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Wt. %
Component
Wt. %
Component
Wt. %
Al
90.7 - 94.7
Mg
1.2 - 1.8
Si
Max 0.5
Cr
Max 0.1
Mn
0.3 - 0.9
Ti
Max 0.15
Cu
3.8 - 4.9
Other, each
Max 0.05
Zn
Max 0.25
Fe
Max 0.5
Other, total
Max 0.15
Material Notes:
General 2024 characteristics and uses (from Alcoa): Good machinability and surface finish
capabilities. A high strength material of adequate workability. Has largely superceded 2017 for
structural applications.
Uses: Aircraft fittings, gears and shafts, bolts, clock parts, computer parts, couplings, fuse parts,
hydraulic valve bodies, missile parts, munitions, nuts, pistons, rectifier parts, worm gears,
fastening devices, veterinary and orthopedic equipment, structures.
Data points with the AA note have been provided by the Aluminum Association, Inc. and are
NOT FOR DESIGN.
Physical Properties
Density
Metric
English
Comments
2.78 g/cc
0.1 lb/in
AA; Typical
120
120
Mechanical Properties
Hardness, Brinell
Hardness, Knoop
150
150
Hardness, Rockwell A
46.8
46.8
Hardness, Rockwell B
75
75
137
137
483 MPa
70000 psi
AA; Typical
345 MPa
50000 psi
AA; Typical
18 %
18 %
Modulus of Elasticity
73.1 GPa
10600 ksi
379 MPa
55000 psi
855 MPa
124000 psi
Edge distance/pin
diameter = 2.0
524 MPa
76000 psi
Edge distance/pin
diameter = 2.0
0.33
0.33
138 MPa
20000 psi
70 %
70 %
Shear Modulus
28 GPa
4060 ksi
Shear Strength
283 MPa
41000 psi
AA; Typical
Hardness, Vickers
Elongation at Break
Poisson's Ratio
Fatigue Strength
Machinability
Electrical Properties
Electrical Resistivity
Thermal Properties
CTE, linear 68F
23.2 m/m-C
12.9 in/in-F
24.7 m/m-C
13.7 in/in-F
0.875 J/g-C
0.209 BTU/lb-F
Thermal Conductivity
Melting Point
502 - 638 C
935 - 1180 F
Solidus
502 C
935 F
AA; Typical
Liquidus
638 C
1180 F
AA; Typical
Annealing Temperature
413 C
775 F
Solution Temperature
256 C
493 F
Processing Properties
http://asm.matweb.com/search/SpecificMaterial.asp?bassnum=MA2024T3
There is an assumption by some that because an airplane is a light-sport airplane (LSA) that it
is a compromise and can't fulfill the function expectation of a "real" airplane. It is assumed that
it will be lighter, smaller, and slower. Of course that isn't necessarily true, especially in the case
of Bob Barrow's latest design, the new Bearhawk LSA
"From the moment you climb aboard the Bearhawk LSA, you feel like you are sitting in a real
substantial, solid airplane."
Payload
The prototype Bearhawk LSA came in at 728 lbs. empty weight, with an aluminum prop and no
electrics. Barrows estimates that 750 pounds is a realistic empty weight for a builder who works
hard to keep the airplane light. With the LSA maximum gross weight of 1320 lbs. (in the utility
category), this 2-place LSA has a very respectable useful load. Barrows has said that the
airplane is really designed for a max gross weight of 1500 lbs (in utility category), so there is a
built-in margin of safety for those who do not have to fly under the LSA rules.
Performance
The Bearhawk LSA can take off in as little as 200 feet and climb at 1500 ft. per minute and then
level off and cruise at 120 mph sipping only 5 gph.
Rugged Construction
The Bearhawk LSA utilizes the traditional 4130 Chromalloy tube and fabric along with allaluminum, flush riveted wings.
The Bearhawk LSA can stay aloft for a very long time. Barrows reports an economy cruise
speed of about 110 mph sipping only 4 GPH with the Continental C-85 engine. With a 30 gallon
tank that gives you over 7 hours in the air. Not many vehicles can do 110 mph only consuming
25 miles per gallon. If you want to get there a bit faster, you can push it up in cruise to 120 mph
burning about 5 GPH.
Also, with a nice roomy cockpit, you can cruise in comfort. The cabin width is a spacious 31
wide and 97 long. The Bearhawk LSA can be flown with the windows open for taking those
perfect aerial photos.
Bearhawk Aircraft
PO Box 9018
Austin, TX 78766
877-528-4776
www.bearhawkaircraft.com
What is a Bearhawk?
