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    Mechanics of Solids
    Mechanics of Solids
    Mechanics of Solids
    Ebook447 pages1 hour

    Mechanics of Solids

    By Rahul Basu

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    About this ebook

    Structural and Engineering Materials are used in many areas and products. Their reliability, strength, reliability and endurance are essential characteristics in design and manufacture. End users also expect reliable, durable and cost effective products. The study and analysis of materials and solids is an essential part of any technical syllabus. The book aims to give a basic understanding of the principles involved with examples.

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherRahul Basu
    Release dateSep 28, 2021
    ISBN9781005281359
    Mechanics of Solids
    Author

    Rahul Basu

    Graduate of Caltech,.UCLA , Mysore University,. Bangalore University., Eurotechnical University.Industry experience at California RTP NC USA., IndiaMerit scholar India,.Caltech(NSF), UCLA. ( Assistantship)Retired from DRDO research, emeritus and visiting professor at several universities..

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      Book preview

      Mechanics of Solids - Rahul Basu

      SUGGESTED SYLLABUS

      Module – I

      Definition of stress, stress tensor, normal and shear stresses in axially loaded members.

      Stress & Strain :- Stress-strain relationship, Hooke’s law, Poisson’s ratio, shear stress, shear strain, modulus of rigidity. Relationship between material properties of isotropic materials. Stress-strain diagram for uniaxial loading of ductile and brittle materials. Introduction to mechanical properties of metals-hardness, impact. Composite Bars In Tension & Compression:-Temperature stresses in composite rods – statically indeterminate problem. (10)

      Module – II

      Two Dimensional State of Stress and Strain: Principal stresses, principal strains, and principal axes, calculation of principal stresses from principal strains.Stresses in a thin cylinder and thin spherical shells under internal pressure, wire winding of thin cylinders.

      Torsion of solid circular shafts, twisting moment, the strength of solid and hollow circular shafts and strength of shafts in combined bending and twisting. (10)

      Module – III

      Shear Force And Bending Moment Diagram: For simple beams, support reactions for statically determinant beams, the relationship between bending moment and shear force, shear force, and bending moment diagrams.

      Pure bending theory of initially straight beams, distribution of normal and shear stress, beams of two materials.

      Deflection of beams by integration method and area moment method. (12)

      Module – IV

      Closed coiled helical springs.

      Buckling of columns: Euler’s theory of initially straight columns with various end conditions, Eccentric loading of columns. Columns with initial curvature. (8)

      Text Books-:

      Strength of materials by G. H. Ryder, Mc Millan India Ltd.,

      Elements of Strength of Materials by S.P. Timoshenko and D.H. Young, East West Press Pvt. Ltd.

      Analysis of Stress and Deformation, T. Vreeland Jr., and J.H.Housner

      Ref. Books:-

      Introduction to solid mechanics by H. Shames, Prentice Hall India, New Delhi

      Engineering mechanics of solid by E. P. Popov, Prentice Hall India, New Delhi

      Contents

      ––––––––

      Module 1

      Lecture 1

      Stress

      Stress is the internal resistance offered by the body to the external load applied to it per unit cross sectional area. Stresses are normal to the plane to which they act and are tensile or compressive in nature.

      ––––––––

      As we know that in the mechanics of deformable solids, externally applied forces acts on a body and body suffers a deformation. From an equilibrium point of view, this action should be opposed or reacted by internal forces which are set up within the particles of material due to cohesion. These internal forces give rise to the concept of stress. Consider a rectangular rod subjected to axial pull P. Let us imagine that the same rectangular bar is assumed to be cut into two halves at section XX. Each portion of this rectangular bar is in equilibrium under the action of load P and the internal forces acting at section XX have been shown.

      Now stress is defined as the force intensity or force per unit area. Here we use a symbol to represent stress. τ =P/A

      ––––––––

      Where A is the area of the X –X section

      Here we are using an assumption that the total force or total load carried by the rectangular bar is uniformly distributed over its cross – section. But the stress distributions may be uniform, with local regions of high stress known as

      stress concentrations. If the force carried by a component is not uniformly distributed over its cross – sectional area, A, we must consider a small area, ‘δA’ which carries

      a small load ‘δP’, of the total force ‘P', Then the definition of stress is

      As particular stress generally holds only at a point, therefore it is defined mathematically as

      Units :

      The basic units of stress in S.I units i.e. (International system) are N / m² (or Pa)

      MPa = 10⁶ Pa

      GPa = 10⁹ Pa

      KPa = 10³ Pa

      Sometimes N / mm² units are also used, because this is an equivalent to MPa. While US customary unit is pound per square inch psi.

      TYPES OF STRESSES: Only two basic stresses exist: (1) normal stress and (2) shear stress. Other stresses either are similar to these basic stresses or are a combination of this e.g. bending stress is a combination tensile, compressive, and shear stresses. Torsional stress, as encountered in the twisting of a shaft is shearing stress. Let us define the normal stresses and shear stresses in the following sections.

      Normal stresses: We have defined stress as force per unit area. If the stresses are normal to the areas concerned, then these are termed as normal stresses. The normal stresses are generally denoted by a Greek letter (σ)

      This is also known as a uniaxial state of stress, because the stresses act only in one direction however, such a state rarely exists, therefore we have a biaxial and triaxial state of stresses where either the two mutually perpendicular normal stresses acts or three mutually perpendicular normal stresses act as shown in the figures below :

      Tensile or compressive Stresses:

      The normal stresses can be either tensile or compressive whether the stresses act out of the area or into the area

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