As(mm2)=
# 24=
16.0

0 .5 d

0 .5

P 1B

829 . 12 Kpa

use D 775mm

0 .5 d

2 1 . 0 1.2 * 0 . 6

0 .5

0 .5

2050KN

Reinforcement
a) In the long direction:
Critical section is at the face of the column
M max P A1 P A2 * 1 . 5 P B1 P B2 * 0 . 3 1063
K

1 .2

1 .2

P pu

Therefore

2 .2
0 .5

P pu

v all, p 0.5f

0 .6 + d = 1 1 7 5 m m

P pu P applied

and with

. 11 KN m
C - 30 and S - 300,

7224.01

Use 16bars in the long direction; better to use more bars directly above the piles.
b) In the short direction:
M max P A2 P B2 P C2 P D2 * 1 . 0 1230 . 70 KN m
Km= 27.26
K s= 3.99 As(mm2)=
# 24=
18.1

8189.514

Use 18bars in the short direction; better to use more bars directly above the piles.

Lecture Note (Amsalu G.)

Academic Year: 2005/2006

Bahir Dar University

Faculty of Engineering

Department of Civil Engineering

Design of Pile shaft

Asmin=0.008Ac =1005mm2. # 16 = 5. Use 6 16 as it is circular shaft and a minimum of 6
bars are needed. Use spiral tie with a pich of
0 .5

1 .2

0 .5
635

0 .5

424

1 .2
524

1 .2

524

b
a

S e c tio n A -A
1 .2

600

1624, L = 5730

4460

8 2 4

8 2 4

4 .6

600

1824, L=3260
2060

4 2 4

0 .5
2 .2

635

Lecture Note (Amsalu G.)

Academic Year: 2005/2006