LBS
The useful load (depending on engine and builder finish out) ranges from 1100-1500 lbs. The 50
gallon main fuel tanks can be filled and four full sized adults carried with room left over for 250
lbs of baggage or cargo.
CARGO BAY WITH LARGE DOORS
The back seat can be removed resulting in a HUGE cargo area with unobstructed access. Not
only does the back seat have its own door, but the back door combines with the cargo door to
allow a six foot loading area. In addition, the back seat can be flipped around and mounted with
the seat facing aft. This moves the CG of the rear seat passengers 8 or 9 inches forward.
FLYING FOR 19 YEARS WITH 1400+ SETS OF PLANS SOLD
Professional engineer Bob Barrows originally designed the Bearhawk to carry aircraft engines
for his engine rebuilding business in 1995. He offered plans for sale and over 1400 sets of plans
have been sold. There are over 100 Bearhawks now flying in the USA and around the world.
OVER 1000 HOURS OF FLIGHT TIME
The two prototype Bearhawks (180 hp & 260 hp) have accumulated well over 1000 hours of
flight time. There are at least two Bearhawks built by builders with over 700 hours on them.
Bearhawks have flown to Mexico, all around the bush up in Alaska, and into the rugged
countryside of South Africa, Australia, and Brazil.
WIDE CHOICE OF ENGINES 150 HP TO 260 HP
The Bearhawk delivers outstanding performance (125 160 mph, 1000-2000 fpm climb)
regardless of the engine. The take off and climb is truly impressive making it an ideal airplane
for all types of applications including floats
TUBING FUSELAGE WITH LOTS OF DOORS
The time proven 4130 steel tube fuselage is the accepted standard for both longevity and crash
survivability. For those thinking of serious bush operations, it is also the most easily repaired in
the case of an accident.
ALL METAL WINGS WITH LOTS OF FLAPS
The modified 4412 airfoil combined with big flaps and a long, all metal wing offer the best
combination for short field take off and landings. Depending of course on the pilots skill, the
Bearhawk can operate safely from most any field that is called an airport. Some Bearhawk
owners have put the big tundra tires on their airplanes, and operate on the remote landing spots
used by bush pilots in Alaska.
The Bearhawk 4 place and the Patrol were designed by Robert Barrows of
Fincastle, Virginia. Bob has a Bachelor of Science degree in Mechanical
Engineering. Flying since 1967, Bob has over 4,000 hours of flight time
almost exclusively in tailwheel aircraft.
Bobs aviation achievements include building his first plane a scratch built
Midget Mustang. Next Bob designed and built a single place, high wing, open
cockpit STOL plane he named the Grasshopper which was powered by a 65
HP Continental. Next Bob designed, built, and then flew an open cockpit two
seat acrobatic biplane for aerobatic competition. It was powered by a 260 HP
IO-540 Lycoming. Next Bob restored and flew for a long time a C170. Then
Bob finished and flew an RV3 project which he took over from the original
builder.
Bob used his C170 to deliver aircraft engines which he overhauls for
customers. Finding the C170 marginal for that task, in the early 1990s Bob
began work designing and building his four place Bearhawk. Prototype I was
powered by an Lycoming O360.
In the late 1990s Bob decided to build another Bearhawk but with the O-540
Lycoming of 260 HP for power. It was called Proto II. As Bob says: "You dont
really need the Lycoming 540 to have a good flying Bearhawk, but that much
power sure is exhilarating. "
Bob designed and flew the Patrol in 2002. His prototype Patrol now has over
700 hours on it. While very similar in appearance and construction to the four
place Bearhawk, the Patrol incorporates some new design elements like the
airfoil shaped tail ribs and a special Riblett wing airfoil.
Bob Barrows non-aviation career:
1968-1975 Bob was employed by Chicago Pneumatic designing air tools
1975-1987 Employed by Ingersoll Rand as Manager of Engineering Works
for the IR plant in Roanoke, VA
1975-1985 Bob was also Chief Engineer for a company that built electricity
generating windmills of 200 KW to 800 KW. Bob designed all the mechanical
systems, & the windmill blades (stainless steel).
http://bearhawkaircraft.com/Bearhawk/barrowsbio.html
Specifications:
Top Speed (Vne) 175 mph, IAS
Cruise Speed (260 150 mph (62%), TAS (varies
hp)
with builder,engine,weight)
Cruise Speed (180
hp)
135-140 mph, TAS
Landing Speed
40 mph, IAS
200-500 ft, demonstrated
Takeoff Roll
(depends on engine)
Rate of Climb @
1,500-1,700 fpm (varies with
gross
builder,engine, etc.)
