GRAMMAR BANK EXMEN FINAL

GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES

Gerunds
Like a subject or a object
After some prepositions
After verbs like: avoid, cant stand, dislike,
dont mind, enjoy, finish, like, practice,
recommend

Infinitives
After an adjective
Like an action
After verbs like: learn, teach, want, plan,
need, decide, help

THE PASSIVE
La voz pasiva se utiliza para dar importancia a la accin del verbo. El sujeto no suele ser conocido, o por el
contrario no es importante en la oracin.
Present passive
Affirmative
Negative
Question
Answer

Subject
Subject

Past participle (3rd column)

Past participle (3rd column)

Present simple to be
Present simple to be+ not

Present simple to be
Yes,
No,

Past participle (3rd column)

Present simple to be
Present simple to be + not

Subject
Subject

Past passive
Affirmative
Negative
Question
Answer

Subject
Subject

Past participle (3rd column)

Past participle (3rd column)

Past simple to be
Past simple to be+ not

Past simple to be
Yes,
No,

Past participle (3rd column)

Past simple to be
Past simple to be + not

Subject
Subject

Future passive
Affirmative
Negative

Subject
Subject

Question

Will
Yes,
No,

Answer

Past participle (3rd column)

Past participle (3rd column)

Will be
Wont be

Be + Past participle (3rd column)

Will
Wont

Subject
Subject

CONDITIONAL
First conditional
Con este tiempo hacemos referencia a las consecuencias de una accin
Affirmative
Negative

If + subject
If + subject

Present simple
Dont/Doesnt + verb

Subject + WILL
Subject + WONT

Verb + Object
Verb + Object

Second conditional
Con este tiempo hacemos referencia a previsiones poco probables del presente y del futuro.
Affirmative
Negative

If + subject
If + subject

Past simple
Didnt + verb

Subject + WOULD/ D
Subject + WOULDNT

Verb + Object
Verb + Object

Third conditional
Con este tiempo hacemos referencia a la suposicin de las consecuencias que habra tenido una accin que no
ha sido realizada realmente.
Affirmative

If + subject

Past perfect

Negative

If + subject

Past perfect in negative

Subject + WOULD
HAVE
Subject + WOULDNT
HAVE

Past participle(3rd
column)+ Object
Past participle (3rd
column)+ Object

PRESENT
Present simple
Affirmative
Negative
Question

Subject
Subject
DO/ DOES

Verb (3rd singular with s)

DONT/ DOESNT + verb
Subject + verb

Object
Object
Object

AM/ ARE/ IS + gerund

AM/ ARE/ IS + not + gerund
Subject + gerund

Object
Object
Object

Present continuous
Affirmative
Negative
Question

Subject
Subject
AM/ ARE/ IS

Present perfect
Affirmative
Negative

Subject
Subject

Question

HAVE/ HAS

HAVE/ HAS+ past participle (3rd column)

HAVE/HAS + NOT + past participle (3rd
column)
Subject + past participle (3rd column)

Object
Object
Object

PAST
Past simple
Affirmative
Negative
Question

Subject
Subject
DID

Verb + ed / irregulars: Past simple

DIDNT + verb in present
Subject + verb in present

Object
Object
Object

Subject
Subject
WAS/ WERE

WAS/ WERE + gerund

WAS/ WERE + not + gerund
Subject + gerund

Object
Object
Object

Past continuous
Affirmative
Negative
Question

Past perfect
Affirmative
Negative
Question

Subject
Subject
HAD

HAD+ past participle (3rd column)

HAD + NOT + past participle (3rd column)
Subject + past participle (3rd column)

Object
Object
Object

REPORTED SPEECH
Direct speech
Present simple
Present continuous
Be going to (present)// am, is, are going to
Past simple
Present perfect
WILL/ WOULD
CAN
MUST/ HAVE TO
MUSTNT

Reported speech
Past simple
Past continuous
Be going to (past)//were, was going to
Past perfect
Past perfect
WOULD
COULD
HAD TO
MUSTNT