Range @ 65%
est.
650 mi.
Range @ 50% est.
900 mi.
1150-1550 pounds (varies w
Empty Weight
/builder /engine /prop)
2500 pounds (2700 pounds on
Gross weight
floats)
950-1350 pounds (varies w/
Useful Load
builder/ engine/ prop)
50 gallons (standard) 72
Fuel Capacity
gallons (optional, w/aux tanks)
Wing span
33 ft.
Wing Area
180 sq. ft.
Length
23 ft. 6 in.
Cabin Width
42 in.
9 ft 8 in. (firewall to back of
Cabin Length
back of baggage area)
Physical Properties
Mechanical Properties
Thermal Properties
Other Designations
Fabrication and Heat Treatment
Machinability
Forming
Welding
Heat Treatment
Forging
Hot Working
Cold Working
Annealing
Tempering
Hardening
Applications
Introduction
Alloy steels are designated by AISI four-digit numbers. They are more responsive to
mechanical and heat treatments than carbon steels. They comprise different types
of steels with compositions which exceed the limitations of B, C, Mn, Mo, Ni, Si, Cr,
and Va in the carbon steels.
AISI 4130 alloy steel contains chromium and molybdenum as strengthening agents.
It has low carbon content, and hence it can be welded easily. The datasheet given
below provides more details about AISI 4130 alloy steel.
Chemical Composition
The chemical composition of AISI 4130 alloy steel is listed in the following table.
Element
Content (%)
Iron, Fe
97.03
98.22
Chromium, Cr
0.80
1.10
Manganese, Mn
0.40
0.60
0.330
Carbon, C
0.280
Silicon, Si
0.15
0.30
Molybdenum, Mo
0.15
0.25
Sulfur, S
0.040
Phosphorous, P
0.035
Physical Properties
The following table shows the physical properties of AISI 4130 alloy steel.
Properties
Metric
Imperial
Density
7.85 g/cm3
0.284 lb/in
1432C
2610F
Melting point
Mechanical Properties
The mechanical properties of AISI 4130 alloy steel are outlined in the following
table.
Properties
Metric
Imperial
560 MPa
81200 psi
460 MPa
66700 psi
190-210
27557-30458
GPa
ksi
140 GPa
20300 ksi
80 GPa
11600 ksi
0.27-0.30
0.27-0.30
21.50%
21.50%
Reduction of area
59.6
59.60%
Hardness, Brinell
217
217
240
240
95
95
17
17
228
228
70
70
Modulus of elasticity
Bulk modulus (Typical for steel)
Shear modulus (Typical for steel)
Poissons ratio
Elongation at break (in 50 mm)
Thermal Properties
The thermal properties of AISI 4130 alloy steel are outlined in the following table.
Properties
Thermal conductivity (100C)
Metric
Imperial
42.7 W/mK
Other Designations
Other designations that are equivalent to AISI 4130 alloy steel include the
following.
AMS 6348
AMS 6371
ASTM A331
ASTM A829
DIN 1.7218
AMS 6350
AMS 6373
ASTM A506
MIL S-18729
UNI 25 CrMo 4
AMS 6351
AMS 6374
ASTM A507
MIL S-6758
JIS SCCrM 1
AMS 6360
AMS 6528
ASTM A513
SAE J1397
JIS SCM 2
AMS 6361
AMS 7496
ASTM A519
SAE J404
SS 2225
AMS 6362
ASTM A29
ASTM A646
SAE J412
AMS 6370
ASTM A322
ASTM A752
AFNOR 25 CD 4 (S)
SAE J770
Forming
Forming of AISI 4130 steel can be performed in the annealed condition.
Welding
Welding of AISI 4130 steel can be performed by all commercial methods.
Heat Treatment
AISI 4130 steel is heated at 871C (1600F) and then quenched in oil. This steel is
usually heat-treated at temperatures ranging from 899 to 927C (1650 to 1700F).
Forging
Forging of AISI 4130 steel can be performed at 954 to 1204C (1750 to 2200F).
Hot Working
Hot working of AISI 4130 steel can be done at 816 to 1093C (1500 to 2000F).
Cold Working
AISI 4130 steel can be cold worked using conventional methods.
Annealing
AISI 4130 steel can be annealed at 843C (1550F) followed by air cooling at
482C (900F).
Tempering
Tempering of AISI 4130 steel can be performed at 399 to 566C (750 to 1050F),
depending on the desired strength level.
Hardening
Hardening of AISI 4130 steel can be done with cold working or heat treatment.
Applications
The following are some of the major applications of AISI 4130 alloy steel:
Welded tubing
http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=6742